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Qi S, Ma A, Lin H, Peng L, Deng E. The effect of inflammatory cytokines on the risk of hypertrophic scar: a mendelian randomization study. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:551. [PMID: 39167160 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) results from burns or trauma, causing aesthetic and functional issues. However, observational studies have linked inflammatory cytokines to HS, but the causal pathways involved are unclear. We aimed to determine how circulating inflammatory cytokines contribute to HS formation. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to identify genetic variants associated with hypertrophic scar in a comprehensive, publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 766 patients and 207,482 controls of European descent. Additionally, data on 91 plasma proteins were drawn from a GWAS summary involving 14,824 healthy participants. Causal relationships between exposures and outcomes were investigated primarily using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Furthermore, a suite of sensitivity analyses, including MR‒Egger and weighted median approaches, were concurrently employed to fortify the robustness of the conclusive findings. Finally, reverse MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the plausibility of reverse causation between hypertrophic scar and the cytokines identified in our study. In inflammatory cytokines, there was evidence of inverse associations of osteoprotegerin(OPG) levels(OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41 ∼ 0.85, p = 0.01), and leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) levels(OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32 ∼ 0.82, p = 0.01) are a nominally negative association with hypertrophic scar risk, while CUB domain-domain-containing protein 1(CDCP1) level(OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41 ∼ 0.85, p = 0.01) glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) levels(OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.03 ∼ 1.96, p = 0.01) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) levels(OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.92 ∼ 2.11, p = 0.04) showed a positive association with hypertrophic scar risk. These associations were similar in the sensitivity analyses. According to our MR findings, OPG and LIF have a protective effect on hypertrophic scar, while CDCP1, GDNF, and PD-L1 have a risk-increasing effect on Hypertrophic scar. Our study adds to the current knowledge on the role of specific inflammatory biomarker pathways in hypertrophic scar. Further validation is needed to assess the potential of these cytokines as pharmacological or lifestyle targets for hypertrophic scar prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seven Qi
- Shantou University, Guangdong Province, 515000, China
| | - Ashia Ma
- Shantou University, Guangdong Province, 515000, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shantou University, Guangdong Province, 515000, China
| | - Liangyuan Peng
- Liupanshui Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou Province, 553000, China
| | - Eminlam Deng
- Shantou University, Guangdong Province, 515000, China.
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2
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Hu L, Bao Z. Inhibitory effect of a novel Curcumin derivative DMC-HA on keloid fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2398-2409. [PMID: 38284901 PMCID: PMC10911336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Keloids pose a significant dermatological challenge, marked by abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen deposition in response to skin injury or trauma. In the present study, we introduce DMC-HA, a derivative of Curcumin, as a promising candidate for keloid treatment. DMC-HA is poised to provide superior therapeutic benefits compared to Curcumin due to its structural modifications. Examining the comparative effects of DMC-HA and Curcumin on keloid fibroblasts can offer insights into their potential as therapeutic agents and the underlying mechanisms in keloid pathogenesis. In our study, CCK-8 experiments revealed that, at equivalent concentrations, DMC-HA demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts compared to Curcumin. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that DMC-HA induced fibroblast apoptosis more significantly than Curcumin at the same concentration. Further data demonstrated that DMC-HA notably increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulated the expression levels of Bax, cleaved PARP, and cleaved Caspase-3. Interestingly, the impact of DMC-HA was reversed upon the application of the antioxidant NAC. Additionally, DMC-HA could suppress IL-6-induced increased expression of p-STAT3. Collectively, our findings suggest that DMC-HA is more effective than Curcumin in inhibiting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts. The underlying mechanism of its action appears to be associated with the augmentation of ROS induction and the concurrent inhibition of STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Chen JY, Feng QL, Pan HH, Zhu DH, He RL, Deng CC, Yang B. An Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Single-Arm Clinical Trial of Tofacitinib, an Oral JAK1 and JAK3 Kinase Inhibitor, in Chinese Patients with Keloid. Dermatology 2023; 239:818-827. [PMID: 37643592 DOI: 10.1159/000532064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The keloid treatment is still a thorny and complicated clinical problem, especially in multiple keloids induced by wound, severe burn, ethnic background or cultural behaviors, or unexplained skin healing. Mainstream treatments have limited efficacy in treating multiple keloids. As no oral treatment with painlessness and convenience is available, oral treatment strategies should be formulated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of oral tofacitinib in keloid patients. METHODS We recruited the 7 patients with keloid scars and prescribed 5 mg of tofacitinib twice a day orally with a maximum follow-up of 12 weeks. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), ANTERA 3D camera, and the DUB Skin Scanner 75 were used to assess the characteristics of the lesion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate collagen synthesis, proliferation, and relative molecular pathways. Moreover, the effects of tofacitinib were assessed on keloid fibroblast in vitro. RESULTS After 12 weeks of oral tofacitinib, significant improvement in POSAS, VSS, and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores was observed (p < 0.05). The volume, lesion height, and dermis thickness of the keloid decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in the expression of collagen I, Ki67, p-STAT 3, and p-SMAD2 were observed after 12 weeks of administration. In vitro experiments suggested that tofacitinib treatment inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen I synthesis via suppression of STAT3 and SMAD2 pathway. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib, a new candidate oral drug for keloid, could reduce keloid lesion volume by inhibiting collagen synthesis and inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, and alleviate itch and pain to obtain a better life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Qing-Lan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Liang He
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Neves LMG, Wilgus TA, Bayat A. In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Approaches for Investigation of Skin Scarring: Human and Animal Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:97-116. [PMID: 34915768 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The cutaneous repair process naturally results in different types of scarring that are classified as normal or pathological. Affected individuals are often affected from an esthetic, physical (functional), and psychosocial perspective. The distinct nature of scarring in humans, particularly the formation of pathological scars, makes the study of skin scarring a challenge for researchers in this area. Several established experimental models exist for studying scar formation. However, the increasing development and validation of newly emerging models have made it possible to carry out studies focused on different variables that influence this unique process. Recent Advances: Experimental models such as in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have obtained different degrees of success in the reproduction of the scar formation in its native milieu and true environment. These models also differ in their ability to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and structural mechanisms involved in scarring, as well as for testing new agents and approaches for therapies. The models reviewed here, including cells derived from human skin and in vivo animal models, have contributed to the advancement of skin scarring research. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The absence of experimental models that faithfully reproduce the typical characteristics of the different types of human skin scars makes the improvement of validated models and the establishment of new ones a critical unmet need. The fields of wound healing research combined with tissue engineering have offered newer alternatives for experimental studies with the potential to provide clinically useful knowledge about scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M G Neves
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, Wound Healing Theme, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Traci A Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, Wound Healing Theme, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Yin Q, Wolkerstorfer A, Lapid O, Niessen FB, Van Zuijlen PPM, Gibbs S. The JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis: a systematic review with qualitative synthesis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:588-598. [PMID: 36652549 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Keloid tissues contain inflammatory cells and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway mediate cellular responses to these cytokines. We performed a systematic review on the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and the evidence for JAK-STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The search combined the terms (1) keloid and (2) JAK or TYK or STAT and included MeSH terms and synonyms. Two reviewers screened the articles and assessed the full texts on eligibility. Data were collected on the tested drugs and molecules, the type of cells and tissues used in the experiments, and study findings on the association between the JAK-STAT pathway and keloid cells and tissues. A total of twenty preclinical studies were included. Eleven preclinical studies proved that STAT3 expression and phosphorylation are enhanced in keloid tissue and keloid fibroblasts. Thirteen different JAK and/or STAT inhibitors were investigated. Tested drugs inhibited keloid progression as demonstrated by different processes, including reduced collagen production, cell proliferation and migration, increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant responses, decreased (paracrine) signalling, and decreased profibrotic gene expression. No clinical studies have been published to date. Preclinical studies indicate a role for the JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and a potential role for JAK-STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The effect of these drugs should be further investigated on relevant biomarkers in a human keloid skin model, preferably including immune cells besides keloid fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oren Lapid
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P M Van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Burn Center and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Lee CC, Tsai CH, Chen CH, Yeh YC, Chung WH, Chen CB. An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117630. [PMID: 37033989 PMCID: PMC10075205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a type of disfiguring pathological scarring unique to human skin. The disorder is characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Immune cell infiltration is a hallmark of both normal and pathological tissue repair. However, the immunopathological mechanisms of keloid remain unclear. Recent studies have uncovered the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity in modulating the aberrant behavior of keloid fibroblasts. Several novel therapeutics attempting to restore regulation of the immune microenvironment have shown variable efficacy. We review the current understanding of keloid immunopathogenesis and highlight the potential roles of immune pathway-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chun-Bing Chen, ;
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7
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Suwanchinda A, Nararatwanchai T. Efficacy and safety of the innovative cold atmospheric-pressure plasma technology in the treatment of keloid: A randomized controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6788-6797. [PMID: 36120805 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloid (KD) treatment is challenging for both physicians and patients. It can be functional debilitating and psychologically distressing. Available current therapeutics modalities give inconsistently effective results. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of innovative cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology in the treatment of keloid. METHODS This prospective, randomized control trial, the assessor-blinded trial, includes 18 patients with keloids. The keloid lesion was divided into two halves. One side was randomly treated with CAP technology biweekly on the same treated side for five sessions with a follow-up 30 days after finishing the final treatment. Another half was left untreated as a control. Efficacy assessment using POSAS, VSS, Patients' satisfaction scale, Antera 3D® skin imaging system. The safety assessment using VAS and adverse effects monitoring was completed. RESULTS Objective assessment using Antera 3D® skin imaging system (Miravex, Dublin, Ireland) showed statistically significant improvement (p-value <0.05) on the treated side compared with the untreated side in all parameters, color, melanin, hemoglobin, texture, except for volume. POSAS, patient, and observer overall opinion score, and patient and observer total score in the summary of all rated characteristics, comparing the treated and untreated areas, showed a statistically significant reduction in all parameters after two treatments (*p-value <0.05). VSS showed statistically significant improvement after the second treatment and continued to the last follow-up. Most patients rated satisfaction scales up to 72.2% as moderate improvement, 11.1% as great improvement, 11.1% as slight improvement, and 5.6% as no change. The adverse effect was only a small scab in one patient. CONCLUSION CAP technology could be considered an alternative treatment for keloid offering mild-to-moderate improvement with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchima Suwanchinda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai
- Department of Dermatology, School of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Comparative assessment of commercially available wound gels in ex vivo human skin reveals major differences in immune response-modulatory effects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17481. [PMID: 36261541 PMCID: PMC9581930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a crucial process for maintaining the function of human skin as a protective barrier to pathogens and other external stress factors. Hydrogels-in combination with antimicrobials-are often used, as moist wound care has been widely accepted as standard therapy. Recently, we reported about immune response-modulatory effects of an octenidine-based hydrogel, however little is known about the mechanism of action of other hydrogels including antiseptic molecules or chlorine-based and chlorine-releasing agents, respectively. The aim of this study was the comparative assessment of commercially available wound gels (octenilin®, Prontosan®, Lavanid®, Betadona®, ActiMaris®, Microdacyn60®, VeriforteTMmed) with regard to their effects on the secretion of distinct cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), matrix-metalloproteinases as well as their potential to cause alterations in skin structure and apoptosis. Hence, tape-stripped human ex vivo skin biopsies were treated topically with wound gels and cultured for 48 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and an enzyme activity assay of culture supernatants revealed that octenilin® demonstrates significantly broader anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory capacities than other wound gels. Further, haematoxylin & eosin as well as caspase-3 staining of treated biopsies showed that octenilin® does not alter skin morphology and shows the least interfering effect on human epidermal cells compared to untreated controls. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates totally different effects for several commercially available hydrogels in our wound model, which gives also new insight into their tissue compatibility and mode of action.
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9
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Quan Q, Weng D, Li X, An Q, Yang Y, Yu B, Ma Y, Wang J. Analysis of drug efficacy for inflammatory skin on an organ-chip system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939629. [PMID: 36118585 PMCID: PMC9478476 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial skin infections cause a variety of common skin diseases that require drugs that are safer than antibiotics and have fewer side effects. However, for evaluating skin disease drugs, human skin tissue in vitro constructed traditionally on Transwell has inefficient screening ability because of its fragile barrier function. With mechanical forces and dynamic flow, the organ-on-a-chip system became an innovative, automatic, and modular way to construct pathological models and analyze effective pharmaceutical ingredients in vitro. In this research, we integrated skin extracellular matrix and skin cells into a microfluidic chip to construct a biomimetic “interface-controlled-skin-on-chip” system (IC-SoC), which constructed a stable air–liquid interface (ALI) and necessary mechanical signals for the development of human skin equivalents. The results demonstrated that in the microfluidic system with a flowing microenvironment and ALI, the skin tissue formed in vitro could differentiate into more mature tissue morphological structures and improve barrier function. Then, following exposing the skin surface on the IC-SoC to the stimulation of Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) and SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate), the barrier function decreased, as well as inflammatory factors such as IL-1α, IL-8, and PEG2 increased in the medium channel of the IC-SoC. After this pathological skin model was treated with dexamethasone and polyphyllin H, the results showed that polyphyllin H had a significant repair effect on the skin barrier and a significant inhibition effect on the release of inflammation-related cytokines, and the effects were more prominent than dexamethasone. This automated microfluidic system delivers an efficient tissue model for toxicological applications and drug evaluation for bacterial-infected damaged skin instead of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Ding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Quan An
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- East Asia Skin Health Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Ma, ; Jiadao Wang,
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Ma, ; Jiadao Wang,
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10
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Liu Y, Hu M, Fan G, Xing N, Zhang R. Effect of Baricitinib on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells induced by IL-6. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109044. [PMID: 35850052 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the common complications of Connective tissue disease (CTD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main pathological mechanisms of ILD. IL-6 may induce ILD through the JAK/STAT pathway. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of IL-6 on the EMT of alveolar epithelial cells and inhibition JAK/STAT pathway with Baricitinib on the EMT of alveolar epithelial cells is helpful in revealing the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD and guiding treatment. METHODS Electrochemiluminescence was applied to detect the changes in serum IL-6 levels before and after treatment in 37 patients with anti-synthetase syndrome-associated ILD; A549 cells (a human AEC cell line) were incubated with IL-6, Baricitinib, or both IL-6 and Baricitinib, and changes in EMT-related markers levels were measured using real-time PCR, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The related proteins in the JAK/STAT signaling pathways were examined by western blot. The level of Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Serum IL-6 level in patients with anti-synthetase syndrome-associated ILD was significantly higher than that in health (6.78(4.19, 16.14)pg/ml vs. 2.10(1.43, 5.18)pg/ml, p < 0.01). The level of IL-6 in the improvement group of ASS-ILD was considerably decreased than that before treatment(before(7.48(4.54, 22.76) pg/mL vs. 5.00(3.46, 11.32)pg/mL, p < 0.01), p < 0.01), and the level of IL-6 in the progressive group of ASS-ILD was significantly higher than that before treatment(before(7.49(6.77, 35.80) pg/mL vs. 30.02(8.01, 82.98) pg/mL, p < 0.05). IL-6 increased the expression of epithelial phenotypic marker E-cadherin and inhibited mesenchymal phenotypic markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin in A549 cells. Moreover, IL-6-induced EMT was attenuated by Baricitinib. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 activated the phosphorylation of JAK1/2, STAT3, and Baricitinib, partially inhibiting these changes in this process. Baricitinib reduced the secretion of CTGF and Hyp in A549 cells. CONCLUSION The significant higher level of IL-6 in patients with anti-synthase syndrome-associated ILD may be related to disease activity and recurrence. Our results suggest that Baricitinib attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells in the presence of IL-6 through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Guanzhi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, China
| | - Nanshu Xing
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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11
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Li S, Zhang M, Long X, Wang X. Relative perfusion index: An objective, quantitative and noninvasive method for evaluating the severity of keloids. Lasers Surg Med Suppl 2022; 54:1071-1081. [PMID: 35822861 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloids are the result of abnormal wound healing, and they differ from the normal skin of the patient in the level of blood perfusion and the degrees of inflammation, hypoxia, regeneration of vessels, and expression of sensory receptors. However, there is no objective assessment method to accurately characterize the severity of keloids. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perfusion levels of keloids and the expression levels of various internal cytokines, including hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-17 (IL-17), HT2A receptor subtype (5-HT2A R), and H1R, in keloids and nonadjacent normal skin and to propose a laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI)-based relative perfusion index (RPI), through which keloids can be divided into five grades to objectively characterize their severity. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study included 70 untreated keloid patients who each had only one keloid on the chest. LSCI was used to measure the area of each patient's keloid ( K area ${K}_{\mathrm{area}}$ ) and the perfusion level of each patient's keloid ( K perfusion ${K}_{\mathrm{perfusion}}$ ) and normal skin ( N perfusion ${N}_{\mathrm{perfusion}}$ ). The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and pruritus were also used to assess each keloid. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of various internal cytokines in keloids and normal skin. We compared the perfusion and expression levels of intrinsic cytokines between keloids and normal skin. We established the RPI to grade the severity of keloids and applied different methods to test the utility of the RPI. RESULTS The mean perfusion level of keloids was significantly higher than that of normal skin (p < 0.001). The expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, IL-17, 5-HT2A R, and H1R in keloids were significantly higher than those in normal skin (p < 0.05). RPI was defined as: [ ( K perfusion - N perfusion ) × 0.03 + K area × 0.001 ] . $[({K}_{\mathrm{perfusion}}-{N}_{\mathrm{perfusion}})\times 0.03+{K}_{\mathrm{area}}\times 0.001].$ The severity of keloids could be divided into five grades based on RPI. The RPI had a higher correlation with the pain-VAS, pruritus-VAS, and the expression levels of internal cytokines in keloids than blood perfusion levels and the VSS. T-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) was also used to verify the clinical discriminatory abilities of this RPI model. CONCLUSIONS The proposed RPI based on LSCI showed the highest accuracy, unlike the VSS and assessment of perfusion, and can be utilized as a reliable, objective, quantitative, and noninvasive tool to evaluate the severity of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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He Y, Zou C, Cai Z. Construction and Comprehensive Analysis of the ceRNA Network to Reveal Key Genes for Benign Tracheal Stenosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:891741. [PMID: 35812753 PMCID: PMC9261475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the possible biological functions of the differentially expressed genes in patients with benign tracheal stenosis, and to provide a valuable molecular basis for investigating the pathogenesis of benign tracheal stenosis. Method: Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples collected from patients with benign tracheal stenosis and normal controls. Differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA were analyzed using the DESeq2 package. The protein interaction networks for differentially expressed mRNAs were constructed by STRING. The results of gene co-expression network analysis, Starbase database prediction, and differential gene expression were combined to construct a competing endogenous RNA network. The transcription factors of key genes were predicted using the Network Analyst database and a transcription factor-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. The classical pathways, intermolecular interaction networks, and upstream regulatory components of key genes were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Finally, the DGIDB database was used to predict the potential therapeutic drugs to target the identified key genes. Result: Based on mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA expression data, we found that differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in oxygen transport, neutrophil activation, immune response, and oxygen binding. Then the pearson correlation between mRNAs of 46 key genes and lncRNAs and cricRNAs were calculated, and the correlation greater than 0.9 were selected to construct the co-expression network of “mRNA-lncRA” and “mRNA-cricRNA.” Moreover, a “lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA” network and a “circRNA-miRNA-mRNA” network were constructed. IPA analysis showed that the 46 key genes were significantly associated with inflammatory activation and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The constructed TF-mRNA regulatory network was composed of 274 nodes and 573 interacting pairs. 251 potential therapeutic drugs were identified from the DGIDB database. Conclusion: This study analyzed the differential genes associated with benign tracheal stenosis and explored the potential regulatory mechanisms, providing a scientific reference for further studies on the pathogenesis of benign tracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng He
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heibei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chunyan Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heibei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Cai,
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13
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Liang F, Qin W, Zeng Y, Wang D. Modulation of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases by Gasdermins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841729. [PMID: 35720396 PMCID: PMC9199384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are two types of the immune system disorders. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory cell death, plays an important role in diseases of immune system. The gasdermins belong to a pore-forming protein gene family which are mainly expressed in immune cells, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Gasdermins are regarded as an executor of pyroptosis and have been shown to possess various cellular functions and pathological effects such as pro-inflammatory, immune activation, mediation of tumor, etc. Except for infectious diseases, the vital role of gasdermins in autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and immune-related neoplastic diseases has been proved recently. Therefore, gasdermins have been served as a potential therapeutic target for immune disordered diseases. The review summarizes the basic molecular structure and biological function of gasdermins, mainly discusses their role in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and highlights the recent research on gasdermin family inhibitors so as to provide potential therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weixiao Qin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Feng QL, Gu JJ, Chen JY, Zheng WY, Pan HH, Xu XY, Deng CC, Yang B. TSP1 promotes fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition via the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in keloids. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1533-1542. [PMID: 35661430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative diseases with abnormally proliferated bulges beyond the edge of the skin lesions, and they are characterized by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis. However, the definite mechanisms that increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in keloids remain unclear. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has been suggested to play an important role in wound healing and fibrotic disorders, but its role in keloids is unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the specific role of TSP1 in keloids and explore the potential mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TSP1 was highly expressed in keloid lesions compared to normal skin. Knockdown of TSP1 in keloid fibroblasts decreased cell proliferation and collagen I deposition. Exogenous TSP1 treatment increased cell proliferation and collagen I deposition in normal fibroblasts. We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that TSP1 promoted fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by upregulating the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, we verified that TSP1 expression was positively correlated with IL6/STAT3 signalling activity in keloids. Taken together, our findings indicate that TSP1 promotes keloid development via the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and blocking TSP1 may represent a potential strategy for keloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Xu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zheng W, Lin G, Wang Z. Bioinformatics study on different gene expression profiles of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloids. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27777. [PMID: 34964740 PMCID: PMC8615345 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative skin tumor. The respective functions of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloid have not been fully studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the respective roles and key genes of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloids, which can be used as new targets for diagnosis or treatment.The microarray datasets of keloid fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for functional enrichment analysis. The search tool for retrieval of interacting genes and Cytoscape were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and analyze gene modules. The hub genes were screened out, and the relevant interaction networks and biological process analysis were carried out.In fibroblasts, the DEGs were significantly enriched in collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization and ECM-receptor interaction. The PPI network was constructed, and the most significant module was selected, which is mainly enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. In vascular endothelial cells, the DEGs were significantly enriched in cytokine activity, growth factor activity and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Module analysis was mainly enriched in TGF-β signaling pathway. Hub genes were screened out separately.In summary, the DEGs and hub genes discovered in this study may help us understand the molecular mechanisms of keloid, and provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Guojian Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhizhou Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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16
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Nishikai-Yan Shen T, Kado M, Hagiwara H, Fujimura S, Mizuno H, Tanaka R. MMP9 secreted from mononuclear cell quality and quantity culture mediates STAT3 phosphorylation and fibroblast migration in wounds. Regen Ther 2021; 18:464-471. [PMID: 34805452 PMCID: PMC8581454 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intractable ulcers may ultimately lead to amputation. To promote wound healing, researchers developed a serum-free ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell quality and quantity culture (MNC-QQc) as a source for cell therapy. In mice, pigs, and even humans, cell therapy with MNC-QQc reportedly yields a high regenerative efficacy. However, the mechanism of wound healing by MNC-QQc cells remains largely unknown. Hence, using an in vitro wound healing model, this study aimed to investigate MNC-QQc cells and the migratory potential of dermal fibroblasts. Methods After separation from a 50 mL blood sample from healthy individuals, mononuclear cells were cultured for 7 days in a serum-free ex vivo expansion system with five different cytokines (MNC-QQc method). The effects of MNC-QQc cells on human dermal fibroblast migration were observed by scratch assay. An angiogenesis array screened the MNC-QQc cell supernatant for proteins related to wound healing. Finally, fibroblast migration was confirmed by observing the intracellular signal transduction pathways via Western blot. Results The migration of fibroblasts co-cultured with MNC-QQc cells increased by matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) secretion, as suggested by the angiogenesis array. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in fibroblast/MNC-QQc cell co-culture and fibroblast culture with added recombinant human MMP9 protein increased. When fibroblasts were cultured with either an MMP9 inhibitor or a STAT3 inhibitor, both fibroblast migration and STAT3 phosphorylation were significantly suppressed. Conclusions MNC-QQc cells promote wound healing by the secretion of MMP9, which induces fibroblast migration via the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Key Words
- BM, Bone marrow
- BMMNC, Bone marrow mononuclear cells
- Cell culture
- Cell therapy
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EPC, Endothelial progenitor cells
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- HRP, Horseradish peroxidase
- MMP, Matrix metallopeptidase
- MMP9
- MNC, Monocyte cell
- MNC-QQc
- PB, Peripheral blood
- PBMNC, Peripheral blood monocyte cells
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- QQc, Quality and quantity culture
- SE, Standard error
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Wound healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubame Nishikai-Yan Shen
- Division of Regenerative Therapy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Kado
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hagiwara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujimura
- Division of Regenerative Therapy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rica Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Therapy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Liu J, Zhong Y, Liu H, Yang H, Lu P, Shi Y, Wang X, Zheng W, Yu X, Xu Y, Yang B. Oncostatin M sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced inflammation via GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:95-103. [PMID: 34674925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family proinflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in inflammatory skin diseases, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the mechanism of OSM induced pyropotosis in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). METHODS NHEKs and HaCaT cells were treated with OSM. Knockout of OSM receptor (OSMR) with CRISPR/Cas9 system, knockdown of GSDME with small interfering RNA and primary keratinocytes from Osmr-/- and Gsdme-/- mice were used to study the effect of OSMR and GSDME. After treatment of OSM, NHEKs and HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB. The mRNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and RNA sequencing, protein level was detected by Western Blotting, Elisa and immunofluorescence. Cell death was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing. RESULTS Here we found that OSM induced pyropotosis in NHEKs and HaCaT cells, but knockout of OSMR abolished pyropotosis. RNA sequencing revealed an upregulation of several key genes involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation following OSM treatment, among which NLRP3, GSDME, and IL-1β were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting. Knockdown of GSDME alleviated OSM-induced pyropotosis. Pretreatment of OSM boosted UVB-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in NHEKs and HaCaT cells, and this priming function was lost in keratinocytes of Osmr-/- and Gsdme-/- mice. Similar results were obtained in a 3-dimensional culture of human epidermis. CONCLUSION OSM functions as a priming cytokine to enhance UVB-induced inflammation in keratinocytes, providing insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yadan Zhong
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Shi
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Octenidine-based hydrogel shows anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory capacities in wounded human skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:32. [PMID: 33420112 PMCID: PMC7794247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is a widely used antiseptic molecule, promoting skin wound healing accompanied with improved scar quality after surgical procedures. However, the mechanisms by which OCT is contributing to tissue regeneration are not yet completely clear. In this study, we have used a superficial wound model by tape stripping of ex vivo human skin. Protein profiles of wounded skin biopsies treated with OCT-containing hydrogel and the released secretome were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Proteomics analysis of OCT-treated skin wounds revealed significant lower levels of key players in tissue remodeling as well as reepithelization after wounding such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9) when compared to controls. In addition, enzymatic activity of several released MMPs into culture supernatants was significantly lower in OCT-treated samples. Our data give insights on the mode of action based on which OCT positively influences wound healing and identified anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory activities of OCT.
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19
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Malik M, Britten J, DeAngelis A, Catherino WH. Cross-talk between Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and transforming growth factor beta pathways and increased collagen1A1 production in uterine leiomyoma cells. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:206-220. [PMID: 35559929 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the potential interaction between interleukin-6 (IL6), Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway, and Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-3 , and to determine whether such cross-talk was a contributing factor in the dysregulation of type I collagen production in leiomyomas. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTIONS Exposure of leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines to IL6 and STAT3 activators/inhibitors. Western immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, SOCS3, COL1A1, and TGFb3. RESULTS We observed that IL6 increased pSTAT3 as well as collagen1A1 in uterine leiomyoma cells. Direct activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway increased collagen1A1 production in leiomyoma cells, whereas inhibition of the pathway significantly decreased collagen1A1 production. We further observed that modulation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway also increased the expression of TGFβ3 protein. Leiomyoma cells exposed to TGFβ3 demonstrated a significant decrease in pSTAT3 protein. Myometrial cells demonstrated a less sensitive response to STAT3 modulation and collagen production. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between the TGFβ pathway and JAK/STAT3 pathway contributes to the fibrotic nature of uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony DeAngelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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20
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Alghamdi MA, AL-Eitan LN, Stevenson A, Chaudhari N, Hortin N, Wallace HJ, Danielsen PL, Manzur M, Wood FM, Fear MW. Secreted Factors from Keloid Keratinocytes Modulate Collagen Deposition by Fibroblasts from Normal and Fibrotic Tissue: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070200. [PMID: 32650468 PMCID: PMC7400315 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin layers are crucial in normal tissue development, wound healing, and scarring. This study has investigated the role of keloid keratinocytes in regulating collagen production by primary fibroblasts in vitro. Keloid cells were obtained from removed patients’ tissue whereas normal skin cells were discarded tissue obtained from elective surgery procedures. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes were isolated, cultured, and a transwell co-culture system were used to investigate the effect of keratinocytes on collagen production using a ‘scar-in-a-jar’ model. Keloid fibroblasts produced significantly more collagen than normal skin fibroblasts in monoculture at the RNA, secreted protein, and stable fibrillar protein level. When keloid keratinocytes were added to normal skin fibroblasts, expression of collagen was significantly upregulated in most samples, but when added to keloid fibroblasts, collagen I production was significantly reduced. Interestingly, keloid keratinocytes appear to decrease collagen production by keloid fibroblasts. This suggests that signaling in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts is disrupted in keloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laith N. AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
| | - Nutan Chaudhari
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
| | - Nicole Hortin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
| | - Hilary J. Wallace
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle 6959, Australia
| | - Patricia L. Danielsen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark;
| | - Mitali Manzur
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Department of Health, Perth 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Mark W. Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (A.S.); (N.C.); (N.H.); (H.J.W.); (F.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Limandjaja GC, Niessen FB, Scheper RJ, Gibbs S. The Keloid Disorder: Heterogeneity, Histopathology, Mechanisms and Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:360. [PMID: 32528951 PMCID: PMC7264387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids constitute an abnormal fibroproliferative wound healing response in which raised scar tissue grows excessively and invasively beyond the original wound borders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several important themes in keloid research: namely keloid histopathology, heterogeneity, pathogenesis, and model systems. Although keloidal collagen versus nodules and α-SMA-immunoreactivity have been considered pathognomonic for keloids versus hypertrophic scars, conflicting results have been reported which will be discussed together with other histopathological keloid characteristics. Importantly, histopathological keloid abnormalities are also present in the keloid epidermis. Heterogeneity between and within keloids exists which is often not considered when interpreting results and may explain discrepancies between studies. At least two distinct keloid phenotypes exist, the superficial-spreading/flat keloids and the bulging/raised keloids. Within keloids, the periphery is often seen as the actively growing margin compared to the more quiescent center, although the opposite has also been reported. Interestingly, the normal skin directly surrounding keloids also shows partial keloid characteristics. Keloids are most likely to occur after an inciting stimulus such as (minor and disproportionate) dermal injury or an inflammatory process (environmental factors) at a keloid-prone anatomical site (topological factors) in a genetically predisposed individual (patient-related factors). The specific cellular abnormalities these various patient, topological and environmental factors generate to ultimately result in keloid scar formation are discussed. Existing keloid models can largely be divided into in vivo and in vitro systems including a number of subdivisions: human/animal, explant/culture, homotypic/heterotypic culture, direct/indirect co-culture, and 3D/monolayer culture. As skin physiology, immunology and wound healing is markedly different in animals and since keloids are exclusive to humans, there is a need for relevant human in vitro models. Of these, the direct co-culture systems that generate full thickness keloid equivalents appear the most promising and will be key to further advance keloid research on its pathogenesis and thereby ultimately advance keloid treatment. Finally, the recent change in keloid nomenclature will be discussed, which has moved away from identifying keloids solely as abnormal scars with a purely cosmetic association toward understanding keloids for the fibroproliferative disorder that they are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Limandjaja
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (location VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank B. Niessen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (location VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik J. Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (location VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (location VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Russo B, Brembilla NC, Chizzolini C. Interplay Between Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts: A Systematic Review Providing a New Angle for Understanding Skin Fibrotic Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:648. [PMID: 32477322 PMCID: PMC7232541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Skin fibrosis is the result of aberrant processes leading to abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the dermis. In healthy skin, keratinocytes participate to maintain skin homeostasis by actively crosstalking with fibroblasts. Within the wide spectrum of fibrotic skin disorders, relatively little attention has been devoted to the role of keratinocytes for their capacity to participate to skin fibrosis. This systematic review aims at summarizing the available knowledge on the reciprocal interplay of keratinocytes with fibroblasts and their soluble mediators in physiological states, mostly wound healing, and conditions associated with skin fibrosis. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed to identify in vitro and ex vivo human studies investigating the keratinocyte characteristics and their interplay with fibroblasts in physiological conditions and within fibrotic skin disorders including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and systemic sclerosis. Studies were selected according to pre-specified eligibility criteria. Data on study methods, models, stimuli and outcomes were retrieved and summarized according to pre-specified criteria. Results: Among the 6,271 abstracts retrieved, 73 articles were included, of which 14 were specifically dealing with fibrotic skin pathologies. Fifty-six studies investigated how keratinocyte may affect fibroblast responses in terms of ECM-related genes or protein production, phenotype modification, and cytokine production. Most studies in both physiological conditions and fibrosis demonstrated that keratinocytes stimulate fibroblasts through the production of interleukin 1, inducing keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and metalloproteinases in the fibroblasts. When the potential of keratinocytes to modulate collagen synthesis by healthy fibroblasts was explored, the results were controversial. Nevertheless, studies investigating keratinocytes from fibrotic skin, including keloids, hypertrophic scar, and scleroderma, suggested their potential involvement in enhancing ECM deposition. Twenty-three papers investigated keratinocyte proliferation differentiation and production of soluble mediators in response to interactions with fibroblasts. Most studies showed that fibroblasts modulate keratinocyte viability, proliferation, and differentiation. The production of KGF by fibroblast was identified as key for these functions. Conclusions: This review condenses evidence for the active interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts in maintaining skin homeostasis and the altered homeostatic interplay between keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in scleroderma and scleroderma-like disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Russo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò C Brembilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Thyparambil NJ, Gutgesell LC, Bromet BA, Flowers LE, Greaney S, Day DE, Semon JA. Bioactive borate glass triggers phenotypic changes in adipose stem cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:35. [PMID: 32206916 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive borate glass, 13-93B3 (B3), has been used successfully in the clinic to treat chronic, nonhealing wounds without scarring. However, the mechanism by which B3 stimulates wound healing is poorly understood. Because adipose stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to have multiple roles in wound repair, we hypothesized that B3 triggers ASCs. In this study, we evaluate the effects of B3 on ASC survival, migration, differentiation, and protein secretion in vitro. In concentrations ≤10 mg/ml, B3 did not affect ASC viability under static conditions. B3 promoted the migration of ASCs but did not increase differentiation into bone or fat. B3 also decreased ASCs secretion of collagen I, PAI-1, MCP-1, DR6, DKK-1, angiogenin, IL-1, IGFBP-6, VEGF, and TIMP-2; increased expression of IL-1R and E-selectin; had a transient decrease in IL-6 secretion; and had a transient increase in bFGF secretion. Together, these results show that B3 alters the protein secretion of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Thyparambil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Lisa C Gutgesell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Bradley A Bromet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Lauren E Flowers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Samantha Greaney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Delbert E Day
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Julie A Semon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
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Sharma JR, Lebeko M, Kidzeru EB, Khumalo NP, Bayat A. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models for Functional Testing of Therapeutic Anti-scarring Drug Targets in Keloids. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:655-670. [PMID: 31827980 PMCID: PMC6904937 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Keloids are benign fibro-proliferative raised dermal lesions that spread beyond the original borders of the wound, continue to grow, rarely regress, and are the most common in pigmented individuals after an abnormal wound healing response. The current treatment failure and respective challenges involved highlighting the underlying issue that the etiopathogenesis of keloids is still not well understood. Disease models are required to better understand the disease pathogenesis. It is not possible to establish keloids in animals because of the uniqueness of this disease to human skin. To address this challenge, along these lines, non-animal reproducible models are vital in investigating molecular mechanisms of keloid pathogenesis and therapeutics development. Recent Advances: Various non-animal models have been developed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in keloid scarring and aid in identifying and evaluating the therapeutic potential of novel drug candidates. In this scenario, the current review aims at describing in vitro monocultures, co-cultures, organotypic cultures, and ex vivo whole skin keloid tissue organ culture models. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Current treatment options for keloids are far from securing a cure or preventing disease recurrence. Identifying universally accepted effective therapy for keloids has been hampered by the absence of appropriate disease model systems. Animal models do not accurately mimic the disease, thus non-animal model systems are pivotal in keloid research. The use of these models is essential not only for a better understanding of disease biology but also for identifying and evaluating novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti R. Sharma
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maribanyana Lebeko
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elvis B. Kidzeru
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Medical Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medical Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Distler JHW, Györfi AH, Ramanujam M, Whitfield ML, Königshoff M, Lafyatis R. Shared and distinct mechanisms of fibrosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:705-730. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li J, Wang J, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhou M, Zhong A, Sun J. Experimental models for cutaneous hypertrophic scar research. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:126-144. [PMID: 31509318 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human skin wound repair may result in various outcomes with most of them leading to scar formation. Commonly seen in many cutaneous wound healing cases, hypertrophic scars are considered as phenotypes of abnormal wound repair. To prevent the formation of hypertrophic scars, efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of scarring following wound closure. Numerous in vivo and in vitro models have been created to facilitate investigations into cutaneous scarring and the development of antiscarring treatments. To select the best model for a specific study, background knowledge of the current models of hypertrophic scars is necessary. In this review, we describe in vivo and in vitro models for studying hypertrophic scars, as well as the distinct characteristics of these models. The choice of models for a specific study should be based on the characteristics of the model and the goal of the study. In general, in vivo animal models are often used in phenotypical scar formation analysis, development of antiscarring treatment, and functional analyses of individual genes. In contrast, in vitro models are chosen to pathway identification during scar formation as well as in high-throughput analysis in drug development. Besides helping investigators choose the best scarring model for their research, the goal of this review is to provide knowledge for improving the existing models and development of new models. These will contribute to the progress of scarring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Muran Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wang Y, Yuan B, Qiao L, Yang H, Li X. STAT3 operates as a novel transcription factor that regulates NEDD4 in Keloid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:638-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee YS, Liang YC, Wu P, Kulber DA, Tanabe K, Chuong CM, Widelitz R, Tuan TL. STAT3 signalling pathway is implicated in keloid pathogenesis by preliminary transcriptome and open chromatin analyses. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:480-484. [PMID: 30916811 PMCID: PMC6488383 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are wounding-induced fibroproliferative human tumor-like skin scars of complex genetic makeup and poorly defined pathogenesis. To reveal dynamic epigenetic and transcriptome changes of keloid fibroblasts, we performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis on an early passage keloid fibroblast cell strain and its paired normal control fibroblasts. This keloid strain produced keloid-like scars in a plasma clot-based skin equivalent humanized keloid animal model. RNA-seq analysis reveals gene ontology terms including hepatic fibrosis, Wnt-β-catenin, TGF-β, regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), STAT3 and adherens junction. ATAC-seq analysis suggests STAT3 signalling is the most significantly enriched gene ontology term in keloid fibroblasts, followed by Wnt signalling (Wnt5) and regulation of the EMT pathway. Immunohistochemistry confirms that STAT3 (Tyr705 phospho-STAT3) is activated and β-catenin is up-regulated in the dermis of keloid clinical specimens and keloid skin equivalent implants from the humanized mouse model. A non-linear dose-response of cucurbitacin I, a selective JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, in collagen type I expression of keloid-derived plasma clot-based skin equivalents implicates a likely role of STAT3 signalling in keloid pathogenesis. This work also demonstrates the utility of the recently established humanized keloid mouse model in exploring the mechanism of keloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shain Lee
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Liang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A. Kulber
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Plastic Surgery Center of Excellence, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kylie Tanabe
- The Plastic Surgery Center of Excellence, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- iWRR International laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Research, Graduated Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Randall Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tai-Lan Tuan
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The Antiseptic Octenidine Inhibits Langerhans Cell Activation and Modulates Cytokine Expression upon Superficial Wounding with Tape Stripping. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5143635. [PMID: 30944833 PMCID: PMC6421797 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5143635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal agents for the topical treatment of skin wounds should have antimicrobial efficacy without negative influence on wound healing. Octenidine (OCT) has become a widely used antiseptic in professional wound care, but its influence on several components of the wound healing process remains unclear. In the present study, we have used a superficial wound model using tape stripping on human full-thickness skin ex vivo to investigate the influence of OCT on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and cytokine secretion pattern of skin cells during wound healing in a model without disruption of the normal skin structure. Histological and immunofluorescence studies showed that OCT neither altered human skin architecture nor the viability of skin cells upon 48 hours of culture in unwounded or wounded skin. The epidermis of explants and LCs remained morphologically intact throughout the whole culture period upon OCT treatment. OCT inhibited the upregulation of the maturation marker CD83 on LCs and prevented their emigration in wounded skin. Furthermore, OCT reduced both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-8, IL-33, and IL-10), while angiogenesis and growth factor mediators (VEGF and TGF-β1) remained unchanged in skin explant cultures. Our data provide novel insights into the host response to OCT in the biologically relevant environment of viable human (wounded) skin.
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30
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De Meirleir KL, Mijatovic T, Subramanian K, Schlauch KA, Lombardi VC. Evaluation of four clinical laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:322. [PMID: 30463572 PMCID: PMC6249861 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a complex and debilitating disease that often initially presents with flu-like symptoms, accompanied by incapacitating fatigue. Currently, there are no objective biomarkers or laboratory tests that can be used to unequivocally diagnosis ME; therefore, a diagnosis is made when a patient meets series of a costly and subjective inclusion and exclusion criteria. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of four clinical parameters in diagnosing ME. Methods In the present study, we utilized logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis to conduct a retrospective investigation of four clinical laboratory in 140 ME cases and 140 healthy controls. Results Correlations between the covariates ranged between [− 0.26, 0.61]. The best model included the serum levels of the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14), serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and serum levels of interleukin 8, with coefficients 0.002, 0.249, and 0.005, respectively, and p-values of 3 × 10−7, 1 × 10−5, and 3 × 10−3, respectively. Conclusions Our findings show that these parameters may help physicians in their diagnosis of ME and may additionally shed light on the pathophysiology of this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1696-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen A Schlauch
- Desert Research Institute, 2350 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - Vincent C Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
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Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Paiva AE, Lousado L, Turquetti AOM, Barreto RSN, de Alvarenga EC, Miglino MA, Gonçalves R, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Macrophage-derived GPNMB accelerates skin healing. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:630-635. [PMID: 29505115 PMCID: PMC6013359 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Healing is a vital response important for the re-establishment of the skin integrity following injury. Delayed or aberrant dermal wound healing leads to morbidity in patients. The development of therapies to improve dermal healing would be useful. Currently, the design of efficient treatments is stalled by the lack of detailed knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in wound healing. Recently, using state-of-the-art technologies, it was revealed that macrophages signal via GPNMB to mesenchymal stem cells, accelerating skin healing. Strikingly, transplantation of macrophages expressing GPNMB improves skin healing in GPNMB-mutant mice. Additionally, topical treatment with recombinant GPNMB restored mesenchymal stem cells recruitment and accelerated wound closure in the diabetic skin. From a drug development perspective, this GPNMB is a new candidate for skin healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walison N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana E. Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lousado
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anaelise O. M. Turquetti
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. N. Barreto
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Costa de Alvarenga
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João Del Rey, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Miglino
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Program, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Long non-coding RNA expression profiling in the lesional tissue and derived fibroblasts of keloid. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:587-600. [PMID: 29422825 PMCID: PMC5799763 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.72466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a key role in various disorders. However, its role in keloid is still unclear. Aim We explored differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs between keloid tissue (KT)s and normal tissue (NT)s, as well as keloid fibroblast (KFB)s and normal fibroblast (NFB)s, respectively. Material and methods We use KTs and NTs from the chest of 5 patients, and 3 pairs of KFBs and NFBs, to perform microarray respectively. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted by online software DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). The validation of targeted lncRNAs were conducted by qRT-PCR in enlarged samples (79 KTs and 21 NTs). Results We identified 3680 DE-lncRNAs in tissue essay, and 1231 DE-lncRNAs in cell essay. Furthermore, we found that many lncRNAs and their relative mRNAs were regulated simultaneously in keloid. We identified that ENST00000439703 and uc003jox.1 were up-regulated in both of the above essays through comparing the results of lncRNA screening between tissue essay and cell essay; the results were confirmed through qRT-PCR in enlarged samples. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that numerous lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis and development of the keloid.
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Kang SU, Kim YS, Kim YE, Park JK, Lee YS, Kang HY, Jang JW, Ryeo JB, Lee Y, Shin YS, Kim CH. Opposite effects of non-thermal plasma on cell migration and collagen production in keloid and normal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187978. [PMID: 29145520 PMCID: PMC5690474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the understanding non-thermal plasma (NTP) properties prompted its application in the treatment of various diseases. However, therapeutic effect of NTP on keloid cells has not been reported previously. We sought to investigate the effect of NTP treatment on keloid by comparing cell migration and collagen production of keloid (KFs) and normal fibroblasts (NFs) and determined the regulatory pathways involved. We assessed NTP effects on cell migration in KFs and NFs by the wound healing assay and measured the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and collagen by western blot. Expression of the transforming growth factor-β and Type I collagen following NTP treatment was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and the Sircol collagen assay. NTP treatment increased cell migration and collagen production of NFs. However, it reduced these parameters in KFs. NTP reduced the expression of EGFR, STAT3, and Type I collagen in KFs but increased their levels in NFs. We revealed that NTP suppressed KF cell migration via down-regulation of EGFR and STAT3 and reduced collagen production via supressing transforming growth factor-β. Our data suggest that NTP may be a new therapeutic strategy for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University Myunggok Medical research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ju-Kyeong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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34
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Butzelaar L, Niessen FB, Talhout W, Schooneman DPM, Ulrich MM, Beelen RHJ, Mink van der Molen AB. Different properties of skin of different body sites: The root of keloid formation? Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:758-766. [PMID: 28846161 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine extracellular matrix composition, vascularization, and immune cell population of skin sites prone to keloid formation. Keloids remain a complex problem, posing esthetical as well as functional difficulties for those affected. These scars tend to develop at anatomic sites of preference. Mechanical properties of skin vary with anatomic location and depend largely on extracellular matrix composition. These differences in extracellular matrix composition, but also vascularization and resident immune cell populations might play a role in the mechanism of keloid formation. To examine this hypothesis, skin samples of several anatomic locations were taken from 24 human donors within zero to 36 hours after they had deceased. Collagen content and cross-links were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of several genes, involved in extracellular matrix production and degradation, was measured by means of real-time PCR. (Immuno)histochemistry was performed to detect fibroblasts, collagen, elastin, blood vessels, Langerhans cells, and macrophages. Properties of skin of keloid predilections sites were compared to properties of skin from other locations (nonpredilection sites [NPS]). The results indicated that there are site specific variations in extracellular matrix properties (collagen and cross-links) as well as macrophage numbers. Moreover, predilection sites (PS) for keloid formation contain larger amounts of collagen compared to NPS, but decreased numbers of macrophages, in particular classically activated CD40 positive macrophages. In conclusion, the altered (histological, protein, and genetic) properties of skin of keloid PS may cause a predisposition for and contribute to keloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Butzelaar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Talhout
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis P M Schooneman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda M Ulrich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu J, Ren J, Su L, Cheng S, Zhou J, Ye X, Dong Y, Sun S, Qi F, Liu Z, Pleat J, Zhai H, Zhu N. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells inhibit the activity of keloid fibroblasts and fibrosis in a keloid model by paracrine signaling. Burns 2017; 44:370-385. [PMID: 29029852 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have potential utility as modulators of the regeneration of tissue that is inflamed or scarred secondary to injuries such as burns or trauma. However, the effect of ASCs on one particular type of scarring, keloidal disease, remains unknown. The absence of an optimal model for investigation has hindered the development of an effective therapy using ASCs for keloids. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of ASCs on angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, and inflammatory cell influx in keloids. METHODS We analyzed the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human keloid-derived fibroblasts treated with a starvation-induced, conditioned medium from ASCs (ASCs-CM). This was achieved by Brdu proliferation assay, a validated co-culture migration assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. To assess the change in phenotype to a pro-fibrotic state, fibroblasts were analyzed by real-time PCR and contraction assay. A keloid implantation animal model was used to assess the paracrine effect of ASCs histochemically and immunohistochemically on scar morphology, collagen deposition, inflammatory cell composition, and blood vessel density. In tandem, an antibody-based array was used to identify protein concentration in the presence of ASCs-CM at time point 0, 24, and 48h. RESULTS ASCs-CM inhibited the proliferation and collagen synthesis of human keloid-derived fibroblasts. ASCs-CM was associated with reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the keloid implantation model. Thirty-four cytokines were differentially regulated by ASCs-CM at 24h. These included molecules associated with apoptosis, matrix metalloproteases, and their inhibitors. The same molecules were present at relatively higher concentrations at the 48h timepoint. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ASCs are associated with the inhibition of fibrosis in keloids by a paracrine effect. This phenomenon may have utility as a therapeutic approach in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shimeng Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaolu Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yabin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Silei Sun
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fazhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Plastic Surgery Department, Peking Union Medical Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Jonathon Pleat
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Southmead Hospital & University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hongjun Zhai
- Anshan Hospital of The First Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Xiao J, Gong Y, Chen Y, Yu D, Wang X, Zhang X, Dou Y, Liu D, Cheng G, Lu S, Yuan W, Li Y, Zhao Z. IL-6 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human peritoneal mesothelial cells possibly through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F310-F318. [PMID: 28490530 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00428.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy results in functional and structural alteration of the peritoneal membrane, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a local pleiotropic cytokine, hypothesized to play an important role in EMT. This study was designed to investigate the role of IL-6 in EMT and peritoneal membrane dysfunction in long-term PD patients by assessing the level of IL-6 in dialysate and exploring the relationship between IL-6, the related signaling pathway JAK2/STAT3, and EMT, using in vitro cellular and molecular techniques. Plasma and dialysate levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in PD ultrafiltration failure patients compared with patients without ultrafiltration failure and were negatively correlated with measures of PD adequacy. In vitro IL-6 treatment changed human peritoneal mesothelial cell phenotype from a typical cobblestone-like to a fibroblast-like appearance and increased cell viability. IL-6 treatment increased α-smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression but decreased E-cadherin expression. IL-6 treatment activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. However, the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 prevented IL-6-induced activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and EMT. We conclude that IL-6 promotes the EMT process, possibly by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. IL-6 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing EMT, and preservation of the peritoneal membrane may arise from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Yanan Gong
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Ying Chen
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and.,Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Dahai Yu
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and.,Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Yanna Dou
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Dong Liu
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Genyang Cheng
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Shan Lu
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Wenming Yuan
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Yansheng Li
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- The Nephrology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
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37
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Xin Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Qu M, Bogari M, Lin L, Mar Aung Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chai G, Zhang Y. Expansion of CD26 positive fibroblast population promotes keloid progression. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:104-113. [PMID: 28454879 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloid is a skin fibrosis disease that characterised by invasive growth of fibroblasts and aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix. Studies indicated that keloid fibroblasts (KFs) is a class of 'activated' fibroblasts, which show accelerated proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix formation as compared with normal fibroblasts (NFs). However, the mechanism underlying keloid fibroblasts dysfunction is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To verify CD26 expression difference between KFs and NFs, and investigate the function of CD26 positive fibroblasts in keloid progression. METHODS KFs and NFs were isolated from Keloid tissues and normal skin tissues respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to isolate CD26+/CD26- fibroblasts from KFs and NFs. Proliferation of different fibroblasts were analyzed by CCK8 assay and Ki 67 straining. Profibrotic phenotype difference was detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA and immunofluorescence. Scratching experiment and transwell assay were used to assess invasion ability of CD26+/CD26- fibroblasts. Diprotin A was used as a CD26 inhibitor to further investigated the function of CD26 fibroblasts in keloid disease. RESULT CD26 expression was increased in KFs, and the proportion of CD26+ fibroblasts was significantly increased in KFs. Cell viability analysis showed that CD26+ fibroblasts was more active in proliferation. Furthermore, the expression of profibrotic genes were increased in CD26+ fibroblasts, including TGF-β1, IGF-1, IL6, collagen 1, collagen 3 and fibronectin. And meanwhile, CD26+ fibroblasts showed stronger invasion ability as compared to CD26- fibroblasts. Moreover, Diprotin A significantly suppressed proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of CD26+ fibroblasts isolated from keloid tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CD26+ fibroblasts possess proliferation advantage in compare to CD26- fibroblasts, and the advantage caused expansion of CD26 positive fibroblast population promotes keloid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Burns Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melia Bogari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Zin Mar Aung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China
| | - Gang Chai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Kawarazaki A, Horinaka M, Yasuda S, Numajiri T, Nishino K, Sakai T. Sulforaphane suppresses cell growth and collagen expression of keloid fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:224-233. [PMID: 28120534 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keloids are fibroproliferative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an extracellular matrix including collagen. Various growth factors, or cytokines, and their receptors are overexpressed in keloids, and they are expected to be therapy targets. Sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate, has recently shown anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. In this study, we found that sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and reduced collagen at the mRNA and protein levels in keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, sulforaphane markedly suppressed the expression of IL-6 and α-SMA and inhibited Stat3 and Smad3 signaling pathways in keloid fibroblast KF112 cells. Sulforaphane induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest with the induction of p21 in KF112 cells. In addition, sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and suppressed the expression of collagen in keloid fibroblasts under a coculture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, sulforaphane suppressed IL-6, Stat3, and Smad3 signaling in the coculture system. This study suggests that sulforaphane may be a novel keloid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kawarazaki
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshiaki Numajiri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Bienaimé F, Muorah M, Yammine L, Burtin M, Nguyen C, Baron W, Garbay S, Viau A, Broueilh M, Blanc T, Peters D, Poli V, Anglicheau D, Friedlander G, Pontoglio M, Gallazzini M, Terzi F. Stat3 Controls Tubulointerstitial Communication during CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3690-3705. [PMID: 27153926 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In CKD, tubular cells may be involved in the induction of interstitial fibrosis, which in turn, leads to loss of renal function. However, the molecular mechanisms that link tubular cells to the interstitial compartment are not clear. Activation of the Stat3 transcription factor has been reported in tubular cells after renal damage, and Stat3 has been implicated in CKD progression. Here, we combined an experimental model of nephron reduction in mice from different genetic backgrounds and genetically modified animals with in silico and in vitro experiments to determine whether the selective activation of Stat3 in tubular cells is involved in the development of interstitial fibrosis. Nephron reduction caused Stat3 phosphorylation in tubular cells of lesion-prone mice but not in resistant mice. Furthermore, specific deletion of Stat3 in tubular cells significantly reduced the extent of interstitial fibrosis, which correlated with reduced fibroblast proliferation and matrix synthesis, after nephron reduction. Mechanistically, in vitro tubular Stat3 activation triggered the expression of a specific subset of paracrine profibrotic factors, including Lcn2, Pdgfb, and Timp1. Together, our results provide a molecular link between tubular and interstitial cells during CKD progression and identify Stat3 as a central regulator of this link and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bienaimé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, and
| | - Mordi Muorah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Lucie Yammine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Martine Burtin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Willian Baron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Serge Garbay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Viau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Mélanie Broueilh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Thomas Blanc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Dorien Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, and
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Gallazzini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling,
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Lee YS, Hsu T, Chiu WC, Sarkozy H, Kulber DA, Choi A, Kim EW, Benya PD, Tuan TL. Keloid-derived, plasma/fibrin-based skin equivalents generate de novo dermal and epidermal pathology of keloid fibrosis in a mouse model. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:302-16. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shain Lee
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Tim Hsu
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Wei-Chih Chiu
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Heidi Sarkozy
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - David A. Kulber
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Aaron Choi
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Elliot W. Kim
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Paul D. Benya
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Tai-Lan Tuan
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
- Department of Surgery; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
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41
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Zhang GY, Wu LC, Dai T, Chen SY, Wang AY, Lin K, Lin DM, Yang JQ, Cheng B, Zhang L, Gao WY, Li ZJ. NADPH oxidase-2 is a key regulator of human dermal fibroblasts: a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:639-44. [PMID: 24981855 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of human skin dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is a critical step in skin fibrosis, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) exerts pro-oxidant and fibrogenic effects on HDFs. In addition, the oxidative stress system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of skin disease. However, the role of NADPH oxidase as a mediator of TGF-β1-induced effects in HDFs remains unknown. Thus, our aim was to investigate the role of NADPH in human skin dermal fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts were cultured and pretreated with various stimulants. Real-time Q-PCR and Western blotting analyses were used for mRNA and protein detection. In addition, siRNA technology was applied for gene knock-down analysis. Hydrogen peroxide production and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) measurement assay were performed. Here, our findings demonstrated that HDFs express key components of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase mRNA. TGF-β1 induced NOX2 and reactive oxygen species formation via NADPH oxidase activity. In contrast, NOX3 was barely detectable, and other NOXs did not display significant changes. In addition, TGF-β1 phosphorylated MAPKs and increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) in a redox-sensitive manner, and NOX2 suppression inhibited baseline and TGF-β1-mediated stimulation of Smad2 phosphorylation. Moreover, TGF-β1 stimulated cell proliferation, migration, collagen I and fibronectin expression, and bFGF and PAI-1 secretion: these effects were attenuated by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and NOX2 siRNA. Importantly, NOX2 siRNA suppresses collagen production in primary keloid dermal fibroblasts. These findings provide the proof of concept for NADPH oxidase as a potential target for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-You Zhang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jumper N, Hodgkinson T, Arscott G, Har-Shai Y, Paus R, Bayat A. The Aldo-Keto Reductase AKR1B10 Is Up-Regulated in Keloid Epidermis, Implicating Retinoic Acid Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1500-1512. [PMID: 27025872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Keloid disease is a recurrent fibroproliferative cutaneous tumor of unknown pathogenesis for which clinical management remains unsatisfactory. To obtain new insights into hitherto underappreciated aspects of keloid pathobiology, we took a laser capture microdissection-based, whole-genome microarray analysis approach to identify distinct keloid disease-associated gene expression patterns within defined keloid regions. Identification of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1B10 as highly up-regulated in keloid epidermis suggested that an imbalance of retinoic acid metabolism is likely associated with keloid disease. Here, we show that AKR1B10 transfection into normal human keratinocytes reproduced the abnormal retinoic acid pathway expression pattern we had identified in keloid epidermis. Cotransfection of AKR1B10 with a luciferase reporter plasmid showed reduced retinoic acid response element activity, supporting the hypothesis of retinoic acid synthesis deficiency in keloid epidermis. Paracrine signals released by AKR1B10-overexpressing keratinocytes into conditioned medium resulted in up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1, transforming growth factor-β2, and collagens I and III in both keloid and normal skin fibroblasts, mimicking the typical profibrotic keloid profile. Our study results suggest that insufficient retinoic acid synthesis by keloid epidermal keratinocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of keloid disease. We refocus attention on the role of injured epithelium in keloid disease and identify AKR1B10 as a potential new target in future management of keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jumper
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guyan Arscott
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Yaron Har-Shai
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Rees PA, Greaves NS, Baguneid M, Bayat A. Chemokines in Wound Healing and as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Reducing Cutaneous Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:687-703. [PMID: 26543682 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Cutaneous scarring is an almost inevitable end point of adult human wound healing. It is associated with significant morbidity, both physical and psychological. Pathological scarring, including hypertrophic and keloid scars, can be particularly debilitating. Manipulation of the chemokine system may lead to effective therapies for problematic lesions. Recent Advances: Rapid advancement in the understanding of chemokines and their receptors has led to exciting developments in the world of therapeutics. Modulation of their function has led to clinically effective treatments for conditions as diverse as human immunodeficiency virus and inflammatory bowel disease. Potential methods of targeting chemokines include monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule antagonists, interference with glycosaminoglycan binding and the use of synthetic truncated chemokines. Early work has shown promising results on scar development and appearance when the chemokine system is manipulated. Critical Issues: Chemokines are implicated in all stages of wound healing leading to the development of a cutaneous scar. An understanding of entirely regenerative wound healing in the developing fetus and how the expression of chemokines and their receptors change during the transition to the adult phenotype is central to addressing pathological scarring in adults. Future Directions: As our understanding of chemokine/receptor interactions and scar formation evolves it has become apparent that effective therapies will need to mirror the complexities in these diverse biological processes. It is likely that sophisticated treatments that sequentially influence multiple ligand/receptor interactions throughout all stages of wound healing will be required to deliver viable treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adam Rees
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stuart Greaves
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Baguneid
- University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Tang J, Liu CY, Lu MM, Zhang J, Mei WJ, Yang WJ, Xie YY, Huang L, Peng ZZ, Yuan QJ, Liu JS, Hu GY, Tao LJ. Fluorofenidone protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:77-87. [PMID: 26033204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, especially JAK2/STAT3, is involved in renal fibrosis. Fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridone agent, exerts anti-fibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we sought to investigate whether FD demonstrates its inhibitory function through preventing JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In this study, we examined the effect of FD on activation of rat renal interstitial fibroblasts, glomerular mesangial cells (GMC), and expression of JAK2/STAT3. Moreover, we explored the histological protection effects of FD in UUO rats, db/db mice, and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Our studies found that pretreatment with FD resulted in blockade of activation of fibroblast and GMC manifested by fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression and decline of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by IL-6 or high glucose. In unilateral ureteral obstruction rats and a murine model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (db/db mice), treatment with FD blocked the expression of FN and α-SMA, prevented renal fibrosis progression, and attenuated STAT3 activation. However, FD administration did not interfere with JAK2 activation both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, the molecular mechanism by which FD exhibits renoprotective effects appears to involve the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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Zhang L, Xu X, Yang R, Chen J, Wang S, Yang J, Xiang X, He Z, Zhao Y, Dong Z, Zhang D. Paclitaxel attenuates renal interstitial fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2139-48. [PMID: 25931810 PMCID: PMC4404961 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that paclitaxel might inhibit renal fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that low-dose paclitaxel may block the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling to attenuate fibrosis in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Both NRK-49F cells and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction were treated with paclitaxel. The results showed that paclitaxel treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3, and inhibited the expression of fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I in cultured NRK-49F cells. S3I-201, an STAT3 inhibitor, also suppressed the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, and collagen I in cultured NRK-49F cells. Mechanistically, paclitaxel treatment blocked the STAT3 activity by disrupting the association of STAT3 with tubulin and inhibiting STAT3 nucleus translocation. Furthermore, paclitaxel also ameliorated renal fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, and collagen I, and suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) by inhibition of STAT3 activity in obstructive nephropathy. These results suggest that paclitaxel may block the STAT3 activity by disrupting the association of STAT3 with tubulin and inhibiting STAT3 nucleus translocation, consequently leading to the suppression of renal interstitial fibroblast activation and the development of renal fibrosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhao Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Junqin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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van den Broek LJ, Limandjaja GC, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:382-6. [PMID: 24750541 PMCID: PMC4369123 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most cutaneous wounds heal with scar formation. Ideally, an inconspicuous normotrophic scar is formed, but an abnormal scar (hypertrophic scar or keloid) can also develop. A major challenge to scientists and physicians is to prevent adverse scar formation after severe trauma (e.g. burn injury) and understand why some individuals will form adverse scars even after relatively minor injury. Currently, many different models exist to study scar formation, ranging from simple monolayer cell culture to 3D tissue-engineered models even to humanized mouse models. Currently, these high-/medium-throughput test models avoid the main questions referring to why an adverse scar forms instead of a normotrophic scar and what causes a hypertrophic scar to form rather than a keloid scar and also, how is the genetic predisposition of the individual and the immune system involved. This information is essential if we are to identify new drug targets and develop optimal strategies in the future to prevent adverse scar formation. This viewpoint review summarizes the progress on in vitro and animal scar models, stresses the limitations in the current models and identifies the future challenges if scar-free healing is to be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenie J van den Broek
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen KH, Hsu HH, Lee CC, Yen TH, Ko YC, Yang CW, Hung CC. The AMPK agonist AICAR inhibits TGF-β1 induced activation of kidney myofibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106554. [PMID: 25188319 PMCID: PMC4154690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of interstitial myofibroblasts and excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins are common pathways that contribute to chronic kidney disease. In a number of tissues, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation has been shown to inhibit fibrosis. Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), on renal fibrosis invivo and TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblasts activation invitro. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced in male BALB/c mice. Mice with UUO were administered AICAR (500 mg/Kg/day) or saline intraperitoneally 1 day before UUO surgery and daily thereafter. Both kidneys were harvested 7 days after surgery for further analysis. For the in vitro studies, NRK-49F rat fibroblasts were pre-incubated with AICAR before TGF-β1 stimulation. The inhibitory effects of AICAR on signaling pathways down-stream of TGF-β1 were analyzed. In UUO model mice, administration of AICAR attenuated extracellular matrix protein deposition and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen and fibronectin. Pre-incubation of NRK-49F cells with AICAR inhibited TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation. Silencing of AMPKα1 by siRNA or by blocking AMPK activation with Compound C diminished the inhibitory effect of AICAR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of AICAR on TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast activation were associated with down-regulation of ERK 1/2 and STAT3. Our results suggest that AICAR reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice and inhibits TGF-β1-induced kidney myofibroblast activation. AMPK activation by AICAR may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hartwell R, Lai A, Ghahary A. Modulation of extracellular matrix through keratinocyte–fibroblast crosstalk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Reduces the Abnormal Migration Rate of Keloid Keratinocytes. J Burn Care Res 2014; 35:84-92. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3182a2a9dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ashcroft KJ, Syed F, Bayat A. Site-specific keloid fibroblasts alter the behaviour of normal skin and normal scar fibroblasts through paracrine signalling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75600. [PMID: 24348987 PMCID: PMC3857170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid disease (KD) is an abnormal cutaneous fibroproliferative disorder of unknown aetiopathogenesis. Keloid fibroblasts (KF) are implicated as mediators of elevated extracellular matrix deposition. Aberrant secretory behaviour by KF relative to normal skin fibroblasts (NF) may influence the disease state. To date, no previous reports exist on the ability of site-specific KF to induce fibrotic-like phenotypic changes in NF or normal scar fibroblasts (NS) by paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of conditioned media from site-specific KF on the cellular and molecular behaviour of both NF and NS enabled by paracrine mechanisms. Conditioned media was collected from cultured primary fibroblasts during a proliferative log phase of growth including: NF, NS, peri-lesional keloid fibroblasts (PKF) and intra-lesional keloid fibroblasts (IKF). Conditioned media was used to grow NF, NS, PKF and IKF cells over 240 hrs. Cellular behavior was monitored through real time cell analysis (RTCA), proliferation rates and migration in a scratch wound assay. Fibrosis-associated marker expression was determined at both protein and gene level. PKF conditioned media treatment of both NF and NS elicited enhanced cell proliferation, spreading and viability as measured in real time over 240 hrs versus control conditioned media. Following PKF and IKF media treatments up to 240 hrs, both NF and NS showed significantly elevated proliferation rates (p<0.03) and migration in a scratch wound assay (p<0.04). Concomitant up-regulation of collagen I, fibronectin, α-SMA, PAI-1, TGF-β and CTGF (p<0.03) protein expression were also observed. Corresponding qRT-PCR analysis supported these findings (P<0.03). In all cases, conditioned media from growing marginal PKF elicited the strongest effects. In conclusion, primary NF and NS cells treated with PKF or IKF conditioned media exhibit enhanced expression of fibrosis-associated molecular markers and increased cellular activity as a result of keloid fibroblast-derived paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Ashcroft
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Farhatullah Syed
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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