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Sharafutdinov I, Friedrich B, Rottner K, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A major cellular target of viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38868928 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Many viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens represent major human and animal health problems due to their great potential of causing infectious diseases. Research on these pathogens has contributed substantially to our current understanding of both microbial virulence determinants and host key factors during infection. Countless studies have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that are employed by these microbes. For example, actin cytoskeletal dynamics play critical roles in effective adhesion, host cell entry, and intracellular movements of intruding pathogens. Cortactin is an eminent host cell protein that stimulates actin polymerization and signal transduction, and recently emerged as fundamental player during host-pathogen crosstalk. Here we review the important role of cortactin as major target for various prominent viral, protozoal and fungal pathogens in humans, and its role in human disease development and cancer progression. Most if not all of these important classes of pathogens have been reported to hijack cortactin during infection through mediating up- or downregulation of cortactin mRNA and protein expression as well as signaling. In particular, pathogen-induced changes in tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status of cortactin at its major phospho-sites (Y-421, Y-470, Y-486, S-113, S-298, S-405, and S-418) are addressed. As has been reported for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, many pathogenic viruses, protozoa, and fungi also control these regulatory phospho-sites, for example, by activating kinases such as Src, PAK, ERK1/2, and PKD, which are known to phosphorylate cortactin. In addition, the recruitment of cortactin and its interaction partners, like the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin, to the contact sites between pathogens and host cells is highlighted, as this plays an important role in the infection process and internalization of several pathogens. However, there are also other ways in which the pathogens can exploit the function of cortactin for their needs, as the cortactin-mediated regulation of cellular processes is complex and involves numerous different interaction partners. Here, the current state of knowledge is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Friedrich
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Sharafutdinov I, Harrer A, Müsken M, Rottner K, Sticht H, Täger C, Naumann M, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S. Cortactin-dependent control of Par1b-regulated epithelial cell polarity in Helicobacter infection. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100161. [PMID: 38646547 PMCID: PMC11033139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell polarity is crucial for gastric mucosal barrier integrity and mainly regulated by polarity-regulating kinase partitioning-defective 1b (Par1b). During infection, the carcinogen Helicobacter pylori hijacks Par1b via the bacterial oncoprotein CagA leading to loss of cell polarity, but the precise molecular mechanism is not fully clear. Here we discovered a novel function of the actin-binding protein cortactin in regulating Par1b, which forms a complex with cortactin and the tight junction protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). We found that serine phosphorylation at S405/418 and the SH3 domain of cortactin are important for its interaction with both Par1b and ZO-1. Cortactin knockout cells displayed disturbed Par1b cellular localization and exhibited morphological abnormalities that largely compromised transepithelial electrical resistance, epithelial cell polarity, and apical microvilli. H. pylori infection promoted cortactin/Par1b/ZO-1 abnormal interactions in the tight junctions in a CagA-dependent manner. Infection of human gastric organoid-derived mucosoids supported these observations. We therefore hypothesize that CagA disrupts gastric epithelial cell polarity by hijacking cortactin, and thus Par1b and ZO-1, suggesting a new signaling pathway for the development of gastric cancer by Helicobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Täger
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Xu J, Ni M, Wang J, Zhu J, Niu G, Cui J, Li X, Meng Q, Chen R. Low-level PM 2.5 induces the occurrence of early pulmonary injury by regulating circ_0092363. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108700. [PMID: 38678936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The significant correlation between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and the high morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases has become the consensus of the research. Epidemiological studies have clearly pointed out that there is no safe concentration of PM2.5, and mechanism studies have also shown that exposure to PM2.5 will first cause pulmonary inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of early lung injury induced by low-level PM2.5 from the perspective of epigenetics. Based on the previous results of population samples, combined with an in vitro/vivo exposure model of PM2.5, it was found that low-level PM2.5 promoted the transport of circ_0092363 from intracellular to extracellular spaces. The decreased expression of intracellular circ_0092363 resulted in reduced absorption of miR-31-5p, leading to inhibition of Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and the subsequent abnormal expression of tight junction proteins such as Zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1, ultimately inducing the occurrence of early pulmonary injury. Furthermore, this study innovatively introduced organoid technology and conducted a preliminary exploration for a study of the relationship among environmental exposure genomics, epigenetics and disease genomics in organoids. The role of circ_0092363 in early pulmonary injury induced by low-level PM2.5 was elucidated, and its value as a potential diagnostic biomarker was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Mengyao Ni
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Guolei Niu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jiajing Cui
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Gene-Environment and Reproductive Health, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Moztarzadeh S, Sepic S, Hamad I, Waschke J, Radeva MY, García-Ponce A. Cortactin is in a complex with VE-cadherin and is required for endothelial adherens junction stability through Rap1/Rac1 activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38216638 PMCID: PMC10786853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is mediated by Cortactin (Cttn) and regulated by several molecules including cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate, small Rho family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether Cttn directly interacts with any of the junctional components or if Cttn intervenes with signaling pathways affecting the intercellular contacts and the cytoskeleton. To address these questions, we employed immortalized microvascular myocardial endothelial cells derived from wild-type and Cttn-knock-out mice. We found that lack of Cttn compromised barrier integrity due to fragmented membrane distribution of different junctional proteins. Moreover, immunoprecipitations revealed that Cttn is within the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction complex. In addition, lack of Cttn slowed-down barrier recovery after Ca2+ repletion. The role of Cttn for cAMP-mediated endothelial barrier regulation was analyzed using Forskolin/Rolipram. In contrast to Cttn-KO, WT cells reacted with increased transendothelial electrical resistance. Absence of Cttn disturbed Rap1 and Rac1 activation in Cttn-depleted cells. Surprisingly, despite the absence of Cttn, direct activation of Rac1/Cdc42/RhoA by CN04 increased barrier resistance and induced well-defined cortical actin and intracellular actin bundles. In summary, our data show that Cttn is required for basal barrier integrity by allowing proper membrane distribution of junctional proteins and for cAMP-mediated activation of the Rap1/Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Shimodaira Y, More SK, Hamade H, Blackwood AY, Abraham JP, Thomas LS, Miller JH, Stamps DT, Castanon SL, Jacob N, Ha CWY, Devkota S, Shih DQ, Targan SR, Michelsen KS. DR3 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Regeneration After Intestinal Barrier Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:83-105. [PMID: 37011811 PMCID: PMC10213104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member tumor necrosis factor-like protein 1A (TL1A) has been associated with the susceptibility and severity of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the function of the tumor necrosis factor-like protein 1A and its receptor death receptor 3 (DR3) in the development of intestinal inflammation is incompletely understood. We investigated the role of DR3 expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during intestinal homeostasis, tissue injury, and regeneration. METHODS Clinical phenotype and histologic inflammation were assessed in C57BL/6 (wild-type), Tl1a-/- and Dr3-/- mice in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We generated mice with an IEC-specific deletion of DR3 (Dr3ΔIEC) and assessed intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier repair. In vivo intestinal permeability was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran uptake. Proliferation of IECs was analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Expression of DR3 messenger RNA was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Small intestinal organoids were used to determine ex vivo regenerative potential. RESULTS Dr3-/- mice developed more severe colonic inflammation than wild-type mice in DSS-induced colitis with significantly impaired IEC regeneration. Homeostatic proliferation of IECs was increased in Dr3-/- mice, but blunted during regeneration. Cellular localization and expression of the tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 were altered, leading to increased homeostatic intestinal permeability. Dr3ΔIEC mice recapitulated the phenotype observed in Dr3-/- mice with increased intestinal permeability and IEC proliferation under homeostatic conditions and impaired tissue repair and increased bacterial translocation during DSS-induced colitis. Impaired regenerative potential and altered zonula occludens-1 localization also were observed in Dr3ΔIEC enteroids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a novel function of DR3 in IEC homeostasis and postinjury regeneration independent of its established role in innate lymphoid cells and T-helper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shimodaira
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shyam K More
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hussein Hamade
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna Y Blackwood
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jay P Abraham
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa S Thomas
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordan H Miller
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dalton T Stamps
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sofi L Castanon
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noam Jacob
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Connie W Y Ha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathrin S Michelsen
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Norris EG, Pan XS, Hocking DC. Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional αv-integrin agonist. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102922. [PMID: 36669646 PMCID: PMC9846890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. Here, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to bind to cell surface integrins and trigger downstream signaling pathways was assessed and compared with RGD-containing, integrin-binding fragments of fibronectin. We determined that S1-RBD supported adhesion of fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as primary human small airway epithelial cells, while RBD-coated microparticles attached to epithelial monolayers in a cation-dependent manner. Cell adhesion to S1-RBD was RGD dependent and inhibited by blocking antibodies against αv and β3 but not α5 or β1 integrins. Similarly, we observed direct binding of S1-RBD to recombinant human αvβ3 and αvβ6 integrins, but not α5β1 integrins, using surface plasmon resonance. S1-RBD adhesion initiated cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and actin stress fiber organization to a similar extent as fibronectin. Moreover, S1-RBD stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adhesion mediators FAK, Src, and paxillin; triggered Akt activation; and supported cell proliferation. Thus, the RGD sequence of S1-RBD can function as an αv-selective integrin agonist. This study provides evidence that cell surface αv-containing integrins can respond functionally to spike protein and raises the possibility that S1-mediated dysregulation of extracellular matrix dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Zhao N, Yu M, Lan B, Liang B, Zhang Y, DU K, Leng B. Simvastatin represses inflammation and cell apoptosis in COPD rats via rho/rho kinase signaling pathway. Minerva Surg 2023; 78:127-128. [PMID: 34523310 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.21.09071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang DU
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baolang Leng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China -
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Bamboo Shoot and Artemisia capillaris Extract Mixture Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5086-5103. [PMID: 36286060 PMCID: PMC9600592 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation and mucosal damage of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have demonstrated that bamboo shoot (BS) and Artemisia capillaris (AC) extracts enhance anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models. However, it is uncertain whether there is a synergistic protective effect of BS and AC in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In the current study, we tested the combined effects of BS and AC extracts (BA) on colitis using in vivo and in vitro models. Compared with control mice, oral administration of DSS exacerbated colon length and increased the disease activity index (DAI) and histological damage. In DSS-induced colitis, treatment with BA significantly alleviated DSS-induced symptoms such as colon shortening, DAI, histological damage, and colonic pro-inflammatory marker expression compared to single extracts (BS or AC) treatment. Furthermore, we found BA treatment attenuated the ROS generation, F-actin formation, and RhoA activity compared with the single extract (BS or AC) treatment in DSS-treated cell lines. Collectively, these findings suggest that BA treatment has a positive synergistic protective effect on colonic inflammation compared with single extracts, it may be a highly effective complementary natural extract mixture for the prevention or treatment of IBD.
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Wang S, Ding Y, Jiang W. CSE/H2S ameliorates colitis in mice via protection of enteric glial cells and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966881. [PMID: 36189321 PMCID: PMC9520914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric glial cells (EGCs) participate in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract, and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a vital role in colonic tight junctions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to alleviate colitis. However, the effect and mechanism of endogenous H2S on colitis remain unclear. This study established a Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) knockout mouse model, a significant source of H2S production in the gut. The role of CSE-produced H2S on EGCs and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was investigated in experimental colitis using CSE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. CSE gene knockout animals presented with disease progression, more deteriorated clinical scores, colon shortening, and histological damage. EGCs dysfunction, characterized by decreased expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, and S100A10, was observed in the colon of WT and KO mice, especially in KO mice. RhoA/ROCK pathway was significantly upregulated in colon of colitis mice, which was more evident in KO mice. Pretreatment with NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor, significantly ameliorated mucosal injury and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, we found that NaHS promoted the transformation of EGCs from “A1” to “A2” type, with decreased expression of C3 and increased expression of S100A10. These findings suggest that CSE/H2S protects mice from colon inflammation, which may be associated with preserving EGCs function by promoting EGCs transformation and inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Jiang,
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Tapia R, Hecht GA. Spef1/CLAMP binds microtubules and actin-based structures and regulates cell migration and epithelia cell polarity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:97-104. [PMID: 35710871 PMCID: PMC9796845 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During migration, cells invade, repair, and create barriers leading to the formation of new cellular contacts in target tissues. Cell migration requires many proteins that collectively form the cytoskeleton. The main cytoskeletal elements are actin filaments, microtubules (MTs), and intermediate filaments. These structures work in concert with a large number of accessory proteins that contribute in a variety of ways to regulate filament assembly and turnover, to alter the configuration or arrangement of filaments by bundling or crosslinking, to link the cytoskeleton to other structures in the cell, such as membranes and junctions, and to transport cargo along the filaments. Sperm flagella protein-1 (Spef1), also designated calponin homology and microtubules-associated protein (CLAMP), is a multifunctional protein that interacts with cytoskeletal structures, including MTs, actin filaments, and focal adhesions in epithelia. In this review, we outline Spef1/CLAMP structure and expression in several cellular models. The function of Spef1/CLAMP in flagellar and ciliary motility, MT-binding and stability, regulation of planar cell polarity, and potential contribution to the maintenance of actin-based structures, such as lamellipodia and filopodia during cell migration, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Tapia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineLoyola University Chicago, Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | - Gail A. Hecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineLoyola University Chicago, Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIllinoisUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLoyola University Chicago, Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIllinoisUSA
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Gao N, Raduka A, Rezaee F. Respiratory syncytial virus disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by decreasing cortactin and destabilizing F-actin. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259871. [PMID: 35848790 PMCID: PMC9481929 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children worldwide. Our group recently revealed that RSV infection disrupts the airway epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying molecular pathways were still elusive. Here, we report the critical roles of the filamentous actin (F-actin) network and actin-binding protein cortactin in RSV infection. We found that RSV infection causes F-actin depolymerization in 16HBE cells, and that stabilizing the F-actin network in infected cells reverses the epithelial barrier disruption. RSV infection also leads to significantly decreased cortactin in vitro and in vivo. Cortactin-knockout 16HBE cells presented barrier dysfunction, whereas overexpression of cortactin protected the epithelial barrier against RSV. The activity of Rap1 (which has Rap1A and Rap1B forms), one downstream target of cortactin, declined after RSV infection as well as in cortactin-knockout cells. Moreover, activating Rap1 attenuated RSV-induced epithelial barrier disruption. Our study proposes a key mechanism in which RSV disrupts the airway epithelial barrier via attenuating cortactin expression and destabilizing the F-actin network. The identified pathways will provide new targets for therapeutic intervention toward RSV-related disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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12
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Zheng J, Jiang Z, Song Y, Huang S, Du Y, Yang X, Xiao Y, Ma Z, Xu D, Li J. 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-Nitrostyrene Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Mouse Colitis by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866228. [PMID: 35784693 PMCID: PMC9240698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore inhibiting inflammasome activation could be a new approach to treat IBD. Inflammasome inhibitors NLRP3-IN-2, JC124, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MNS) were previously reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models but not in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis model. Here, we showed that MNS was more efficient in inhibiting the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by blocking oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) than NLRP3-IN-2 and JC124. To investigate the protective effects of MNS on enteritis, we administered intragastric MNS to DSS-induced colitis mice. The results demonstrated that MNS attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening, and pathological damage. In addition, MNS inhibited the infiltration of macrophages and inflammatory cells and reduced IL-1β and IL-12p40 pro-inflammatory cytokines but had no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6. Furthermore, we also found that the differentiation of IL-17A+interferon-γ (IFN-γ)+CD4+ T cell was decreased in the colon after MNS treatment, which might be mediated by IL-1β, etc. cytokine release. Taken together, MNS alleviated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may function as an effective therapeutic for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhang Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dakang Xu, ; Jing Li,
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Dakang Xu, ; Jing Li,
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13
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Belvitch P, Casanova N, Sun X, Camp SM, Sammani S, Brown ME, Mascarhenas J, Lynn H, Adyshev D, Siegler J, Desai A, Seyed-Saadat L, Rizzo A, Bime C, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Feng R, Letsiou E, Meyer NJ, Ellis N, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. A cortactin CTTN coding SNP contributes to lung vascular permeability and inflammatory disease severity in African descent subjects. Transl Res 2022; 244:56-74. [PMID: 35181549 PMCID: PMC9119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cortactin gene (CTTN), encoding an actin-binding protein critically involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity, contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe asthma in Black patients. As loss of lung EC integrity is a major driver of mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and the acute chest syndrome (ACS), we speculated CTTN SNPs that alter EC barrier function will associate with clinical outcomes from these types of conditions in Black patients. In case-control studies, evaluation of a nonsynonymous CTTN coding SNP Ser484Asn (rs56162978, G/A) in a severe sepsis cohort (725 Black subjects) revealed significant association with increased risk of sepsis mortality. In a separate cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects with and without ACS (177 SCD Black subjects), significantly increased risk of ACS and increased ACS severity (need for mechanical ventilation) was observed in carriers of the A allele. Human lung EC expressing the cortactin S484N transgene exhibited: (i) delayed EC barrier recovery following thrombin-induced permeability; (ii) reduced levels of critical Tyr486 cortactin phosphorylation; (iii) inhibited binding to the cytoskeletal regulator, nmMLCK; and (iv) attenuated EC barrier-promoting lamellipodia dynamics and biophysical responses. ARDS-challenged Cttn+/- heterozygous mice exhibited increased lung vascular permeability (compared to wild-type mice) which was significantly attenuated by IV delivery of liposomes encargoed with CTTN WT transgene but not by CTTN S484N transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that the CTTN S484N coding SNP contributes to severity of inflammatory injury in Black patients, potentially via delayed vascular barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joseph Mascarhenas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laleh Seyed-Saadat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alicia Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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14
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Jones NM, Sysol JR, Singla S, Smith P, Sandusky GE, Wang H, Natarajan V, Dudek SM, Machado RF. Cortactin loss protects against hemin-induced acute lung injury in sickle cell disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L890-L897. [PMID: 35503995 PMCID: PMC9169831 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00274.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common form of acute lung injury and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of ACS is complex, and hemin, the prosthetic moiety of hemoglobin, has been implicated in endothelial cell (EC) activation and subsequent acute lung injury (ALI) and ACS in vitro and in animal studies. Here, we examined the role of cortactin (CTTN), a cytoskeletal protein that regulates EC function, in response to hemin-induced ALI and ACS. Cortactin heterozygous (Cttn+/-) mice (n = 8) and their wild-type siblings (n = 8) were irradiated and subsequently received bone marrow cells (BMCs) extruded from the femurs of SCD mice (SS) to generate SS Cttn+/- and SS CttnWT chimeras. Following hemoglobin electrophoretic proof of BMC transplantation, the mice received 35 µmol/kg of hemin. Within 24 h, surviving mice were euthanized, and bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL) and lung samples were analyzed. For in vitro studies, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) were used to determine hemin-induced changes in gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cortactin deficiency and control conditions. When compared with wild-type littermates, the mortality for SS Cttn+/- mice trended to be lower after hemin infusion and these mice exhibited less severe lung injury and less necroptotic cell death. In vitro studies confirmed that cortactin deficiency is protective against hemin-induced injury in HMLVECs, by decreasing protein expression of p38/HSP27, improving cell barrier function, and decreasing the production of ROS. Further studies examining the role of CTTN in ACS are warranted and may open a new avenue of potential treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patricia Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huashan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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15
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Lartey NL, Vargas-Robles H, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, García-Ponce A, Salinas-Lara C, Rottner K, Schnoor M. The Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Sepsis Severity by Supporting Excessive Neutrophil Infiltration into the Lung. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051019. [PMID: 35625756 PMCID: PMC9139066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infection that can lead to multi-organ failure. It is characterised by an uncontrolled immune response with massive neutrophil influx into peripheral organs. Neutrophil extravasation into tissues depends on actin remodeling and actin-binding proteins such as cortactin, which is expressed ubiquitously, except for neutrophils. Endothelial cortactin is necessary for proper regulation of neutrophil transendothelial migration and recruitment to sites of infection. We therefore hypothesised that cortactin plays a crucial role in sepsis development by regulating neutrophil trafficking. Using a murine model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we showed that cortactin-deficient (KO) mice survive better due to reduced lung injury. Histopathological analysis of lungs from septic KO mice revealed absence of oedema, reduced vascular congestion and mucus deposition, and better-preserved alveoli compared to septic wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, sepsis-induced cytokine storm, excessive neutrophil infiltration into the lung and oxidative stress were significantly reduced in KO mice. Neutrophil depletion 12 h after sepsis improved survival in WT mice by averting lung injury, similar to both neutrophil-depleted and non-depleted KO mice. Our findings highlight a critical role of cortactin for lung neutrophil infiltration and sepsis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Lartey
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Idaira M. Guerrero-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Cell Biology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (N.L.L.); (H.V.-R.); (I.M.G.-F.); (A.G.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3321
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16
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Norris EG, Pan XS, Hocking DC. Receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional αv-integrin agonist. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.04.11.487882. [PMID: 35441172 PMCID: PMC9016641 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.11.487882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar respiratory coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. In the present study, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to bind to cell surface integrins and trigger downstream signaling pathways was assessed and compared to RGD-containing, integrin-binding fragments of fibronectin. S1-RBD supported adhesion of both fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cell adhesion to S1-RBD was cation- and RGD-dependent, and was inhibited by blocking antibodies against α v and β 3 , but not α 5 or β 1 , integrins. Similarly, direct binding of S1-RBD to recombinant human α v β 3 and α v β 6 integrins, but not α 5 β 1 integrins, was observed by surface plasmon resonance. Adhesion to S1-RBD initiated cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and actin stress fiber organization to a similar extent as fibronectin. Moreover, S1-RBD stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adhesion mediators FAK, Src, and paxillin, Akt activation, and supported cell proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that the RGD sequence within S1-RBD can function as an α v -selective integrin agonist. This study provides evidence that cell surface α v -containing integrins can respond functionally to spike protein and raise the possibility that S1-mediated dysregulation of ECM dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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17
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HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil-inflicted lung damage. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151214. [PMID: 35286924 PMCID: PMC10170315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains an important health problem worldwide due to inefficient treatments often resulting in multi-organ failure. Neutrophil recruitment is critical during sepsis. While neutrophils are required to combat invading bacteria, excessive neutrophil recruitment contributes to tissue damage due to their arsenal of molecular weapons that do not distinguish between host and pathogen. Thus, neutrophil recruitment needs to be fine-tuned to ensure bacterial killing, while avoiding neutrophil-inflicted tissue damage. We recently showed that the actin-binding protein HS1 promotes neutrophil extravasation; and hypothesized that HS1 is also a critical regulator of sepsis progression. We evaluated the role of HS1 in a model of lethal sepsis induced by cecal-ligation and puncture. We found that septic HS1-deficient mice had a better survival rate compared to WT mice due to absence of lung damage. Lungs of septic HS1-deficient mice showed less inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular congestion. Importantly, systemic CLP-induced neutrophil recruitment was attenuated in the lungs, the peritoneum and the cremaster in the absence of HS1. Lungs of HS1-deficient mice produced significantly more interleukin-10. Compared to WT neutrophils, those HS1-deficient neutrophils that reached the lungs had increased surface levels of Gr-1, ICAM-1, and L-selectin. Interestingly, HS1-deficient neutrophils had similar F-actin content and phagocytic activity, but they failed to polymerize actin and deform in response to CXCL-1 likely explaining the reduced systemic neutrophil recruitment in HS1-deficient mice. Our data show that HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil recruitment to amounts sufficient to combat bacterial infection, but insufficient to induce tissue damage.
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18
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Gao S, Chao Y, Li N, Li H, Zhao H, Liu X, Chen W, Dong X. An Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Strategy for the Mechanism of Calcium Oxalate Crystal-Induced Kidney Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:805356. [PMID: 35308536 PMCID: PMC8927618 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.805356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the pathological repair reaction of the kidney to chronic injury, which is an important process of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressing to end-stage renal failure. Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common renal diseases, with waist and abdomen pain, hematuria, urinary tract infection, and other clinical symptoms, which can increase the risk of renal fibrosis. Oxalate crystal-induced kidney injury is an early stage of nephrolithiasis; it is of great significance to explore the mechanism for the prevention and treatment of nephrolithiasis. A rodent model of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced kidney injury was used in the present study, and a network analysis method combining proteomics and metabolomics was conducted to reveal the mechanism of crystal kidney injury and to provide potential targets for the intervention of nephrolithiasis. Using the metabolomics method based on the UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS platform and the iTRAQ quantitative proteomics method, we screened a total of 244 metabolites and 886 proteins from the kidney tissues that had significant changes in the Crystal group compared with that in the Control group. Then, the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was applied to construct a protein-to-metabolic regulatory network by correlating and integrating differential metabolites and proteins. The results showed that CaOx crystals could induce inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress through Akt, ERK1/2, and P38 MAPK pathways and affect amino acid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation to result in kidney injury, thus providing an important direction for the early prevention and treatment of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Henghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinru Liu
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Wei Chen
| | - Xin Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Xin Dong
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19
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Long J, Liu XK, Kang ZP, Wang MX, Zhao HM, Huang JQ, Xiao QP, Liu DY, Zhong YB. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorated experimental colitis by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174742. [PMID: 34999087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant M1/M2 macrophage polarization and dysbiosis are involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibits optimal immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in treating UC of humans and animals, but the action mechanism through the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and intestinal flora composition remain unclear. Here, experimental colitis was induced in BALB/c mice using dextran sulfate sodium, and Rock1 inhibitor Y27632 was used to explore the action mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1. Following treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (200 mg/kg/day) and Y27632 (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days, the rate of change in mouse body weight, mouse final weight, colonic weight, colonic length, colonic weight index and pathological damage scores of colitis mice were effectively improved, accompanied by less ulcer formation and inflammatory cell infiltration, lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-33, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and higher IL-4 and IL-10. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 significantly down-regulated CD11b+F4/80+, CD11b+F4/80+Tim-1+ and CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+ macrophages, and CD11b+F4/80+iNOS+ M1 macrophages, and significantly up-regulated CD11b+F4/80+CD206+ and CD11b+F4/80+CD163+ M2 macrophages in colitis mice; concomitantly, ginsenoside Rg1 improved the diversity of colonic microbiota and regulated Lachnospiraceae, Staphylococcus, Bacteroide and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 at genus level in colitis mice, but the flora regulated by Y27632 was not identical to it. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 down-regulated the protein levels of Rock1, RhoA and Nogo-B in colitis mice. These results suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 ameliorated colitis by regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization and microbiota composition, associated with inhibition of the Nogo-B/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Xue Wang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Zhang X, Ma L, Shen Y, Zhang C, Hou B, Zhou Y. Transcription factor paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)13, which promotes the dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction of NCM460 cells. Bioengineered 2021; 13:645-654. [PMID: 34967278 PMCID: PMC8805821 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a newly identified transcription factor that regulates the expression of various genes. We aimed to investigate the roles of PRRX1 and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)13 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction of NCM460 cells. PRRX1 expression in the mucosal tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis was analyzed using the GSE87466 microarray. PRRX1 and MMP13 expression was examined using Western blotting and RT-qPCR following the exposure of the NCM460 cells to DSS. The JASPAR database was used to predict the binding sites of PRRX1 to the MMP13 promoter, which was verified by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. MMP13 expression was then detected following PRRX1 silencing or overexpression. The levels of inflammatory factors were determined using ELISA. Finally, the expression of intestinal barrier function-related proteins was evaluated using Western blotting and cellular permeability was detected by Transepithelial electrical resistance. PRRX1 was upregulated in the mucosal tissue samples of patients with UC. DSS induction upregulated PRRX1 and MMP13 expression. PRRX1 bound to the promoter of MMP13, which was further supported by the decreased expression of MMP13 observed following PRRX1 knockdown and its increased expression following PRRX1 overexpression. Furthermore, PRRX1 deletion decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the DSS-challenged NCM460 cells, which were subjected to MMP13 overexpression. Moreover, PRRX1 silencing upregulated ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 expression and elevated the TEER value, whereas MMP13 overexpression attenuated these effects. Collectively, PRRX1 activates MMP13, which in turn promotes the DSS-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction of NCM460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lizhuan Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Endoscopic Therapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Bingxu Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Kwak SY, Jang WI, Park S, Cho SS, Lee SB, Kim MJ, Park S, Shim S, Jang H. Metallothionein 2 activation by pravastatin reinforces epithelial integrity and ameliorates radiation-induced enteropathy. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103641. [PMID: 34688032 PMCID: PMC8546423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation causes severe damage of healthy intestinal tissues. Intestinal barrier function is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, and loss of epithelial integrity results in mucosal inflammation, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia. Few studies have of epithelial integrity as a therapeutic target to treat radiation toxicity. Here, we examined the effects of pravastatin (PS) and the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial integrity on radiation-induced enteropathy. Methods The radio-mitigative effects of PS were evaluated in a minipig model by quantifying clinical symptoms, and performing histological and serological analyses and mRNA sequencing in intestinal tissues. To evaluate the role of intercellular junctions on radiation damage, we used tight junction regulator and metallothionein 2 (MT2) as treatments in a mouse model of radiation-induced enteropathy. Caco-2 monolayers were used to examine functional epithelial integrityand intercellular junction expression. Finding Using a minipig model of pharmaceutical oral bioavailability, we found that PS mitigated acute radiation-induced enteropathy. PS-treated irradiated minipigs had mild clinical symptoms, lower intestinal inflammation and endotoxin levels, and improved gastrointestinal integrity, compared with control group animals. The results of mRNA sequencing analysis indicated that PS treatment markedly influenced intercellular junctions by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling in the irradiated intestinal epithelium. The PS-regulated gene MT2 improved the epithelial barrier via enhancement of intercellular junctions in radiation-induced enteropathy. Interpretation PS regulated epithelial integrity by modulating MT2 in radiation-damaged epithelial cells. These findings suggested that maintenance of epithelial integrity is a novel therapeutic target for treatment of radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage. Funding As stated in the Acknowledgments
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwak
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Park
- Comprehensive Radiation Irradiation Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sik Cho
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang M, Zhong G, Zhu Y, Wang L, He Y, Sun Q, Wu X, You X, Gao S, Tang D, Wang D. Retardant effect of dihydroartemisinin on ulcerative colitis in a JAK2/STAT3-dependent manner. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1113-1123. [PMID: 34259316 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative and the main active metabolite of artemisinin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA on the ulcerative colitis (UC) in both in vivo and in vitro models. Weight, survival rate, colon length, and Disease Activity Index score were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expressions of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The expressions of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the phosphorylation of JAK2 (p-JAK2) and STAT3 (p-STAT3), were measured by western blot analysis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of tight junction proteins. We found that the weights and colon lengths of mice in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)+DHA group were significantly lower and longer than those in the DSS group, respectively. Compared with those in the DSS group, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the DSS+DHA and DSS+5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) groups were decreased, while the expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated. DHA largely increased the expressions of zonula occludens-1 and occludin. Western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in DSS+DHA and DSS+5-ASA groups were significantly lower than those in DSS group. DHA has a specific therapeutic effect on UC. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHA is related to the blockage of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that DHA may be a useful drug and is expected to become a promising new treatment for human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | | | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Yangzhou Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liuhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Yangzhou Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Brusatol-Enriched Brucea javanica Oil Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice: Involvement of NF- κB and RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5561221. [PMID: 34414236 PMCID: PMC8370821 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5561221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brucea javanica oil (BJO) is beneficial for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), and that quassinoids in particular brusatol are bioactive components. However, it is still uncertain whether or not other components in BJO, such as oleic acid and fatty acids, have an anti-UC effect. The present study is aimed at comparing the anti-UC effects between brusatol-enriched BJO (BE-BJO) and brusatol-free BJO (BF-BJO) and at exploring the effects and mechanisms of BE-BJO on colon inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Balb/C mice received 3% (wt/vol) DSS for one week to establish the UC model. Different doses of BE-BJO, BF-BJO, or BJO were treated. The result illustrated that BE-BJO alleviated DSS-induced loss of body weight, an increase of disease activity index (DAI), and a shortening of colon, whereas BF-BJO did not have these protective effects. BE-BJO treatment improved the morphology of colon tissue, inhibited the production and release of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β in the colon tissue, and reversed the decreased expressions of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and E-cadherin induced by DSS but augmented claudin-2 expression. Mechanistically, BE-BJO repressed phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit p65, suppressed RhoA activation, downregulated ROCK, and prevented phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in DSS-treated mice, indicating that the protective effect of BE-BJO is attributed to suppression of NF-κB and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways. These findings confirm that brusatol is an active component from BJO in the treatment of UC.
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Protective Effect of the Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extract on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7422792. [PMID: 34408782 PMCID: PMC8367538 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7422792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The flower of Abelmoschus manihot (AM) has been widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis. This paper aimed to confirm the therapeutic effect of AM on ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore its mechanism. Methods Mouse models were induced by 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with AM. UC signs, symptoms, colon macroscopic lesion scores, and disease activity index (DAI) scores were observed. Colon levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA. The colon protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase 1 p10, β-arrestin1, ZO-1, occludin-1, and claudin-1 were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 p10 in the colon were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results After treatment with AM, the mortality of mice, pathological damage to the colon, splenomegaly, and the spleen coefficient were decreased. AM reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17, and TNF-α) and increased the level of IL-10. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 in colon tissue were decreased by AM in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AM also reduced the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase 1 p10, IL-1β, IL-18, and β-arrestin1 in the colon tissue of model mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that AM increased the expression of occludin-1, claudin-1, and ZO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This study shows that AM has a significant therapeutic effect on mice with UC, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the β-arrestin1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and the protection of intestinal barrier function.
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Knorr J, Sharafutdinov I, Fiedler F, Soltan Esmaeili D, Rohde M, Rottner K, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin Is Required for Efficient FAK, Src and Abl Tyrosine Kinase Activation and Phosphorylation of Helicobacter pylori CagA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116045. [PMID: 34205064 PMCID: PMC8199859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is a well-known regulatory protein of the host actin cytoskeleton and represents an attractive target of microbial pathogens like Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori manipulates cortactin's phosphorylation status by type-IV secretion-dependent injection of its virulence protein CagA. Multiple host tyrosine kinases, like FAK, Src, and Abl, are activated during infection, but the pathway(s) involved is (are) not yet fully established. Among them, Src and Abl target CagA and stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the latter at its EPIYA-motifs. To investigate the role of cortactin in more detail, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of cortactin in AGS gastric epithelial cells. Surprisingly, we found that FAK, Src, and Abl kinase activities were dramatically downregulated associated with widely diminished CagA phosphorylation in cortactin knockout cells compared to the parental control. Together, we report here a yet unrecognized cortactin-dependent signaling pathway involving FAK, Src, and Abl activation, and controlling efficient phosphorylation of injected CagA during infection. Thus, the cortactin status could serve as a potential new biomarker of gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Knorr
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Florian Fiedler
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Delara Soltan Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (I.S.); (F.F.); (D.S.E.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Mahurkar-Joshi S, Rankin CR, Videlock EJ, Soroosh A, Verma A, Khandadash A, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C, Mayer EA, Chang L. The Colonic Mucosal MicroRNAs, MicroRNA-219a-5p, and MicroRNA-338-3p Are Downregulated in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Are Associated With Barrier Function and MAPK Signaling. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2409-2422.e19. [PMID: 33617890 PMCID: PMC8169529 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) and in the intestinal barrier are putative risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to identify differentially expressed colonic mucosal miRNAs, their targets in IBS compared to healthy controls (HCs), and putative downstream pathways. METHODS Twenty-nine IBS patients (15 IBS with constipation [IBS-C], 14 IBS with diarrhea [IBS-D]), and 15 age-matched HCs underwent sigmoidoscopy with biopsies. A nCounter array was used to assess biopsy specimen-associated miRNA levels. A false discovery rate (FDR) < 10% was considered significant. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate differentially expressed genes. To assess barrier function, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and dextran flux assays were performed on Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells that were transfected with miRNA-inhibitors or control inhibitors. Protein expression of barrier function associated genes was confirmed using western blots. RESULTS Four out of 247 miRNAs tested were differentially expressed in IBS compared to HCs (FDR < 10%). Real-time PCR validation suggested decreased levels of miR-219a-5p and miR-338-3p in IBS (P = .026 and P = .004), and IBS-C (P = .02 and P = .06) vs. HCs as the strongest associations. Inhibition of miR-219a-5p resulted in altered expression of proteasome/barrier function genes. Functionally, miR-219a-5p inhibition enhanced the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells as TEER was reduced (25-50%, P < .05) and dextran flux was increased (P < .01). Additionally, inhibition of miR-338-3p in cells caused alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway genes. CONCLUSION Two microRNAs that potentially affect permeability and visceral nociception were identified to be altered in IBS patients. MiR-219a-5p and miR-338-3p potentially alter barrier function and visceral hypersensitivity via neuronal and MAPK signaling and could be therapeutic targets in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Carl Robert Rankin
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Elizabeth Jane Videlock
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Artin Soroosh
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Abhishek Verma
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Ariela Khandadash
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Chánez-Paredes S, Montoya-García A, Castro-Ochoa KF, García-Cordero J, Cedillo-Barrón L, Shibayama M, Nava P, Flemming S, Schlegel N, Gautreau AM, Vargas-Robles H, Mondragón-Flores R, Schnoor M. The Arp2/3 Inhibitory Protein Arpin Is Required for Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625719. [PMID: 34012961 PMCID: PMC8128147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) depends on stable interepithelial protein complexes such as tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and the actin cytoskeleton. During inflammation, the IEB is compromised due to TJ protein internalization and actin remodeling. An important actin regulator is the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, which induces actin branching. Activation of Arp2/3 by nucleation-promoting factors is required for the formation of epithelial monolayers, but little is known about the relevance of Arp2/3 inhibition and endogenous Arp2/3 inhibitory proteins for IEB regulation. We found that the recently identified Arp2/3 inhibitory protein arpin was strongly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Arpin expression decreased in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interferon (IFN)γ treatment, whereas the expression of gadkin and protein interacting with protein C-kinase α-subunit 1 (PICK1), other Arp2/3 inhibitors, remained unchanged. Of note, arpin coprecipitated with the TJ proteins occludin and claudin-1 and the AJ protein E-cadherin. Arpin depletion altered the architecture of both AJ and TJ, increased actin filament content and actomyosin contractility, and significantly increased epithelial permeability, demonstrating that arpin is indeed required for maintaining IEB integrity. During experimental colitis in mice, arpin expression was also decreased. Analyzing colon tissues from ulcerative colitis patients by Western blot, we found different arpin levels with overall no significant changes. However, in acutely inflamed areas, arpin was significantly reduced compared to non-inflamed areas. Importantly, patients receiving mesalazine had significantly higher arpin levels than untreated patients. As arpin depletion (theoretically meaning more active Arp2/3) increased permeability, we wanted to know whether Arp2/3 inhibition would show the opposite. Indeed, the specific Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666 ameliorated TNFα/IFNγ-induced permeability in established Caco-2 monolayers by preventing TJ disruption. CK666 treatment also attenuated colitis development, colon tissue damage, TJ disruption, and permeability in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that loss of arpin triggers IEB dysfunction during inflammation and that low arpin levels can be considered a novel hallmark of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shi Y, Leng Y, Liu D, Liu X, Ren Y, Zhang J, Chen F. Research Advances in Protective Effects of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid Against Gastrointestinal Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:413-435. [PMID: 33622215 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract plays an essential role in protecting tissues from the invasion of external harmful substances due to impaired barrier function. Furthermore, it participates in immunomodulation by intestinal microorganisms, which is important in health. When the intestinal tract is destroyed, it can lose its protective function, resulting in multiple systemic complications. In severe cases, it may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thus far, there are no curative therapies for intestinal mucosal barrier injury, other than a few drugs that can relieve symptoms. Thus, the development of novel curative agents for gastrointestinal diseases remains a challenge. Ursolic acid (UA) and its isomer, Oleanolic acid (OA), are pentacyclic triterpene acid compounds. Both their aglycone and glycoside forms have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, anticancer, antidiabetic, cardio protective, hepatoprotective, and anti-neurodegenerative properties in living organisms. In recent years, several studies have shown that UA and OA can reduce the risk of intestinal pathological injury, alleviate intestinal dysfunction, and restore intestinal barrier function. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of UA and OA on intestinal damage and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Disheng Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Recruitment of Polarity Complexes and Tight Junction Proteins to the Site of Apical Bulk Endocytosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:59-80. [PMID: 33548596 PMCID: PMC8082271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular motor, Myosin Vb (MYO5B), is well documented for its role in trafficking cargo to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Despite its involvement in regulating apical proteins, the role of MYO5B in cell polarity is less clear. Inactivating mutations in MYO5B result in microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), a disorder characterized by loss of key apical transporters and the presence of intracellular inclusions in enterocytes. We previously identified that inclusions in Myo5b knockout (KO) mice form from invagination of the apical brush border via apical bulk endocytosis. Herein, we sought to elucidate the role of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins during the formation of inclusions. METHODS Intestinal tissue from neonatal control and Myo5b KO littermates was analyzed by immunofluorescence to determine the localization of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins. RESULTS Proteins that make up the apical polarity complexes-Crumbs3 and Pars complexes-were associated with inclusions in Myo5b KO mice. In addition, tight junction proteins were observed to be concentrated over inclusions that were present at the apical membrane of Myo5b-deficient enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Our mouse findings are complemented by immunostaining in a large animal swine model of MVID genetically engineered to express a human MVID-associated mutation that shows an accumulation of Claudin-2 over forming inclusions. The findings from our swine model of MVID suggest that a similar mechanism of tight junction accumulation occurs in patients with MVID. CONCLUSIONS These data show that apical bulk endocytosis involves the altered localization of apical polarity proteins and tight junction proteins after loss of Myo5b.
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Mucin-2 knockout is a model of intercellular junction defects, mitochondrial damage and ATP depletion in the intestinal epithelium. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21135. [PMID: 33273633 PMCID: PMC7713437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the protective intestinal barrier—the ‘leaky gut’—is a common complication of the inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited data on the mechanisms of the intestinal barrier disruption upon low-grade inflammation characteristic of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. Thus, animal models that recapitulate the complexity of chronic intestinal inflammation in vivo are of particular interest. In this study, we used Mucin-2 (Muc2) knockout mice predisposed to colitis to study intestinal barrier upon chronic inflammation. We used 4-kDa FITC-Dextran assay and transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate the increased intestinal permeability and morphological defects in intercellular junctions in Muc2 knockout mice. Confocal microscopy revealed the disruption of the apical F-actin cytoskeleton and delocalization of tight junction protein Claudin-3 from the membrane. We further demonstrate mitochondrial damage, impaired oxygen consumption and the reduction of the intestinal ATP content in Muc2 knockout mice. Finally, we show that chemically induced mitochondrial uncoupling in the wild type mice mimics the intestinal barrier disruption in vivo and causes partial loss of F-actin and membrane localization of Claudin-3. We propose that mitochondrial damage and metabolic shifts during chronic inflammation contribute to the leaky gut syndrome in Muc2 knockout animal model of colitis.
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31
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Lechuga S, Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Cruise M, Ervasti JM, Ivanov AI. Loss of β-Cytoplasmic Actin in the Intestinal Epithelium Increases Gut Barrier Permeability in vivo and Exaggerates the Severity of Experimental Colitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588836. [PMID: 33195251 PMCID: PMC7644907 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier is critical for the maintenance of normal gut homeostasis and disruption of this barrier may trigger or exaggerate mucosal inflammation. The actin cytoskeleton is a key regulator of barrier structure and function, controlling the assembly and permeability of epithelial adherens and tight junctions. Epithelial cells express two actin isoforms: a β-cytoplasmic actin and γ-cytoplasmic actin. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that these actin isoforms play distinctive roles in establishing the intestinal epithelial barrier, by controlling the organization of different junctional complexes. It remains unknown, whether β-actin and γ-actin have unique or redundant functions in regulating the gut barrier in vivo. To address this question, we selectively knocked out β-actin expression in mouse intestinal epithelium. Mice with intestinal epithelial knockout of β-actin do not display gastrointestinal abnormalities or gross alterations of colonic mucosal architecture. This could be due to compensatory upregulation of γ-actin expression. Despite such compensation, β-actin knockout mice demonstrate increased intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these animals show more severe clinical symptoms during dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis, compared to control littermates. Such exaggerated colitis is associated with the higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, increased macrophage infiltration in the gut, and accelerated mucosal cell death. Consistently, intestinal organoids generated from β-actin knockout mice are more sensitive to tumor necrosis factor induced cell death, ex vivo. Overall, our data suggests that β-actin functions as an essential regulator of gut barrier integrity in vivo, and plays a tissue protective role during mucosal injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Feygin
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michael Cruise
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Kelley CA, De Henau S, Bell L, Dansen TB, Cram EJ. Redox signaling modulates Rho activity and tissue contractility in the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1486-1497. [PMID: 32374641 PMCID: PMC7359568 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-based contractility in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells is regulated by signaling through the small GTPase Rho and by calcium-activated pathways. We use the myoepithelial cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca to study the mechanisms of coordinated myosin activation in vivo. Here, we show that redox signaling modulates RHO-1/Rho activity in this contractile tissue. Exogenously added as well as endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide decreases spermathecal contractility by inhibition of RHO-1, which depends on a conserved cysteine in its nucleotide binding site (C20). Further, we identify an endogenous gradient of H2O2 across the spermathecal tissue, which depends on the activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase, SOD-1. Collectively, we show that SOD-1-mediated H2O2 production regulates the redox environment and fine tunes Rho activity across the spermatheca through oxidation of RHO-1 C20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha De Henau
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liam Bell
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Lechuga S, Ivanov AI. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics during mucosal inflammation: a view from broken epithelial barriers. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 19:10-16. [PMID: 32728653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of epithelial barriers is a key pathogenic event of mucosal inflammation: It ignites the exaggerated immune response and accelerates tissue damage. Loss of barrier function is attributed to the abnormal structure and permeability of epithelial adherens junctions and tight junctions, driven by inflammatory stimuli through a variety of cellular mechanisms. This review focuses on roles of the actin cytoskeleton in mediating disruption of epithelial junctions and creation of leaky barriers in inflamed tissues. We summarize recent advances in understanding the role of cytoskeletal remodeling driven by actin filament turnover and myosin II-dependent contractility in the homeostatic regulation of epithelial barriers and barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We also discuss how the altered biochemical and physical environment of the inflamed tissues could affect the dynamics of the junction-associated actomyosin cytoskeleton, leading to the disruption of epithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Shi Y, Dai S, Qiu C, Wang T, Zhou Y, Xue C, Yao J, Xu Y. MicroRNA-219a-5p suppresses intestinal inflammation through inhibiting Th1/Th17-mediated immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:303-312. [PMID: 31628427 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-219a-5p has been implicated in the development of numerous progression of carcinoma and autoimmune diseases. However, whether miR-219a-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-219a-5p expression was significantly decreased in the inflamed intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood (PB)-CD4+ T cells from patients with IBD. Proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and TNF-α) inhibited miR-219a-5p expression in CD4+ T cells in vitro. Lentivirus-mediated miR-219a-5p downregulation facilitated Th1/Th17 cell differentiation, whereas miR-219a-5p overexpression exerted an opposite effect. Luciferase assays confirmed that ETS variant 5 (ETV5) was a functional target of miR-219a-5p and ETV5 expression was significantly increased in the inflamed intestinal mucosa and PB-CD4+ T cells from IBD patients. ETV5 overexpression enhanced Th1/Th17 immune response through upregulating the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT4. Importantly, supplementation of miR-219a-5p ameliorated TNBS-induced intestinal mucosal inflammation, characterized by decreased IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and IL-17A+ CD4+ T cells infiltration in the colonic lamina propria. Our data thus reveal a novel mechanism whereby miR-219a-5p suppresses intestinal inflammation through inhibiting Th1/Th17-mediated immune responses. miR-219a-5p might be a target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Shenglan Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Caiyu Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Cuihua Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
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Tapia R, Perez-Yepez EA, Carlino MJ, Karandikar UC, Kralicek SE, Estes MK, Hecht GA. Sperm Flagellar 1 Binds Actin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Contributes to Formation of Filopodia and Lamellipodia. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1544-1555.e3. [PMID: 31473225 PMCID: PMC7016487 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sperm flagellar 1 (also called CLAMP) is a microtubule-associated protein that regulates microtubule dynamics and planar cell polarity in multi-ciliated cells. We investigated the localization and function of sperm flagellar 1, or CLAMP, in human intestinal epithelia cells (IECs). METHODS We performed studies with SKCO-15 and human intestinal enteroids established from biopsies from different intestinal segments (duodenal, jejunum, ileal, and colon) of a single donor. Enteroids were induced to differentiation after incubation with growth factors. The distribution of endogenous CLAMP in IECs was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy using total internal reflection fluorescence-ground state depletion and confocal microscopy. CLAMP localization was followed during the course of intestinal epithelial cell polarization as cells progressed from flat to compact, confluent monolayers. Protein interactions with endogenous CLAMP were determined in SKCO-15 cells using proximity ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation. CLAMP was knocked down in SKCO-15 monolayers using small hairpin RNAs and cells were analyzed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence microscopy. The impact of CLAMP knock-down in migrating SKCO-15 cells was assessed using scratch-wound assays. RESULTS CLAMP bound to actin and apical junctional complex proteins but not microtubules in IECs. In silico analysis predicted the calponin-homology domain of CLAMP to contain conserved amino acids required for actin binding. During IEC polarization, CLAMP distribution changed from primarily basal stress fibers and cytoplasm in undifferentiated cells to apical membranes and microvilli in differentiated monolayers. CLAMP accumulated in lamellipodia and filopodia at the leading edge of migrating cells in association with actin. CLAMP knock-down reduced the number of filopodia, perturbed filopodia polarity, and altered the organization of actin filaments within lamellipodia. CONCLUSIONS CLAMP is an actin-binding protein, rather than a microtubule-binding protein, in IECs. CLAMP distribution changes during intestinal epithelial cell polarization, regulates the formation of filopodia, and appears to assist in the organization of actin bundles within lamellipodia of migrating IECs. Studies are needed to define the CLAMP domains that interact with actin and whether its loss from IECs affects intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Tapia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology,Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gail A. Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago,Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois
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Non-hematopoietic STAT6 induces epithelial tight junction dysfunction and promotes intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1304-1315. [PMID: 31534167 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced gut permeability due to dysregulated epithelial tight junction is often associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which have a greater risk for developing colorectal cancer. STAT6 activation was detected in inflamed colonic epithelium of active IBD patients, suggesting a role of epithelial STAT6 in colitis development. Here, we demonstrated that non-hematopoietic STAT6, but not hematopoietic STAT6, triggered DSS-induced colitis and subsequent tumorigenesis. This could be due to the enhancing-effect of STAT6 on gut permeability and microbiota translocation via interruption of epithelial tight junction integrity. Mechanistically, long-myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK1) was identified as a target of STAT6, leading to epithelial tight junction dysfunction and microbiota-driven colitis. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-13, which was primarily derived from type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in a microbiota-dependent way, inhibited epithelial STAT6 activation and improved gut permeability and DSS-induced colitis. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of STAT6 reduces murine intestinal tumor formation, and tumoral p-STAT6 levels positively correlated to the clinical stage and poor prognosis of human colorectal cancer. Thus, our study reveals a direct role of STAT6 in the disruption of epithelial tight junction integrity and colitis development, and suggests STAT6 as a potential therapeutic and prophylactic target for IBD and colitis-associated cancer.
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Wan SZ, Liu C, Huang CK, Luo FY, Zhu X. Ursolic Acid Improves Intestinal Damage and Bacterial Dysbiosis in Liver Fibrosis Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1321. [PMID: 31736766 PMCID: PMC6838135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible process of extracellular matrix deposition or scar formation after liver injury. Intestinal damage and bacterial dysbiosis are important concomitant intestinal changes in liver fibrosis and may in turn accelerate the progression of liver fibrosis through the gut-liver axis. RhoA, an important factor in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, plays an important role in intestinal damage. We investigated the effects of ursolic acid (UA), a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-fibrotic effects, on intestinal damage and bacterial disorder through the RhoA pathway. UA treatment reduced intestinal damage by inhibiting the inflammatory factor TNF-α and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and antibacterial peptides to protect the intestinal barrier. Moreover, the corrective effect of UA on bacterial dysbiosis was also confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Potential beneficial bacteria, such as the phylum Firmicutes and the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were increased in the UA group compared to the CCl4 group. In liver fibrosis mice with RhoA inhibition via injection of adeno-associated virus, the liver fibrosis, intestinal damage, and flora disturbances were improved. Moreover, UA inhibited the expression of RhoA pathway components. In conclusion, UA improves intestinal damage and bacterial dysbiosis partly via the RhoA pathway. This may be a potential mechanism by which UA exerts its anti-fibrotic effects and provides effective theoretical support for the future use of UA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Zhe Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen-Kai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang-Yun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Vargas-Robles H, Castro-Ochoa KF, Citalán-Madrid AF, Schnoor M. Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4181-4198. [PMID: 31435172 PMCID: PMC6700707 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide. The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold, and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis. While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable, chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases) are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation. There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. Unfortunately, most drugs can have severe side effects. Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models, and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies. Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Protective effects of oxymatrine against DSS-induced acute intestinal inflammation in mice via blocking the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182297. [PMID: 31262973 PMCID: PMC6639456 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is an important quinoxaline alkaloid that has a wide range of pharmacological effects and has been shown to alleviate ulcerative colitis due to its profound anti-inflammatory effects. The RhoA/ROCK (Rho kinase) signaling pathway has been shown to be related to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases; however, the specific mechanisms of RhoA/ROCK signaling in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain elusive. Therefore, we sought to determine whether OMT could ameliorate acute intestinal inflammation by targeting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. The potential therapeutic effect of OMT on acute intestinal inflammation and its impact on the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway were assessed in six groups of mice treated with low, medium and high doses of OMT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), and an inhibitor of ROCK, Y-27632, as a positive control, after initiating dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute intestinal inflammation. The model group and normal group were injected intraperitoneally with equal doses of PBS. Our results showed that OMT treatment could protect the integrity of the epithelial barrier, relieve oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, restrain the differentiation of Th17 cells and promote the differentiation of Treg cells via inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, thus providing therapeutic benefits for ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway might be a new approach that can be used in UC therapy, which deserves to be investigated further.
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Homoectoine Protects Against Colitis by Preventing a Claudin Switch in Epithelial Tight Junctions. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:409-420. [PMID: 30269272 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial disorders affecting millions of people worldwide with alarmingly increasing incidences every year. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier is associated with IBD pathogenesis, and therapies include anti-inflammatory drugs that enhance intestinal barrier function. However, these drugs often have adverse side effects thus warranting the search for alternatives. Compatible solutes such as bacterial ectoines stabilize cell membranes and proteins. AIM To unravel whether ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and homoectoine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1H-(1,3)-diazepine-4-carboxylic acid), a synthetic derivative of ectoine, have beneficial effects during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS/RESULTS We found that the disease activity index was significantly reduced by both ectoines. DSS-induced edema formation, epithelial permeability, leukocyte recruitment and tissue damage were reduced by ectoine and homoectoine, with the latter having stronger effects. Interestingly, the claudin switch usually observed during colitis (decreased expression of claudin-1 and increased expression of the leaky claudin-2) was completely prevented by homoectoine, whereas ectoine only reduced claudin-2 expression. Concomitantly, only homoectoine ameliorated the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α in Caco-2 cells. Both ectoines inhibited loss of ZO-1 and occludin and prevented IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced increased paracellular flux of 4 kDa FITC-dextran in vitro. Moreover, both ectoines reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress during colitis. CONCLUSION While both ectoine and homoectoine have protective effects on the epithelial barrier during inflammation, only homoectoine completely prevented the inflammatory claudin switch in tight junctions. Thus, homoectoine may serve as diet supplement in IBD patients to reach or extend remission.
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Jardine S, Dhingani N, Muise AM. TTC7A: Steward of Intestinal Health. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:555-570. [PMID: 30553809 PMCID: PMC6406079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, coupled with the efficiency of whole-exome sequencing, has led to the identification of tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) as a steward of intestinal health. TTC7A deficiency is an autosomal-recessively inherited disease. In the 5 years since the original description, more than 50 patients with more than 20 distinct disease-causing TTC7A mutations have been identified. Patients show heterogenous intestinal and immunologic disease manifestations, including but not limited to multiple intestinal atresias, very early onset inflammatory bowel disease, loss of intestinal architecture, apoptotic enterocolitis, combined immunodeficiency, and various extraintestinal features related to the skin and/or hair. The focus of this review is to highlight trends in patient phenotypes and to consolidate functional data related to the role of TTC7A in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. TTC7A deficiency is fatal in approximately two thirds of patients, and, as more patients continue to be discovered, elucidating the comprehensive role of TTC7A could show druggable targets that may benefit the growing cohort of individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Jardine
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neel Dhingani
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Choksi YA, Reddy VK, Singh K, Barrett CW, Short SP, Parang B, Keating CE, Thompson JJ, Verriere TG, Brown RE, Piazuelo MB, Bader DM, Washington MK, Mittal MK, Brand T, Gobert AP, Coburn LA, Wilson KT, Williams CS. BVES is required for maintenance of colonic epithelial integrity in experimental colitis by modifying intestinal permeability. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1363-1374. [PMID: 29907869 PMCID: PMC6162166 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES), or POPDC1, is a tight junction-associated transmembrane protein that modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via junctional signaling pathways. There have been no in vivo studies investigating the role of BVES in colitis. We hypothesized that BVES is critical for maintaining colonic epithelial integrity. At baseline, Bves-/- mouse colons demonstrate increased crypt height, elevated proliferation, decreased apoptosis, altered intestinal lineage allocation, and dysregulation of tight junctions with functional deficits in permeability and altered intestinal immunity. Bves-/- mice inoculated with Citrobacter rodentium had greater colonic injury, increased colonic and mesenteric lymph node bacterial colonization, and altered immune responses after infection. We propose that increased bacterial colonization and translocation result in amplified immune responses and worsened injury. Similarly, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment resulted in greater histologic injury in Bves-/- mice. Two different human cell lines (Caco2 and HEK293Ts) co-cultured with enteropathogenic E. coli showed increased attaching/effacing lesions in the absence of BVES. Finally, BVES mRNA levels were reduced in human ulcerative colitis (UC) biopsy specimens. Collectively, these studies suggest that BVES plays a protective role both in ulcerative and infectious colitis and identify BVES as a critical protector of colonic mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vishruth K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kshipra Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bobak Parang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas G Verriere
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Bader
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mukul K Mittal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Brand
- Developmental Dynamics, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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43
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Scherer AN, Anand NS, Koleske AJ. Cortactin stabilization of actin requires actin-binding repeats and linker, is disrupted by specific substitutions, and is independent of nucleotide state. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13022-13032. [PMID: 29929984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-binding protein cortactin promotes the formation and maintenance of actin-rich structures, including lamellipodial protrusions in fibroblasts and neuronal dendritic spines. Cortactin cellular functions have been attributed to its activation of the Arp2/3 complex, which stimulates actin branch nucleation, and to its recruitment of Rho family GTPase regulators. Cortactin also binds actin filaments and significantly slows filament depolymerization, but the mechanism by which it does so and the relationship between actin binding and stabilization are unclear. Here we elucidated the cortactin regions that are necessary and sufficient for actin filament binding and stabilization. Using actin cosedimentation assays, we found that the cortactin repeat region binds actin but that the adjacent linker region is required for binding with the same affinity as full-length cortactin. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to measure the rates of single filament actin depolymerization, we observed that cortactin-actin interactions are sufficient to stabilize actin filaments. Moreover, conserved charged residues in repeat 4 were necessary for high-affinity actin binding, and substitution of these residues significantly impaired cortactin-mediated actin stabilization. Cortactin bound actin with higher affinity than did its paralog, hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HS1), and the effects on actin stability were specific to cortactin. Finally, cortactin stabilized ADP-actin filaments, indicating that the stabilization mechanism does not depend on the actin nucleotide state. Together, these results indicate that cortactin binding to actin is necessary and sufficient to stabilize filaments in a concentration-dependent manner, specific to conserved residues in the cortactin repeats, and independent of the actin nucleotide state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony J Koleske
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and .,Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Sodium Butyrate Inhibits Inflammation and Maintains Epithelium Barrier Integrity in a TNBS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mice Model. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:317-325. [PMID: 29627390 PMCID: PMC5952406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G Protein Coupled Receptor 109A (GPR109A), which belongs to the G protein coupled receptor family, can be activated by niacin, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyric acid. Here, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of sodium butyrate (SB) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice, an experimental model that resembles Crohn's disease, and explored the potential mechanism of SB in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vivo, experimental GPR109a-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were administered SB (5g/L) in their drinking water for 6weeks. The mice were then administered TNBS via rectal perfusion to imitate colitis. In vitro, RAW246.7 macrophages, Caco-2 cells, and primary peritoneal macrophages were used to investigate the protective roles of SB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response and epithelium barrier dysfunction. In vivo, SB significantly ameliorated the inflammatory response and intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction in TNBS-induced WT mice, but failed to provide a protective effect in TNBS-induced GPR109a-/- mice. In vitro, pre-treatment with SB dramatically inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW246.7 macrophages. SB inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 and AKT signaling pathways, but failed to inhibit the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Our data indicated that SB ameliorated the TNBS-induced inflammatory response and intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction through activating GPR109A and inhibiting the AKT and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. These findings therefore extend the understanding of GPR109A receptor function and provide a new theoretical basis for treatment of IBD.
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Roxas JL, Viswanathan VK. Modulation of Intestinal Paracellular Transport by Bacterial Pathogens. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:823-842. [PMID: 29687905 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The passive and regulated movement of ions, solutes, and water via spaces between cells of the epithelial monolayer plays a critical role in the normal intestinal functioning. This paracellular pathway displays a high level of structural and functional specialization, with the membrane-spanning complexes of the tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes ensuring its integrity. Tight junction proteins, like occludin, tricellulin, and the claudin family isoforms, play prominent roles as barriers to unrestricted paracellular transport. The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of the architecture and function of epithelial tight junctions. While it has been long appreciated that microbes, notably bacterial and viral pathogens, target and disrupt junctional complexes and alter paracellular permeability, the precise mechanisms remain to be defined. Notably, renewed efforts will be required to interpret the available data on pathogen-mediated barrier disruption in the context of the most recent findings on tight junction structure and function. While much of the focus has been on pathogen-induced dysregulation of junctional complexes, commensal microbiota and their products may influence paracellular permeability and contribute to the normal physiology of the gut. Finally, microbes and their products have become important tools in exploring host systems, including the junctional properties of epithelial cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:823-842, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lising Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - V K Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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46
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Cortactin: Cell Functions of A Multifaceted Actin-Binding Protein. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:79-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Garber JJ, Mallick EM, Scanlon KM, Turner JR, Donnenberg MS, Leong JM, Snapper SB. Attaching-and-Effacing Pathogens Exploit Junction Regulatory Activities of N-WASP and SNX9 to Disrupt the Intestinal Barrier. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5:273-288. [PMID: 29675452 PMCID: PMC5904039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in epithelial tissues and is poised to mediate cytoskeletal-dependent aspects of apical junction complex (AJC) homeostasis. Attaching-and-effacing (AE) pathogens disrupt this homeostasis through translocation of the effector molecule early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESX)-1 secretion-associated protein F (EspF). Although the mechanisms underlying AJC disruption by EspF are unknown, EspF contains putative binding sites for N-WASP and the endocytic regulator sorting nexin 9 (SNX9). We hypothesized that N-WASP regulates AJC integrity and AE pathogens use EspF to induce junction disassembly through an N-WASP- and SNX9-dependent pathway. METHODS We analyzed mice with intestine-specific N-WASP deletion and generated cell lines with N-WASP and SNX9 depletion for dynamic functional assays. We generated EPEC and Citrobacter rodentium strains complemented with EspF bearing point mutations abolishing N-WASP and SNX9 binding to investigate the requirement for these interactions. RESULTS Mice lacking N-WASP in the intestinal epithelium showed spontaneously increased permeability, abnormal AJC morphology, and mislocalization of occludin. N-WASP depletion in epithelial cell lines led to impaired assembly and disassembly of tight junctions in response to changes in extracellular calcium. Cells lacking N-WASP or SNX9 supported actin pedestals and type III secretion, but were resistant to EPEC-induced AJC disassembly and loss of transepithelial resistance. We found that during in vivo infection with AE pathogens, EspF must bind both N-WASP and SNX9 to disrupt AJCs and induce intestinal barrier dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these studies show that N-WASP critically regulates AJC homeostasis, and the AE pathogen effector EspF specifically exploits both N-WASP and SNX9 to disrupt intestinal barrier integrity during infection.
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Key Words
- ADF, actin depolymerization factor
- AE, attaching-and-effacing
- AJ, adherens junction
- AJC, apical junction complex
- Arp, actin-related protein
- CR, Citrobacter rodentium
- Crb, Crumbs
- Cytoskeleton
- DBS100, David B. Schauer 100
- EHEC, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
- EM, electron microscopy
- EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
- EcoRI, E. coli RY13 I
- EspF
- EspF, early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESX)-1 secretion-associated protein F
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Junction Regulation
- KO, knockout
- N-WASP
- N-WASP, Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein
- NWKD, Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein knockdown
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SNX9, sorting nexin 9
- SNX9KD, sorting nexin 9 knockdown
- TER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TJ, tight junction
- Tir, translocated intimin receptor
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- iNWKO, intestine Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein knockout
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Garber
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment and Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily M. Mallick
- Department of Medicine Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Karen M. Scanlon
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S. Donnenberg
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment and Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Scott B. Snapper, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Enders 676, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. fax: (617) 730-0498.
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Is Important for Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Susceptibility to Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:353-366. [PMID: 29128569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a barrier that is critical in protecting the host from the hostile luminal environment. Previously, we showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 1 regulates proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, such that the absence of LPA1 mitigates the epithelial wound healing process. This study provides evidence that LPA1 is important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. The epithelial permeability, determined by fluorescently labeled dextran flux and transepithelial resistance, is increased in the intestine of mice with global deletion of Lpar1, Lpar1-/- (Lpa1-/-). Serum liposaccharide level and bacteria loads in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral organs were elevated in Lpa1-/- mice. Decreased claudin-4, caudin-7, and E-cadherin expression in Lpa1-/- mice further suggested defective apical junction integrity in these mice. Regulation of LPA1 expression in Caco-2 cells modulated epithelial permeability and the expression levels of junctional proteins. The increased epithelial permeability in Lpa1-/- mice correlated with increased susceptibility to an experimental model of colitis. This resulted in more severe inflammation and increased mortality compared with control mice. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ significantly increased paracellular permeability, which was blocked by cotreatment with LPA, but not LPA1 knockdown cells. Similarly, orally given LPA blocked tumor necrosis factor-mediated intestinal barrier defect in mice. LPA1 plays a significant role in maintenance of epithelial barrier in the intestine via regulation of apical junction integrity.
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Cuellar P, Hernández-Nava E, García-Rivera G, Chávez-Munguía B, Schnoor M, Betanzos A, Orozco E. Entamoeba histolytica EhCP112 Dislocates and Degrades Claudin-1 and Claudin-2 at Tight Junctions of the Intestinal Epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:372. [PMID: 28861400 PMCID: PMC5561765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During intestinal invasion, Entamoeba histolytica opens tight junctions (TJs) reflected by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) dropping. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this, we studied in vitro and in vivo the damage produced by the recombinant E. histolytica cysteine protease (rEhCP112) on TJ functions and proteins. rEhCP112 reduced TEER in Caco-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; and EhCP112-overexpressing trophozoites provoked major epithelial injury compared to control trophozoites. rEhCP112 penetrated through the intercellular space, and consequently the ion flux increased and the TJs fence function was disturbed. However, macromolecular flux was not altered. Functional in vitro assays revealed specific association of rEhCP112 with claudin-1 and claudin-2, that are both involved in regulating ion flux and fence function. Of note, rEhCP112 did not interact with occludin that is responsible for regulating macromolecular flux. Moreover, rEhCP112 degraded and delocalized claudin-1, thus affecting interepithelial adhesion. Concomitantly, expression of the leaky claudin-2 at TJ, first increased and then it was degraded. In vivo, rEhCP112 increased intestinal epithelial permeability in the mouse colon, likely due to apical erosion and claudin-1 and claudin-2 degradation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that EhCP112 causes epithelial dysfunction by specifically altering claudins at TJ. Thus, EhCP112 could be a potential target for therapeutic approaches against amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cuellar
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Nava
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
| | - Guillermina García-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaMexico, Mexico
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico, Mexico
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50
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Hernández-Nava E, Cuellar P, Nava P, Chávez-Munguía B, Schnoor M, Orozco E, Betanzos A. Adherens junctions and desmosomes are damaged by Entamoeba histolytica: Participation of EhCPADH complex and EhCP112 protease. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28656597 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites adhere to epithelium at the cell-cell contact and perturb tight junctions disturbing the transepithelial electrical resistance. Behind tight junctions are the adherens junctions (AJs) that reinforce them and the desmosomes (DSMs) that maintain the epithelium integrity. The damage produced to AJs and DMSs by this parasite is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the trophozoites, the EhCPADH complex, and the EhCP112 recombinant enzyme (rEhCP112) on AJ and DSM proteins. We found that trophozoites degraded β-cat, E-cad, Dsp l/ll, and Dsg-2 with the participation of EhCPADH and EhCP112. After contact of epithelial cells with trophozoites, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy assays revealed EhCPADH and rEhCP112 at the intercellular space where they colocalised with β-cat, E-cad, Dsp l/ll, and Dsg-2. Moreover, our results suggested that rEhCP112 could be internalised by caveolae and clathrin-coated vesicles. Immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction of EhCPADH with β-cat and Dsp l/ll. Besides, in vivo assays demonstrated that rEhCP112 concentrates at the cellular borders of the mouse intestine degrading E-cad and Dsp I/II. Our research gives the first clues on the trophozoite attack to AJs and DSMs and point out the role of the EhCPADH and EhCP112 in the multifactorial event of trophozoites virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hernández-Nava
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Cuellar
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
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