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Malacco NL, Michi AN, Siciliani E, Madrigal AG, Sternlieb T, Fontes G, King IL, Cestari I, Jardim A, Stevenson MM, Lopes F. Helminth-derived metabolites induce tolerogenic functional, metabolic, and transcriptional signatures in dendritic cells that attenuate experimental colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.26.525718. [PMID: 39211070 PMCID: PMC11360915 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases in which abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue collectively result in diminished quality of patient life. The disappearance of intestinal helminth infections in Western societies is associated with an increased prevalence of IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Evidence indicates that helminths induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs), which promote intestinal tolerance and attenuate intestinal inflammation characteristic of IBD, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Helminth-derived excretory-secretory (HES) products including macromolecules, proteins, and polysaccharides have been shown to modulate the antigen presenting function of DCs with down-stream effects on effector CD4 + T cells. Previous studies indicate that DCs in helminth-infected animals induce tolerance to unrelated antigens and DCs exposed to HES display phenotypic and functional features of tolDCs. Here, we identify that nonpolar metabolites (HnpM) produced by a helminth, the murine gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), induce tolDCs as evidenced by decreased LPS-induced TNF and increased IL-10 secretion and reduced expression of MHC-II, CD86, and CD40. Furthermore, these DCs inhibited OVA-specific CD4 + T cell proliferation and induced CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Adoptive transfer of HnpM-induced tolDCs attenuated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation characteristic of IBD. Mechanistically, HnpM induced metabolic and transcriptional signatures in BMDCs consistent with tolDCs. Collectively, our findings provide groundwork for further investigation into novel mechanisms regulating DC tolerance and the role of helminth secreted metabolites in attenuating intestinal inflammation associated with IBD. Summary Sentence: Metabolites produced by Heligmosomoides polygyrus induce metabolic and transcriptional changes in DCs consistent with tolDCs, and adoptive transfer of these DCs attenuated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation.
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Sawoo R, Bishayi B. TLR4/TNFR1 blockade suppresses STAT1/STAT3 expression and increases SOCS3 expression in modulation of LPS-induced macrophage responses. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152840. [PMID: 39126792 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to the urgent need to create appropriate treatment techniques, which are currently unavailable, LPS-induced sepsis has become a serious concern on a global scale. The primary active component in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis is the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS interacts with cell surface TLR4 in macrophages, causing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α, IL-1β and oxidative stress. It also significantly activates the MAPKs and NF-κB pathway. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is one of the primary characteristic features in the onset and progression of inflammation. Cytokines mainly signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. We hypothesize that blocking of TLR4 along with TNFR1 might be beneficial in suppressing the effects of STAT1/STAT3 due to the stimulation of SOCS3 proteins. Prior to the LPS challenge, the macrophages were treated with antibodies against TLR4 and TNFR1 either individually or in combination. On analysis of the macrophage populations by flowcytometry, it was seen that receptor blockade facilitated the phenotypic shift of the M1 macrophages towards M2 resulting in lowered oxidative stress. Blocking of TLR4/TNFR1 upregulated the SOCS3 and mTOR expressions that enabled the transition of inflammatory M1 macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which might be crucial in curbing the inflammatory responses. Also the reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β due to the reduction in the activation of the STAT1 and STAT3 molecules was observed in our combination treatment group. All these results indicated that neutralization of both TLR4 and TNFR1 might provide new insights in establishing an alternative therapeutic strategy for LPS-sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritasha Sawoo
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Igoshin AV, Romashov GA, Yurchenko AA, Yudin NS, Larkin DM. Scans for Signatures of Selection in Genomes of Wagyu and Buryat Cattle Breeds Reveal Candidate Genes and Genetic Variants for Adaptive Phenotypes and Production Traits. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2059. [PMID: 39061521 PMCID: PMC11274160 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Past and ongoing selection shapes the genomes of livestock breeds. Identifying such signatures of selection allows for uncovering the genetic bases of affected phenotypes, including economically important traits and environmental adaptations, for the further improvement of breed genetics to respond to climate and economic challenges. Turano-Mongolian cattle are a group of taurine breeds known for their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and outstanding production performance. Buryat Turano-Mongolian cattle are among the few breeds adapted to cold climates and poor forage. Wagyu, on the other hand, is famous for high productivity and unique top-quality marbled meat. We used hapFLK, the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS), PBS, and FST methods to search for signatures of selection in their genomes. The scans revealed signals in genes related to cold adaptation (e.g., STAT3, DOCK5, GSTM3, and CXCL8) and food digestibility (SI) in the Buryat breed, and growth and development traits (e.g., RBFOX2 and SHOX2) and marbling (e.g., DGAT1, IQGAP2, RSRC1, and DIP2B) in Wagyu. Several putatively selected genes associated with reproduction, immunity, and resistance to pathogens were found in both breed genomes. The results of our work could be used for creating new productive adapted breeds or improving the extant breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Igoshin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.I.)
| | - Grigorii A. Romashov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.I.)
| | - Andrey A. Yurchenko
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nikolay S. Yudin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.I.)
| | - Denis M. Larkin
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Zhang W, Peng Q, Huang X, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Li F, Zheng N, Shi B, Fan Z, Maj T, Chen R. Commensal microbiome dysbiosis elicits interleukin-8 signaling to drive fibrotic skin disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae273. [PMID: 39081787 PMCID: PMC11287872 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is an intensely studied topic involved in many relevant pathophysiological processes, including fibrosis. Despite the large interest in fibrosis, the network that is related to commensal microbiota and skin fibrosis remains mysterious. Here, we pay attention to keloid, a classical yet intractable skin fibrotic disease to establish the association between commensal microbiota to scaring tissue. Our histological data reveal the presence of microbiota in the keloids. 16S rRNA sequencing characterizes microbial composition and divergence between the pathological and normal skin tissues. Moreover, the data show elevation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in both the circulation and keloid tissue, which elicited the collagen accumulation and migratory program of dermal fibroblasts via CXCR1/2 receptor. Our research provides insights into the pathology of human fibrotic diseases, advocating commensal bacteria and IL-8 signaling as useful targets in future interventions of recurrent keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qili Peng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Binhai Second Road 1155, Ningbo 315600, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Naisheng Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binsheng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Binhai Second Road 1155, Ningbo 315600, China
| | - Tomasz Maj
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai 200240, China
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Ji X, Hu Q, Yang C, Huang L, Huang Y, Deng L, Song X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Modified Hongteng Baijiang decoction enema improves sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease by regulating the LIF/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and gut microbiota. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1300. [PMID: 38896093 PMCID: PMC11186298 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (SPID) are major causes of secondary infertility. Modified Hongteng Baijiang decoction (MHTBD) has produced positive results in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease; however, its role in SPID remains elusive. Therefore, this study clarified the role of MHTBD in SPID pathogenesis. METHODS The main components in MHTBD were analyzed by using liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC/MS). An SPID rat model was established, and the rats were treated with different doses of MHTBD (0.504 g of raw drug/kg, 1.008 g of raw drug/kg, and 2.016 g of raw drug/kg). Endometrial pinopodes were observed via scanning electron microscopy, endometrial thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed via HE staining, and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin β3 (ITGB3), and CD31 in the endometrium was detected by using immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of LIF, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in the endometrium. Moreover, the changes in the gut microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS MHTBD improved endometrial receptivity, attenuated endometrial pathologic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased ER and PR expression in the endometrium, and promoted the expression of LIF, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the endometrium (p < .05) in SPID rats. Additionally, MHTBD treatment affected the composition of the gut microbiota in SPID rats. Furthermore, MHTBD attenuated endometrial receptivity and pathological damage in SPID rats by promoting the LIF/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION MHTBD attenuates SPID in rats by promoting the LIF/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and improving the composition of the gut microbiota. MHTBD may be a valuable drug for SPID therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ji
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of GeriatricsHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li Huang
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Linwen Deng
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of GynecologyHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
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Yoneda E, Kim S, Tomita K, Minase T, Kayano M, Watanabe H, Tetsuka M, Sasaki M, Iwayama H, Sanai H, Muranishi Y. Evaluation of Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-6 as Useful Screening Tool for Chronic Endometritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2017. [PMID: 38396694 PMCID: PMC10888589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Universal diagnostic criteria for chronic endometritis (CE) have not been established due to differences in study design among researchers and a lack of typical clinical cases. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been reported to cause inflammation in the reproductive systems of several animals. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of LPS in the pathogenesis of CE in humans. We investigated whether LPS affected cytokine production and cell proliferation in the endometrium using in vivo and in vitro experiments. LPS concentrations were analyzed between control and CE patients using endometrial tissues. LPS administration stimulated the proliferation of EM-E6/E7 cells derived from human endometrial cells. High LPS concentrations were detected in CE patients. LPS concentration was found to correlate with IL-6 gene expression in the endometrium. Inflammation signaling evoked by LPS led to the onset of CE, since LPS stimulates inflammatory responses and cell cycles in the endometrium. We identified LPS and IL-6 as suitable candidate markers for the diagnosis of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Yoneda
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Kisaki Tomita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Takashi Minase
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo 060-0005, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Research Center for Global Agro-Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Tetsuka
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- Obihiro ART Clinic, Obihiro 080-0803, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.I.); (H.S.)
| | - Hideomi Sanai
- Obihiro ART Clinic, Obihiro 080-0803, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.I.); (H.S.)
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (S.K.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Blaszczak W, White B, Monterisi S, Swietach P. Dynamic IL-6R/STAT3 signaling leads to heterogeneity of metabolic phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113612. [PMID: 38141171 PMCID: PMC11149489 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is enabled by pro-growth mutations and adequate energy provision. However, global metabolic activation would be self-terminating if it depleted tumor resources. Cancer cells could avoid this by rationing resources, e.g., dynamically switching between "baseline" and "activated" metabolic states. Using single-cell metabolic phenotyping of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identify MIA-PaCa-2 as having broad heterogeneity of fermentative metabolism. Sorting by a readout of lactic acid permeability separates cells by fermentative and respiratory rates. Contrasting phenotypes persist for 4 days and are unrelated to cell cycling or glycolytic/respiratory gene expression; however, transcriptomics links metabolically active cells with interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)-STAT3 signaling. We verify this by IL-6R/STAT3 knockdowns and sorting by IL-6R status. IL-6R/STAT3 activates fermentation and transcription of its inhibitor, SOCS3, resulting in delayed negative feedback that underpins transitions between metabolic states. Among cells manifesting wide metabolic heterogeneity, dynamic IL-6R/STAT3 signaling may allow cell cohorts to take turns in progressing energy-intense processes without depleting shared resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Blaszczak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, OX1 3PT Oxford, UK
| | - Bobby White
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, OX1 3PT Oxford, UK
| | - Stefania Monterisi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, OX1 3PT Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, OX1 3PT Oxford, UK.
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Lee HJ, Hoe HS. Inhibition of CDK4/6 regulates AD pathology, neuroinflammation and cognitive function through DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106725. [PMID: 36907286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Repurposing approved drugs is an emerging therapeutic development strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib mesylate is an FDA-approved drug for breast cancer treatment. However, whether abemaciclib mesylate affects Aβ/tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and Aβ/LPS-mediated cognitive impairment is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of abemaciclib mesylate on cognitive function and Aβ/tau pathology and found that abemaciclib mesylate improved spatial and recognition memory by regulating the dendritic spine number and neuroinflammatory responses in 5xFAD mice, an Aβ-overexpressing model of AD. Abemaciclib mesylate also inhibited Aβ accumulation by enhancing the activity and protein levels of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin and the α-secretase ADAM17 and decreasing the protein level of the γ-secretase PS-1 in young and aged 5xFAD mice. Importantly, abemaciclib mesylate suppressed tau phosphorylation in 5xFAD mice and tau-overexpressing PS19 mice by reducing DYRK1A and/or p-GSK3β levels. In wild-type (WT) mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), abemaciclib mesylate rescued spatial and recognition memory and restored dendritic spine number. In addition, abemaciclib mesylate downregulated LPS-induced microglial/astrocytic activation and proinflammatory cytokine levels in WT mice. In BV2 microglial cells and primary astrocytes, abemaciclib mesylate suppressed LPS-mediated proinflammatory cytokine levels by downregulating AKT/STAT3 signaling. Taken together, our results support repurposing the anticancer drug, CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib mesylate as a multitarget therapeutic for AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, the Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, the Republic of Korea.
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Palin MF, Caron A, Farmer C. Effects of sustained hyperprolactinemia in late gestation on the mammary parenchymal tissue transcriptome of gilts. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 36694114 PMCID: PMC9875420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilts experiencing sustained hyperprolactinemia from d 90 to 109 of gestation showed an early onset of lactogenesis coupled with premature mammary involution. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the premature mammary involution observed in these gilts, a transcriptomic analysis was undertaken. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of hyperprolactinemia on the global transcriptome in the mammary tissue of late gestating gilts and identify the molecular pathways involved in triggering premature mammary involution. METHODS On d 90 of gestation, gilts received daily injections of (1) canola oil until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (CTL, n = 18); (2) domperidone (to induce hyperprolactinemia) until d 96 ± 1 of gestation (T7, n = 17) or; (3) domperidone (until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (T20, n = 17). Mammary tissue was collected on d 110 of gestation and total RNA was isolated from six CTL and six T20 gilts for microarray analysis. The GeneChip® Porcine Gene 1.0 ST Array was used for hybridization. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological significance of differentially expressed genes, using the DAVID bioinformatics resource. RESULTS The expression of 335 genes was up-regulated and that of 505 genes down-regulated in the mammary tissue of T20 vs CTL gilts. Biological process GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched in T20 vs CTL gilts reflected the concurrent premature lactogenesis and mammary involution. When looking at individual genes, it appears that mammary cells from T20 gilts can simultaneously upregulate the transcription of milk proteins such as WAP, CSN1S2 and LALBA, and genes triggering mammary involution such as STAT3, OSMR and IL6R. The down-regulation of PRLR expression and up-regulation of genes known to inactivate the JAK-STAT5 pathway (CISH, PTPN6) suggest the presence of a negative feedback loop trying to counteract the effects of hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS Genes and pathways identified in this study suggest that sustained hyperprolactinemia during late-pregnancy, in the absence of suckling piglets, sends conflicting pro-survival and cell death signals to mammary epithelial cells. Reception of these signals results in a mammary gland that can simultaneously synthesize milk proteins and initiate mammary involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Palin
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Anouk Caron
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Chantal Farmer
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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10
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis in Dairy Cows with Endometritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214013. [PMID: 36430491 PMCID: PMC9694523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in the development of endometritis, but it remains unknown how neutrophils induce inflammation and tissue damage. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) clear invading pathogens during infection but induce pyroptosis, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, our objective was to investigate whether NETs participate in bovine endometrial epithelial cell (BEEC) pyroptosis during endometritis. To confirm this, NETs and caspase-1/4; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain(ASC); nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3); and gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N), TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in endometrial tissue were detected. Pathological section and vaginal discharge smears were performed to visually determine endometritis in the uterus. BEECs were stimulated with NETs to induce pyroptosis, which was treated with DNase I against pyroptosis. Caspase-1/4, ASC, NLRP3, GSDMD-N, TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in BEECs were analyzed in endometrial tissue. The results showed that NET formation, as well as pyroptosis-related proteins and proinflammatory, cytokines were elevated in the endometrial tissue of cows with endometritis. Pathological sections and vaginal discharge smears showed increased neutrophils and plasma cells in the uterus, as well as tissue congestion. In BEECs, NETs increased the level of pyroptosis-related proteins and proinflammatory cytokines and were diminished by DNase I. In summary NETs participate BEEC pyroptosis during endometritis in dairy cows.
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Fang L, Cui L, Liu K, Shao X, Sun W, Li J, Wang H, Qian C, Li J, Dong J. Cortisol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial stromal cells via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104426. [PMID: 35452691 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine uterine infection is commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Elevated concentrations of plasma cortisol have been reported in postpartum cows. However, the direct role of cortisol in the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial stromal cells (BESCs) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the regulatory effect of cortisol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in BESCs. Both the primary and immortalized BESCs were used in this study. BESCs were treated with cortisol (5, 15, and 30 ng/mL) in the presence of LPS. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was detected using RT-qPCR. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results revealed that cortisol downregulated the LPS-induced overexpression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS in BESCs. Moreover, cortisol inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of IκB, p65, ERK1/2, JNK and p38, and p65 nuclear translocation in BESCs. These results indicated that cortisol inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in BESCs, which may be mediated by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wenye Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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12
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Horlock AD, Ormsby TJR, Clift MJD, Santos JEP, Bromfield JJ, Sheldon IM. Cholesterol supports bovine granulosa cell inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. Reproduction 2022; 164:109-123. [PMID: 35900358 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During bacterial infections of the bovine uterus or mammary gland, ovarian granulosa cells mount inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro, LPS stimulates granulosa cell secretion of the cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, and the chemokine IL-8. These LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses depend on culturing granulosa cells with serum, but the mechanism is unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that cholesterol supports inflammatory responses to LPS in bovine granulosa cells. We used granulosa cells isolated from 4-8 mm and > 8.5 mm diameter ovarian follicles and manipulated the availability of cholesterol. We found that serum or follicular fluid containing cholesterol increased LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β from granulosa cells. Conversely, depleting cholesterol using methyl-β-cyclodextrin diminished LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 from granulosa cells cultured in serum. Follicular fluid contained more high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and granulosa cells expressed the receptor for high-density lipoprotein, scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1). Furthermore, culturing granulosa cells with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein or very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased LPS-stimulated inflammation in granulosa cells. Cholesterol biosynthesis also played a role in granulosa cell inflammation because RNA interference of mevalonate pathway enzymes inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation. Finally, treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone, but not luteinizing hormone, increased LPS-stimulated granulosa cell inflammation, and follicle-stimulating hormone increased SCARB1 protein. However, changes in inflammation were not associated with changes in oestradiol or progesterone secretion. Taken together these findings imply that cholesterol supports inflammatory responses to LPS in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Horlock
- A Horlock, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Thomas J R Ormsby
- T Ormsby, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Martin J D Clift
- M Clift, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jose E P Santos
- J Santos, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - John J Bromfield
- J Bromfield, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Iain Martin Sheldon
- I Sheldon, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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13
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Naler LB, Hsieh YP, Geng S, Zhou Z, Li L, Lu C. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:102. [PMID: 35091696 PMCID: PMC8799722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yuan-Pang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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14
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Feng R, Adeniran SO, Huang F, Li Y, Ma M, Zheng P, Zhang G. The ameliorative effect of melatonin on LPS-induced Sertoli cells inflammatory and tight junctions damage via suppression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in newborn calf. Theriogenology 2021; 179:103-116. [PMID: 34871925 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testicular barrier (BTB) is involved in spermatogenesis, protects sperm development, and plays a crucial role in the reproductive process. Tight junctions (TJs) between Sertoli cells (SCs) are the key structure of (BTB), and if its structure is damaged, BTB function is affected. The cellular inflammation caused by Gram-negative bacteria affects the structural integrity of TJs. Melatonin (MT) has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of MT in newborn calf SCs is unknown. Therefore, this experiment studied the protective effect of MT. The results showed that LPS upregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB expressions, in turn, activated the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, produced a large amount of IL-6 and IL-1β, downregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, and reduced the viability of SCs, which resulted in the inflammatory response of SCs and damage of TJs. The addition of MT decreased TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB expressions, it then inhibited the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, and increased the cell viability, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of SCs, and restored the TJs structure. Overall, our results reveal that MT can alleviate LPS-induced in newborn calf SCs Inflammation and TJs injury through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Samson O Adeniran
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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15
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Sheybani N, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Salehi A. An integrated analysis of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis involved in bovine endometritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18050. [PMID: 34508138 PMCID: PMC8433134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In dairy cattle, endometritis is a severe infectious disease that occurs following parturition. It is clear that genetic factors are involved in the etiology of endometritis, however, the molecular pathogenesis of endometritis is not entirely understood. In this study, a system biology approach was used to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of endometritis. Forty transcriptomic datasets comprising of 20 RNA-Seq (GSE66825) and 20 miRNA-Seq (GSE66826) were obtained from the GEO database. Next, the co-expressed modules were constructed based on RNA-Seq (Rb-modules) and miRNA-Seq (mb-modules) data, separately, using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach. Preservation analysis was used to find the non-preserved Rb-modules in endometritis samples. Afterward, the non-preserved Rb-modules were assigned to the mb-modules to construct the integrated regulatory networks. Just highly connected genes (hubs) in the networks were considered and functional enrichment analysis was used to identify the biological pathways associated with the development of the disease. Furthermore, additional bioinformatic analysis including protein-protein interactions network and miRNA target prediction were applied to enhance the reliability of the results. Thirty-five Rb-modules and 10 mb-modules were identified and 19 and 10 modules were non-preserved, respectively, which were enriched in biological pathways related to endometritis like inflammation and ciliogenesis. Two non-preserved Rb-modules were significantly assigned to three mb-modules and three and two important sub-networks in the Rb-modules were identified, respectively, including important mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs genes like IRAK1, CASP3, CCDC40, CCDC39, ZMYND10, FOXJ1, TLR4, IL10, STAT3, FN1, AKT1, CD68, ENSBTAG00000049936, ENSBTAG00000050527, ENSBTAG00000051242, ENSBTAG00000049287, bta-miR-449, bta-miR-484, bta-miR-149, bta-miR-30b and bta-miR-423. The potential roles of these genes have been previously demonstrated in endometritis or related pathways, which reinforced putative functions of the suggested integrated regulatory networks in the endometritis pathogenesis. These findings may help further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bovine endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Sheybani
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bakhtiarizadeh
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Salehi
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Peng-Fei H, A-Ru-Na, Hui C, Hong-Yu W, Jin-Shan C. Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protects bovine endometrial tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory injury via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and COX-2 derived prostaglandin E 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174067. [PMID: 33811838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine endometritis is one of the major postpartum diseases associated with infertility and subfertility, decreasing the benefit of dairy industry. It is important to develop alternate therapies for endometritis in the context of drug residues in the milk and hormone disorder in the estrous cycle. α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor has been identified as the core of 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP)', which is a potential drug target to inflammatory diseases. However, there has been still no study on its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometritis. This study aimed to demonstrate the underlying anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of α7-nACh receptor on LPS-induced inflammation in bovine endometrial tissues cultured in vitro. The results suggested that activation of α7-nACh receptor significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bovine endometrial tissues. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection results showed that activation of α7-nACh receptor inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Moreover, α7-nACh receptor agonist decreased the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1(mPGES-1), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. Interestingly, in COX-2 inhibition experiment, activation of α7-nACh receptor increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, compared with COX-2 inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, activation of the cholinergic system through α7-nACh receptor agonist has suppressed inflammation of bovine endometrial tissues via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and potential COX-2-derived PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Peng-Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
| | - A-Ru-Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Chen Hui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Wei Hong-Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Cao Jin-Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
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17
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Deenin W, Malakul W, Boonsong T, Phoungpetchara I, Tunsophon S. Papaya improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and lipogenic gene expression. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:315-327. [PMID: 33815675 PMCID: PMC8006076 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health issue that is correlated with obesity and oxidative stress.
AIM To evaluate the anti-NAFLD effect of papaya in high fat diet induced obesity in rats.
METHODS Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after 1 wk of acclimatization: Group 1 was the rats fed a normal diet (C); group 2 was the rats fed a high fat diet (HFD); group 3 was the rats fed a HFD with 0.5 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFL), and group 4 was the rats fed a HFD with 1 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFH) for 12 wk. At the end of the treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses and histological assessment.
RESULTS The results of the HFH group showed significantly reduced body weight (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.01), decreased NAFLD score (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (HFL vs HFD, P < 0.01; HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), hepatic triglyceride (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), malondialdehyde (HFL, HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), tumour necrosis factor-α (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) when compared to the HFD group. However, the liver weight showed no significant difference among the groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in HFH when compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The suppression of transcriptional factors of hepatic lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, were observed in the papaya treated group (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05). These beneficial effects of papaya against HFD-induced NAFLD are through lowering hepatic lipid accumulation, suppressing the lipogenic pathway, improving the balance of antioxidant status, and lowering systemic inflammation.
CONCLUSION These current results provide experimental-based evidence suggesting papaya is an efficacious medicinal fruit for use in the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tantip Boonsong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ittipon Phoungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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18
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Gao F, Fu K, Li H, Feng Y, Tian W, Cao R. Chlorogenic acid ameliorates mice clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting NFκB signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:785-795. [PMID: 33734387 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical endometritis is a common reproductive disorder in mammals that seriously endangers animal health and causes economic losses worldwide. This study aims to use lipopolysaccharide and Trueperella pyogenes exotoxin as modelling reagents (LC) to perfuse the mouse uterus in order to establish a model of clinical endometritis and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA). METHODS In this study, five LC uterine perfusions were selected to model clinical endometritis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CGA were clarified. Through HE staining, proinflammatory cytokines, blood testing, NFκB and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathways and other index changes to explore the protection mechanism of CGA. KEY FINDINGS After CGA treatment, the appearance, inflammatory damage and blood indicators of the mouse uterus returned to normal. Simultaneously, CGA could inhibit the activation of NFκB and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines; CGA could also activate Keap1/Nrf2, promote the dissociation of Keap1 and Nrf2 and significantly increase the expression of the downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1. CONCLUSIONS The above results together explain that five LC uterine perfusions can be used to establish a mouse model of clinical endometritis. CGA can treat clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting the NFκB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiqiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huatao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenru Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Niclosamide suppresses the expansion of follicular helper T cells and alleviates disease severity in two murine models of lupus via STAT3. J Transl Med 2021; 19:86. [PMID: 33632240 PMCID: PMC7908700 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibody production against endogenous cellular components is pathogenic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Follicular helper T (TFH) cells aid in B cell differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasma cells (PCs). The IL-6 and IL-21 cytokine-mediated STAT3 signaling are crucial for the differentiation to TFH cells. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug used to treat parasitic infections but also exhibits a therapeutic effect on autoimmune diseases due to its potential immune regulatory effects. In this study, we examined whether niclosamide treatment could relieve lupus-like autoimmunity by modulating the differentiation of TFH cells in two murine models of lupus. Methods 10-week-old MRL/lpr mice were orally administered with 100 mg/kg of niclosamide or with 0.5% methylcellulose (MC, vehicle) daily for 7 weeks. TLR7 agonist, resiquimod was topically applied to an ear of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice 3 times a week for 5 weeks. And they were orally administered with 100 mg/kg of niclosamide or with 0.5% MC daily for 5 weeks. Every mouse was analyzed for lupus nephritis, proteinuria, autoantibodies, immune complex, immune cell subsets at the time of the euthanization. Results Niclosamide treatment greatly improved proteinuria, anti-dsDNA antibody levels, immunoglobulin subclass titers, histology of lupus nephritis, and C3 deposition in MRL/lpr and R848-induced mice. In addition, niclosamide inhibited the proportion of TFH cells and PCs in the spleens of these animals, and effectively suppressed differentiation of TFH-like cells and expression of associated genes in vitro. Conclusions Niclosamide exerted therapeutic effects on murine lupus models by suppressing TFH cells and plasma cells through STAT3 inhibition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02760-2.
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20
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Elesh IF, Marey MA, Zinnah MA, Akthar I, Kawai T, Naim F, Goda W, Rawash ARA, Sasaki M, Shimada M, Miyamoto A. Peptidoglycan Switches Off the TLR2-Mediated Sperm Recognition and Triggers Sperm Localization in the Bovine Endometrium. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619408. [PMID: 33643300 PMCID: PMC7905083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the uterine mucosal immune system simultaneously recognizes and reacts to most bacteria as well as allogenic sperm mainly through the Toll-like receptors (TLR)2/4 signaling pathway. Here, we characterized the impact of pathogen-derived TLR2/4 ligands (peptidoglycan (PGN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) on the immune crosstalk of sperm with the bovine endometrial epithelium. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the presence of low levels of PGN, but not LPS, blocked the sperm-induced inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) in vitro. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that PGN prevented the sperm-induced phosphorylation of JNK in BEECs. Activation or blockade of the TLR2 system in the endometrial epithelium verified that TLR2 signaling acts as a commonly-shared pathway for PGN and sperm recognition. The impairment of endometrial sperm recognition, induced by PGN, subsequently inhibited sperm phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Moreover, using an ex vivo endometrial explant that more closely resembles those in vivo conditions, showed that sperm provoked a mild and reversible endometrial tissue injury and triggered PMN recruitment into uterine glands, while PGN inhibited these events. Of note, PGN markedly increased the sperm attachment to uterine glands, and relatively so in the surface epithelium. However, addition of the anti-CD44 antibody into a PGN-sperm-explant co-culture completely blocked sperm attachment into glands and surface epithelia, indicating that the CD44 adhesion molecule is involved in the PGN-triggered sperm attachment to the endometrial epithelium. Together, these findings demonstrate that, the presence of PGN residues disrupts sperm immune recognition and prevents the physiological inflammation induced by sperm in the endometrial epithelium via the MyD88-dependent pathway of TLR2 signaling, possibly leading to impairment of uterine clearance and subsequent embryo receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fouad Elesh
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ali Zinnah
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ihshan Akthar
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Fayrouz Naim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Goda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman A Rawash
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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21
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Zhang T, Guo S, Zhou H, Wu Z, Liu J, Qiu C, Deng G. Endometrial extracellular matrix rigidity and IFNτ ensure the establishment of early pregnancy through activation of YAP. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12976. [PMID: 33393124 PMCID: PMC7849163 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, early pregnancy is a critical vulnerable period during which complications may arise, including pregnancy failure. Establishment of a maternal endometrial acceptance phenotype is a prerequisite for semiheterogeneous embryo implantation, comprising the rate‐limiting step of early pregnancy. Methods Confocal fluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blot for nuclear and cytoplasmic protein were used to examine the activation of yes‐associated protein (YAP) in uterine tissue and primary endometrial cells. The target binding between miR16a and YAP was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. The mouse pregnancy model and pseudopregnancy model were used to investigate the role of YAP in the maternal uterus during early pregnancy in vivo. Results We showed that YAP translocates into the nucleus in the endometrium of cattle and mice during early pregnancy. Mechanistically, YAP acts as a mediator of ECM rigidity and cell density, which requires the actomyosin cytoskeleton and is partially dependent on the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, we found that the soluble factor IFNτ, which is a ruminant pregnancy recognition factor, also induced activation of YAP by reducing the expression of miR‐16a. Conclusions This study revealed that activation of YAP is necessary for early pregnancy in bovines because it induced cell proliferation and established an immunosuppressive local environment that allowed conceptus implantation into the uterine epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Palus K, Całka J, Jana B. Alterations in the relative abundance of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) and functions in uterine contractility during inflammation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106680. [PMID: 33388613 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor (VPAC1, VPAC2) abundances in the myometrium and functions in the regulation of inflamed uterine contractility in pigs were studied. In the CON group with gilts, only laparotomy was performed. The gilts of SAL- and E. coli-treated groups were administered saline or E. coli into the uterine horns, respectively. The E. coli-induced endometritis resulted in a lesser myometrial relative abundance of VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor mRNA transcripts and larger abundance of protein for these receptors. In the myometrium, treatment with VIP resulted in a lesser contractility amplitude than in the tissues of the CON- and SAL- and E. coli-treated groups and in frequency in the CON- and E.coli-treated group compared to the period before VIP treatment. Compared to when there was VIP treatment alone, treatment with VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor antagonists resulted in a lesser inhibitory effect of VIP on contractility amplitude in the myometrium of the CON and SAL-treated groups and there was complete abolishment of the inhibitory VIP effect on frequency of myometrial contractility of the CON group. In the myometrium of E. coli-treated group, treatment with VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor antagonists resulted in a reversal of the inhibitory effect of VIP on contractility amplitude, while treatment with VPAC2 receptor antagonist resulted in elimination of contractility and a lesser endometrium/myometrium inhibitory effect of VIP on frequency of these contractions. Results indicate VIP functions to decrease myometrial contractility of the inflamed pig uterus by having functions at VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Palus
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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23
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Lan J, Xie K. miR-202-3p overexpression attenuates endometriosis-like lesions by modulating YAP-dependent transcription of S100A6 in murine models. Life Sci 2020; 265:118757. [PMID: 33197444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent evidence has suggested the important implications of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the processes of proliferation and tissue remodeling in endometriosis (EMS). We therefore aim to determine the role of miR-202-3p in the pathophysiology of EMS and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Experimental endometriosis was induced in ovariectomized mice implanted with a slow-release 17-β estradiol capsule. Eutopic endometrial stromal cells (euESCs) were isolated and assayed for proliferative, invasive and apoptotic properties by EdU staining, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry. The invasive and apoptotic features in the endometrium of mice with EMS in vivo were evaluated by using immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL assays. RESULTS miR-202-3p was observed to be downregulated in the endometrial tissues of EMS patients. MiR-202-3p was also found to target YAP1 which resulted in reduced euESC proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis. YAP1 was able to phosphorylated STAT3 which consequently upregulated S100A6 to promote the proliferative and invasive abilities of euESCs. MiR-202-3p was thereby proposed to act as an inhibitor of proliferation and tissue damage in the in vivo setting of EMS, its effects however, were able to be counteracted byS100A6, which reversed the effects of miR-202-3p on tissue injury and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our data together evidenced that miR-202-3p targeted YAP1 to reduce STAT3-mediated S100A6 whereby preventing the progression of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- The Second Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital (The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University), Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Kangling Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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24
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Jhamat N, Niazi A, Guo Y, Chanrot M, Ivanova E, Kelsey G, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Andersson G, Humblot P. LPS-treatment of bovine endometrial epithelial cells causes differential DNA methylation of genes associated with inflammation and endometrial function. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:385. [PMID: 32493210 PMCID: PMC7268755 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin stimulates pro-inflammatory pathways and is a key player in the pathological mechanisms involved in the development of endometritis. This study aimed to investigate LPS-induced DNA methylation changes in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs), which may affect endometrial function. Following in vitro culture, bEECs from three cows were either untreated (0) or exposed to 2 and 8 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Results DNA samples extracted at 0 h and 24 h were sequenced using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). When comparing DNA methylation results at 24 h to time 0 h, a larger proportion of hypomethylated regions were identified in the LPS-treated groups, whereas the trend was opposite in controls. When comparing LPS groups to controls at 24 h, a total of 1291 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified (55% hypomethylated and 45% hypermethylated). Integration of DNA methylation data obtained here with our previously published gene expression data obtained from the same samples showed a negative correlation (r = − 0.41 for gene promoter, r = − 0.22 for gene body regions, p < 0.05). Differential methylation analysis revealed that effects of LPS treatment were associated with methylation changes for genes involved in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, cell adhesion, and external stimuli. Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that most of the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were associated with cell proliferation and apoptotic processes; and pathways such as calcium-, oxytocin- and MAPK-signaling pathways with recognized roles in innate immunity. Several DMGs were related to systemic inflammation and tissue re-modelling including HDAC4, IRAK1, AKT1, MAP3K6, Wnt7A and ADAMTS17. Conclusions The present results show that LPS altered the DNA methylation patterns of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. This information, combined with our previously reported changes in gene expression related to endometrial function, confirm that LPS activates pro-inflammatory mechanisms leading to perturbed immune balance and cell adhesion processes in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Jhamat
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Section of Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Niazi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Section of Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden. .,SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Metasu Chanrot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 802 40, Thailand
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Section of Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Section of Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, CRU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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25
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Koyani CN, Plastira I, Sourij H, Hallström S, Schmidt A, Rainer PP, Bugger H, Frank S, Malle E, von Lewinski D. Empagliflozin protects heart from inflammation and energy depletion via AMPK activation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104870. [PMID: 32434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) were originally developed as kidney-targeting anti-diabetic drugs. However, due to their beneficial cardiac off-target effects (as SGLT2 is not expressed in the heart), these antagonists currently receive intense clinical interest in the context of heart failure (HF) in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). Since the mechanisms by which these beneficial effects are mediated are still unclear yet, inflammation that is present in DM and HF has been proposed as a potential pharmacological intervention strategy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, displays anti-inflammatory potential along with its glucose-lowering property. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in vitro and in vivo. In cardiomyocytes and macrophages empagliflozin attenuated LPS-induced TNFα and iNOS expression. Analysis of intracellular signalling pathways suggested that empagliflozin activates AMP kinase (AMPK) in both cell types with or without LPS-treatment. Moreover, the SGLT2 inhibitor increased the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 marker proteins in LPS-treated macrophages. Additionally, empagliflozin-mediated AMPK activation prevented LPS-induced ATP/ADP depletion. In vivo administration of LPS in mice impaired cardiac contractility and aortic endothelial relaxation in response to acetylcholine, whereby co-administration of empagliflozin preserved cardiovascular function. These findings were accompanied by improved cardiac AMPK phosphorylation and ATP/ADP, reduced cardiac iNOS, plasma TNFα and creatine kinase MB levels. CONCLUSION Our data identify a novel cardio protective mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, suggesting that AMPK activation-mediated energy repletion and reduced inflammation contribute to the observed cardiovascular benefits of the drug in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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26
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Nawab A, Tang S, Li G, An L, Wu J, Liu W, Xiao M. Dietary curcumin supplementation effects on blood immunological profile and liver enzymatic activity of laying hens after exposure to high temperature conditions. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102573. [PMID: 32479380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various environmental factors affect livestock production but heat stress is a major challenge in the poultry farming. Poultry exposes to high temperature alters blood immunological parameters and liver enzymatic function which in turn, suppress the immunity and disease resistance of chickens. Thus, the purpose of present study was to explore the effect of dietary curcumin supplementation on blood immunological biomarker and liver enzymatic activity of laying hens under heat stress conditions. Experimental groups contained two control groups (normal temperature control (NC) and heat stress control (HC) and 3 heat stress curcumin treatment groups (HT100, HT200 and HT300). Hens in HC group with basal diet and heat stress curcumin treatment groups were exposed 6 h/day heat stress (32 ± 1 °C) from 10:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. for 9 week. The results of present study showed that heat stressed curcumin treatment group had improved liver weight, WBC values and immunoglobulin level as compared to untreated HC and NC groups. The available results also indicated that laying hens supplemented with curcumin under high temperature conditions had reduced H/L ratio, serum corticosterone levels, inflammatory cytokines response and liver enzymatic activity (ALT) which enhanced the immunity of laying hens under hot climatic conditions. Therefore, it is concluded that curcumin has ability to combat harsh environmental conditions which can be used as anti-inflammatory and immune booster feed additive in the poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Nawab
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
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27
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Xu J, Jia Z, Chen A, Wang C. Curcumin ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis injury through attenuating TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104054. [PMID: 32061917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM It has long been known that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, serotype CP8) is associated with clinical mastitis in cows, and recent scientific studies have shown that curcumin (CUR) is effective in anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanism of action of curcumin on S. aureus-induced cows has not been fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether curcumin could improve the inflammation response in mice mastitis and to clarify the possible mechanism. METHOD of study: A mouse mastitis model was established. The mice were administered curcumin (125 mg/kg), ciprofloxacin (130 mg/kg, CIP), and water (model group) for 5 days. RESULTS CUR and CIP treatment prevented the S. aureus-induced mouse mastitis increase the levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ and decrease levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Additionally, RT-PCR results showed that 20 μg/mL curcumin inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TRAF6 and MEKK1 in murine mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). Likewise, Western blotting results showed that CUR inhibited the expression of TRAF6 and MEKK1. CONCLUSION These results indicated that CUR is superior to CIP in the prevention of mastitis, and the mechanism may be that the curative effect of CUR inhibits TLR-2 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China; Henan Houyi Bio-Engineering, Inc., Zheng Zhou, 451161, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
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28
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Sheldon IM, Molinari PCC, Ormsby TJR, Bromfield JJ. Preventing postpartum uterine disease in dairy cattle depends on avoiding, tolerating and resisting pathogenic bacteria. Theriogenology 2020; 150:158-165. [PMID: 31973964 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Up to forty percent of dairy cows develop metritis or endometritis when pathogenic bacteria infect the uterus after parturition. However, resilient cows remain healthy even when exposed to the same pathogens. Here, we provide a perspective on the mechanisms that dairy cows use to prevent postpartum uterine disease. We suggest that resilient cows prevent the development of uterine disease using the three complementary defensive strategies of avoiding, tolerating and resisting infection with pathogenic bacteria. Avoidance maintains health by limiting the exposure to pathogens. Avoidance mechanisms include intrinsic behaviors to reduce the risk of infection by avoiding pathogens or infected animals, perhaps signaled by the fetid odor of uterine disease. Tolerance improves health by limiting the tissue damage caused by the pathogens. Tolerance mechanisms include neutralizing bacterial toxins, protecting cells against damage, enhancing tissue repair, and reprogramming metabolism. Resistance improves health by limiting the pathogen burden. Resistance mechanisms include inflammation driven by innate immunity and adaptive immunity, with the aim of killing and eliminating pathogenic bacteria. Farmers can also help cows prevent the development of postpartum uterine disease by avoiding trauma to the genital tract, reducing stress, and feeding animals appropriately during the transition period. Understanding the mechanisms of avoidance, tolerance and resistance to pathogens will inform strategies to generate resilient animals and prevent uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - Paula C C Molinari
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, United States
| | - Thomas J R Ormsby
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, United States
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29
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Lafon PA, Wang Y, Arango-Lievano M, Torrent J, Salvador-Prince L, Mansuy M, Mestre-Francès N, Givalois L, Liu J, Mercader JV, Jeanneteau F, Desrumaux C, Perrier V. Fungicide Residues Exposure and β-amyloid Aggregation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17011. [PMID: 31939705 PMCID: PMC7015540 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide residues have contaminated our environment and nutrition over the last century. Although these compounds are present at very low concentrations, their long-term effects on human health is of concern. The link between pesticide residues and Alzheimer's disease is not clear and difficult to establish. To date, no in vivo experiments have yet modeled the impact of this chronic contamination on neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of fungicide residues on the pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic mouse model. METHODS Transgenic (J20, hAPP Sw / Ind ) mice were chronically exposed to a cocktail of residues of cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil at 0.1 μ g / L in their drinking water for 9 months. We assessed the effects of fungicide residues on the pathological markers of the disease including A β aggregates, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Then, we studied the dynamics of A β aggregation in vivo via a longitudinal study using two-photon microscopy. Finally, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the production and clearance of A β peptides. RESULTS We found that a chronic exposure to three fungicide residues exacerbated aggregation, microgliosis, and neuronal loss. These fungicides also increased vascular amyloid aggregates reminiscent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy between 6 and 9 months of treatment. The mechanism of action revealed that fungicides promoted A β peptide fibril formation in vitro and involved an in vivo overexpression of the levels of the β -secretase -cleaving enzyme (BACE1) combined with impairment of A β clearance through neprylisin (NEP). CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposure of the J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease to a cocktail of fungicides, at the regulatory concentration allowed in tap water (0.1 μ g / L ), strengthened the preexisting pathological markers: neuroinflammation, A β aggregation, and APP β -processing . We hypothesize prevention strategies toward pesticide long-term exposure may be an alternative to counterbalance the lack of treatment and to slow down the worldwide Alzheimer's epidemic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5550.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunyun Wang
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Margarita Arango-Lievano
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Torrent
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marine Mansuy
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Givalois
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Josep Vicent Mercader
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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30
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Liu J, Guo S, Jiang K, Zhang T, Zhiming W, Yaping Y, Jing Y, Shaukat A, Deng G. miR-488 mediates negative regulation of the AKT/NF-κB pathway by targeting Rac1 in LPS-induced inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4766-4777. [PMID: 31674024 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is an inflammatory change in the structure of the endometrium due to various causes and is a common cause of infertility. Studies have confirmed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases. However, the miRNA-mediated mechanism of endometrial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) remains unclear. In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) interference were used to reveal the overexpression of miR-488 in the LPS-induced bovine uterus, and the effect of protein kinase B κ-light chain enhancement of the nuclear factor-activated B cells (AKT/NF-κB) pathway in intimal epithelial cells. The results showed that the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group when miR-488 was overexpressed. Similar results were observed in the expression levels of p-AKT, p-IKK, and p-p65 proteins. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter system confirmed that miRNA-488 may directly target the 3'-untranslated region of Rac1. In turn, the expression of Rac1 was inhibited. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was inhibited, and meanwhile, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells was reduced. Thus, we provide basic data for the negative regulation of miR-488 in LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting ROS production and the AKT/NF-kB pathway in intimal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Zhiming
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yaping
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Luo X, Xiao B, Xiao Z. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adenosine 5'-Trisphosphate in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through Negative Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor MyD88 Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1557-1563. [PMID: 31580158 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evokes a proinflammatory immune response, and plays a pivotal role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). ATP (adenosine 5'-trisphosphate), a powerful extracellular signal transduction molecule, functions to regulate immune inflammatory responses depending on the type of P2 receptors and cell lines. In this study, we first performed RT-PCR to detect the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and IL-1β induced by different concentrations of LPS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Protein level of TLR4 signaling including TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), and CD14 induced by LPS (1 μg/mL) at different times (0, 10, 30, 60, 120 min) was analyzed by Western blot. Then, RT-PCR was performed to detect the effect of different concentrations of ATP on mRNA expression of IL-1β and MCP-1 induced by LPS (1 μg/mL) and the TLR4 signaling pathway. Western blot was performed to detect the effect of low concentrations of ATP on phosphorylation of p65 induced by 1 μg/mL LPS. Finally, we used P2Y receptor blocker Suramin to verify whether the role of ATP on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression was through P2Y receptors. The results showed that LPS upregulated the expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by the activation of TLR4-MyD88 signaling in HUVECs. Only low concentration ATP (1, 10 μM) inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1β and MCP-1. ATP at low concentrations also downregulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, CD14, and MyD88 and inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65. Furthermore, Suramin, a nonspecific P2Y receptor antagonist, did not attenuate the inhibition of ATP on LPS-induced IL-1β and MCP-1 expression. Taking this together, low concentration ATP inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs by negatively regulating TLR4-MyD88 signaling, and P2Y receptors were not involved in this process, which might provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bolin Xiao
- School of Stomatological, WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilin Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Differential gene expression in bovine endometrial epithelial cells after challenge with LPS; specific implications for genes involved in embryo maternal interactions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222081. [PMID: 31487323 PMCID: PMC6728075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria activates pro-inflammatory pathways, dys-regulates the function of endometrial cells and is a key player in the mechanisms involved in endometritis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LPS on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) from whole transcriptome with a special focus on genes involved in embryo-maternal interactions. Following in vitro culture, bEEC from three cows were exposed to 0, 2, and 8 μg/mL LPS for 24h. RNA samples extracted at 0 and 24 hours were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). At 24h, 2035 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between controls and samples treated with 2 μg/mL LPS. Gene ontology analysis showed that over-expressed DEGs were associated to immune response, response to stress and external stimuli, catalytic activity, and cell cycle. Genes associated with cell membrane and cell adhesion pathways were under-expressed. LPS induced changes in expression of specific genes related to embryo-maternal interactions including under-expression of eight members of the cadherin superfamily, over-expression of six members of the mucin family, and differential expression of a large set of genes binding the above molecules and of more than 20 transcripts coding for cytokines and their receptors. Type I interferon-τ dependent genes were also over-expressed. From a sub-set of 19 genes, (biological replicates of bEEC from cows taken at time 6 (n = 3), 24 (n = 6) and 48 hours (n = 3), and 2 technical replicates per sample) differential gene expression was confirmed by RT2-qPCR (r2 between fold changes at 24 hours by RT2-qPCR and RNA-seq = 0.97). These results indicate that LPS affects the function of bEEC in many ways by differential transcription, glycolytic metabolism and oxidative stress. Many transcriptomic signatures related to implantation and embryo maternal interactions were strongly affected by LPS. These results pave the way for further studies to investigate the duration of these changes and their possible impact on endometrial function and fertility.
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Network of Mediators for Vascular Inflammation and Leakage Is Dysbalanced during Cytoreductive Surgery for Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5263717. [PMID: 31396019 PMCID: PMC6664492 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5263717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoreductive surgery (CS) in late-stage ovarian cancer patients is often challenging due to extensive volume shifts, and high fluid intake may provoke postoperative complications. Expression of vasoactive mediators is altered in cancer patients, which may affect systemic vascular function. We sought to assess how serum levels of vasoactive markers and mediators change during CS in ovarian cancer. Methods Following IRB approval and informed consent, pre- and postoperative serum samples were analyzed in 26 late-stage ovarian cancer patients using multiplex protein arrays and ELISA. Results The proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 were significantly elevated after 24 hrs compared to the baseline values, with IL-6 and IL-8 being most prominently increased. While ANGPT1 remained unchanged after surgery, its competitive antagonist ANGPT2 was significantly increased. In contrast, serum levels of the ANGPT receptor TIE2 were decreased to 0.6 of the baseline values. While VEGF-D, E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and PECAM-1 remained unchanged, serum activity of both thrombomodulin and syndecan-1 was significantly increased following surgery. Conclusion We identified a regulatory network of acute-phase reaction during CS in late-stage ovarian cancer. This suggests that IL-6 exerts positive regulation of other proinflammatory mediators and, by upregulating ANGPT2 and suppressing ANGPT1, induces a serum profile that promotes vascular leakage. This may contribute to the observed hemodynamic alterations during CS procedures.
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Effect of curcumin supplementation on TLR4 mediated non-specific immune responses in liver of laying hens under high-temperature conditions. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:384-397. [PMID: 31466778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver performs a significant role in innate and adaptive immunity. Heat stress causes oxidative stress in liver tissues and reduces the immune responses of laying hens which can cause several diseases affecting poultry-production performance. Hepatic inflammation is a common trigger of liver disease, which is reflected by hepatic tissue damage leading to fibrogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dietary manipulation of curcumin has been proposed to ameliorate the immune status of chickens under heat stress. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on TLR4 mediated non-specific immune response in liver of laying hens under high-temperature conditions. Experimental groups contained two controls groups (high temperature and thermo-neutral control (HC and NC) fed basal diet) and three high-temperature curcumin treatments groups (HT100, HT200 and HT300). Laying hens in HC and HT groups exposed 6 h/day heat stress (32 ± 1 °C). The results of present study showed that heat stress curcumin treatment group had reduced inflammatory responses (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) as compared to HC and NC group. Pathological lesions and DNA damage of immune tissues were decreased in heat stress curcumin supplementation as compared to HC and NC group. Furthermore, PCNA, TLR4 and its downstream gene expression as well as protein expression (TLR4, NF-κB and PCNA) were significantly down regulated in heat stress curcumin supplemented group as compared to HC and NC group. Therefore, it is concluded that heat stressed hens supplemented with dietary curcumin enhance the immunity of laying hens and combat stressful environmental conditions.
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Tombácz K, Peters LM, Chang YM, Steele M, Werling D, Gibson AJ. Short communication: Pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo does not affect granulocyte ability to migrate to endometrial cells and kill bacteria in vitro in healthy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9389-9395. [PMID: 31326166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In periparturient dairy cows, immune suppression, resulting in decreased neutrophil numbers and function, leads to increased susceptibility to postpartum conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, and metritis. Administration of polyethylene glycol-conjugated bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (pegbovigrastim, Imrestor; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) 7 d before and within 24 h of calving, effectively improves granulocyte production and function in vivo as well as in milk. A recently developed coculture assay was adapted for use with endometrial epithelial cells to assess the effects of pegbovigrastim application on directed granulocyte migration and bactericidal activity in vitro on a per-cell basis in endometrial cell cultures. Granulocytes from treated and untreated periparturient cows (6 and 5 per group, respectively) were evaluated for their ability to migrate to and kill bacteria after treatment, in context of the infected endometrium. We hypothesized that in addition to increasing the absolute concentration of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo alters the ability of granulocytes to migrate to endometrial cells in vitro. The results clearly show a marked increase in the total concentration of granulocytes and monocytes between the 2 treatment groups as early as 2 d after the first injection, and this increased between the samples taken 2 d after calving. No migratory or killing differences were identified between granulocytes of both groups, suggesting that pegbovigrastim-induced granulocytes were as effective as non-induced cells. This may also be due to the absence of negative energy balance in the study animals and leads us to conclude that the positive effects seen in vivo are most likely based on the larger number of granulocytes present rather than a direct effect of pegbovigrastim treatment on the functionality of cells for the parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tombácz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - L M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Y-M Chang
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - M Steele
- Elanco Animal Health, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Basingstoke, RG24 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - D Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
| | - A J Gibson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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Steuernagel L, Meckbach C, Heinrich F, Zeidler S, Schmitt AO, Gültas M. Computational identification of tissue-specific transcription factor cooperation in ten cattle tissues. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216475. [PMID: 31095599 PMCID: PMC6522001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are a special class of DNA-binding proteins that orchestrate gene transcription by recruiting other TFs, co-activators or co-repressors. Their combinatorial interplay in higher organisms maintains homeostasis and governs cell identity by finely controlling and regulating tissue-specific gene expression. Despite the rich literature on the importance of cooperative TFs for deciphering the mechanisms of individual regulatory programs that control tissue specificity in several organisms such as human, mouse, or Drosophila melanogaster, to date, there is still need for a comprehensive study to detect specific TF cooperations in regulatory processes of cattle tissues. To address the needs of knowledge about specific combinatorial gene regulation in cattle tissues, we made use of three publicly available RNA-seq datasets and obtained tissue-specific gene (TSG) sets for ten tissues (heart, lung, liver, kidney, duodenum, muscle tissue, adipose tissue, colon, spleen and testis). By analyzing these TSG-sets, tissue-specific TF cooperations of each tissue have been identified. The results reveal that similar to the combinatorial regulatory events of model organisms, TFs change their partners depending on their biological functions in different tissues. Particularly with regard to preferential partner choice of the transcription factors STAT3 and NR2C2, this phenomenon has been highlighted with their five different specific cooperation partners in multiple tissues. The information about cooperative TFs could be promising: i) to understand the molecular mechanisms of regulating processes; and ii) to extend the existing knowledge on the importance of single TFs in cattle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Steuernagel
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Meckbach
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstraße 1, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Heinrich
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeidler
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin O. Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced Acute Lung Injury through attenuating NF-κB and MAPK activation. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:302-312. [PMID: 31059756 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is clinically characterized by excessive inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), having high morbidity and mortality both in human and animals. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a major primary bioactive component extracted by Panax ginseng, which has numerous pharmacological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of Rb1 in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced ALI in mice have not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to determine the anti-inflammatory influence of Rb1 on S. aureus-induced ALI in mice, and to explore its possible underlying principle mechanisms in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of physical morphology, histopathological variation and wet-to-dry weight ratio of lungs revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated S. aureus-induced lung injury. Furthermore, qPCR results displayed that Rb1 inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production both in vivo and in vitro. The activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by S. aureus was inhibited by application of Rb1 as confirmed by results of immunofluorescence assay. The expression of NF-kB and MAPK signaling proteins revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, as well as JNK. Altogether, the results of this experiment presented that Rb1 has ability to protect S. aureus-induced ALI in mice by attenuating TLR-2-mediated NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, Rb-1 might be a potential medicine in the treatment of S. aureus-induced lung inflammation.
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Nie Y, Wang Z, Chai G, Xiong Y, Li B, Zhang H, Xin R, Qian X, Tang Z, Wu J, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081510. [PMID: 30999647 PMCID: PMC6514677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical disease marked by dysregulated inflammation response and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages, which play diverse roles in the inflammatory response, are becoming therapeutic targets in ALI. In this study we investigated the effects of dehydrocostus lactone (DHL), a natural sesquiterpene, on macrophage activation and LPS-induced ALI. The macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary lung macrophages were incubated with DHL (0, 3, 5, 10 and 30 μmol/L) for 0.5 h and then challenged with LPS (100 ng/mL) for up to 8 hours. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) to induce acute lung injury (ALI) and then treated with a range of DHL doses intraperitoneally (5 to 20 mg/kg). The results showed that DHL inhibited LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS, NO, and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 p35 by suppressing the activity of NF-κB via p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling pathway in macrophages. The in vivo results revealed that DHL significantly attenuated LPS-induced pathological injury and reduced cytokines expression in the lung. NF-κB, p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling molecules were also involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. Collectively, our findings suggested that DHL is a promising agent for alleviating LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongxuan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruiting Xin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zihan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen Y, Dong J, Liu J, Xu W, Wei Z, Li Y, Wu H, Xiao H. Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation of Protective Mechanism of Aster tataricus on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E543. [PMID: 30696024 PMCID: PMC6387216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical condition that badly influences people's health. Recent studies indicated that Aster tataricus (RA) had potential effects on ALI, but the effective components and their mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that the Fraction-75 eluted from RA extract could significantly protect the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice, including alleviating the severity of lung pathology, attenuating the pulmonary edema, and reducing the release of inflammatory cells. Further ingredient analyses demonstrated that there were mainly 16 components in it, among which 10 components were collected according to their relative peak area and oral bioavailability. Next, the components-disease targets network suggested that the candidate components had extensive associations with 49 known therapeutic targets of ALI, among which 31 targets could be regulated by more than one component. Herein, GO functional and pathway analysis revealed that the common targets were associated with four biological processes, including the inflammatory response to stimulus, cellular process, chemokine biosynthetic process and immune system process. Furthermore, the ELISA validation indicated that the candidate components in RA extract may protect the LPS-induced ALI mainly through inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the repair of vascular endothelial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ziyi Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Shen Y, Feng S, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Wu J, Deng Y, Gao L, Zhang S, Li Q, Cao J. Prostaglandin E2 promotes Pam3CSK4-induced inflammation in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 200:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sheldon IM, Cronin JG, Bromfield JJ. Tolerance and Innate Immunity Shape the Development of Postpartum Uterine Disease and the Impact of Endometritis in Dairy Cattle. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:361-384. [PMID: 30359085 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the bovine uterus after parturition, but 50 years ago, cows tolerated these bacteria and few animals developed uterine disease. Now, up to 40% of dairy cattle develop postpartum uterine disease. Uterine disease causes infertility by compromising the function of not only the endometrium but also the ovary. Animals defend themselves against pathogens using tolerance and resistance mechanisms. Tolerance is the ability to limit the disease severity induced by a given pathogen burden. Resistance is the ability to limit the pathogen burden and is usually the function of immunity. Endometrial cells contribute to tolerance and have roles in innate immunity and the inflammatory response to pathogens. However, failures in endometrial tolerance and the character of the inflammatory response shape postpartum uterine disease. We propose that uterine health is more dependent on the ability of the endometrium to tolerate pathogens than the ability to resist invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; ,
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; ,
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0910, USA;
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Guo S, Jiang K, Wu H, Yang C, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhao G, Deng G. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 30214410 PMCID: PMC6125611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) which is featured by a strong pulmonary inflammation, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Magnoflorine, a quaternary alkaloid isolated from Chinese herb Magnolia or Aristolochia, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of magnoflorine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice has not been reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of magnoflorine on LPS-induced ALI and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. The results of histopathological changes as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity indicated that magnoflorine significantly alleviated the lung injury induced by LPS. In addition, qPCR results showed that magnoflorine dose-dependently decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Immunofluorescence assay also confirmed that the level of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS was inhibited by magnoflorine treatment. Further experiments were performed using Western blotting to detect the expression of related proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results showed that magnoflorine suppressed the levels of phosphorylated p65, IκBα, p38, ERK, and JNK. In conclusion, all data indicate that magnoflorine could protect against LPS-induced inflammation in ALI at least partially by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Menchetti L, Barbato O, Filipescu IE, Traina G, Leonardi L, Polisca A, Troisi A, Guelfi G, Piro F, Brecchia G. Effects of local lipopolysaccharide administration on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in uterus and oviduct of rabbit does. Theriogenology 2018; 107:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Shen Y, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Feng S, Qian Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Gao L, Fu C, Li Q, Deng Y, Cao J. PGE 2 downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses via the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 129:25-31. [PMID: 29482767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum bacterial infections of the uterus cause endometritis in dairy cows. Inflammatory responses to bacterial infections in the bovine uterus were generated through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. Among these PRRs, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is primarily responsible for LPS recognition, which triggers inflammatory responses via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB signaling activation, resulting in the expression of inflammatory mediators in mammals such as IL-8 and IL-6. Previous studies indicate that PGE2 plays an important role in bacterial endometritis, although details on the mechanism underlying how it regulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) remain elusive. In the present study, bEECs were pre-treated with exogenous PGE2 and/or PGF2α prior to LPS stimulation. With PGE2 pre-treatment, we observed an augmentation in LPS-stimulated PKA, ERK, and IκBα phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression and downregulation of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) and TLR4 in bEECs. These results indicate that LPS-induced inflammatory responses through TLR4 signaling in bEECs could be downregulated by exogenous PGE2 pre-treatment, but not PGF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Yinghong Qian
- Inner Mongolia of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, No.22, Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, 010031 Hohhot, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China.
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Griffin S, Preta G, Sheldon IM. Inhibiting mevalonate pathway enzymes increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17050. [PMID: 29213055 PMCID: PMC5719056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal health depends on the ability of immune cells to kill invading pathogens, and on the resilience of tissues to tolerate the presence of pathogens. Trueperella pyogenes causes tissue pathology in many mammals by secreting a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (PLO), which targets stromal cells. Cellular cholesterol is derived from squalene, which is synthesized via the mevalonate pathway enzymes, including HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1. The present study tested the hypothesis that inhibiting enzymes in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cellular cholesterol increases the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We first verified that depleting cellular cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin increased the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We then used siRNA to deplete mevalonate pathway enzyme gene expression, and used pharmaceutical inhibitors, atorvastatin, alendronate or zaragozic acid to inhibit the activity of HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1, respectively. These approaches successfully reduced cellular cholesterol abundance, but mevalonate pathway enzymes did not affect cellular resilience equally. Inhibiting FDFT1 was most effective, with zaragozic acid reducing the impact of PLO on cell viability. The present study provides evidence that inhibiting FDFT1 increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholeem Griffin
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Preta
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Iain Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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46
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Carneiro LC, Bedford C, Jacca S, Rosamilia A, de Lima VF, Donofrio G, Sheldon IM, Cronin JG. Coordinated Role of Toll-Like Receptor-3 and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I in the Innate Response of Bovine Endometrial Cells to Virus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:996. [PMID: 28878771 PMCID: PMC5572515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infect the uterus of cattle, often resulting in reduced fertility, or abortion of the fetus, respectively. Here, exposure of primary bovine endometrial cells to BoHV-4 or BVDV modulated the production of inflammatory mediators. Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are detected via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). However, the relative contribution of specific PRRs to innate immunity, during viral infection of the uterus, is unclear. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells constitutively express the PRR Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, but, the status of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a sensor of cytosolic nucleic acids, is unknown. Primary endometrial epithelial and stromal cells had low expression of RIG-I, which was increased in stromal cells after 12 h transfection with the TLR3 ligand Poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA. Furthermore, short interfering RNA targeting TLR3, or interferon (IFN) regulatory transcription factor 3, an inducer of type I IFN transcription, reduced Poly(I:C)-induced RIG-I protein expression and reduced inflammatory mediator secretion from stromal cells. We conclude that antiviral defense of endometrial stromal cells requires coordinated recognition of PAMPs, initially via TLR3 and later via inducible RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa C Carneiro
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Carmen Bedford
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alfonso Rosamilia
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vera F de Lima
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
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47
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Cheng P, Wang T, Li W, Muhammad I, Wang H, Sun X, Yang Y, Li J, Xiao T, Zhang X. Baicalin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation in Chicken by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28868036 PMCID: PMC5563358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of potent stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has the ability to cause cell damage by activating toll-like receptor(TLR)4, then nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocates into the nucleus and changes the expression of related inflammatory genes. Baicalin is extracted from Radix Scutellariae, which possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of it on LPS-induced liver inflammation have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalin on the LPS-induced liver inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in chicken. The results of histopathological changes, serum biochemical analysis, NO levels and myeloperoxidase activity showed that Baicalin pretreatment ameliorated LPS-induced liver inflammation. ELISA and qPCR assays showed that Baicalin dose-dependently suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly decreased by Baicalin. TLR4 is an important sensor in LPS infection. Molecular studies showed that the expression of TLR4 was inhibited by Baicalin pretreatment. In addition, Baicalin pretreatment inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway activation. All results demonstrated the protective effects of Baicalin pretreatment against LPS-induced liver inflammation in chicken via negative regulation of inflammatory mediators through the down-regulation of TLR4 expression and the inhibition of NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tianshi Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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48
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Wu H, Zhao G, Jiang K, Li C, Qiu C, Deng G. Engeletin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6171-6178. [PMID: 27411287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engeletin (dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) is a flavanonol glycoside. It can be found in the skin of white grapes and white wine and is widely distributed in southeast Asia, and the leaves are used in a tea. Here, we explored the impact of engeletin against the inflammatory reaction in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis mouse model. Engeletin treatment significantly attenuated uterus damage and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. ELISA and qPCR assays showed that engeletin dose-dependently suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Molecular studies also demonstrated that the levels of iNOS, COX-2, and TLR4, along with their downstream molecules MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, and TAK1, were also suppressed by engeletin. In addition, engeletin treatment inhibited NF-κB signaling-pathway activation. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that engeletin suppressed NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation. These data indicated the protective action of engeletin against LPS-stimulated endometritis in mice via negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators via the TLR4-regulated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Sheldon IM, Owens SE, Turner ML. Innate immunity and the sensing of infection, damage and danger in the female genital tract. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 119:67-73. [PMID: 27498991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis in the female genital tract is challenged by infection, damage, and even physiological events during reproductive cycles. We propose that the evolutionarily ancient system of innate immunity is sufficient to sense and respond to danger in the non-pregnant female genital tract. Innate immunity produces a rapidly inducible, non-specific response when cells sense danger. Here we provide a primer on innate immunity and discuss what is known about how danger signals are sensed in the endometrium and ovary, the impact of inflammatory responses on reproduction, and how endocrinology and innate immunity are integrated. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and ovarian granulosa cells express pattern recognition receptors, similar to cells of the innate immune system. These pattern recognition receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors, bind pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns. Activation of pattern recognition receptors leads to inflammation, recruitment of immune cells from the peripheral circulation, and phagocytosis. Although the inflammatory response helps maintain or restore endometrial health, there may also be negative consequences for fertility, including perturbation of oocyte competence. The intensity of the inflammatory response reflects the balance between the level of danger and the systems that regulate innate immunity, including the endocrine environment. Understanding innate immunity is important because disease and inappropriate inflammatory responses in the endometrium or ovary cause infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Siân-Eleri Owens
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matthew Lloyd Turner
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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