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Rzepakowska A, Olędzka J, Daniel P, Mękarska M, Żurek M, Kulbaka K, Fus Ł. Immunomodulatory role of tumor microenvironment on oncological outcomes in advanced laryngeal cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1219. [PMID: 39354397 PMCID: PMC11446085 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study evaluated the prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in LSCC with markers of major immune cells to identify the key determinants of short-term disease-free survival (ST DFS) and reveal factors related to disease progression. METHODS The study cohort included 61 patients who underwent total laryngectomy, 83.6% of whom were male with a mean age of 64.3 years at the time of surgery. Twenty-five patients had long term DFS (over 5 years), 8 - had moderate DFS (between 2 and 5 years), and 28 had short-term DFS (less than 2 years). Immunohistochemical staining and evaluation were performed on samples collected after the laryngectomy. RESULTS The samples' assessment revealed that the mean expression of all analysed markers was the highest both in stroma and the tumor compartment for short term DFS (ST DFS) patients. Analysis confirmed that a high stromal density of CD8 cells (p = 0.038) significantly correlated with DFS, and that the increased presence of CD57 cells (p = 0.021) was significantly associated with ST DFS. Moreover, the high density of CD68 cells in the tumor epithelial compartment had a negative prognostic impact on DFS (p = 0.032). Analysis of overall survival in the studied cohort with Kaplan-Meyer curves revealed that a high stromal density of CD68 cells was a significant negative predictor of OS (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The observed associations of CD68 cells infiltration with progression and prognosis in patients with LSCC provide potential screening and therapeutic opportunities for patients with unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepakowska
- Otorhinolaryngology Department Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Street 1a, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.
| | - Joanna Olędzka
- Students' Scientific Research Group, Otorhinolaryngology Department Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Daniel
- Students' Scientific Research Group, Otorhinolaryngology Department Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mękarska
- Students' Scientific Research Group, Otorhinolaryngology Department Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Żurek
- Otorhinolaryngology Department Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Street 1a, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Kulbaka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Fus
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yao X, He Y, Xiao C, Zhou R, Zhao C, Wang W. The Potential of Immunotherapy for SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma (SDUS). Biomolecules 2024; 14:987. [PMID: 39199375 PMCID: PMC11352696 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (SDUS) is a rare and aggressive cancer that urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies. Despite the proven efficacy of immunotherapy in various cancer types, its application in SDUS remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the immune microenvironment of SDUS to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing immunotherapy. (2) Methods: Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) was employed to examine the immune microenvironment in two cases of SDUS in comparison to other subtypes of endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs). This research involved a comprehensive evaluation of immune cell infiltration, cellular interactions, and spatial organization within the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME). Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences in immune cell densities and interactions between SDUS and other ESSs. (3) Results: SDUS exhibited a significantly higher density of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), T helper (Th) cells, B cells, and macrophages compared to other ESSs. Notable cellular interactions included Th-CTL and Th-B cell interactions, which were more prominent in SDUS. The spatial analysis revealed distinct immune niches characterized by lymphocyte aggregation and a vascular-rich environment, suggesting an active and engaged immune microenvironment in SDUS. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that SDUS exhibits a highly immunogenic TiME, characterized by substantial lymphocyte infiltration and dynamic cellular interactions. These findings highlight the potential of immunotherapy as an effective treatment approach for SDUS. However, given the small number of samples evaluated, these conclusions should be drawn with caution. This study underscores the importance of additional investigation into immune-targeted therapies for this challenging cancer subtype, with a larger sample size to validate and expand upon these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yao
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chaoxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.X.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruihan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.X.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.X.); (R.Z.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Wankhede D, Yuan T, Kloor M, Halama N, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M. Clinical significance of combined tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:609-619. [PMID: 38734024 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) status and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are established prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. Previous studies evaluating the combination of TIL and MSI status identified distinct colorectal cancer subtypes with unique prognostic associations. However, these studies were often limited by sample size, particularly for MSI-high (MSI-H) tumours, and there is no comprehensive summary of the available evidence. We aimed to review the literature to compare the survival outcomes associated with the subtypes derived from the integrated MSI-TIL classification in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library without language restrictions, for articles published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 13, 2024. Patient cohorts comparing different combinations of TIL (high or low) and MSI status (MSI or microsatellite stable [MSS]) in patients with surgically resected colorectal cancer were included. Studies were excluded if they focused on neoadjuvant therapy or on other immune markers such as B cells or macrophages. Methodological quality assessment was done with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale; data appraisal and extraction was done independently by two reviewers. Summary estimates were extracted from published reports. The primary outcomes were overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. A frequentist network meta-analysis was done to compare hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for each outcome. The MSI-TIL subgroups were prognostically ranked based on P-score, bias, magnitude, and precision of associations with each outcome. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023461108). FINDINGS Of 302 studies initially identified, 21 studies (comprising 14 028 patients) were included in the systematic review and 19 (13 029 patients) in the meta-analysis. Nine studies were identified with a low risk of bias and the remaining ten had a moderate risk of bias. The MSI-TIL-high (MSI-TIL-H) subtype exhibited longer overall survival (HR 0·45, 95% CI 0·34-0·61; I2=77·7%), disease-free survival (0·43, 0·32-0·58; I2=61·6%), and cancer-specific survival (0·53, 0·43-0·66; I2=0%), followed by the MSS-TIL-H subtype for overall survival (HR 0·53, 0·41-0·69; I2=77·7%), disease-free survival (0·52, 0·41-0·64; I2=61·6%), and cancer-specific survival (0·55, 0·47-0·64; I2=0%) than did patients with MSS-TIL-low tumours (MSS-TIL-L). Patients with the MSI-TIL-L subtype had similar overall survival (0·88, 0·66-1·18; I2=77·7%) and disease-free survival (0·93, 0·69-1·26; I2=61·6%), but a modestly longer cancer-specific survival (0·72, 0·57-0·90; I2=0%) than did the MSS-TIL-L subtype. Results from the direct and indirect evidence were strongly congruous. INTERPRETATION The findings from this network meta-analysis suggest that better survival was only observed among patients with TIL-H colorectal cancer, regardless of MSI or MSS status. The integrated MSI-TIL classification should be further explored as a predictive tool for clinical decision-making in early-stage colorectal cancer. FUNDING German Research Council (HO 5117/2-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Wankhede
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanwei Yuan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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He T, Hu C, Li S, Fan Y, Xie F, Sun X, Jiang Q, Chen W, Jia Y, Li W. The role of CD8 + T-cells in colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33144. [PMID: 39005910 PMCID: PMC11239598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been an advanced and effective approach to treating various types of solid tumors in recent years, and the most successful strategy is immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have shown beneficial effects in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Drug resistance to ICIs is usually associated with CD8+ T-cells targeting tumor antigens; thus, CD8+ T-cells play an important role in immunotherapy. Unfortunately, Under continuous antigen stimulation, tumor microenvironment(TME), hypoxia and other problems it leads to insufficient infiltration of CD8+ T-cells, low efficacy and mechanism exhaustion, which have become obstacles to immunotherapy. Thus, this article describes the relationship between CRC and the immune system, focuses on the process of CD8+ T-cells production, activation, transport, killing, and exhaustion, and expounds on related mechanisms leading to CD8+ T-cells exhaustion. Finally, this article summarizes the latest strategies and methods in recent years, focusing on improving the infiltration, efficacy, and exhaustion of CD8+ T-cells, which may help to overcome the barriers to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chencheng Hu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shichao Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao Fan
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Xie
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qingfeng Jiang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yingtian Jia
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wusheng Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
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Mishra S, Srivastava P, Pandey A, Agarwal A, Shukla S, Husain N. Panel of serum long non-coding RNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for gallbladder carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:583-593. [PMID: 38524788 PMCID: PMC10959647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common malignancy and is usually diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. The identification of new effective early diagnostic biomarkers could represent an effective approach in reducing mortality in GBC. Altered expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is believed to be associated with the emergence and development of GBC. Our study aims to identify the expression of a range of circulating lncRNAs, including HOTAIR, ANRIL, H19, CCAT1 and MEG3, in matched serum and tissues of GBC for diagnosis and its association with clinicopathological features. The case and control study included matched serum and tissues from 63 GBC, 19 cholecystitis (CC), and 46 normal controls (NC). RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from serum and fresh tissue match were performed using commercially available kits. Relative expression was assessed using SYBR Green real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Circulating lncRNA levels including HOTAIR, ANRIL and H19 were upregulated in serum samples, while MEG3 and CCAT1 were downregulated in GBC compared to controls. The trend towards upregulation and downregulation was comparable in the tissue. HOTAIR and MEG3 levels were significantly different between serum CC and early-stage GBC (p = 0.0373, 0.0020), while H19 was significantly upregulated comparing early-stage GBC to advanced-stage GBC (p = 0.018). The expression of ANRIL was significant with M stage (p = 0.0488), H19 with stage (p = 0.009), M stage (p=<0.0001) & stage (0.009) and CCAT1 with M stage (0.044). When distinguishing GBC and NC, AUC for HOTAIR was 0.75, ANRIL 0.78, H19 0.74, CCAT1 0.80 and 0.96 for MEG3. The combination sensitivity for lncRNAs ranged from 84.13% (CI: 72.74-92.12%) to 100.0% (CI: 94.31-100.0%). Significant diagnostic value in discriminating pathologic stage was observed for ANRIL and MEG3 (p = 0.022, p = 0.0005). LncRNA show a significant change in expression in GBC and in discrimination of early stage from late-stage disease. The detection of 2 lncRNAs in panels, in coordination with radiology, could represent a potential serum-based biomarker for early-stage GBC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Gastrosurgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Akash Agarwal
- Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
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Hatthakarnkul P, Pennel K, Alexander P, van Wyk H, Roseweir A, Inthagard J, Hay J, Andersen D, Maka N, Park J, Roxburgh C, Thuwajit C, McMillan D, Edwards J. Histopathological tumour microenvironment score independently predicts outcome in primary operable colorectal cancer. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e12374. [PMID: 38650367 PMCID: PMC11035902 DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous malignancy and research is focused on identifying novel ways to subtype patients. In this study, a novel classification system, tumour microenvironment score (TMS), was devised based on Klintrup-Mäkinen grade (KMG), tumour stroma percentage (TSP), and tumour budding. TMS was performed using a haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section from retrospective CRC discovery and validation cohorts (n = 1,030, n = 787). TMS0 patients had high KMG, TMS1 were low for KMG, TSP, and budding, TMS2 were high for budding, or TSP and TMS3 were high for TSP and budding. Scores were assessed for association with survival and clinicopathological characteristics. Mutational landscaping and Templated Oligo-Sequencing (TempO-Seq) profiling were performed to establish differences in the underlying biology of TMS. TMS was independently prognostic in both cohorts (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), with TMS3 predictive of the shortest survival times. TMS3 was associated with adverse clinical features including sidedness, local and distant recurrence, higher T stage, higher N stage, and presence of margin involvement. Gene set enrichment analysis of TempO-Seq data showed higher expression of genes associated with hallmarks of cancer pathways including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (p < 0.001), IL2 STAT5 signalling (p = 0.007), and angiogenesis (p = 0.017) in TMS3. Additionally, enrichment of immunosuppressive immune signatures was associated with TMS3 classification. In conclusion, TMS represents a novel and clinically relevant method for subtyping CRC patients from a single H&E-stained tumour section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phimmada Hatthakarnkul
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | - Peter Alexander
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Academic Unit of SurgeryUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Hay
- Glasgow Tissue Research FacilityQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Ditte Andersen
- Bioclavis LtdQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Noori Maka
- Department of PathologyQueen Elizabeth HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - James Park
- Department of SurgeryQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Campbell Roxburgh
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Academic Unit of SurgeryUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Donald McMillan
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Academic Unit of SurgeryUniversity of GlasgowUK
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Gulubova M, Chonov D, Aleksandrova E, Ivanova K, Ignatova MM, Vlaykova T. Interleukin-6-Positive Immune Cells as a Possible New Immunologic Marker Associated With the Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:233-243. [PMID: 38712586 PMCID: PMC11073565 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation creates tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic effect on CRC development. We aimed to evaluate IL-6 expression in tumor cells and in immune cells in TME, to assess the serum level and IL6 -174 G/C genotype distribution and to correlate the results with selected morphologic and clinical parameters that may add useful information in understanding the mechanisms of human CRC progression. A total of 153 patients with CRC were recruited in the current study. We assessed the IL-6 serum concentration through the ELISA method, the expression of IL-6 in tumor and in immune cells by immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence staining, the MSI status by immunоhistochemistry for 4 mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, and the genotype distributions for IL6 -174G/C (rs1800795) single-nucleotide polymorphism through PCR-RFLP method. Our results showed that serum IL-6 level were increased in CRC patients as compared with healthy controls (P<0.0001), and in patients with cancers with advanced histologic type (type IV). However, the higher concentration (above the median of 55.71 pg/mL) was with borderline association with longer survival of the patients after surgical therapy (P=0.055, Log rank test). We also found that IL-6+ immune cells prevailed in the invasive front (IF) of tumors compared with the tumor stroma (TS) (P<0.0001). More IL-6+ cells were recruited in the tumors with less advanced histologic type (I+II), with stronger inflammatory infiltrate in the IF, in early pTNM stages (I+II), without lymph node and distant metastases and the higher levels of IL-6+ cells, especially in the IF, were associated with longer survival (P=0.012). The results of our study suggest that although the serum levels of IL-6 are higher in CRC, the increased IL-6+ cells in tumor microenvironment, both in the invasive front and in tumor stroma, as well as the higher serum levels are associated with good prognostic variables and longer survival of the patients mainly in the early stages of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology
- Department of Surgery
| | - Dimitur Chonov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Aleksandrova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology, Pathology, Latin language, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov, Burgas
| | - Koni Ivanova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology
| | | | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology, Pathology, Latin language, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov, Burgas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Cai Q, Peng M. Identification of CNKSR1 as a biomarker for "cold" tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma: An integrative analysis based on a novel workflow. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29126. [PMID: 38628722 PMCID: PMC11019179 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Therapies targeting PD1/PD-L1 pathway have revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer. However, anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapies have proven beneficial for only a select group of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and generally do not work for immuno-cold tumors characterized by a lack of immune cell infiltration. Identifying novel biomarkers is vital to broad therapeutic options for LUAD patients with no response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. Methods Our study has developed a novel strategy to identify a promising biomarker that addresses the limitations of anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in treating immunological cold tumors. We exacted LUAD RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Using several machine learning methods, we identified the candidate biomarker. Based on the expression level of PD-L1 and the identified biomarker, samples were categorized into four groups. We further used ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and CIBERSORT algorithms to calculate the immune infiltration level of each group. The results were validated in three independent bulk datasets and one scRNA-seq dataset. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments were performed in clinical samples to further evaluate the coexpression of CNKSR1 and PD-L1, and to compare CD8 + T cell infiltration among groups. Results After comprehensive analyses, CNKSR1 was identified as a novel promising biomarker for immuno-cold LUAD. CNKSR1 mRNA expression levels exhibited a negative correlation with both PD-L1 mRNA expression and the extent of immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Besides, in contrast to the significant association between the expression of PD-L1 and the majority of other well-established or widely studied immune checkpoint molecules, a mutually exclusive expression pattern is observed between CNKSR1 and these molecules. The aforementioned results were consistent in validation datasets. The prognostic model built based on the CNKSR1 coexpression module also showed robust predictive performance. Additionally, IHC assessments have confirmed that the coexpression of CNKSR1 and PD-L1 is rare in LUAD samples. Notably, LUADs in the high-CNKSR1 group, characterized by high CNKSR1 but low PD- L1 expression, demonstrated reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Conclusions In summary, CNKSR1 emerges as a promising biomarker for immune-cold LUADs, and the study into CNKSR1 modulating T-cell infiltration may lead to the identification of compensatory molecules to enhance the effectiveness of current immunotherapy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Mishra S, Srivastava P, Pandey A, Shukla S, Agarwal A, Husain N. Diagnostic Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing in Circulating Free DNA and a Comparison With Matched Tissue in Gallbladder Carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100301. [PMID: 38092180 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutation detection for therapy monitoring in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is used clinically for some malignancies. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) presents a diagnostic challenge and has limited late-stage treatment options. To our knowledge, this novel study examines, for the first time, genomic alterations in cfDNA from GBC to assess diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic options. The concordance of somatic genomic changes in cfDNA and DNA from paired tumor tissue was analyzed. Paired serum and tissue samples from 40 histologically proven GBC, 20 cholecystitis, and 4 normal (noninflamed gallbladder) controls were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing with a 22-gene panel (Colon and Lung Cancer Research Panel v2, Thermo Scientific) in cfDNA and tumor tissue with high depth and uniform coverage on ION Personal Genome Machine (ION, PGM) was performed. A spectrum of 223 mutations in cfDNA and 225 mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA were identified in 22 genes. Mutations ranged from 1 to 17 per case. In cfDNA frequent alterations were in TP53 (85.0%), EGFR (52.5%), MET (35%) CTNNB1, SMAD4, BRAF (32.5%), PTEN (30%), FGFR3 and PIK3CA (27.5%), NOTCH1 (25.0%), and FBXW7 and ERBB4 (22.5%). At least one clinically actionable mutation was identified in all cfDNA samples. Paired samples shared 149 of 225 genetic abnormalities (66.2%). Individual gene mutation concordance ranged from 44.44% to 82.0% and was highest for EGFR (82.0%), BRAF and NOTCH1 (80.0%), TP53 (73.08%), MET (72.22%), and ERBB4 (71.42%) with a significant level of correlation (Spearman r = 0.91, P ≤ .0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the TP53 gene at the gene level was the highest (94.44% and 100.0%, respectively). Overall survival was higher for ERBB4 and ERBB2 mutant tumors. The adenocarcinoma subtype revealed specific genetic changes in ERBB4, SMAD4, ERBB2, PTEN, KRAS, and NRAS. NGS-based cfDNA mutation profiling can be used to diagnose GBC before surgery to guide treatment decisions. Targeted therapy identified in GBC included SMAD4, ERBB2, ERBB4, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, MET, and NRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Department of Gastrosurgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Agarwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Karaoğlan BB, Savaş B, Utkan G, Ürün Y. Exploring the connection between microsatellite instability and inflammatory indicators in cancers. Future Oncol 2024; 20:95-105. [PMID: 38318682 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between microsatellite instability (MSI) status and inflammatory indicators in patients with cancer. Patients & methods: A total of 204 patients with various cancer diagnoses, including 102 with MSI-high (MSI-H) and 102 with microsatellite stable tumors, were enrolled. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index were evaluated. Results: In microsatellite stable patients, NLR, LMR, PLR and systemic immune-inflammation index were significantly linked to worse survival in univariate analysis, and having a LMR ≤2.6 negatively affected survival in multivariate analysis, although these indicators did not affect the survival of MSI-H patients. Conclusion: The impact of chronic inflammation on survival varies with MSI status. Further research is needed for targeted therapies in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berna Savaş
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 06230
| | - Güngör Utkan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, 06620
| | - Yüksel Ürün
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, 06620
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11
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Kim HS, Noh YK, Min KW, Kim DH. Low CDKN1B Expression Associated with Reduced CD8+ T Lymphocytes Predicts Poor Outcome in Breast Cancer in a Machine Learning Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 14:30. [PMID: 38248731 PMCID: PMC10817603 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) gene, which encodes the p27Kip1 protein, is important in regulating the cell cycle process and cell proliferation. Its role in breast cancer prognosis is controversial. We evaluated the significance and predictive role of CDKN1B expression in breast cancer prognosis. We investigated the clinicopathologic factors, survival rates, immune cells, gene sets, and prognostic models according to CDKN1B expression in 3794 breast cancer patients. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), in silico cytometry, pathway network analyses, gradient boosting machine (GBM) learning, and in vitro drug screening. High CDKN1B expression levels in breast cancer correlated with high lymphocyte infiltration signature scores and increased CD8+ T cells, both of which were associated with improved prognosis in breast cancer. which were associated with a better prognosis. CDKN1B expression was associated with gene sets for the upregulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathways and downregulation of CD8+ T cells. Pathway network analysis revealed a direct link between CDKN1B and the pathway involved in the positive regulation of the protein catabolic process pathway. In addition, an indirect link was identified between CDKN1B and the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. In in vitro drug screening, BMS-345541 demonstrated efficacy as a therapeutic targeting of CDKN1B, effectively impeding the growth of breast cancer cells characterized by low CDKN1B expression. The inclusion of CDKN1B expression in GBM models increased the accuracy of survival predictions. CDKN1B expression plays a significant role in breast cancer progression, implying that targeting CDKN1B might be a promising strategy for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Suk Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 29 Saemunanro, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
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Bolivar AM, Duzagac F, Sinha KM, Vilar E. Advances in vaccine development for cancer prevention and treatment in Lynch Syndrome. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101204. [PMID: 37478804 PMCID: PMC10528439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Lynch Syndrome (LS) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes, and is caused by mutations in one of the four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, namely MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Tumors developed by LS carriers display high levels of microsatellite instability, which leads to the accumulation of large numbers of mutations, among which frameshift insertion/deletions (indels) within microsatellite (MS) loci are the most common. As a result, MMR-deficient (MMRd) cells generate increased rates of tumor-specific neoantigens (neoAgs) that can be recognized by the immune system to activate cancer cell killing. In this context, LS is an ideal disease to leverage immune-interception strategies. Therefore, the identification of these neoAgs is an ongoing effort for the development of LS cancer preventive vaccines. In this review, we summarize the computational methods used for in silico neoAg prediction, including their challenges, and the experimental techniques used for in vitro validation of their immunogenicity. In addition, we outline results from past and on-going vaccine clinical trials and highlight avenues for improvement and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bolivar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna M Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wu H, Dong H, Ren S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Dai M, Wu Y, Zhang X. Exploration of novel clusters and prognostic value of immune‑related signatures and identify HAMP as hub gene in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:360. [PMID: 37545621 PMCID: PMC10398624 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors currently serve an important role in prolonging patients' overall survival. However, the prognostic signatures of immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain uncertain and more knowledge on the genetic characteristics of colorectal cancer is needed. Patients with CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas were classified into high-immunity group and low-immunity group based on median scores from single-sample gene set enrichment analysis using the GSVA package. We explored immune status by immune scores, stromal scores and tumor purity scores in ESTIMATE package and surveyed the difference of immune cells distribution with CIBERSORT package. Eighteen genes were selected using the LASSO Cox regression method and a prognostic risk model was constructed. Compared with patients in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had a significantly shorter survival time. For assessment of the prognostic validity of the risk model, receiver operating characteristic curves with areas under the curve of 0.769, 0.774 and 0.771 for 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Differences in molecular mechanisms between high- and low-risk groups were analyzed using the clusterProfiler package. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion data were downloaded and analyzed. The top 5 enriched pathways in the high-risk group involved 'calcium signaling', 'dilated cardiomyopathy', 'extracellular matrix receptor interaction', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy' and 'neuroactive ligand receptor interaction'. HAMP was identified as a hub gene, which was highly expressed in tumor samples. The results of the present study indicate that the prognostic model based on both immune-related genes and HAMP has the potential to support personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
| | - Heling Dong
- School of Sports Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shaofang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yinfen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523009, P.R. China
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14
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Wu Q, Deng L, Cao Y, Lian S. Preoperative Biomarkers and Survival in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients with HIV: A Propensity-Score-Matched-Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:1490. [PMID: 37515177 PMCID: PMC10383696 DOI: 10.3390/v15071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China initiated its national free antiretroviral therapy program in 2004 and saw a dramatic decline in mortality among the population with HIV. However, the morbidity of non-AIDS-defining cancers such as breast cancer is steadily growing as life expectancy improves. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients with HIV in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 21 breast cancer patients with HIV and 396 breast cancer patients without HIV treated at the Shanghai public health clinical center from 2014-2022 was collected. After propensity score matching, 21 paired patients in the two groups were obtained and compared. The optimal cut-off value of preoperative biomarkers for recurrence was determined via maximally selected log-rank statistics. Preoperative biomarkers were categorized into high and low groups, based on the best cut-off values and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 38 months (IQR: 20-68 months) for the propensity-score-matching cohort. The progression-free survival at 1, 2 and 3 years for patients with and without HIV were 74.51%, 67.74%, and 37.63% and 95.24%, 95.24%, and 90.48%, respectively. The overall survival for patients with HIV at 1, 2 and 3 years were 94.44%, 76.74%, and 42.63%. After multivariate analysis, Only HIV status (hazard ratios (HRs) = 6.83, 95% [confidence intervals (CI)] 1.22-38.12) were associated with progression-free survival. Based on the best cut-off value, CD8 showed discriminative value for overall survival (p = 0.04), whereas four variables, the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p = 0.02), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.03), CD3 (p = 0.01) and CD8 (p < 0.01) were suggested be significant for progression-free survival. The univariate analysis suggested that CD3 (HRs = 0.10, 95% [CI] 0.01-0.90) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (HRs = 0.22, 95% [CI] 0.05-0.93) were identified as significant predictors for progression-free survival. CONCLUSION In this study, breast cancer in patients with HIV in China reflected a more aggressive nature with a more advanced diagnostic stage and worse prognosis. Moreover, preoperative immune and inflammatory biomarkers might play a role in the prognosis of breast cancer patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shixian Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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15
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Koukourakis IM, Platoni K, Tiniakos D, Kouloulias V, Zygogianni A. Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4495-4517. [PMID: 37232754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that tumor antigens and molecules expressed and secreted by cancer cells trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. These two types of anti-tumor immunity lead to the infiltration of the tumor's microenvironment by immune cells with either regulatory or cytotoxic properties. Whether this response is associated with tumor eradication after radiotherapy and chemotherapy or regrowth has been a matter of extensive research through the years, mainly focusing on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes and their subtypes, and the expression of immune checkpoint and other immune-related molecules by both immune and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. A literature search has been conducted on studies dealing with the immune response in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, assessing its impact on locoregional control and survival and underlying the potential role of immunotherapy in the treatment of this cancer subtype. Here, we provide an overview of the interactions between local/systemic anti-tumor immunity, cancer-related immune checkpoint, and other immunological pathways and radiotherapy, and how these affect the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. Chemoradiotherapy induces critical immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis M Koukourakis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Radiotherapy Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
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IDO1/COX2 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Liver Oligometastases. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030496. [PMID: 36983678 PMCID: PMC10055914 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: IDO1 and COX2 have emerged as promising immunotherapy targets. It is unclear whether IDO1 and COX2 expression levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver oligometastases could be independent predictors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of IDO1 and COX2 expression levels with OS and PFS in CRC patients with liver oligometastases. Methods: The expression levels of IDO1 and COX2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 107 specimens from patients with liver oligometastases. The correlation between the expression of IDO1 and COX2 and the clinicopathological parameters and OS/PFS in patients was examined. Results: The expression level of IDO1/COX2 was significantly correlated with age and was not associated with gender, BMI, T stage, N stage, primary tumor size, liver metastasis size, CEA, CA19-9, CD3 TILs or CD8 TILs. In univariate analysis, we found that IDO1/COX2 expression, CEA and N stage all yielded significantly poor OS and PFS outcomes. In our multivariate Cox model, IDO1/COX2 coexpression, CEA and N stage were found to be significantly correlated with OS; IDO1/COX2 coexpression and CEA were significantly correlated with PFS. Conclusions: IDO1/COX2 coexpression plays a pivotal role and may act as a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in CRC patients with liver oligometastases.
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17
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Circulating microRNAs in gallbladder cancer: Is serum assay of diagnostic value? Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154320. [PMID: 36682281 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs) in circulation could serve as biomarkers for cancer detection. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is mostly asymptomatic; therefore, using microRNAs (miRNAs) as an early diagnostic biomarker could be a valuable tool. We aimed to identify the tumor-associated miR-1, miR130, miR-146, miR-182, and miR-21expression in serum as a biomarker for early detection of GBC and identify their possible diagnostic role. The study group comprised of paired serum and tissue samples from 34 GBC, 19 cholecystitis (CC), 21 normal controls (uninflamed gall bladder), and additional 29 serum-only samples of GBC. Total RNA was isolated using a commercially available RNA isolation kit (Applied Biosystem, USA) and reverse transcribed using Advanced Taqman MicroRNA reverse transcription kit. The relative expression of miRNAs was analyzed using Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was assessed by ROC analysis. In paired samples, the trend towards up and down regulation for miR-182, miR-21, miR-1, miR-130, and miR-146 was similar in both tissue and sera of GBC. The expression pattern of serum miR-1, miR130, and miR-146 gradually decreased from normal control (NC) to CC to GBC, while miR-21 and miR-182 gradually increased from NC to CC to GBC. The miR-1, miR-121, miR-182, and miR-146 significantly differed between CC vs. early stage and early stage vs. NC. Among these miRNAs, the sensitivity of miR-1 (85.71 %) was the highest, and the specificity of miR-21 was the highest (92.73 %). The combined sensitivity for miRNAs ranged from 73.13 % (CI: 60.90-83.24 %) to 98.63 % (CI: 89.0-99.61 %); however, the specificity was lower. In stage I&II vs. III&IV discrimination, the diagnostic sensitivity of miR-1 was highest (89.36 %, CI: 76.90-96.45). The two miRNAs, in combination, increase the diagnostic sensitivity. Circulating serum miRNAs may provide a new approach for clinical application. Panels of specific circulating miRNA, which require further validation, could be potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for GBC in combination with abnormal radio diagnostic scans.
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Sobhani N, Bouchè V, Aldegheri G, Rocca A, D’Angelo A, Giudici F, Bottin C, Donofrio CA, Pinamonti M, Ferrari B, Panni S, Cominetti M, Aliaga J, Ungari M, Fioravanti A, Zanconati F, Generali D. Analysis of PD-L1 and CD3 Expression in Glioblastoma Patients and Correlation with Outcome: A Single Center Report. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020311. [PMID: 36830847 PMCID: PMC9953166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of immunotherapies, the field of cancer therapy has been revived with new hope, especially for cancers with dismal prognoses, such as the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Currently, immunotherapies should potentiate the host's own antitumor immune response against cancer cells, but it has been documented that they are effective only in small subsets of patients. Therefore, accurate predictors of response are urgently needed to identify who will benefit from immune-modulatory therapies. Brain tumors are challenging in terms of treatments. The immune response in the brain is highly regulated, and the immune microenvironment in brain metastases is active with a high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, CD3+ T cells) in certain patients and, therefore, may serve as a potential treatment target. In our study, we performed immunohistochemistry for CD3 and PD-L1 along the routine assessment of the O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status and the IDH1 and 2 status in a single center cohort of 69 patients with GBM (58 primary tumors and 11 recurrences) who underwent standard multimodal therapies (surgery/radiotherapy/adjuvant temozolamide). We analyzed the association of PD-L1 tumor expression and TILs with overall survival (OS). The PD-L1 expression was observed in 25 of 58 (43%) newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma specimens. The sparse-to-moderate density of TILs, identified with CD3+ expression, was found in 48 of 58 (83%) specimens. Neither PD-L1 expression nor TILs were associated with overall survival. In conclusion, TILs and/or PD-L1 expression are detectable in the majority of glioblastoma samples, and even if they slightly relate to the outcome, they do not show a statistically significant correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Victoria Bouchè
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aldegheri
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, UK
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmine Antonio Donofrio
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pinamonti
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Benvenuto Ferrari
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Stefano Panni
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Marika Cominetti
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Jahard Aliaga
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Marco Ungari
- Pathology Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
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Yamada E, Ishikawa E, Miyazaki T, Miki S, Sugii N, Kohzuki H, Tsurubuchi T, Sakamoto N, Watanabe S, Matsuda M. P53-negative status and gross total resection as predictive factors for autologous tumor vaccine treatment in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad079. [PMID: 37484760 PMCID: PMC10362834 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among primary brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive in adults, with limited treatment options. Our previous study showed that autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) contributed to prognostic improvements in newly diagnosed GBM patients. However, some patients died early despite the treatment. The discovery of predictive factors in the treatment was warranted for efficient patient recruitment and studies to overcome resistance mechanisms. Identifying prognostic factors will establish AFTV guidelines for patients who may respond to the therapy. Methods Data from 58 patients with newly diagnosed GBM, including 29 who received standard therapy plus AFTV (AFTV group) and 29 who received standard treatment (control group) were analyzed. Several data including patient age, sex, the extent of removal, and various cell immunohistochemistry (IHC) parameters were also included in the analysis. Results Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that gross total resection (GTR) and negative p53 were associated with a better prognosis only in the AFTV group. In the IHC parameters, CD8 staining status was also one of the predictive factors in the univariate analysis. For blood cell-related data, lymphocyte counts of 1100 or more and monocyte counts of 280 or more before chemo-radiotherapy were significant factors for good prognosis in the univariate analysis. Conclusions A p53-negative status in IHC and GTR were the predictive factors for AFTV treatment in newly diagnosed GBM patients. Microenvironment-targeted treatment and pretreatment blood cell status may be key factors to enhance therapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Corresponding Author: Eiichi Ishikawa, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan ()
| | | | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Narushi Sugii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kohzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takao Tsurubuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakamoto
- Diagnostic Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahide Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Rottmann BG, Patel N, Ahmed M, Deng Y, Ciarleglio M, Vyas M, Jain D, Zhang X. Clinicopathological significance of neutrophil-rich colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:34-39. [PMID: 34312298 PMCID: PMC10910606 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The importance of the interaction between tumour cells and neutrophils has recently begun to emerge. However, the significance of tumour-infiltrating neutrophil (TIN) in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of TIN in CRCs. METHODS CRCs were evaluated for TIN and were classified as neutrophil-rich (NR), neutrophil-intermediate (NI) and neutrophil-poor (NP) based on the presence of >15, 5-15 and <5 TIN per 100 tumour cells, respectively. Various clinicopathological parameters were recorded in each case including age, gender, histological grade, tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, tumour location and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status. RESULTS Among the 348 CRC cases reviewed, 38 cases were NR, 43 cases were NI and 267 cases were NP. High TIN was associated with higher histological grade (p=0.0222), right-sided tumour location (p=0.0025), advanced TNM stage (p=0.0346) and higher rate of MMR-deficient CRCs (p=0.0027). Patients with NR CRCs had significantly poorer 5-year recurrence-free survival comparing to patients with NI or NP CRCs on Kaplan-Meier analysis (p=0.0001) and high TIN remained an independent risk factor with multivariate analysis (p=0.0137; HR: 1.930, 95% CI: 1.144 to 3.255). NR CRCs are more commonly seen in MMR-deficient than in MMR-proficient CRCs (p=0.0006). Patients with MMR-deficient NR CRCs showed similar 5-year recurrence-free survival compared with MMR-proficient NR CRCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that high TIN confers poorer patient prognosis in both MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Rottmann
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natalie Patel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Ciarleglio
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Gulubova MV, Chonov DC, Ivanova KV, Hristova MK, Krasimirova-Ignatova MM, Vlaykova TI. Intratumoural expression of IL-6/STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 immune cells in the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer Immune cells-positive for IL-6, STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 and colorectal cancer development. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2072765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitur Chavdarov Chonov
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora Bulgaria
- Ward of Operative Surgery, University Hospital “Prof. D-r Stoyan Kirkovich”, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Koni Vancho Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Tatyana Ivanova Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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22
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Luo Y, Zong Y, Hua H, Gong M, Peng Q, Li C, Neculai D, Zeng X. Immune-infiltrating signature-based classification reveals CD103 +CD39 + T cells associate with colorectal cancer prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011590. [PMID: 36311750 PMCID: PMC9596778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current stratification systems for tumor prognostic prediction and immunotherapeutic efficacy evaluation are less satisfying in colorectal cancer (CRC). As infiltrating immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) played a key role in tumor progression and responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, we want to construct an immune-related scoring system with detailed immune profiles to stratify CRC patients. METHODS We developed a scoring system based on immune-related signatures and validated its ability to predict prognosis and immunotherapeutic outcomes in CRC. CD45+ cells from CRC patients were sorted to investigate detailed immune profiles of the stratification system using mass cytometry. A single-cell RNA sequencing dataset was used to analyze transcriptomic profiles. RESULTS We constructed an immune-related signature score (IRScore) based on 54 recurrence-free survival (RFS)-related immune signatures to stratify CRC patients. We revealed that IRScore was positively correlated with RFS and favorable outcomes in ICB treatment. Moreover, we depicted a detailed immune profile in TME using mass cytometry and identified that CD103+CD39+ T cells, characterized by an exhaustive, cytotoxic and proliferative phenotype, were enriched in CRC patients with high IRScore. As a beneficial immune signature, CD103+CD39+ T cells could predict prognosis and responses to ICB therapy in CRC. CONCLUSIONS All the analyses above revealed that IRScore could be a valuable tool for predicting prognosis and facilitating the development of new therapeutic strategies in CRC, and CD103+CD39+ T cells were one of defined immune signatures in IRScore, which might be a key factor for antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanju Hua
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiting Gong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Xu Y, Yang S, Zhu Y, Yao S, Li Y, Ye H, Ye Y, Li Z, Wu L, Zhao K, Huang L, Liu Z. Artificial intelligence for quantifying Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5586-5594. [PMID: 36284712 PMCID: PMC9568693 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction (CLR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial for the host antitumor immune response. We proposed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to quantify the density of TILs and CLR in immunohistochemical (IHC)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) and further constructed the CLR-I (immune) score, a tissue level- and cell level-based immune factor, to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The TILs score and CLR score were obtained according to the related density. And the CLR-I score was calculated by summing two scores. The development (Hospital 1, N = 370) and validation (Hospital 2 & 3, N = 144) cohorts were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the CLR-I score. The C-index and integrated area under the curve were used to assess the discrimination ability. A higher CLR-I score was associated with a better prognosis, which was identified by multivariable analysis in the development (hazard ratio for score 3 vs score 0 = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.40, P < 0.001) and validation cohort (0.21, 0.05-0.78, P = 0.020). The AI-based CLR-I score outperforms the single predictor in predicting OS which is objective and more prone to be deployed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shangqing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian 710071, China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huifen Ye
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunrui Ye
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (K. Zhao and Z. Liu). School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 2 Taibai Nanlu Road, Xian, 710071, China (L. Huang).
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian 710071, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (K. Zhao and Z. Liu). School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 2 Taibai Nanlu Road, Xian, 710071, China (L. Huang).
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (K. Zhao and Z. Liu). School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 2 Taibai Nanlu Road, Xian, 710071, China (L. Huang).
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24
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Immune Effect of T Lymphocytes Infiltrated by Tumors on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4662874. [PMID: 36124030 PMCID: PMC9482535 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4662874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is increasing every year and it has high morbidity and mortality. Antitumor immunotherapy is a new method for the treatment of lung cancer. Currently, tumor immunotherapy mainly includes classical immunotherapy and immune-targeted therapy To explore the influence of tumor T-lymphocyte (T-cell) infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 100 NSCLC patients diagnosed and treated in Changde Second People's hospital were recruited. Patients were followed up for 3 years. The subjects were divided into a survival group (group S) and a death group (group D). The patient's pathological tissue sections were made, and the degree of T-cell infiltration was counted by H&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) staining. The infiltration degree was graded, and the positive rate of T-cell subsets was calculated by immunohistochemical staining. The 3-year positive rate was 48%, with 48 cases in group S and 52 cases in group D. The positive rate of H&E staining of group S was 100%, including 0 cases of grade 0, 5 cases of grade 1 (10.42%), 16 cases of grade 2 (33.33%), and 27 cases of grade 3 (56.25%). The positive rate of group D was 86.54%, including 4 cases of grade 0 (8.89%), 10 cases of grade 1 (22.22%), 25 cases of grade 2 (55.56%), and 6 cases of grade 3 (13.33%). The total number of T-cell infiltrates in group S was much higher than that in group D (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the mean positive rate of CD8+ T-cell infiltration was 72.1% in group S and 47.6% in group D, with a considerable difference (P < 0.05). No remarkable difference was found in CD4+ and CD25+ (P < 0.05). CD8+ + CD4+, CD8+/CD4+, CD25+/CD8+, CD25+/CD4+, and CD25+/(CD8+ + CD4+) positive rates were calculated, and the difference between group S and group D was substantial in CD8+ + CD4+ (P < 0.05). The results showed that T cells infiltrated by tumors had an immunosuppressive effect on tumor cells.
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Prognostic significance of spatial and density analysis of T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:514-523. [PMID: 35449453 PMCID: PMC9345858 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high T cell density is a strong favourable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, the significance of the spatial distribution of T cells is incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation and T cell densities. METHODS We analysed CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemistry in a study cohort of 983 colorectal cancer patients and a validation cohort (N = 246). Individual immune and tumour cells were identified to calculate T cell densities (to derive T cell density score) and G-cross function values, estimating the likelihood of tumour cells being co-located with T cells within 20 µm radius (to derive T cell proximity score). RESULTS High T cell proximity score associated with longer cancer-specific survival in both the study cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, Ptrend < 0.0001] and the validation cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.45, Ptrend < 0.0001] and its prognostic value was independent of T cell density score. CONCLUSIONS The spatial point pattern analysis of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation could provide detailed information on colorectal cancer prognosis, supporting the value of spatial measurement of T cell infiltrates as a novel, robust tumour-immune biomarker.
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26
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Wozniakova M, Skarda J, Raska M. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Response in Colorectal Cancer Development and Prognosis. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610502. [PMID: 35936516 PMCID: PMC9350736 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The patient’s prognosis largely depends on the tumor stage at diagnosis. The pathological TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (pTNM) staging of surgically resected cancers represents the main prognostic factor and guidance for decision-making in CRC patients. However, this approach alone is insufficient as a prognostic predictor because clinical outcomes in patients at the same histological tumor stage can still differ. Recently, significant progress in the treatment of CRC has been made due to improvements in both chemotherapy and surgical management. Immunotherapy-based approaches are one of the most rapidly developing areas of tumor therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune response and its interactions with CRC development, immunotherapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wozniakova
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Maria Wozniakova,
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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27
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Shen Y, Zhou H, Dong S, Dong W, Zhang L. Smoking patients with laryngeal cancer screened with a novel immunogenomics-based prognostic signature. Front Genet 2022; 13:961764. [PMID: 35910213 PMCID: PMC9333188 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.961764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system greatly affects the prognosis of various malignancies. Studies on differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) in the immune microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have rarely been reported. In this paper, the prognostic potentials of IRGs were explored in LSCC patients with smoking use. The RNA-seq data containing IRGs and corresponding clinical information of smoking LSCC patients was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed IRGs were identified and functional enrichment analysis was used to reveal the pathway of IRGs. Then, IRGs with prognostic potentials in smoking LSCC patients were screened out by univariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic signature of 5 IRGs after adjustment of clinical factors and patients were classified into two subgroups based on different IRGs expression. The prognostic capacity of the model was verified by another independent cohort from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Nomogram including the prognostic signature was established and shown some clinical net benefit. These findings may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the new-immunotherapy of LSCC patients with smoking use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikun Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weida Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqing Zhang,
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28
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Combination of CDX2 H-score quantitative analysis with CD3 AI-guided analysis identifies patients with a good prognosis only in stage III colon cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022; 172:221-230. [PMID: 35785606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stratification of colon cancer (CC) of patients with stage II and III for risk of relapse is still needed especially to drive adjuvant therapy administration. Our study evaluates the prognostic performance of two known biomarkers, CDX2 and CD3, standalone or their combined information in stage II and III CC. PATIENTS AND METHODS CDX2 and CD3 expression was evaluated in Prodige-13 study gathering 443 stage II and 398 stage III primary CC on whole slide colectomy. We developed for this study an H-score to quantify CDX2 expression and used our artificial intelligence (AI)-guided tissue analysis ColoClass to detect CD3 in tumour core and invasive margin. Association between biomarkers and relapse-free survival was investigated. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that the combined variable CD3-TC and CD3-IM was associated with prognosis in both stage II and stage III. CDX2, on the contrary, was associated with prognosis only in stage III. We subsequently associated CDX2 and combined immune parameters only in stage III. This multivariate analysis allowed us to distinguish a proportion of stage III CC harbouring a high CDX2 expression and a high immune infiltration with a particularly good prognosis compared to their counterpart. CONCLUSION This study validated the prognostic role of CDX2 and CD3 evaluated with immunohistochemistry procedures in stage III but not in stage II. This association would be conceivable in a routine pathology laboratory and could help oncologist to consider chemotherapy de-escalation for a part of stage III patients.
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Rousseau B, Bieche I, Pasmant E, Hamzaoui N, Leulliot N, Michon L, de Reynies A, Attignon V, Foote MB, Masliah-Planchon J, Svrcek M, Cohen R, Simmet V, Augereau P, Malka D, Hollebecque A, Pouessel D, Gomez-Roca C, Guimbaud R, Bruyas A, Guillet M, Grob JJ, Duluc M, Cousin S, de la Fouchardiere C, Flechon A, Rolland F, Hiret S, Saada-Bouzid E, Bouche O, Andre T, Pannier D, El Hajbi F, Oudard S, Tournigand C, Soria JC, Champiat S, Gerber DG, Stephens D, Lamendola-Essel MF, Maron SB, Diplas BH, Argiles G, Krishnan AR, Tabone-Eglinger S, Ferrari A, Segal NH, Cercek A, Hoog-Labouret N, Legrand F, Simon C, Lamrani-Ghaouti A, Diaz LA, Saintigny P, Chevret S, Marabelle A. PD-1 Blockade in Solid Tumors with Defects in Polymerase Epsilon. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1435-1448. [PMID: 35398880 PMCID: PMC9167784 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene have been reported to generate proofreading defects resulting in an ultramutated genome and to sensitize tumors to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, many POLE-mutated tumors do not respond to such treatment. To better understand the link between POLE mutation variants and response to immunotherapy, we prospectively assessed the efficacy of nivolumab in a multicenter clinical trial in patients bearing advanced mismatch repair-proficient POLE-mutated solid tumors. We found that only tumors harboring selective POLE pathogenic mutations in the DNA binding or catalytic site of the exonuclease domain presented high mutational burden with a specific single-base substitution signature, high T-cell infiltrates, and a high response rate to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. This study illustrates how specific DNA repair defects sensitize to immunotherapy. POLE proofreading deficiency represents a novel agnostic biomarker for response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy. SIGNIFICANCE POLE proofreading deficiency leads to high tumor mutational burden with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts anti-PD-1 efficacy in mismatch repair-proficient tumors. Conversely, tumors harboring POLE mutations not affecting proofreading derived no benefit from PD-1 blockade. POLE proofreading deficiency is a new tissue-agnostic biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Hamzaoui
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Leulliot
- Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments, CNRS UMR8015, Université de Paris, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Michon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurelien de Reynies
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS1138, AP-HP, SeqOIA-IT, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael B. Foote
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Magali Svrcek
- Pathology department, Saint Antoine Hospital
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Romain Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75012 Paris, France
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Victor Simmet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest (ICO), Angers, France
| | - Paule Augereau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest (ICO), Angers, France
| | - David Malka
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Pouessel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud / IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Gomez-Roca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud / IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Amandine Bruyas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Marielle Guillet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | - Muriel Duluc
- Dermatology and Oncology, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Aude Flechon
- Department of medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Rolland
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO Institut de Cancerologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Sandrine Hiret
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO Institut de Cancerologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Esma Saada-Bouzid
- Medical Oncology, Centre Anticancer Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Bouche
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, CHU de Reims - Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Thierry Andre
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stephane Oudard
- Oncology, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Drew G. Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Stephens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven B. Maron
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bill H. Diplas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillem Argiles
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asha R. Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anthony Ferrari
- Platform of Bioinformatics Gilles Thomas-Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon
| | - Neil H. Segal
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frederic Legrand
- Research and Innovation, Institut National du Cancer, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | - Luis A. Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- U1015 & CIC1428, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Liu D, Luo Q, Du P, Zhang H, Wu W. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate as a Potent IDO1/TDO2 Dual Inhibitor Enhances Anti-PD1 Therapy for Colorectal Cancer in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870848. [PMID: 35571116 PMCID: PMC9091350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proved in colorectal cancer (CRC), the results are unsatisfactory, presumably owing to the presence of tryptophan metabolism enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2). However, only a few dual inhibitors for IDO1 and TDO2 have been reported. Here, we discovered that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a sulfonate derived from tanshinone IIA (TSN), reduced the enzymatic activities of IDO1 and TDO2 with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of less than 10 μM using enzymatic assays for natural product screening. In IDO1- or TDO2- overexpressing cell lines, STS decreased kynurenine (kyn) synthesis. STS also reduced the percentage of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) T cells in lymphocytes from the mouse spleen cocultured with CT26. In vivo, STS suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) antibody. Compared with anti-PD1 (α-PD1) monotherapy, combined with STS had lower level of plasma kynurenine. Immunofluorescence assay suggested that STS decreased the number of FOXP3+ T cells and increased the number of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in tumor tissues demonstrated an increase in the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. According to our findings, STS acts as an immunotherapy agent in CRC by inhibiting both IDO1 and TDO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peixin Du
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Yao K, Schaafsma E, Zhang B, Cheng C. Tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic features predict prognosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009495. [PMID: 35263321 PMCID: PMC8936467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is generally associated with favorable prognosis, clinical outcome varies substantially among patients. Genomic assays have been developed and applied to predict patient prognosis for personalized treatment. We hypothesize that the recurrence risk of ER+ breast cancer patients is determined by both genomic mutations intrinsic to tumor cells and extrinsic immunological features in the tumor microenvironment. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data, we identified the 72 most common genomic aberrations (including gene mutations and indels) in ER+ breast cancer and defined sample-specific scores that systematically characterized the deregulated pathways intrinsic to tumor cells. To further consider tumor cell extrinsic features, we calculated immune infiltration scores for six major immune cell types. Many individual intrinsic features are predictive of patient prognosis in ER+ breast cancer, and some of them achieved comparable accuracy with the Oncotype DX assay. In addition, statistical learning models that integrated these features predicts the recurrence risk of patients with significantly better performance than the Oncotype DX assay (our optimized random forest model AUC = 0.841, Oncotype DX model AUC = 0.792, p = 0.04). As a proof-of-concept, our study indicates the great potential of genomic and immunological features in prognostic prediction for improving breast cancer precision medicine. The framework introduced in this work can be readily applied to other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Baoyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Clinical and Transcriptional Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Bai Z, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Xiong J, Lan H, Wang F. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: The Fundamental Indication and Application on Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808964. [PMID: 35095898 PMCID: PMC8795622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, bringing renewed attention to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of various cancer types. Immune checkpoint blockade is effective in patients with mismatched repair defects and high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), leading the FDA to accelerate the approval of two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, for treatment of dMMR-MSI-H cancers. In contrast, patients with proficient mismatch repair and low levels of microsatellite stability or microsatellite instability (pMMR-MSI-L/MSS) typically have low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and have shown unsatisfied responses to the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Different TILs environments reflect different responses to immunotherapy, highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interaction. Profiling of TILs fundamental Indication would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize phenotypic diversities of TILs and their connections with prognosis in CRC and provide insights into the subsets-specific nature of TILs with different MSI status. We also discuss current clinical immunotherapy approaches based on TILs as well as promising directions for future expansion, and highlight existing clinical data supporting its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zifan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jialong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Kheirolomoom A, Kare AJ, Ingham ES, Paulmurugan R, Robinson ER, Baikoghli M, Inayathullah M, Seo JW, Wang J, Fite BZ, Wu B, Tumbale SK, Raie MN, Cheng RH, Nichols L, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. In situ T-cell transfection by anti-CD3-conjugated lipid nanoparticles leads to T-cell activation, migration, and phenotypic shift. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121339. [PMID: 35078042 PMCID: PMC8892572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo programming of T cells can be efficacious but is complex and expensive; therefore, the development of methods to transfect T cells in situ is important. We developed and optimized anti-CD3-targeted lipid nanoparticles (aCD3-LNPs) to deliver tightly packed, reporter gene mRNA specifically to T cells. In vitro, targeted LNPs efficiently delivered mCherry mRNA to Jurkat T cells, and T-cell activation and depletion were associated with aCD3 antibody coating on the surface of LNPs. aCD3-LNPs, but not non-targeted LNPs, accumulated within the spleen following systemic injection, with mCherry and Fluc signals visible within 30 min after injection. At 24 h after aCD3-LNP injection, 2-4% of all splenic T cells and 2-7% of all circulating T cells expressed mCherry, and this was dependent on aCD3 coating density. Targeting and transfection were accompanied by systemic CD25+, OX40+, and CD69+ T-cell activation with temporary CD3e ligand loss and depletion of splenic and circulating subsets. Migration of splenic CD8a+ T cells from the white-pulp to red-pulp, and differentiation from naïve to memory and effector phenotypes, followed upon aCD3-LNP delivery. Additionally, aCD3-LNP injection stimulated the secretion of myeloid-derived chemokines and T-helper cytokines into plasma. Lastly, we administered aCD3-LNPs to tumor bearing mice and found that transfected T cells localized within tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes following immunotherapy treatment. In summary, we show that CD3-targeted transfection is feasible, yet associated with complex immunological consequences that must be further studied for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aris J. Kare
- Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Mo Baikoghli
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jai W. Seo
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - James Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - Brett Z. Fite
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | | | - Marina N. Raie
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
| | - R. Holland Cheng
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Nichols
- Stanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine W. Ferrara
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto,
CA, USA,Corresponding author: Katherine W. Ferrara, PhD,
Professor and Division Chief, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department
of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
Phone: (650)723-8906,
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34
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PD-L1 tumor expression is associated with poor prognosis and systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2022; 156:453-464. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Jary M, Liu W, Yan D, Bai I, Muranyi A, Colle E, Brocheriou I, Turpin A, Radosevic‐Robin N, Bourgoin P, Penault‐Llorca F, Cohen R, Vernerey D, André T, Borg C, Shanmugam K, Svrcek M. The immune microenvironment in patients with mismatch‐repair‐proficient oligometastatic colorectal cancer exposed to chemotherapy: the randomized MIROX GERCOR cohort study. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2260-2273. [PMID: 34954864 PMCID: PMC9168761 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the metastatic microenvironment of proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is of paramount importance to both prognostication and the development of more effective novel therapies. In this study, primary and paired metastasis tissue samples were collected from patients with resectable metastatic CRC treated with adjuvant FOLFOX or peri‐operative chemotherapy in the MIROX phase III prospective study. In total, 74 cancer tissues were stained for CD3, CD8, Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1, invasive front, stromal, intra‐epithelial compartments), and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, tumor, immune cells). The immune profiling of primary CRC had a limited value to predict the immune context of paired metastases for all markers but CD3+. The expression of CD8 and PD‐L1 was higher in metastases after neoadjuvant FOLFOX. In metastases, both CD3 T cells at the invasive front and PD‐L1 expressions on immune cells were predictive of better disease‐free survival. These results show that the effect of FOLFOX on modifying the immune microenvironment in resected CRC metastases and measurement of PD‐L1 expression and tumor‐infiltrating CD8 T cells in pMMR/MSS metastatic tissue samples could improve treatment strategies of metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Jary
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Department of Surgical and Medical Oncology University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Wen‐Wei Liu
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Dongyao Yan
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Isaac Bai
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - Elise Colle
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Beaujon Clichy France
| | - Isabelle Brocheriou
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Lille Lille France
| | | | - Pierre Bourgoin
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Saint‐Antoine Hospital Paris France
| | | | - Romain Cohen
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Medical Oncology Saint‐Antoine Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit Besançon University Hospital Besançon France
- INSERM EFS BFC UMR1098, RIGHT University of Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Interactions hôte‐greffon‐tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique Besançon France
| | - Thierry André
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Medical Oncology Saint‐Antoine Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- INSERM EFS BFC UMR1098, RIGHT University of Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Interactions hôte‐greffon‐tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique Besançon France
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Besançon Besançon France
| | | | - Magali Svrcek
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Saint‐Antoine Hospital Paris France
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36
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Renman D, Gylling B, Vidman L, Bodén S, Strigård K, Palmqvist R, Harlid S, Gunnarsson U, van Guelpen B. Density of CD3 + and CD8 + Cells in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer according to Prediagnostic Physical Activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2317-2326. [PMID: 34607838 PMCID: PMC9398178 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated not only with a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer but also with improved survival. One putative mechanism is the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental findings suggest that physical activity may mobilize immune cells to the tumor. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity prior to colorectal cancer diagnosis are associated with higher densities of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The study setting was a northern Swedish population-based cohort, including 109,792 participants with prospectively collected health- and lifestyle-related data. For 592 participants who later developed colorectal cancer, archival tumor tissue samples were used to assess the density of CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by IHC. Odds ratios for associations between self-reported, prediagnostic recreational physical activity and immune cell infiltration were estimated by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Recreational physical activity >3 times per week was associated with a higher density of CD8+ T cells in the tumor front and center compared with participants reporting no recreational physical activity. Odds ratios were 2.77 (95% CI, 1.21-6.35) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.28-6.33) for the tumor front and center, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor stage. The risk estimates were consistent after additional adjustment for several potential confounders. For CD3, no clear associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may promote the infiltration of CD8+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. IMPACT The study provides some evidence on how physical activity may alter the prognosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renman
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: David Renman, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 46-61184149; E-mail:
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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El Samman DM, El Mahdy MM, Cousha HS, El Rahman Kamar ZA, Mohamed KAK, Gabal HHA. Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and CD8 in glioblastomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:388-397. [PMID: 34638219 PMCID: PMC8601951 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis. Immune evasion occurs via programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) interaction. Some malignant tumors have responded to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade treatment strategies, and PD-L1 has been described as a potential predictive biomarker. This study discussed the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 in glioblastomas. METHODS Thirty cases of glioblastoma were stained immunohistochemically for PD-L1 and CD8, where PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma tumor tissue above 1% is considered positive and CD-8 is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of each marker was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Survival analysis was conducted to correlate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with PD-L1 and CD8 expression. RESULTS Diffuse/fibrillary PD-L1 was expressed in all cases (mean expression, 57.6%), whereas membranous PD-L1 was expressed in six of 30 cases. CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) had a median expression of 10%. PD-L1 and CD8 were positively correlated (p = .001). High PD-L1 expression was associated with worse PFS and OS (p = .026 and p = .001, respectively). Correlation of CD8+ TILs percentage with age, sex, tumor site, laterality, and outcomes were statistically insignificant. Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 was the only independent factor that affected prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma is robust; higher PD-L1 expression is associated with lower CD8+ TIL expression and worse prognosis.
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Gill CM, D'Andrea MR, Tomita S, Suhner J, Umphlett M, Zakashansky K, Blank SV, Tsankova N, Shrivastava RK, Fowkes M, Kolev V. Tumor immune microenvironment in brain metastases from gynecologic malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2951-2960. [PMID: 33713153 PMCID: PMC10992931 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The density and distribution of the tumor immune microenvironment associated with brain metastases (BM) from gynecologic malignancies are unknown and have not been previously reported. We sought to describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies and to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment from available archival surgical specimens. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of electronic medical records from 2002 to 2018 for patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies. Data on patient characteristics, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were procured. CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD68, CD163, and FOXP3 immunohistochemistry were evaluated from available archival surgical specimens from primary disease site and neurosurgical resection. RESULTS A cohort of 44 patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies was identified, 21 (47.7%) endometrial primaries and 23 (52.3%) ovarian primaries. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were evaluated in 13 primary cases and 15 BM cases. For the 13 primary cases, CD4+ TILs were evident in 76.9% of cases, CD8+ in 92.3%, CD45RO+ in 92.3%, and FOXP3+ in 46.2%, as well as CD68+ TAMs in 100% and CD163+ in 100%. For the 15 BM cases, CD4+ TILs were evident in 60.0% of cases, CD8+ in 93.3%, CD45RO+ in 73.3%, and FOXP3+ in 35.7%, as well as CD68+ TAMs in 86.7% and CD163+ in 100%. CONCLUSION An active tumor immune microenvironment is present with similar distribution in the primary disease site and BM from patients with gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Gill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Megan R D'Andrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shannon Tomita
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessa Suhner
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa Umphlett
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Konstantin Zakashansky
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nadejda Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Raj K Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Valentin Kolev
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Toh JWT, Phan K, Reza F, Chapuis P, Spring KJ. Rate of dissemination and prognosis in early and advanced stage colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability status: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:1573-1596. [PMID: 33604737 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the past two decades, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been reported as a robust clinical biomarker associated with survival advantage attributed to its immunogenicity. However, MSI is also associated with high-risk adverse pathological features (poorly differentiated, mucinous, signet cell, higher grade) and exhibits a double-edged sword phenomenon. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the rate of dissemination and the prognosis of early and advanced stage colorectal cancer based on MSI status. METHODS A systematic literature search of original studies was performed on Ovid searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, American College of Physicians ACP Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects DARE, Clinical Trials databases from inception of database to June 2019. Colorectal cancer, microsatellite instability, genomic instability and DNA mismatch repair were used as key words or MeSH terms. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Data were pooled using a random-effects model with odds ratio (OR) as the effect size. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan ver 5.3 Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS From 5288 studies, 136 met the inclusion criteria (n = 92,035; MSI-H 11,746 (13%)). Overall, MSI-H was associated with improved OS (OR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.90), DFS (OR, 0.73; 95% CI 0.66-0.81) and DSS (OR, 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.90). Importantly, MSI-H had a protective effect against dissemination with a significantly lower rate of lymph node and distant metastases. By stage, the protective effect of MSI-H in terms of OS and DFS was observed clearly in stage II and stage III. Survival in stage I CRC was excellent irrespective of MSI status. In stage IV CRC, without immunotherapy, MSI-H was not associated with any survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS MSI-H CRC was associated with an overall survival benefit with a lower rate of dissemination. Survival benefit was clearly evident in both stage II and III CRC, but MSI-H was neither a robust prognostic marker in stage I nor stage IV CRC without immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W T Toh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Surgery, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, School of Medicine Western Sydney University and South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kevin Phan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faizur Reza
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre Chapuis
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, School of Medicine Western Sydney University and South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Chen D, Li G, Ji C, Lu Q, Qi Y, Tang C, Xiong J, Hu J, Yasar FBA, Zhang Y, Hoon DSB, Yao Y, Zhou L. Enhanced B7-H4 expression in gliomas with low PD-L1 expression identifies super-cold tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000154. [PMID: 32457124 PMCID: PMC7253052 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizing expression profiles of different immune checkpoint molecules are promising for personalized checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapy. Gliomas have been shown as potential targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors recently. Our study was performed to determine coexpression levels of two major B7 immune regulatory molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H4, both of which have been demonstrated to inhibit antitumor host immunity in gliomas. Methods We assessed tumor tissues from stage II–IV primary gliomas (n=505) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein levels of both PD-L1 and B7-H4. Gene coexpression analysis assessing clusters based on extent of PD-L1/B7-H4 classifier genes expression were investigated in two transcriptome datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas). In addition, levels of immune cell infiltrates were estimated with IHC and RNA-seq data for assessing the tumor immune microenvironment of PD-L1/B7-H4 subgroups. Results High expression of PD-L1 and B7-H4 in gliomas was 23% and 20%, respectively, whereas coexpression of two proteins at high levels was limited to 2% of the cases. Comparable results were seen in RNA-seq datasets where PD-L1 mRNA expression levels negatively correlated with that of B7-H4. Gene coexpression modules clustered within each grade of gliomas demonstrated lack of double-high modules (cluster with high expression of both PD-L1 and B7-H4 classifier genes). B7-H4 mRNA expression levels showed negative correlation with extent of immune cell infiltration and High-B7-H4 module gliomas (high B7-H4 but low PD-L1 classifier genes expression) had less tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). IHC assessment also showed few TILs and TAMs in High-B7-H4 subgroup gliomas. Conclusions The majority of gliomas express PD-L1 or B7-H4, however, coexpression of both at high levels is minimal. The high-B7-H4 patients could be considered as ‘super-cold’ gliomas with significantly deficient in TILs, suggesting that B7-H4 might inhibit T-cell trafficking into the central nervous system. This study demonstrated that PD-L1 and B7-H4 may serve as mutually compensatory immune checkpoint molecules in gliomas for immune targeted or active-specific immunotherapy. The distinct B7-H4 pathways modulating T-cell function and immune evasion in glioma patients deserved to be further explored in the future during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences & and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences & and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Health Systems, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The development of tumors requires an initiator event, usually exposure to DNA damaging agents that cause genetic alterations such as gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, leading to deregulated cell proliferation. Although the mere stochastic accumulation of further mutations may cause tumor progression, it is now clear that an inflammatory microenvironment has a major tumor-promoting influence on initiated cells, in particular when a chronic inflammatory reaction already existed before the initiated tumor cell was formed. Moreover, inflammatory cells become mobilized in response to signals emanating from tumor cells. In both cases, the microenvironment provides signals that initiated tumor cells perceive by membrane receptors and transduce via downstream kinase cascades to modulate multiple cellular processes and respond with changes in cell gene expression, metabolism, and morphology. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are examples of major signals secreted by immune cells, fibroblast, and endothelial cells and mediate an intricate cell-cell crosstalk in an inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to increased cancer cell survival, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to surrounding tissue conditions. Eventually, consequent changes in extracellular matrix stiffness and architecture, coupled with additional genetic alterations, further fortify the malignant progression of tumor cells, priming them for invasion and metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the composition of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on the major signals and signal-transducing events mediating different aspects of stromal cell-tumor cell communication that ultimately lead to malignant progression.
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Budithi A, Su S, Kirshtein A, Shahriyari L. Data Driven Mathematical Model of FOLFIRI Treatment for Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2632. [PMID: 34071939 PMCID: PMC8198096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many colon cancer patients show resistance to their treatments. Therefore, it is important to consider unique characteristic of each tumor to find the best treatment options for each patient. In this study, we develop a data driven mathematical model for interaction between the tumor microenvironment and FOLFIRI drug agents in colon cancer. Patients are divided into five distinct clusters based on their estimated immune cell fractions obtained from their primary tumors' gene expression data. We then analyze the effects of drugs on cancer cells and immune cells in each group, and we observe different responses to the FOLFIRI drugs between patients in different immune groups. For instance, patients in cluster 3 with the highest T-reg/T-helper ratio respond better to the FOLFIRI treatment, while patients in cluster 2 with the lowest T-reg/T-helper ratio resist the treatment. Moreover, we use ROC curve to validate the model using the tumor status of the patients at their follow up, and the model predicts well for the earlier follow up days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Budithi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sumeyye Su
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Arkadz Kirshtein
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.B.); (S.S.)
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Toh JWT, Ferguson AL, Spring KJ, Mahajan H, Palendira U. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and tissue resident memory cells in colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability and BRAF status. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:238-248. [PMID: 33959477 PMCID: PMC8085513 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in non-colorectal malignancy have associated T resident memory (TRM) cells with improved patient survival. It is unknown if TRM plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC).
AIM To examine the potential role of TRM cells in providing immunogenicity in CRC stratified by microsatellite instability (MSI) and BRAF status.
METHODS Patients with known MSI and BRAF mutation status were eligible for inclusion in this study. CRC tumour sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were microscopically reviewed and the images scanned prior to assessment for location of invading edge and core of tumour. Sequential sections were prepared for quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Opal Multiplex IHC staining was performed with appropriate positive and negative controls and imaged using a standard fluorescent microscope fitted with a spectral scanning camera (Mantra) in conjunction with Mantra snap software. Images were unmixed and annotated in inForm 2.2.0. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism Version 7 and Stata Version 15.
RESULTS Seventy-two patients with known MSI and BRAF status were included in the study. All patients were assessed for MSI by IHC and high resolution capillary electrophoresis testing and 44 of these patients successfully underwent quantitative multiplex IHC staining. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in CD8+ TRM cells in the MSI (BRAF mutant and wild type) group over the microsatellite stable (MSS) group. There was a statistically significant difference in CD8+ TRM between high level MSI (MSI-H):BRAF mutant [22.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 14.31-30.84] vs MSS [8.031 (95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0076 andMSI-H:BRAF wild type [16.18 (95%CI: 10.44-21.93)] vs MSS [8.031 (95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0279. There was no statistically significant difference in CD8 T cells (both CD8+CD103- and CD8+CD103+TRM) between MSI-H: BRAF mutant and wild type CRC.
CONCLUSION This study has shown that CD8+ TRM are found in greater abundance in MSI-H CRC, both BRAF mutant and MSI-H:BRAF wild type, when compared with their MSS counterpart. CD8+ TRM may play a role in the immunogenicity in MSI-H CRC (BRAF mutant and BRAF wild type). Further studies should focus on the potential immunogenic qualities of TRM cells and investigate potential immunotherapeutic approaches to improve treatment and survival associated with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wei Tatt Toh
- Division of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Human Viral & Cancer Immunology, Centenary Institute, Charles Perkin Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2000, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool Clinical School, University of Western Sydney, South Western Clinical School UNSW, Liverpool 2170, NSW, Australia
| | - Hema Mahajan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2000, NSW, Australia
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Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Rey D, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, González-Martín A, Paz-Cabezas M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Pérez-Villamil B, Sáez ME, Díaz-Rubio E, Mira E, Mañes S. SOD3 induces a HIF-2α-dependent program in endothelial cells that provides a selective signal for tumor infiltration by T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000432. [PMID: 32591431 PMCID: PMC7319787 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are linked to immune-mediated control of human cancers and response to immunotherapy. Tumors have nonetheless developed specific mechanisms that selectively restrict T cell entry into the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an anti-oxidant enzyme usually downregulated in tumors. We hypothesize that upregulation of SOD3 in the tumor microenvironment might be a mechanism to boost T cell infiltration by normalizing the tumor-associated endothelium. Results Here we show that SOD3 overexpression in endothelial cells increased in vitro transmigration of naïve and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not of myeloid cells. Perivascular expression of SOD3 also specifically increased CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell infiltration into tumors and improved the effectiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. SOD3-induced enhanced transmigration in vitro and tumor infiltration in vivo were not associated to upregulation of T cell chemokines such as CXCL9 or CXCL10, nor to changes in the levels of endothelial adhesion receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Instead, SOD3 enhanced T cell infiltration via HIF-2α-dependent induction of specific WNT ligands in endothelial cells; this led to WNT signaling pathway activation in the endothelium, FOXM1 stabilization, and transcriptional induction of laminin-α4 (LAMA4), an endothelial basement membrane component permissive for T cell infiltration. In patients with stage II colorectal cancer, SOD3 was associated with increased CD8+ TIL density and disease-free survival. SOD3 expression was also linked to a T cell–inflamed gene signature using the COAD cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas program. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SOD3-induced upregulation of LAMA4 in endothelial cells boosts selective tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes, thus transforming immunologically “cold” into “hot” tumors. High SOD3 levels are associated with human colon cancer infiltration by CD8+ T cells, with potential consequences for the clinical outcome of these patients. Our results also uncover a cell type–specific, distinct activity of the WNT pathway for the regulation of T cell infiltration into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Martínez-Rey
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mateo Paz-Cabezas
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Pérez-Villamil
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Clinical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Mira
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
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Herstad KMV, Gunnes G, Rørtveit R, Kolbjørnsen Ø, Tran L, Skancke E. Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in canine colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:119. [PMID: 33712002 PMCID: PMC7953700 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is believed to influence human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have an impact on prognosis and survival. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) are different in normal colonic tissue vs benign stages (adenomas) and malignant stages (adenocarcinomas) of canine colorectal carcinogenesis, and thus, whether they can be considered as prognostic factors in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 13) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized for reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract served as control tissue (n = 9). Results The tumor samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in the epithelium compared to controls (adenocarcinoma vs control, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004, and adenoma vs control, p = 0.002). Adenomas had a significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.008). Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. Compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (adenoma vs control Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004, and adenocarcinoma vs control, p = 0.002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenomas showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. The nuclear β-catenin expression (signal strength and distribution) was significantly higher in adenomas compared to adenocarcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers for demonstrating tumor progression from adenomas to adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18 and CD3+ cells in colorectal tumors compared to controls indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells, which may have implications for the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer in dogs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02829-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M V Herstad
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Runa Rørtveit
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvor Kolbjørnsen
- Department of Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Biohazard and Pathology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Biohazard and Pathology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Skancke
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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46
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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphoid Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Varying Disease Stages and Microsatellite Instability-High/Stable Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010064. [PMID: 33477864 PMCID: PMC7832866 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition is an effective anti-cancer therapeutic approach but has shown limited efficacy in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Importantly, immune constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence therapy response and cancer progression. We investigated the expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) on lymphoid populations within the CRC TME and compared with cells from normal colon tissues using samples from 50 patients with varying disease stages. We found that the levels of B cells, T cells, and NK cells were similar, IC-expressing CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells were higher, while CD8+ T cells and CD4−CD8− double negative T cells were significantly lower in CRC tumors. Notably, patients with mismatch-repair deficiency/microsatellite instability-high tumors had higher levels of IC-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than patients with proficient MMR and microsatellite stable tumors. Lastly, The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma datasets showed associations between low expression of selective genes and poorer progression-free interval. Our findings highlight differential expression of ICs on lymphoid cells in CRC tumors in the era of cancer immunotherapy, which at present is solely approved for anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with dMMR/MSI-H tumors. Further investigations into their functionality have potentials for deciphering resistance mechanisms to IC inhibition.
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47
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Francini E, Ou FS, Lazzi S, Petrioli R, Multari AG, Pesola G, Messuti L, Colombo E, Livellara V, Bazzurri S, Cherri S, Miano ST, Wolfe EG, Alberts SR, Hubbard JM, Yoon HH, Francini G. The prognostic value of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for stage II colon cancer according to use of adjuvant chemotherapy: A large single-institution cohort study. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100973. [PMID: 33338878 PMCID: PMC7750416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low CD3+ TILs rate was associated with shorter OS in those with stage II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant therapy. CD3+ TILs rate was not prognostic for patients with stage II colon cancer who had adjuvant therapy. Low CD3+ TILs rate may be an additional risk factor for stage II colon cancer patients who did not have adjuvant therapy yet.
Background High tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density was previously shown to be associated with favorable prognosis for patients with colon cancer (CC). However, the impact of TILs on overall survival (OS) of stage II CC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ) or not (no-ADJ) is unknown. We assessed the prognostic value of CD3+ TILs in stage II CC patients according to whether they had ADJ or not. Methods Patients treated with curative surgery for stage II CC (2002–2013) were selected from the Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital registry. TILs at the invasive front, center of tumor, and stroma were determined by immunohistochemistry and manually quantified as the rate of TILs/total tissue areas. High TILs (H-TILs) was defined as >20%. Patients were categorized as high or low TILs (L-TILs) and ADJ or no-ADJ. Results Of the 678 patients included, 137 (20%) received ADJ and 541 (80%) did not. The distribution of the 4 groups were: 16% (L-TIL/ADJ), 64% (L-TIL/no-ADJ), 5% (H-TIL/ADJ), 15% (H-TIL/no-ADJ). Compared to H-TILs/no-ADJ, ADJ patients showed a significantly increased OS (P<.01) regardless of the TILs rate whereas L-TILs/no-ADJ had significantly decreased OS and higher risk of death (HR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.88; P<.0001). On multivariable analysis, the unfavorable prognostic value of L-TILs (vs. H-TILs) for no-ADJ patients was confirmed (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.82; P=.0373). Conclusion Low CD3+ TILs rate was associated with shorter OS in those with stage II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Low CD3+ TILs could be considered an additional risk factor for still ADJ-untreated stage II CC patients, which could facilitate clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Francini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Cherri
- Santa Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guido Francini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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48
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Kirshtein A, Akbarinejad S, Hao W, Le T, Su S, Aronow RA, Shahriyari L. Data Driven Mathematical Model of Colon Cancer Progression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3947. [PMID: 33291412 PMCID: PMC7762015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every colon cancer has its own unique characteristics, and therefore may respond differently to identical treatments. Here, we develop a data driven mathematical model for the interaction network of key components of immune microenvironment in colon cancer. We estimate the relative abundance of each immune cell from gene expression profiles of tumors, and group patients based on their immune patterns. Then we compare the tumor sensitivity and progression in each of these groups of patients, and observe differences in the patterns of tumor growth between the groups. For instance, in tumors with a smaller density of naive macrophages than activated macrophages, a higher activation rate of macrophages leads to an increase in cancer cell density, demonstrating a negative effect of macrophages. Other tumors however, exhibit an opposite trend, showing a positive effect of macrophages in controlling tumor size. Although the results indicate that for all patients the size of the tumor is sensitive to the parameters related to macrophages, such as their activation and death rate, this research demonstrates that no single biomarker could predict the dynamics of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadz Kirshtein
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Shaya Akbarinejad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Sumeyye Su
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rachel A. Aronow
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA; (A.K.); (S.A.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (R.A.A.)
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Chen H, Yang G, Xiao J, Zheng L, You L, Zhang T. Neoantigen-based immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cancer Lett 2020; 490:12-19. [PMID: 32590021 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens generated in neoplasms are a type of protein completely absent in healthy tissues. Therefore, anti-tumor immunity targeting neoantigens is highly specific, which provides an optional approach to boost tumor immunotherapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans, with few efficient treatments to improve its prognosis. Therefore, immunotherapies reinforced by neoantigen-based strategies should be considered. In PDAC, the mutational burden is intermediate compared with other common malignancies, while the naturally formed tumor immunity is significantly inferior. Moreover, the high mutation load in PDAC correlates with a poor clinical prognosis, although the combination of a large mutation repertoire and competent T cell population is indispensable for long-term survival. In clinical practice, three strategies have been mainly used: peptide or tumor cell vaccines, neo-epitope-coding nucleotide vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. However, three major problems remain to be addressed, including (1) highly personalized protocols after sampling, (2) insufficient neoantigen quantity, and (3) ineffective immunotherapy of PDAC. In summary, neoantigen-based therapy of PDAC is increasing and the treatment methods are accompanied by great challenges. Currently, extensive development is needed for effective neoantigen-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Yuan Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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González IA, Bauer PS, Liu J, Chatterjee D. Intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with absence of tumour budding and immature/myxoid desmoplastic reaction, and with better recurrence-free survival in stages I-III colorectal cancer. Histopathology 2020; 78:252-264. [PMID: 32654226 DOI: 10.1111/his.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tumour budding (TB), desmoplastic reaction (DR) and intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs) are recently recognised prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated their significance and relationship to each other and their cumulative effect on survival. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 372 stages I-III CRC cases from 2013 to 2016 were included. Low TB was identified in 302 (81%) cases, immature/myxoid DR in 67 (18%) cases and iTILs in 130 (35.0%) cases. iTILs was associated with low budding (P = 0.0247), non-myxoid DR (P = 0.0004), poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.0015), absence of perineural invasion (P = 0.0367) and loss of mismatch repair proteins (P = 0.0002). Absence of iTILs and presence of immature/myxoid DR were associated with a worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.191, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.232-3.895; and HR = 5.706, 95% CI = 3.632-8.964, respectively]. A competing risk analysis showed statistically significant prognostic groups combining iTILs and TB (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and low TB were associated with better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and with intermediate/high TB (HR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.109-0.421). Similarly, combining iTILs and DR revealed statistically significant prognostic groups (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and a non-myxoid DR had better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and immature/myxoid DR (HR = 0.113, 95% CI = 0.056-0.230). On multivariate cause-specific analysis, patients' age (P = 0.0045), iTILs (P = 0.0345), DR (P < 0.0001) and pTNM prognostic groups (P < 0.0001) were associated with RFS. CONCLUSIONS Our study validates the association of iTILs and DR as independent prognostic finding in CRC, and propose a prognostic model using the combinations of iTILs with TB and stromal reaction in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A González
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - P S Bauer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - D Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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