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Potez M, Rome C, Lemasson B, Heemeryck P, Laissue JA, Stupar V, Mathieu H, Collomb N, Barbier EL, Djonov V, Bouchet A. Microbeam Radiation Therapy Opens a Several Days' Vessel Permeability Window for Small Molecules in Brain Tumor Vessels. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:1506-1516. [PMID: 38373658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), based on an inhomogeneous geometric and microscopic irradiation pattern of the tissues with high-dose and high-dose-rate x-rays, enhances the permeability of brain tumor vessels. This study attempted to determine the time and size range of the permeability window induced by MRT in the blood-brain (tumor) barrier. METHODS AND MATERIALS Rats-bearing 9L gliomas were exposed to MRT, either unidirectional (tumor dose, 406 Gy) or bidirectional (crossfired) (2 × 203 Gy). We measured vessel permeability to molecules of 3 sizes (Gd-DOTA, Dotarem, 0.56 kDa; gadolinium-labeled albumin, ∼74 kDa; and gadolinium-labeled IgG, 160 kDa) by daily in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, from 1 day before to 10 days after irradiation. RESULTS An equivalent tumor dose of bidirectional MRT delivered from 2 orthogonal directions increased tumor vessel permeability for the smallest molecule tested more effectively than unidirectional MRT. Bidirectional MRT also affected the permeability of normal contralateral vessels to a different extent than unidirectional MRT. Conversely, bidirectional MRT did not modify the permeability of normal or tumor vessels for both larger molecules (74 and 160 kDa). CONCLUSIONS High-dose bidirectional (cross-fired) MRT induced a significant increase in tumor vessel permeability for small molecules between the first and the seventh day after irradiation, whereas permeability of vessels in normal brain tissue remained stable. Such a permeability window could facilitate an efficient and safe delivery of intravenous small molecules (≤0.56 kDa) to tumoral tissues. A permeability window was not achieved by molecules larger than gado-grafted albumin (74 kDa). Vascular permeability for molecules between these 2 sizes has not been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, Group Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claire Rome
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Benjamin Lemasson
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Pierre Heemeryck
- Inserm U1296 "Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment," Lyon, France
| | | | - Vasile Stupar
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Mathieu
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Nora Collomb
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, Grenoble, France.
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, Group Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- Institute of Anatomy, Group Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Inserm U1296 "Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment," Lyon, France.
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Lipophilic dye-compatible brain clearing technique allowing correlative magnetic resonance/high-resolution fluorescence imaging in rat models of glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17974. [PMID: 33087842 PMCID: PMC7578790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we optimized a novel approach for combining in vivo MRI and ex vivo high-resolution fluorescence microscopy that involves: (i) a method for slicing rat brain tissue into sections with the same thickness and spatial orientation as in in vivo MRI, to better correlate in vivo MRI analyses with ex-vivo imaging via scanning confocal microscope and (ii) an improved clearing protocol compatible with lipophilic dyes that highlight the neurovascular network, to obtain high tissue transparency while preserving tissue staining and morphology with no significant tissue shrinkage or expansion. We applied this methodology in two rat models of glioblastoma (GBM; U87 human glioma cells and patient-derived human glioblastoma cancer stem cells) to demonstrate how vital the information retrieved from the correlation between MRI and confocal images is and to highlight how the increased invasiveness of xenografts derived from cancer stem cells may not be clearly detected by standard in vivo MRI approaches. The protocol studied in this work could be implemented in pre-clinical GBM research to further the development and validation of more predictive and translatable MR imaging protocols that can be used as critical diagnostic and prognostic tools. The development of this protocol is part of the quest for more efficacious treatment approaches for this devastating and still uncurable disease. In particular, this approach could be instrumental in validating novel MRI-based techniques to assess cellular infiltration beyond the macroscopic tumor margins and to quantify neo-angiogenesis.
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Marinković I, Tatlisumak T, Abo-Ramadan U, Brkić BG, Aksić M, Marinković S. A basic MRI anatomy of the rat brain in coronal sections for practical guidance to neuroscientists. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147021. [PMID: 32755602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the brain structures in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the rat is very important for the experimental work of many neuroscientists. Our intention was to recognize most of the structures without overlapping the MRI sections with the histological templates. Three live rats were used for this study who were examined in a micro-MRI apparatus by performing T2-weighted sequences in serial brain sections. Most of the white matter structures were easily identified, e.g. the anterior commissure, corpus callosum with forceps minor and major, cingulum, external and internal capsules, fornix, stria medullaris and terminalis, cranial nerves, mammillothalamic tract, fasciculus retroflexus, medial and lateral lemniscus, posterior commissure, commissures of the superior and inferior colliculi, medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the cerebral peduncle. Large and small gray matter structures were recognized as well, for example, the anterior olfactory structures, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, claustrum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, pituitary gland, globus pallidus, amygdala, some midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, certain hypothalamic nuclei, hippocampal formation, pineal body, periaqueductal gray matter, lateral and medial geniculate bodies, superior and inferior colliculi, and cranial nerves nuclei. All in all, of the total 160 recognized brain structures, 77 were identified without using the corresponding histological atlases. We believe that our labeled MRI pictures could be an important way for quick orientation for evaluating the effects of the experimental work regarding the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marinković
- Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Plan 3, Sahlgrenska 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 7, Plan 3, Sahlgrenska 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Usama Abo-Ramadan
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, University of Helsinki, Tietotie 4E, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Milan Aksić
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Marinković
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Locomotion and eating behavior changes in Yucatan minipigs after unilateral radio-induced ablation of the caudate nucleus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17082. [PMID: 31745153 PMCID: PMC6863900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional roles of the Caudate nucleus (Cd) are well known. Selective Cd lesions can be found in neurological disorders. However, little is known about the dynamics of the behavioral changes during progressive Cd ablation. Current stereotactic radiosurgery technologies allow the progressive ablation of a brain region with limited adverse effects in surrounding normal tissues. This could be of high interest for the study of the modified behavioral functions in relation with the degree of impairment of the brain structures. Using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy combined with synchrotron microbeam radiation, we investigated, during one year after irradiation, the effects of unilateral radio-ablation of the right Cd on the behavior of Yucatan minipigs. The right Cd was irradiated to a minimal dose of 35.5 Gy delivered in three fractions. MRI-based morphological brain integrity and behavioral functions, i.e. locomotion, motivation/hedonism were assessed. We detected a progressive radio-necrosis leading to a quasi-total ablation one year after irradiation, with an additional alteration of surrounding areas. Transitory changes in the motivation/hedonism were firstly detected, then on locomotion, suggesting the influence of different compensatory mechanisms depending on the functions related to Cd and possibly some surrounding areas. We concluded that early behavioral changes related to eating functions are relevant markers for the early detection of ongoing lesions occurring in Cd-related neurological disorders.
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Al-Mubarak H, Vallatos A, Gallagher L, Birch JL, Gilmour L, Foster JE, Chalmers AJ, Holmes WM. Stacked in-plane histology for quantitative validation of non-invasive imaging biomarkers: Application to an infiltrative brain tumour model. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 326:108372. [PMID: 31348965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is generally agreed that histopathology is the gold standard for assessing non-invasive imaging biomarkers, most validation has been by qualitative visual comparison. To date, the difficulties involved in accurately co-registering histology sections with imaging slices have prevented a voxel-by-voxel assessment of imaging modalities. By contrast with previous studies, which focus on improving the registration algorithms, we have taken the approach of improving the quality of the histological processing and analysis. NEW METHOD To account for imaging slice orientation and thickness, multiple histology sections were cut in the MR imaging plane and averaged to produce stacked in-plane histology (SIH) maps. When combined with intensity sensitive staining this approach gives histopathology maps, which can be used as the gold standard to validate imaging biomarkers. RESULTS We applied this pipeline to a patient-derived mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Increasing the number of stacked histology sections significantly increased SIH measured tumour volume. The SIH technique proposed here resulted in reduced variability of volume measurements and this allowed significant improvements in the quantitative volumetric assessment of multiple MRI modalities. Further, high quality registration enabled a voxel-wise comparison between MRI and histopathology maps. Previous approaches to the validation of imaging biomarkers with histology, have been either qualitative or of limited accuracy. Here we propose a pipeline that allows for a more accurate validation via co-registration with SIH maps, potentially allowing validation in a voxel-wise mode. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that methodically produced SIH maps facilitate the quantitative histopathologic assessment of imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Mubarak
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Misan, Iraq.
| | - A Vallatos
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - L Gallagher
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - J L Birch
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - L Gilmour
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - J E Foster
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Greater Glasgow Health Board and University of Glasgow, B15 2GW, UK.
| | - A J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - W M Holmes
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Coquery N, Serduc R, Rémy C, Barbier EL, Lemasson B. Cluster versus ROI analysis to assess combined antiangiogenic therapy and radiotherapy in the F98 rat-glioma model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3933. [PMID: 29863805 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For glioblastoma (GBM), current therapeutic approaches focus on the combination of several therapies, each of them individually approved for GBM or other tumor types. Many efforts are made to decipher the best sequence of treatments that would ultimately promote the most efficient tumor response. There is therefore a strong interest in developing new clinical in vivo imaging procedures that can rapidly detect treatment efficacy and allow individual modulation of the treatment. In this preclinical study, we propose to evaluate tumor tissue changes under combined therapies, tumor vascular normalization under antiangiogenic treatment followed by radiotherapy, using a voxel-based clustering approach. This approach was applied to a rat model of glioma (F98). Six MRI parameters were mapped: apparent diffusion coefficient, vessel wall permeability, cerebral blood volume fraction, cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygen saturation and vessel size index. We compared the classical region of interest (ROI)-based analysis with a cluster-based analysis. Five clusters, defined by their MRI features, were sufficient to characterize tumor progression and tumor changes during treatments. These results suggest that the cluster-based analysis was as efficient as the ROI-based analysis to assess tumor physiological changes during treatment, but also gave additional information regarding the voxels impacted by treatments and their localization within the tumor. Overall, cluster-based analysis appears to be a powerful tool for subtle monitoring of tumor changes during combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coquery
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
- INRA, INSERM, Université Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Raphael Serduc
- Rayonnement synchrotron et Recherche médicale, Université Grenoble Alpes, EA, Grenoble, France
| | - Chantal Rémy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Luc Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Lemasson
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
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Arnaud A, Forbes F, Coquery N, Collomb N, Lemasson B, Barbier EL. Fully Automatic Lesion Localization and Characterization: Application to Brain Tumors Using Multiparametric Quantitative MRI Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:1678-1689. [PMID: 29969418 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2794918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing brain tumors, two tasks are intrinsically linked, spatial localization, and physiological characterization of the lesioned tissues. Automated data-driven solutions exist, based on image segmentation techniques or physiological parameters analysis, but for each task separately, the other being performedmanually or with user tuning operations. In this paper, the availability of quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) parameters is combined with advancedmultivariate statistical tools to design a fully automated method that jointly performs both localization and characterization. Non trivial interactions between relevant physiologicalparameters are capturedthanks to recent generalized Student distributions that provide a larger variety of distributional shapes compared to the more standard Gaussian distributions. Probabilisticmixtures of the former distributions are then consideredto account for the different tissue types and potential heterogeneity of lesions. Discriminative multivariate features are extracted from this mixture modeling and turned into individual lesion signatures. The signatures are subsequently pooled together to build a statistical fingerprintmodel of the different lesion types that captures lesion characteristics while accounting for inter-subject variability. The potential of this generic procedure is demonstrated on a data set of 53 rats, with 36 rats bearing 4 different brain tumors, for which 5 quantitative MR parameters were acquired.
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Sanduleanu S, Woodruff HC, de Jong EE, van Timmeren JE, Jochems A, Dubois L, Lambin P. Tracking tumor biology with radiomics: A systematic review utilizing a radiomics quality score. Radiother Oncol 2018; 127:349-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Acharya UR, Hagiwara Y, Sudarshan VK, Chan WY, Ng KH. Towards precision medicine: from quantitative imaging to radiomics. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:6-24. [PMID: 29308604 PMCID: PMC5802973 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiology (imaging) and imaging-guided interventions, which provide multi-parametric morphologic and functional information, are playing an increasingly significant role in precision medicine. Radiologists are trained to understand the imaging phenotypes, transcribe those observations (phenotypes) to correlate with underlying diseases and to characterize the images. However, in order to understand and characterize the molecular phenotype (to obtain genomic information) of solid heterogeneous tumours, the advanced sequencing of those tissues using biopsy is required. Thus, radiologists image the tissues from various views and angles in order to have the complete image phenotypes, thereby acquiring a huge amount of data. Deriving meaningful details from all these radiological data becomes challenging and raises the big data issues. Therefore, interest in the application of radiomics has been growing in recent years as it has the potential to provide significant interpretive and predictive information for decision support. Radiomics is a combination of conventional computer-aided diagnosis, deep learning methods, and human skills, and thus can be used for quantitative characterization of tumour phenotypes. This paper discusses the overview of radiomics workflow, the results of various radiomics-based studies conducted using various radiological images such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET), the challenges we are facing, and the potential contribution of radiomics towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 599494, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Vidya K. Sudarshan
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Neveu MA, Joudiou N, De Preter G, Dehoux JP, Jordan BF, Gallez B. 17 O MRS assesses the effect of mild hypothermia on oxygen consumption rate in tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3726. [PMID: 28430379 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oxygen consumption is a key factor in metabolic phenotyping, its assessment in tumors remains critical, as current technologies generally display poor specificity. The objectives of this study were to explore the feasibility of direct 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess oxygen metabolism in tumors and its modulations. To investigate the impact of hypometabolism induction in the murine fibrosarcoma FSAII tumor model, we monitored the oxygen consumption of normothermic (37°C) and hypothermic (32°C) tumor-bearing mice. Hypothermic animals showed an increase in tumor pO2 (measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry) contrary to normothermic animals. This was related to a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (assessed using 17 O magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after the inhalation of 17 O2 -enriched gas). This study highlights the ability of direct 17 O MRS to measure oxygen metabolism in tumors and modulations of tumor oxygen consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Neveu
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Dehoux
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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Boisserand LSB, Lemasson B, Hirschler L, Moisan A, Hubert V, Barbier EL, Rémy C, Detante O. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging including oxygenation mapping of experimental ischaemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2196-2207. [PMID: 27466373 PMCID: PMC5464712 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16662044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in MRI methodology, such as microvascular and brain oxygenation (StO2) imaging, may prove useful in obtaining information about the severity of the acute stroke. We assessed the potential of StO2 to detect the ischaemic core in the acute phase compared to apparent diffusion coefficient and to predict the final necrosis. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 38) were imaged during acute stroke (D0) and 21 days after (D21). A multiparametric MRI protocol was performed at 4.7T to characterize brain damage within three region of interest: 'LesionD0' (diffusion), 'Mismatch' representing penumbra (perfusion/diffusion) and 'Hypoxia' (voxels < 40% of StO2 within the region of interest LesionD0). Voxel-based analysis of stroke revealed heterogeneity of the region of interest LesionD0, which included voxels with different degrees of oxygenation decrease. This finding was supported by a dramatic decrease of vascular and perfusion parameters within the region of interest hypoxia. This zone presented the lowest values of almost all parameters analysed, indicating a higher severity. Our study demonstrates the potential of StO2 magnetic resonance imaging to more accurately detect the ischaemic core without the inclusion of any reversible ischaemic damage. Our follow-up study indicates that apparent diffusion coefficient imaging overestimated the final necrosis while StO2 imaging did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Simões Braga Boisserand
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,3 CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Lemasson
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,4 Bruker Biospin, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Anaïck Moisan
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,5 Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Rhône Alpes, Saint Ismier, France
| | - Violaine Hubert
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Chantal Rémy
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Detante
- 1 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.,2 Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,6 CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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12
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Coles JA, Myburgh E, Brewer JM, McMenamin PG. Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:107-148. [PMID: 28552391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the roles of the cerebral meninges in the maintenance of normal brain function, in immune surveillance, and as a site of disease. Most basic research on the meninges and the neural brain is now done on mice, major attractions being the availability of reporter mice with fluorescent cells, and of a huge range of antibodies useful for immunocytochemistry and the characterization of isolated cells. In addition, two-photon microscopy through the unperforated calvaria allows intravital imaging of the undisturbed meninges with sub-micron resolution. The anatomy of the dorsal meninges of the mouse (and, indeed, of all mammals) differs considerably from that shown in many published diagrams: over cortical convexities, the outer layer, the dura, is usually thicker than the inner layer, the leptomeninx, and both layers are richly vascularized and innervated, and communicate with the lymphatic system. A membrane barrier separates them and, in disease, inflammation can be localized to one layer or the other, so experimentalists must be able to identify the compartment they are studying. Here, we present current knowledge of the functional anatomy of the meninges, particularly as it appears in intravital imaging, and review their role as a gateway between the brain, blood, and lymphatics, drawing on information that is scattered among works on different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Coles
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Elmarie Myburgh
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - James M Brewer
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 10 Chancellor's Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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13
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Bouchet A, Potez M, Coquery N, Rome C, Lemasson B, Bräuer-Krisch E, Rémy C, Laissue J, Barbier EL, Djonov V, Serduc R. Permeability of Brain Tumor Vessels Induced by Uniform or Spatially Microfractionated Synchrotron Radiation Therapies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:1174-1182. [PMID: 28721902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the blood-brain barrier permeability changes induced by synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT, which relies on spatial fractionation of the incident x-ray beam into parallel micron-wide beams) with changes induced by a spatially uniform synchrotron x-ray radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Male rats bearing malignant intracranial F98 gliomas were randomized into 3 groups: untreated, exposed to MRT (peak and valley dose: 241 and 10.5 Gy, respectively), or exposed to broad beam irradiation (BB) delivered at comparable doses (ie, equivalent to MRT valley dose); both applied by 2 arrays, intersecting orthogonally the tumor region. Vessel permeability was monitored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging 1 day before (T-1) and 1, 2, 7, and 14 days after treatment start. To determine whether physiologic parameters influence vascular permeability, we evaluated vessel integrity in the tumor area with different values for cerebral blood flow, blood volume, edema, and tissue oxygenation. RESULTS Microbeam radiation therapy does not modify the vascular permeability of normal brain tissue. Microbeam radiation therapy-induced increase of tumor vascular permeability was detectable from T2 with a maximum at T7 after exposure, whereas BB enhanced vessel permeability only at T7. At this stage MRT was more efficient at increasing tumor vessel permeability (BB vs untreated: +19.1%; P=.0467; MRT vs untreated: +44.8%; P<.0001), and its effects lasted until T14 (MRT vs BB, +22.6%; P=.0199). We also showed that MRT was more efficient at targeting highly oxygenated (high blood volume and flow) and more proliferative parts of the tumor than BB. CONCLUSIONS Microbeam radiation therapy-induced increased tumor vascular permeability is: (1) significantly greater; (2) earlier and more prolonged than that induced by BB irradiation, especially in highly proliferative tumor areas; and (3) targets all tumor areas discriminated by physiologic characteristics, including those not damaged by homogeneous irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bouchet
- Group Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marine Potez
- Rayonnement synchrotron et Recherche médicale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Coquery
- Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, INSERM U1216, La Tronche, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Claire Rome
- Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, INSERM U1216, La Tronche, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Benjamin Lemasson
- Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, INSERM U1216, La Tronche, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Elke Bräuer-Krisch
- Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Chantal Rémy
- Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, INSERM U1216, La Tronche, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, INSERM U1216, La Tronche, France; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France.
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Group Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Serduc
- Rayonnement synchrotron et Recherche médicale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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14
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Lemasson B, Pannetier N, Coquery N, Boisserand LSB, Collomb N, Schuff N, Moseley M, Zaharchuk G, Barbier EL, Christen T. MR Vascular Fingerprinting in Stroke and Brain Tumors Models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37071. [PMID: 27883015 PMCID: PMC5121626 DOI: 10.1038/srep37071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated an MRI fingerprinting approach (MRvF) designed to provide high-resolution parametric maps of the microvascular architecture (i.e., blood volume fraction, vessel diameter) and function (blood oxygenation) simultaneously. The method was tested in rats (n = 115), divided in 3 models: brain tumors (9 L, C6, F98), permanent stroke, and a control group of healthy animals. We showed that fingerprinting can robustly distinguish between healthy and pathological brain tissues with different behaviors in tumor and stroke models. In particular, fingerprinting revealed that C6 and F98 glioma models have similar signatures while 9 L present a distinct evolution. We also showed that it is possible to improve the results of MRvF and obtain supplemental information by changing the numerical representation of the vascular network. Finally, good agreement was found between MRvF and conventional MR approaches in healthy tissues and in the C6, F98, and permanent stroke models. For the 9 L glioma model, fingerprinting showed blood oxygenation measurements that contradict results obtained with a quantitative BOLD approach. In conclusion, MR vascular fingerprinting seems to be an efficient technique to study microvascular properties in vivo. Multiple technical improvements are feasible and might improve diagnosis and management of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lemasson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N Pannetier
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Centrer, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Coquery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ligia S B Boisserand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nora Collomb
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N Schuff
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Centrer, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Moseley
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - G Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E L Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Christen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Boult JKR, Borri M, Jury A, Popov S, Box G, Perryman L, Eccles SA, Jones C, Robinson SP. Investigating intracranial tumour growth patterns with multiparametric MRI incorporating Gd-DTPA and USPIO-enhanced imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1608-1617. [PMID: 27671990 PMCID: PMC5082561 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High grade and metastatic brain tumours exhibit considerable spatial variations in proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, necrosis and oedema. Vascular heterogeneity arising from vascular co-option in regions of invasive growth (in which the blood-brain barrier remains intact) and neoangiogenesis is a major challenge faced in the assessment of brain tumours by conventional MRI. A multiparametric MRI approach, incorporating native measurements and both Gd-DTPA (Magnevist) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (P904)-enhanced imaging, was used in combination with histogram and unsupervised cluster analysis using a k-means algorithm to examine the spatial distribution of vascular parameters, water diffusion characteristics and invasion in intracranially propagated rat RG2 gliomas and human MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 breast adenocarcinomas in mice. Both tumour models presented with higher ΔR1 (the change in transverse relaxation rate R1 induced by Gd-DTPA), fractional blood volume (fBV) and apparent diffusion coefficient than uninvolved regions of the brain. MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 tumours were less densely cellular than RG2 tumours and exhibited substantial local invasion, associated with oedema, whereas invasion in RG2 tumours was minimal. These additional features were reflected in the more heterogeneous appearance of MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 tumours on T2 -weighted images and maps of functional MRI parameters. Unsupervised cluster analysis separated subregions with distinct functional properties; areas with a low fBV and relatively impermeable blood vessels (low ΔR1 ) were predominantly located at the tumour margins, regions of MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 tumours with relatively high levels of water diffusion and low vascular permeability and/or fBV corresponded to histologically identified regions of invasion and oedema, and areas of mismatch between vascular permeability and blood volume were identified. We demonstrate that dual contrast MRI and evaluation of tissue diffusion properties, coupled with cluster analysis, allows for the assessment of heterogeneity within invasive brain tumours and the designation of functionally diverse subregions that may provide more informative predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K R Boult
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Marco Borri
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Alexa Jury
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sergey Popov
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gary Box
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lara Perryman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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16
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Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6810562. [PMID: 27274738 PMCID: PMC4870368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6810562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an important health issue corresponding to the second cause of mortality and first cause of severe disability with no effective treatments after the first hours of onset. Regenerative approaches such as cell therapy provide an increase in endogenous brain structural plasticity but they are not enough to promote a complete recovery. Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds, or a mix of both with the aim of providing polymers with specific properties. The mechanical properties of biomaterials can be exquisitely regulated forming polymers with different stiffness, modifiable physical state that polymerizes in situ, or small particles encapsulating cells or growth factors. The choice of biomaterial compounds should be adapted for the different applications, structure target, and delay of administration. Biocompatibilities with embedded cells and with the host tissue and biodegradation rate must be considerate. In this paper, we review the different applications of biomaterials combined with cell therapy in ischemic stroke and we explore specific features such as choice of biomaterial compounds and physical and mechanical properties concerning the recent studies in experimental stroke.
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17
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Herrmann K, Erokwu BO, Johansen ML, Basilion JP, Gulani V, Griswold MA, Flask CA, Brady-Kalnay SM. Dynamic Quantitative T1 Mapping in Orthotopic Brain Tumor Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:147-154. [PMID: 27084431 PMCID: PMC4833967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain tumors such as glioblastomas are typically detected using conventional, nonquantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as T2-weighted and contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI. In this manuscript, we tested whether dynamic quantitative T1 mapping by MRI can localize orthotopic glioma tumors in an objective manner. Quantitative T1 mapping was performed by MRI over multiple time points using the conventional contrast agent Optimark. We compared signal differences to determine the gadolinium concentration in tissues over time. The T1 parametric maps made it easy to identify the regions of contrast enhancement and thus tumor location. Doubling the typical human dose of contrast agent resulted in a clearer demarcation of these tumors. Therefore, T1 mapping of brain tumors is gadolinium dose dependent and improves detection of tumors by MRI. The use of T1 maps provides a quantitative means to evaluate tumor detection by gadolinium-based contrast agents over time. This dynamic quantitative T1 mapping technique will also enable future quantitative evaluation of various targeted MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Herrmann
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mette L Johansen
- Department of, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA.
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging at CWRU.
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA.
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18
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Rodenas-Cuadrado P, Chen XS, Wiegrebe L, Firzlaff U, Vernes SC. A novel approach identifies the first transcriptome networks in bats: a new genetic model for vocal communication. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:836. [PMID: 26490347 PMCID: PMC4618519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bats are able to employ an astonishingly complex vocal repertoire for navigating their environment and conveying social information. A handful of species also show evidence for vocal learning, an extremely rare ability shared only with humans and few other animals. However, despite their potential for the study of vocal communication, bats remain severely understudied at a molecular level. To address this fundamental gap we performed the first transcriptome profiling and genetic interrogation of molecular networks in the brain of a highly vocal bat species, Phyllostomus discolor. RESULTS Gene network analysis typically needs large sample sizes for correct clustering, this can be prohibitive where samples are limited, such as in this study. To overcome this, we developed a novel bioinformatics methodology for identifying robust co-expression gene networks using few samples (N=6). Using this approach, we identified tissue-specific functional gene networks from the bat PAG, a brain region fundamental for mammalian vocalisation. The most highly connected network identified represented a cluster of genes involved in glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Glutamatergic receptors play a significant role in vocalisation from the PAG, suggesting that this gene network may be mechanistically important for vocal-motor control in mammals. CONCLUSION We have developed an innovative approach to cluster co-expressing gene networks and show that it is highly effective in detecting robust functional gene networks with limited sample sizes. Moreover, this work represents the first gene network analysis performed in a bat brain and establishes bats as a novel, tractable model system for understanding the genetics of vocal mammalian communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodenas-Cuadrado
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, 6525 XD, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaowei Sylvia Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, 6525 XD, The Netherlands.
| | - Lutz Wiegrebe
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Großhaderner Straße 2, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, D-82152, Germany.
| | - Uwe Firzlaff
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, TU München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 4, Freising-Weihenstephan, Munich, 85350, Germany.
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, 6525 XD, The Netherlands. .,Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands.
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19
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Val-Laillet D, Aarts E, Weber B, Ferrari M, Quaresima V, Stoeckel L, Alonso-Alonso M, Audette M, Malbert C, Stice E. Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 8:1-31. [PMID: 26110109 PMCID: PMC4473270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional, molecular and genetic neuroimaging has highlighted the existence of brain anomalies and neural vulnerability factors related to obesity and eating disorders such as binge eating or anorexia nervosa. In particular, decreased basal metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and striatum as well as dopaminergic alterations have been described in obese subjects, in parallel with increased activation of reward brain areas in response to palatable food cues. Elevated reward region responsivity may trigger food craving and predict future weight gain. This opens the way to prevention studies using functional and molecular neuroimaging to perform early diagnostics and to phenotype subjects at risk by exploring different neurobehavioral dimensions of the food choices and motivation processes. In the first part of this review, advantages and limitations of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), pharmacogenetic fMRI and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will be discussed in the context of recent work dealing with eating behavior, with a particular focus on obesity. In the second part of the review, non-invasive strategies to modulate food-related brain processes and functions will be presented. At the leading edge of non-invasive brain-based technologies is real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback, which is a powerful tool to better understand the complexity of human brain-behavior relationships. rtfMRI, alone or when combined with other techniques and tools such as EEG and cognitive therapy, could be used to alter neural plasticity and learned behavior to optimize and/or restore healthy cognition and eating behavior. Other promising non-invasive neuromodulation approaches being explored are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS). Converging evidence points at the value of these non-invasive neuromodulation strategies to study basic mechanisms underlying eating behavior and to treat its disorders. Both of these approaches will be compared in light of recent work in this field, while addressing technical and practical questions. The third part of this review will be dedicated to invasive neuromodulation strategies, such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). In combination with neuroimaging approaches, these techniques are promising experimental tools to unravel the intricate relationships between homeostatic and hedonic brain circuits. Their potential as additional therapeutic tools to combat pharmacorefractory morbid obesity or acute eating disorders will be discussed, in terms of technical challenges, applicability and ethics. In a general discussion, we will put the brain at the core of fundamental research, prevention and therapy in the context of obesity and eating disorders. First, we will discuss the possibility to identify new biological markers of brain functions. Second, we will highlight the potential of neuroimaging and neuromodulation in individualized medicine. Third, we will introduce the ethical questions that are concomitant to the emergence of new neuromodulation therapies.
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Key Words
- 5-HT, serotonin
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- AN, anorexia nervosa
- ANT, anterior nucleus of the thalamus
- B N, bulimia nervosa
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BED, binge eating disorder
- BMI, body mass index
- BOLD, blood oxygenation level dependent
- BS, bariatric surgery
- Brain
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CCK, cholecystokinin
- Cg25, subgenual cingulate cortex
- DA, dopamine
- DAT, dopamine transporter
- DBS, deep brain stimulation
- DBT, deep brain therapy
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- ED, eating disorders
- EEG, electroencephalography
- Eating disorders
- GP, globus pallidus
- HD-tDCS, high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HHb, deoxygenated-hemoglobin
- Human
- LHA, lateral hypothalamus
- MER, microelectrode recording
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Nac, nucleus accumbens
- Neuroimaging
- Neuromodulation
- O2Hb, oxygenated-hemoglobin
- OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder
- OFC, orbitofrontal cortex
- Obesity
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- PYY, peptide tyrosine tyrosine
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- STN, subthalamic nucleus
- TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation
- TRD, treatment-resistant depression
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- VN, vagus nerve
- VNS, vagus nerve stimulation
- VS, ventral striatum
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- aCC, anterior cingulate cortex
- dTMS, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation
- daCC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
- dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy
- lPFC, lateral prefrontal cortex
- pCC, posterior cingulate cortex
- rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow
- rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
- rtfMRI, real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging
- tACS, transcranial alternate current stimulation
- tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation
- tRNS, transcranial random noise stimulation
- vlPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
- vmH, ventromedial hypothalamus
- vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Aarts
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Weber
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V. Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L.E. Stoeckel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - M. Alonso-Alonso
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
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