1
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Frischbutter S, Durek P, Witkowski M, Angermair S, Treskatsch S, Maurer M, Radbruch A, Mashreghi MF. Serum TGF-β as a predictive biomarker for severe disease and fatality of COVID-19. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350433. [PMID: 37386908 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
For targeted intervention in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a high medical need for biomarkers that predict disease progression and severity in the first days after symptom onset. This study assessed the utility of early transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serum levels in COVID-19 patients to predict disease severity, fatality, and response to dexamethasone therapy. Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher TGF-β levels (416 pg/mL) as compared to patients with mild (165 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) or moderate COVID-19 (241 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve values were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.99, cut-off: 255 pg/mL) for mild versus severe COVID-19, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.65-1.0, cut-off: 202 pg/mL) for moderate versus severe COVID-19. Patients who died of severe COVID-19 had significantly higher TGF-β levels (453 pg/mL) as compared to convalescent patients (344 pg/mL), and TGF-β levels predicted fatality (area under the curve: 0.75, 95% CI 0.53-0.96). TGF-β was significantly reduced in severely ill patients treated with dexamethasone (301 pg/mL) as compared to untreated patients (416 pg/mL; p < 0.05). Early TGF-β serum levels in COVID-19 patients predict, with high accuracy, disease severity, and fatality. In addition, TGF-β serves as a specific biomarker to assess response to dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frischbutter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermair
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Li J, Liu Y, Liu J. A review of research progress on mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis related to peritoneal dialysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220450. [PMID: 37817984 PMCID: PMC10560738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective alternative treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is increasingly being adopted and promoted worldwide. However, as the duration of peritoneal dialysis extends, it can expose problems with dialysis inadequacy and ultrafiltration failure. The exact mechanism and aetiology of ultrafiltration failure have been of great concern, with triggers such as biological incompatibility of peritoneal dialysis solutions, uraemia toxins, and recurrent intraperitoneal inflammation initiating multiple pathways that regulate the release of various cytokines, promote the transcription of fibrosis-related genes, and deposit extracellular matrix. As a result, peritoneal fibrosis occurs. Exploring the pathogenic factors and molecular mechanisms can help us prevent peritoneal fibrosis and prolong the duration of Peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin’e Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Mo M, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, Li S, He X, Chen X, Luo Q, Liu M, Luo C, Dou X, Peng F, Long H. N-methylpiperazine-diepoxyovatodiolide ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β/Smad and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110589. [PMID: 37268199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is the main cause of peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the key pathogenesis of PF. However, currently, no specific treatments are available to suppress PF. N-methylpiperazine-diepoxyovatodiolide (NMPDOva) is a newly synthesized compound that involves a chemical modification of ovatodiolide. In this study, we aimed to explore the antifibrotic effects of NMPDOva in PD-related PF and underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of PD-related PF was established via daily intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% glucose PD fluid. In vitro studies were performed using the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated HMrSV5 cell line. Pathological changes were observed, and fibrotic markers were significantly elevated in the peritoneal membrane in mice model of PD-related PF. However, NMPDOva treatment significantly alleviated PD-related PF by decreasing the extracellular matrix accumulation. NMPDOva treatment decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in mice with PD-related PF. Moreover, NMPDOva could alleviate TGF-β1-induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells, inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, and increased the expression of Smad7. Meanwhile, NMPDOva inhibited phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Collectively, these results indicated that NMPDOva prevents PD-related PF by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, because of these antifibrotic effects, NMPDOva may be a promising therapeutic agent for PD-related PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yiqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xianrui Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China.
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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4
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Chen M, Xu C, Xu Z, He W, Zhang H, Su J, Song Q. Uncovering the dynamic effects of DEX treatment on lung cancer by integrating bioinformatic inference and multiscale modeling of scRNA-seq and proteomics data. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:105999. [PMID: 35998480 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, with a five-year survival rate of 18%. It is a priority for us to understand the underlying mechanisms affecting lung cancer therapeutics' implementation and effectiveness. In this study, we combine the power of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology to comprehensively uncover functional and signaling pathways of drug treatment using bioinformatics inference and multiscale modeling of both scRNA-seq data and proteomics data. Based on a time series of lung adenocarcinoma derived A549 cells after DEX treatment, we first identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in those lung cancer cells. Through the interrogation of regulatory network of those DEGs, we identified key hub genes including TGFβ, MYC, and SMAD3 varied underlie DEX treatment. Further gene set enrichment analysis revealed the TGFβ signaling pathway as the top enriched term. Those genes involved in the TGFβ pathway and their crosstalk with the ERBB pathway presented a strong survival prognosis in clinical lung cancer samples. With the basis of biological validation and literature-based curation, a multiscale model of tumor regulation centered on both TGFβ-induced and ERBB-amplified signaling pathways was developed to characterize the dynamic effects of DEX therapy on lung cancer cells. Our simulation results were well matched to available data of SMAD2, FOXO3, TGFβ1, and TGFβR1 over the time course. Moreover, we provided predictions of different doses to illustrate the trend and therapeutic potential of DEX treatment. The innovative and cross-disciplinary approach can be further applied to other computational studies in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy. We released the approach as a user-friendly tool named BIMM (Bioinformatic Inference and Multiscale Modeling), with all the key features available at https://github.com/chenm19/BIMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Chunrui Xu
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ziang Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wei He
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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5
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Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094831. [PMID: 35563220 PMCID: PMC9102299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.
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6
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Advantages and drawbacks of dexamethasone in glioblastoma multiforme. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103625. [PMID: 35158070 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most widespread, malignant, and deadliest type of glial tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite radiation, chemotherapy, and radical surgery, the median survival of afflicted individuals is about 12 months. Unfortunately, existing therapeutic interventions are abysmal. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been used for many years to treat brain edema and inflammation caused by GBM. Several investigations have recently shown that Dex also exerts antitumoral effects against GBM. On the other hand, more recent disputed findings have questioned the long-held dogma of Dex treatment for GBM. Unfortunately, steroids are associated with various undesirable side effects, including severe immunosuppression and metabolic changes like hyperglycemia, which may impair the survival of GBM patients. Current ideas and concerns about Dex's effects on GBM cerebral edema, cell proliferation, migration, and its clinical outcomes were investigated in this study.
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Anticancer Effects of Midazolam on Lung and Breast Cancers by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121396. [PMID: 34947927 PMCID: PMC8703822 DOI: 10.3390/life11121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer treatments resulting in higher survival rates, the proliferation and metastasis of tumors still raise new questions in cancer therapy. Therefore, new drugs and strategies are still needed. Midazolam (MDZ) is a common sedative drug acting through the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in the central nervous system and also binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in peripheral tissues. Previous studies have shown that MDZ inhibits cancer cell proliferation but increases cancer cell apoptosis through different mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the possible anticancer mechanisms of MDZ on different cancer cell types. MDZ inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced cancer cell proliferation of both A549 and MCF-7 cells. MDZ also inhibited TGF-β-induced cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and Smad phosphorylation in both cancer cell lines. Inhibition of PBR by PK11195 rescued the MDZ-inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that MDZ worked through PBR to inhibit TGF-β pathway. Furthermore, MDZ inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and levels of mesenchymal proteins in MDA-MD-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Together, MDZ inhibits cancer cell proliferation both in epithelial and mesenchymal types and EMT, indicating an important role for MDZ as a candidate to treat lung and breast cancers.
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8
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Li Q, Peng W, Zhang Z, Pei X, Sun Z, Ou Y. A phycocyanin derived eicosapeptide attenuates lung fibrosis development. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174356. [PMID: 34280398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive respiratory disease. Phycocyanin derived eicosapeptide (PP20) is a novel peptide derived from active protein C-phycocyanin in Cyanobacteria. The aim of our study was to explore the anti-fibrotic activity of the PP20 and its underlying mechanism. Characteristic features of pulmonary fibrosis in oleic acid (OA)-induced mice and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TGF-β1-exposed A549 and HFL-1 cells with or without PP20 and the change of TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways were examined. Smad and MAPK agonists were used to explore the role of TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling in TGF-β1- induced collagen I expression in A549 cells and α-SMA expression in HFL-1 cells when treated with PP20. Our results showed that PP20 significantly alleviated the inflammatory response and tissue destruction, inhibited EMT, restored the imbalance of TIMP-1/MMP-9 and reduced collagen fiber deposition. Moreover, PP20 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT and collagen I expression in A549 cells. PP20 could also inhibit the proliferation, and decrease TGF-β1-induced the expression of collagen I and transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in HFL-1 cells. Additionally, animal experiments and cell experiments combined with pathway agonists have shown that PP20 can negatively regulate TGF-β/Smad and MAPK pathways and show anti-fibrotic properties. PP20 may be a promising drug candidate for protection against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wen Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xin Pei
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhongkan Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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9
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Heo JY, Do JY, Lho Y, Kim AY, Kim SW, Kang SH. TGF-β1 Receptor Inhibitor SB525334 Attenuates the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells via the TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070839. [PMID: 34356903 PMCID: PMC8301792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of SB525334 (TGF-β receptor type 1 (TβRI) inhibitor) on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and a peritoneal fibrosis mouse model. In vitro experiments were performed using HPMCs. HPMCs were treated with TGF-β1 and/or SB525334. In vivo experiments were conducted with male C57/BL6 mice. The 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) was intraperitoneally injected with or without SB52534 administration by oral gavage. Mice were euthanized after 28 days. EMT using TGF-β1-treated HPMCs included morphological changes, cell migration and invasion, EMT markers and collagen synthesis. These pathological changes were reversed by co-treatment with SB525334. CG injection was associated with an increase in peritoneal fibrosis and thickness, which functionally resulted in an increase in the glucose absorption via peritoneum. Co-treatment with SB525334 attenuated these changes. The levels of EMT protein markers and immunohistochemical staining for fibrosis showed similar trends. Immunofluorescence staining for EMT markers showed induction of transformed cells with both epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers, which decreased upon co-treatment with SB525334. SB525334 effectively attenuated the TGF-β1-induced EMT in HPMCs. Cotreatment with SB525334 improved peritoneal thickness and fibrosis and recovered peritoneal membrane function in a peritoneal fibrosis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun-Young Do
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-Y.D.); (A.-Y.K.)
| | - Yunmee Lho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - A-Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-Y.D.); (A.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Woon Kim
- Division of Gastro-Enterology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Seok-Hui Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-Y.D.); (A.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-620-3836
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10
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Wang J, Wang Y, Lou Y, Cui W, Zhang Y, Dong W, Sun J, Miao L. Effect of aquaporin 1 on mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells after a long-term peritoneal dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 25:88-96. [PMID: 32311233 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is one member of the aquaporin family, also the deeply studied one. It is widely located on the endothelial cells, but the effect of AQP1 on the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) after long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been reported before. We divided normal mice into two groups, control group and dialysis group, to confirm the fibrotic changes and expression of APQ1 on peritoneal mesothelial cells. Then we assigned normal mice and AQP1 knockout mice into four groups: Control group, normal dialysis group, AQP1 knockout control group and AQP1 knockout dialysis group. The two dialysis groups received 4.25% glucose dialysis for 28 days. We found that mice in both dialysis groups showed peritoneal fibrotic changes, which were most severe in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group; the peritoneal thickness in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group was also thicker than that in the dialysis group (P < .05). We used electron microscopy to detect ultrastructural changes and observed changes in microvilli and vacuolar degeneration in mesothelial cells from all groups except the control group. The basement membranes were damaged in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group, and peritoneal mesothelial cells were disrupted and detached in this group. Together our findings indicate that AQP1 plays an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of peritoneal mesothelial cells, and AQP1 can protect mesothelial cells during dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Dong
- Department of Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Kandasamy M. NF-κB signalling as a pharmacological target in COVID-19: potential roles for IKKβ inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:561-567. [PMID: 33394134 PMCID: PMC7780215 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been characterized by lymphopenia as well as a proinflammatory cytokine storm, which are responsible for the poor prognosis and multiorgan defects. The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) modulates the functions of the immune cells and alters the gene expression profile of different cytokines in response to various pathogenic stimuli, while many proinflammatory factors have been known to induce NF-κB signalling cascade. Besides, NF-κB has been known to potentiate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to apoptosis in various tissues in many diseases and viral infections. Though the reports on the involvement of the NF-κB signalling pathway in COVID-19 are limited, the therapeutic benefits of NF-κB inhibitors including dexamethasone, a synthetic form of glucocorticoid, have increasingly been realized. Considering the fact, the abnormal activation of the NF-κB resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection might be associated with the pathogenic profile of immune cells, cytokine storm and multiorgan defects. Thus, the pharmacological inactivation of the NF-κB signalling pathway can strongly represent a potential therapeutic target to treat the symptomatology of COVID-19. This article signifies pharmacological blockade of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ), a key downstream effector of NF-κB signalling, for a therapeutic consideration to attenuate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India. .,Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India.
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12
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Zheng H, Yang Z, Xin Z, Yang Y, Yu Y, Cui J, Liu H, Chen F. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: a promising candidate in the fight against fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11737-11753. [PMID: 33052244 PMCID: PMC7545984 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis exists in almost all organs/tissues of the human body, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases and is also a hallmark of the aging process. However, there is no effective prevention or therapeutic method for fibrogenesis. As a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr)-protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a vital signaling mediator that participates in a variety of biological events and can inhibit extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, thereby exerting its protective role against the fibrosis of various organs/tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, and kidney. Moreover, we further present the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the GSK-3β pathway during fibrosis and comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK-3β in the regulation of fibrosis and provide several potential targets for research. Collectively, the information reviewed here highlights recent advances vital for experimental research and clinical development, illuminating the possibility of GSK-3β as a novel therapeutic target for the management of tissue fibrosis in the future.
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Kang DH. Loosening of the mesothelial barrier as an early therapeutic target to preserve peritoneal function in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2020; 39:136-144. [PMID: 32576713 PMCID: PMC7321674 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs) including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as an early mechanism of peritoneal dysfunction and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD), producing proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic milieu in the intra-peritoneal cavity. Loosening of intercellular tight adhesion between adjacent MCs as an initial process of EMT creates the environment where mesothelium and submesothelial tissue are more vulnerable to the composition of bio-incompatible dialysates, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, down-regulation of epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin facilitates de novo acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes in MCs and production of extracellular matrices. Major mechanisms underlying the EMT of MCs include induction of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the local renin-angiotensin system. Another mechanism of peritoneal EMT is mitigation of intrinsic defense mechanisms such as the peritoneal antioxidant system and anti-fibrotic peptide production in the peritoneal cavity. In addition to use of less bio-incompatible dialysates and optimum treatment of peritonitis in PD, therapies to prevent or alleviate peritoneal EMT have demonstrated a favorable effect on peritoneal function and structure, suggesting that EMT can be an early interventional target to preserve peritoneal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Melnik D, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Nassef MZ, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D, Krüger M. Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020367. [PMID: 32033410 PMCID: PMC7072698 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment and the formation of spheroids under microgravity conditions can be observed with various types of intrinsically adherent human cells. In particular, for cancer cells this process mimics metastasis and may provide insights into cancer biology and progression that can be used to identify new drug/target combinations for future therapies. By using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), we were able to suppress spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells that were exposed to altered gravity conditions on a random positioning machine. DEX inhibited the growth of three-dimensional cell aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. In the first approach, we analyzed the expression of several factors that are known to be involved in key processes of cancer progression such as autocrine signaling, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and anoikis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and expression patterns of important genes in cancer cell growth and survival, which were further suggested to play a role in three-dimensional aggregation, such as NFKB2, VEGFA, CTGF, CAV1, BCL2(L1), or SNAI1, were clearly affected by DEX. Our data suggest the presence of a more complex regulation network of tumor spheroid formation involving additional signal pathways or individual key players that are also influenced by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melnik
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721-267
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15
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Cordani M, Strippoli R, Somoza Á. Nanomaterials as Inhibitors of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:E25. [PMID: 31861725 PMCID: PMC7017008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a key regulator of cell invasion and metastasis in cancers. Besides the acquisition of migratory/invasive abilities, the EMT process is tightly connected with the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), thus contributing to chemoresistance. However, although EMT represents a relevant therapeutic target for cancer treatment, its application in the clinic is still limited due to various reasons, including tumor-stage heterogeneity, molecular-cellular target specificity, and appropriate drug delivery. Concerning this last point, different nanomaterials may be used to counteract EMT induction, providing novel therapeutic tools against many different cancers. In this review, (1) we discuss the application of various nanomaterials for EMT-based therapies in cancer, (2) we summarize the therapeutic relevance of some of the proposed EMT targets, and (3) we review the potential benefits and weaknesses of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit “Unidad de Nanobiotecnología”, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Jeffers A, Qin W, Owens S, Koenig KB, Komatsu S, Giles FJ, Schmitt DM, Idell S, Tucker TA. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition with 9-ING-41 Attenuates the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18925. [PMID: 31831767 PMCID: PMC6908609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with a median survival of 3 years after diagnosis. Although the etiology of IPF is unknown, it is characterized by extensive alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation of myofibroblasts in the lungs. While the origins of these myofibroblast appear to be diverse, fibroblast differentiation contributes to expansion of myofibroblasts and to disease progression. We found that agents that contribute to neomatrix formation and remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis (PF); TGF-β, Factor Xa, thrombin, plasmin and uPA all induced fibroblast/myofibroblast differentiation. These same mediators enhanced GSK-3β activation via phosphorylation of tyrosine-216 (p-Y216). Inhibition of GSK-3β signaling with the novel inhibitor 9-ING-41 blocked the induction of myofibroblast markers; α-SMA and Col-1 and reduced morphological changes of myofibroblast differentiation. In in vivo studies, the progression of TGF-β and bleomycin mediated PF was significantly attenuated by 9-ING-41 administered at 7 and 14 days respectively after the establishment of injury. Specifically, 9-ING-41 treatment significantly improved lung function (compliance and lung volumes; p < 0.05) of TGF-β adenovirus treated mice compared to controls. Similar results were found in mice with bleomycin-induced PF. These studies clearly show that activation of the GSK-3β signaling pathway is critical for the induction of myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibroblasts ex vivo and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. The results offer a strong premise supporting the continued investigation of the GSK-3β signaling pathway in the control of fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosing lung injury. These data provide a strong rationale for extension of clinical trials of 9-ING-41 to patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Jeffers
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, TX, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Wenyi Qin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Shuzi Owens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen B Koenig
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, TX, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Idell
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, TX, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Torry A Tucker
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, TX, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
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17
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Che X, Wang J, He J, Yu Q, Sun W, Chen S, Zou G, Li T, Guo X, Zhang X. A new trick for an old dog: The application of mifepristone in the treatment of adenomyosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1724-1737. [PMID: 31814282 PMCID: PMC6991631 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is also called internal endometriosis and affects about 20% of reproductive‐aged women. It seriously reduces life quality of patients because current drug therapies face with numerous challenges. Long‐term clinical application of mifepristone exhibits wonderful therapeutic effects with mild side‐effects in many disorders since 1982. Since adenomyosis is a refractory disease, we investigate whether mifepristone can be applied in the treatment of adenomyosis. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of mifepristone on human primary eutopic endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells in adenomyosis. We found that mifepristone causes cell cycle arrest through inhibiting CDK1 and CDK2 expressions and induces cell apoptosis via the mitochondria‐dependent signalling pathway in endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells of adenomyosis. Furthermore, mifepristone inhibits the migration of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells through decreasing CXCR4 expression and restricts the invasion of endometrial epithelial cells via suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in adenomyosis. We also found that mifepristone treatment decreases the uterine volume, CA125 concentration and increases the haemoglobin concentration in serum for adenomyosis patients. Therefore, we demonstrate that mifepristone could serve as a novel therapeutic drug in the treatment of adenomyosis, and therefore, the old dog can do a new trick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Che
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Aziz MAAE, Agarwal K, Dasari S, Mitra AAK. Productive Cross-Talk with the Microenvironment: A Critical Step in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101608. [PMID: 31640297 PMCID: PMC6827352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian cancer patients present with disseminated disease at the time of their diagnosis, which is one of the main reasons for their poor prognosis. Metastasis is a multi-step process and a clear understanding of the mechanism of regulation of these steps remains elusive. Productive reciprocal interactions between the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells and the microenvironment of the metastatic site or the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the successful establishment of metastasis. Much progress has been made in the recent past in our understanding of such interactions and the role of the cellular and acellular components of the microenvironment in establishing the metastatic tumors. This review will outline the role of the microenvironmental components of the ovarian cancer metastatic niche and their role in helping establish the metastatic tumors. Special emphasis will be given to the mesothelial cells, which are the first cells encountered by the cancer cells at the site of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abd El Aziz
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Subramanyam Dasari
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - And Anirban K Mitra
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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19
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Yan X, Zhang W, Kong F, Li Q, Shan W, Zhang C, Han T, Che Y, Zhang Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 by Inactivation of AKT in HMrSV5 Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6972-6979. [PMID: 31527568 PMCID: PMC6761848 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides, including ginsenoside Rg3, are components of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) used in traditional Chinese medicine. Long-term peritoneal dialysis induces peritoneal fibrosis that impairs ultrafiltration and is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on EMT induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Material/Methods The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay measured HMrSV5 cell viability. The expression of EMT markers, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The wound-healing assay determined cell migration. The S-phase of the cell cycle was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling, and expression of phosphorylated AKT was measured by Western blot. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 and the AKT activator SC79 on the TGF-β1-induced EMT of HMrSV5 cells were evaluated. Results Low concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 did not effect cell viability of HMrSV5 cells. TGF-β1 treatment decreased the expression of E-cadherin, and increased the expression of vimentin and α-SMA and promoted cell migration of HMrSV5 cells. However, co-treatment of ginsenoside Rg3 and TGF-β1 significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells. TGF-β1 increased the phosphorylation of AKT and increased the expression of Smurf2. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced TGF-β1-induced activation of AKT and Smurf2. SC79 reversed the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on TGF-β1-induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells. Conclusions Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited EMT induced by TGF-β1 in HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cells by inhibiting the activation of AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fanwu Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qianbo Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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20
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15-Deoxy-Δ-12, 14-prostaglandin J2 acts cooperatively with prednisolone to reduce TGF-β-induced pro-fibrotic pathways in human osteoarthritis fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Lee CH. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Initiation by cues from chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment and termination by anti-inflammatory compounds and specialized pro-resolving lipids. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Xu XF, Liu F, Xin JQ, Fan JW, Wu N, Zhu LJ, Duan LF, Li YY, Zhang H. Respective roles of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members in pancreatic stellate cell activation induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:365-373. [PMID: 29705706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the strongest stimulator inducing fibrosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins (including ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK) are known to contribute to PSC activation and pancreatic fibrosis. Previous studies have identified PSC activation induced by TGF-β1 is related to MAPK pathway, but the respective role of MAPK family members in PSC activation still unclear, and which family member may be the key mediator in mice PSC activation still controversial. In this study, we investigated the influence of different MAPK family member (JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK) on mice PSC activation using an in vivo and in vitro model. The results showed p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 MAPK were all over-expressed in CP group, and p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 MAPK were co-expressed with activated PSC. In vitro, TGF-β1 induced JNK and ERK over-expression in PSCs. In contrast, p38 MAPK expression in PSC showed only a very weak increase. JNK- and ERK-specific inhibitors inhibited FN and α-SMA mRNA expression in PSCs, and a p38 MAPK inhibitor had no effect on PSC activation. These findings indicate that JNK and ERK were directly involved in the PSCs activation induced by TGF-β1 and the development of pancreatic fibrosis. p38 MAPK participate in the progression of CP, but it does not respond to TGF-β1 directly and may not be regarded as the target of TGF-β1 induced PSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xin
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Jian-Wei Fan
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Lin-Jia Zhu
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Li-Fang Duan
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Yong-Yu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China; Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China.
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23
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Ko J, Kang HJ, Kim DA, Ryu ES, Yu M, Lee H, Lee HK, Ryu HM, Park SH, Kim YL, Kang DH. Paricalcitol attenuates TGF‐β1–induced phenotype transition of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs)
via
modulation of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome. FASEB J 2018; 33:3035-3050. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800292rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ko
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dal-Ah Kim
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Ryu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Mina Yu
- Department of Internal MedicineSeonam HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Huisong Lee
- Department of SurgeryEwha Medical Research CenterEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Kook Lee
- Department of SurgeryEwha Medical Research CenterEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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24
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Lupinacci S, Perri A, Toteda G, Vizza D, Puoci F, Parisi OI, Giordano F, Lofaro D, La Russa A, Bonofiglio M, Bonofiglio R. Olive leaf extract counteracts epithelial to mesenchymal transition process induced by peritoneal dialysis, through the inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 35:95-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Namvar S, Woolf AS, Zeef LA, Wilm T, Wilm B, Herrick SE. Functional molecules in mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition revealed by transcriptome analyses. J Pathol 2018; 245:491-501. [PMID: 29774544 PMCID: PMC6055603 DOI: 10.1002/path.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic surgery, and can also be triggered by peritoneal dialysis, resulting in treatment failure. In these settings, fibrosis is driven by activated myofibroblasts that are considered to be partly derived by mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). We hypothesized that, if the molecular signature of MMT could be better defined, these insights could be exploited to block this pathological cellular transition. Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were purified by the use of an antibody against HBME1, a protein present on mesothelial cell microvilli, and streptavidin nanobead technology. After exposure of sorted cells to a well‐known mediator of MMT, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, RNA sequencing was undertaken to define the transcriptomes of mesothelial cells before and during early‐phase MMT. MMT was associated with dysregulation of transcripts encoding molecules involved in insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. The application of either recombinant BMP4 or IGF‐binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced MMT in culture, as judged from the retention of epithelial morphological and molecular phenotypes, and reduced migration. Furthermore, peritoneal tissue from peritoneal dialysis patients showed less prominent immunostaining than control tissue for IGFBP4 and BMP4 on the peritoneal surface. In a mouse model of TGF‐β1‐induced peritoneal thickening, BMP4 immunostaining on the peritoneal surface was attenuated as compared with healthy controls. Finally, genetic lineage tracing of mesothelial cells was used in mice with peritoneal injury. In this model, administration of BMP4 ameliorated the injury‐induced shape change and migration of mesothelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a distinctive MMT signature, and highlight the therapeutic potential for BMP4, and possibly IGFBP4, to reduce MMT. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Namvar
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Ah Zeef
- The Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Wilm
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Herrick
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Razali RA, Nik Ahmad Eid NAH, Jayaraman T, Amir Hassan MA, Azlan NQ, Ismail NF, Sainik NQAV, Yazid MD, Lokanathan Y, Saim AB, Hj Idrus RB. The potential of Olea europaea extracts to prevent TGFβ1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human nasal respiratory epithelial cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 29940929 PMCID: PMC6019306 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the molecular mechanisms involved in upper airway-related diseases is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Olea europaea (OE) has anti-inflammatory properties and thus, great potential to prevent EMT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of OE on EMT in primary nasal human respiratory epithelial cells (RECs). Methods Respiratory epithelial cells were isolated and divided into four groups: control (untreated), treated with 0.05% OE (OE group), EMT induced with 5 ng/ml of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1 group) and treated with 5 ng/ml TGFβ1 + 0.05% OE (TGFβ1 + OE group). The effects of OE treatment on growth kinetics, morphology and protein expression in RECs were evaluated. Immunocytochemistry analysis was performed to quantitate the total percentage of E-cadherin and vimentin expression from day 1 to day 3. Results There were no significant differences between untreated RECs and OE-treated RECs in terms of their morphology, growth kinetics and protein expression. Induction with TGFβ1 caused RECs to have an elongated spindle shape, a slower proliferation rate, a higher expression of vimentin and a lower expression of E-cadherin compared with the control. Cells in the TGFβ1 + OE group had similar epithelial shape to untreated group however it had no significant differences in their proliferation rate when compared to TGFβ1-induced RECs. Cells treated with TGFβ1 + OE showed significantly reduced expression of vimentin and increased expression of E-cadherin compared with the TGFβ1 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The ability of OE to inhibit EMT in RECs was shown by TGFb1-induced EMT REC morphology, growth kinetics and protein expression markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) upon treatment with OE and TGFβ1. Therefore, this study could provide insight into the therapeutic potential of OE to inhibit pathological tissue remodelling and persistent inflammation.
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27
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Guo R, Hao G, Bao Y, Xiao J, Zhan X, Shi X, Luo L, Zhou J, Chen Q, Wei X. MiR-200a negatively regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells by targeting ZEB1/2 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1087-F1095. [PMID: 29357421 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00566.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells was recognized as the key process of peritoneal fibrosis, which is a major cause of peritoneal failure related to peritoneal dialysis (PD), mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-200a was significantly downregulated in peritoneal tissues with fibrosis in a rat model of PD. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT, identified by de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin and a loss of E-cadherin in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), was associated with downregulation of miR-200a but upregulation of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/2), suggesting a close link between miR-200a and ZEB1/2 in TGF-β1-induced EMT. It was further demonstrated that miR-200a was able to bind to the 3′UTR of ZEB1/2, and overexpression of miR-200a blocked TGF-β1-induced upregulation of ZEB1/2 and, therefore, inhibited EMT and collagen expression. In contrast, overexpression ZEB1/2 blocked miR-200a inhibition of EMT and collagen expression in HMPCs. In conclusion, miR-200a could negatively regulate TGF-β1-induced EMT by targeting ZEB1/2 in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Blockade of EMT in HPMCS indicates the therapeutic potential of miR-200a as a treatment for peritoneal fibrosis associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guojun Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital/Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xintian Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Laimin Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Siriwardena SBSM, Tsunematsu T, Qi G, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Invasion-Related Factors as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051462. [PMID: 29758011 PMCID: PMC5983574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid epithelial cancer, the first step during the process of metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into the underlying stroma, breaching the basement membrane (BM)—the natural barrier between epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability to invade and metastasize is a key hallmark of cancer progression, and the most complicated and least understood. These topics continue to be very active fields of cancer research. A number of processes, factors, and signaling pathways are involved in regulating invasion and metastasis. However, appropriate clinical trials for anti-cancer drugs targeting the invasion of OSCC are incomplete. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on invasion-related factors and emerging molecular determinants which can be used as potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadarani B S M Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Acidic organelles mediate TGF-β1-induced cellular fibrosis via (pro)renin receptor and vacuolar ATPase trafficking in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2648. [PMID: 29422602 PMCID: PMC5805675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1, which can cause renal tubular injury through a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase)-mediated pathway, is induced by the glucose degradation product methylglyoxal to yield peritoneal injury and fibrosis. The present study investigated the roles of V-ATPase and its accessory protein, the (pro)renin receptor, in peritoneal fibrosis during peritoneal dialysis. Rats daily administered 20 mM methylglyoxal intraperitoneally developed significant peritoneal fibrosis after 7 days with increased expression of TGF-β and V-ATPase, which was reduced by the inhibition of V-ATPase with co-administration of 100 mM bafilomycin A1. The (pro)renin receptor and V-ATPase were expressed in acidic organelles and cell membranes of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of collagens, α-SMA, and EDA-fibronectin, together with ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which was reduced by inhibition of V-ATPase, (pro)renin receptor, or the MAPK pathway. Fibronectin and the soluble (pro)renin receptor were excreted from cells by acidic organelle trafficking in response to TGF-β1; this excretion was also suppressed by inhibition of V-ATPase. Soluble (pro)renin receptor concentrations in effluents of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were associated with the dialysate-to-plasma ratio of creatinine. Together, these results demonstrate a novel fibrosis mechanism through the (pro)renin receptor and V-ATPase in the acidic organelles of peritoneal mesothelial cells.
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30
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Feng XL, Fei HZ, Hu L. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2801-2806. [PMID: 29435007 PMCID: PMC5778831 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, and are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dexamethasone (DEX) serves an important function in the regulation of lung cancer cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms involved still remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of DEX on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined, in addition to the potential downstream regulatory mechanisms underlying these effects. A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of DEX at 12, 24 and 48 h time points, followed by the addition of SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor, to block the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a 3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt. The apoptosis rate was measured by Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad family member 2 (Smad2) and caspase-3 were assessed by western blot. The results from the present study demonstrated that the proliferation of A549 cells decreased and the apoptosis rate significantly increased following DEX treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2 and caspase-3 were significantly increased following DEX stimulation (P<0.05), the effects of which were abrogated by the addition of the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, SB431542 (P<0.05). DEX-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, and this effect was abrogated by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor signaling, which indicated that the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway may be associated with this process and SB431542 may function as an antitumor drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Zhi Fei
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
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31
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Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Blocks Mesomesenchymal Transition and Attenuates Streptococcus pneumonia-Mediated Pleural Injury in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2461-2472. [PMID: 29073967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pleural loculation affects about 30,000 patients annually in the United States and in severe cases can resolve with restrictive lung disease and pleural fibrosis. Pleural mesothelial cells contribute to pleural rind formation by undergoing mesothelial mesenchymal transition (MesoMT), whereby they acquire a profibrotic phenotype characterized by increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen 1. Components of the fibrinolytic pathway (urokinase plasminogen activator and plasmin) are elaborated in pleural injury and strongly induce MesoMT in vitro. These same stimuli enhance glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activity through increased phosphorylation of Tyr-216 in pleural mesothelial cells and GSK-3β mobilization from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. GSK-3β down-regulation blocked induction of MesoMT. Likewise, GSK-3β inhibitor 9ING41 blocked induction of MesoMT and reversed established MesoMT. Similar results were demonstrated in a mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced empyema. Intraperitoneal administration of 9ING41, after the induction of pleural injury, attenuated injury progression and improved lung function (lung volume and compliance; P < 0.05 compared with untreated and vehicle controls). MesoMT marker α-smooth muscle actin was reduced in 9ING41-treated mice. Pleural thickening was also notably reduced in 9ING41-treated mice (P < 0.05). Collectively, these studies identify GSK-3β as a newly identified target for amelioration of empyema-related pleural fibrosis and provide a strong rationale for further investigation of GSK-3β signaling in the control of MesoMT and pleural injury.
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32
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Wu J, Xing C, Zhang L, Mao H, Chen X, Liang M, Wang F, Ren H, Cui H, Jiang A, Wang Z, Zou M, Ji Y. Autophagy promotes fibrosis and apoptosis in the peritoneum during long-term peritoneal dialysis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1190-1201. [PMID: 29077259 PMCID: PMC5783841 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is accompanied by functional and histopathological alterations in the peritoneal membrane. In the long process of peritoneal dialysis, high-glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (HGPDS) will aggravate the peritoneal fibrosis, leading to decreased effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis and ultrafiltration failure. In this study, we found that the coincidence of elevated TGF-β1 expression, autophagy, apoptosis and fibrosis in peritoneal membrane from patients with peritoneal dialysis. The peritoneal membranes from patients were performed with immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were treated with 1.5%, 2.5% and 4.25% HGPDS for 24 hrs; Human peritoneal mesothelial cells pre-treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) or transfected with siRNA Beclin1 were treated with 4.25% HGPDS or vehicle for 24 hrs. We further detected the production of TGF-β1, activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling, induction of autophagy, EMT, fibrosis and apoptosis. We also explored whether autophagy inhibition by siRNA targeting Beclin 1 reduces EMT, fibrosis and apoptosis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. HGPDS increased TGF-β1 production, activated TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling and induced autophagy, fibrosis and apoptosis hallmarks in human peritoneal mesothelial cells; HGPDS-induced Beclin 1-dependent autophagy in human peritoneal mesothelial cells; Autophagy inhibition by siRNA Beclin 1 reduced EMT, fibrosis and apoptosis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Taken all together, these studies are expected to open a new avenue in the understanding of peritoneal fibrosis, which may guide us to explore the compounds targeting autophagy and achieve the therapeutic improvement of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Ren
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin Jiang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zibin Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Metformin ameliorates the Phenotype Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Peritoneal Fibrosis via a modulation of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5690. [PMID: 28720775 PMCID: PMC5515908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneum is an early mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis. Metformin, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has recently received a new attention due to its preventive effect on organ fibrosis and cancer metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated the effect of metformin on EMT of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and animal model of peritoneal dialysis (PD). TGF-β1-induced EMT in HPMC was ameliorated by metformin. Metformin alleviated NAPDH oxidase- and mitochondria-mediated ROS production with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 expression. Metformin inhibited the activation of Smad2/3 and MAPK, GSK-3β phosphorylation, nuclear translocalization of β-catenin and Snail in HPMCs. Effect of metformin on TGF-β1-induced EMT was ameliorated by either AMPK inhibitor or AMPK gene silencing. Another AMPK agonist, 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide partially blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT. In animal model of PD, intraperitoneal metformin decreased the peritoneal thickness and EMT with an increase in ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and the expression of SOD whereas it decreased the expression of nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, a modulation of AMPK in peritoneum can be a novel tool to prevent peritoneal fibrosis by providing a favorable oxidant/anti-oxidant milieu in peritoneal cavity and ameliorating phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells.
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34
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Yang HW, Lee SA, Shin JM, Park IH, Lee HM. Glucocorticoids ameliorate TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of airway epithelium through MAPK and Snail/Slug signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3486. [PMID: 28615628 PMCID: PMC5471256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is closely associated with tissue remodeling. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process of tissue remodeling, can be a therapeutic target of CRSwNP. Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that is used primarily in medical therapy for patients with CRSwNP; however, their effects on EMT in the airway epithelium remain unknown. To investigate the effects of dexamethasone and fluticasone propionate, a class of glucocorticoids, on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) -induced EMT, we used A549 cells, human primary nasal epithelial cells (hPNECs) and ex vivo organ culture of the inferior turbinate. TGF-β1 induced changes in cell morphology, suppressed the expression of E-cadherin and enhanced the expression of a-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and fibronectin in A549 cells. However, glucocorticoids inhibited EMT, migration and invasion enhancement by TGF-β1. We found that the induction of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and the activity of Snail and Slug transcription factors by TGF-β1 were suppressed by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also had a similar effect in hPNECs and ex vivo organ cultures of the inferior turbinate. These findings suggest that glucocorticoids might be a useful therapy for preventing tissue remodeling by blocking the EMT initiated by TGF-β1-induced MAPK and Snail/Slug signaling pathways in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research-Driven Hospital, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Research-Driven Hospital, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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35
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Lopez-Anton M, Lambie M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Schmitt CP, Ruiz-Carpio V, Bartosova M, Schaefer B, Davies S, Stone T, Jenkins R, Taylor PR, Topley N, Bowen T, Fraser D. miR-21 Promotes Fibrogenesis in Peritoneal Dialysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1537-1550. [PMID: 28495592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life-saving form of renal replacement therapy for those with end-stage kidney disease. Mesothelial cells (MCs) line the peritoneal cavity and help define peritoneal response to treatment-associated injury, a major reason for treatment failure. miRNAs are important regulators, but their roles in peritoneal fibrosis are largely unknown. In this study, miR-21 was one of the most abundant miRNAs in primary MCs, and was up-regulated by the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 and in PD effluent-derived MCs exhibiting mesenchymal phenotypic change. Increased miR-21 was found in peritoneal membrane biopsy specimens from PD patients compared to healthy controls (PD biocompatible, 5.86×, P = 0.0001; PD conventional, 7.09×, P < 0.0001, n = 11 per group). In PD effluent from a cohort of 230 patients, miR-21 was higher in those receiving the therapy long-term compared to new starters (n = 230, miR-21 3.26×, P = 0.001) and associated with icodextrin use (R = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.20-0.84), peritonitis count (R = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.29), and dialysate cytokines. miR-21 down-regulated programmed cell death 4 and programmed cell death 4 protein was decreased in peritoneal membrane biopsy specimens from PD patients compared to healthy controls. New miR-21 targets were identified that may be important during PD fibrogenesis. These data identify miR-21 as an important effector of fibrosis in the peritoneal membrane, and a promising biomarker in the dialysis effluent for membrane change in patients receiving PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Lopez-Anton
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manuel Lopez-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Ruiz-Carpio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Stone
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Jenkins
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Topley
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Fraser
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Shi J, Yu M, Sheng M. Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Adipocytes. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:209-219. [PMID: 28478435 DOI: 10.1159/000476017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are the most common complications in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD), resulting in progressive peritoneum remolding and, eventually, utrafiltration failure. Contributing to the deeper tissue under the peritoneal membrane, adipocytes play a neglected role in this process. Some adipokines act as inflammatory and angiogenic promoters, while others have the opposite effects. Adipokines, together with inflammatory factors and other cytokines, modulate inflammation and neovascularization in a coordinated fashion. This review will also emphasize cellular regulators and their crosstalk in long-term PD. Understanding the molecular mechanism, targeting changes in adipocytes and regulating adipokine secretion will help extend therapeutic methods for preventing inflammation and angiogenesis in PD.
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Horizontal alignment of 5' -> 3' intergene distance segment tropy with respect to the gene as the conserved basis for DNA transcription. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO160. [PMID: 28344824 PMCID: PMC5351715 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the conserved basis for gene expression in comparative cell types at opposite ends of the cell pressuromodulation spectrum, the lymphatic endothelial cell and the blood microvascular capillary endothelial cell. METHODS The mechanism for gene expression is studied in terms of the 5' -> 3' direction paired point tropy quotients (prpTQs) and the final 5' -> 3' direction episodic sub-episode block sums split-integrated weighted average-averaged gene overexpression tropy quotient (esebssiwaagoTQ). RESULTS The final 5' -> 3' esebssiwaagoTQ classifies an lymphatic endothelial cell overexpressed gene as a supra-pressuromodulated gene (esebssiwaagoTQ ≥ 0.25 < 0.75) every time and classifies a blood microvascular capillary endothelial cell overexpressed gene every time as an infra-pressuromodulated gene (esebssiwaagoTQ < 0.25) (100% sensitivity; 100% specificity). CONCLUSION Horizontal alignment of 5' -> 3' intergene distance segment tropy wrt the gene is the basis for DNA transcription in the pressuromodulated state.
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Agarwalla P, Mukherjee S, Sreedhar B, Banerjee R. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated delivery of nano gold-withaferin conjugates for reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor regression. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2529-46. [PMID: 27622735 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential of glucocorticoid receptor-targeted nano-gold formulation as antitumor drug sensitizing agent. MATERIALS & METHODS Simultaneous conjugation of gold nanoparticle with thiol-modified dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid and anticancer drug withaferin A afforded stable gold nanoparticle-modifed dexamethasone-withaferin A nanoconjugate. RESULTS This metallic nanoparticle formulation showed glucocorticoid receptor-dependent cancer cell selective cytotoxicity, inhibited growth of aggressive mouse melanoma tumor, reduced mice mortality, while reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. Same treatment also leads to near-complete downregulation of ABCG2 drug transporter in tumor-associated cells thus attributing it to its drug sensitizing ability. CONCLUSION The presently synthesized nanoconjugate holds a great promise to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reversal in tumor cells preventing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Agarwalla
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Bojja Sreedhar
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
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Horejs CM. Basement membrane fragments in the context of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:427-440. [PMID: 27397693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables cells of epithelial phenotype to become motile and change to a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is known to be a fundamental requisite for tissue morphogenesis, and EMT-related pathways have been described in cancer metastasis and tissue fibrosis. Epithelial structures are marked by the presence of a sheet-like extracellular matrix, the basement membrane, which is assembled from two major proteins, laminin and collagen type IV. This specialized matrix is essential for tissue function and integrity, and provides an important barrier to the potential pathogenic migration of cells. The profound phenotypic transition in EMT involves the epithelial cells disrupting the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to cleave components of basement membranes, but MMP-basement membrane crosstalk during EMT in vivo is poorly understood. However, MMPs have been reported to play a role in EMT-related processes and a variety of basement membrane fragments have been shown to be released by specific MMPs in vitro and in vivo exhibiting distinct biological activities. This review discusses general considerations regarding the basement membrane in the context of EMT, a possible role for specific MMPs in EMT and highlights biologically active basement membrane fragments liberated by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles vaeg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Man XY, Chen XB, Li W, Landeck L, Dou TT, Chen JQ, Zhou J, Cai SQ, Zheng M. Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes. Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150032. [PMID: 26269426 PMCID: PMC4554915 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is similar to endpoints of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process of epithelial cells transformed into fibroblast-like cells. The molecular epithelial and mesenchymal markers were analysed in psoriatic keratinocytes. No obvious alteration of epithelial markers E-cadherin (E-cad), keratin 10 (K10), K14 and K16 was detected in psoriatic keratinocytes. However, significantly increased expression of Vim, FN, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and Slug was seen. IL-17A and IL-13 at 50 ng ml−1 strongly decreased expression of K10, Vim and FN. TGF-β1 at 50 ng ml−1 promoted the production of N-cad, Vim, FN and PAI-1. Slug was decreased by dexamethasone (Dex), but E-cad was upregulated by Dex. Silencing of ERK partially increased E-cad and K16, but remarkably inhibited K14, FN, Vim, β-catenin, Slug and α5 integrin. Moreover, inhibition of Rho and GSK3 by their inhibitors Y27632 and SB216763, respectively, strongly raised E-cad, β-catenin and Slug. Dex decreased Y27632-mediated increase of β-catenin. Dex at 2.0 µM inhibited SB216763-regulated E-cad, β-catenin and slug. In conclusion, EMT in psoriatic keratinocytes may be defined as an intermediate phenotype of type 2 EMT. ERK, Rho and GSK3 play active roles in the process of EMT in psoriatic keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilla Landeck
- Department of Dermatology, Ernst von Bergmann General Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Charité-University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ting-Ting Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui-Qing Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Yin J, Ding H, Zhang C, Gao YS. Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Damage of Blood Vessels by Glucocorticoid: a Potential Mechanism for Its Protective Effects in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:776-85. [PMID: 27313492 PMCID: PMC4910597 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid has been reported to decrease blood vessel number and harm the blood supply in the femoral head, which is recognized to be an important mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). To prevent glucocorticoid-induced ONFH, medication that promotes both bone formation and angiogenesis would be ideal. Vitamin K2 has been revealed to play an important role in bone metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the effect of Vitamin K2 on new vascular formation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether Vitamin K2 promoted new blood vessel formation in the presence of glucocorticoids, both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of Vitamin K2 on viability, migration, in vitro tube formation, and VEGF, vWF, CD31, KDR, Flt and PDGFB in EAhy926 incubated with or without dexamethasone were elucidated. VEGF, TGF-β and BMP-2, angiogenesis-related proteins secreted by osteoblasts, were also detected in the osteoblast-like cell line of MG63. In addition, blood vessels of the femoral head in rats administered with or without methylprednisolone and Vitamin K2 were evaluated using angiography and CD31 staining. In vitro studies showed that Vitamin K2 significantly protected endothelial cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, promoted endothelial cell migration and in vitro tube formation. Angiogenesis-related proteins both in EAhy926 and MG63 were also upregulated by Vitamin K2 when cotreated with dexamethasone. In vivo studies showed enhanced blood vessel volume and CD31-positive staining cells in rats cotreated with VK2 and methylprednisolone compared to rats treated with methylprednisolone only. Collectively, Vitamin K2 has the ability to promote angiogenesis in vitro and to ameliorate vessels of the femoral head in glucocorticoid-treated rats in vivo, indicating that Vitamin K2 is a promising drug that may be used to prevent steroid-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Jin X, Ren S, Macarak E, Rosenbloom J. Pathobiological mechanisms of peritoneal adhesions: The mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by TGF-β1 and IL-6 requires activation of Erk1/2 and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation. Matrix Biol 2016; 51:55-64. [PMID: 26825317 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions, primarily caused by surgical procedures, are the leading cause of pelvic pain, bowel obstruction, and infertility. TGF-β1 and IL-6 have been found to be elevated in the peritoneal fluid of patients during/after abdominal surgery. However, it remains to be determined whether these cytokines interact and facilitate adhesion formation by promoting mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT). In the present study, isolated rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were treated with TGF-β1 and/or IL-6 which elicited MMT as determined by morphologic and biochemical techniques. During this transition, cellular morphology changed from that of cobblestone polygonal cells to elongated/spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells. There was decreased expression of genes characteristic of mesothelial cells, such as E-cadherin, and increased expression of genes characteristic of the myofibroblast phenotype, including α-smooth muscle actin and the EDA form of fibronectin, both of which appear to mediate the transfer of force to the extracellular matrix. Partial characterization of relevant signaling pathways identified Erk1/2 activation, which was enhanced by combined TGF-β1/IL-6 administration, as a crucial necessary factor in the transition. Erk1/2 activation as well as the phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad2 and MMT could be blocked by the MEK inhibitor, U0126, suggesting that such activation may be a potential pharmaceutical target to prevent MMT. In addition, the phenotypic transition could be prevented by hydrocortisone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jin
- Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, United States; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shumei Ren
- Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, United States; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Edward Macarak
- Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, United States; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Joel Rosenbloom
- Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, United States; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Han S, Bui NT, Ho MT, Kim YM, Cho M, Shin DB. Dexamethasone Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Cell Migration by Regulating the ERK and AKT Pathways in Human Colon Cancer Cells Via CYR61. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:1141-53. [PMID: 26693911 PMCID: PMC4946372 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the features in cancer development is the migration of cancer cells to form metastatic lesions. CYR61 protein promotes migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in several cancer cell types. Evidence suggests that CYR61 and dexamethasone are relevant to colorectal cancer. However, relationships between them and colorectal cancer are still unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer progression related with CYR61 and dexamethasone, which is widely used for combination chemotherapy, is necessary for improved therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used colorectal cancer cells, HCT116, co-treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and dexamethasone to examine the inhibitory migration effect of dexamethasone by migratory assay. Alternatively, both migratory pathways, expression of AKT and ERK, and the target factor CYR61 was also tested by co-treatment with TGF-β1 and dexamethasone. RESULTS We report that dexamethasone significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell migration, without affecting cell proliferation. Importantly, we observed that TGF-β1 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and that dexamethasone co-treatment abolished this effect. ERK and AKT signaling pathways were found to mediate TGF-β1-induced migration, which was inhibited by dexamethasone. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment induced CYR61 expression whereas dexamethasone reduced it. These observations were compatible with the modulation of migration observed following treatment of HCT116 cells with human recombinant CYR61 and anti-CYR61 antibody. Our results also indicated that TGF-β1 enhanced collagen I and reduced matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression, which was reversed by dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that dexamethasone inhibits AKT and ERK phosphorylation, leading to decreased CYR61 expression, which in turn blocks TGF-β1-induced migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ngoc Thuy Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Manh Tin Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Mee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong Bok Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Liu Y, Dong Z, Liu H, Zhu J, Liu F, Chen G. Transition of mesothelial cell to fibroblast in peritoneal dialysis: EMT, stem cell or bystander? Perit Dial Int 2015; 35:14-25. [PMID: 25700459 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to fibrotic changes in the peritoneum, characterized by loss of mesothelial cells (MCs) and thickening of the submesothelial area with an accumulation of collagen and myofibroblasts. The origin of myofibroblasts is a central question in peritoneal fibrosis that remains unanswered at present. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have suggested that MCs, through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contribute to the pool of peritoneal myofibroblasts. However, recent work has placed significant doubts on the paradigm of EMT in organ fibrogenesis (in the kidney particularly), highlighting the need to reconsider the role of EMT in the generation of myofibroblasts in peritoneal fibrosis. In particular, selective cell isolation and lineage-tracing experiments have suggested the existence of progenitor cells in the peritoneum, which are able to switch to fibroblast-like cells when stimulated by the local environment. These findings highlight the plastic nature of MCs and its contribution to peritoneal fibrogenesis. In this review, we summarize the key findings and caveats of EMT in organ fibrogenesis, with a focus on PD-related peritoneal fibrosis, and discuss the potential of peritoneal MCs as a source of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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New developments in peritoneal fibroblast biology: implications for inflammation and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:134708. [PMID: 26495280 PMCID: PMC4606153 DOI: 10.1155/2015/134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uraemia and long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to fibrotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane, which may limit its dialytic function. Peritoneal fibrosis is associated with the appearance of myofibroblasts and expansion of extracellular matrix. The extent of contribution of resident peritoneal fibroblasts to these changes is a matter of debate. Recent studies point to a significant heterogeneity and complexity of the peritoneal fibroblast population. Here, we review recent developments in peritoneal fibroblast biology and summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of peritoneal fibroblasts in peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a novel target to ameliorate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1157-73. [PMID: 26192086 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells are known to be the earliest mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with an unfolded protein response is regarded to have a role in the development of organ fibrosis. To investigate the potential role of ER stress as a target to prevent and/or delay the development of peritoneal fibrosis, we examined the effect of ER stress on EMT or apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of ER stress preconditioning on TGF-β1-induced EMT. ER stress inducers, tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG), induced EMT with Smad2/3 phosphorylation, an increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and Snail expression. Low concentrations of TM and TG did not induce apoptosis within 48 h; however, high concentrations of TM- (>1 ng/ml) and TG- (>1 nM) induced apoptosis at 12 h with a persistent increase in C/EBP homologous protein. TGF-β1 induced EMT and apoptosis in HPMCs, which was ameliorated by taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid, an ER stress blocker. Interestingly, pre-treatment with TM or TG for 4 h also protected the cells from TGF-β1-induced EMT and apoptosis, demonstrating the role of ER stress as an adaptive response to protect HPMCs from EMT and apoptosis. Peritoneal mesothelial cells isolated from PD patients displayed an increase in GRP78/94, which was correlated with the degree of EMT. These findings suggest that the modulation of ER stress in HPMCs could serve as a novel approach to ameliorate peritoneal damage in PD patients.
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The Mesothelial Origin of Carcinoma Associated-Fibroblasts in Peritoneal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1994-2011. [PMID: 26426054 PMCID: PMC4695872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex and unstructured organs that, in addition to cancer cells, also contain other cell types. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an important population in the tumor microenviroment and participate in several stages of tumor progression, including cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, such as ovarian or gastrointestinal, disseminate through the peritoneal fluid and colonize the peritoneum. Tumor cells metastasize by attaching to and invading through the mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer that lines the peritoneal cavity, then colonizing the submesothelial compact zone where CAFs accumulate. CAFs may derive from different sources depending on the surrounding metastatic niche. In peritoneal metastasis, a sizeable subpopulation of CAFs originates from MCs through a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), which promotes adhesion, invasion, vascularization and subsequent tumor growth. The bidirectional communication between cancer cells and MC-derived CAFs via secretion of a wide range of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix components seems to be crucial for the establishment and progression of the metastasis in the peritoneum. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of novel advances in understanding how peritoneal CAFs provide cancer cells with a supportive microenvironment, as well as the development of future therapeutic approaches by interfering with the MMT in the peritoneum.
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Xu W, Yang Z, Lu N. A new role for the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:317-24. [PMID: 26241004 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1016686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is not only a sign of disease severity but also a major factor causing treatment failure and cancer-related death. Therefore, studies on the molecular mechanisms of tumor metastasis are critical for the development of treatments and for the improvement of survival. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an orderly, polygenic biological process that plays an important role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. The complex, multi-step process of EMT involves multiple regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can affect the EMT in a variety of ways to influence tumor aggressiveness. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms related to the EMT can provide a theoretical basis for the early prediction of tumor progression as well as targeted therapy.
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Key Words
- CK, cytokeratin
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
- ILK, integrin-linked kinase
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
- PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKB, protein kinase B
- PKC, protein kinase C
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- YB-1, Y-box binding protein-1
- anti-cancer therapy
- bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix protein
- extracellular matrix
- transcription factors
- tumor aggressiveness
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- a Department of Gastroenterology ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University ; Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
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Strippoli R, Loureiro J, Moreno V, Benedicto I, Pérez Lozano ML, Barreiro O, Pellinen T, Minguet S, Foronda M, Osteso MT, Calvo E, Vázquez J, López Cabrera M, del Pozo MA. Caveolin-1 deficiency induces a MEK-ERK1/2-Snail-1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis during peritoneal dialysis. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:102-23. [PMID: 25550395 PMCID: PMC4309670 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of renal replacement therapy whose repeated use can alter dialytic function through induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis, eventually leading to PD discontinuation. The peritoneum from Cav1−/− mice showed increased EMT, thickness, and fibrosis. Exposure of Cav1−/− mice to PD fluids further increased peritoneal membrane thickness, altered permeability, and increased the number of FSP-1/cytokeratin-positive cells invading the sub-mesothelial stroma. High-throughput quantitative proteomics revealed increased abundance of collagens, FN, and laminin, as well as proteins related to TGF-β activity in matrices derived from Cav1−/− cells. Lack of Cav1 was associated with hyperactivation of a MEK-ERK1/2-Snail-1 pathway that regulated the Smad2-3/Smad1-5-8 balance. Pharmacological blockade of MEK rescued E-cadherin and ZO-1 inter-cellular junction localization, reduced fibrosis, and restored peritoneal function in Cav1−/− mice. Moreover, treatment of human PD-patient-derived MCs with drugs increasing Cav1 levels, as well as ectopic Cav1 expression, induced re-acquisition of epithelial features. This study demonstrates a pivotal role of Cav1 in the balance of epithelial versus mesenchymal state and suggests targets for the prevention of fibrosis during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesús Loureiro
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moreno
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Benedicto
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Pérez Lozano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Osteso
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López Cabrera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel del Pozo
- Department of Vascular biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Xiao L, Zhou X, Liu F, Hu C, Zhu X, Luo Y, Wang M, Xu X, Yang S, Kanwar YS, Sun L. MicroRNA-129-5p modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting SIP1 and SOX4 during peritoneal dialysis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:817-832. [PMID: 25961171 PMCID: PMC4863710 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the most readily feasible home-dialysis method for renal replacement therapy. However, repeated use of PD can lead to induction of mesothelial/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT/EMT) and fibrosis, eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure and discontinuation of PD. MicroRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) is believed to be a potent downstream inhibitor of TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis, but the effect of miR-129-5p on MMT/EMT relevant to PD is unknown. In this study, as determined by microRNA array analysis and confirmed by northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miRNA-129-5p is decreased in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent of patients having PD for more than 6 months extending to several years compared with those who have undergone PD for less than 6 months. The decreased expression of miR-129-5p was accompanied with alterations in EMT-related genes and the expression of respective proteins in vivo. In addition, in in vitro studies we noted that the expression of E-cadherin and claudin-1 were significantly reduced with increased cell migration in HMrSV5, a human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HPMC), treated with TGF-β1, whereas expression of vimentin, fibronectin and transcription factors SIP1 and SOX4 increased significantly, as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, alteration in EMT-related genes and proteins were reversed by overexpression of miR-129-5p. No effect was observed in cells treated with miR-negative control. Meanwhile, inhibition of SIP1 and SOX4 with their respective siRNA also could decrease the expression of EMT-related genes and protein levels in HPMCs induced with TGF-β1. Finally, we demonstrate that SIP1 can inhibit the promoter activity of E-cadherin while enhancing the promoter activity of vimentin. We also observed that miR-129-5p could directly target the 3'UTR of SIP1 and SOX4 genes, and repressed their post-transcriptional activities. These data suggest that there is a novel TGF-β1/miR-129-5p/SIP-1 or SOX4 pathway that has a significant role in MMT and fibrosis in the setting of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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