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Guo J, Le Y, Yuan A, Liu J, Chen H, Qiu J, Wang C, Dou X, Yuan X, Lu D. Astragaloside IV ameliorates cisplatin-induced liver injury by modulating ferroptosis-dependent pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118080. [PMID: 38521426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, in clinical practice can cause adverse effects in patients, such as liver injury, which limits their long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies or drugs to minimize cisplatin-induced liver injury. Huangqi, the root of Astragalus membranaceus, is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been employed in treating diverse liver injuries. Astragalus membranaceus contains several bioactive constituents, including triterpenoid saponins, one of which, astragaloside IV (ASIV), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress properties. However, its potential in ameliorating cisplatin-induced liver injury has not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism by which ASIV protects against cisplatin-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study established a model of cisplatin-induced liver injury in mice, followed by treatment with various doses of astragaloside IV (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg). In addition, a model of hepatocyte ferroptosis in AML-12 cells was established using RSL3. The mechanism of action of astragaloside IV was investigated using a range of methods, including Western blot assay, qPCR, immunofluorescence, histochemistry, molecular docking, and high-content imaging system. RESULTS The findings suggested a significant improvement in hepatic injury, inflammation and oxidative stress phenotypes with the administration of ASIV. Furthermore, network pharmacological analyses provided evidence that a major pathway for ASIV to attenuate cisplatin-induced hepatic injury entailed the cell death cascade pathway. It was observed that ASIV effectively inhibited ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Subsequent experimental outcomes provided further validation of ASIV's ability to hinder ferroptosis through the inhibition of PPARα/FSP1 signaling pathway. The current findings suggest that ASIV could function as a promising phytotherapy composition to alleviate cisplatin-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that astragaloside IV could function as a promising phytotherapy composition to alleviate cisplatin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Guo
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yifei Le
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aini Yuan
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Zhang B, Bu C, Wang Q, Chen Q, Shi D, Qiu H, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Chi L. Low molecular weight heparin promotes the PPAR pathway by protecting the glycocalyx of cells to delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107493. [PMID: 38925330 PMCID: PMC11301383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important comorbidities for diabetic patients, which is the main factor leading to end-stage renal disease. Heparin analogs can delay the progression of DN, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that low molecular weight heparin therapy significantly upregulated some downstream proteins of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway by label-free quantification of the mouse kidney proteome. Through cell model verification, low molecular weight heparin can protect the heparan sulfate of renal tubular epithelial cells from being degraded by heparanase that is highly expressed in a high-glucose environment, enhance the endocytic recruitment of fatty acid-binding protein 1, a coactivator of the PPAR pathway, and then regulate the activation level of intracellular PPAR. In addition, we have elucidated for the first time the molecular mechanism of heparan sulfate and fatty acid-binding protein 1 interaction. These findings provide new insights into understanding the role of heparin in the pathogenesis of DN and developing corresponding treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changkai Bu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingchi Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Endocrinology & Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Wang F, Xu W, Liu X, Zhang J. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in HK-2 cells through the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:71-81. [PMID: 38013469 PMCID: PMC10875345 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has shown renoprotective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury; however, whether and how DEX prevents high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells is incompletely known. Here, we conduct in vitro experiments using HK-2 cells, a human tubular epithelial cell line. Our results demonstrate that high glucose increases the expressions of EMT-related proteins, including Vimentin, Slug, Snail and Twist, while decreasing the expression of E-cadherin and increasing Cdk5 expression in HK-2 cells. Both Cdk5 knockdown and inhibition by roscovitine increase the expressions of E-cadherin while decreasing the expressions of other EMT-related markers. DEX inhibits Cdk5 expression without affecting cell viability and changes the expressions of EMT-related markers, similar to effects of Cdk5 inhibition. Furthermore, Cdk5 is found to interact with Drp1 at the protein level and mediate the phosphorylation of Drp1. In addition, Drp1 inhibition with mdivi-1 could also restrain the high glucose-induced EMT process in HK-2 cells. Immunofluorescence results show that roscovitine, Mdivi-1 and DEX inhibit high glucose-induced intracellular ROS accumulation, while the oxidant H 2O 2 eliminates the protective effect of DEX on the EMT process. These results indicate that DEX mitigates high glucose-induced EMT progression in HK-2 cells via inhibition of the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiologythe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao266000China
| | - Xiaoge Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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4
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Xu W, Du Y, Pan B, Wang Q, Zheng H, Zhang R, Lou J, Zhu G, Zhou J, Sun J. Novel phenoxy-((phenylethynyl) selanyl) propan-2-ol derivatives as potential anticancer agents. BMC Chem 2023; 17:172. [PMID: 38017577 PMCID: PMC10685490 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocompounds protect against damage to healthy cells and induce the death of tumor cells by apoptosis; for this reason, they are attractive compounds for cancer research. In the present study, two series of novel phenoxy-((phenylethynyl) selanyl) propan-2-ol derivatives were synthesized, and their anti-proliferation activities were evaluated. Of the 23 compounds synthesized, most showed potent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. Specifically, compounds 3h, 3g, and 3h-2, which had a 2- or 4-position halogen substituent on 1-((phenylethynyl)selanyl)-3-phenoxypropan-2-ol, exhibited the best anti-proliferative activity against tumor cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that 3h, 3g, and 3h-2 induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Cellular studies demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis by 3h correlated with changes in the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. Xenograft tumor experiments in nude mice revealed that compound 3h has antitumor effects in vivo and no evident toxic effects in nude mice. In addition, compound 3h alleviated cisplatin-induced liver and kidney damage. These findings uncover the applicability of compound 3h as a novel lead compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Song Y, Sun W, Li W, Li W. Bezafibrate attenuates acute lung injury by preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in pulmonary epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110751. [PMID: 37567013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) serves as a common life-threatening clinical syndrome with high mortality rates, which is characterized by disturbed mitochondrial dynamics in pulmonary epithelial barrier. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is one of the critical nuclear receptors, exerting important roles in preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium. Previous studies have suggested that bezafibrate (BEZ), a PPAR-γ agonist, could improve obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we explored whether bezafibrate could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. Using C57BL/6 mice exposed to LPS, we observed that BEZ pretreatment (100 mg/kg) for 7 days decreased lung pathologic injury, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed inflammation and apoptosis, accompanied by shifting the dynamic course of mitochondria from fission into fusion. Meanwhile, we observed that BEZ could reverse the inhibition of PPAR-γ in lung tissues from LPS-treated mice. In vitro experiments also disclosed that BEZ could improve cell viability in primary pulmonary epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. And BEZ (80 μM) treatment could not only inhibit oxidative stress but also preserve mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in primary pulmonary epithelial cells. However, PPAR-γ knockdown partially abolished BEZ-mediated antioxidation and completely offset its regulatory effects on mitochondrial dynamics in primary pulmonary epithelial cells. In PPAR-γ-deficient mice, BEZ lost its pulmonary protection including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in mice with ALI. Taken together, BEZ could attenuate ALI by preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in pulmonary epithelial cells in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyiyan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing City 400021, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China.
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6
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Han HY, Park SM, Ko JW, Oh JH, Kim SK, Kim TW. Integrated transcriptomic analysis of liver and kidney after 28 days of thioacetamide treatment in rats. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:201-211. [PMID: 37008694 PMCID: PMC10050285 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) was developed as a pesticide; however, it was soon found to cause hepatic and renal toxicity. To evaluate target organ interactions during hepatotoxicity, we compared gene expression profiles in the liver and kidney after TAA treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily with oral TAA and then sacrificed, and their tissues were evaluated for acute toxicity (30 and 100 mg/kg bw/day), 7-day (15 and 50 mg/kg bw/day), and 4-week repeated-dose toxicity (10 and 30 mg/kg). After the 4-week repeated toxicity study, total RNA was extracted from the liver and kidneys, and microarray analysis was performed. Differentially expressed genes were selected based on fold change and significance, and gene functions were analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis. Microarray analysis showed that significantly regulated genes were involved in liver hyperplasia, renal tubule injury, and kidney failure in the TAA-treated group. Commonly regulated genes in the liver or kidney were associated with xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. We revealed changes in the molecular pathways of the target organs in response to TAA and provided information on candidate genes that can indicate TAA-induced toxicity. These results may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of target organ interactions during TAA-induced hepatotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00156-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34131 Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34131 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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7
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Ren L, Cui H, Wang Y, Ju F, Cai Y, Gang X, Wang G. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114465. [PMID: 36870280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is the dysregulation of the lipid environment and/or intracellular composition that leads to accumulation of harmful lipids and ultimately to organelle dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways, chronic inflammation and cell death. It plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related glomerulopathy, age-related kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, and the like. However, the mechanisms of lipid overload and kidney injury remain poorly understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of lipotoxic kidney injury. First, we analyzed the mechanism of lipid accumulation in the kidney. Accumulating data indicate that the mechanisms of lipid overload in different kidney diseases are inconsistent. Second, we summarize the multiple mechanisms by which lipotoxic species affect the kidney cell behavior, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated autophagy, and inflammation, highlighting the central role of oxidative stress. Blocking the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation in the kidney and the damage of the kidney by lipid overload may be potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and antioxidant drugs may play a pivotal role in the treatment of kidney disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuci District People's Hospital, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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Tanriover C, Copur S, Ucku D, Cakir AB, Hasbal NB, Soler MJ, Kanbay M. The Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020570. [PMID: 36839892 PMCID: PMC9960839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and fission processes leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, release of cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA resulting in apoptosis, mitophagy, and defects in energy metabolism are the key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. Currently, various strategies target the mitochondria to improve kidney function and kidney treatment. The agents used in these strategies can be classified as biogenesis activators, fission inhibitors, antioxidants, mPTP inhibitors, and agents which enhance mitophagy and cardiolipin-protective drugs. Several glucose-lowering drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are also known to have influences on these mechanisms. In this review, we delineate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease, the current mitochondria-targeting treatment options affecting the kidneys and the future role of mitochondria in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ucku
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B. Cakir
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri B. Hasbal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-212-2508250
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Mori K, Katsumata SI, Miyajima K, Uno K, Matsuzaki H. Effects of dietary phosphorus concentration and phosphate salt form on renal tubule function in unilateral nephrectomized rats. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221122223. [PMID: 36039529 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive consumption of phosphorus (P) impairs renal tubule function; however, the effects of different dietary phosphate salts on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. Aim: To examine the effects of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and potassium tripolyphosphate (K5P3O10) and P concentration on renal function in a rat model of early CKD. Methods: Male sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing KH2PO4 with a normal P level. Kidney injury was induced by unilateral nephrectomy (UNx), and the rats were divided into four groups fed dietary KH2PO4 or K5P3O10 with a normal (UNx-NKH, UNx-NKP) or high (UNx-HKH, UNx-HKP) P concentration, respectively, for 21 days. Results: UNx-NKH rats showed significantly lower creatinine clearance (CCr) and higher albumin (ALB) compared with those of sham rats, confirming UNx-induced kidney injury. The urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and ALB were significantly higher in UNx-HKP rats than in UNx-HKH rats. However, other markers of renal tubule function, such as CCr, serum creatinine (CRE), calcium (Ca), and hormones, only differed among groups according to the P concentration and not the dietary phosphate salt form. Histological examination showed higher incidence and severity of tubulointerstitial lesions, tubule regeneration, tubule dilation, and calcification in the high-phosphorus than in the normal-phosphorus UNx groups. These changes were more severe in the UNx-HKP group compared with the UNx-HKH group. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of controlling dietary P intake in terms of both concentration and source to prevent the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikue Mori
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, 13126Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Katsumata
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, 13126Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, 13126Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinuko Uno
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, 13126Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuzaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, 13126Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Gao Z, Chen X. Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Kidney Diseases: Perspectives on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:805281. [PMID: 35517820 PMCID: PMC9065343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.805281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ and requires a large amount of ATP to maintain its filtration-reabsorption function, and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation serves as the main source of energy to meet its functional needs. Reduced and inefficient fatty acid β-oxidation is thought to be a major mechanism contributing to kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. PPARα, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-β/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid β-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases. Here, we disentangle the lipid metabolism regulation properties and potential mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles, and emphasize the role of mesenchymal stem cells on lipid metabolism. This review aims to highlight the important role of fatty acid β-oxidation in the progression of kidney diseases, and to explore the fatty acid β-oxidation effects and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Tang C, Cai J, Yin XM, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA, Dong Z. Mitochondrial quality control in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:299-318. [PMID: 33235391 PMCID: PMC8958893 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the activity, function and viability of eukaryotic cells and mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease, as well as in abnormal kidney repair after AKI. Multiple quality control mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA repair, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, have evolved to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Loss of these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, leading to cell death, tissue injury and, potentially, organ failure. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of disturbances in mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of AKI, incomplete or maladaptive kidney repair and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, specific interventions that target mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to preserve and restore mitochondrial function have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat kidney injury and accelerate kidney repair. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging owing to potential adverse effects, unclear mechanisms of action and a lack of knowledge of the specific roles and regulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in kidney resident and circulating cell types during injury and repair of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel M. Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manjeri A. Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,
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12
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Yepes‐Calderón M, Sotomayor CG, Pena M, Eisenga MF, Gans ROB, Berger SP, Moers C, Sugaya T, Doekharan D, Navis GJ, van den Born J, Bakker SJL. Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein is independently associated with graft failure in outpatient kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1535-1544. [PMID: 32946659 PMCID: PMC8048636 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) is a biomarker of kidney hypoxia and ischemia, and thus offers a novel approach to identify early kidney insults associated with increased risk of graft failure in outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We investigated whether uL-FABP is associated with graft failure and whether it improves risk prediction. We studied a cohort of 638 outpatient KTR with a functional graft ≥1-year. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 80 KTR developed graft failure. uL-FABP (median 2.11, interquartile range 0.93-7.37 µg/24"/>h) was prospectively associated with the risk of graft failure (hazard ratio 1.75; 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.41 per 1-SD increment; P = .001), independent of potential confounders including estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. uL-FABP showed excellent discrimination ability for graft failure (c-statistic of 0.83) and its addition to a prediction model composed by established clinical predictors of graft failure significantly improved the c-statistic to 0.89 (P for F-test <.001). These results were robust to several sensitivity analyses. Further validation studies are warranted to evaluate the potential use of a risk-prediction model including uL-FABP to improve identification of outpatient KTR at high risk of graft failure in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Yepes‐Calderón
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Michelle Pena
- Departmant of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Michele F. Eisenga
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Rijk O. B. Gans
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Cyril Moers
- Division of Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Department of MedicineSt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | | | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap van den Born
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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PPAR-α Deletion Attenuates Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Organic Transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197416. [PMID: 33049997 PMCID: PMC7582648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, nephrotoxicity has been reported in about one-third of patients undergoing cisplatin therapy. Proximal tubules are the main target of cisplatin toxicity and cellular uptake; elimination of this drug can modulate renal damage. Organic transporters play an important role in the transport of cisplatin into the kidney and organic cations transporter 2 (OCT-2) has been shown to be one of the most important transporters to play this role. On the other hand, multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE-1) transporter is the main protein that mediates the extrusion of cisplatin into the urine. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity has been shown to be enhanced by increased OCT-2 and/or reduced MATE-1 activity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) is the transcription factor which controls lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis; it is highly expressed in the kidneys and interacts with both MATE-1 and OCT-2. Considering the above, we treated wild-type and PPAR-α knockout mice with cisplatin in order to evaluate the severity of nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin induced renal dysfunction, renal inflammation, apoptosis and tubular injury in wild-type mice, whereas PPAR-α deletion protected against these alterations. Moreover, we observed that cisplatin induced down-regulation of organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2 and that PPAR-α deletion restored the expression of these transporters. In addition, PPAR-α knockout mice at basal state showed increased MATE-1 expression and reduced OCT-2 levels. Here, we show for the first time that PPAR-α deletion protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity and that this protection is via modulation of the organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2.
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14
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Li M, Li CM, Ye ZC, Huang J, Li Y, Lai W, Peng H, Lou TQ. Sirt3 modulates fatty acid oxidation and attenuates cisplatin-induced AKI in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5109-5121. [PMID: 32281286 PMCID: PMC7205836 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) dysfunction is one of the important mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) has been confirmed to alleviate acute kidney injury (AKI) by improving mitochondrial function and participate in the regulation of FAO in other disease models. However, it is not clear whether Sirt3 is involved in regulating FAO to improve the prognosis of AKI induced by cisplatin. Here, using a murine model of cisplatin-induced AKI, we revealed that there were significantly FAO dysfunction and extensive lipid deposition in the mice with AKI. Metabolomics analysis suggested reprogrammed energy metabolism and decreased ATP production. In addition, fatty acid deposition can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis. Our data suggested that Sirt3 deletion aggravated FAO dysfunction, resulting in increased apoptosis of kidney tissues and aggravated renal injury. The activation of Sirt3 by honokiol could improve FAO and renal function and reduced fatty acid deposition in wide-type mice, but not Sirt3-defective mice. We concluded that Sirt3 may regulate FAO by deacetylating liver kinase B1 and activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, the activation of Sirt3 by honokiol increased ATP production as well as reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation through improving mitochondrial function. Collectively, these results provide new evidence that Sirt3 is protective against AKI. Enhancing Sirt3 to improve FAO may be a potential strategy to prevent kidney injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Ming Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tan-Qi Lou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Lamichane S, Dahal Lamichane B, Kwon SM. Pivotal Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Signal Cascade for Cellular and Whole-Body Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040949. [PMID: 29565812 PMCID: PMC5979443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are important in whole-body energy metabolism. PPARs are classified into three isoforms, namely, PPARα, β/δ, and γ. They are collectively involved in fatty acid oxidation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism throughout the body. Importantly, the three isoforms of PPARs have complementary and distinct metabolic activities for energy balance at a cellular and whole-body level. PPARs also act with other co-regulators to maintain energy homeostasis. When endogenous ligands bind with these receptors, they regulate the transcription of genes involved in energy homeostasis. However, the exact molecular mechanism of PPARs in energy metabolism remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the importance of PPAR signals in multiple organs and focus on the pivotal roles of PPAR signals in cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekrishna Lamichane
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Babita Dahal Lamichane
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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16
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Quantified kidney echogenicity in mice with renal ischemia reperfusion injury: evaluation as a noninvasive biomarker of acute kidney injury. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 50:161-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Schrezenmeier EV, Barasch J, Budde K, Westhoff T, Schmidt-Ott KM. Biomarkers in acute kidney injury - pathophysiological basis and clinical performance. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:554-572. [PMID: 27474473 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been discovered and characterized in the recent past. These molecules can be detected in urine or blood and signify structural damage to the kidney. Clinically, they are proposed as adjunct diagnostics to serum creatinine and urinary output to improve the early detection, differential diagnosis and prognostic assessment of AKI. The most obvious requirements for a biomarker include its reflection of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Hence, a biomarker of AKI should derive from the injured kidney and reflect a molecular process intimately connected with tissue injury. Here, we provide an overview of the basic pathophysiology, the cellular sources and the clinical performance of the most important currently proposed biomarkers of AKI: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and calprotectin (S100A8/9). We also acknowledge each biomarker's advantages and disadvantages as well as important knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - J. Barasch
- Division of Nephrology; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York NY USA
| | - K. Budde
- Department of Nephrology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - T. Westhoff
- Medical Department I; Universitätsklinikum Marien Hospital Herne; Ruhr University of Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - K. M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
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18
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Interstitial renal fibrosis due to multiple cisplatin treatments is ameliorated by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibition. Kidney Int 2016; 89:374-85. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alge JL, Arthur JM. Biomarkers of AKI: a review of mechanistic relevance and potential therapeutic implications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 10:147-55. [PMID: 25092601 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.12191213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AKI is a common clinical condition associated with a number of adverse outcomes. More timely diagnosis would allow for earlier intervention and could improve patient outcomes. The goal of early identification of AKI has been the primary impetus for AKI biomarker research, and has led to the discovery of numerous novel biomarkers. However, in addition to facilitating more timely intervention, AKI biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of this complex and heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, AKI biomarkers could also function as molecular phenotyping tools that could be used to direct clinical intervention. This review highlights the major studies that have characterized the diagnostic and prognostic predictive power of these biomarkers. The mechanistic relevance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule 1, IL-18, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, angiotensinogen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and IGF-binding protein 7 to the pathogenesis and pathobiology of AKI is discussed, putting these biomarkers in the context of the progressive phases of AKI. A biomarker-integrated model of AKI is proposed, which summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the roles of these biomarkers and the molecular and cellular biology of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Alge
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Medical Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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20
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Kawai A, Kusaka M, Kitagawa F, Ishii J, Fukami N, Maruyama T, Sasaki H, Shiroki R, Kurahashi H, Hoshinaga K. Serum liver-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts recovery of graft function after kidney transplantation from donors after cardiac death. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:749-54. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kawai
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Mamoru Kusaka
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Junichi Ishii
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Naohiko Fukami
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Hitomi Sasaki
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hoshinaga
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
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Peralta C, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Abraham A, Tien P, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch A, Anastos K, Cohen M, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Sarnak M, Parikh C, Shlipak M. Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury are associated with all-cause mortality in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). HIV Med 2013; 15:291-300. [PMID: 24313986 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in HIV-infected individuals, and is associated with mortality in both the HIV-infected and general populations. Urinary markers of tubular injury have been associated with future kidney disease risk, but associations with mortality are unknown. METHODS We evaluated the associations of urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) with 10-year, all-cause death in 908 HIV-infected women. Serum cystatin C was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). RESULTS There were 201 deaths during 9269 person-years of follow-up. After demographic adjustment, compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertiles of IL-18 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-3.68], KIM-1 (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.44-2.89), NGAL (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.05-2.14) and ACR (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.13-2.36) were associated with higher mortality. After multivariable adjustment including adjustment for eGFRcys, only the highest tertiles of IL-18 (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.29-2.74) and ACR (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.01-2.12) remained independently associated with mortality. Findings for KIM-1 were borderline (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.99-2.02). We found a J-shaped association between L-FABP and mortality. Compared with persons in the lowest tertile, the HR for the middle tertile of L-FABP was 0.67 (95% CI 0.46-0.98) after adjustment. Associations were stronger when IL-18, ACR and L-FABP were simultaneously included in models. CONCLUSIONS Among HIV-infected women, some urinary markers of tubular injury are associated with mortality risk, independently of eGFRcys and ACR. These markers represent potential tools with which to identify early kidney injury in persons with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ca Peralta
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Mahadevappa R, Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Birn H. Megalin in acute kidney injury: foe and friend. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F147-54. [PMID: 24197071 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00378.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule is a key target in many forms of acute kidney injury (AKI). The multiligand receptor megalin is responsible for the normal proximal tubule uptake of filtered molecules, including nephrotoxins, cytokines, and markers of AKI. By mediating the uptake of nephrotoxins, megalin plays an essential role in the development of some types of AKI. However, megalin also mediates the tubular uptake of molecules implicated in the protection against AKI, and changes in megalin expression have been demonstrated in AKI in animal models. Thus, modulation of megalin expression in response to AKI may be an important part of the tubule cell adaption to cellular protection and regeneration and should be further investigated as a potential target of intervention. This review explores current evidence linking megalin expression and function to the development, diagnosis, and progression of AKI as well as renal protection against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Dept. of Biomedicine, Aarhus Univ., Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Bldg. 1234, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
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Ghatanatti R, Teli A, Tirkey SS, Bhattacharya S, Sengupta G, Mondal A. Role of renal biomarkers as predictors of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2013; 22:234-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492313502028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is unique in using cardiopulmonary bypass in various clinical scenarios. Injury of vital organs is unavoidable in the perioperative period. Acute kidney injury is a consequence of the systemic inflammatory response after bypass, emboli, ischemia, and low cardiac output states, reportedly occurring in 30%–40% of open heart surgeries. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. Many preventive measures (off-pump procedures, decreased crossclamp time, pulsatile flow, adequate hydration) are taken in the perioperative period to avoid organ injury, but in vain. Traditionally, blood urea, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance rate were applied for prediction of acute kidney injury. The recent emergence of biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, liver-type fatty acid binding protein, interleukin-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and tetrahydrobiopterin have helped in detecting acute kidney injury long before the rise of serum creatinine. These biomarkers can also be used as tools for predicting therapeutic effects in acute kidney injury and for monitoring drug toxicity. This review consolidates the knowledge of biomarkers and their application in acute kidney injury management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ghatanatti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, SSKM Hospital and IPGME&R Kolkata, India
| | - Anita Teli
- Department of Physiology, BLDE University, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Subhankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, SSKM Hospital and IPGME&R Kolkata, India
| | - Gautam Sengupta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, SSKM Hospital and IPGME&R Kolkata, India
| | - Ansuman Mondal
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, SSKM Hospital and IPGME&R Kolkata, India
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Hamasaki Y, Doi K, Maeda-Mamiya R, Ogasawara E, Katagiri D, Tanaka T, Yamamoto T, Sugaya T, Nangaku M, Noiri E. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate, reduces renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppressing PAI-1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1796-803. [PMID: 24107419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00151.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor antagonist sarpogrelate (SG) blocks serotonin-induced platelet aggregation. It has been used clinically for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. SG might be able to improve chronic ischemia, which contributes to renal fibrosis progression by maintaining renal microcirculation. This study investigated whether SG suppresses renal fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice fed a 0.2% adenine-containing diet for 6 wk developed severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis with kidney dysfunction. Subsequent SG treatment (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 4 wk improved these changes significantly by increasing peritubular blood flow in the fibrotic area, as evaluated by intravital microscopy and decreasing fibrin deposition. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein, up-regulated by renal hypoxia, was also reduced by SG. Additionally, results showed that mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is known to promote fibrosis by mediating and enhancing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling, was suppressed by SG treatment in the kidney. In vitro experiments using cultured murine proximal tubular epithelial (mProx) cells revealed that incubation with TGF-β1 and 5-HT increased PAI-1 mRNA expression; SG significantly reduced it. In conclusion, SG reduces renal fibrosis not only by the antithrombotic effect of maintaining peritubular blood flow but also by suppressing PAI-1 expression in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Dept. of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Univ. of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Katagiri D, Hamasaki Y, Doi K, Okamoto K, Negishi K, Nangaku M, Noiri E. Protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 in cisplatin-induced renal injury elucidates gut-kidney connection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:2034-43. [PMID: 24092928 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of the beyond-glucose lowering effects of a gut-released hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has been reported in the context of remote organ connections of the cardiovascular system. Specifically, GLP-1 appears to prevent apoptosis, and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which cleaves GLP-1, is renoprotective in rodent ischemia-reperfusion injury models. Whether this renoprotection involves enhanced GLP-1 signaling is unclear, however, because DPP-4 cleaves other molecules as well. Thus, we investigated whether modulation of GLP-1 signaling attenuates cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. Mice injected with 15 mg/kg CP had increased BUN and serum creatinine and CP caused remarkable pathologic renal injury, including tubular necrosis. Apoptosis was also detected in the tubular epithelial cells of CP-treated mice using immunoassays for single-stranded DNA and activated caspase-3. Treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin (AG), significantly reduced CP-induced renal injury and reduced the renal mRNA expression ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bim/Bcl-2. AG treatment increased the blood levels of GLP-1, but reversed the CP-induced increase in the levels of other DPP-4 substrates such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 and neuropeptide Y. Furthermore, the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 reduced CP-induced renal injury and apoptosis, and suppression of renal GLP-1 receptor expression in vivo by small interfering RNA reversed the renoprotective effects of AG. These data suggest that enhancing GLP-1 signaling ameliorates CP-induced AKI via antiapoptotic effects and that this gut-kidney axis could be a new therapeutic target in AKI.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute kidney injury (AKI) remarkably increases the mortality of critically ill patients treated in ICUs. Recently, several renal biomarkers have been developed for the early detection of AKI. We review the potential of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) as a new renal biomarker for AKI diagnosis in critical care. RECENT FINDINGS In the kidney, L-FABP is expressed in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and shed into urine rapidly in response to renal insults. By using human L-FABP transgenic mice, we reported that urinary L-FABP can detect AKI sensitively and reflect its severity accurately in animal models of AKI and sepsis. In clinical evaluations, the good performance of urinary L-FABP was demonstrated not only in pediatric postcardiopulmonary bypass surgery AKI and contrast media-induced AKI but also in septic shock patients complicated with AKI. SUMMARY Recent data suggest that urinary L-FABP can contribute to the development of new AKI diagnostic tools in critical care. Combining with other renal markers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), optimal threshold determination for distinguishing AKI from chronic renal failure should be explored before translation to the clinical.
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Li S, Mariappan N, Megyesi J, Shank B, Kannan K, Theus S, Price PM, Duffield JS, Portilla D. Proximal tubule PPARα attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F618-27. [PMID: 23804447 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00309.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of increased expression of proximal tubule peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α in a mouse model of renal fibrosis. After 5 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), PPARα expression was significantly reduced in kidney tissue of wild-type mice but this downregulation was attenuated in proximal tubules of PPARα transgenic (Tg) mice. When compared with wild-type mice subjected to UUO, PPARα Tg mice had reduced mRNA and protein expression of proximal tubule transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, with reduced production of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen 1, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. UUO-mediated increased expression of microRNA 21 in kidney tissue was also reduced in PPARα Tg mice. Overexpression of PPARα in cultured proximal tubular cells by adenoviral transduction reduced aristolochic acid-mediated increased production of TGF-β, demonstrating PPARα signaling reduces epithelial TGF-β production. Flow cytometry studies of dissociated whole kidneys demonstrated reduced macrophage infiltration to kidney tissue in PPARα Tg mice after UUO. Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in wild-type mice was also significantly reduced in kidney tissue of PPARα Tg mice. In contrast, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and arginase-1 was significantly increased in kidney tissue of PPARα Tg mice when compared with wild-type mice subjected to UUO. Our studies demonstrate several mechanisms by which preserved expression of proximal tubule PPARα reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with obstructive uropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Slot 501, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious problem in critically ill patients. Tests currently used to detect AKI (i.e., serum creatinine, serum urea and various urinary indices) often result in serious delays in detection of clinically relevant injury. This delayed detection translates into a potential missed opportunity for therapeutic interventions at a time when kidney damage may be limitable or reversible. This is also recognized as a potential reason for the poor clinical outcomes often associated with AKI. OBJECTIVES To appraise the recent literature characterizing several novel serum and urinary biomarkers, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-18 and kidney injury molecule-1, which are capable of detecting AKI at an earlier phase of injury. Also to discuss the pitfalls of current conventional testing in kidney injury. METHOD Narrative literature review. CONCLUSIONS These novel biomarkers can detect injury when damage may still be reversible, allow for early risk stratification and/or prognostication, and are associated in early clinical studies with important outcomes such as severity of AKI, need for renal replacement therapy and survival. There is optimism that these novel biomarkers will discriminate the underlying pathophysiology of AKI (i.e., ischemia, sepsis, toxins or multifactorial), discriminate AKI from other renal disease (i.e., chronic kidney disease) and aid in localizing the site of acute injury in the kidney. As such, the future may entail development of an 'AKI biomarker panel' (i.e., analogous to a cardiac or liver enzyme panel) for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bagshaw
- University of Alberta Hospital, 3C1.12 Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Division of Critical Care Medicine, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2B7, Canada +1 780 407 6755 ; +1 780 407 1228 ;
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Slocum JL, Heung M, Pennathur S. Marking renal injury: can we move beyond serum creatinine? Transl Res 2012; 159:277-89. [PMID: 22424431 PMCID: PMC3308350 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and devastating condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite marked improvements in clinical care, the outcomes for subjects with AKI have shown limited improvement in the past 50 years. A major factor inhibiting clinical progress in this field has been the inability to accurately predict and diagnose early kidney dysfunction. The current gold standard clinical and biochemical criteria for diagnosis of AKI, Risk Injury Failure Loss End-stage renal disease, and its modification, Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, rely on urine output and serum creatinine, which are insensitive, nonspecific, and late markers of disease. The recent development of a variety of analytic mass spectrometry-based platforms have enabled separation, characterization, detection, and quantification of proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics). These high-throughput platforms have raised hopes of identifying novel protein and metabolite markers, and recent efforts have led to several promising novel markers of AKI. However, substantial challenges remain, including the need to systematically evaluate incremental performance of these markers over and beyond current clinical and biochemical criteria for AKI. We discuss the basic issues surrounding AKI biomarker development, highlight the most promising markers currently under development, and discuss the barriers toward widespread clinical implementation of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Slocum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Zong C, Yu Y, Song G, Luo T, Li L, Wang X, Qin S. Chitosan oligosaccharides promote reverse cholesterol transport and expression of scavenger receptor BI and CYP7A1 in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:194-200. [PMID: 22302708 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are beneficial in improving plasma lipids and diminishing atherosclerotic risks. In this study, we examined the effects of COS on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in C57BL/6 mice. (3)H-cholesterol-laden macrophages were injected intraperitoneally into mice fed with various dosage of COS (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg mouse weight, respectively) or vehicle by gastric gavages. Plasma lipid level was determined and (3)H-cholesterol was traced in plasma, liver, bile and feces. The effects of COS on hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) expression were also investigated. COS administration led to a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a significant increase in peritoneal macrophage-derived (3)H-cholesterol in liver and bile as well as in feces. Liver protein expressions of CYP7A1, SR-BI and LDL receptor (LDL-R) were improved in a dosage-dependent manner in COS-administered mice. Our findings provide the first in vivo demonstration of a positive role for COS in RCT pathway and hepatic CYP7A1 and SR-BI expression in mice. Additionally, the LDL cholesterol lowering effect might be relative to hepatic LDL-R expression stimulated by COS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zong
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
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Kamijo-Ikemori A, Sugaya T, Matsui K, Yokoyama T, Kimura K. Roles of human liver type fatty acid binding protein in kidney disease clarified using hL-FABP chromosomal transgenic mice. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 16:539-44. [PMID: 21504508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease develops to renal failure over a period of days, months or years, hence, clinical markers that indicate the real-time renal pathophysiological conditions is important. Liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is a 14 kDa molecule predominantly expressed in human proximal tubules. Clinical studies demonstrate that urinary excretion of L-FABP derived from the proximal tubules is an excellent biomarker for predicting and monitoring deterioration of renal function or for early detection of kidney disease. However, in order to clarify the pathophysiological roles or dynamics of renal L-FABP in diseased settings, in vivo experimental studies of kidney diseases are indispensable. Since L-FABP is not endogenously expressed in murine kidneys, a transgenic (Tg) mouse model with expression of the human L-FABP gene was established. This review article summarizes the findings on the pathophysiological roles and dynamics of renal human L-FABP in the recent experimental studies performed using this Tg mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang D, Han J, Yu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Tian H, Guo S, Jin S, Luo T, Qin S. Chitosan oligosaccharide decreases very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-fat-diet-fed rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1064-9. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that chitosan has beneficial lipid-regulating effects, but it remains unknown whether chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), the chitosan degradation product, has the same lipid benefits. High-fat-diet-fed Wistar rats were administrated with COS by gastric gavage for three weeks. The effects of COS on lipids, lipoprotein components and lipid metabolism related protein activities were investigated. Plasma lipids level assays by an enzyme method showed that COS decreased triglyceride (TG) by 29–31%, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol by 8–11%, but did not affect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Lipid distribution analysis through fast protein liquid chromatography indicated that COS significantly decreased TG content distributed in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL fractions but increased cholesterol content in HDL fractions. Apolipoprotein analysis through plasma ultracentrifugation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis displayed that COS decreased apolipoprotein B-100 of LDL and increased apolipoprotein E of LDL and apolipoprotein B-100 of VLDL, but did not change apoA-I content of HDL particles. Lipoprotein formation associated protein determination showed that COS also increased plasma activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase but not phospholipid transfer protein. The present study suggests that COS may play a beneficial role in plasma lipid regulation of rats with dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet. The COS-decreased VLDL/LDL TG and -enhanced HDL cholesterol may be related to the upregulated activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Wang
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001
| | - Jiju Han
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Shiguang Jin
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001
| | - Tian Luo
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
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Matsui K, Kamijo-Ikemorif A, Sugaya T, Yasuda T, Kimura K. Renal liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) attenuates acute kidney injury in aristolochic acid nephrotoxicity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1021-32. [PMID: 21356355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Injection of aristolochic acid (AA) in mice causes AA-induced nephrotoxicity, in which oxidative stress contributes to development of tubulointerstitial damage (TID). Liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is expressed in human proximal tubules and has an endogenous antioxidative function. The renoprotection of renal L-FABP was examined in a model of AA-induced nephrotoxicity. Established human L-FABP (hL-FABP) transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with AA for up to 5 days. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 5 after the start of AA injection. Although mouse L-FABP was not expressed in proximal tubules of WT mice, hL-FABP was expressed in proximal tubules of Tg mice. The expression of renal hL-FABP was significantly increased in Tg mice administered AA (Tg-AA), compared with the control (saline-treated Tg mice). In WT-AA mice, there was high urinary excretion of N(ε)-(hexanoyl)-lysine, the production of heme oxygenase-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products increased, and TID was provoked. In contrast, renal hL-FABP in Tg-AA mice suppressed production of N(ε)-(hexanoyl)lysine, heme oxygenase-1, and receptor for advanced glycation end products. Renal dysfunction was significantly milder in Tg-AA mice than in WT-AA mice. The degree of TID was significantly attenuated in Tg-AA mice, compared with WT-AA. In conclusion, renal hL-FABP reduced the oxidative stress in AA-induced nephrotoxicity and attenuated TID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuomi Matsui
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kanaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Osaki K, Sugaya T, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y. Protective effects of L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) in proximal tubular cells against glomerular injury in anti-GBM antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:3465-73. [PMID: 21525165 PMCID: PMC3203629 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. In glomerulonephritis (GN), an overload of free fatty acids (FFA) bound to albumin in urinary protein may induce oxidative stress in the proximal tubules. Human liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (hL-FABP) expressed in human proximal tubules, but not rodents, participates in intracellular FFA metabolism and exerts anti-oxidative effects on the progression of tubulointerstitial damage. We examined whether tubular enhancement of this anti-oxidative action modulates the progression of glomerular damage in immune-mediated GN in hL-FABP chromosomal gene transgenic (Tg) mice. Methods. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN) was induced in Tg and wild-type mice (WT). Proteinuria, histopathology, polymorphonuclear (PMN) influx, expression of tubulointerstitial markers for oxidative stress 4-hydroxy-2-Nonenal (HNE) and fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin), proximal tubular damage (Kim-1), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPAR γ) and inflammatory cytokines [Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)] were analyzed. The mice were also treated with an angiotensin type II receptor blocker (ARB). Results. The urinary protein level in Tg mice decreased significantly during the acute phase (∼Day 5). Tg mice survived for a significantly longer time than WT mice, with an attenuation of tubulointerstitial damage score and expression of each tubulointerstitial damage marker observed at Day 7. Expression of inflammatory cytokines on Day 7 was higher in WT mice than Tg mice and correlated strongly with PPARγ expression in WT mice, but not in Tg mice. Interestingly, Tg mice showed insufficient PMN influx at 3 and 6 h, with simultaneous elevation of urinary L-FABP and reduction in HNE expression. The two strains of mice showed different types of glomerular damage, with mild mesangial proliferation in Tg mice and severe endothelial swelling with vascular thrombosis in WT mice. The glomerular damage in Tg mice was improved by administration of an ARB. Conclusions. The present experimental model suggests that tubular enhancement of L-FABP may protect mice with anti-GBM GN from progression of both tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kanaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α is renoprotective in doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury. Kidney Int 2011; 79:1302-11. [PMID: 21368746 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic utilized in antitumor therapy; however, its clinical use is frequently impeded by renal toxic effects. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) has renoprotective effects in drug-related kidney injuries, we tested its ability to inhibit DOX-induced renal injury. Although both male PPAR-α knockout mice and their wild-type littermates (pure 129/SvJ background) had significant proteinuria 4 weeks after DOX treatment, those with deletion of PPAR-α had more severe proteinuria. This was associated with more serious podocyte foot process effacement compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate effectively reduced proteinuria and attenuated DOX-induced podocyte foot process effacement. Consistently, glomerular nephrin expression was significantly lower in the knockout compared with wild-type mice following DOX treatment. Fenofibrate therapy significantly blunted the reduction in glomerular nephrin levels in DOX-treated wild-type mice. In cultured podocytes, DOX induced apoptosis, increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, and decreased Bcl-2 expression, all attenuated by pretreatment with fenofibrate. Thus, PPAR-α deficiency exacerbates DOX-related renal injury, in part, due to increased podocyte apoptosis.
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Al-Ismaili Z, Palijan A, Zappitelli M. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in children: discovery, evaluation, and clinical application. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:29-40. [PMID: 20623143 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children is associated with increased mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay and may also be associated with long-term chronic kidney disease development. Despite encouraging results on AKI treatment in animal studies, no specific treatment has yet been successful in humans. One of the important factors contributing to this problem is the lack of an early AKI diagnostic test. Serum creatinine, the current main diagnostic test for AKI, rises late in AKI pathophysiology and is an inaccurate marker of acute changes in glomerular filtration rate. Therefore, new biomarkers of AKI are needed. With great advancements in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, new AKI biomarkers, mainly consisting of urinary proteins that appear in response to renal tubular cell injury, have been, and continue to be, discovered. These new biomarkers offer promise for early AKI diagnosis and for the depiction of severity of renal injury occurring with AKI. This review provides a summary of what a biomarker is, why we need new biomarkers of AKI, and how biomarkers are discovered and should be evaluated. The review also provides a summary of selected AKI biomarkers that have been studied in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Al-Ismaili
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Room E-213, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 1P3, Canada
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Zuo N, Suzuki Y, Sugaya T, Osaki K, Kanaguchi Y, Wang L, Tomino Y. Protective effects of tubular liver-type fatty acid-binding protein against glomerular damage in murine IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2127-37. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Boor P, Ostendorf T, Floege J. Renal fibrosis: novel insights into mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010; 6:643-56. [PMID: 20838416 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common end point of virtually all progressive kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis should not be viewed as a simple and uniform 'scar', but rather as a dynamic system that involves extracellular matrix components and many, if not all, renal and infiltrating cell types. The involved cells exhibit enormous plasticity or phenotypic variability-a fact that we are only beginning to appreciate. Only a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis can facilitate the development of effective treatments. In this Review, we discuss the most recent advances in renal, or more specifically, tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Novel mechanisms as well as potential treatment targets based on different cell types are described. Problems that continue to plague the field are also discussed, including specific therapeutic targeting of the kidney, the development of improved diagnostic methods to assess renal fibrosis and the shortcomings of available animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Yokoyama T, Kamijo-Ikemori A, Sugaya T, Hoshino S, Yasuda T, Kimura K. Urinary excretion of liver type fatty acid binding protein accurately reflects the degree of tubulointerstitial damage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:2096-106. [PMID: 19435794 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), a biomarker of chronic kidney disease, in the kidney and the degree of tubulointerstitial damage, folic acid (FA)-induced nephropathy was studied in a mouse model system. As renal L-FABP is not expressed in wild-type mice, human L-FABP (hL-FABP) transgenic mice were used in this study. hL-FABP is expressed in the renal proximal tubules of the transgenic mice that were injected intraperitoneally with FA in NaHCO3 (the FA group) or only NaHCO3 (the control group) and oral saline solution daily during the experimental period. The FA group developed severe tubulointerstitial damage with the infiltration of macrophages and the deposition of type I collagen on days 3 and 7 and recovered to the control level on day 14. The gene and protein expression levels of hL-FABP in the kidney were significantly enhanced on days 3 and 7. Urinary hL-FABP in the FA group was elevated on days 3 and 7 and decreased to the control level on day 14. The protein expression levels of hL-FABP in both the kidney and urine significantly correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial damage, the infiltration of macrophages, and the deposition of type I collagen. In conclusion, renal expression and urinary excretion of hL-FABP significantly reflected the severity of tubulointerstitial damage in FA-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoyama
- Prof. of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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Tanaka T, Doi K, Maeda-Mamiya R, Negishi K, Portilla D, Sugaya T, Fujita T, Noiri E. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein can reflect renal tubulointerstitial injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:1203-11. [PMID: 19264908 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) in renal tubulointerstitial injury using a mouse adenine-induced renal injury model. C57BL/6 mice fed excess dietary adenine for 6 weeks showed a gradual increase in levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). They also showed severe tubulointerstitial pathological findings, such as fibrosis and macrophage infiltration without glomerular damage, which were attenuated by treatment with either allopurinol or Y-700, a new xanthine dehydroxygenase inhibitor. Because renal expression of L-FABP is defective in C57BL/6 mice, human L-FABP transgenic mice were fed an adenine-containing diet. Transgenic mice showed lower BUN levels and lower levels of pathological injury compared with wild-type mice. On the other hand, urinary levels and renal expression of L-FABP in the adenine group was significantly increased and attenuated by treatment with either allopurinol or Y-700. Urinary L-FABP was positively correlated with BUN levels and pathological damages in the tubulointerstitium. No increases in urinary protein, albumin, or N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels were found for 6 weeks in any group. In conclusion, we demonstrated that urinary L-FABP levels can be used to monitor both dynamics and drug responses in a mouse adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Negishi K, Noiri E, Doi K, Maeda-Mamiya R, Sugaya T, Portilla D, Fujita T. Monitoring of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts histological severity of acute kidney injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:1154-9. [PMID: 19264903 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether levels of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) could be used to monitor histological injury in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cis-platinum (CP) injection and ischemia reperfusion (IR). Different degrees of AKI severity were induced by several renal insults (CP dose and ischemia time) in human L-FABP transgenic mice. Renal histological injury scores increased with both CP dose and ischemic time. In CP-induced AKI, urinary L-FABP levels increased exponentially even in the lowest dose group as early as 2 hours, whereas blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased at 48 hours. In IR-induced AKI, BUN levels increased only in the 30-minute ischemia group 24 hours after reperfusion; however, urinary L-FABP levels increased more than 100-fold, even in the 5-minute ischemia group after 1 hour. In both AKI models, urinary L-FABP levels showed a better correlation with final histological injury scores and glomerular filtration rates measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled inulin injection than with levels of BUN and urinary N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, especially at earlier time points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that urinary L-FABP was superior to other biomarkers for the detection of significant histological injuries and functional declines. In conclusion, urinary L-FABP levels are better suited to allow the accurate and earlier detection of both histological and functional insults in ischemic and nephrotoxin-induced AKI compared with conventional renal markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Negishi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
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Noiri E, Doi K, Negishi K, Tanaka T, Hamasaki Y, Fujita T, Portilla D, Sugaya T. Urinary fatty acid-binding protein 1: an early predictive biomarker of kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 296:F669-79. [PMID: 19019918 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90513.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of novel therapeutic strategies for kidney disease, new renal biomarkers for early detection and accurate evaluation of renal injury are urgently required for both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1) is expressed in renal proximal tubule cells and shed into urine in response to hypoxia caused by decreased peritubular capillary blood flow. To clarify the role of urinary FABP1 in kidney disease, we established human FABP1 transgenic mice and evaluated the responses of FABP1 to several AKI and CKD models. Moreover, there are accumulating clinical data that urinary FABP1 can detect human AKI earlier than serum creatinine and can distinguish the risk population for AKI. Investigation with "humanized" FABP1 transgenic mice and measurement of clinical samples allowed us to develop urinary FABP1 as a new renal biomarker. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm the potential of urinary FABP1 for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisei Noiri
- 107 Lab., Depts. of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Univ. of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655.
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Cruickshank AM, Fraser WD, Burns HJ, Van Damme J, Shenkin A. Response of serum interleukin-6 in patients undergoing elective surgery of varying severity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1990; 177:1665-73. [PMID: 2167805 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Recent studies have suggested that interleukin-6 is a major mediator of the acute-phase protein response in man. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the response of serum interleukin-6 to surgery, the type of surgical procedure performed and the response of serum C-reactive protein. 2. Timed venous blood samples were taken from 26 patients in five broad surgical categories (minor surgery, cholecystectomy, hip replacement, colorectal surgery and major vascular surgery). C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were measured in each sample. 3. Serum interleukin-6 rose within 2-4 h of incision in all patients and the magnitude of the response differed among the various surgical groups. The response of interleukin-6 correlated (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001) with the duration of surgery. In contrast, serum C-reactive protein was not detectable after minor surgery (less than 10 mg/l) and the response of C-reactive protein did not differ among the more major surgical groups. The response of interleukin-6 showed a weak, but significant, correlation with the response of C-reactive protein (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001). 4. We conclude that serum interleukin-6 is a sensitive, early marker of tissue damage. In general, the greater the surgical trauma, the greater the response of serum interleukin-6 and the greater the peak serum concentration of interleukin-6. Our results are consistent with a role for interleukin-6 in the induction of C-reactive protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruickshank
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
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