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Liu H, Shen W, Liu W, Yang Z, Yin D, Xiao C. From oncolytic peptides to oncolytic polymers: A new paradigm for oncotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:206-230. [PMID: 37637082 PMCID: PMC10450358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy methods, especially those directed against specific intracellular targets or signaling pathways, are not powerful enough to overcome tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Oncolytic peptides that can induce membrane lysis-mediated cancer cell death and subsequent anticancer immune responses, has provided a new paradigm for cancer therapy. However, the clinical application of oncolytic peptides is always limited by some factors such as unsatisfactory bio-distribution, poor stability, and off-target toxicity. To overcome these limitations, oncolytic polymers stand out as prospective therapeutic materials owing to their high stability, chemical versatility, and scalable production capacity, which has the potential to drive a revolution in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of oncolytic peptides. Then the oncolytic peptides-mediated combination therapy and the nano-delivery strategies for oncolytic peptides are summarized. Emphatically, the current research progress of oncolytic polymers has been highlighted. Lastly, the challenges and prospects in the development of oncolytic polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zexin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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2
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Poller W, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Landmesser U, Krichevsky AM. Exploration of the Noncoding Genome for Human-Specific Therapeutic Targets-Recent Insights at Molecular and Cellular Level. Cells 2023; 12:2660. [PMID: 37998395 PMCID: PMC10670380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that 98-99% of the human genome does not encode proteins, but are nevertheless transcriptionally active and give rise to a broad spectrum of noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs] with complex regulatory and structural functions, specific functions have so far been assigned to only a tiny fraction of all known transcripts. On the other hand, the striking observation of an overwhelmingly growing fraction of ncRNAs, in contrast to an only modest increase in the number of protein-coding genes, during evolution from simple organisms to humans, strongly suggests critical but so far essentially unexplored roles of the noncoding genome for human health and disease pathogenesis. Research into the vast realm of the noncoding genome during the past decades thus lead to a profoundly enhanced appreciation of the multi-level complexity of the human genome. Here, we address a few of the many huge remaining knowledge gaps and consider some newly emerging questions and concepts of research. We attempt to provide an up-to-date assessment of recent insights obtained by molecular and cell biological methods, and by the application of systems biology approaches. Specifically, we discuss current data regarding two topics of high current interest: (1) By which mechanisms could evolutionary recent ncRNAs with critical regulatory functions in a broad spectrum of cell types (neural, immune, cardiovascular) constitute novel therapeutic targets in human diseases? (2) Since noncoding genome evolution is causally linked to brain evolution, and given the profound interactions between brain and immune system, could human-specific brain-expressed ncRNAs play a direct or indirect (immune-mediated) role in human diseases? Synergistic with remarkable recent progress regarding delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies, the ongoing large-scale exploration of the noncoding genome for human-specific therapeutic targets is encouraging to proceed with the development and clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic pathways suggested by these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Gene & Cell Therapy Institute, Mass General Brigham, 65 Landsdowne St, Suite 143, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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3
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Qi N, Duan W, Gao D, Ma N, Zhang J, Feng J, Li A. "Guide" of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy and anti-glioma effect of lactoferrin modified DTX liposomes. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10393. [PMID: 36925685 PMCID: PMC10013770 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases for human health. It is difficult to resect completely due to their invasiveness. The targeted delivery, as a noninvasive approach, is a major strategy for the development of treatments for brain tumors. Lactoferrin (Lf) receptors are over-expressed in both brain endothelial cells and glioma cells. Macromolecular Lf modified nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the brain targeting. Muscone is a "guide" drug that have been demonstrated to promote liposomes into the brain by modification. To further enhance the brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified carriers, we designed that Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target to brain for enhanced docetaxel (DTX) brain delivery. The results showed that we successfully prepared Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes (Lf-LP-Mu-DTX), the number of Lf molecules connected to the surface of per liposome was 28. Lf-LP-Mu-DTX increased uptake in both U87-MG cells and hCMEC/D3 cells, enhanced penetration of U87-MG tumor spheroid and in vitro BBB model, had better in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, "guide" of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified liposomes, Lf and muscone dual-modified docetaxel loaded liposomes present a potential brain-targeting drug delivery system for use in the future treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qi
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China.,Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University China
| | - Duan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Ningzhu Ma
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning China
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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4
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Yang J, Xu Y, Fu Z, Chen J, Fan W, Wu X. Progress in research and development of temozolomide brain-targeted preparations: a review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:119-133. [PMID: 36039767 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain tumours with high malignancy, for which surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment at present. However, the overall prognosis of gliomas remains poor because of their aggressiveness and high recurrence. Temozolomide (TMZ) has anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects and is indicated for glioblastoma multiforme and recurrent mesenchymal astrocytoma. However, TMZ is disadvantaged by low efficacy and drug resistance, and therefore it is necessary to enhance the brain drug concentration of TMZ to improve its effectiveness and reduce the toxic and adverse effects from systemic administration. There have been many nano-formulations developed for the delivery of TMZ to gliomas that overcome the limitations of TMZ penetration to tumours and increase brain targeting. In this paper, we review the research progress of TMZ nano-formulations, and also discuss challenges and opportunities in the research and development of drug delivery systems, hoping that the data and information summarised herein could provide assistance for the clinical treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youfa Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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5
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Krzyzowska M, Janicka M, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Szymanski P. Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanoparticles as New Antivirals. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091862. [PMID: 36145610 PMCID: PMC9504495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with multiple functions in the body. Its activity against a broad spectrum of both DNA and RNA viruses as well as the ability to modulate immune responses have made it of interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The mechanisms of its antiviral activity include direct binding to the viruses or its receptors or the upregulation of antiviral responses by the immune system. Recently, much effort has been devoted to the use of nanotechnology in the development of new antivirals. In this review, we focus on describing the antiviral mechanisms of lactoferrin and the possible use of nanotechnology to construct safe and effective new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzyzowska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Martyna Janicka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Szymanski
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Perspectives on the Molecular Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in the Context of Neuroprotection and Neurolongevity: An Extensive Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7743705. [PMID: 36062188 PMCID: PMC9439934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7743705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules with at least one unpaired electron in their outermost shell are known as free radicals. Free radical molecules are produced either within our bodies or by external sources such as ozone, cigarette smoking, X-rays, industrial chemicals, and air pollution. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Although ROS (reactive oxygen species) are formed in the GI tract, little is known about how they contribute to pathophysiology and disease etiology. When reactive oxygen species and antioxidants are in imbalance in our bodies, they can cause cell structure damage, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and other obesity-related disorders, as well as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Neuron cells are gradually destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases. The production of inappropriately aggregated proteins is strongly linked to oxidative stress. This review's goal is to provide as much information as possible about the numerous neurodegenerative illnesses linked to oxidative stress. The possibilities of multimodal and neuroprotective therapy in human illness, using already accessible medications and demonstrating neuroprotective promise in animal models, are highlighted. Neuroprotection and neurolongevity may improve from the use of bioactive substances from medicinal herbs like Allium stadium, Celastrus paniculatus, and Centella asiatica. Many neuroprotective drugs' possible role has been addressed. Preventing neuroinflammation has been demonstrated in several animal models.
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7
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Wen S, Wang W, Huang K, Huang J, Chu X, Wang F, Pang L, Wang Y, Sun X. Novel capsaicin releasing system targeted protects ischemic brain from cardiac arrest. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lu C, Han L, Wang J, Wan J, Song G, Rao J. Engineering of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic particle imaging tracers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8102-8146. [PMID: 34047311 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique because of its signal linearly propotional to the tracer mass, ability to generate positive contrast, low tissue background, unlimited tissue penetration depth, and lack of ionizing radiation. The sensitivity and resolution of MPI are highly dependent on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of tracers. This review examines parameters that dictate the performance of MNPs, including size, shape, composition, surface property, crystallinity, the surrounding environment, and aggregation state to provide guidance for engineering MPI tracers with better performance. Finally, we discuss applications of MPI imaging and its challenges and perspectives in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Joanna Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Jiacheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
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9
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Asrorov AM, Gu Z, Li F, Liu L, Huang Y. Biomimetic camouflage delivery strategies for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8693-8706. [PMID: 33949576 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant challenge despite the progress in developing different therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine has been explored as a promising novel cancer therapy. Recently, biomimetic camouflage strategies have been investigated to change the bio-fate of therapeutics and target cancer cells while reducing the unwanted exposure on normal tissues. Endogenous components (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides, and cell membranes) have been used to develop anticancer drug delivery systems. These biomimetic systems can overcome biological barriers and enhance tumor cell-specific uptake. The tumor-targeting mechanisms include ligand-receptor interactions and stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH-sensitive and light-sensitive) delivery. Drug delivery carriers composed of endogenous components represent a promising approach for improving cancer treatment efficacy. In this paper, different biomimetic drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment are reviewed with a focus on the discussion of their advantages and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal M Asrorov
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China. and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 83, M. Ulughbek Street, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Zeyun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Lingyun Liu
- First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510450, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China. and Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
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10
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Sun X, Wang Y, Wen S, Huang K, Huang J, Chu X, Wang F, Pang L. Novel controlled and targeted releasing hydrogen sulfide system exerts combinational cerebral and myocardial protection after cardiac arrest. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 33549092 PMCID: PMC7866762 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Even after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the majorities of survivals are companied with permanent myocardial and cerebral injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a novel gasotransmitter exerting multiple organ protection; however, the lacks of ideal H2S donors which can controlled release H2S to targeted organs such as heart and brain limits its application. RESULTS This work utilized mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticle (MION) as the carriers of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactoferrin (LF) modified to MIONs to acquire the prolonged circulation time and brain-targeting effects, and a novel targeted H2S releasing system was constructed (DATS@MION-PEG-LF), which exhibited excellent biocompatibility, controlled-releasing H2S pattern, heart and brain targeting features, and the ability to be non-invasive traced by magnetic resonance imaging. DATS@MION-PEG-LF presented potent protective effects against cerebral and cardiac ischemic injury after CA in both in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation models and in vivo CA/CPR models, which mainly involves anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Accordingly, the cardiac and cerebral functions were obviously improved after CA/CPR, with potentially improved survival. CONCLUSIONS The present work provides a unique platform for targeted controlled release of H2S based on MIONs, and offers a new method for combinational myocardial and cerebral protection from ischemic injury, bringing considerable benefits for CA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiechun Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglin Chu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangrui Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Liewen Pang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Rd, 200040, Shanghai, China
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11
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Gu Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang H, Chen H, Huang S, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Chen J. Study on the cellular internalization mechanisms and in vivo anti-bone metastasis prostate cancer efficiency of the peptide T7-modified polypeptide nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:161-169. [PMID: 31913730 PMCID: PMC6968257 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1709923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-metastasis prostate cancer (BMPCa)-targeting gene therapy is gaining increasing concern in recent years. The peptide T7-modified polypeptide nanoparticles for delivery DNA (CRD-PEG-T7/pPMEPA1) was prepared as our previous study. However, the feasibility of CRD-PEG-T7/pPMEPA1 for BMPCa treatment, the mechanisms underlying cellular uptake, anti-BMPCa effect, and administration safety requires further research. LNCaP cells treated with endocytosis inhibitors and excessive T7 under different culture condition were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of cellular uptake of the CRD-PEG-T7-pPMEPA1. A transwell assay was applied to evaluate the cell migration ability. Besides, the tumor volume and survival rates of the PCa xenograft mice model were recorded to estimate the anti-tumor effect. In addition, the weight profiles of the PCa tumor-bearing mice, the blood chemistry, and the HE analysis of visceral organs and tumor was conducted to investigate the administration safety of CRD-PEG-T7/pPMEPA1. The results showed that PCa cellular uptake was decreased after treating with excessive free T7, endocytosis inhibitors and lower incubation temperature. Besides, CRD-PEG-T7/pPMEPA1 could inhibit the LNCaP cells chemotaxis and tumor growth. In addition, the survival duration of the PCa tumor-bearing mice treating with CRD-PEG-T7/pPMEPA1 was significantly prolonged with any systemic toxicity or damage to the organs. In conclusion, this research proposes a promising stratagem for treatment BMPCa by providing the biocompatible and effective carrier for delivery DNA therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical
University, Huhhot, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sifan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youfa Xu
- Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology
Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Zhang
- Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology
Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology
Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical
University, Huhhot, China
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12
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Lactoferrin coated or conjugated nanomaterials as an active targeting approach in nanomedicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1527-1543. [PMID: 33212102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A successful drug delivery to a specific site relies on two essential factors including; efficient entrapment of the drug within the carrier and successful delivery of drug- loaded nanocarrier to the target site without opsonisation or drug release in the circulation before reaching the organ of interest. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin (TF) family which can bind to TF receptors (TFRs) and LF membrane internalization receptors (LFRs) highly expressed on the cell surface of both highly proliferating cancer cells and blood brain barrier (BBB), which in turn can facilitate its accessibility to the cell nucleus. This merit could be exploited to develop actively targeted drug delivery systems that can easily cross the BBB or internalize into tumor cells. In this review, the most recent advances of utilizing LF as an active targeting ligand for different types of nanocarriers including: inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, synthetic biodegradable polymers, lipid nanocarriers, natural polymers, and nanoemulstions will be highlighted. Collectively, LF seems to be a promising targeting ligand in the field of nanomedicine.
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13
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Brain-Targeted Delivery of Pre-miR-29b Using Lactoferrin-Stearic Acid-Modified-Chitosan/Polyethyleneimine Polyplexes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100314. [PMID: 33076502 PMCID: PMC7602608 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of brain therapeutics is largely hampered by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), mainly due to the failure of most (bio) pharmaceuticals to cross it. Accordingly, this study aims to develop nanocarriers for targeted delivery of recombinant precursor microRNA (pre-miR-29b), foreseeing a decrease in the expression of the BACE1 protein, with potential implications in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Stearic acid (SA) and lactoferrin (Lf) were successfully exploited as brain-targeting ligands to modify cationic polymers (chitosan (CS) or polyethyleneimine (PEI)), and its BBB penetration behavior was evaluated. The intracellular uptake of the dual-targeting drug delivery systems by neuronal cell models, as well as the gene silencing efficiency of recombinant pre-miR-29b, was analyzed in vitro. Labeled pre-miR-29b-CS/PEI-SA-Lf systems showed very strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm and nucleus of RBE4 cells, being verified the delivery of pre-miR-29b to neuronal cells after 1 h transfection. The experiment of transport across the BBB showed that CS-SA-Lf delivered 65% of recombinant pre-miR-29b in a period of 4 h, a significantly higher transport ratio than the 42% found for PEI-SA-Lf in the same time frame. Overall, a novel procedure for the dual targeting of DDS is disclosed, opening new perspectives in nanomedicines delivery, whereby a novel drug delivery system harvests the merits and properties of the different immobilized ligands.
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Miao T, Little AC, Aronshtam A, Marquis T, Fenn SL, Hristova M, Krementsov DN, van der Vliet A, Spees JL, Oldinski RA. Internalized FGF-2-Loaded Nanoparticles Increase Nuclear ERK1/2 Content and Result in Lung Cancer Cell Death. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040612. [PMID: 32230722 PMCID: PMC7221911 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innovative cancer treatments, which improve adjuvant therapy and reduce adverse events, are desperately needed. Nanoparticles provide controlled intracellular biomolecule delivery in the absence of activating external cell surface receptors. Prior reports suggest that intracrine signaling, following overexpression of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) after viral transduction, has a toxic effect on diseased cells. Herein, the research goals were to (1) encapsulate recombinant FGF-2 within stable, alginate-based nanoparticles (ABNs) for non-specific cellular uptake, and (2) determine the effects of ABN-mediated intracellular delivery of FGF-2 on cancer cell proliferation/survival. In culture, human alveolar adenocarcinoma basal epithelial cell line (A549s) and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (HBE1s) internalized ABNs through non-selective endocytosis. Compared to A549s exposed to empty (i.e., blank) ABNs, the intracellular delivery of FGF-2 via ABNs significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, indicating that FGF-2-ABN treatment decreased the transformed cell integrity. Noticeably, the nontransformed cells were not significantly affected by FGF-2-loaded ABN treatment. Furthermore, FGF-2-loaded ABNs significantly increased nuclear levels of activated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) in A549s but had no significant effect on HBE1 nuclear ERK1/2 expression. Our novel intracellular delivery method of FGF-2 via nanoparticles resulted in increased cancer cell death via increased nuclear ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA (S.L.F.)
| | - Andrew C. Little
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.L.); (A.v.d.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Alexander Aronshtam
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (A.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (A.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Spencer L. Fenn
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA (S.L.F.)
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.L.); (A.v.d.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Jeffrey L. Spees
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.C.L.); (A.v.d.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (A.A.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.S.); (R.A.O.); Tel.: +1-802-656-2388 (J.L.S.); +1-802-656-3338 (R.A.O.); Fax: +1-802-656-8932 (J.L.S.); +1-802-656-3358 (R.A.O.)
| | - Rachael A. Oldinski
- Bioengineering Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA (S.L.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Materials Science Program, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.S.); (R.A.O.); Tel.: +1-802-656-2388 (J.L.S.); +1-802-656-3338 (R.A.O.); Fax: +1-802-656-8932 (J.L.S.); +1-802-656-3358 (R.A.O.)
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15
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Mahmoud BS, AlAmri AH, McConville C. Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E175. [PMID: 31936740 PMCID: PMC7017235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer and despite advancements in treatment, patient prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of 15 months. Treatment using conventional chemotherapy does not deliver the required drug dose to the tumour site, owing to insufficient blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, especially by hydrophilic drugs. Additionally, low molecular weight drugs cannot achieve specific accumulation in cancerous tissues and are characterized by a short circulation half-life. Nanoparticles can be designed to cross the BBB and deliver their drugs within the brain, thus improving their effectiveness for treatment when compared to administration of the free drug. The efficacy of nanoparticles can be enhanced by surface PEGylation to allow more specificity towards tumour receptors. This review will provide an overview of the different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas, risk factors entailing them as well as the latest developments for brain drug delivery. It will also address the potential of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of malignant gliomas, including the importance of their coating and functionalization on their ability to cross the BBB and the chemistry underlying that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Salah Mahmoud
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.S.M.); or
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ali Hamod AlAmri
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.S.M.); or
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62585, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher McConville
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.S.M.); or
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Mittal S, Ashhar MU, Qizilbash FF, Qamar Z, Narang JK, Kumar S, Ali J, Baboota S. Ligand Conjugated Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2291-2305. [PMID: 32303160 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200417141600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human brain is amongst the most complex organs in human body, and delivery of therapeutic agents across the brain is a tedious task. Existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from invasion of undesirable substances; therefore it hinders the transport of various drugs used for the treatment of different neurological diseases including glioma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. To surmount this barrier, various approaches have been used such as the use of carrier mediated drug delivery; use of intranasal route, to avoid first pass metabolism; and use of ligands (lactoferrin, apolipoprotein) to transport the drug across the BBB. Ligands bind with proteins present on the cell and facilitate the transport of drug across the cell membrane via. receptor mediated, transporter mediated or adsorptive mediated transcytosis. OBJECTIVE The main focus of this review article is to illustrate various studies performed using ligands for delivering drug across BBB; it also describes the procedure used by various researchers for conjugating the ligands to the formulation to achieve targeted action. METHODS Research articles that focused on the used of ligand conjugation for brain delivery and compared the outcome with unconjugated formulation were collected from various search engines like PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like ligands, neurological disorders, conjugation, etc. Results and Conclusion: Ligands have shown great potential in delivering drug across BBB for treatment of various diseases, yet extensive research is required so that the ligands can be used clinically for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Muhammad U Ashhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Farheen F Qizilbash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Zufika Qamar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Jasjeet K Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Zhu Y, Liu C, Pang Z. Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E790. [PMID: 31783573 PMCID: PMC6995517 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neuroscience has made remarkable progress in understanding basic aspects of functional organization; it is a renowned fact that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes the permeation and access of most drugs to central nervous system (CNS) and that many neurological diseases remain undertreated. Therefore, a number of nanocarriers have been designed over the past few decades to deliver drugs to the brain. Among these nanomaterials, dendrimers have procured an enormous attention from scholars because of their nanoscale uniform size, ease of multi-functionalization, and available internal cavities. As hyper-branched 3D macromolecules, dendrimers can be maneuvered to transport diverse therapeutic agents, incorporating small molecules, peptides, and genes; diminishing their cytotoxicity; and improving their efficacy. Herein, the present review will give exhaustive details of extensive researches in the field of dendrimer-based vehicles to deliver drugs through the BBB in a secure and effectual manner. It is also a souvenir in commemorating Donald A. Tomalia on his 80th birthday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Medical Center, 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chunying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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18
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Gothwal A, Kumar H, Nakhate KT, Ajazuddin, Dutta A, Borah A, Gupta U. Lactoferrin Coupled Lower Generation PAMAM Dendrimers for Brain Targeted Delivery of Memantine in Aluminum-Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2573-2583. [PMID: 31553175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lower generation PAMAM dendrimers have an immense potential for drug delivery with lower toxicity, but these dendrimers yet need certain basic ameliorations. In this study, the brain delivery potential of the synthesized PAMAM-Lf (lower generation PAMAM and lactoferrin conjugate) loaded with memantine (MEM) was explored and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the disease-induced mouse model. The developed nanoscaffolds were characterized for size, zeta potential and in vitro release. Increase in the average size from 11.54 ± 0.91 to 131.72 ± 4.73 nm, respectively, was observed for drug-loaded PAMAM (i.e., PAMAM-MEM) and PAMAM-Lf (i.e., MEM-PAMAM-Lf). Release profile of MEM from MEM-PAMAM-Lf was slow and sustained up to 48 h. In vivo biodistribution in the Sprague-Dawley rat model revealed that the brain uptake of MEM-PAMAM-Lf was significantly higher than that of MEM alone. The behavioral response study in the healthy rats did not result in any significant changes. The in vivo study in an AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's (AD) mice model showed a significant improvement in behavioral responses. Optical density, which reflects the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, was highest in the AL group 0.16 ± 0.01 (higher than the CON group, 0.09 ± 0.02; p < 0.05). No significant suppression of AChE activity was recorded in all the other treated groups. Similarly, the DOPAmine and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were unaffected by the developed formulations. The study reported improved brain bioavailability of MEM in AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's mice leading to improved memory, with the resultant mechanism behind in a descriptive manner. This study is among the preliminary studies reporting the memory improvement aspect of PAMAM-Lf conjugates for MEM in AlCl3-AD induced mice. The formulation developed was beneficial in AD-induced mice and had a significant impact on the memory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Kohka Road , Kurud, Bhilai , Chhattisgarh 490024 , India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Kohka Road , Kurud, Bhilai , Chhattisgarh 490024 , India
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics , Assam University , Silchar , Assam 788011 , India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics , Assam University , Silchar , Assam 788011 , India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Bandarsindri, Ajmer , Rajasthan 305817 India
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19
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Puhl DL, D'Amato AR, Gilbert RJ. Challenges of gene delivery to the central nervous system and the growing use of biomaterial vectors. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:216-230. [PMID: 31173859 PMCID: PMC8284997 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising form of treatment for those suffering from neurological disorders or central nervous system (CNS) injury, however, obstacles remain that limit its translational potential. The CNS is protected by the blood brain barrier, and this barrier blocks genes from traversing into the CNS if administered outside of the CNS. Viral and non-viral gene delivery vehicles, commonly referred to as vectors, are modified to enhance delivery efficiency to target locations in the CNS. Still, there are few gene therapy approaches approved by the FDA for CNS disease or injury treatment. The lack of viable clinical approaches is due, in part, to the unpredictable nature of many vector systems. In particular, safety concerns exist with the use of viral vectors for CNS gene delivery. To seek some alternatives to viral vectors, development of new non-viral, biomaterial vectors is occurring at a rapid rate. This review discusses the challenges of delivering various forms of genetic material to the CNS, the use and limitations of current viral vector delivery systems, and the use of non-viral, biomaterial vectors for CNS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan L Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States.
| | - Anthony R D'Amato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States.
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, New York, 12180, United States.
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20
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Ge D, Du Q, Ran B, Liu X, Wang X, Ma X, Cheng F, Sun B. The neurotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4167-4186. [PMID: 31239675 PMCID: PMC6559249 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s203352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been widely used in various fields due to their novel physicochemical properties. However, the use of ENMs has led to an increased exposure in humans, and the safety of ENMs has attracted much attention. It is universally acknowledged that ENMs could enter the human body via different routes, eg, inhalation, skin contact, and intravenous injection. Studies have proven that ENMs can cross or bypass the blood-brain barrier and then access the central nervous system and cause neurotoxicity. Until now, diverse in vivo and in vitro models have been developed to evaluate the neurotoxicity of ENMs, and oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and cell death have been identified as being involved. However, due to various physicochemical properties of ENMs and diverse study models in existing studies, it remains challenging to establish the structure-activity relationship of nanomaterials in neurotoxicity. In this paper, we aimed to review current studies on ENM-induced neurotoxicity, with an emphasis on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. We hope to provide a rational material design strategy for ENMs when they are applied in biomedical or other engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Furtado D, Björnmalm M, Ayton S, Bush AI, Kempe K, Caruso F. Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Role of Nanomaterials in Treating Neurological Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801362. [PMID: 30066406 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapies directed toward the central nervous system remain difficult to translate into improved clinical outcomes. This is largely due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), arguably the most tightly regulated interface in the human body, which routinely excludes most therapeutics. Advances in the engineering of nanomaterials and their application in biomedicine (i.e., nanomedicine) are enabling new strategies that have the potential to help improve our understanding and treatment of neurological diseases. Herein, the various mechanisms by which therapeutics can be delivered to the brain are examined and key challenges facing translation of this research from benchtop to bedside are highlighted. Following a contextual overview of the BBB anatomy and physiology in both healthy and diseased states, relevant therapeutic strategies for bypassing and crossing the BBB are discussed. The focus here is especially on nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems and the potential of these to overcome the biological challenges imposed by the BBB. Finally, disease-targeting strategies and clearance mechanisms are explored. The objective is to provide the diverse range of researchers active in the field (e.g., material scientists, chemists, engineers, neuroscientists, and clinicians) with an easily accessible guide to the key opportunities and challenges currently facing the nanomaterial-mediated treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denzil Furtado
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Cooperative Research Center for Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Pan L, Zhou J, Ju F, Zhu H. Intranasal delivery of α-asarone to the brain with lactoferrin-modified mPEG-PLA nanoparticles prepared by premix membrane emulsification. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:83-96. [PMID: 29134552 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-asarone is a bioactive component of Acorus tatarincuii Schott with low bioavailability, which is often used for treatments of various brain diseases in clinical setting. This study was to formulate biodegradable methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (mPEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) surface-modified by lactoferrin (Lf), for delivering α-asarone into the brain following intranasal administration. Alpha-asarone NPs were prepared by premix membrane emulsification. The relative parameters were optimized by a Box-Behnken experimental design. The particle size, zeta potential, and dispersibility index of NPs and Lf-NPs were characterized. Their ex vivo permeation, pharmacokinetics, distribution in the brain and other tissue, brain targeting, and toxicity were investigated. Following intranasal administration, Lf-NPs had a better permeability and no significant poor bioavailability compared to NPs; the area under curve from 0 to 12 h of α-asarone in Lf-NPs of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, olfactory bundles, and thalamus were 2.14-, 4.17-, 3.62-, and 1.96-fold of those in NP group, respectively. Lactoferrin could enhance the efficacy of brain targeting with NPs and reduce its liver accumulation. Toxicity of NPs on nasal mucosal cilia and epithelial cells was also decreased by Lf. To summarize, these results demonstrate that Lf-NPs of α-asarone have potential as a carrier for nose-to-brain delivery of α-asarone for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmei Pan
- Separation Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ju
- Separation Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Separation Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed F, Kumari S, Kondapi AK. Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity, Safety and Biodistribution of Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles for the Management of Colon Adenocarcinoma: an In Vitro and an In Vivo Study. Pharm Res 2018; 35:178. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumari S, Kondapi AK. Receptor-mediated targeted delivery of DNA using Lactoferrin nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:401-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Luo Z, Jin K, Pang Q, Shen S, Yan Z, Jiang T, Zhu X, Yu L, Pang Z, Jiang X. On-Demand Drug Release from Dual-Targeting Small Nanoparticles Triggered by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhanced Glioblastoma-Targeting Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31612-31625. [PMID: 28861994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most challenging and intractable tumors with the difficult treatment and poor prognosis. Unsatisfactory traditional systemic chemotherapies for glioblastoma are mainly attributed to the insufficient and nonspecific drug delivery into the brain tumors as well as the incomplete drug release at the tumor sites. Inspired by the facts that angiopep-2 peptide is an acknowledged dual-targeting moiety for brain tumor-targeting delivery and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an ideal trigger for drug release with an ultrahigh energy and millimeter-sized focus ability, in the present study, a novel HIFU-responsive angiopep-2-modified small poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) hybrid nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery system holding doxorubicin/perfluorooctyl bromide (ANP-D/P) was designed to increase the intratumoral drug accumulation, further trigger on-demand drug release at the glioblastoma sites, and enhance glioblastoma therapy. It was shown that the ANP-D/P was stable and had a small size of 41 nm. The angiopep-2 modification endowed the ANP-D/P with improved blood-brain barrier transportation and specific accumulation in glioblastoma tissues by 17 folds and 13.4 folds compared with unmodified NPs, respectively. Under HIFU irradiation, the ANP-D/P could release 47% of the drug within 2 min and induce the apoptosis of most tumor cells. HIFU-triggered instantaneous drug release at the glioblastoma sites eventually enabled the ANP-D/P to achieve the strongest antiglioblastoma efficacy with the longest median survival time (56 days) of glioblastoma-bearing mice and the minimum vestiges of tumor cells in the pathological slices among all groups. In conclusion, the HIFU-responsive ANP-D/P in this study provided a new way for glioblastoma therapy with a great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimiao Luo
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qiang Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shun Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University , 826 N. Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Brain-Targeted Polymers for Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Brain Diseases. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:48. [PMID: 28397188 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies have become a promising strategy for treating neurological disorders, such as brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, with the help of molecular biology interpreting the underlying pathological mechanisms. Successful cellular manipulation against these diseases requires efficient delivery of nucleic acids into brain and further into specific neurons or cancer cells. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral polymeric carriers provide a safer and more flexible way of gene delivery, although suffering from significantly lower transfection efficiency. Researchers have been devoted to solving this defect, which is attributed to the multiple barriers existing for gene therapeutics in vivo, such as systemic degradation, blood-brain barrier, and endosome trapping. This review will be mainly focused on systemically administrated brain-targeted polymers developed so far, including PEI, dendrimers, and synthetic polymers with various functions. We will discuss in detail how they are designed to overcome these barriers and how they efficiently deliver therapeutic nucleic acids into targeted cells.
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Fang F, Zou D, Wang W, Yin Y, Yin T, Hao S, Wang B, Wang G, Wang Y. Non-invasive approaches for drug delivery to the brain based on the receptor mediated transport. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1316-1327. [PMID: 28482500 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents entry of toxic compounds into brain for preserving homeostasis. However, the BBB also strictly limits influx of most therapeutic agents into the brain. One promising method for overcoming this problem to deliver drugs is receptor mediated transport (RMT) system, which employs the vesicular trafficking machinery to transport substrates across the BBB endothelium in a noninvasive manner. The conjugates of drug or drug-loaded vector linked with appropriate ligands specifically binds to the endogenous targeting receptor on the surface of the endothelial cells. Then drugs could enter the cell body by means of transcytosis and eventual releasing into the brain parenchyma. Over the past 20years, there have been significant developments of RMT targeting strategies. Here, we will review the recent advance of various promising RMT systems and discuss the capability of these approaches for drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China.
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28
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Goulatis LI, Shusta EV. Protein engineering approaches for regulating blood-brain barrier transcytosis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 45:109-115. [PMID: 28040636 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) presents a challenge for the delivery of brain therapeutics. Trans-BBB delivery methods that use targeting vectors to coopt the vesicle trafficking machinery of BBB endothelial cells have been developed, but these are often hampered by limited flux through the BBB. A solution to this problem lies in the semi-rational engineering of BBB targeting vectors. Leveraging knowledge of intracellular trafficking, researchers have begun to tune selected binding properties of the vector-receptor interaction. Engineered binding affinity, avidity and pH-sensitivity have been shown to affect binding, intracellular sorting and release, ultimately leading to increased brain uptake of the targeting vector and its associated cargo. However, each targeted receptor may exhibit differential responses to engineered binding properties, illustrating the need to better understand vector-receptor interactions and trafficking dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas I Goulatis
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Eric V Shusta
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
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29
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI. In vitro screening of nanomedicines through the blood brain barrier: A critical review. Biomaterials 2016; 103:229-255. [PMID: 27392291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier accounts for the high attrition rate of the treatments of most brain disorders, which therefore remain one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty first century. Against this background of hindrance to brain delivery, nanomedicine takes advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials to provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging or therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, to prevent later failure due to ineffective drug levels at the target site, researchers have been endeavoring to develop a battery of in vitro screening procedures that can predict earlier in the drug discovery process the ability of these cutting-edge drug delivery platforms to cross the blood-brain barrier for biomedical purposes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the currently available in vitro blood-brain barrier models (both cell-based and non-cell-based) with the focus on their suitability for understanding the biological brain distribution of forthcoming nanomedicines. The relationship between experimental factors and underlying physiological assumptions that would ultimately lead to a more predictive capacity of their in vivo performance, and those methods already assayed for the evaluation of the brain distribution of nanomedicines are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Tomitaka A, Arami H, Gandhi S, Krishnan KM. Lactoferrin conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for targeting brain glioma cells in magnetic particle imaging. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16890-8. [PMID: 26412614 PMCID: PMC4626448 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new real-time imaging modality, which promises high tracer mass sensitivity and spatial resolution directly generated from iron oxide nanoparticles. In this study, monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles with median core diameters ranging from 14 to 26 nm were synthesized and their surface was conjugated with lactoferrin to convert them into brain glioma targeting agents. The conjugation was confirmed with the increase of the hydrodynamic diameters, change of zeta potential, and Bradford assay. Magnetic particle spectrometry (MPS), performed to evaluate the MPI performance of these nanoparticles, showed no change in signal after lactoferrin conjugation to nanoparticles for all core diameters, suggesting that the MPI signal is dominated by Néel relaxation and thus independent of hydrodynamic size difference or presence of coating molecules before and after conjugations. For this range of core sizes (14-26 nm), both MPS signal intensity and spatial resolution improved with increasing core diameter of nanoparticles. The lactoferrin conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles (Lf-IONPs) showed specific cellular internalization into C6 cells with a 5-fold increase in MPS signal compared to IONPs without lactoferrin, both after 24 h incubation. These results suggest that Lf-IONPs can be used as tracers for targeted brain glioma imaging using MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Tomitaka
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120, USA.
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31
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Somani S, Dufès C. Applications of dendrimers for brain delivery and cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2403-14. [PMID: 25413857 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are emerging as potential nonviral vectors for the efficient delivery of drugs and nucleic acids to the brain and cancer cells. These polymers are highly branched, 3D macromolecules with modifiable surface functionalities and available internal cavities that make them attractive as delivery systems for drug and gene delivery applications. This article highlights the recent therapeutic advances resulting from the use of dendrimers for brain targeting and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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32
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Zolotarskaya OY, Xu L, Valerie K, Yang H. Click synthesis of a polyamidoamine dendrimer-based camptothecin prodrug. RSC Adv 2015; 5:58600-58608. [PMID: 26640689 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we report on the click synthesis of a new camptothecin (CPT) prodrug based on anionic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer intended for cancer therapy. We applied 'click' chemistry to improve polymer-drug coupling reaction efficiency. Specifically, CPT was functionalized with a spacer, 1-azido-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaoctadecan-18-oic acid (APO), via EDC/DMAP coupling reaction. In parallel, propargylamine (PPA) and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) amine were conjugated to PAMAM dendrimer G4.5 in sequence using an effective coupling agent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM). CPT-APO was then coupled to PEGylated PAMAM dendrimer G4.5-PPA via a click reaction using copper bromide/2,2'-bipyridine/ dimethyl sulfoxide (catalyst/ligand/solvent). Human glioma cells were exposed to the CPT-conjugate to determine toxicity and cell cycle effects using WST-1 assay and flow cytometry. The CPT-conjugate displayed a dose-dependent toxicity with an IC50 of 5 μM, a 185-fold increase relative to free CPT, presumably as a result of slow release. As expected, conjugated CPT resulted in G2/M arrest and cell death while the dendrimer itself had little to no toxicity. Altogether, highly efficient click chemistry allows for the synthesis of multifunctional dendrimers for sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Zolotarskaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Leyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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33
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Zarebkohan A, Najafi F, Moghimi HR, Hemmati M, Deevband MR, Kazemi B. Synthesis and characterization of a PAMAM dendrimer nanocarrier functionalized by SRL peptide for targeted gene delivery to the brain. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:19-30. [PMID: 26118442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier inhibits most of drugs and genetic materials from reaching the brain. So, developing high efficiency carriers for gene and drug delivery to the brain, is the challenging area in pharmaceutical sciences. This investigation aimed to target DNA to brain using Serine-Arginine-Leucine (SRL) functionalized PAMAM dendrimers as a novel gene delivery system. The SRL peptide was linked on G4 PAMAM dendrimers using bifunctional PEG. DNA was then loaded in these functionalized nanoparticles and their physicochemical properties and cellular uptake/distribution evaluated by AFM, NMR, FTIR and fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Also, biodistribution and brain localization of nanoparticles were studied after IV injection of nanoparticles into rat tail. Unmodified nanoparticles were used as control in all evaluations. In vitro studies showed that SRL-modified nanoparticles have good transfection efficacy and low toxicity. Results also showed that SRL is a LRP ligand and SRL-modified nanoparticles internalized by clathrin/caveolin energy-dependent endocytosis to brain capillary endothelial cells. After intravenous administration, the SRL-modified nanoparticles were able to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain parenchyma. Our result showed that, SRL-modified nanoparticles provide a safe and effective nanocarrier for brain gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zarebkohan
- Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hemmati
- Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Deevband
- Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Kanwar JR, Roy K, Patel Y, Zhou SF, Singh MR, Singh D, Nasir M, Sehgal R, Sehgal A, Singh RS, Garg S, Kanwar RK. Multifunctional iron bound lactoferrin and nanomedicinal approaches to enhance its bioactive functions. Molecules 2015; 20:9703-31. [PMID: 26016555 PMCID: PMC6272382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding protein from the transferrin family has been reported to have numerous functions. Even though Lf was first isolated from milk, it is also found in most exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity reports on lactoferrin identified its significance in host defense against infection and extreme inflammation. Anticarcinogenic reports on lactoferrin make this protein even more valuable. This review is focused on the structural configuration of iron-containing and iron-free forms of lactoferrin obtained from different sources such as goat, camel and bovine. Apart for emphasizing on the specific beneficial properties of lactoferrin from each of these sources, the general antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of lactoferrin are discussed here. Implementation of nanomedicinial strategies that enhance the bioactive function of lactoferrin are also discussed, along with information on lactoferrin in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Yogesh Patel
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Alka Sehgal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh 160031, India.
| | - Ram Sarup Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Rupinder K Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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35
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Chang H, Cheng Y. Surface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5274-300. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500542t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiepin Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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36
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Kuo YC, Chen YC. Targeting delivery of etoposide to inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma multiforme using lactoferrin- and folic acid-grafted poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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In vivo delivery of siRNA to the brain by carbosilane dendrimer. J Control Release 2015; 200:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration and glioma therapy mediated by a new peptide modified gene delivery system. Biomaterials 2015; 37:345-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Nanoparticles and the blood-brain barrier: advancing from in-vitro models towards therapeutic significance. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1161-85. [PMID: 25446769 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique cell-based restrictive barrier that prevents the entry of many substances, including most therapeutics, into the central nervous system. A wide range of nanoparticulate delivery systems have been investigated with the aim of targeting therapeutics (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins) to the brain following administration by various routes. This review provides a comprehensive description of the design and formulation of these nanoparticles including the rationale behind individual approaches. In addition, the ability of currently available in-vitro BBB models to accurately predict the in-vivo performance of targeted nanoparticles is critically assessed.
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Wu X, Tai Z, Zhu Q, Fan W, Ding B, Zhang W, Zhang L, Yao C, Wang X, Ding X, Li Q, Li X, Liu G, Liu J, Gao S. Study on the prostate cancer-targeting mechanism of aptamer-modified nanoparticles and their potential anticancer effect in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5431-40. [PMID: 25473281 PMCID: PMC4247134 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-mediated prostate cancer (PCa)-targeting gene delivery is one of the focuses of research in recent years. Our previous study reported the successful preparation of aptamer-modified nanoparticles (APT-NPs) in our laboratory and demonstrated their PCa-targeting ability in vitro. However, the mechanism underlying this PCa-targeting effect and their anticancer ability in vivo have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using APT-NPs to deliver micro RNA (miRNA) systemically to PCa cells, to testify their tumor-targeting efficiency, and to observe their biodistribution after systemic administration to a xenograft mouse model of PCa. In addition, the effect of APT depletion and endocytosis inhibitors on cellular uptake was also evaluated quantitatively in LNCaP cells to explore the internalization mechanism of APT-NPs. Finally, blood chemistry, and renal and liver function parameters were measured in the xenograft mouse model of PCa to see whether APT-NPs had any demonstrable toxicity in mice in vivo. The results showed that APT-NPs prolonged the survival duration of the PCa tumor-bearing mice as compared with the unmodified NPs. In addition, they had a potential PCa-targeting effect in vivo. In conclusion, this research provides a prototype for the safe and efficient delivery of miRNA expression vectors to PCa cells, which may prove useful for preclinical and clinical studies on the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The 425th Hospital of PLA, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, The 522nd Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Study and evaluation of mechanisms of dual targeting drug delivery system with tumor microenvironment assays compared with normal assays. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:858-67. [PMID: 24239900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual targeting delivery system was developed to completely conquer the two barriers that glioma treatment faces: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain-glioma barrier. Recently, a system comprising AS1411 aptamer (for glioma targeting) and TGN peptide (for BBB targeting) modified nanoparticles (AsTNPs) was developed, which can effectively target brain glioma and improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. However, the in vitro models currently used are far too different from the in vivo tumor microenvironment that the glioma targeting delivery system actually faces. In this study, the pharmacology mechanisms of AsTNPs were explored in several models that imitated the tumor microenvironment. AsTNPs can be selectively taken up by endothelial and glioma cells, effectively penetrating the BBB and brain-glioma barriers to reach glioma cells and display their anti-glioma effect. The cell monolayers, tumor spheroids and coculture systems were more suitable in vitro models for the pharmacology evaluation of targeted drug delivery systems.
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Hemmer R, Hall A, Spaulding R, Rossow B, Hester M, Caroway M, Haskamp A, Wall S, Bullen HA, Morris C, Haik KL. Analysis of biotinylated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer distribution in the rat brain and toxicity in a cellular model of the blood-brain barrier. Molecules 2013; 18:11537-52. [PMID: 24048286 PMCID: PMC6269868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly customizable nanopolymers with qualities that make them ideal for drug delivery. The high binding affinity of biotin/avidin provides a useful approach to fluorescently label synthesized dendrimer-conjugates in cells and tissues. In addition, biotin may facilitate delivery of dendrimers through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via carrier-mediated endocytosis. The purpose of this research was to: (1) measure toxicity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays of generation (G)4 biotinylated and non-biotinylated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in a co-culture model of the BBB, (2) determine distribution of dendrimers in the rat brain, kidney, and liver following systemic administration of dendrimers, and (3) conduct atomic force microscopy (AFM) on rat brain sections following systemic administration of dendrimers. LDH measurements showed that biotinylated dendrimers were toxic to cell co-culture after 48 h of treatment. Distribution studies showed evidence of biotinylated and non-biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers in brain. AFM studies showed evidence of dendrimers only in brain tissue of treated rats. These results indicate that biotinylation does not decrease toxicity associated with PAMAM dendrimers and that biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers distribute in the brain. Furthermore, this article provides evidence of nanoparticles in brain tissue following systemic administration of nanoparticles supported by both fluorescence microscopy and AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hemmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrew Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, SC 450, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (A.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Robert Spaulding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Brett Rossow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Hester
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Megan Caroway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Anthony Haskamp
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, SC 450, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (A.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Steven Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, SC 450, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (A.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Heather A. Bullen
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, SC 450, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (A.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Celeste Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, SC 450, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (A.H.); (S.W.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.L.H.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-859-572-1965 (K.L.H.); Fax: +1-859-572-5639(K.L.H.); Tel.: +1-859-572-5406 (C.M.); Fax: +1-859-572-5162 (C.M.)
| | - Kristi L. Haik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 204, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; E-Mails: (R.H.); (A.H.); (R.S.); (B.R.); (M.H.); (M.C.)
- Center for Integrative Natural Science and Mathematics (CINSAM), Northern Kentucky University, FH 519, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.L.H.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-859-572-1965 (K.L.H.); Fax: +1-859-572-5639(K.L.H.); Tel.: +1-859-572-5406 (C.M.); Fax: +1-859-572-5162 (C.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Shcharbina
- Republican Research and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, Belarus
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Drug delivery to the brain via the blood-brain barrier: a review of the literature and some recent patent disclosures. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:311-27. [PMID: 22834002 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the brain is challenging, not only for large biopharmaceutical molecules, but also for small organics, which are effluxed from the brain capillary endothelial cells. These cells constitute, in part, the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier. Progress is being made using delivery systems comprising a vector, a linker and cargo, which are purported to enter the brain via receptors on the luminal surface of the brain capillary endothelial cells. Unfortunately, from a delivery perspective, these receptors are not expressed only on brain capillary endothelial cells; so the approaches described in this review are for enhanced delivery to the brain, not for specific brain targeting. The inventions disclosed in patents relate to technologies to screen for new blood-brain barrier receptors and to identify new vectors, or describe systems that deliver cargoes to the brain via any blood-brain barrier receptor, or define specified peptide vectors that target a specific receptor. To date, only one of the technologies has reached early clinical trials and, as always, major challenges remain to be addressed.
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46
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Polymeric nanocarriers for controlled and enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents to the CNS. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:875-87. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers are versatile structures that can be engineered to obtain high drug loading, good delivery yields and tunable release kinetics. Moreover, the particle surface can be modified for selective targeting of organs or tissues. In particular, polymeric nanocarriers can be conjugated with functional groups promoting translocation through the blood–brain barrier, thus providing a promising system to deliver therapeutic agents and/or diagnostic probes to the brain. Here we review recent literature on the preparation and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles as potential agents for drug delivery to the CNS, with an emphasis on materials chemistry and functionalization strategies for improved selectivity and delivery. Finally, we underline the immunotoxicological aspects of this class of nanostructured materials in view of potential clinical applications.
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Kaminskas LM, Boyd BJ, Porter CJH. Dendrimer pharmacokinetics: the effect of size, structure and surface characteristics on ADME properties. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 6:1063-84. [PMID: 21955077 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers show increasing promise as drug-delivery vectors and can be generated with a wide range of scaffold structures, sizes and surface functionalities. To this point, the majority of studies of dendrimer-based drug-delivery systems have detailed pharmacodynamic outcomes, or have followed the pharmacokinetics of a solubilized or conjugated drug. By contrast, detailed commentary on the in vivo fate of the dendrimer carrier is less evident, even though the pharmacokinetics of the carrier will likely dictate both pharmacodynamic and toxicokinetic outcomes. In the current article, the influence of size, structure and surface functionality on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) properties of dendrimers have been examined and the implications of these findings for delivery system design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University. 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Martinez-Fong D, Bannon MJ, Trudeau LE, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Arango-Rodriguez ML, Hernandez-Chan NG, Reyes-Corona D, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Navarro-Quiroga I. NTS-Polyplex: a potential nanocarrier for neurotrophic therapy of Parkinson's disease. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1052-69. [PMID: 22406187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanomedicine has focused on targeted neurotrophic gene delivery to the brain as a strategy to stop and reverse neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Because of improved transfection ability, synthetic nanocarriers have become candidates for neurotrophic therapy. Neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex is a "Trojan horse" synthetic nanocarrier system that enters dopaminergic neurons through NTS receptor internalization to deliver a genetic cargo. The success of preclinical studies with different neurotrophic genes supports the possibility of using NTS-polyplex in nanomedicine. In this review, we describe the mechanism of NTS-polyplex transfection. We discuss the concept that an effective neurotrophic therapy requires a simultaneous effect on the axon terminals and soma of the remaining dopaminergic neurons. We also discuss the future of this strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This review paper focuses on nanomedicine-based treatment of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative condition with existing symptomatic but no curative treatment. Neurotensin-polyplex is a synthetic nanocarrier system that enables delivery of genetic cargo to dopaminergic neurons via NTS receptor internalization.
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Sun L, Wang L, Jiang M, Huang J, Lin H. Glycogen debranching enzyme 6 (AGL), enolase 1 (ENOSF1), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (ENPP2_1), glutathione S-transferase 3 (GSTM3_3) and mannosidase (MAN2B2) metabolism computational network analysis between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:493-505. [PMID: 21735130 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified significantly higher expression of the genes glycogen debranching enzyme 6 (AGL), enolase 1 (ENOSF1), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (ENPP2_1), glutathione S-transferase 3 (GSTM3_3) and mannosidase (MAN2B2) from human left cerebrums versus chimpanzees. Yet the distinct low- and high-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism networks between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum remain to be elucidated. Here, we constructed low- and high-expression activated and inhibited upstream and downstream AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum in GEO data set by gene regulatory network inference method based on linear programming and decomposition procedure, under covering AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 pathway and matching metabolism enrichment analysis by CapitalBio MAS 3.0 integration of public databases, including Gene Ontology, KEGG, BioCarta, GenMapp, Intact, UniGene, OMIM, etc. Our results show that the AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network has more activated and less inhibited molecules in chimpanzee, but less activated and more inhibited in the human left cerebrum. We inferred stronger carbohydrate, glutathione and proteoglycan metabolism, ATPase activity, but weaker base excision repair, arachidonic acid and drug metabolism as a result of inducing cell growth in low-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network of chimpanzee left cerebrum; whereas stronger lipid metabolism, amino acid catabolism, DNA repair but weaker inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glutathione and carbohydrate metabolism as a result of inducing cell differentiation in high-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network of human left cerebrum. Our inferences are consistent with recent reports and computational activation and inhibition gene number patterns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Sun
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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Kenzaoui BH, Bernasconi CC, Hofmann H, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Evaluation of uptake and transport of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by human brain-derived endothelial cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:39-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-NPs) are under development for imaging and drug delivery; however, their interaction with human blood–brain barrier models is not known. Materials & Methods: The uptake, reactive oxygen species production and transport of USPIO-NPs across human brain-derived endothelial cells as models of the blood–brain tumor barrier were evaluated for either uncoated, oleic acid-coated or polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs. Results: Reactive oxygen species production was observed for oleic acid-coated and polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs. The uptake and intracellular localization of the iron oxide core of the USPIO-NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. However, while the uptake of these USPIO-NPs by cells was observed, they were neither released by nor transported across these cells even in the presence of an external dynamic magnetic field. Conclusion: USPIO-NP-loaded filopodia were observed to invade the polyester membrane, suggesting that they can be transported by migrating angiogenic brain-derived endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda Kenzaoui
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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