1
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Eskandari S, Rezayof A, Asghari SM, Hashemizadeh S. Neurobiochemical characteristics of arginine-rich peptides explain their potential therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102356. [PMID: 37390744 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer̕ s disease (AD), Parkinson̕ s disease (PD), Huntington̕ s disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) require special attention to find new potential treatment methods. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the biochemical properties of arginine-rich peptides (ARPs) and their neuroprotective effects to deal with the harmful effects of risk factors. It seems that ARPs have portrayed a promising and fantastic landscape for treating neurodegeneration-associated disorders. With multimodal mechanisms of action, ARPs play various unprecedented roles, including as the novel delivery platforms for entering the central nervous system (CNS), the potent antagonists for calcium influx, the invader molecules for targeting mitochondria, and the protein stabilizers. Interestingly, these peptides inhibit the proteolytic enzymes and block protein aggregation to induce pro-survival signaling pathways. ARPs also serve as the scavengers of toxic molecules and the reducers of oxidative stress agents. They also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, by providing an efficient nucleic acid delivery system, ARPs can play an essential role in developing various fields, including gene vaccines, gene therapy, gene editing, and imaging. ARP agents and ARP/cargo therapeutics can be raised as an emergent class of neurotherapeutics for neurodegeneration. Part of the aim of this review is to present recent advances in treating neurodegenerative diseases using ARPs as an emerging and powerful therapeutic tool. The applications and progress of ARPs-based nucleic acid delivery systems have also been discussed to highlight their usefulness as a broad-acting class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Eskandari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Hashemizadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Gostaviceanu A, Gavrilaş S, Copolovici L, Copolovici DM. Membrane-Active Peptides and Their Potential Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2091. [PMID: 37631305 PMCID: PMC10459175 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) possess unique properties that make them valuable tools for studying membrane structure and function and promising candidates for therapeutic applications. This review paper provides an overview of the fundamental aspects of MAPs, focusing on their membrane interaction mechanisms and potential applications. MAPs exhibit various structural features, including amphipathic structures and specific amino acid residues, enabling selective interaction with multiple membranes. Their mechanisms of action involve disrupting lipid bilayers through different pathways, depending on peptide properties and membrane composition. The therapeutic potential of MAPs is significant. They have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, making them promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. MAPs can selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis, opening new avenues in cancer therapeutics. Additionally, MAPs serve as drug delivery vectors, facilitating the transport of therapeutic cargoes across cell membranes. They represent a fascinating class of biomolecules with significant potential in basic research and clinical applications. Understanding their mechanisms of action and designing peptides with enhanced selectivity and efficacy will further expand their utility in diverse fields. Exploring MAPs holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies against infections, cancer, and drug delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Gostaviceanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, and Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Elena Drăgoi St., No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania; (A.G.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
- Biomedical Sciences Doctoral School, University of Oradea, University St., No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gavrilaş
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, and Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Elena Drăgoi St., No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania; (A.G.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, and Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Elena Drăgoi St., No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania; (A.G.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Dana Maria Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, and Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Elena Drăgoi St., No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania; (A.G.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
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3
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Pašalić L, Jakas A, Pem B, Bakarić D. Adsorption/Desorption of Cationic-Hydrophobic Peptides on Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayer Is Associated with the Possibility of Proton Transfer. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1216. [PMID: 37508312 PMCID: PMC10376034 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides built up from dominantly cationic and hydrophobic amino acid residues with a distinguished ability to pass through the cell membrane. Due to the possibility of linking and delivering the appropriate cargo at the desired location, CPPs are considered an economic and less invasive alternative to antibiotics. Besides knowing that their membrane passage mechanism is a complex function of CPP chemical composition, the ionic strength of the solution, and the membrane composition, all other details on how they penetrate cell membranes are rather vague. The aim of this study is to elucidate the ad(de)sorption of arginine-/lysine- and phenylalanine-rich peptides on a lipid membrane composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids. DSC and temperature-dependent UV-Vis measurements confirmed the impact of the adsorbed peptides on thermotropic properties of DPPC, but in an inconclusive way. On the other hand, FTIR spectra acquired at 30 °C and 50 °C (when DPPC lipids are found in the gel and fluid phase, respectively) unambiguously confirmed the proton transfer between particular titratable functional groups of R5F2/K5F2 that highly depend on their immediate surroundings (DPPC or a phosphate buffer). Molecular dynamic simulations showed that both peptides may adsorb onto the bilayer, but K5F2 desorbs more easily and favors the solvent, while R5F2 remains attached. The results obtained in this work highlight the importance of proton transfer in the design of CPPs with their desired cargo, as its charge and composition dictates the possibility of entering the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Pašalić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Jakas
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Pem
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Mockett BG, Ryan MM. The therapeutic potential of the neuroactive peptides of soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:93-101. [PMID: 35654665 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα) is a multi-functional brain-derived protein that has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotropic properties. Moreover, it is known to facilitate synaptic function and promote neural repair. These properties suggest sAPPα may be useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurological diseases characterized by synaptic failure and neuronal loss, such as occurs in Alzheimer's disease, and for neural repair following traumatic brain injury and stroke. However, sAPPα's relatively large size and the difficulty of ongoing delivery of therapeutics to the brain mean this is not currently practicable. Importantly, however, sAPPα is composed of several neuroactive domains that each possess properties that collectively are remarkably similar to those of sAPPα itself. Here, we review the molecular structure of sAPPα and identify the domains that contribute to its overall functionality. Four peptide motifs present as possible targets for therapeutic development. We review their physiochemical and neuroactive properties, both within sAPPα and as isolated peptides, and discuss their potential for future development as multipurpose therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of neuronal function. Further, we discuss the role of heparin binding sites, found within sAPPα's structure and overlapping with the neuroactive domains, as sites for interactions with effector proteins and synaptic receptors. The potential role of the neuroactive peptides known as Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs) as neuroprotective motifs is also reviewed. Mechanisms of peptide delivery to the brain are briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise the potential benefits and pitfalls of using the isolated peptides, either individually or in combination, for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret M Ryan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Mansi K, Kumar R, Jindal N, Singh K. Biocompatible nanocarriers an emerging platform for augmenting the antiviral attributes of bioactive polyphenols: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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6
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Tahmasbi F, Madani Neishaboori A, Mardani M, Toloui A, Komlakh K, Azizi Y, Yousefifard M. Efficacy of polyarginine peptides in the treatment of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2858. [PMID: 36542540 PMCID: PMC9847609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities exist regarding an efficient treatment for stroke. Polyarginines have shown promising neuroprotective properties based on available published studies. Thus, the present study aims to systemically review and analyze existing evidence regarding polyarginine's administration efficacy in animal stroke models. METHOD Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched, in addition to manual search. Inclusion criteria were administrating polyarginine peptides in stroke animal models. Exclusion criteria were previous polyarginine administration, lacking a control group, review articles, and case reports. Data were collected and analyzed using STATA 17.0; a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), meta-regression, and subgroup analyses were presented. Risk of bias, publication bias, and level of evidence were assessed using SYRCLE's tool, Egger's analysis, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, respectively. RESULTS From the 468 searched articles, 11 articles were included. Analyses showed that R18 significantly decreases infarct size (SMD = -0.65; 95% CI: -1.01, -0.29) and brain edema (SMD = -1.90; 95% CI: -3.28, -0.51) and improves neurological outcome (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.91) and functional status (SMD = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.85) in stroke animal models. Moreover, R18D significantly decreases infarct size (SMD = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.17, -0.33) and improves neurological outcome (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.86) and functional status (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.54) in stroke models. CONCLUSION Moderate level of evidence demonstrated that both R18 and R18D administration can significantly improve stroke outcomes in animal stroke models. However, considering the limitations, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to substantiate the neuroprotective efficacy of polyarginines for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tahmasbi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahta Mardani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Toloui
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Komlakh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vincy CD, Tarika JDD, Sethuram M, Jenepha Mary SJ, Beaula TJ. Quantum Chemical Investigations on the Hydrogen-Bonded Interactions of Bioactive Molecule N 2-(4-Methoxysalicylidene) Arginine Hemihydrate. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2138923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dabora Vincy
- Department of Physics and Research Centre, Malankara Catholic College, Kaliyakkavilai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J. D. Deephlin Tarika
- Department of Physics and Research Centre, Malankara Catholic College, Kaliyakkavilai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M. Sethuram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. J. Jenepha Mary
- Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T. Joselin Beaula
- Department of Physics and Research Centre, Malankara Catholic College, Kaliyakkavilai, Tamilnadu, India
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8
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Wang S, Su G, Fan J, Xiao Z, Zheng L, Zhao M, Wu J. Arginine-Containing Peptides Derived from Walnut Protein Against Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish: Design, Release, and Neuroprotection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11579-11590. [PMID: 36098553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Arg-containing peptides from walnut storage protein sequences in scopolamine-induced zebrafish and further to validate the potential neuroprotection of Arg-containing peptide enriched walnut hydrolysates prepared by in silico hydrolysis and controlled enzymatic release. Results showed that walnut derived Arg-containing peptides with high abundance and great bioactivity predicted by bioinformatics displayed potent neuroprotection in scopolamine-induced zebrafish, and regulation of neurotransmitter level and antioxidant enzyme activity might be the main target for Arg-containing peptides to exert neuroprotection. Notably, Arg-containing peptides (not free arginine) contributed greater neuroprotection, and the positive charge and cell-penetrating properties also affected their neuroprotection. Subsequently, Arg-containing peptides could be released efficiently from walnut protein following hydrolysis by trypsin, pepsin, papain, and thermolysin (bound arginine content: ranging from 110.43 ± 1.58 to 121.82 ± 1.02 mg/g). Among them, trypsin had excellent potential for releasing Arg-containing peptides in silico hydrolysis, and its hydrolysate was confirmed to have neuroprotective capacity, indicating that the combination of in silico hydrolysis and controlled enzymatic release might be an effective approach to obtain Arg-containing neuroprotective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangping Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Seillier C, Lesept F, Toutirais O, Potzeha F, Blanc M, Vivien D. Targeting NMDA Receptors at the Neurovascular Unit: Past and Future Treatments for Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810336. [PMID: 36142247 PMCID: PMC9499580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmission of the central nervous system (CNS) mainly involves glutamate and its receptors, especially N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). These receptors have been extensively described on neurons and, more recently, also on other cell types. Nowadays, the study of their differential expression and function is taking a growing place in preclinical and clinical research. The diversity of NMDAR subtypes and their signaling pathways give rise to pleiotropic functions such as brain development, neuronal plasticity, maturation along with excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier integrity, and inflammation. NMDARs have thus emerged as key targets for the treatment of neurological disorders. By their large extracellular regions and complex intracellular structures, NMDARs are modulated by a variety of endogenous and pharmacological compounds. Here, we will present an overview of NMDAR functions on neurons and other important cell types involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative, neurovascular, mental, autoimmune, and neurodevelopmental diseases. We will then discuss past and future development of NMDAR targeting drugs, including innovative and promising new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Flavie Lesept
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Manuel Blanc
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence:
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Yang L, Zhu J, Yang L, Gan Y, Hu D, Zhao J, Zhao Y. SCO-spondin-derived peptide NX210 rescues neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulating the Integrin-β1 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109079. [PMID: 35930911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common condition with high morbidity and mortality, causing irreversible neuronal damage and seriously affecting neurological function. There has been no ideal effective treatment so far. The NX210 peptide is derived from the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) sequence of SCO-spondin, and has been reported to exert various neurogenic properties. This study investigated whether NX210 had therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanisms against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Therefore, primary embryonic rat cortical neurons and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injuries, respectively, were treated with or without NX210. We found that NX210 reduced OGD/R-induced cell viability loss and cytotoxicity. NX210 decreased cerebral infarct volume and brain edema, ameliorated neurological dysfunction, attenuated oxidative stress damage, and diminished neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/R rats. Furthermore, western blot analysis shown that treatment with NX210 up-regulated the expression of Integrin-β1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt). The Integrin-β1 specific inhibitor, ATN-161, was used to identify pathways involved. The anti-oxidation activities and anti-apoptosis of NX210 was reversed by treatment with ATN-161. Overall, our results indicated that NX210 prevents oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral I/R via upregulation of the Integrin-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results indicated that NX210 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yunhao Gan
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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11
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Mucha P, Sikorska E, Rekowski P, Ruczyński J. Interaction of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides with an Artificial Neuronal Membrane. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101638. [PMID: 35626677 PMCID: PMC9139471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (RRCPPs) exhibit intrinsic neuroprotective effects on neurons injured by acute ischemic stroke. Conformational properties, interaction, and the ability to penetrate the neural membrane are critical for the neuroprotective effects of RRCCPs. In this study, we applied circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD) simulations to investigate the interactions of two RRCPPs, Tat(49–57)-NH2 (arginine-rich motif of Tat HIV-1 protein) and PTD4 (a less basic Ala-scan analog of the Tat peptide), with an artificial neuronal membrane (ANM). CD spectra showed that in an aqueous environment, such as phosphate-buffered saline, the peptides mostly adopted a random coil (PTD4) or a polyproline type II helical (Tat(49–57)-NH2) conformation. On the other hand, in the hydrophobic environment of the ANM liposomes, the peptides showed moderate conformational changes, especially around 200 nm, as indicated by CD curves. The changes induced by the liposomes were slightly more significant in the PTD4 peptide. However, the nature of the conformational changes could not be clearly defined. CG MD simulations showed that the peptides are quickly attracted to the neuronal lipid bilayer and bind preferentially to monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (DPG1) molecules. However, the peptides did not penetrate the membrane even at increasing concentrations. This suggests that the energy barrier required to break the strong peptide–lipid electrostatic interactions was not exceeded in the simulated models. The obtained results show a correlation between the potential of mean force parameter and a peptide’s cell membrane-penetrating ability and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mucha
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Environmental Nucleic Acid Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +48-58-5235432 (P.M.); +48-58-5235235 (J.R.)
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Laboratory of Structural Research of Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rekowski
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Environmental Nucleic Acid Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Ruczyński
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +48-58-5235432 (P.M.); +48-58-5235235 (J.R.)
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12
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Positive allosteric regulation of PAC1-R up-regulates PAC1-R and its specific ligand PACAP. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:657-672. [PMID: 35593471 PMCID: PMC9828401 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PAC1-R is a recognized preferential receptor for the neuropeptide of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which mediates neuroprotective and nerve regenerative activities of PACAP. In this study, we found that in both PAC1R-CHO cells with high expression of PAC1R-eGFP and retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) with the natural expression of PAC1-R, oligo-peptide PACAP(28-38) and the positively charged arginine-rich penetrating peptide TAT, as positive allosteric modulators of PAC1-R, significantly trigger the nuclear translocation of PAC1-R. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR results show that the nuclear translocated PAC1-R binds with the promoter regions of PAC1-R and its specific ligand PACAP. The up-regulated promoter activities of PAC1-R and PACAP induced by PACAP(28-38) or TAT are positively correlative with the increase of the expression levels of PAC1-R and PACAP. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of PAC1-R induced by PACAP(28-38) or TAT is significantly inhibited by the mutation of PAC1-R on Cys25 and the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate. Meanwhile, the increase in both PAC1-R and PACAP levels and the neuroprotective activities of PACAP(28-38) and TAT in MPP-induced cell model of Parkinson ' s disease are synchronously inhibited by 2-bromopalmitate, which are positively correlated with the nuclear translocation of PAC1-R induced by PACAP(28-38) or TAT. Bioinformatics analysis and motif enrichment analysis following ChIP-sequencing show that the transcription factors including SP1, Zic2, GATA1, REST and YY1 may be recruited by nuclear PAC1-R and involved in regulating the promoter activities of PAC1-R and PACAP. ChIP-sequencing and related bioinformatics analysis show that the downstream target genes regulated by the nuclear PAC1-R are mostly involved in the process of cellular stress and related to neuroprotection, neuronal genesis and development.
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13
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Impact of poly-arginine peptides R18D and R18 on alteplase and tenecteplase thrombolysis in vitro, and neuroprotective stability to proteolysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:172-182. [PMID: 35305237 PMCID: PMC9259545 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The poly-arginine peptides R18D and R18 represent novel potential neuroprotective treatments for acute ischaemic stroke. Here we examined whether R18D and R18 had any significant effects on the thrombolytic activity of alteplase (tPA) and tenecteplase (TNK) on clots formed from whole blood in an in vitro thrombolysis plate assay. R18D and R18 were examined at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM during the 1-h thrombolytic assay. We also included the well-characterised neuroprotective NA-1 peptide as a control. R18D, R18 and NA-1 all reduced tPA or TNK percentage clot lysis by 0-9.35%, 0-3.44% and 0-4.8%, respectively. R18D, R18 and NA-1 had a modest and variable effect on the lag time, increasing the time to the commencement of thrombolysis by 0-9.9 min, 0-5.53 min and 0-7.16 min, respectively. Lastly, R18 and NA-1 appeared to increase the maximal activity of the thrombolysis reaction. In addition, the in vitro anti-excitotoxic neuroprotective efficacy of R18D and R18 was not affected by pre-incubation for 1-2 h or overnight with tPA or TNK, whereas only R18D retained high anti-excitotoxic neuroprotective efficacy when pre-incubated in a synthetic trypsin (TrypLE Express). The present in vitro findings suggest that neither R18D or R18 when co-administered with the thrombolytic inducing agents tPA or TNK are likely to have a significant impact when used clinically during clot thrombolysis and confirm the superior proteolytic stability of the R18D peptide.
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14
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Kanekura K, Hayamizu Y, Kuroda M. Order controls disordered droplets: structure-function relationships in C9orf72-derived poly(PR). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C197-C204. [PMID: 34910602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00372.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been thought as two distinct neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent genetic screening and careful investigations found the genetic and pathological overlap among these disorders. Hexanucleotide expansions in intron 1 of C9orf72 are a leading cause of familial ALS and familial FTD. These expansions facilitate the repeat-associated non-ATG initiated translation (RAN translation), producing five dipeptide repeat proteins (DRPs), including Arg-rich poly(PR: Pro-Arg) and poly-(GR: Gly-Arg) peptides. Arg is a positively charged, highly polar amino acid that facilitates interactions with anionic molecules such as nucleic acids and acidic amino acids via electrostatic forces and aromatic amino acids via cation-pi interaction, suggesting that Arg-rich DRPs underlie the pathophysiology of ALS via Arg-mediated molecular interactions. Arg-rich DRPs have also been reported to induce neurodegeneration in cellular and animal models via multiple mechanisms; however, it remains unclear why the Arg-rich DRPs exhibit such diverse toxic properties, because not all Arg-rich peptides are toxic. In this mini-review, we discuss the current understanding of the pathophysiology of Arg-rich C9orf72 DRPs and introduce recent findings on the role of Arg distribution as a determinant of the toxicity and its contribution to the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hayamizu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Kovács-Ábrahám Z, Aczél T, Jancsó G, Horváth-Szalai Z, Nagy L, Tóth I, Nagy B, Molnár T, Szabó P. Cerebral and Systemic Stress Parameters in Correlation with Jugulo-Arterial CO 2 Gap as a Marker of Cerebral Perfusion during Carotid Endarterectomy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235479. [PMID: 34884182 PMCID: PMC8658406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative stress is common to patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA); thus, impaired oxygen and metabolic balance may appear. In this study, we aimed to identify new markers of intraoperative cerebral ischemia, with predictive value on postoperative complications during CEA, performed in regional anesthesia. A total of 54 patients with significant carotid stenosis were recruited and submitted to CEA. Jugular and arterial blood samples were taken four times during operation, to measure the jugulo-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (P(j-a)CO2), and cortisol, S100B, L-arginine, and lactate levels. A positive correlation was found between preoperative cortisol levels and all S100B concentrations. In addition, they are positively correlated with P(j-a)CO2 values. Conversely, postoperative cortisol inversely correlates with P(j-a)CO2 and postoperative S100B values. A negative correlation was observed between maximum systolic and pulse pressures and P(j-a)CO2 after carotid clamp and before the release of clamp. Our data suggest that preoperative cortisol, S100B, L-arginine reflect patients' frailty, while these parameters postoperatively are influenced by intraoperative stress and injury. As a novelty, P(j-a)CO2 might be an emerging indicator of cerebral blood flow during CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kovács-Ábrahám
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.K.-Á.); (I.T.); (B.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Timea Aczél
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Horváth-Szalai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ildikó Tóth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.K.-Á.); (I.T.); (B.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.K.-Á.); (I.T.); (B.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tihamér Molnár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.K.-Á.); (I.T.); (B.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Péter Szabó
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.K.-Á.); (I.T.); (B.N.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Hodgetts SI, Lovett SJ, Baron-Heeris D, Fogliani A, Sturm M, Van den Heuvel C, Harvey AR. Effects of amyloid precursor protein peptide APP96-110, alone or with human mesenchymal stromal cells, on recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 34782585 PMCID: PMC8643048 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of a peptide (APP96-110), derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), has been shown to elicit neuroprotective effects following cerebral stroke and traumatic brain injury. In this study, the effect of APP96-110 or a mutant version of this peptide (mAPP96-110) was assessed following moderate (200 kdyn, (2 N)) thoracic contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult Nude rats. Animals received a single tail vein injection of APP96-110 or mAPP96-110 at 30 minutes post-SCI and were then assessed for functional improvements over the next 8 weeks. A cohort of animals also received transplants of either viable or non-viable human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into the SC lesion site at one week post-injury to assess the effect of combining intravenous APP96-110 delivery with hMSC treatment. Rats were perfused 8 weeks post-SCI and longitudinal sections of spinal cord analyzed for a number of factors including hMSC viability, cyst size, axonal regrowth, glial reactivity and macrophage activation. Analysis of sensorimotor function revealed occasional significant differences between groups using Ladderwalk or Ratwalk tests, however there were no consistent improvements in functional outcome after any of the treatments. mAPP96-110 alone, and APP96-110 in combination with both viable and non-viable hMSCs significantly reduced cyst size compared to SCI alone. Combined treatments with donor hMSCs also significantly increased βIII tubulin+, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and laminin+ expression, and decreased ED1+ expression in tissues. This preliminary study demonstrates that intravenous delivery of APP96-110 peptide has selective, modest neuroprotective effects following SCI, which may be enhanced when combined with hMSC transplantation. However, the effects are less pronounced and less consistent compared to the protective morphological and cognitive impact that this same peptide has on neuronal survival and behaviour after stroke and traumatic brain injury. Thus while the efficacy of a particular therapeutic approach in one CNS injury model may provide justification for its use in other neurotrauma models, similar outcomes may not necessarily occur and more targeted approaches suited to location and severity are required. All animal experiments were approved by The University of Western Australia Animal Ethics Committee (RA3/100/1460) on April 12, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart I Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lovett
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D Baron-Heeris
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Fogliani
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell and Tissue Therapies WA (CTTWA), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Van den Heuvel
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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17
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Mamsa SSA, Meloni BP. Arginine and Arginine-Rich Peptides as Modulators of Protein Aggregation and Cytotoxicity Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:759729. [PMID: 34776866 PMCID: PMC8581540 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.759729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence indicates cationic, arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are effective therapeutic compounds for a range of neurodegenerative pathologies, with beneficial effects including the reduction of excitotoxic cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction. CARPs, therefore, represent an emergent class of promising neurotherapeutics with multimodal mechanisms of action. Arginine itself is a known chaotrope, able to prevent misfolding and aggregation of proteins. The putative role of proteopathies in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) warrants investigation into whether CARPs could also prevent the aggregation and cytotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins, particularly amyloid-beta and tau. While monomeric arginine is well-established as an inhibitor of protein aggregation in solution, no studies have comprehensively discussed the anti-aggregatory properties of arginine and CARPs on proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the structural, physicochemical, and self-associative properties of arginine and the guanidinium moiety, to explore the mechanisms underlying the modulation of protein aggregation by monomeric and multimeric arginine molecules. Arginine-rich peptide-based inhibitors of amyloid-beta and tau aggregation are discussed, as well as further modulatory roles which could reduce proteopathic cytotoxicity, in the context of therapeutic development for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayra S A Mamsa
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Chen C, Yamanaka Y, Ueda K, Li P, Miyagi T, Harada Y, Tezuka S, Narumi S, Sugimoto M, Kuroda M, Hayamizu Y, Kanekura K. Phase separation and toxicity of C9orf72 poly(PR) depends on alternate distribution of arginine. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212626. [PMID: 34499080 PMCID: PMC8438627 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arg (R)-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs; poly(PR): Pro-Arg and poly(GR): Gly-Arg), encoded by a hexanucleotide expansion in the C9ORF72 gene, induce neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although R-rich DPRs undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which affects multiple biological processes, mechanisms underlying LLPS of DPRs remain elusive. Here, using in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo methods, we determined that the distribution of charged Arg residues regulates the complex coacervation with anionic peptides and nucleic acids. Proteomic analyses revealed that alternate Arg distribution in poly(PR) facilitates entrapment of proteins with acidic motifs via LLPS. Transcription, translation, and diffusion of nucleolar nucleophosmin (NPM1) were impaired by poly(PR) with an alternate charge distribution but not by poly(PR) variants with a consecutive charge distribution. We propose that the pathogenicity of R-rich DPRs is mediated by disturbance of proteins through entrapment in the phase-separated droplets via sequence-controlled multivalent protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peiying Li
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamami Miyagi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Harada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tezuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hayamizu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Mader MM, Böger R, Appel D, Schwedhelm E, Haddad M, Mohme M, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Czorlich P, Hannemann J. Intrathecal and systemic alterations of L-arginine metabolism in patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1964-1977. [PMID: 33461409 PMCID: PMC8327100 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20983216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and L-arginine metabolites have been associated with the pathophysiology of different vascular diseases. Here, we describe striking changes in L-arginine metabolism after hemorrhagic stroke. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and/or intraventricular hemorrhage were collected over a ten-day period. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify key substrates and products of L-arginine metabolizing enzymes as well as asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Changes in the plasma were limited to early reductions in L-ornithine, L-lysine, and L-citrulline concentrations. Intrathecally, we observed signs of early NO synthase (NOS) upregulation followed by a decrease back to baseline accompanied by a rise in the level of its endogenous NOS-inhibitor ADMA. SDMA demonstrated increased levels throughout the observation period. For arginase, a pattern of persistently elevated activity was measured and arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) appeared to be reduced in its activity at later time points. An early reduction in CSF L-arginine concentration was an independent risk factor for poor outcome. Together, these findings further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms after ICH potentially involved in secondary brain injury and may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius M Mader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Appel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Munif Haddad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Czorlich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Hong W, Gao Y, Lou B, Ying S, Wu W, Ji X, Yu N, Jiao Y, Wang H, Zhou X, Li A, Guo F, Yang G. Curcumin-Loaded Hybrid Nanoparticles: Microchannel-Based Preparation and Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4147-4159. [PMID: 34168445 PMCID: PMC8216735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop microchannel-based preparation of curcumin (Cur)-loaded hybrid nanoparticles using enzyme-targeted peptides and star-shaped polycyclic lipids as carriers, and to accomplish a desirable targeted drug delivery via these nanoparticles, which could improve the bioavailability and antitumor effects of Cur. Methods The amphiphilic tri-chaintricarballylic acid-poly (ε-caprolactone)-methoxypolyethylene glycol (Tri-CL-mPEG) and the enzyme-targeted tetra-chain pentaerythritol-poly (ε-caprolactone)-polypeptide (PET-CL-P) were synthesized. The Cur-loaded enzyme-targeted hybrid nano-delivery systems (Cur-P-NPs) were prepared by using the microfluidic continuous granulation technology. The physicochemical properties, release behavior in vitro, and stability of these Cur-P-NPs were investigated. Their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, anti-proliferative efficacy in vitro, biodistribution, and antitumor effects in vivo were also studied. Results The particle size of the prepared Cur-P-NPs was 146.1 ± 1.940 nm, polydispersity index was 0.175 ± 0.014, zeta potential was 10.1 ± 0.300 mV, encapsulation rate was 74.66 ± 0.671%, and drug loading capacity was 5.38 ± 0.316%. The stability of Cur-P-NPs was adequate, and the in vitro release rate increased with the decrease of the environmental pH. Seven days post incubation, the cumulative release values of Cur were 52.78%, 67.39%, and 98.12% at pH 7.4, pH 6.8 and pH 5.0, respectively. Cur-P-NPs exhibited better cell entry and antiproliferation efficacy against U251 cells than the Cur-solution and Cur-NPs and were safe for use. Cur-P-NPs specifically targeted tumor tissues and inhibited their growth (78.63% tumor growth inhibition rate) with low toxic effects on normal tissues. Conclusion The enzyme-targeted hybrid nanoparticles prepared in the study clearly have the tumor-targeting ability. Cur-P-NPs can effectively improve the bioavailability of Cur and have potential applications in drug delivery and tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjun Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqin Li
- Zhejiang Share Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310019, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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21
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Mazuryk J, Puchalska I, Koziński K, Ślusarz MJ, Ruczyński J, Rekowski P, Rogujski P, Płatek R, Wiśniewska MB, Piotrowski A, Janus Ł, Skowron PM, Pikuła M, Sachadyn P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Czupryn A, Mucha P. PTD4 Peptide Increases Neural Viability in an In Vitro Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116086. [PMID: 34200045 PMCID: PMC8200211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disturbance in cerebral blood flow caused by brain tissue ischemia and hypoxia. We optimized a multifactorial in vitro model of acute ischemic stroke using rat primary neural cultures. This model was exploited to investigate the pro-viable activity of cell-penetrating peptides: arginine-rich Tat(49–57)-NH2 (R49KKRRQRRR57-amide) and its less basic analogue, PTD4 (Y47ARAAARQARA57-amide). Our model included glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicity of these peptides was excluded below a concentration of 50 μm, and PTD4-induced pro-survival was more pronounced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations proved potential contribution of the peptide conformational properties to neuroprotection: in MD, Tat(49–57)-NH2 adopted a random coil and polyproline type II helical structure, whereas PTD4 adopted a helical structure. In an aqueous environment, the peptides mostly adopted a random coil conformation (PTD4) or a polyproline type II helical (Tat(49–57)-NH2) structure. In 30% TFE, PTD4 showed a tendency to adopt a helical structure. Overall, the pro-viable activity of PTD4 was not correlated with the arginine content but rather with the peptide’s ability to adopt a helical structure in the membrane-mimicking environment, which enhances its cell membrane permeability. PTD4 may act as a leader sequence in novel drugs for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
| | - Izabela Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamil Koziński
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Magdalena J. Ślusarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Jarosław Ruczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rekowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płatek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marta Barbara Wiśniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Piotr M. Skowron
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
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22
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Perlikowska R. Whether short peptides are good candidates for future neuroprotective therapeutics? Peptides 2021; 140:170528. [PMID: 33716091 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a broad group of largely debilitating, and ultimately terminal conditions resulting in progressive degeneration of different brain regions. The observed damages are associated with cell death, structural and functional deficits of neurons, or demyelination. The concept of neuroprotection concerns the administration of the agent, which should reverse some of the damage or prevent further adverse changes. A growing body of evidence suggested that among many classes of compounds considered as neuroprotective agents, peptides derived from natural materials or their synthetic analogs are good candidates. They presented a broad spectrum of activities and abilities to act through diverse mechanisms of action. Biologically active peptides have many properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Peptides with pro-survival and neuroprotective activities, associated with inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and are able to improve cell viability or mitochondrial functions, are also promising molecules of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industries. Peptide multiple activities open the way for broad application potential as therapeutic agents or ingredients of health-promoting functional foods. Significantly, synthetic peptides can be remodeled in numerous ways to have desired features, such as increased solubility or biological stability, as well as selectivity towards a specific receptor, and finally better membrane penetration. This review summarized the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders, their causes, consequences, and reported new neuroprotective drug development approaches. The author focused on the unique perspectives in neuroprotection and provided a concise survey of short peptides proposed as novel therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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23
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Milani D, Clark VW, Feindel KW, Blacker DJ, Bynevelt M, Edwards AB, Anderton RS, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Comparative Assessment of the Proteolytic Stability and Impact of Poly-Arginine Peptides R18 and R18D on Infarct Growth and Penumbral Tissue Preservation Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Sprague Dawley Rat. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1166-1176. [PMID: 33523394 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly-arginine peptides R18 and R18D have previously been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in ischaemic stroke models. Here we examined the proteolytic stability and efficacy of R18 and R18D in reducing infarct core growth and preserving the ischaemic penumbra following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the Sprague Dawley rat. R18 (300 or 1000 nmol/kg), R18D (300 nmol/kg) or saline were administered intravenously 10 min after MCAO induced using a filament. Serial perfusion and diffusion-weighted MRI imaging was performed to measure changes in the infarct core and penumbra from time points between 45- and 225-min post-occlusion. Repeated measures analyses of infarct growth and penumbral tissue size were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). R18D (300 nmol/kg) was most effective in slowing infarct core growth (46.8 mm3 reduction; p < 0.001) and preserving penumbral tissue (21.6% increase; p < 0.001), followed by R18 at the 300 nmol/kg dose (core: 29.5 mm3 reduction; p < 0.001, penumbra: 12.5% increase; p < 0.001). R18 at the 1000 nmol/kg dose had a significant impact in slowing core growth (19.5 mm3 reduction; p = 0.026), but only a modest impact on penumbral preservation (6.9% increase; p = 0.062). The in vitro anti-excitotoxic neuroprotective efficacy of R18D was also demonstrated to be unaffected when preincubated for 1-3 h or overnight, in a cell lysate prepared from dying neurons or with the proteolytic enzyme, plasmin, whereas the neuroprotective efficacy of R18 was significantly reduced after a 2-h incubation. These findings highlight the capacity of poly-arginine peptides to reduce infarct growth and preserve the ischaemic penumbra, and confirm the superior efficacy and proteolytic stability of R18D, which indicates that this peptide is likely to retain its neuroprotective properties when co-administered with alteplase during thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Milani
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vince W Clark
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kirk W Feindel
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David J Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Bynevelt
- Neurological Intervention and Imaging Service of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Adam B Edwards
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, 6160, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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24
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Solomon DA, Smikle R, Reid MJ, Mizielinska S. Altered Phase Separation and Cellular Impact in C9orf72-Linked ALS/FTD. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:664151. [PMID: 33967699 PMCID: PMC8096919 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.664151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the C9orf72 repeat expansion mutation as causative for chromosome 9-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in 2011, a multitude of cellular pathways have been implicated. However, evidence has also been accumulating for a key mechanism of cellular compartmentalization—phase separation. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is fundamental for the formation of membraneless organelles including stress granules, the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, nuclear speckles and the central channel of the nuclear pore. Evidence has now accumulated showing that the formation and function of these membraneless organelles is impaired by both the toxic arginine rich dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), translated from the C9orf72 repeat RNA transcript, and the repeat RNA itself. Both the arginine rich DPRs and repeat RNA themselves undergo phase separation and disrupt the physiological phase separation of proteins involved in the formation of these liquid-like organelles. Hence abnormal phase separation may explain a number of pathological cellular phenomena associated with C9orf72-ALS/FTD. In this review article, we will discuss the principles of phase separation, phase separation of the DPRs and repeat RNA themselves and how they perturb LLPS associated with membraneless organelles and the functional consequences of this. We will then discuss how phase separation may impact the major pathological feature of C9orf72-ALS/FTD, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and how LLPS may be targeted therapeutically in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Solomon
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah Smikle
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Reid
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Morad T, Hendler RM, Canji E, Weiss OE, Sion G, Minnes R, Polaq AHG, Merfeld I, Dubinsky Z, Nesher E, Baranes D. Aragonite-Polylysine: Neuro-Regenerative Scaffolds with Diverse Effects on Astrogliosis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2850. [PMID: 33260420 PMCID: PMC7760860 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, especially when coated with adhesive polymers, are a key tool for restorative medicine, being biocompatible and supportive for cell adherence, growth, and function. Aragonite skeletons of corals are biomaterials that support survival and growth of a range of cell types, including neurons and glia. However, it is not known if this scaffold affects neural cell migration or elongation of neuronal and astrocytic processes, prerequisites for initiating repair of damage in the nervous system. To address this, hippocampal cells were aggregated into neurospheres and cultivated on aragonite skeleton of the coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Coral Skeleton (CS)), on naturally occurring aragonite (Geological Aragonite (GA)), and on glass, all pre-coated with the oligomer poly-D-lysine (PDL). The two aragonite matrices promoted equally strong cell migration (4.8 and 4.3-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and axonal sprouting (1.96 and 1.95-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). However, CS-PDL had a stronger effect than GA-PDL on the promotion of astrocytic processes elongation (1.7 vs. 1.2-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (3.8 vs. and 1.8-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). These differences are likely to emerge from a reaction of astrocytes to the degree of roughness of the surface of the scaffold, which is higher on CS than on GA. Hence, CS-PDL and GA-PDL are scaffolds of strong capacity to derive neural cell movements and growth required for regeneration, while controlling the extent of astrocytic involvement. As such, implants of PDL-aragonites have significant potential as tools for damage repair and the reduction of scar formation in the brain following trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzachy Morad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Roni Mina Hendler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eyal Canji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Orly Eva Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Guy Sion
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Institute for Land Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 789, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, NSW 2642, Australia
| | - Refael Minnes
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel;
| | - Ania Hava Grushchenko Polaq
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Ido Merfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
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26
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Seckler JM, Lewis SJ. Advances in D-Amino Acids in Neurological Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197325. [PMID: 33023061 PMCID: PMC7582301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids have been known to exist in the human brain for nearly 40 years, and they continue to be a field of active study to today. This review article aims to give a concise overview of the recent advances in D-amino acid research as they relate to the brain and neurological disorders. This work has largely been focused on modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and its relationship to Alzheimer’s disease and Schizophrenia, but there has been a wealth of novel research which has elucidated a novel role for several D-amino acids in altering brain chemistry in a neuroprotective manner. D-amino acids which have no currently known activity in the brain but which have active derivatives will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Seckler
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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27
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Meloni BP, Blacker DJ, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW. Emerging cytoprotective peptide therapies for stroke. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:887-890. [PMID: 32580598 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1788390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science , Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David J Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science , Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science , Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science , Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia , Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Trimble A, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Poly-arginine-18 (R18) Confers Neuroprotection through Glutamate Receptor Modulation, Intracellular Calcium Reduction, and Preservation of Mitochondrial Function. Molecules 2020; 25:E2977. [PMID: 32610439 PMCID: PMC7412265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted that a novel class of neuroprotective peptide, known as cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), have intrinsic neuroprotective properties and are particularly effective anti-excitotoxic agents. As such, the present study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-excitotoxic properties of CARPs, using poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) as a representative peptide. Cortical neuronal cultures subjected to glutamic acid excitotoxicity were used to assess the effects of R18 on ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR)-mediated intracellular calcium influx, and its ability to reduce neuronal injury from raised intracellular calcium levels after inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake by thapsigargin. The results indicate that R18 significantly reduces calcium influx by suppressing iGluR overactivation, and results in preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP production, and reduced ROS generation. R18 also protected cortical neurons against thapsigargin-induced neurotoxicity, which indicates that the peptide helps maintain neuronal survival when intracellular calcium levels are elevated. Taken together, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms of action of R18, supporting its potential application as a neuroprotective therapeutic for acute and chronic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella MacDougall
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Institute for Health Research, School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Institute for Health Research, School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amy Trimble
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Institute for Health Research, School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Frank L. Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Neville W. Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.S.A.); (A.T.); (F.L.M.); (N.W.K.); (B.P.M.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia
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29
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Xie J, Bi Y, Zhang H, Dong S, Teng L, Lee RJ, Yang Z. Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases: From Preclinical Research to Clinical Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:697. [PMID: 32508641 PMCID: PMC7251059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides (fewer than 30 amino acids) that have been predominantly used in basic and preclinical research during the last 30 years. Since they are not only capable of translocating themselves into cells but also facilitate drug or CPP/cargo complexes to translocate across the plasma membrane, they have potential applications in the disease diagnosis and therapy, including cancer, inflammation, central nervous system disorders, otologic and ocular disorders, and diabetes. However, no CPPs or CPP/cargo complexes have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Many issues should be addressed before translating CPPs into clinics. In this review, we summarize recent developments and innovations in preclinical studies and clinical trials based on using CPP for improved delivery, which have revealed that CPPs or CPP-based delivery systems present outstanding diagnostic therapeutic delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bi
- Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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30
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Yu R, Li J, Lin Z, Ouyang Z, Huang X, Reglodi D, Vaudry D. TAT-tagging of VIP exerts positive allosteric modulation of the PAC1 receptor and enhances VIP neuroprotective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129626. [PMID: 32335135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cationic Arginine-rich peptide (CARP) TAT had been tagged at the C-terminal end of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to construct VIP-TAT in order to improve traversing ability. Interestingly, it was found that TAT may bind the positive allosteric modulation (PAM) site of the N-terminal extracellular domain of neuropeptide receptor PAC1 (PAC1-EC1), imitating the C-terminus part of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) PACAP(28-38) fragment. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we addressed the neuroprotective effects of VIP, VIP-TAT and PACAP38 in Parkinson's Disease (PD) cellular and mouse models. We also analyzed the peptides affinity for PAC1 and their ability to activate it. RESULTS VIP-TAT had in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects much efficient than VIP in PD cellular and mouse models. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and competition binding bioassays confirmed that TAT binds PAC1-EC1 at the same site as PACAP(28-38). The cAMP experiments showed TAT-VIP results in a higher activation potency of PAC1 than VIP alone. CONCLUSIONS The correlation of the peptides cationic properties with their affinity for PAC1 and their ability to activate the receptor, indicated that electrostatic interactions mediate the binding of TAT to the PAM domain of the PAC1-EC1, which induces the conformational changes of PAC1-EC1 required to promote the subsequent structural interaction and activation of the receptor with VIP. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE VIP-TAT has some potency for the development of a novel drug targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuochao Lin
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehua Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - David Vaudry
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death, Cell plasticity Team, Rouen, France
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Meloni BP, Chen Y, Harrison KA, Nashed JY, Blacker DJ, South SM, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Winterborn A, Knuckey NW, Cook DJ. Poly-Arginine Peptide-18 (R18) Reduces Brain Injury and Improves Functional Outcomes in a Nonhuman Primate Stroke Model. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:627-634. [PMID: 31833045 PMCID: PMC7283416 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) is neuroprotective in different rodent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke models. In this study, we examined whether R18 treatment could reduce ischemic brain injury and improve functional outcome in a nonhuman primate (NHP) stroke model. A stroke was induced in male cynomolgus macaques by MCAO distal to the orbitofrontal branch of the MCA through a right pterional craniotomy, using a 5-mm titanium aneurysm clip for 90 min. R18 (1000 nmol/kg) or saline vehicle was administered intravenously 60 min after the onset of MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; perfusion-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, or T2-weighted imaging) of the brain was performed 15 min, 24 h, and 28 days post-MCAO, and neurological outcome was assessed using the NHP stroke scale (NHPSS). Experimental endpoint was 28 days post-MCAO, treatments were randomized, and all procedures were performed blinded to treatment status. R18 treatment reduced infarct lesion volume by up to 65.2% and 69.7% at 24 h and 28 days poststroke, respectively. Based on NHPSS scores, R18-treated animals displayed reduced functional deficits. This study confirms the effectiveness of R18 in reducing the severity of ischemic brain injury and improving functional outcomes after stroke in a NHP model, and provides further support for its clinical development as a stroke neuroprotective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yining Chen
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Harrison
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Y Nashed
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha M South
- Office of Research Enterprise, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Winterborn
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J Cook
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen's University Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Tissue distribution of intravenously administrated poly-arginine peptide R18D in healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: R18D is a poly-arginine peptide that has demonstrated neuroprotection in preclinical models of excitotoxicity, stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury. Here, we examined the peptide’s uptake in serum. Materials & methods: Healthy, male Sprague–Dawley rats were intravenously administered either 1000 nmol/kg R18D (D-enantiomer of R18) or approximately 2.5 nmol/kg (36 ± 9 MBq) [18F]R18D, for serum and organ tissue uptake, respectively. Serum samples underwent mass spectrometric analysis to detect unbound R18D peptide. Animals administered [18F]R18D were subjected to positron emission tomography imaging. Results & conclusion: Free R18D was detected at 5 min post-infusion in serum samples. [18F]R18D was rapidly distributed to the kidney (6–7%ID/g), and a small fraction localized to the brain (0.115–0.123%ID/g) over a 60-min acquisition period.
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Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW. Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action. Front Neurol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32158425 PMCID: PMC7052017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of new neuroprotective molecules. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an expanding and relatively novel class of compounds, which possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. Intriguingly, CARPs possess a combination of biological properties unprecedented for a neuroprotective agent including the ability to traverse cell membranes and enter the CNS, antagonize calcium influx, target mitochondria, stabilize proteins, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, induce pro-survival signaling, scavenge toxic molecules, and reduce oxidative stress as well as, having a range of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer actions. CARPs have also been used as carrier molecules for the delivery of other putative neuroprotective agents across the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier. However, there is increasing evidence that the neuroprotective efficacy of many, if not all these other agents delivered using a cationic arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CCPPs) carrier (e.g., TAT) may actually be mediated largely by the properties of the carrier molecule, with overall efficacy further enhanced according to the amino acid composition of the cargo peptide, in particular its arginine content. Therefore, in reviewing the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CARPs we also consider studies using CCPPs fused to a putative neuroprotective peptide. We review the history of CARPs in neuroprotection and discuss in detail the intrinsic biological properties that may contribute to their cytoprotective effects and their usefulness as a broad-acting class of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Borsari C, Trader DJ, Tait A, Costi MP. Designing Chimeric Molecules for Drug Discovery by Leveraging Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1908-1928. [PMID: 32023055 PMCID: PMC7997565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
After the first seed concept introduced in the 18th century, different disciplines have attributed different names to dual-functional molecules depending on their application, including bioconjugates, bifunctional compounds, multitargeting molecules, chimeras, hybrids, engineered compounds. However, these engineered constructs share a general structure: a first component that targets a specific cell and a second component that exerts the pharmacological activity. A stable or cleavable linker connects the two modules of a chimera. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of chimeric molecules leveraging chemical biology concepts. This Perspective is focused on bifunctional compounds in which one component is a lead compound or a drug. In detail, we discuss chemical features of chimeric molecules and their use for targeted delivery and for target engagement studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Annalisa Tait
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria P Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Ji YR, Homaeigohar S, Wang YH, Lin C, Su TY, Cheng CC, Yang SH, Young TH. Selective Regulation of Neurons, Glial Cells, and Neural Stem/Precursor Cells by Poly(allylguanidine)-Coated Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48381-48392. [PMID: 31845571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(allylguanidine) (PAG) was synthesized and characterized as a polycationic coating material for culturing neurons, glial cells, and neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) to apply PAG for neural tissue engineering. For comparison, poly-d-lysine (PDL), the golden benchmark of the neuron cell culture system, was also used in this study. When PAG was subjected to a mixed culture of neurons and glial cells, cell adhesion and neurite extension of neuronal cells were clearly observed but only few glial cells could be found alongside the neurons. Compared to PDL, the significantly lower density of the glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells implied that PAG suppressed the glial cell development. Likewise, PAG was demonstrated to dominate the differentiation of NSPCs principally into neurons. To investigate whether the different effects of PAG and PDL on neuron and glial cell behaviors resulted from the difference of guanidinium cations and ammonium cations, poly-l-arginine (PLA) was included and compared in this study. Similar to PDL, PLA supported high neuron and glial cell viability simultaneously. Consequently, glial cell growth and viability restrained on PAG was not only affected by the side-chain guanidino groups but also by the backbone structure property. The absence of the peptide structure in the backbone of PAG and the conformation of coated PAG on tissue culture polystyrene possibly determined the polycationic biomaterial to limit the growth of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Shahin Homaeigohar
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science , Aalto University , Kemistintie 1 , 00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Yu-Hsin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Yuan-Ze University , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | | | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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Shekunova EV, Kashkin VA, Muzhikyan AА, Makarova MN, Balabanyan VY, Makarov VG. Therapeutic efficacy of arginine-rich exenatide on diabetic neuropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172835. [PMID: 31794708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with a number of health complications. More than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetic polyneuropathy, which involves the presence of peripheral nerve dysfunction symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a new synthetic arginine-rich exendin-4 (Peptide D) in the treatment of complications caused by diabetes, including peripheral neuropathy, in rats. Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin (STZ). Three groups of diabetic rats were treated with Peptide D (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/kg). One group of diabetic rats was treated with Byetta® (1 μg/kg) for 80 days. Neuropathic pain development was assessed by tactile allodynia. STZ-treated rats showed an increased level of tactile allodynia unlike naïve animals. A histological study revealed that the diameter of the sciatic nerve fibers in STZ-treated rats was smaller than that of the naïve animals. An IHC study demonstrated decreased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats compared to that in the naïve animals. Peptide D reduced the severity of tactile allodynia. This effect was more pronounced in the Peptide D treated groups than in the group treated with Byetta®. Peptide D and Byetta® treatment resulted in increased MBP expression in the sciatic nerve and increased diameter of myelinated nerve fibers. These findings suggest that poly-arginine peptides are promising agents for the treatment of peripheral polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Shekunova
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kashkin
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Arman А Muzhikyan
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; Konstantinov Institute of Nuclear Physics, The Leningrad Region, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
| | - Marina N Makarova
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
| | - Vadim Y Balabanyan
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - Valery G Makarov
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
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Liddle L, Reinders R, South S, Blacker D, Knuckey N, Colbourne F, Meloni B. Poly-arginine-18 peptides do not exacerbate bleeding, or improve functional outcomes following collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224870. [PMID: 31697775 PMCID: PMC6837498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have demonstrated neuroprotective and/or behavioural efficacy in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and traumatic brain injury models. Therefore, in this study we investigated the safety and neuroprotective efficacy of the CARPs poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer R18D given in the acute bleeding phase in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats received collagenase-induced ICH. Study 1 examined various doses of R18D (30, 100, 300, or 1000 nmol/kg) or R18 (100, 300, 1000 nmol/kg) administered intravenously 30 minutes post-collagenase injection on hemorrhage volume 24 hours after ICH. Study 2 examined R18D (single intravenous dose) or R18 (single intravenous dose, plus 6 daily intraperitoneal doses) at 300 or 1000 nmol/kg commencing 30 minutes post-collagenase injection on behavioural outcomes (Montoya staircase test, and horizontal ladder test) in the chronic post-ICH period. A histological assessment of tissue loss was assessed using a Nissl stain at 28 days after ICH. Results When administered during ongoing bleeding, neither R18 or R18D exacerbated hematoma volume or worsened functional deficits. Lesion volume assessment at 28 days post-ICH was not reduced by the peptides; however, animals treated with the lower R18D 300 nmol/kg dose, but not with the higher 1000 nmol/kg dose, demonstrated a statistically increased lesion size compared to saline treated animals. Conclusion Overall, both R18 and R18D appeared to be safe when administered during a period of ongoing bleeding following ICH. Neither peptide appears to have any statistically significant effect in reducing lesion volume or improving functional recovery after ICH. Additional studies are required to further assess dose efficacy and safety in pre-clinical ICH studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Liddle
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan Reinders
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha South
- Office of Research Enterprise, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Neville Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruno Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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In vitro cellular uptake and neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine-18 (R18) and poly-ornithine-18 (O18) peptides: critical role of arginine guanidinium head groups for neuroprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:27-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Proteomic analysis of cortical neuronal cultures treated with poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) and exposed to glutamic acid excitotoxicity. Mol Brain 2019; 12:66. [PMID: 31315638 PMCID: PMC6637488 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) has recently emerged as a highly effective neuroprotective agent in experimental stroke models, and is particularly efficacious in protecting cortical neurons against glutamic acid excitotoxicity. While we have previously demonstrated that R18 can reduce excitotoxicity-induced neuronal calcium influx, other molecular events associated with R18 neuroprotection are yet to investigated. Therefore, in this study we were particularly interested in protein expression changes in R18 treated neurons subjected to excitotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was used to compare protein expression patterns in primary cortical neuronal cultures subjected to: (i) R18-treatment alone (R18); (ii) glutamic acid excitotoxic injury (Glut); (iii) R18-treatment and glutamic acid injury (R18 + Glut); (iv) no treatment (Cont). Whole cell lysates were harvested 24 h post-injury and subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis (iTRAQ), coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Relative to control cultures, R18, Glut, and R18 + Glut treatment resulted in the detection of 5, 95 and 14 DEPs respectively. Compared to Glut alone, R18 + Glut revealed 98 DEPs, including 73 proteins whose expression was also altered by treatment with Glut and/or R18 alone, as well as 25 other uniquely regulated proteins. R18 treatment reversed the up- or down-regulation of all 73 Glut-associated DEPs, which included proteins involved in mitochondrial integrity, ATP generation, mRNA processing and protein translation. Analysis of protein-protein interactions of the 73 DEPs showed they were primarily associated with mitochondrial respiration, proteasome activity and protein synthesis, transmembrane trafficking, axonal growth and neuronal differentiation, and carbohydrate metabolism. Identified protein pathways associated with proteostasis and energy metabolism, and with pathways involved in neurodegeneration. Collectively, the findings indicate that R18 neuroprotection following excitotoxicity is associated with preservation of neuronal protein profiles, and differential protein expression that assists in maintaining mitochondrial function and energy production, protein homeostasis, and membrane trafficking. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13041-019-0486-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella MacDougall
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Ground Floor, RR Block, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia. .,School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Ground Floor, RR Block, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Ground Floor, RR Block, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Ground Floor, RR Block, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Ground Floor, RR Block, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Xu J, Khan AR, Fu M, Wang R, Ji J, Zhai G. Cell-penetrating peptide: a means of breaking through the physiological barriers of different tissues and organs. J Control Release 2019; 309:106-124. [PMID: 31323244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective infiltration of cell membranes and tissue barriers often blocks the entry of most active molecules. This natural defense mechanism prevents the invasion of exogenous substances and limits the therapeutic value of most available molecules. Therefore, it is particularly important to find appropriate ways of membrane translocation and therapeutic agent delivery to its target site. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a group of short peptides harnessed in this condition, possessing a significant capacity for membrane transduction and could be exploited to transfer various biologically active cargoes into the cells. Since their discovery, CPPs have been employed for delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic molecules to treat various disorders including cranial nerve involvement, ocular inflammation, myocardial ischemia, dermatosis and cancer. The promising results of CPPs-derived therapeutics in various tumor models demonstrated a potential and worthwhile scope of CPPs in chemotherapy. This review describes the detailed description of CPPs and CPPs-assisted molecular delivery against various tissues and organs disorders. An emphasis is focused on summarizing the novel insights and achievements of CPPs in surmounting the natural membrane barriers during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Abdur Rauf Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Manfei Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rujuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Meloni BP, South SM, Gill DA, Marriott AL, Déziel RA, Jacques A, Blacker DJ, Knuckey NW. Poly-Arginine Peptides R18 and R18D Improve Functional Outcomes After Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke in the Sprague Dawley Rat. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:426-435. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
| | - Samantha M South
- Office of Research Enterprise, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Angela Jacques
- Sir Charles Gairdner Group, Department of Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences, Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - David J Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
- Department of Neurology, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
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Chiu LS, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Clark VW, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Poly-arginine Peptide R18D Reduces Neuroinflammation and Functional Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-Evans Rat. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-09799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Panahi Y, Mojtahedzadeh M, Najafi A, Rajaee SM, Torkaman M, Sahebkar A. Neuroprotective Agents in the Intensive Care Unit: -Neuroprotective Agents in ICU. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:226-240. [PMID: 30652049 PMCID: PMC6333194 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection or prevention of neuronal loss is a complicated molecular process that is mediated by various cellular pathways. Use of different pharmacological agents as neuroprotectants has been reported especially in the last decades. These neuroprotective agents act through inhibition of inflammatory processes and apoptosis, attenuation of oxidative stress and reduction of free radicals. Control of this injurious molecular process is essential to the reduction of neuronal injuries and is associated with improved functional outcomes and recovery of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit. This study reviews neuroprotective agents and their mechanisms of action against central nervous system damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Atabak Najafi
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group(GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN), Tehran,
Iran
| | - Seyyed Mahdi Rajaee
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group(GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN), Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mohammad Torkaman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,
Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,
Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,
Iran
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MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:17-33. [PMID: 30218759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. In recent years, cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have been identified as a novel class of neuroprotective agent with several demonstrated mechanisms of action, including their ability to target mitochondria and exert positive effects on the organelle. This review provides an overview on neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemic stroke pathophysiology and highlights the potential beneficial effects of CARPs on mitochondria in the ischaemic brain following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella MacDougall
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Edwards AB, Anderton RS, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Assessment of therapeutic window for poly-arginine-18D (R18D) in a P7 rat model of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1816-1826. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Edwards
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research; The University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research; The University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Neville W. Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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Glineburg MR, Todd PK, Charlet-Berguerand N, Sellier C. Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation and other molecular mechanisms in Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome. Brain Res 2018; 1693:43-54. [PMID: 29453961 PMCID: PMC6010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive intention tremor, gait ataxia and dementia associated with mild brain atrophy. The cause of FXTAS is a premutation expansion, of 55 to 200 CGG repeats localized within the 5'UTR of FMR1. These repeats are transcribed in the sense and antisense directions into mutants RNAs, which have increased expression in FXTAS. Furthermore, CGG sense and CCG antisense expanded repeats are translated into novel proteins despite their localization in putatively non-coding regions of the transcript. Here we focus on two proposed disease mechanisms for FXTAS: 1) RNA gain-of-function, whereby the mutant RNAs bind specific proteins and preclude their normal functions, and 2) repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation, whereby translation through the CGG or CCG repeats leads to the production of toxic homopolypeptides, which in turn interfere with a variety of cellular functions. Here, we analyze the data generated to date on both of these potential molecular mechanisms and lay out a path forward for determining which factors drive FXTAS pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Chantal Sellier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
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Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Neuroprotective Peptide Therapies: A Case for Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs). Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8080147. [PMID: 30087289 PMCID: PMC6119922 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with survivors suffering significant neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. While hypothermia is used clinically to reduce neurological injury following HIE, it is only used for term infants (>36 weeks gestation) in tertiary hospitals and improves outcomes in only 30% of patients. For these reasons, a more effective and easily administrable pharmacological therapeutic agent, that can be used in combination with hypothermia or alone when hypothermia cannot be applied, is urgently needed to treat pre-term (≤36 weeks gestation) and term infants suffering HIE. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), which include many cell-penetrating peptides [CPPs; e.g., transactivator of transcription (TAT) and poly-arginine-9 (R9; 9-mer of arginine)], possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. For example, we have demonstrated that poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer (R18D) are neuroprotective in vitro following neuronal excitotoxicity, and in vivo following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this paper, we review studies that have used CARPs and other peptides, including putative neuroprotective peptides fused to TAT, in animal models of perinatal HIE. We critically evaluate the evidence that supports our hypothesis that CARP neuroprotection is mediated by peptide arginine content and positive charge and that CARPs represent a novel potential therapeutic for HIE.
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Small Molecules Attenuate the Interplay between Conformational Fluctuations, Early Oligomerization and Amyloidosis of Alpha Synuclein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5481. [PMID: 29615762 PMCID: PMC5882917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha synuclein has strong implications in Parkinson’s disease. The heterogeneity of folding/aggregation landscape and transient nature of the early intermediates result in difficulty in developing a successful therapeutic intervention. Here we used fluorescence measurements at ensemble and single molecule resolution to study how the late and early events of alpha synuclein aggregation modulate each other. In-vitro aggregation data was complemented using measurements inside live neuroblastoma cells by employing a small molecule labeling technique. An inhibitor molecule (arginine), which delayed the late event of amyloidosis, was found to bind to the protein, shifting the early conformational fluctuations towards a compact state. In contrast, a facilitator of late aggregation (glutamate), was found to be excluded from the protein surface. The presence of glutamate was found to speed up the oligomer formation at the early stage. We found that the effects of the inhibitor and facilitator were additive and as a result they maintained a ratio at which they cancelled each other’s influence on different stages of alpha synuclein aggregation.
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Milani D, Bakeberg MC, Cross JL, Clark VW, Anderton RS, Blacker DJ, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Comparison of neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine R18 and R18D (D-enantiomer) peptides following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the Wistar rat and in vitro toxicity studies. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513757 PMCID: PMC5841795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that arginine-rich and poly-arginine peptides possess potent neuroprotective properties, with poly-arginine peptide R18 identified as being highly effective at reducing infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the Sprague Dawley rat. Since peptides synthesised using D-isoform amino acids have greater stability than L-isoform peptides due to increased resistance to proteolytic degradation, they represent potentially more effective peptide therapeutics. Therefore we compared the neuroprotective efficacy of R18 and its D-enantiomer R18D following permanent MCAO in the Wistar rat. Furthermore, as increased peptide stability may also increase peptide toxicity, we examined the effects of R18 and R18D on cultured cortical neurons, astrocytes, brain endothelial cells (bEND.3), and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) following a 10-minute or 24-hour peptide exposure duration. The in vivo studies demonstrated that R18D resulted in a greater reduction in mean infarct volume compared to R18 (33%, p = 0.004 vs 12%, p = 0.27) after intravenous administration at 300 nmol/kg 30 minutes after MCAO. Both R18D and R18 reduced cerebral hemisphere swelling to a comparable degree (27%, p = 0.03 and 30%, p = 0.02), and improved neurological assessment scores (1.5, p = 0.02 and 2, p = 0.058 vs 3 for vehicle). No abnormal histological findings specific to peptide treatments were observed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of kidney, liver, spleen, lung and heart. In vitro studies demonstrated that R18 and R18D were most toxic to neurons, followed by astrocytes, HEK293 and bEND.3 cells, but only at high concentrations and/or following 24-hour exposure. These findings further highlight the neuroprotective properties of poly-arginine peptides, and indicate that R18D at the dose examined is more potent than R18 in Wistar rats, and justify continued investigation of the R18 peptide as a novel neuroprotective agent for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Milani
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Megan C. Bakeberg
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane L. Cross
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vince W. Clark
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - David J. Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Neville W. Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands, Australia, Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Poly-arginine R18 and R18D (D-enantiomer) peptides reduce infarct volume and improves behavioural outcomes following perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in the P7 rat. Mol Brain 2018; 11:8. [PMID: 29426351 PMCID: PMC5810179 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the neuroprotective efficacy of the poly-arginine peptide R18 and its D-enantiomer R18D in a perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) model in P7 Sprague-Dawley rats. R18 and R18D peptides were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 30, 100, 300 or 1000 nmol/kg immediately after HI (8% O2/92%N2 for 2.5 h). The previously characterised neuroprotective JNKI-1-TATD peptide at a dose of 1000 nmol/kg was used as a control. Infarct volume and behavioural outcomes were measured 48 h after HI. For the R18 and R18D doses examined, total infarct volume was reduced by 25.93% to 43.80% (P = 0.038 to < 0.001). By comparison, the JNKI-1-TATD reduced lesion volume by 25.27% (P = 0.073). Moreover, R18 and R18D treatment resulted in significant improvements in behavioural outcomes, while with JNKI-1-TATD there was a trend towards improvement. As an insight into the likely mechanism underlying the effects of R18, R18D and JNKI-1-TATD, the peptides were added to cortical neuronal cultures exposed to glutamic acid excitotoxicity, resulting in up to 89, 100 and 71% neuroprotection, respectively, and a dose dependent inhibition of neuronal calcium influx. The study further confirms the neuroprotective properties of poly-arginine peptides, and suggests a potential therapeutic role for R18 and R18D in the treatment of HIE.
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