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Yamada S, Honzawa Y, Yamamoto S, Matsuura M, Kitamoto H, Okabe M, Kakiuchi N, Toyonaga T, Kobayashi T, Hibi T, Seno H, Nakase H. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the MEFV Gene E148Q Are Highly Associated With Disease Phenotype in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:970-980. [PMID: 37951297 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MEFV gene may modify inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients and their involvement in IBD pathophysiology remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed 12 MEFV gene SNPs in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese IBD patients (Crohn's disease [CD]: 69 patients, ulcerative colitis: 32 patients) by polymerase chain reaction using next-generation DNA sequencing and evaluated their prevalence and association with the disease characteristics. Inflammasome activity and mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from CD patients stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and adenosine triphosphate, and compared between those with and without the E148Q SNP. COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression was analyzed in CCD-18Co cells costimulated with IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients was similar to that in the human gene database. E148Q was the most common SNP. Compared with CD patients without E148Q, those with E148Q had a significantly greater frequency of the stricture phenotype, and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited significantly higher IL-1β and IL-18 levels and higher caspase-1 activity. IL-1β and IL-17A synergistically increased COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS MEFV gene SNPs, including E148Q, modify the behavior of CD. IL-1β and IL-18 are produced through enhanced caspase-1 activity in monocytes of CD patients with E148Q. IL-1β promotes gene expression of fibrosis-related genes by cooperating with IL-17A in myofibroblasts. Therefore, E148Q might be a disease-modifying gene associated with the fibrostenosis phenotype in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honzawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Toyonaga
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Sieiro Santos C, Antolín SC, Lorenzo JDLC, Garay CL, Morales CM, de Miguel EB, Guerrero MR, Herránz LS, Álvarez ED. KL6 and IL-18 levels are negatively correlated with respiratory function tests and ILD extent assessed on HRCT in patients with systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152366. [PMID: 38290372 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Serum biomarkers have been suggested as indicators for pulmonary damage with clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis of SSc-ILD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of serum biomarkers (Krebs von den Lungen-6 KL-6, IL-18 and IL-18BP) as a potential biomarker reflecting the severity of SSc-ILD as assessed through high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT), including forced vital capacity (%FVC) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (%DLCO). METHODS A cross-sectional study including patients with SSc fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria was performed. Patients were classified according to disease duration and pulmonary involvement (presence of ILD). All SSc patients underwent chest HRCT scans and pulmonary function test at baseline. Serum concentration of KL-6, IL8 and IL18BP were determined using the quantitative ELISA technique, sandwich type (solid phase sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay), with kits from MyBiosource for KL-6 and from Invitrogen for IL18 and IL18BP. A semiquantitative grade of ILD extent was evaluated through HRCT scan (grade 1, 0-20%; grade 2, >20%). Extensive disease was defined as >20% lung involvement on HRCT, and FVC <70% predicted and limited lung involvement as ≤20% ILD involvement on HRCT, and an FVC ≥70% predicted. RESULTS 74 patients were included, 27% were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.5±15 years and the mean time since diagnosis was 7.67±8 years. 28 patients had ILD (38%). 64% of patients had <20% ILD extent classified through HRCT scan. SSc-ILD patients had elevated serum KL-6 and IL-18 levels compared to patients without ILD (p=0.003 and p=0.04), and those findings were preserved after adjusting for age and sex. Negative correlation between KL-6 levels and%FVC (β=-0.25, p 0.037) and% DLCO (β=-0.28, p 0.02) and between IL-18 levels and%FVC (β=-0.38, p 0.001) and%DLCO (β=-0.27, p 0.03) were found. Serum KL-6 and IL-18 levels successfully differentiated grades 1 and 2 of the semiquantitative grades of ILD extent (p = 0.028 and p = 0.022). Semiquantitative grades of ILD on the HRCT scan were significantly proportional to the KL-6 (p = 0.01) and IL-18 (p = 0.03). A positive correlation between extensive lung disease and KL-6 (β=0.42, p = 0.007) but not with IL-18 was found. CONCLUSIONS Serum KL-6 levels and IL-18 were increased in patients with SSc-ILD and showed a positive correlation with ILD severity as measured using a semiquantitative CT grading scale and negative correlation with PFT parameters. Serum KL-6 and IL-18 could be a clinically useful biomarker in screening and evaluating SSc-ILD.
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Woo S, Gandhi S, Ghincea A, Saber T, Lee CJ, Ryu C. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated cytokines in scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254904. [PMID: 37849737 PMCID: PMC10577231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SSc-ILD (scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease) is a complex rheumatic disease characterized in part by immune dysregulation leading to the progressive fibrotic replacement of normal lung architecture. Because improved treatment options are sorely needed, additional study of the fibroproliferative mechanisms mediating this disease has the potential to accelerate development of novel therapies. The contribution of innate immunity is an emerging area of investigation in SSc-ILD as recent work has demonstrated the mechanistic and clinical significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated cytokines of TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), and IL-18 in this disease. In this review, we will highlight novel pathophysiologic insights afforded by these studies and the potential of leveraging this complex biology for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Wang X, Wang L, Wen X, Zhang L, Jiang X, He G. Interleukin-18 and IL-18BP in inflammatory dermatological diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:955369. [PMID: 36742296 PMCID: PMC9889989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon-γ inducer, belongs to the IL-1 family of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factors, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a native antagonist of IL-18 in vivo, regulating its activity. Moreover, IL-18 exerts an influential function in host innate and adaptive immunity, and IL-18BP has elevated levels of interferon-γ in diverse cells, suggesting that IL-18BP is a negative feedback inhibitor of IL-18-mediated immunity. Similar to IL-1β, the IL-18 cytokine is produced as an indolent precursor that requires further processing into an active cytokine by caspase-1 and mediating downstream signaling pathways through MyD88. IL-18 has been implicated to play a role in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and bullous pemphigoid in human inflammatory skin diseases. Currently, IL-18BP is less explored in treating inflammatory skin diseases, while IL-18BP is being tested in clinical trials for other diseases. Thereby, IL-18BP is a prospective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xian Jiang, ; Gu He,
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xian Jiang, ; Gu He,
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Huang L, Qian W, Xu Y, Guo Z, Yin Y, Guo F, Zhu W, Li Y. Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Contributes to Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease Through the ATX-LPA Axis. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1124-1139. [PMID: 35104318 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal fibrostenosis is an important cause of surgical intervention in patients with Crohn's disease [CD]. Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [MAT] is associated with the disease process of CD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of MAT to intestinal fibrosis. METHODS MAT from surgical specimens of fibrostenotic CD patients and controls was collected for measurement of the levels of autotaxin [ATX] and lysophosphatidic acid [LPA]. ATX was inhibited in vivo in DNBS [dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid]-induced colitis mice, which were evaluated for colonic inflammation and fibrosis. 3T3-L1 cells and primary colonic fibroblasts were used in vitro to investigate the interaction between MAT and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction. RESULTS MAT adjacent to the fibrostenotic intestine in CD patients showed an activated ATX-LPA axis. An in vivo study indicated that inhibition of ATX was associated with the improvement of morphology and function of diseased MAT, which was combined with ameliorated intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in DNBS-instilled mice. In vitro studies showed that hypoxia stimulated adipocyte ATX expression and that LPA stabilized adipocyte HIF-1α protein, forming an ATX-LPA-HIF-1α amplification loop and aggravating adipocyte dysfunction. LPA secreted by adipocytes bound to LPA1 on the surface of fibroblasts, promoted their proliferation and differentiation, and increased the expression of fibrosis-related factors. CONCLUSIONS The ATX-LPA axis regulated intestinal fibrosis by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal fibroblasts. Inhibiting this axis may be a therapeutic target for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Chen L, Chen G, Zhu D, Chen J, Duan L, Duan Y. rSjP40 Inhibited the Activity of Collagen Type I Promoter via Ets-1 in HSCs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765616. [PMID: 34820381 PMCID: PMC8606555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the liver. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of ECM and a key regulator of liver fibrosis. Collagen type I alpha I (COL1A1) is one of the main components of ECM and is a major component in fibrotic tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum could inhibit the expression of COL1A1 in activated HSCs. In addition, studies have found that Ets proto-oncogene 1 (Ets-1) suppresses the production of ECM by down-regulating matrix related genes such as COL1A1 induced by transforming growth factor β, and ultimately inhibits liver fibrosis. In this study, the major aim was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Ets-1 on inhibiting COL1A1 gene promoter activity in HSCs by recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein P40 (rSjP40). We observed the rSjP40 inhibited the expression of COL1A1 by inhibiting the activity of the COL1A1 promoter, and the core region of rSjP40 acting on COL1A1 promoter was located at -1,722/-1,592. In addition, we also demonstrated that rSjP40 could promote the expression of Ets-1, and Ets-1 has a negative regulation effect on the COL1A1 promoter in human LX-2 cells. These data suggest that rSjP40 might inhibit the activity of COL1A1 promoter and inhibit the activation of HSCs by increasing the expression of transcription factor Ets-1, which will provide a new experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital & Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Emodin induces collagen type I synthesis in Hs27 human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:420. [PMID: 33747160 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen and elastic fibers are the main components of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), which confers mechanical strength and resilience to the skin. In particular, type I collagen produced by fibroblasts is the most abundant collagen that determines the general strength of the ECM, thereby contributing to the prevesntion of the skin-aging process. Although the natural anthraquinone derivative emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) exerts numerous beneficial effects, including antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects in diverse cells, the effect of emodin on collagen expression or skin aging is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that exposure to emodin increased type I collagen synthesis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in Hs27 human dermal fibroblasts. Subsequent experiments showed that emodin strongly increased collagen type I levels without altering cell proliferation or cellular matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression. Additionally, it was determined that increased phosphorylation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, following emodin treatment, was responsible for increased type I collagen synthesis. These findings clearly indicate that emodin plays an important role in collagen type I synthesis in dermal fibroblasts, thereby making it a potential drug candidate for treating skin aging and wrinkles.
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Innate immune response in systemic autoimmune diseases: a potential target of therapy. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1421-1438. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Xu D, Mu R, Wei X. The Roles of IL-1 Family Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2025. [PMID: 31572353 PMCID: PMC6753625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 family consists of 11 cytokines, 7 ligands with agonist activity (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and four members with antagonistic activities [IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-36Ra, IL-37, IL-38]. Recent articles have described that most members of IL-1 family cytokines are involved in the process of innate and adaptive immunity as well as fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). IL-1 family gene polymorphisms, abnormal expression of IL-1 and its potential role in the fibrosis process have been explored in SSc. IL-33 and IL-18 have also been discussed in the recent years. IL-33 may contribute to the fibrosis of SSc, while IL-18 remains to be researched to confirm its role in fibrosis process. There is a lack of study on the pathophysiological roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in SSc, which might provide us new study area. Here, we aim to give a brief overview of IL-1 family cytokines and discuss their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Mu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Elevated serum levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-33 in patients with systemic sclerosis in Chinese population. Z Rheumatol 2019; 77:151-159. [PMID: 27644954 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Although the pathogenesis of the disease remains incompletely understood, some cytokines or growth factors which regulate SSc induction may be involved in the injury of endothelial cells and the modulation of leukocyte function. We aimed to perform this case-control study to determine serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 and their associations with clinical manifestations in SSc patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 56 patients with SSc and 56 healthy individuals who were recruited from local hospital between 2012 and 2014. Serum IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 levels were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that serum IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 levels in SSc patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. After adjusting possible confounding factors (sex, age, smoking and drinking) by multivariable analyses, serum IL-1β levels (OR = 1.082; 95 % CI: 1.013-1.155) and serum IL-33 levels (OR = 1.100; 95 %CI: 1.022-1.185) were still related factors. There were interrelationships among the serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 and these associations were not consistent in SSc patients and controls. No associations of serum IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 levels with clinical parameters were found. CONCLUSION IL-1β and IL-33 may contribute to the development of SSc. While there were no direct associations between these cytokines and disease manifestations, they still could be considered as serum markers of development of SSc. Further studies are required to validate this incipient data.
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Lin E, Vincent FB, Sahhar J, Ngian GS, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Mende R, Morand EF, Lang T, Harris J. Analysis of serum interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-1β and IL-18 in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1045. [PMID: 30997045 PMCID: PMC6451750 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by fibrosis, vascular dysfunction and immune dysregulation. The pathogenesis of SSc remains poorly understood, although studies have indicated a role for the innate immune response. Methods Here, we measured serum interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels in 105 SSc patients and 47 healthy controls (HC) and analysed them with respect to multiple clinical parameters. Results Serum IL‐18 concentrations were significantly higher in SSc patients than in HC, while no significant differences in concentrations of IL‐1α and IL‐1β were observed between SSc and HC. In both SSc and HC serum, IL‐1α and IL‐1β were positively correlated, while in SSc, both cytokines negatively correlated with IL‐18. Serum IL‐18 was significantly negatively correlated with both carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Serum IL‐1β was positively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), particularly in patients with limited subtype. DLCO, KCO and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity were significantly higher in patients with high serum IL‐1β. Serum IL‐1α was significantly lower in SSc patients with low KCO and positively correlated with KCO. SSc patients with high serum IL‐1α concentrations were more likely to have digital ulcers. Conclusions Our data suggest that these IL‐1 family cytokines may have different roles in the pathogenesis of SSc fibrotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lin
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Fabien B Vincent
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Joanne Sahhar
- Department of Rheumatology Monash Health & Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Gene-Siew Ngian
- Department of Rheumatology Monash Health & Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Rachel Mende
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia.,Department of Rheumatology Monash Health & Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Tali Lang
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia.,Present address: Tali Lang, The Szalmuk Family Department of Medical Oncology Cabrini Institute Malvern VIC 3144 Australia
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Tan WQ, Fang QQ, Shen XZ, Giani JF, Zhao TV, Shi P, Zhang LY, Khan Z, Li Y, Li L, Xu JH, Bernstein EA, Bernstein KE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor works as a scar formation inhibitor by down-regulating Smad and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) pathways in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4239-4252. [PMID: 30153328 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an important part of the renin-angiotensin system, is implicated in stimulating the fibrotic processes in the heart, lung, liver and kidney, while an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) promotes physiological tissue repair in these organs. The mechanism is closely related to TGF-β1 pathways. However, the reported effects of applying ACEIs during scar formation are unclear. Hence, we explored the anti-fibrotic effects of an ACEI and the molecular mechanisms involved in a mouse scar model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH After a full-thickness skin wound operation, ACE wild-type mice were randomly assigned to receive either ramipril, losartan or hydralazine p.o. ACE knockout (KO) mice and negative control mice only received vehicle (water). Wound/scar widths during wound healing and histological examinations were recorded at the final day. The ability of ACEI to reduce fibrosis via TGF-β1 signalling was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS ACE KO mice and mice that received ramipril showed narrower wound/scar width, reduced fibroblast proliferation, decreased collagen and TGF-β1 expression. ACEI attenuated the phosphorylation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2/3) and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of ACE-related peptides varied in murine models with different drug treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ACEI showed anti-fibrotic properties in scar formation by mediating downstream peptides to suppress TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/TAK1 pathways. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of Smad and TAK1 signalling by ACEI is a useful strategy for the development of new anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tuantuan V Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - You Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Hua Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Henderson J, Bhattacharyya S, Varga J, O'Reilly S. Targeting TLRs and the inflammasome in systemic sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:163-169. [PMID: 30081049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation, vascular problems, cytokine dysregulation and ultimately fibrosis, which accounts for poor prognosis and eventual mortality. At present no curative treatments exist, hence there is an urgent need to better understand the aetiology and develop improved therapies accordingly. Although still widely debated, significant evidence points to upregulation of the innate immune response via the activity of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the NLRP3 inflammasome as the start points in a cascade of signaling events which drives excessive extracellular matrix protein production, causing fibrosis. Herein the recent breakthroughs which have implicated TLR signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome in SSc and the novel therapeutic possibilities this introduces to the field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 8ST, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Varga
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 8ST, United Kingdom.
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14
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Liu J, Kang SG, Wang P, Wang Y, Lv X, Liu Y, Wang F, Gu Z, Yang Z, Weber JK, Tao N, Qin Z, Miao Q, Chen C, Zhou R, Zhao Y. Molecular mechanism of Gd@C 82(OH) 22 increasing collagen expression: Implication for encaging tumor. Biomaterials 2017; 152:24-36. [PMID: 29080421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium-containing fullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 has demonstrated low-toxicity and highly therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis through new strategy of encaging cancer, however, little is known about the mechanisms how this nanoparticle regulates fibroblast cells to prison (instead of poison) cancer cells. Here, we report that Gd@C82(OH)22 promote the binding activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) to tumor necrosis factor receptors 2 (TNFR2), activate TNFR2/p38 MAPK signaling pathway to increase cellular collagen expression in fibrosarcoma cells and human primary lung cancer associated fibroblasts isolated from patients. We also employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the atomic-scale mechanisms that dictate how Gd@C82(OH)22 mediates interactions between TNFα and TNFRs. Our data suggest that Gd@C82(OH)22 might enhance the association between TNFα and TNFR2 through a "bridge-like" mode of interaction; by contrast, the fullerenol appears to inhibit TNFα-TNFR1 association by binding to two of the receptor's cysteine-rich domains. In concert, our results uncover a sequential, systemic process by which Gd@C82(OH)22 acts to prison tumor cells, providing new insights into principles of designs of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Seung-Gu Kang
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zonglin Gu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jeffrey K Weber
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Ning Tao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA; Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
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15
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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Feng W, Chen R, Chen J, Touyz RM, Wang J, Huang H. Interleukin-18 Enhances Vascular Calcification and Osteogenic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through TRPM7 Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1933-1943. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Weijing Feng
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Renhua Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
| | - Hui Huang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.W., H.H.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (J.C.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (K.Z., Y.Z., W.F., R.C., J.C., J.W., H.H.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Glasgow
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16
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Fricke F, Lee J, Michalak M, Warnken U, Hausser I, Suarez-Carmona M, Halama N, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. TGFBR2-dependent alterations of exosomal cargo and functions in DNA mismatch repair-deficient HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28376875 PMCID: PMC5379773 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that lack DNA mismatch repair function exhibit the microsatellite unstable (MSI) phenotype and are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations at short repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). These tumors recurrently show inactivating frameshift mutations in the tumor suppressor Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type 2 (TGFBR2) thereby abrogating downstream signaling. How altered TGFBR2 signaling affects exosome-mediated communication between MSI tumor cells and their environment has not been resolved. Here, we report on molecular alterations of exosomes shed by MSI cells and the biological response evoked in recipient cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analysis. TGFBR2-dependent effects on the cargo and functions of exosomes were studied in a MSI CRC model cell line enabling reconstituted and inducible TGFBR2 expression and signaling. Microsatellite frameshift mutations in exosomal and cellular DNA were examined by PCR-based DNA fragment analysis and exosomal protein profiles were identified by mass spectrometry. Uptake of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by hepatoma recipient cells was monitored by confocal microscopy. TGFBR2-dependent exosomal effects on secreted cytokine levels of recipient cells were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA. RESULTS Frameshift mutation patterns in microsatellite stretches of TGFBR2 and other MSI target genes were found to be reflected in the cargo of MSI CRC-derived exosomes. At the proteome level, reconstituted TGFBR2 expression and signaling uncovered two protein subsets exclusively occurring in exosomes derived from TGFBR2-deficient (14 proteins) or TGFBR2-proficient (five proteins) MSI donor cells. Uptake of these exosomes by recipient cells caused increased secretion (2-6 fold) of specific cytokines (Interleukin-4, Stem Cell Factor, Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B), depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of the tumor cell. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the coding MSI phenotype of DNA mismatch repair-deficient CRC cells is maintained in their exosomal DNA. Moreover, we uncovered that a recurrent MSI tumor driver mutation like TGFBR2 can reprogram the protein content of MSI cell-derived exosomes and in turn modulate the cytokine secretion profile of recipient cells. Apart from its diagnostic potential, these TGFBR2-dependent exosomal molecular and proteomic signatures might help to understand the signaling routes used by MSI tumors. Fricke et al. uncovered coding microsatellite instability-associated mutations of colorectal tumor driver genes like TGFBR2 in MSI tumor cellderived exosomes. Depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of their donor cells, shed exosomes show distinct proteomic signatures and promote altered cytokine secretion profiles in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Tissue Genesis, Suite 1000, Tissue Genesis Tower, 810 Richards Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Nair V, Bandyopadhyay P, Kundu D, Das S. Estimation of interleukin-18 in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum of Bengali population with periodontal health and disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:260-4. [PMID: 27563198 PMCID: PMC4976545 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Host's immune response elicits cytokines in response to bacterial challenge. We explore role of one such cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in periodontal health and disease. Aims: IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory and tumor suppressive cytokine. Dental literatures suggest that IL-18 might have a role to play in the progression from oral health to periodontal disease. Therefore, this study was undertaken to elucidate the level and role of IL-18 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of individuals with healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy. Settings and Design: Eighty individuals chosen for the study were divided into healthy control group (1A), chronic gingivitis (2A), chronic periodontitis (3A), and aggressive periodontitis (4A) with twenty individuals each. Criteria for the division were the subject's gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Materials and Methods: The individuals underwent treatment (scaling in case of Groups 1A and 2A and scaling and root planing followed by flap surgery in Groups 3A and 4A) to form posttreatment Groups 1B, 2B, 3B, and 4B, respectively. Thus, a total of 160 GCF and 160 serum samples were collected and tested by ELISA. Statistical Analysis Used: Intergroup comparison was done by post hoc Tukey's test. Results: The mean IL-18 concentration was greatest in Group 3A (GCF 144.61 pg/μl, serum 55.12 pg/ml) followed by Group 4A (GCF 98.55 pg/μl, serum 39.06 pg/ml), Group 2A (GCF 22.27 pg/μl, serum 27.73 pg/ml) and lowest (GCF 17.94 pg/μl, serum 11.49 pg/ml) in Group 1A. Posttreatment groups (1B–4B) showed reduction in the mean IL-18 concentration in both GCF and serum. Conclusions: As the inflammation increased, there was a concomitant increase in the level of IL-18 and vice versa following periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Nair
- Department of Periodontia, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Periodontia, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Kundu
- Department of Periodontia, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satadal Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Peerless Hospital and B. K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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18
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Zhou J, Ling J, Wang Y, Shang J, Ping F. Cross-talk between interferon-gamma and interleukin-18 in melanogenesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:133-43. [PMID: 27567084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in our body and strategically placed to provide a metabolically active biological barrier against a range of noxious stressors. A lot of inflammatory cytokines, which are increased after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation produced by keratinocytes or other immunocytes, are closely related to pigmentary changes, including interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In this study, the effect of cross-talk between IL-18 and IFN-γ on melanogenesis was investigated. Treatment with IL-18 resulted in a dose-dependent increase of melanogenesis, while IFN-γ made an opposite effect. This influence of IL-18 and IFN-γ was mediated by regulations of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream enzymatic cascade expressions. Furthermore, IFN-γ inhibited basal and IL-18-induced melanogenesis. IFN-γ increased signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation to play its position in regulating melanin pigmentation, and its inhibitory effect could be prevented by Janus Kinase 1 (JAK 1) inhibitor. IFN-γ could inhibit melanogenesis by decreasing melanocyte dendrite formation. In addition, IFN-γ inhibited the expressions of Rab Pases to suppress the mature and transport of melanosomes. IL-18 could rapidly induce Akt and PTEN phosphorylation and p65 expression in B16F10 cells. When treatment with IL-18 and IFN-γ together, the phosphorylation level of Protein Kinase B (Akt) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and expression of p65 NF-κB were inhibited, compared with treated with IL-18 only. Our studies indicated that IFN-γ could directly induce B16F10 cells apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IFN-γ markedly up-regulated IL-18 binding protein (BP) production in normal human foreskin-derived epidermal keratinocytes in dose-dependent manner. UVB irradiation induced protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expression in NHEK, IFN-γ could inhibit this enhancement in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that IFN-γ plays a role in regulating inflammation- or UV-induced pigmentary changes, in direct/indirect manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Ping
- Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China.
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19
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Morin F, Kavian N, Nicco C, Cerles O, Chéreau C, Batteux F. Improvement of Sclerodermatous Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice by Niclosamide. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2158-2167. [PMID: 27424318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell graft, shares many features with systemic sclerosis, such as production of autoantibodies and fibrosis of skin and inner organs. Recent reports on the implication of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and of Wnt/β-catenin in fibrosis have prompted us to investigate the effects of the inhibition of both signaling pathways in a mouse model of sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, using niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, with a well-defined safety profile. Sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease was induced in BALB/c mice by B10.D2 bone marrow and spleen cell transplantation. Mice were treated every other day, 5 days a week, for 5 weeks by niclosamide. Clinical and biological features were studied 42 days after transplantation. Niclosamide reversed clinical symptoms including alopecia, vasculitis, and diarrhea and prevented fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Beneficial immunological effects were also observed: niclosamide decreased the production of effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, T-cell infiltration of the skin and visceral organs, and decreased productions of IL-4 and IL-13, and autoimmune B-cell activation. The improvement provided by niclosamide in the mouse model of sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease provides a rationale for the evaluation of niclosamide in the management of patients affected by systemic fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Morin
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Niloufar Kavian
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cerles
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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Carr MJ, Li Y, Rezakhanlou AM, Ghahary A. Keratinocyte-Releasable Factors Stimulate the Expression of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:308-317. [PMID: 27340768 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts plays a critical role in maintaining skin integrity under both normal and pathological conditions. We have previously demonstrated that keratinocyte-releasable factors influence the expression of key extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in dermal fibroblasts. In this study, we utilized DNA microarray analysis to examine the effects of keratinocyte-releasable factors on the expression of several cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts. The results revealed significantly higher granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression in fibroblasts co-cultured with keratinocytes relative to mono-cultured cells, which was verified by RT-PCR and western blot. G-CSF is an important hematopoietic factor also thought to play a beneficial role in wound healing through stimulating keratinocyte proliferation. To partially characterize the keratinocyte-releasable factors responsible for stimulating G-CSF production, keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) was subjected to thermal treatment and ammonium sulfate precipitation before treating fibroblasts. The results showed that keratinocyte-releasable G-CSF-stimulating factors remain stable at 56°C and upon 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation. Knowing that keratinocytes release IL-1, which stimulates G-CSF expression in various immune cells, several experiments were conducted to ask whether this might also be the case for fibroblasts. The results showed that the addition of recombinant IL-1 markedly increased G-CSF expression in fibroblasts; however, IL-1 receptor antagonist only partially abrogated KCM-stimulated G-CSF expression, indicating the role of additional keratinocyte-releasable factors. These findings underline the importance of cross-talk between keratinocytes and fibroblasts, suggesting that communication between these cells in vivo modulates the production of cytokines required for cutaneous wound healing and maintenance. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 308-317, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Carr
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yunyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alireza Moeen Rezakhanlou
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Jung N, Yu J, Um J, Dubon MJ, Park KS. Substance P modulates properties of normal and diabetic dermal fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:155-161. [PMID: 30603395 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts play essential roles in wound healing. However, they lose their normal regenerative functions under certain pathologic conditions such as in chronic diabetic wounds. Here, we show that substance P (SP) rescues the malfunctions of dermal fibroblasts in diabetes. SP increased the proliferation of diabetic dermal fibroblasts dose-dependently, although the effect was lower compared to the SP-stimulated proliferation of normal dermal fibroblasts. In contrast to normal dermal fibroblasts, SP increased the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in diabetic dermal fibroblast hence, rescuing their angiogenic potential. The cellular characteristics of diabetic dermal fibroblasts modulated by SP would be able to accelerate the wound healing process through faster wound contraction and improved angiogenesis in diabetic chronic wounds. Moreover, SP pretreatment into dermal fibroblasts isolated from diabetic patients would be a promising strategy to develop autologous cell therapy for treating diabetic chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunggum Jung
- 1Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Yu
- 1Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jihyun Um
- 1Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Maria Jose Dubon
- 1Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- 2East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Nakamura K, Asano Y, Taniguchi T, Minatsuki S, Inaba T, Maki H, Hatano M, Yamashita T, Saigusa R, Ichimura Y, Takahashi T, Toyama T, Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, Sugaya M, Sato S. Serum levels of interleukin-18-binding protein isoform a: Clinical association with inflammation and pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2016; 43:912-8. [PMID: 26777734 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by extensive tissue fibrosis and various vascular complications. A wealth of evidence suggests the substantial contribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines to the development of SSc, but the role of interleukin (IL)-18 signaling in this disease still remains elusive. To address this issue, we herein determined serum levels of IL-18-binding protein isoform a (IL-18BPa), a soluble decoy receptor for IL-18, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 57 SSc patients and 20 healthy controls and evaluated their clinical correlation. Serum IL-18BPa levels were higher in SSc patients than in healthy controls, while comparable between diffuse cutaneous SSc and limited cutaneous SSc patients. Although serum IL-18BPa levels were not associated with dermal and pulmonary fibrotic parameters in SSc patients, there was a significant positive correlation between serum IL-18BPa levels and right ventricular systolic pressure estimated by echocardiography. Furthermore, in 24 SSc patients who underwent right heart catheterization, serum IL-18BPa levels positively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure. As for systemic inflammatory markers, significant positive correlations of circulating IL-18BPa levels with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were noted. These results suggest that the inhibition of IL-18 signaling by IL-18BPa may be involved in the development of pulmonary vascular involvement leading to pulmonary hypertension and modulate the systemic inflammation in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Minatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Inaba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Maki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Toyama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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IL-18 and Cutaneous Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29357-69. [PMID: 26690141 PMCID: PMC4691115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, an IL-1 family cytokine, is a pleiotropic immune regulator. IL-18 plays a strong proinflammatory role by inducing interferon (IFN)-γ. Previous studies have implicated IL-18 in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, it is not well understood biologic activities of IL-18 in the diverse skin diseases. Here, we have reviewed the expression and function of IL-18 in skin diseases including inflammatory diseases. This article provides an evidence-based understanding of the role of IL-18 in skin diseases and its relationship with disease activities.
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Chen S, Liu J, Yang M, Lai W, Ye L, Chen J, Hou X, Ding H, Zhang W, Wu Y, Liu X, Huang S, Yu X, Xiao D. Fn14, a Downstream Target of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway, Regulates Fibroblast Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143802. [PMID: 26625141 PMCID: PMC4666639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, the hallmark of human injuries and diseases such as serious burns, is characterized by excessive collagen synthesis and myofibroblast accumulation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a potent inducer of collagen synthesis, has been implicated in fibrosis in animals. In addition to TGF-β, fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14) has been reported to play an important role in fibrotic diseases, such as cardiac fibrosis. However, the function and detailed regulatory mechanism of Fn14 in fibrosis are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of Fn14 on the activation of human dermal fibroblasts. In normal dermal fibroblasts, TGF-β signaling increased collagen production and Fn14 expression. Furthermore, Fn14 siRNA blocked extracellular matrix gene expression; even when TGF-β signaling was activated by TGF-β1, fibroblast activation remained blocked in the presence of Fn14 siRNA. Overexpressing Fn14 increased extracellular matrix gene expression. In determining the molecular regulatory mechanism, we discovered that SMAD4, an important TGF-β signaling co-mediator, bound to the Fn14 promoter and activated Fn14 transcription. Taken together, these results indicate that the TGF-β signaling pathway activates Fn14 expression through the transcription factor SMAD4 and that activated Fn14 expression increases extracellular matrix synthesis and fibroblast activation. Therefore, Fn14 may represent a promising approach to preventing the excessive accumulation of collagen or ECM in skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Chen
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmacy Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Lai
- Burn and Wound Repair Surgery of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Litong Ye
- Pharmacy Department of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghua Hou
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XY)
| | - Dingzhang Xiao
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (XY)
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25
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Zhang J, Pan C, Xu T, Niu Z, Ma C, Xu C. Interleukin 18 augments growth ability via NF-κB and p38/ATF2 pathways by targeting cyclin B1, cyclin B2, cyclin A2, and Bcl-2 in BRL-3A rat liver cells. Gene 2015; 563:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou J, Ping FF, Lv WT, Feng JY, Shang J. Interleukin-18 directly protects cortical neurons by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathways. Cytokine 2014; 69:29-38. [PMID: 25022959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, was initially identified as an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor. IL-18 is expressed in both immune and non-immune cells and participates in the adjustment of multitude cellular functions. Nonetheless, the effects of IL-18 on cortical neurons have not been explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of IL-18 on rat primary cortical neurons and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that rrIL-18 increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with rrIL-18 (50 ng/ml) deactivated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by facilitating its phosphorylation, enhanced the expression of Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) and p-Akt, standing for the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. As its pivotal downstream pathways, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)/Bcl-2 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were examined in further steps. Our data revealed that rrIL-18 stimulated NF-κB activation, improved p-CREB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression levels. But rrIL-18 had little or no effect on GSK-3β pathway. Besides, rrIL-18 increased levels of BDNF and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression to protect cortical neurons from damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). These results in vitro showed the protection of IL-18 on cortical neurons. And this direct neuroprotective effect of IL-18 is crippled by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Feng-feng Ping
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wen-ting Lv
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jun-yi Feng
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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Amplified and selective assay of collagens by enzymatic and fluorescent reactions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4950. [PMID: 24821501 PMCID: PMC4018762 DOI: 10.1038/srep04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and selective assay of collagen is of substantial importance to the diagnostic study of health- and aging-related failures. In this paper, we describe a highly specific and sensitive method for the assay of whole collagens in biological samples using a novel fluorogenic reagent, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA). The 3,4-DHPAA reagent can selectively detect N-terminal Gly-containing peptides (NGPs) in the presence of sodium borate and NaIO4. Under conditions optimized, this assay format for collagen, termed 3,4-DHPAA assay method showed a good linear relationship between the amplified FL signals and the collagen concentrations from 0.18 to 12 μg/ml. Therefore the sensitive determination of intracellular collagens in cheek tissue and HeLa cells was individually possible without any separation protocol. The dual recognitions of the collagens in the samples could be performed by the enzymatic digestion and the FL reaction. The proposed assay method enables the determination facile, specific, sensitive and quantitative for biogenic collagens.
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28
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29
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Ghosh AK, Quaggin SE, Vaughan DE. Molecular basis of organ fibrosis: potential therapeutic approaches. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:461-81. [PMID: 23856899 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213489441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a non-physiological wound healing in multiple organs, is associated with end-stage pathological symptoms of a wide variety of vascular injury and inflammation related diseases. In response to chemical, immunological and physical insults, the body's defense system and matrix synthetic machinery respond to healing the wound and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled wound healing leads to scarring or fibrosis, a pathological condition characterized by excessive synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, loss of tissue homeostasis and organ failure. Understanding the actual cause of pathological wound healing and identification of igniter(s) of fibrogenesis would be helpful to design novel therapeutic approaches to control pathological wound healing and to prevent fibrosis related morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the significance of a few key cytokines (TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-10) transcriptional activators (Sp1, Egr-1, Smad3), repressors (Smad7, Fli-1, PPAR-γ, p53, Klotho) and epigenetic modulators (acetyltransferase, methyltransferases, deacetylases, microRNAs) involved in major matrix protein collagen synthesis under pathological stage of wound healing, and the potentiality of these regulators as therapeutic targets for fibrosis treatment. The significance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and senescence, two newly emerged fields in fibrosis research, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute & Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Tian Z, Wang XY, Zhou YF, Feng QM, Zhang SJ, Yin TQ, Xu SR, Xia YD, Xu J, Jin J, Wang SP. Schistosoma japonicum scFv-IL18 fusion DNA ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis-infected mice via improving local concentration of IL-18 in liver. Exp Parasitol 2013; 134:447-54. [PMID: 23684910 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic schistosomiasis is caused by irritation of the schistosome eggs trapped in liver that induce delayed hypersensitive reactions from the surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of inflammatory granuloma and subsequent fibrosis. A Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) single-chain fragment variable (SjscFv) which specifically binds to the S. japonicum soluble immature egg antigen (SIEA) can be used as a target to deliver specific cytokine towards the site of hepatic fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, a novel recombinant plasmid, pVAX1/SjscFv-IL18, was constructed by fusing SjscFv to IL-18 gene with a 45bp glycine-rich linker. Furthermore, experiments on mice showed that pVAX1/SjscFv-IL18 could effectively express IL-18 in the liver and in serum. Hepatic contents of IL-2 and IFN-γ (Th1-type) in S. japonicum-infected mice vaccinated with pVAX1/SjscFv-IL18 increased significantly but those of their IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2-type) decreased as compared to the analyzed results of 4 cytokines in the liver cells of control mice vccinated with pVAX1/IL18. Consistent with the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, mice vaccinated with pVAX1/SjscFv-IL18 developed much less hepatic fibrosis 20weeks after infection, which was evaluated by average volumn of granuloma and collagen contents. These data suggested that the linkage of IL-18 to the target-specific SjscFv molecule appears to be a potentially promising trial route of therapy, the hepatic fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected mice may be ameliorated through effective expression of IL18 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tian
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
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Ye X, Cheng X, Liu L, Zhao D, Dang Y. Blood glucose fluctuation affects skin collagen metabolism in the diabetic mouse by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad pathways. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:530-7. [PMID: 23601172 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that in mice, blood glucose fluctuations (BGF) produced more detrimental effects on skin structure and function than did diabetes alone. AIM To determine whether treatment of BGF changes the collagen metabolism in the skin of diabetic mice, and to explore its possible molecular mechanism further. METHODS The study used diabetic and BGF animal models. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and Smad2/3. The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad signal molecules were also detected by western blotting, and the skin fibroblast ultrastructure was examined using an electron microscope. RESULTS BGF treatment produced a twofold reduction in type I collagen synthesis compared with diabetes-only mice. Expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13 increased markedly in the BGF-treated mice, but TIMP-1 expression was strongly downregulated by the BGF treatment. There was also evidence of higher levels of apoptosis of skin fibroblasts after BGF treatment. CONCLUSIONS BGF treatment can affect collagen production in the skin of diabetic BGF mice by inhibiting collagen synthesis and increasing collagen degradation. Furthermore, both MAPK and Smad signalling pathways seem to play a role in the inhibition of collagen production in diabetic mice treated with BGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ye
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou J, Shang J, Song J, Ping F. Interleukin-18 augments growth ability of primary human melanocytes by PTEN inactivation through the AKT/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012. [PMID: 23178856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Normal human skin relies on melanocytes to provide photoprotection and thermoregulation by producing melanin. The growth and behavior of melanocytes are controlled by many factors. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed in both immune and non-immune cells and participates in the adjustment of multitude cellular functions. Nonetheless, the regulative roles of IL-18 in melanogenesis and growth of melanocytes have not been explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of IL-18 on melanocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that IL-18 increased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). Treatment with IL-18 (20 ng/ml) enhanced the expression of c-Kit, microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. In addition, IL-18 induced NHEM migration at concentration of 20 ng/ml. These results indicated a promotive action of IL-18 on melanogenesis in NHEM. Our data revealed that IL-18 stimulated ERK1/2 and NF-κB activation, improved p-Akt, p70 S6K and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels, and deactivated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in NHEM. Besides, IL-18 increased level of PTEN phosphorylation to protect NHEM from damage induced by H(2)O(2). These results in vitro showed the accommodation of IL-18 in melanocytes growth. Therefore, we suggested an important regulating action of IL-18 to melanogenesis and cell growth ability of skin melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced overt pain-like behavior depends on spinal activation of MAP kinases, PI3K and microglia in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:320-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ishikura-Kinoshita S, Saeki H, Tsuji-Naito K. BBF2H7-mediated Sec23A pathway is required for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking in dermal fibroblasts to promote collagen synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2010-8. [PMID: 22495181 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibers, structural elements responsible for mechanical strength in skin, are synthesized constitutively in response to cytokines such as IGF-I. However, little is known about their intracellular trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus during synthesis. We demonstrate herein that the BBF2 human homolog on chromosome 7 (BBF2H7)-mediated Sec23A pathway is involved in regulation of intracellular procollagen trafficking. The mRNA and protein expression of BBF2H7, Sec23A, and type I and III collagen (COL1 and COL3) was induced by IGF-I stimulation. In addition, the cleaved form of BBF2H7 was detected in IGF-I-treated cultures, indicating that activation occurs concurrently with its expression. Knockdown with small interfering RNAs targeting BBF2H7 caused a significant reduction in the expression of COL1 and COL3, regardless of IGF-I treatment. Both mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways via IGF-I receptor activation were required for BBF2H7 induction. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that Golgi apparatus dysmorphology is due to coat protein complex II vehicle hypoplasia caused by the absence of BBF2H7 and Sec23A. The BBF2H7-mediated Sec23A pathway was required for ER-to-Golgi procollagen trafficking to promote collagen synthesis. This role of growth factors such as IGF-I, which to our knowledge is previously unreported, suggests antiaging strategies.
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Response to “Interleukin-18: Friend or Foe for Systemic Sclerosis?”. J Invest Dermatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pan HF, Wang J, Leng RX, Li XP, Ye DQ. Interleukin-18: friend or foe for systemic sclerosis? J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2495; author reply 2496-7. [PMID: 21776011 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Fix C, Bingham K, Carver W. Effects of interleukin-18 on cardiac fibroblast function and gene expression. Cytokine 2010; 53:19-28. [PMID: 21050772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the primary cell type responsible for synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the heart. A number of factors including growth factors, hormones and mechanical forces have been identified that modulate the production of extracellular matrix by cardiac fibroblasts. Inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines also impact fibrosis of the heart. Recent studies have illustrated that interleukin-18 promotes a pro-fibrotic response in cardiac fibroblasts; however the effects of this cytokine on other aspects of fibroblast function have not been examined. While fibroblasts have long been known for their role in production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, other functions of these cells are only now beginning to be appreciated. We hypothesize that exposure to interleukin-18 will stimulate other aspects of fibroblast behavior important in myocardial remodeling including proliferation, migration and collagen reorganization. Fibroblasts were isolated from adult male rat hearts and bioassays performed to determine the effects of interleukin-18 on fibroblast function. Treatment of fibroblasts with interleukin-18 (1-100ng/ml) resulted in increased production of extracellular matrix components and remodeling or contraction of three-dimensional collagen scaffolds by these cells. Furthermore, exposure to interleukin-18 stimulated fibroblast migration and proliferation. Treatment of heart fibroblasts with interleukin-18 resulted in the rapid activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors illustrated that activation of these pathways is critical to interleukin-18 mediated alterations in fibroblast function. These studies illustrate that interleukin-18 plays a role in modulation of cardiac fibroblast function and may be an important component of the inflammation-fibrosis cascade during pathological myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Fix
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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