1
|
Li J, Qu X, Guan C, Luo N, Chen H, Li A, Zhuang H, Yang J, Diao H, Zeng S, Wang Q, Fan J, Jiang M, Bai X, Ye Z, Jiang X, Chen W, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Yu X. Mitochondrial micropeptide MOXI promotes fibrotic gene transcription by translocation to the nucleus and bridging N-acetyltransferase 14 with transcription factor c-Jun. Kidney Int 2023; 103:886-902. [PMID: 36804379 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease, but we lack effective treatments to halt this destructive process. Micropeptides (peptides of no more than 100 amino acids) encoded by small open reading frames represent a new class of eukaryotic regulators. Here, we describe that the micropeptide regulator of β-oxidation (MOXI) regulates kidney fibrosis. MOXI expression was found to be up-regulated in human fibrotic kidney disease, and this correlated with the degree of fibrosis and loss of kidney function. MOXI was expressed in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cultured tubular epithelial cells and translocated to the nucleus upon Transforming Growth Factor-β1 stimulation. Deletion of Moxi protected mice against fibrosis and inflammation in the folic acid and unilateral ureteral obstruction models. As a potential molecular therapy, treatment with an antisense MOXI oligonucleotide effectively knocked-down MOXI expression and protected against kidney fibrosis in both models. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation identified the enzyme N-acetyltransferase 14 (Nat14) and transcription factor c-Jun as MOXI binding partners. The MOXI/Nat14/c-Jun complex enhances basal and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 induced collagen I gene promoter activity. Phosphorylation at T49 is required for MOXI nuclear localization and for complex formation with Nat14 and c-Jun. Furthermore, mice with a MoxiT49A point mutation were protected in the models of kidney fibrosis. Thus, our studies demonstrate a key role for the micropeptide MOXI in kidney fibrosis and identify a new function of MOXI in forming a transcriptional complex with Nat14 and c-Jun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Xinli Qu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chengnong Guan
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Andy Li
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongjie Zhuang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhan Zeng
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crorkin P, Hao S, Ferreri NR. Responses to Ang II (Angiotensin II), Salt Intake, and Lipopolysaccharide Reveal the Diverse Actions of TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) on Blood Pressure and Renal Function. Hypertension 2022; 79:2656-2670. [PMID: 36129177 PMCID: PMC9649876 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is the best known as a proinflammatory cytokine; yet, this cytokine also has important immunomodulatory and regulatory functions. As the effects of TNF-α on immune system function were being revealed, the spectrum of its activities appeared in conflict with each other before investigators defined the settings and mechanisms by which TNF-α contributed to both host defense and chronic inflammation. These effects reflect self-protective mechanisms that may become harmful when dysregulated. The paradigm of physiological and pathophysiological effects of TNF-α has since been uncovered in the lung, colon, and kidney where its role has been identified in pulmonary edema, electrolyte reabsorption, and blood pressure regulation, respectively. Recent studies on the prohypertensive and inflammatory effects of TNF-α in the cardiovascular system juxtaposed to those related to NaCl and blood pressure homeostasis, the response of the kidney to lipopolysaccharide, and protection against bacterial infections are helping define the mechanisms by which TNF-α modulates distinct functions within the kidney. This review discusses how production of TNF-α by renal epithelial cells may contribute to regulatory mechanisms that not only govern electrolyte excretion and blood pressure homeostasis but also maintain the appropriate local hypersalinity environment needed for optimizing the innate immune response to bacterial infections in the kidney. It is possible that the wide range of effects mediated by TNF-α may be related to severity of disease, amount of inflammation and TNF-α levels, and the specific cell types that produce this cytokine, areas that remain to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crorkin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Shoujin Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antigen Cross-Presentation by Murine Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Induces Cytotoxic and Inflammatory CD8+ T Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091510. [PMID: 35563816 PMCID: PMC9104549 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated glomerular diseases are characterized by infiltration of T cells, which accumulate in the periglomerular space and tubulointerstitium in close contact to proximal and distal tubuli. Recent studies described proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) as renal non-professional antigen-presenting cells that stimulate CD4+ T-cell activation. Whether PTECs have the potential to induce activation of CD8+ T cells is less clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the capacity of PTECs for antigen cross-presentation thereby modulating CD8+ T-cell responses. We showed that PTECs expressed proteins associated with cross-presentation, internalized soluble antigen via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis, and generated antigenic peptides by proteasomal degradation. PTECs induced an antigen-dependent CD8+ T-cell activation in the presence of soluble antigen in vitro. PTEC-activated CD8+ T cells expressed granzyme B, and exerted a cytotoxic function by killing target cells. In murine lupus nephritis, CD8+ T cells localized in close contact to proximal tubuli. We determined enhanced apoptosis in tubular cells and particularly PTECs up-regulated expression of cleaved caspase-3. Interestingly, induction of apoptosis in the inflamed kidney was reduced in the absence of CD8+ T cells. Thus, PTECs have the capacity for antigen cross-presentation thereby inducing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in vitro, which may contribute to the pathology of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyagawa T, Iwata Y, Oshima M, Ogura H, Sato K, Nakagawa S, Yamamura Y, Kamikawa Y, Miyake T, Kitajima S, Toyama T, Hara A, Sakai N, Shimizu M, Furuichi K, Munesue S, Yamamoto Y, Kaneko S, Wada T. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products protects from ischemia- and reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Biol Open 2021; 11:273473. [PMID: 34812852 PMCID: PMC8822355 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE ligand of damage-associated molecular patterns that elicits inflammatory reactions. The shedded isoform of RAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), a splice variant, are soluble isoforms (sRAGE) that act as organ-protective decoys. However, the pathophysiologic roles of RAGE/sRAGE in acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. We found that AKI was more severe, with enhanced renal tubular damage, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis, in mice lacking both RAGE and sRAGE than in wild-type control mice. Using murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs), we demonstrated that hypoxia upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas RAGE and esRAGE expressions were paradoxically decreased. Moreover, the addition of recombinant sRAGE canceled hypoxia-induced inflammation and promoted cell viability in cultured TECs. sRAGE administration prevented renal tubular damage in models of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI and of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that sRAGE is a novel therapeutic option for AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Miyagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.,Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kamikawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Taito Miyake
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.,Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Luo Z, Liao C, Cao R, Hussain Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen T, Sun J, Huang Z, Liu B, Zhang X, Guan Y, Deng T. MHC class II in renal tubules plays an essential role in renal fibrosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2530-2540. [PMID: 34556823 PMCID: PMC8545940 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is considered a potential therapeutic approach for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although it has been previously reported that CD4+ T cells contribute to the development of renal fibrosis, the role of MHC class II (MHCII) in the development of renal fibrosis remains largely unknown. The present study reports that the expression of MHCII molecules in renal cortical tubules is upregulated in mouse renal fibrosis models generated by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA). Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in an MHCII-dependent manner. PTECs from mice with renal fibrosis had a stronger ability to induce T cell proliferation and cytokine production than control cells. Global or renal tubule-specific ablation of H2-Ab1 significantly alleviated renal fibrosis following UUO or FA treatment. Renal expression of profibrotic genes showed a consistent reduction in H2-Ab1 gene-deficient mouse lines. Moreover, there was a marked increase in renal tissue CD4+ T cells after UUO or FA treatment and a significant decrease following renal tubule-specific ablation of H2-Ab1. Furthermore, renal tubule-specific H2-Ab1 gene knockout mice exhibited higher proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lower proportions of Th2 cells in the UUO- or FA-treated kidneys. Finally, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed increased renal expression of MHCII and the profibrotic gene α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CKD patients. Together, our human and mouse data demonstrate that renal tubular MHCII plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaokang Luo
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Cao
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zain Hussain
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Guangming Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeting Zhou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tie Chen
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Sun
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China ,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamyshova ES, Bobkova IN, Sekacheva MI. Kidney injury associated with antitumor therapy: focus on the adverse events of modern immuno-oncological drugs. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:649-660. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.06.200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), are a new generation of immuno-oncological drugs that to date have demonstrated efficacy in a number of malignancies. The mechanism of ICT inhibitors action consist in the potentiation of the immune response by eliminating the tumor cells inhibitory effect on the T-lymphocytes activation. However, excessive immune system activation can cause the development of a special class of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involved a wide variety of organs and systems, including the kidneys. Despite the fact that immuno-mediated kidney injury caused by ICI therapy develops quite rarely, it can be serious and determine the patient's prognosis, which necessitates early diagnosis and timely start of treatment. In this regard, awareness of the manifestations of ICI-associated renal irAEs is particularly relevant not only for oncologists and for nephrologists, but for doctors of other specialties. In this review, we elucidated the main variants of immuno-mediated kidney injury caused by ICI therapy, discussed possible predictors and mechanisms of their development, and considers the general principles of diagnosis and management of patients according to the severity of irAEs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao P, Qiao X, Hua W, Hu M, Tahan M, Chen T, Yu H, Ren X, Cao Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang YM, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Harris DC, Zheng G. Promotion of β-Catenin/Forkhead Box Protein O Signaling Mediates Epithelial Repair in Kidney Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:993-1009. [PMID: 33753026 PMCID: PMC8351131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by progressively excessive deposition of matrix components and may lead to organ failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine involved in tissue repair and fibrosis. TGF-β's profibrotic signaling pathways converge at activation of β-catenin. β-Catenin is an important transcription cofactor whose function depends on its binding partner. Promoting β-catenin binding to forkhead box protein O (Foxo) via inhibition of its binding to T-cell factor (TCF) reduces kidney fibrosis in experimental murine models. Herein, we investigated whether β-catenin/Foxo diverts TGF-β signaling from profibrotic to physiological epithelial healing. In an in vitro model of wound healing (scratch assay), and in an in vivo model of kidney injury, unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion, TGF-β treatment in combination with either ICG-001 or iCRT3 (β-catenin/TCF inhibitors) increased β-catenin/Foxo interaction, increased scratch closure by increased cell proliferation and migration, reduced the TGF-β-induced mesenchymal differentiation, and healed the ischemia reperfusion injury with less fibrosis. In addition, administration of ICG-001 or iCRT3 reduced the contractile activity induced by TGF-β in C1.1 cells. Together, our results indicate that redirection of β-catenin binding from TCF to Foxo promotes β-catenin/Foxo-mediated epithelial repair. Targeting β-catenin/Foxo may rebuild normal structure of injured kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree Rao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Winston Hua
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariah Tahan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Titi Chen
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan M Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | | | - David C Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Role for Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Direct Allo-Recognition by CD4+ T-Cells and the Effect of Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041733. [PMID: 33572206 PMCID: PMC7915934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct allorecognition is the earliest and most potent immune response against a kidney allograft. Currently, it is thought that passenger donor professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are responsible. Further, many studies support that graft ischemia-reperfusion injury increases the probability of acute rejection. We evaluated the possible role of primary human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) in direct allorecognition by CD4+ T-cells and the effect of anoxia-reoxygenation. In cell culture, we detected that RPTECs express all the required molecules for CD4+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR, CD80, and ICAM-1). Anoxia-reoxygenation decreased HLA-DR and CD80 but increased ICAM-1. Following this, RPTECs were co-cultured with alloreactive CD4+ T-cells. In T-cells, zeta chain phosphorylation and c-Myc increased, indicating activation of T-cell receptor and co-stimulation signal transduction pathways, respectively. T-cell proliferation assessed with bromodeoxyuridine assay and with the marker Ki-67 increased. Previous culture of RPTECs under anoxia raised all the above parameters in T-cells. FOXP3 remained unaffected in all cases, signifying that proliferating T-cells were not differentiated towards a regulatory phenotype. Our results support that direct allorecognition may be mediated by RPTECs even in the absence of donor-derived professional APCs. Also, ischemia-reperfusion injury of the graft may enhance the above capacity of RPTECs, increasing the possibility of acute rejection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wada Y, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Suzuki T, Tachibana S, Kanazawa N, Honda H. Reno-protective effect of IL-34 inhibition on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245340. [PMID: 33428678 PMCID: PMC7799787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-34 (IL-34) shares a receptor (cFMS) with colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), and these two ligands mediate macrophage proliferation. However, in contrast to CSF-1, the influence of IL-34 on tubular epithelial cells (TECs) injury remains unclear. We investigated the physiological effects of IL-34 on TEC damage caused by cisplatin nephrotoxicity (CP-N). METHODS Mice were administered anti-mouse IL-34 antibody (anti-IL-34 Ab; 400 ng/kg) or vehicle from 1 day before and up to 2 days after CP-N induction. In vitro, mouse renal proximal TECs (MRPTEpiC) were cultured to analyze the inhibitory effects of IL-34 on CP-induced TEC apoptosis. RESULTS Compared to vehicle treatment, anti-IL-34 Ab treatment significantly suppressed the intra-renal expression of IL-34 and its two receptors, cFMS and PTP-ζ, and significantly improved renal function, ameliorated tubulointerstitial injury, suppressed macrophage infiltration, and reduced apoptotic cell numbers in CP-N mice. It also significantly reduced the renal transcript levels of Kim-1, MIP-1/CCL3, TNF-α, and Bax in CP-N mice. Furthermore, anti-IL-34 Ab-treated CP-N mice showed less renal infiltration of F4/80+TNF-α+ cells. In vitro, stimulation with CP induced the expression of IL-34 and its two receptors in MRPTEpiC. Anti-IL-34 Ab treatment significantly suppressed CP-induced Bax expression with the degradation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in damaged MRPTEpiC. CONCLUSIONS IL-34 secreted from damaged TECs appeared to be involved in the progression of CP-N. Inhibition of IL-34 with neutralizing antibody directly prevented CP-induced TEC apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. Blocking of IL-34 appears to suppress the proliferation of cytotoxic macrophages, which indirectly attenuates CP-N. Thus, IL-34 represents a potential therapeutic target for TEC injury, and the inhibition of IL-34 might have a reno-protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Honda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rao P, Pang M, Qiao X, Yu H, Wang H, Yang Y, Ren X, Hu M, Chen T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Khushi M, Zhang G, Wang YM, Heok P'ng C, Nankivell B, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Zheng G, Harris DC. Promotion of β-catenin/Foxo1 signaling ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1689-1701. [PMID: 31243340 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the key cytokine involved in causing fibrosis through cross-talk with major profibrotic pathways. However, inhibition of TGF-β to prevent fibrosis would also abrogate its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. β-catenin is a common co-factor in most TGF-β signaling pathways. β-catenin binds to T-cell factor (TCF) to activate profibrotic genes and binds to Forkhead box O (Foxo) to promote cell survival under oxidative stress. Using a proximity ligation assay in human kidney biopsies, we found that β-catenin/Foxo interactions were higher in kidney with little fibrosis, whereas β-catenin/TCF interactions were upregulated in the kidney of patients with fibrosis. We hypothesised that β-catenin/Foxo is protective against kidney fibrosis. We found that Foxo1 protected against rhTGF-β1-induced profibrotic protein expression using a CRISPR/cas9 knockout of Foxo1 or TCF1 in murine kidney tubular epithelial C1.1 cells. Co-administration of TGF-β with a small molecule inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF (ICG-001), protected against kidney fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Collectively, our human, animal and in vitro findings suggest β-catenin/Foxo as a therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree Rao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Min Pang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Titi Chen
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matloob Khushi
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of IT, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoff Zhang
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Vincent W Lee
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David C Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Breda PC, Wiech T, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Grahammer F, Huber T, Panzer U, Tiegs G, Neumann K. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells exert immunomodulatory function by driving inflammatory CD4 + T cell responses. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F77-F89. [PMID: 31017008 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00427.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In immune-mediated glomerular diseases like crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN), inflammatory CD4+ T cells accumulate within the tubulointerstitial compartment in close contact to proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells and drive renal inflammation and tissue damage. However, whether renal epithelial cell populations play a role in the pathogenesis of cGN by modulating CD4+ T cell responses is less clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of renal epithelial cells to function as antigen-presenting cells, thereby stimulating CD4+ T cell responses. Using a FACS-based protocol that allowed comparative analysis of cortical epithelial cell populations, we showed that particularly proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) express molecules linked with antigen-presenting cell function, including major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), CD74, CD80, and CD86 in homeostasis and nephrotoxic nephritis, a murine model of cGN. Protein expression was visualized at the PTEC single cell level by imaging flow cytometry. Interestingly, we found inflammation-dependent regulation of epithelium-expressed CD74, CD80, and CD86, whereas MHCII expression was not altered. Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells by PTECs in vitro supported CD4+ T cell survival and induced CD4+ T cell activation, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine production. In patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis, MHCII and CD74 were expressed by both proximal and distal tubules, whereas CD86 was predominantly expressed by proximal tubules. Thus, particularly PTECs have the potential to induce an inflammatory phenotype in CD4+ T cells in vitro, which might also play a role in the pathology of immune-mediated kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Christophe Breda
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Florian Grahammer
- III, Medical Clinic University Hospital Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Tobias Huber
- III, Medical Clinic University Hospital Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III, Medical Clinic University Hospital Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakatani Y, Kawakami H, Ichikawa M, Yamamoto S, Otsuka Y, Mashiko A, Takashima Y, Ito A, Nakagawa K, Arima S. Nivolumab-induced acute granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis in a patient with gastric cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:726-731. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Hotta K, Aoyama A, Oura T, Yamada Y, Tonsho M, Huh KH, Kawai K, Schoenfeld D, Allan JS, Madsen JC, Benichou G, Smith RN, Colvin RB, Sachs DH, Cosimi AB, Kawai T. Induced regulatory T cells in allograft tolerance via transient mixed chimerism. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27446989 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful induction of allograft tolerance has been achieved in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and humans via induction of transient hematopoietic chimerism. Since allograft tolerance was achieved in these recipients without durable chimerism, peripheral mechanisms are postulated to play a major role. Here, we report our studies of T cell immunity in NHP recipients that achieved long-term tolerance versus those that rejected the allograft (AR). All kidney, heart, and lung transplant recipients underwent simultaneous or delayed donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) following conditioning with a nonmyeloablative regimen. After DBMT, mixed lymphocyte culture with CFSE consistently revealed donor-specific loss of CD8+ T cell responses in tolerant (TOL) recipients, while marked CD4+ T cell proliferation in response to donor antigens was found to persist. Interestingly, a significant proportion of the proliferated CD4+ cells were FOXP3+ in TOL recipients, but not in AR or naive NHPs. In TOL recipients, CD4+FOXP3+ cell proliferation against donor antigens was greater than that observed against third-party antigens. Finally, the expanded Tregs appeared to be induced Tregs (iTregs) that were converted from non-Tregs. These data provide support for the hypothesis that specific induction of iTregs by donor antigens is key to long-term allograft tolerance induced by transient mixed chimerism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akihiro Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tetsu Oura
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yohei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Makoto Tonsho
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kento Kawai
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James S Allan
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilles Benichou
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rex-Neal Smith
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert B Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Benedict Cosimi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kraus AK, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Ravens I, Gaspert A, Cippà PE, Mueller S, Wuthrich RP, Segerer S, Bernhardt G, Fehr T. The Role of T Cell Costimulation via DNAM-1 in Kidney Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147951. [PMID: 26840537 PMCID: PMC4739582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAX accessory protein-1 (DNAM-1, CD226) is a co-stimulatory and adhesion molecule expressed mainly by natural killer cells and T cells. DNAM-1 and its two ligands CD112 and CD155 are important in graft-versus-host disease, but their role in solid organ transplantation is largely unknown. We investigated the relevance of this pathway in a mouse kidney transplantation model. CD112 and CD155 are constitutively expressed on renal tubular cells and strongly upregulated in acutely rejected renal allografts. In vitro DNAM-1 blockade during allogeneic priming reduced the allospecific T cell response but not the allospecific cytotoxicity against renal tubular epithelial cells. Accordingly, absence of DNAM-1 in recipient mice or absence of CD112 or CD155 in the kidney allograft did not significantly influence renal function and severity of rejection after transplantation, but led to a higher incidence of infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient kidney allografts. Thus, DNAM-1 blockade is not effective in preventing transplant rejection. Despite of being highly expressed, CD112 and CD155 do not appear to play a major immunogenic role in kidney transplantation. Considering the high incidence of renal infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient grafts, blocking these molecules might be detrimental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kraus
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Wuthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Fehr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hattori Y, Kim H, Tsuboi N, Yamamoto A, Akiyama S, Shi Y, Katsuno T, Kosugi T, Ueda M, Matsuo S, Maruyama S. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth in Models of Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140121. [PMID: 26509261 PMCID: PMC4625005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition associated with high mortality. However, the available treatments for AKI are limited. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have recently gained attention as a novel source of stem cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether SHED have a therapeutic effect on AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The left renal artery and vein of the mice were clamped for 20 min to induce ischemia. SHED, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) were administered into the subrenal capsule. To confirm the potency of SHED in vitro, H2O2 stimulation assays and scratch assays were performed. Results The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of the SHED group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while BMMSC showed no therapeutic effect. Infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the kidney was significantly attenuated in mice treated with SHED. Cytokine levels (MIP-2, IL-1β, and MCP-1) in mice kidneys were significantly reduced in the SHED group. In in vitro experiments, SHED significantly decreased MCP-1 secretion in tubular epithelial cells (TEC) stimulated with H2O2. In addition, SHED promoted wound healing in the scratch assays, which was blunted by anti-HGF antibodies. Discussion SHED attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved kidney function in AKI induced by IRI. SHED secreted factors reduced MCP-1 and increased HGF expression, which promoted wound healing. These results suggest that SHED might provide a novel stem cell resource, which can be applied for the treatment of ischemic kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hattori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Akiyama
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mulongo M, Frey J, Smith K, Schnier C, Wesonga H, Naessens J, McKeever D. Vaccination of cattle with the N terminus of LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides results in type III immune complex disease upon experimental infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1992-2000. [PMID: 25733516 PMCID: PMC4399042 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00003-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a serious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. Current vaccines against CBPP induce short-lived immunity and can cause severe postvaccine reactions. Previous studies have identified the N terminus of the transmembrane lipoprotein Q (LppQ-N') of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides as the major antigen and a possible virulence factor. We therefore immunized cattle with purified recombinant LppQ-N' formulated in Freund's adjuvant and challenged them with M. mycoides subsp. mycoides. Vaccinated animals showed a strong seroconversion to LppQ, but they exhibited significantly enhanced postchallenge glomerulonephritis compared to the placebo group (P = 0.021). Glomerulonephritis was characterized by features that suggested the development of antigen-antibody immune complexes. Clinical signs and gross pathological scores did not significantly differ between vaccinated and placebo groups. These findings reveal for the first time the pathogenesis of enhanced disease as a result of antibodies against LppQ during challenge and also argue against inclusion of LppQ-N' in a future subunit vaccine for CBPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Mulongo
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Frey
- Department of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Ken Smith
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnier
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hezron Wesonga
- National Veterinary Research Center, Muguga, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Jan Naessens
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Declan McKeever
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Demmers MWHJ, Korevaar SS, Roemeling-van Rhijn M, van den Bosch TPP, Hoogduijn MJ, Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Baan CC, Rowshani AT. Human renal tubular epithelial cells suppress alloreactive T cell proliferation. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:509-19. [PMID: 25310899 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are one of the main targets of alloreactive T cells during acute rejection. We hypothesize that TECs modulate the outcome of alloimmunity by executing immunosuppressive effects in order to dampen the local inflammation. We studied whether TECs possess immunosuppressive capacities and if indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) might play a role in suppressing T cell alloreactivity. Next, we studied the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 with regard to TEC-related immunomodulatory effects. CD3/CD28 and alloactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with activated TECs. We analysed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation and apoptosis in the absence or presence of IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-L-MT), anti-PD-L1 and anti-ICAM-1. Further, we examined whether inhibition of T cell proliferation was cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that TECs dose-dependently inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation (P<0.05). Activated TECs showed significantly increased IDO activity and up-regulated PD-L1 and ICAM-1 expression. Suppressed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation was only partially restored or failed to restore using 1-L-MT. Activated TECs increased early and late apoptosis of proliferating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis was statistically affected by 1-L-MT. Transwell experiments revealed that TEC-mediated immunosuppression is cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that anti-ICAM-1 affected only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis and not T cell proliferation. Our data show that TECs suppress both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation contact dependently. Interestingly, inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis of T cell subsets is differentially regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and ICAM-1, with no evidence for the involvement of PD-L1 in our system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W H J Demmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stroo I, Claessen N, Teske GJD, Butter LM, Florquin S, Leemans JC. Deficiency for the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 aggravates tubular damage after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123203. [PMID: 25875776 PMCID: PMC4395234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal expression of chemokines is a crucial factor in the regulation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and repair. Beside their role in the migration and activation of inflammatory cells to sites of injury, chemokines are also involved in other processes such as angiogenesis, development and migration of stem cells. In the present study we investigated the role of the chemokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or CCL2), the main chemoattractant for monocytes, during renal I/R injury. MCP-1 expression peaks several days after inducing renal I/R injury coinciding with macrophage accumulation. However, MCP-1 deficient mice had a significant decreased survival and increased renal damage within the first two days, i.e. the acute inflammatory response, after renal I/R injury with no evidence of altered macrophage accumulation. Kidneys and primary tubular epithelial cells from MCP-1 deficient mice showed increased apoptosis after ischemia. Taken together, MCP-1 protects the kidney during the acute inflammatory response following renal I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendoline J. D. Teske
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M. Butter
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C. Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Telomerase deficiency delays renal recovery in mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury by impairing autophagy. Kidney Int 2015; 88:85-94. [PMID: 25760322 PMCID: PMC4490111 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aged population suffers increased morbidity and higher mortality in response to episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Aging is associated with telomere shortening, and both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TerT) and RNA (TerC) are essential to maintain telomere length. To define a role of telomerase deficiency in susceptibility to AKI, we used ischemia/reperfusion injury in wild type mice or mice with either TerC or TerT deletion. Injury induced similar renal impairment at day 1 in each genotype, as assessed by azotemia, proteinuria, acute tubular injury score and apoptotic tubular epithelial cell index. However, either TerC or TerT knockout significantly delayed recovery compared to wild type mice. Electron microscopy showed increased autophagosome formation in renal tubular epithelial cells in wild type mice but a significant delay of their development in TerC and TerT knockout mice. There were also impeded increases in the expression of the autophagosome marker LC3 II, prolonged accumulation of the autophagosome protein P62, an increase of the cell cycle regulator p16, and greater activation of the mTOR pathway. The mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, partially restored the ischemia/reperfusion-induced autophagy response, without a significant effect on either p16 induction or tubule epithelial cell proliferation. Thus, muting the maintenance of normal telomere length in mice impaired recovery from AKI, due to an increase in tubule cell senescence and impairment of mTOR-mediated autophagy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Natural Killer Cells Play a Critical Role in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner. Transplantation 2014; 98:1029-39. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Hato T, Dagher PC. How the Innate Immune System Senses Trouble and Causes Trouble. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 10:1459-69. [PMID: 25414319 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04680514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to nonself and danger signals from microbial invasion or tissue injury. It is increasingly recognized that each organ uses unique sets of cells and molecules that orchestrate regional innate immunity. The cells that execute the task of innate immunity are many and consist of not only "professional" immune cells but also nonimmune cells, such as renal epithelial cells. Despite a high level of sophistication, deregulated innate immunity is common and contributes to a wide range of renal diseases, such as sepsis-induced kidney injury, GN, and allograft dysfunction. This review discusses how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to nonself and danger signals. In particular, the roles of renal epithelial cells that make them an integral part of the innate immune apparatus of the kidney are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is common, dangerous and costly, affecting around one in five patients emergency admissions to hospital. Although survival decreases as disease worsens, it is now apparent that even modest degrees of dysfunction are not only associated with higher mortality but are an independent risk factor for death. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury secondary to ischaemia - its commonest aetiology. The haemodynamic disturbances, endothelial injury, epithelial cell injury and immunological mechanisms underpinning its initiation and extension will be discussed along with the considerable and complex interplay between these factors that lead to an intense, pro-inflammatory state. Mechanisms of tubular recovery will be discussed but also the pathophysiology of abnormal repair with its direct consequences for long-term renal function. Finally, the concept of 'organ cross-talk' will be introduced as a potential explanation for the higher mortality observed with acute kidney injury that might be deemed modest in conventional biochemical terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pavlosky A, Lau A, Su Y, Lian D, Huang X, Yin Z, Haig A, Jevnikar AM, Zhang ZX. RIPK3-mediated necroptosis regulates cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1778-90. [PMID: 24984764 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell death results in tissue damage and ultimately donor graft rejection and can occur as an active molecular process through apoptotic, necrotic and newly identified receptor interacting protein 1 and 3 kinase (RIPK1/3)-mediated necroptotic pathways. Necroptosis leads to the release of inflammatory molecules which can activate host immune cells. This pathway has yet to be studied in heart transplantation. We have found that necroptosis was induced in murine cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) under anti-apoptotic condition following tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment. Necroptotic cell death and release of the danger molecule high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were inhibited by the RIPK1 inhibiting molecule necrostatin-1 and by genetic deletion of RIPK3. In addition, tissue necrosis, release of HMGB1 and graft cell infiltrate were attenuated in RIPK3 null heart allografts following transplantation. Finally, a brief sirolimus treatment markedly prolonged RIPK3 null cardiac allograft survival in allogeneic BALB/c recipients as compared to WT C57BL/6 donor grafts (95 ± 5.8 vs. 24 ± 2.6 days, p < 0.05). This study has demonstrated that RIPK1/3 contributes to MVEC death and cardiac allograft survival through necroptotic death and the release of danger molecules. Our results suggest that targeting RIPK-mediated necroptosis may be an important therapeutic strategy in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pavlosky
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buffington DA, Westover AJ, Johnston KA, Humes HD. The bioartificial kidney. Transl Res 2014; 163:342-51. [PMID: 24269374 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal failure has an exceedingly high mortality rate despite advances in dialysis technology. Current renal replacement therapies (RRTs) restore only the filtration function of the kidney. Replacing the critical transport, metabolic, and endocrine functions of the kidney may provide more complete RRT, changing the natural history of these disease processes. Primary human renal epithelial cells (RECs) have been isolated and expanded under conditions that enhance propagation, resulting in maximum cell yield for use in bioengineered applications. These RECs demonstrate differentiated absorptive, metabolic, and endocrine functions of the kidney when tested under in vitro and preclinical ex vivo animal studies. When incorporated into bioengineered systems, RECs have proved to provide effective RRTs in both preclinical and clinical studies. These engineered "bioartificial kidneys" demonstrate metabolic activity with systemic effects and improvement of survival in patients with acute kidney injury and multiorgan failure. Results also indicate REC therapy influences systemic leukocyte activation and the balance of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that this REC therapy may improve morbidity and mortality by altering the proinflammatory state of patients. This innovative approach for treating renal and inflammatory disease states may become a groundbreaking, transformative platform to current standard-of-care therapies, enabling the advancement of numerous lifesaving technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harvey David Humes
- Innovative Biotherapies, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chung H, Ramachandran R, Hollenberg MD, Muruve DA. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-β receptor signaling pathways contributes to renal fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:37319-31. [PMID: 24253040 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the population. During renal injury, kidney-localized proteinases can signal by cleaving and activating proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor involved in inflammation and fibrosis that is highly expressed in renal tubular cells. Following unilateral ureteric obstruction, PAR2-deficient mice displayed reduced renal tubular injury, fibrosis, collagen synthesis, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and α-smooth muscle actin gene expression at 7 days, compared with wild-type controls. In human proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro, PAR2 stimulation with PAR2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP) alone significantly up-regulated the expression of CTGF, a potent profibrotic cytokine. The induction of CTGF by PAR2-AP was synergistically increased when combined with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Consistent with these findings, treating human proximal tubular epithelial cells with PAR2-AP induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. The Smad2 phosphorylation and CTGF induction required signaling via both the TGFβ-receptor and EGF receptor suggesting that PAR2 utilizes transactivation mechanisms to initiate fibrogenic signaling. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that PAR2 synergizes with the TGFβ signaling pathway to contribute to renal injury and fibrosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Taubitz A, Schwarz M, Eltrich N, Lindenmeyer MT, Vielhauer V. Distinct contributions of TNF receptor 1 and 2 to TNF-induced glomerular inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68167. [PMID: 23869211 PMCID: PMC3711912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is an important mediator of glomerulonephritis. The two TNF-receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 contribute differently to glomerular inflammation in vivo, but specific mechanisms of TNFR-mediated inflammatory responses in glomeruli are unknown. We investigated their expression and function in murine kidneys, isolated glomeruli ex vivo, and glomerular cells in vitro. In normal kidney TNFR1 and TNFR2 were preferentially expressed in glomeruli. Expression of both TNFRs and TNF-induced upregulation of TNFR2 mRNA was confirmed in murine glomerular endothelial and mesangial cell lines. In vivo, TNF exposure rapidly induced glomerular accumulation of leukocytes. To examine TNFR-specific inflammatory responses in intrinsic glomerular cells but not infiltrating leukocytes we performed microarray gene expression profiling on intact glomeruli isolated from wildtype and Tnfr-deficient mice following exposure to soluble TNF ex vivo. Most TNF-induced effects were exclusively mediated by TNFR1, including induced glomerular expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, complement factors and pro-apoptotic molecules. However, TNFR2 contributed to TNFR1-dependent mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in glomeruli when exposed to low TNF concentrations. Chemokine secretion was absent in TNF-stimulated Tnfr1-deficient glomeruli, but also significantly decreased in glomeruli lacking TNFR2. In vivo, TNF-induced glomerular leukocyte infiltration was abrogated in Tnfr1-deficient mice, whereas Tnfr2-deficiency decreased mononuclear phagocytes infiltrates, but not neutrophils. These data demonstrate that activation of intrinsic glomerular cells by soluble TNF requires TNFR1, whereas TNFR2 is not essential, but augments TNFR1-dependent effects. Previously described TNFR2-dependent glomerular inflammation may therefore require TNFR2 activation by membrane-bound, but not soluble TNF.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Leukocytes/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factors/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anela Taubitz
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Vielhauer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ramseyer VD, Garvin JL. Tumor necrosis factor-α: regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1231-42. [PMID: 23515717 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00557.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that becomes elevated in chronic inflammatory states such as hypertension and diabetes and has been found to mediate both increases and decreases in blood pressure. High levels of TNF-α decrease blood pressure, whereas moderate increases in TNF-α have been associated with increased NaCl retention and hypertension. The explanation for these disparate effects is not clear but could simply be due to different concentrations of TNF-α within the kidney, the physiological status of the subject, or the type of stimulus initiating the inflammatory response. TNF-α alters renal hemodynamics and nephron transport, affecting both activity and expression of transporters. It also mediates organ damage by stimulating immune cell infiltration and cell death. Here we will summarize the available findings and attempt to provide plausible explanations for such discrepancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kamiura N, Hirahashi J, Matsuzaki Y, Idei M, Takase O, Fujita T, Takato T, Hishikawa K. Basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor MyoR regulates BMP-7 in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1159-66. [PMID: 23515721 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00510.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MyoR was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor in embryonic skeletal muscle precursors, but its function in adult kidney has not been clarified. In this study, we tried to clarify the functional role of MyoR using MyoR(-/-) mice. Cisplatin induced a significantly higher degree of severe renal dysfunction, tubular injury, and mortality in MyoR(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. The injection of cisplatin significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in the kidney tissues of MyoR(-/-) mice, compared with that in wild-type mice. To clarify the mechanism of severe cisplatin-induced damage and apoptosis in MyoR(-/-) mice, we focused on the p53 signaling pathway and bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7). Treatment with cisplatin significantly activated p53 signaling in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in both wild-type and MyoR(-/-) mice, but no significant difference between the groups was observed. The injection of cisplatin significantly increased the expression of BMP-7 in the kidney tissues of wild-type mice, but no increase was observed in the MyoR(-/-) mice. Treatment with cisplatin significantly increased the expression of BMP-7 in cultured RTECs from wild-type mice but not in those from MyoR(-/-) mice. Moreover, treatment with recombinant BMP-7 rescued the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in RTECs from MyoR(-/-) mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate a new protective role of MyoR in adult kidneys that acts through the regulation of BMP-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Kamiura
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hato T, El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC. Sisters in arms: myeloid and tubular epithelial cells shape renal innate immunity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1243-51. [PMID: 23515715 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00101.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of innate immunity for survival is underscored by its presence at almost every level of the evolutionary tree of life. The task of "danger" recognition by the innate immune system is carried out by a broad class of pattern recognition receptors. These receptors are expressed in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells such as renal epithelial cells. Upon activation, pattern recognition receptors induce essentially two types of defensive responses: inflammation and phagocytosis. In this review, we highlight evidence that renal epithelial cells are endowed with such defensive capabilities and as such fully participate in renal innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kraus AK, Cippá PE, Gaspert A, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Wüthrich RP, Lindenmeyer M, Segerer S, Fehr T. Absence of donor CD40 protects renal allograft epithelium and preserves renal function. Transpl Int 2013; 26:535-44. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariana Gaspert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
The toll interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) 8/single Ig domain IL-1R-related molecule modulates the renal response to bacterial infection. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3812-20. [PMID: 22890991 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00422-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our immune system has to constantly strike a balance between activation and inhibition of an inflammatory response to combat invading pathogens and avoid inflammation-induced collateral tissue damage. Toll interleukin-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R-8)/single Ig domain IL-1R-related molecule (TIR8/SIGIRR) is an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1R signaling, which is predominantly expressed in the kidney. The biological role of renal TIR8 during infection is, however, unknown. We therefore evaluated renal TIR8 expression during Escherichia coli pyelonephritis and explored its role in host defense using TIR8(-/-) versus TIR8(+/+) mice. We found that TIR8 protein is abundantly present in the majority of cortical tubular epithelial cells. Pyelonephritis resulted in a significant downregulation of TIR8 mRNA in kidneys of TIR8(+/+) mice. TIR8 inhibited an effective host response against E. coli, as indicated by diminished renal bacterial outgrowth and dysfunction in TIR8(-/-) mice. This correlated with increased amounts of circulating and intrarenal neutrophils at the early phase of infection. TIR8(-/-) tubular epithelial cells had increased cytokine/chemokine production when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or heat-killed E. coli, suggesting that TIR8 played an anti-inflammatory role during pathogen stimulation by inhibiting LPS signaling. These data suggest that TIR8 is an important negative regulator of an LPS-mediated inflammatory response in tubular epithelial cells and dampens an effective antibacterial host response during pyelonephritis caused by uropathogenic E. coli.
Collapse
|
32
|
Acute cellular rejection in intra-abdominal solid organ allografts – immunology under the light microscope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
33
|
Westover AJ, Buffington DA, Humes HD. Enhanced propagation of adult human renal epithelial progenitor cells to improve cell sourcing for tissue-engineered therapeutic devices for renal diseases. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6:589-97. [PMID: 22674876 DOI: 10.1002/term.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell therapy employing cells derived from adult renal epithelial cell (REC) progenitors promises to reduce the morbidity of patients with renal insufficiency due to acute renal failure and end stage renal disease. To this end, tissue engineered devices addressing the neglected biologic component of renal replacement therapy are being developed. Because human donor tissue is limited, novel enhanced progenitor cell propagation (EP) techniques have been developed and applied to adult human kidney transplant discards from six donors. Changes include more efficient digestion and the amplification of progenitors prior to terminal epithelial differentiation promoted by contact inhibition and the addition of retinoic acid. Differentiated morphology in EP populations was demonstrated by the ability to form polarized epithelium with tight junctions, apical central cilia and expression of brush border membrane enzymes. Evaluation of lipopolysaccharide stimulated interleukin-8 secretion and γ-glutamyl transpeptisade activity in EP derived cells was used to confirm therapeutic equivalence to REC obtained using published techniques, which have previously shown efficacy in large animal models and clinical trials. Yield exceeded 10(16) cells/gram cortex from the only kidney obtained due to an anatomical defect, while the average yield from diseased kidneys ranged from 1.1 × 10(9) to 8.8 × 10(11) cells/gram cortex, representing an increase of more than 10 doublings over standard methods. Application of the EP protocol to REC expansion has solved the problem of cell sourcing as the limiting factor to the manufacture of cell based therapies targeting renal diseases and may provide a method for autologous device fabrication from core kidney biopsies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Iwata Y, Boström EA, Menke J, Rabacal WA, Morel L, Wada T, Kelley VR. Aberrant macrophages mediate defective kidney repair that triggers nephritis in lupus-susceptible mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4568-80. [PMID: 22467656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CSF-1, required for macrophage (Mø) survival, proliferation, and activation, is upregulated in the tubular epithelial cells (TECs) during kidney inflammation. CSF-1 mediates Mø-dependent destruction in lupus-susceptible mice with nephritis and, paradoxically, Mø-dependent renal repair in lupus-resistant mice after transient ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). We now report that I/R leads to defective renal repair, nonresolving inflammation, and, in turn, early-onset lupus nephritis in preclinical MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/Fas(lpr) mice (MRL-Fas(lpr) mice). Moreover, defective renal repair is not unique to MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, as flawed healing is a feature of other lupus-susceptible mice (Sle 123) and MRL mice without the Fas(lpr) mutation. Increasing CSF-1 hastens renal healing after I/R in lupus-resistant mice but hinders healing, exacerbates nonresolving inflammation, and triggers more severe early-onset lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Probing further, the time-related balance of M1 "destroyer" Mø shifts toward the M2 "healer" phenotype in lupus-resistant mice after I/R, but M1 Mø continue to dominate in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Moreover, hypoxic TECs release mediators, including CSF-1, that are responsible for stimulating the expansion of M1 Mø inherently poised to destroy the kidney in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. In conclusion, I/R induces CSF-1 in injured TECs that expands aberrant Mø (M1 phenotype), mediating defective renal repair and nonresolving inflammation, and thereby hastens the onset of lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iwata
- Laboratory of Molecular Autoimmune Disease, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
TING YITIAN, COATES PTOBY, WALKER ROBERTJ, MCLELLAN ALEXANDERD. Urinary tubular biomarkers as potential early predictors of renal allograft rejection. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 17:11-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
36
|
Preconditioning with physiological levels of ethanol protect kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating oxidative stress. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25811. [PMID: 22022451 PMCID: PMC3192120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The purpose of current study is to demonstrate the effect of antecedent ethanol exposure on IR-induced renal injury by modulation of oxidative stress. Materials and Methods Bilateral renal warm IR was induced in male C57BL/6 mice after ethanol or saline administration. Blood ethanol concentration, kidney function, histological damage, inflammatory infiltration, cytokine production, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity were assessed to evaluate the impact of antecedent ethanol exposure on IR-induced renal injury. Results After bilateral kidney ischemia, mice preconditioned with physiological levels of ethanol displayed significantly preserved renal function along with less histological tubular damage as manifested by the reduced inflammatory infiltration and cytokine production. Mechanistic studies revealed that precondition of mice with physiological levels of ethanol 3 h before IR induction enhanced antioxidant capacity characterized by significantly higher superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities. Our studies further demonstrated that ethanol pretreatment specifically increased ALDH2 activity, which then suppressed lipid peroxidation by promoting the detoxification of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Conclusions Our results provide first line of evidence indicating that antecedent ethanol exposure can provide protection for kidneys against IR-induced injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and preventing lipid peroxidation. Therefore, ethanol precondition and ectopic ALDH2 activation could be potential therapeutic approaches to prevent renal IR injury relevant to various clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Lian M, Hewitson TD, Wigg B, Samuel CS, Chow F, Becker GJ. Long-term mineralocorticoid receptor blockade ameliorates progression of experimental diabetic renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:906-12. [PMID: 21908416 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The final end point of diabetic renal disease is the accumulation of excess collagen. A number of studies have shown that aldosterone antagonism ameliorates progression of renal fibrosis. This study was designed to examine the effect of the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker eplerenone (EPL) on progression in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an accelerated model of Type I diabetes. STZ-treated SHRs with a blood glucose >18 mmol/L were randomly divided into treatment (100 mg/kg/day EPL) and non-treatment groups. Sham-injected SHR animals were used as a control. Functional parameters were monitored for 16 weeks, with structural parameters assessed at completion. Both hyperglycaemic groups developed progressive albuminuria, but the increase was ameliorated by EPL from Week 12. STZ-SHRs had elevated kidney weight/body weight ratio, glomerular size, glomerular macrophages (ED-1-positive cells), tissue transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) concentrations and glomerular collagen IV staining (all P < 0.05 versus control animals). EPL reduced glomerular volume, TGFβ1 expression and glomerular collagen IV without changing glomerular macrophage infiltration. The ability of EPL to ameliorate these functional and structural changes in hyperglycaemic SHRs suggest that EPL has a renoprotective role in diabetic renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lian
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kuiper JW, Vaschetto R, Della Corte F, Plötz FB, Groeneveld ABJ. Bench-to-bedside review: Ventilation-induced renal injury through systemic mediator release--just theory or a causal relationship? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:228. [PMID: 21884646 PMCID: PMC3387589 DOI: 10.1186/cc10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We review the current literature on the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury induced by plasma mediators released by mechanical ventilation. A comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database was performed and articles were identified that showed increased plasma levels of mediators where the increase was solely attributable to mechanical ventilation. A subsequent search revealed articles delineating the potential effects of each mediator on the kidney or kidney cells. Limited research has focused specifically on the relationship between mechanical ventilation and acute kidney injury. Only a limited number of plasma mediators has been implicated in mechanical ventilation-associated acute kidney injury. The number of mediators released during mechanical ventilation is far greater and includes pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, but also mediators involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, cell adhesion, apoptosis and cell growth. The potential effects of these mediators is pleiotropic and include effects on inflammation, cell recruitment, adhesion and infiltration, apoptosis and necrosis, vasoactivity, cell proliferation, coagulation and fibrinolysis, transporter regulation, lipid metabolism and cell signaling. Most research has focused on inflammatory and chemotactic mediators. There is a great disparity of knowledge of potential effects on the kidney between different mediators. From a theoretical point of view, the systemic release of several mediators induced by mechanical ventilation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. However, evidence supporting a causal relationship is lacking for the studied mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Kuiper
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, VUmc Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen GE, Wu H, Ma J, Chadban SJ, Sharland A. Toll-like receptor 4 engagement contributes to expression of NKG2D ligands by renal tubular epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:3873-81. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
41
|
Wang S, Zhang ZX, Yin Z, Liu W, Garcia B, Huang X, Acott P, Jevnikar AM. Anti-IL-2 receptor antibody decreases cytokine-induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2144-53. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
Wu H, Ma J, Wang P, Corpuz TM, Panchapakesan U, Wyburn KR, Chadban SJ. HMGB1 contributes to kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1878-90. [PMID: 20847143 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear factor released extracellularly as an inflammatory cytokine, is an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 activation mediates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but whether HMGB1 contributes to IRI is unknown. Here, treating wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody protected them against kidney IRI, evidenced by lower serum creatinine and less tubular damage than untreated mice. Mice treated with anti-HMGB1 had significantly less tubulointerstitial infiltration by neutrophils (day 1) and macrophages (day 5) and markedly reduced apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, anti-HMGB1 antibody-treated IRI kidneys had significantly lower levels of IL-6, TNFα, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). mRNA, which are downstream of HMGB1. Conversely, administration of rHMGB1 after reperfusion exacerbated kidney IRI in wild-type mice. TLR4 deficient (TLR4(-/-)) mice were protected against kidney IRI; administration of neither anti-HMGB1 antibody nor rHMGB1 affected this renoprotection. In conclusion, endogenous HMGB1 promotes kidney damage after IRI, possibly through the TLR4 pathway. Administration of a neutralizing antibody to HMGB1 either before or soon after ischemia-reperfusion affords significant protection, suggesting therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wu
- Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tasnim F, Deng R, Hu M, Liour S, Li Y, Ni M, Ying JY, Zink D. Achievements and challenges in bioartificial kidney development. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2010; 3:14. [PMID: 20698955 PMCID: PMC2925816 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioartificial kidneys (BAKs) combine a conventional hemofilter in series with a bioreactor unit containing renal epithelial cells. The epithelial cells derived from the renal tubule should provide transport, metabolic, endocrinologic and immunomodulatory functions. Currently, primary human renal proximal tubule cells are most relevant for clinical applications. However, the use of human primary cells is associated with many obstacles, and the development of alternatives and an unlimited cell source is one of the most urgent challenges. BAKs have been applied in Phase I/II and Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Significant effects on cytokine concentrations and long-term survival were observed. A subsequent Phase IIb clinical trial was discontinued after an interim analysis, and these results showed that further intense research on BAK-based therapies for acute renal failure was required. Development of BAK-based therapies for the treatment of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease is even more challenging, and related problems and research approaches are discussed herein, along with the development of mobile, portable, wearable and implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Tasnim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Identification of a microRNA signature of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14339-44. [PMID: 20651252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912701107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating gene expression, we examined expression profiles of miRNAs following renal IRI. Global miRNA expression profiling on samples prepared from the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice that underwent unilateral warm ischemia revealed nine miRNAs (miR-21, miR-20a, miR-146a, miR-199a-3p, miR-214, miR-192, miR-187, miR-805, and miR-194) that are differentially expressed following IRI when compared with sham controls. These miRNAs were also differently expressed following IRI in immunodeficient RAG-2/common gamma-chain double-knockout mice, suggesting that the changes in expression observed are not significantly influenced by lymphocyte infiltration and therefore define a lymphocyte-independent signature of renal IRI. In vitro studies revealed that miR-21 is expressed in proliferating tubular epithelial cells (TEC) and up-regulated by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms resulting from ischemia and TGF-beta signaling, respectively. In vitro, knockdown of miR-21 in TEC resulted in increased cell death, whereas overexpression prevented cell death. However, overexpression of miR-21 alone was not sufficient to prevent TEC death following ischemia. Our findings therefore define a molecular fingerprint of renal injury and suggest miR-21 may play a role in protecting TEC from death.
Collapse
|
45
|
Starke A, Lindenmeyer MT, Segerer S, Neusser MA, Rüsi B, Schmid DM, Cohen CD, Wüthrich RP, Fehr T, Waeckerle-Men Y. Renal tubular PD-L1 (CD274) suppresses alloreactive human T-cell responses. Kidney Int 2010; 78:38-47. [PMID: 20393451 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, a target of infiltrating T cells during renal allograft rejection, may be protected from this injury by the cell surface protein CD274 (also termed PD-L1 for programmed death ligand 1). The co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 (CD274) and PD-L2 (CD273) are ligands of PD-1 (programmed death 1; CD279). Here we determine the functional role of PD-1/PD-L pathways in human renal allograft rejection. Treatment of human primary tubular epithelial cells with interferon-beta and -gamma caused a dose-dependent and synergistic increase of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Blockade of surface PD-L1, but not PD-L2, on interferon-treated tubular epithelial cells resulted in a significant increase in CD4+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 mRNA and protein was upregulated in biopsies of patients with renal allograft rejection compared to the respective levels found in the pre-transplant biopsies. Induction of PD-L1 was significantly associated with acute vascular rejection. Our study suggests that the renal epithelial PD-1/PD-L1 pathway exerts an inhibitory effect of on alloreactive T-cell responses. The upregulation of PD-L1 on proximal tubular epithelial cells in patients with acute allograft rejection may reduce T-cell-mediated injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Starke
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, and Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Menke J, Iwata Y, Rabacal WA, Basu R, Yeung YG, Humphreys BD, Wada T, Schwarting A, Stanley ER, Kelley VR. CSF-1 signals directly to renal tubular epithelial cells to mediate repair in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2330-42. [PMID: 19587445 DOI: 10.1172/jci39087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubular damage following ischemic renal injury is often reversible, and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) proliferation is a hallmark of tubular repair. Macrophages have been implicated in tissue repair, and CSF-1, the principal macrophage growth factor, is expressed by TECs. We therefore tested the hypothesis that CSF-1 is central to tubular repair using an acute renal injury and repair model, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Mice injected with CSF-1 following I/R exhibited hastened healing, as evidenced by decreased tubular pathology, reduced fibrosis, and improved renal function. Notably, CSF-1 treatment increased TEC proliferation and reduced TEC apoptosis. Moreover, administration of a CSF-1 receptor-specific (CSF-1R-specific) antibody after I/R increased tubular pathology and fibrosis, suppressed TEC proliferation, and heightened TEC apoptosis. To determine the contribution of macrophages to CSF-1-dependent renal repair, we assessed the effect of CSF-1 on I/R in mice in which CD11b+ cells were genetically ablated and determined that macrophages only partially accounted for CSF-1-dependent tubular repair. We found that TECs expressed the CSF-1R and that this receptor was upregulated and coexpressed with CSF-1 in TECs following renal injury in mice and humans. Furthermore, signaling via the CSF-1R stimulated proliferation and reduced apoptosis in human and mouse TECs. Taken together, these data suggest that CSF-1 mediates renal repair by both a macrophage-dependent mechanism and direct autocrine/paracrine action on TECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menke
- Laboratory of Molecular Autoimmune Disease, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Renal tubular epithelial cells as immunoregulatory cells in renal allograft rejection. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2009; 23:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
48
|
Arikan H, Koc M, Cakalagaoglu F, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Akoglu E. Histopathological changes and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and tenascin expression in patients with primary type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in remission. Nephrology (Carlton) 2009; 14:219-26. [PMID: 19298642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Primary type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare cause of glomerular disease with a high relapse rate and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was: (i) to evaluate the histopathological findings associated with remission; and (ii) to document the possible clinical and histopathological factors predicting relapses. METHODS Eleven type I MPGN patients (five men, six women; mean age, 38.8+/-13.5 years) who were in remission for at least 1 year after the cessation of immunosuppressive drugs were re-biopsied. The intensity of immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and tenascin was graded from 0 (no staining) to 3+ (maximum staining). RESULTS Mean baseline mesangial cellularity score and tubulointerstitial infiltration score were reduced and mesangial matrix expansion score was increased at protocol re-biopsies compared to baseline. The glomerular and tubulointerstitial staining scores for TGF-beta1 and tenascin were higher than that of baseline. Reduced tubulointerstitial TNF-alpha expression was found in re-biopsy specimens compared to baseline. Patients have been followed for a mean time of 51.5+/-22.2 months after the protocol biopsy. Eight patients had a relapse. Mesangial cellularity score and glomerular tenascin expression at re-biopsy specimens were higher in relapsed patients compared to those without a relapse. CONCLUSION Our study shows that mesangial cellularity and tubulointerstitial cell infiltration are reducing whereas mesangial matrix expansion, glomerular and tubulointerstitial TGF-beta1 and tenascin expression are increasing with remission. The higher mesangial cell proliferation and glomerular tenascin scores in remission are associated with the development of relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Arikan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Marmara Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ernandez T, Mayadas TN. Immunoregulatory role of TNFalpha in inflammatory kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2009; 76:262-76. [PMID: 19436333 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays important inflammatory roles in renal diseases such as lupus nephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis and renal allograft rejection. However, TNFalpha also plays critical immunoregulatory roles that are required to maintain immune homeostasis. These complex biological functions of TNFalpha are orchestrated by its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. For example, TNFR2 promotes leukocyte infiltration and tissue injury in an animal model of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, TNFR1 plays an immunoregulatory function in a murine lupus model with a deficiency in this receptor that leads to more severe autoimmune symptoms. In humans, proinflammatory and immunoregulatory roles for TNFalpha are strikingly illustrated in patients on anti-TNFalpha medications: These treatments are greatly beneficial in certain inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis but, on the other hand, are also associated with the induction of autoimmune lupus-like syndromes and enhanced autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis patients. The indication for anti-TNFalpha treatments in renal inflammatory diseases is still under discussion. Ongoing clinical trials may help to clarify the potential benefit of such treatments in lupus nephritis and ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Overall, the complex biology of TNFalpha is not fully understood. A greater understanding of the function of its receptors may provide a framework to understand its contrasting proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. This may lead the development of new, more specific anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ernandez
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Menke J, Hsu MY, Byrne KT, Lucas JA, Rabacal WA, Croker BP, Zong XH, Stanley ER, Kelley VR. Sunlight triggers cutaneous lupus through a CSF-1-dependent mechanism in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7367-79. [PMID: 18981160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight (UVB) triggers cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus through an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that UVB triggers CLE through a CSF-1-dependent, macrophage (Mø)-mediated mechanism in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. By constructing mutant MRL-Fas(lpr) strains expressing varying levels of CSF-1 (high, intermediate, none), and use of an ex vivo gene transfer to deliver CSF-1 intradermally, we determined that CSF-1 induces CLE in lupus-susceptible MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, but not in lupus-resistant BALB/c mice. UVB incites an increase in Møs, apoptosis in the skin, and CLE in MRL-Fas(lpr), but not in CSF-1-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Furthermore, UVB did not induce CLE in BALB/c mice. Probing further, UVB stimulates CSF-1 expression by keratinocytes leading to recruitment and activation of Møs that, in turn, release mediators, which induce apoptosis in keratinocytes. Thus, sunlight triggers a CSF-1-dependent, Mø-mediated destructive inflammation in the skin leading to CLE in lupus-susceptible MRL-Fas(lpr) but not lupus-resistant BALB/c mice. Taken together, CSF-1 is envisioned as the match and lupus susceptibility as the tinder leading to CLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menke
- Laboratory of Molecular Autoimmune Disease, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|