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Elango R, Radhakrishnan V, Rashid S, Al-Sarraf R, Akhtar M, Ouararhni K, Alajez NM. Long noncoding RNA profiling unveils LINC00960 as unfavorable prognostic biomarker promoting triple negative breast cancer progression. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:333. [PMID: 39039064 PMCID: PMC11263344 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in breast cancer pathogenesis, including Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtype. Identifying the lncRNA expression patterns across different breast cancer subtypes could provide valuable insights into their potential utilization as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we profiled lncRNA expression in 96 breast cancer cases, revealing significant differences compared to normal breast tissue. Variations across breast cancer subtypes, including Hormone Receptor-positive (HR + ), HER2-positive (HER2 + ), HER2 + HR + , and TNBC, as well as in relation to tumor grade and patients' age at diagnosis were observed. TNBC and HER2+ subtypes showed distinct clustering, while HER2 + HR+ tumors clustered closer to HR+ tumors based on their lncRNA profiles. Our data identified numerous enriched lncRNAs in TNBC, notably the elevated expression of LINC00960, which was subsequently validated in two additional datasets. Analysis of LINC00960 expression in an independent TNBC cohort (n = 360) revealed elevated expression of LINC00960 to correlate with cell movement, invasion, proliferation, and migration functional categories. Depletion of LINC00960 significantly reduced TNBC cell viability, colony formation, migration, and three-dimensional growth, while increasing cell death. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling of LINC00960-depleted cells confirmed its tumor-promoting role, likely through sponging of hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, and hsa-miR-183-5p, leading to the upregulation of cancer-promoting genes including BMI1, KRAS, and AKT3. Our findings highlight the distinct lncRNA expression patterns in breast cancer subtypes and underscore the crucial role for LINC00960 in promoting TNBC pathogenesis, suggesting its potential utilization as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Elango
- Translational Oncology Research Center (TORC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vishnubalaji Radhakrishnan
- Translational Oncology Research Center (TORC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sameera Rashid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (DLMP), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Al-Sarraf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (DLMP), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Akhtar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (DLMP), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Genomics Core Facility, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Translational Oncology Research Center (TORC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
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Bu R, Siraj AK, Al-Rasheed M, Iqbal K, Azam S, Qadri Z, Haqawi W, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Almalik O, Al-Kuraya KS. Identification and characterization of ATM founder mutation in BRCA-negative breast cancer patients of Arab ethnicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20924. [PMID: 38017116 PMCID: PMC10684510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide with germline pathogenic variants/likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in BRCA1/2 accounting for a large portion of hereditary cases. Recently, heterozygous PVs/LPVs in the ATM serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) has been identified as a moderate susceptibility factor for BC in diverse ethnicities. However, the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs in BC susceptibility in Arab populations remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs among BC patients from Saudi Arabia, employing capture-sequencing technology for ATM PVs/LPVs screening in a cohort of 715 unselected BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs. In addition, founder mutation analysis was conducted using the PHASE program. In our entire cohort, four unique PVs/LPVs in the ATM gene were identified in six cases (0.8%). Notably, one recurrent LPV, c.6115G > A:p.Glu2039Lys was identified in three cases, for which haplotype analysis confirmed as a novel putative founder mutation traced back to 13 generations on average. This founder mutation accounted for half of all identified mutant cases and 0.4% of total screened cases. This study further reveals a significant correlation between the presence of ATM mutation and family history of BC (p = 0.0127). These findings underscore an approximate 0.8% prevalence of ATM germline PVs/LPVs in Arab BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs and suggest a founder effect of specific recurrent ATM mutation. These insights can help in the design of a genetic testing strategy tailored to the local population in Saudi Arabia, thereby, enabling more accurate clinical management and risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Azam
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Haqawi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Almalik
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Centre at KFNCCC, Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Hamed MM, Gouida MS, Abd EL-Aziz SR, EL-Sokkary AM. Evaluation PD-L1, CD8 and CD20 as early predictor and tracking markers for breast cancer (BC) in Egypt. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09474. [PMID: 35647336 PMCID: PMC9136277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is considered as a common type of cancer threatening women throughout the world. Therefore, development of early predication biomarkers for BC got more concern especially for Egyptian females. This study was aimed to evaluate PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 as early prediction breast cancer biomarkers. Methods Flow cytometry (FC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot, and q-PCR were used to compare PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 levels in tissues and blood samples of Breast Cancer and controls. Results Blood samples showed a significant increase in PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 compared to controls (p˂0.005). A Significant correlation was shown between PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 in tissue and breast cancer subtypes. Whereas, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was characterized by superior PD-L1 and CD20 levels compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). FC studies on Blood showed 83% and 45.7% PD-L1 expressions for IDC and ILC, respectively. CD20 in ILC and IDC were 78.2% and 62.5%, respectively. Nevertheless, CD8 was 74.2% for IDC and 67.7% for ILC. Whereas, FC studies for PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 in ILC in tissues gave 34.4%, 30.2% and 35.1%, respectively. In addition, IDC tissue samples showed 16%, 12.5, and 13.5% for PD-L1, CD20, and CD8. The moderate stage of adenocarcinoma caused expression of PD-L1 within inflammatory cells, while expression was within neoplastic glandular cells in late stage. Conclusion PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 are considered as early predictor and tracking markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M. Hamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mona S. Gouida
- Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M.A. EL-Sokkary
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Ahmed SO, Siraj N, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. High Expression of Cyclin D1 is an Independent Marker for Favorable Prognosis in Middle Eastern Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3309-3318. [PMID: 34040395 PMCID: PMC8141388 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s309091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cyclin D1 protein regulates cell cycle progression which is mediated by its interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases. Over-expression of cyclin D1 has been observed in several human cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate cyclin D1 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast cancers and determine its prognostic significance. Patients and Methods Cyclin D1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically and its association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed in 1003 breast cancer patients. Results Cyclin D1 was over-expressed in 59.4% (596/1003) of cases and significantly associated with a subset of breast cancers having favorable prognostic features, such as low grade (p < 0.0001), low stage (p = 0.0276), estrogen receptor (p < 0.0001) and progesterone receptor positive (p < 0.0001) tumors. An inverse association was found with triple negative breast cancers (p < 0.0001). More importantly, cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor of favorable overall survival in our cohort (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.50–0.98; p = 0.0395). Also, tumors that highly expressed cyclin D1 had a longer recurrence-free survival. However, this significant association was seen only in univariate analysis. We also found cyclin D1 to be associated with phospho-Rb in luminal subtype of breast cancer and co-expression of both these markers was an independent predictor of luminal A breast cancer. Conclusion Our results reinforced the role of cyclin D1 in breast cancer pathology and revealed its expression as a valuable independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer from Middle Eastern ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Frequency and clinical characteristics of HER2 over-expressed breast cancer in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33407382 PMCID: PMC7788710 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the frequency of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) over-expression in newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients in Saudi Arabia and to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with HER2-positive disease. METHODS In the first part of the study, we retrospectively reviewed the pathology records of all patients diagnosed with BC between 2007 and 2013 at 3 hospitals in the largest 3 cities in Saudi Arabia to determine the frequency of HER2 over-expression. In the second part, a representative sample from the patients identified with HER2 over-expressed BC was selected for further investigation. Data collected included demographic and clinical characteristics such as hormone-receptor status, treatment regimens, survival data, response to treatment, and selected adverse events. RESULTS 1867 BC records were included in the study. HER2 was overexpressed in 559 patients (29.9%); of those, 348 HER2-positive BC patients were included in subsequent analyses. In the sample of HER2-positive BC patients, median age at diagnosis was 46 years, 0.9% were male, 92.5% were Saudi, 42.4% were Hormone Receptor-negative, and 13.1% had stage IV tumors. Most patients (84.2%) underwent curative intent surgery and 71.8% received radiotherapy. Average tumor size was 3.5 ± 2.5 cm and infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common pathology (92.9%). As for pharmacological therapy, the most commonly used regimens were Chemotherapy + Trastuzumab combination (79.1%) in neoadjuvant setting, Hormonotherapy alone (56.2%) in adjuvant setting, and Chemotherapy + Targeted therapy combination (64.8%) as palliative treatment. At the last patient evaluation, 36.9% had complete response, while 33.2% had progressive disease. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were not reached in patients on neoadjuvant/adjuvant pharmacotherapy. As for patients on palliative intent pharmacotherapy, median OS and PFS were 64.7 and 29.3 months respectively. CONCLUSION This study provided updated figures regarding HER2 overexpression in BC in Saudi Arabia: HER2 overexpression rate (29.9%) was within the range reported in previous studies. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were also similar to those reported earlier, with a median age at diagnosis of 46 years and one third of patients having locally advanced/metastatic disease at diagnosis.
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Abu Awwad D, Hossain SZ, Mackey M, Brennan P, Adam S. Women's Breast Cancer Knowledge and Health Communication in the United Arab Emirates. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040495. [PMID: 33218122 PMCID: PMC7711768 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), women’s participation in breast cancer screening is low, and women are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages. This study investigated women’s attitudes towards breast cancer screening, their use of health services in the UAE emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, and their preferred medium for breast cancer information. In this qualitative study, six focus groups were conducted with Emirati (n = 28) and non-Emirati (n = 26) women as Ras Al Khaimah is a highly multi-cultural region. Women were separated into different age groups (25–34, 30–44, 44+) so as to obtain perspectives of young (n = 16), middle (n = 19), and older women (n = 19). The focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Women recognised that any breast change should be checked by a doctor, and that women with symptoms or those at higher risk may need to have breast screening earlier than the recommended starting age. However, participants wanted more information from doctors or other health personnel. Women had observed breast cancer information and campaigns advertisements in multiple media but recommended greater use of social media and WhatsApp to disseminate information. Overall, women had positive attitudes towards breast cancer screening but wanted more breast cancer awareness campaigns year-round and better access to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Abu Awwad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Syeda Zakia Hossain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-9340
| | - Martin Mackey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Brennan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Shukri Adam
- College of Nursing, Ras Al Khaimah Medical & Health Sciences University, Al Qusaidat, UAE;
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Ng CWQ, Lim JNW, Liu J, Hartman M. Presentation of breast cancer, help seeking behaviour and experience of patients in their cancer journey in Singapore: a qualitative study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1080. [PMID: 33167930 PMCID: PMC7653763 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the presentation, help seeking behaviour for breast cancer in Singapore. Nor was there a study exploring the experience of patients in their breast cancer journey. METHODS A qualitative interview study with thematic analysis, conducted with 36 patients. RESULTS There is no clear pattern of presentation for breast cancer by cancer stage at diagnosis, age and ethnicity in the cancer journey of this group of patients. Patients were diagnosed with early to advanced stages cancer regardless of when they presented or took up treatment in their cancer journey. The reasons patients sought medical attention also did not appear to differ between the stages of cancer diagnosed, ethnic and age. Without setting a measure to define early and late presentation, we found that women shared similar experience in their breast cancer journey, regardless of age, ethnicity and stage of cancer at diagnosis. Poor knowledge of breast cancer (symptoms and causes); few practised regular BSE; denial of symptom; fear of hospitalisation, diagnosis and treatment; worries and stress over financial burden of treatment; misinformation in magazine and online sources; diet; stress; caring responsibility; support network; and use of alternative medicine before and after diagnosis were identified in patients' narratives. Strong social support; fear of being an emotional and financial burden for the family; and financial worries during treatment were also the recurring themes after diagnosis. CONCLUSION A measure of breast cancer presentation - that accounts for the patient's experience in the cancer journey, the time interval and tumour biology - that is meaningful to patients, clinicians and researchers is needed. For research on late and delayed presentation, details on BSE practice - how often, when and was it done correctly - will improve the accuracy of time delay interval. For the public, concerted efforts to improve knowledge of breast cancer, survival and prognosis for early-diagnosed cancer, and the importance of regular and correct technique to perform BSE, are critical and urgent to address the rising breast cancer incidence in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene W Q Ng
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ride Road, Tower Block, University Surgical Cluster, Level 8, Singapore City, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jennifer N W Lim
- Institure of Health, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, WV1 1LY, Wolverhampton, UK.
| | - Jenny Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Block MD6, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore City, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ride Road, Tower Block, University Surgical Cluster, Level 8, Singapore City, 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Block MD6, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore City, 117597, Singapore
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Laitman Y, Friebel TM, Yannoukakos D, Fostira F, Konstantopoulou I, Figlioli G, Bonanni B, Manoukian S, Zuradelli M, Tondini C, Pasini B, Peterlongo P, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Jakimovska M, Majidzadeh K, Zarinfam S, Loizidou MA, Hadjisavvas A, Michailidou K, Kyriacou K, Behar DM, Molho RB, Ganz P, James P, Parsons MT, Sallam A, Olopade OI, Seth A, Chenevix-Trench G, Leslie G, McGuffog L, Marafie MJ, Megarbane A, Al-Mulla F, Rebbeck TR, Friedman E. The spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variants in Middle Eastern, North African, and South European countries. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:e1-e23. [PMID: 31209999 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 BRCA2 mutational spectrum in the Middle East, North Africa, and Southern Europe is not well characterized. The unique history and cultural practices characterizing these regions, often involving consanguinity and inbreeding, plausibly led to the accumulation of population-specific founder pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs). To determine recurring BRCA PSVs in these locales, a search in PUBMED, EMBASE, BIC, and CIMBA was carried out combined with outreach to researchers from the relevant countries for unpublished data. We identified 232 PSVs in BRCA1 and 239 in BRCA2 in 25 of 33 countries surveyed. Common PSVs that were detected in four or more countries were c.5266dup (p.Gln1756Profs), c.181T>G (p.Cys61Gly), c.68_69del (p.Glu23Valfs), c.5030_5033del (p.Thr1677Ilefs), c.4327C>T (p.Arg1443Ter), c.5251C>T (p.Arg1751Ter), c.1016dup (p.Val340Glyfs), c.3700_3704del (p.Val1234Glnfs), c.4065_4068del (p.Asn1355Lysfs), c.1504_1508del (p.Leu502Alafs), c.843_846del (p.Ser282Tyrfs), c.798_799del (p.Ser267Lysfs), and c.3607C>T (p.Arg1203Ter) in BRCA1 and c.2808_2811del (p.Ala938Profs), c.5722_5723del (p.Leu1908Argfs), c.9097dup (p.Thr3033Asnfs), c.1310_1313del (p. p.Lys437Ilefs), and c.5946del (p.Ser1982Argfs) for BRCA2. Notably, some mutations (e.g., p.Asn257Lysfs (c.771_775del)) were observed in unrelated populations. Thus, seemingly genotyping recurring BRCA PSVs in specific populations may provide first pass BRCA genotyping platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, The Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Gisella Figlioli
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Zuradelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Zarinfam
- Department of Genetics, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Rinat Bernstein Molho
- The Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Patricia Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul James
- Parkville Familial Cancer Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aminah Sallam
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Arun Seth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | | | | | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, The Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Al-Hussaini M, Ammar K, Kasasbeh N, Sultan H, Al-Omari A. Global celebrities' effect on health awareness among Jordanians: A study using the case of Angelina Jolie. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:1021-1028. [PMID: 31386265 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Celebrities' health decisions have long been associated with heightened awareness and health trend changes. This is the first study conducted in an Arab population investigating the impact of international celebrity news on local communities using the case of Angelia Jolie's (AJ) prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy surgeries. The objective was to measure the effect of publicized medical information on cancer genetic testing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This is a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire for clinic visitors at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). We had predominantly female (n = 262, 66.3%) and healthy participants (n = 248, 66.5%). Approximately 80.7% (n = 330) recognized AJ, the actress, and of these, 71% (n = 232) were aware of her recent diagnosis and prophylactic surgeries. Males reported a higher knowledge score (p < .001). However, females had more initiative to seek information (18.3% vs. 10.1%; p = .04). People aware of Angelina's prophylactic procedures were inclined to seek information regarding cancer genetics (20.8% vs. 9.6% p = .003). Breast and ovarian cancer patients were more likely than other cancer patients to encourage family members to undergo prophylactic surgery in case of BRCA1/2 mutations (39.2% vs. 17.1% p = .03). Ninety-three percent of the sample lacked knowledge regarding the availability of cancer genetic testing in Jordan. Results highlight a clear effect of celebrity medical news on our population, as well as openness to consider genetic testing as an early detection tool for women with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Generalization of these results to the population of Jordan requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.,Office of Human Research Protection Program (HRPP), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawlah Ammar
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Kasasbeh
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Sultan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal Al-Omari
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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10
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The yield of full BRCA1/2 genotyping in Israeli Arab high-risk breast/ovarian cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:231-237. [PMID: 31368036 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the spectrum of germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes in the Israeli Jewish population has been extensively studied, there is a paucity of data pertaining to Israeli Arab high-risk cases. METHODS Consecutive Israeli Arab breast and/or ovarian cancer patients were recruited using an ethically approved protocol from January 2012 to February 2019. All ovarian cancer cases were referred for BRCA genotyping. Breast cancer patients were offered BRCA sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis after genetic counseling, if the calculated risk for carrying a BRCA mutation by risk prediction algorithms was ≥10%. RESULTS Overall, 188 patients participated; 150 breast cancer cases (median age at diagnosis: 40 years, range 22-67) and 38 had ovarian cancer (median age at diagnosis: 52.5 years, range 26-79). Of genotyped cases, 18 (10%) carried one of 12 pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants, 12 in BRCA1, 6 in BRCA2. Only one was a rearrangement. Three variants recurred in more than one case; one was detected in five seemingly unrelated families. The detection rate for all breast cancer cases was 4%, 5% in bilateral breast cancer cases and 3% if breast cancer was diagnosed < 40 years. Of patients with ovarian cancer, 12/38 (32%) were carriers; the detection rate reached 75% (3/4) among patients diagnosed with both breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS The overall yield of comprehensive BRCA1/2 testing in high-risk Israeli Arab individuals is low in breast cancer patients, and much higher in ovarian cancer patients. These results may guide optimal cancer susceptibility testing strategy in the Arab-Israeli population.
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11
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Krishnankutty R, Iskandarani A, Therachiyil L, Uddin S, Azizi F, Kulinski M, Bhat AA, Mohammad RM. Anticancer Activity of Camel Milk via Induction of Autophagic Death in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3501-3509. [PMID: 30583676 PMCID: PMC6428541 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Camel milk is traditionally known for its human health benefits and believed to be a remedy for various human ailments including cancer. The study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of commercially available camel milk on cancer cells and its underlying mechanism(s). Materials and Methods: Two cell lines: colorectal cancer HCT 116 and breast cancer MCF-7 were cultured with different doses of camel milk. The effects of camel milk on cell death were determined by MTT assay, viability by trypan blue exclusion assay and migration by in vitro scratch assay. The mechanism was elucidated by western blotting and confocal microscopy was used to confirm autophagy. Results: Camel milk significantly reduced proliferation, viability as well as migration of both the cells. The accumulation of LC3-II protein along with reduction in expression of p62 and Atg 5-12, the autophagy proteins implied induction of autophagy. The (GFP)-LC3 puncta detected by confocal microscopy confirmed the autophagosome formation in response to camel milk treatment. Conclusion: Camel milk exerted antiproliferative effects on human colorectal HCT 116 and breast MCF-7 cancer cells by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar.
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12
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Sengal AT, Haj Mukhtar NS, Vetter M, Elhaj AM, Bedri S, Hauptmann S, Thomssen C, Mohamedani AA, Wickenhauser C, Kantelhardt EJ. Comparison of Receptor-Defined Breast Cancer Subtypes Between German and Sudanese Women: A Facility-Based Cohort Study. J Glob Oncol 2018; 4:1-12. [PMID: 30241184 PMCID: PMC6180747 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2017.010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare tumor characteristics, biomarkers, and surrogate subtypes of breast cancer between Sudanese and German women. METHODS Tumor characteristics and immunohistochemistry markers (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) were collected from the routine assessment of consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 (Gezira University Pathology Laboratory, Gezira, Sudan) and from 1999 to 2013 (Breast Centre, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany). RESULTS A total of 2,492 patients (German [n = 1,932] and Sudanese [n = 560]) were included. Age at diagnosis ranged from 20 to 94 years. Sudanese women were, on average, 10 years younger than German women, with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 48.8 (13.5) and 58.6 (12.4) years, respectively. The Sudanese women had a higher grade, larger tumor, and more lymph node positivity compared with German women. ER-, PR-, and HER2-negative proportions were 55%, 61.8%, and 71.3%, respectively, for Sudanese women versus 22.7%, 32.3%, and 82.5%, respectively, for German women. The triple-negative subtype was more prevalent in Sudanese women (34.5%) than in German women (14.2%). The strongest factor associated with ER-negative disease was grade III (odds ratio, 19.6; 95% CI 11.6 to 33.4; P < .001). Sudanese patients were at higher risk for ER-negative breast cancer, with an odds ratio of 2.01 ( P = .001; adjusted for age, size, nodal status, histologic type, and grade). Stratified by grade, the influence of origin was observed in grade I and grade II tumors, but not in grade III tumors. CONCLUSION Sudanese women had more aggressive tumor characteristics and unfavorable prognostic biomarkers. After adjustment, Sudanese origin was still associated with hormone receptor-negative disease, especially in grade I and II tumors. These findings suggest differences in tumor biology among these ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Nada Suliman Haj Mukhtar
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Martina Vetter
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Shahinaz Bedri
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Steffen Hauptmann
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Abdalla Mohamedani
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal, Nada Suliman Haj
Mukhtar, Ahmed Mohammed Elhaj, and Ahmed Abdalla
Mohamedani, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan; Asmerom
Tesfamariam Sengal, Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara,
Eritrea; Martina Vetter, Christoph Thomssen,
Claudia Wickenhauser, and Eva Johanna Kantelhardt,
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Shahinaz
Bedri, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and Steffen
Hauptmann, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the
Netherlands
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13
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Khan F, Ricks-Santi LJ, Zafar R, Kanaan Y, Naab T. Expression of p27 and c-Myc by immunohistochemistry in breast ductal cancers in African American women. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:170-174. [PMID: 29715580 PMCID: PMC6008231 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteins p27 and c-Myc are both key players in the cell cycle. While p27, a tumor suppressor, inhibits progression from G1 to S phase, c-Myc, a proto-oncogene, plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The objective of our study was to determine the association between expression of c-Myc and the loss of p27 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the four major subtypes of breast cancer (BC) (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Triple Negative) and with other clinicopathological factors in a population of 202 African-American (AA) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from FFPE tumor blocks from primary ductal breast carcinomas in 202 AA women. Five micrometer sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against p27 and a rabbit monoclonal antibody against c-Myc. The sections were evaluated for intensity of nuclear reactivity (1-3) and percentage of reactive cells; an H-score was derived from the product of these measurements. RESULTS Loss of p27 expression and c-Myc overexpression showed statistical significance with ER negative (p < 0.0001), PR negative (p < 0.0001), triple negative (TN) (p < 0.0001), grade 3 (p = 0.038), and overall survival (p = 0.047). There was no statistical significant association between c-Myc expression/p27 loss and luminal A/B and Her2 overexpressing subtypes. CONCLUSION In our study, a statistically significant association between c-Myc expression and p27 loss and the triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) was found in AA women. A recent study found that constitutive c-Myc expression is associated with inactivation of the axin 1 tumor suppressor gene. p27 inhibits cyclin dependent kinase2/cyclin A/E complex formation. Axin 1 and CDK inhibitors may represent possible therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Luisel J Ricks-Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Rabia Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tammey Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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14
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FoxM1 is an independent poor prognostic marker and therapeutic target for advanced Middle Eastern breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17466-17482. [PMID: 29707121 PMCID: PMC5915129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in females in Saudi Arabia. BC in Saudi women tend to behave more aggressively than breast cancer in the West. Therefore, identification of new molecular targets and treatment strategies are highly warranted to improve patient outcome. FoxM1 has been shown to play a critical role in pathogenesis of various malignancies. In this study, we explored the prevalence and clinical implication of FoxM1 overexpression in Saudi breast cancer. FoxM1 protein overexpression was seen in 79% (770/975) of BC tissues and was associated with aggressive clinical parameters such as younger age (< 30 yrs) (p = 0.0172), high grade (p < 0.0001), mucinous histology (p < 0.0001) and triple negative phenotype (p < 0.0001). Overexpression of FoxM1 was significantly associated with activated AKT (p < 0.0001), Ki67 expression (p < 0.0001), VEGF (p < 0.0001), MMP-9 (p < 0.0001), XIAP (p < 0.0001) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.0300). Importantly, FoxM1 overexpression is found to be an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis in advanced stage (Stage III and IV) breast cancer (p = 0.0298). In vitro data using BC cell lines showed that down-regulation of FoxM1 using specific inhibitor, thiostrepton or siRNA inhibited cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, treatment of BC cell lines with thiostrepton resulted in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, thiostrepton treatment regressed MDA-MB-231 cells generated xenografts via down-regulation of FoxM1 and its downstream targets. Our results suggest that FoxM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of aggressive breast cancers.
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15
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Alhuqail AJ, Alzahrani A, Almubarak H, Al-Qadheeb S, Alghofaili L, Almoghrabi N, Alhussaini H, Park BH, Colak D, Karakas B. High prevalence of deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in arab breast and ovarian cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 168:695-702. [PMID: 29297111 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) genes are heavily involved in mammalian cell DNA repair processes. Germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA increase the lifetime risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer in women. In the Arabian Peninsula, most breast and ovarian cancers are diagnosed as early-onset cases, some of which may be due to germline variants in BRCA genes. To identify the BRCA germline mutation frequency and spectrum in the Arab breast and ovarian cancers, we have sequenced the protein-coding exons of these genes. METHODS All BRCA coding exons were sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from lymphocytes in 173 Arab breast and ovarian cancer patients by a massively parallel sequencing technology and verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified a total of 17 distinct pathogenic mutations, of which four were novel, in 28 patients; nine out of 108 breast (8.3%) and 19 out of 65 ovarian cancer (29.2%) patients. Thirteen of the 17 mutations were detected in BRCA1 and four mutations were found in BRCA2 gene. Four pathogenic BRCA1 mutations (c.1140dupG, c.4136_4137delCT, c.5095C>T, and c.5530delC) accounted for 54% of all the mutations detected in our patient cohort. Additionally, we identified a likely pathogenic BRCA1 missense variant in two of 108 breast (1.9%) and a BRCA2 missense variant in one of 65 ovarian cancer (1.5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The overall frequencies of the BRCA germline mutations were 10.2% in breast and 30.7% in ovarian cancer patients. These data shed new light into the prevalence of BRCA mutations in the Arab women population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Joharah Alhuqail
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alzahrani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannah Almubarak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Qadheeb
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nisreen Almoghrabi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Alhussaini
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedri Karakas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Nagahashi M, Ling Y, Hayashida T, Kitagawa Y, Futamura M, Yoshida K, Kuwayama T, Nakamura S, Toshikawa C, Yamauchi H, Yamauchi T, Kaneko K, Kanbayashi C, Sato N, Miyoshi Y, Tsuchida J, Nakajima M, Shimada Y, Ichikawa H, Lyle S, Takabe K, Okuda S, Wakai T. Actionable gene alterations in an Asian population with triple-negative breast cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2. [PMID: 32529167 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been suggested that the biological characteristics of breast cancer may differ among different geographic or ethnic populations. Indeed, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most lethal breast cancer subgroup, has been reported to show a higher incidence in Japan than in the US. However, most genomic studies of these tumors are from Western countries and the genomic landscape of TNBC in an Asian population has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we sought to elucidate the geographic and ethnic diversity of breast cancer by examining actionable driver alterations in TNBC tumors from Japanese patients and comparing them with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which gather data primarily from non-Asian patients. Materials and Methods We performed comprehensive genomic profiling, including an analysis of 435 known cancer genes on Japanese TNBC patients (N=53) and compared the results to independent data obtained from TCGA (N=123). Results Driver alterations were identified in 51 out of 53 Japanese patients (96%). Although the overall alteration spectrum of Japanese patients was similar to that of the TCGA, we found significant differences in the frequencies of alterations in MYC and PTK2. We identified three patients (5.7%) with a high tumor mutation burden, although no microsatellite instability was observed in any of the Japanese patients. Importantly, pathway analysis revealed that 66.0% (35/53) of Japanese patients, as well as 66.7% (82/123) of the TCGA cohort, had alterations in at least one actionable gene targetable by an FDA-approved drug. Conclusion Our study identified actionable driver alterations in Japanese patients with TNBC, revealing new opportunities for targeted therapies in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - YiWei Ling
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hayashida
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwayama
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Chie Toshikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashicho, Chuo, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Hideko Yamauchi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashicho, Chuo, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Teruo Yamauchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashicho, Chuo, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneko
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 15-3 Kawagishi-cho 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kanbayashi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 15-3 Kawagishi-cho 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 15-3 Kawagishi-cho 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Nakajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Stephen Lyle
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, the State University of New York, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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17
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Sengal AT, Haj-Mukhtar NS, Elhaj AM, Bedri S, Kantelhardt EJ, Mohamedani AA. Immunohistochemistry defined subtypes of breast cancer in 678 Sudanese and Eritrean women; hospitals based case series. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:804. [PMID: 29191181 PMCID: PMC5710067 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy accounting for 25% of all cancers in females. In Africa, breast cancer prevalence and mortality are steadily increasing. Knowledge of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expressions are vital for breast cancer management plans and decision making. There is wide regional variation in the proportion of these biomarkers, especially in African countries. Hormone receptors positivity in indigenous African and African American women is considered to be low and triple negative breast cancer is a dominant phenotype. There is paucity of data regarding hormone receptors (ER and PR) and HER2 expressions in North-eastern Africa (Eritrea and Sudan). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of ER, PR and HER2 in Eritrean and Sudanese case series and correlate these biomarkers with the clinicopathological profile. METHOD Clinicopathologic data of patients were collected from clinical records. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER2) were assessed in consecutive female patients who had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2011 to 2015 in Gezira University Pathology Laboratory, the Sudan and National Health laboratory, Asmara, Eritrea. RESULTS There were 678 cases involved in this study. The mean age was 48.8 years with ±0.53 standard error of the mean. Two-thirds of the case were ≤50 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type was the most dominant histologic type (86%) in both study groups. The majority of cases (70%) had tumour stage pT2 and pT3 and about 50% had lymph node involvement. Less than 5% of the cases had well-differentiated tumours. The ER, PR and HER2 positive rates were 45%, 32%, and 29%, respectively. The proportion of luminal-A like, luminal-B like, HER2 enriched and TNBC were 37%, 13%, 16% and 34%, respectively. Fisher extract analysis showed age (p = .015), tumour size (p = .041), and histologic grade (p = .000) were significantly associated with intrinsic subtypes. Furthermore, Logistic regression analysis stratified by origin, age, tumour size, lymph-node metastasis and grade indicated that younger women age (≤50 years) and grade III tumours were more likely to be diagnosed with ER negative breast cancer. CONCLUSION Most of Sudanese and Eritrean women were diagnosed at younger age and with unfavourable prognostic clinicopathologic prognostic markers. TNBC is more frequent in this cohort study; patients with grade III tumours and young age are more likely to be hormone receptors negative. Therefore, routine determination of hormone receptors is warranted for appropriate targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Gezira Sudan
- Orotta School of Medicine and Dentistry, Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | | | - Shahinaz Bedri
- Weill Cornell of Medicine- Qatar, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatcs, Martin-Luther University, (Saale) Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed A. Mohamedani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Gezira Sudan
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18
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Hussain AR, Siraj AK, Ahmed M, Bu R, Pratheeshkumar P, Alrashed AM, Qadri Z, Ajarim D, Al-Dayel F, Beg S, Al-Kuraya KS. XIAP over-expression is an independent poor prognostic marker in Middle Eastern breast cancer and can be targeted to induce efficient apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:640. [PMID: 28893228 PMCID: PMC5594504 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females and is ranked second in cancer-related deaths all over the world in women. Despite improvement in diagnosis, the survival rate of this disease has still not improved. X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) has been shown to be over-expressed in various cancers leading to poor overall survival. However, the role of XIAP in breast cancer from Middle Eastern region has not been fully explored. Methods We examined the expression of XIAP in more than 1000 Middle Eastern breast cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Protein expression was determined by western blotting. Finally, in vivo studies were performed on nude mice following xenografting and treatment with inhibitors. Results XIAP was found to be over-expressed in 29.5% of cases and directly associated with clinical parameters such as tumor size, extra nodal extension, triple negative breast cancer and poorly differentiated breast cancer subtype. In addition, XIAP over-expression was also significantly associated with PI3-kinase pathway protein; p-AKT, proliferative marker; Ki-67 and anti-apoptotic marker; PARP. XIAP over-expression in our cohort of breast cancer was an independent poor prognostic marker in multivariate analysis. Next, we investigated inhibition of XIAP using a specific inhibitor; embelin and found that embelin treatment led to inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Finally, breast cancer cells treated with combination of embelin and PI3-kinase inhibitor; LY294002 synergistically induced apoptosis and caused tumor growth regression in vivo. Conclusion These data suggest that XIAP may be playing an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and can be therapeutically targeted either alone or in combination with PI3-kinase inhibition to induce efficient apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3627-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar R Hussain
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Laghzaoui O. [Medical history of a breast cancer: about a case!!! How to react]. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:56. [PMID: 27642397 PMCID: PMC5012778 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.56.8721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer is a rare entity in developed countries while we continue to treat patients with advanced stage tumor in African countries. Our study reports the case of an intellectual patient referring the presence of a right breast nodule found during self-examination treated at the military hospital of Meknes, Morocco; she was examined only six months after discovery, in a historical state of locally advanced breast cancer. Our study aims to detect the contemporary anomalies leading to a delayed diagnosis of the breast cancer and to propose solutions to increase awareness among population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Laghzaoui
- Laghzaoui, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique de l'Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Fès, Maroc
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20
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Christgen M, Steinemann D, Kühnle E, Länger F, Gluz O, Harbeck N, Kreipe H. Lobular breast cancer: Clinical, molecular and morphological characteristics. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:583-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Siraj AK, Masoodi T, Bu R, Beg S, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Dawish M, Alkuraya FS, Al-Kuraya KS. Genomic Profiling of Thyroid Cancer Reveals a Role for Thyroglobulin in Metastasis. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1170-1180. [PMID: 27236916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a wide geographic variation in incidence; it is most common in Saudi Arabia, where it is only second to breast cancer as the most common cancer among females. Genomic profiling of PTC from Saudi Arabia has not been attempted previously. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 101 PTC samples and the corresponding genomic DNA to identify genes with recurrent somatic mutations, then sequenced these genes by using a next-generation gene-panel approach in an additional 785 samples. In addition to BRAF, N-RAS, and H-RAS, which have previously been shown to be recurrently mutated in PTC, our analysis highlights additional genes, including thyroglobulin (TG), which harbored somatic mutations in 3% of the entire cohort. Surprisingly, although TG mutations were not exclusive to mutations in the RAS-MAP kinase pathway, their presence was associated with a significantly worse clinical outcome, which suggests a pathogenic role beyond driving initial oncogenesis. Analysis of metastatic PTC tissue revealed significant enrichment for TG mutations (p < 0.001), including events of apparent clonal expansion. Our results suggest a previously unknown role of TG somatic mutations in the pathogenesis of PTC and its malignant evolution.
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22
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Bu R, Siraj AK, Al-Obaisi KAS, Beg S, Al Hazmi M, Ajarim D, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Identification of novel BRCA founder mutations in Middle Eastern breast cancer patients using capture and Sanger sequencing analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1091-7. [PMID: 27082205 PMCID: PMC5111783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic differences of breast cancer genomics have prompted us to investigate the spectra of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in different populations. The prevalence and effect of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations in Middle Eastern population is not fully explored. To characterize the prevalence of BRCA mutations in Middle Eastern breast cancer patients, BRCA mutation screening was performed in 818 unselected breast cancer patients using Capture and/or Sanger sequencing. 19 short tandem repeat (STR) markers were used for founder mutation analysis. In our study, nine different types of deleterious mutation were identified in 28 (3.4%) cases, 25 (89.3%) cases in BRCA 1 and 3 (10.7%) cases in BRCA 2. Seven recurrent mutations identified accounted for 92.9% (26/28) of all the mutant cases. Haplotype analysis was performed to confirm c.1140 dupG and c.4136_4137delCT mutations as novel putative founder mutation, accounting for 46.4% (13/28) of all BRCA mutant cases and 1.6% (13/818) of all the breast cancer cases, respectively. Moreover, BRCA 1 mutation was significantly associated with BRCA 1 protein expression loss (p = 0.0005). Our finding revealed that a substantial number of BRCA mutations were identified in clinically high risk breast cancer from Middle East region. Identification of the mutation spectrum, prevalence and founder effect in Middle Eastern population facilitates genetic counseling, risk assessment and development of cost‐effective screening strategy. What's new? Genetic testing for BRCA mutations reveals the ethnic diversity of prevalence and spectrum of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer. Compared with other populations, however, little is known about ethnic differences in breast cancer genomics in populations in the Middle East region. Here, BRCA mutation screening was carried out in 818 Middle Eastern breast cancer patients. The authors identify two putative founder mutations—together accounting for more than 46% of BRCA cases—and a particular spectrum of deleterious BRCA mutations, which may be unique to the population. The findings could impact genetic counseling in Middle Eastern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A S Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Al Hazmi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Siraj AK, Beg S, Al-Kuraya KS. Reply to specific gene patterns and molecular pathways related to human carcinogenesis in different populations among various geographic locations. Cancer 2016; 122:1135-7. [PMID: 26849248 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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von Loga K, Kohlhaussen J, Burkhardt L, Simon R, Steurer S, Burdak-Rothkamm S, Jacobsen F, Sauter G, Krech T. FGFR1 Amplification Is Often Homogeneous and Strongly Linked to the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subtype in Esophageal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141867. [PMID: 26555375 PMCID: PMC4640518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is believed to predict response to multi-kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR1. Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease, for which novel targeted therapies are highly warranted. Methods This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of FGFR1 amplification in a tissue microarray containing 346 adenocarcinomas and 254 squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, using dual-labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results FGFR1 amplification, defined as a ratio of FGFR1:centromere 8 copy numbers ≥ 2.0, was more frequently seen in squamous cell carcinoma (8.9% of 202 interpretable cases) than in adenocarcinoma (1.6% of 308; p<0.0001). There was no association between FGFR1 amplification and tumor phenotype or clinical outcome. To study potential heterogeneity of FGFR1 amplification, all available tumor blocks from 23 FGFR1 amplified tumors were analyzed on conventional large sections. This analysis revealed complete homogeneity of FGFR1 amplification in 20 (86.9%) primary tumors and in all available lymph node metastases. Remarkably, FGFR1 amplification was also seen in dysplasia adjacent to tumor in 6 of 9 patients with FGFR1 amplified primary cancers. Conclusions In conclusion, FGFR1 amplification occurs in a relevant subgroup of carcinomas of the esophagus and may play a particular role for development of squamous cell cancers. The high homogeneity of FGFR1 amplification suggests that patients with FGFR1 amplified esophageal cancers may particularly benefit from anti-FGFR1 therapies and prompt for clinical studies in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina von Loga
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jule Kohlhaussen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Siraj AK, Beg S, Jehan Z, Prabhakaran S, Ahmed M, R Hussain A, Al-Dayel F, Tulbah A, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. ALK alteration is a frequent event in aggressive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:127. [PMID: 26384210 PMCID: PMC4588266 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide and, despite improvements in treatment modalities, there are increased chances of recurrence and metastasis in a substantial number of cases and it remains one of the major causes of mortality among female cancer patients. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene has been found to be altered in several solid and hematologic tumors. We aimed to comprehensively study the prevalence of ALK expression, and changes in copy number and translocation in a large cohort of breast cancer cases in a Middle Eastern population. METHODS ALK protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and numerical and structural variations of the ALK gene were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a tissue microarray format in a cohort of more than 1000 Middle Eastern breast cancers. The data were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and other important molecular biomarkers. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed ALK overexpression in 36.0 % of the breast cancer patients and gene amplification was present in 13.3 % of cases, seen by FISH analyses. ALK overexpression was significantly associated with ALK gene amplification (p = 0.0031). ALK-overexpressing tumors showed significant association with high-grade tumors (p = 0.0039), ductal histologic subtype (p = 0.0076), triple-negative phenotype (p = 0.0034), and high Ki-67 (p = 0.0001) and p-AKT (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical analysis showed ALK is overexpressed in a substantial proportion of breast cancers and possibly plays a significant role in the aggressive behavior of this cancer. Gene amplification is hypothesized to be a possible cause for a significant proportion of this overexpression. Based on these findings, a potential role for an ALK inhibitor, as a therapeutic agent targeting aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaham Beg
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeenath Jehan
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azhar R Hussain
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pathology, Al-Faisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Aloulou S, El Mahfoudi A, El Omrani A, Khouchani M. [Factors related to late diagnosis of breast cancer: experience of CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 21:162. [PMID: 26327999 PMCID: PMC4546774 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.21.162.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Le cancer du sein est le premier cancer féminin en termes d'incidence et de mortalité. Au Maroc, il vient au premier rang des cancers de la femme avant celui du col utérin Il constitue un problème de santé publique. Son pronostic est étroitement lié au stade auquel le diagnostic est posé. Il s'agit d'une pathologie dont les moyens diagnostiques sont de nos jours développés, allant de la détection précoce à la mise en évidence de lésions infra-cliniques, ce qui a nettement amélioré le pronostic dans les pays développés. Ce travail que nous présentons a pour objectif d'identifier dans notre pratique quotidienne, les facteurs qui amènent les patientes à consulter à des stades tardifs. Une étude rétrospective a été menée de janvier 2012 à janvier 2013 portant sur 130 patientes porteuses d'un cancer du sein au sein du service d'onco-radiotherapie CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech. Un questionnaire a été élaboré et dument renseigné en ayant recours aux dossiers des malades. Ainsi 63,07% des patientes consultaient au-delà de six mois avec un délai moyen de consultation de 8,47 mois avec comme motif de consultation des lésions classées T4 dans 27,69%, et des tumeurs d'emblée métastatiques dans 13,84%. Les facteurs retrouvés à l'interrogatoire étaient le manque de moyens financiers 40%, l’éloignement des structures sanitaires dans 23%, les habitudes socioculturelles avec les traitements traditionnels en première intention 20%, et l'insuffisance de prise en charge thérapeutique 7%. Cependant, pris individuellement, aucune concordance significative n’était retrouvée entre ces facteurs et le long délai diagnostique. Dans notre pratique, c'est la conjonction de la triade ignorance, indigence et habitudes socioculturelles qui constituent le facteur essentiel du diagnostic tardif des cancers du sein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Aloulou
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Amal El Mahfoudi
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech, Maroc
| | | | - Mouna Khouchani
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech, Maroc
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27
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Beg S, Siraj AK, Prabhakaran S, Jehan Z, Ajarim D, Al-Dayel F, Tulbah A, Al-Kuraya KS. Loss of PTEN expression is associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in Middle Eastern triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:541-53. [PMID: 25981902 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway which is involved in the pathogenesis of many different tumor types and serves as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, the significance of the role of PTEN in Middle Eastern ethnic breast cancer has not been explored especially with the fact that breast cancer originating from this ethnic population tend to behave more aggressively than breast cancer in the west. In this study, we analyzed PTEN alteration in a tissue microarray format containing more than 1000 primary breast cancers with clinical follow-up data. Tissue Microarray sections were analyzed for protein expression and copy number change using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Loss of PTEN immunostaining was observed in 77 % of the cases. PTEN loss was significantly associated with large tumor size (p = 0.0030), high grade (p = 0.0281), tumor recurrence (p = 0.0333), and triple-negative breast cancers (p = 0.0086). PTEN loss in triple-negative breast cancers was significantly associated with rapid tumor cell proliferation (p = 0.0396) and poor prognosis (p = 0.0408). PTEN deletion was found only in 60 cases (6.4 %). Loss of PTEN protein expression occurs at high frequency in Middle Eastern breast cancer. PTEN inactivation may potentially lead to an aggressive behavior of tumor cells through stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, PTEN signaling pathway might be used as potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancers since loss of its expression is shown to be significantly associated with this aggressive subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia,
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Chahine G, El Rassy E, Khazzaka A, Saleh K, Rassy N, Khalife N, Atallah D. Characteristics of incident female breast cancer in Lebanon, 1990-2013: Descriptive study of 612 cases from a hospital tumor registry. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:303-6. [PMID: 25828075 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that breast cancer is a major health issue, very few studies describe its characteristics in the Arab world or the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon. We report in this article a retrospective pilot study of the characteristics of breast cancer in Lebanon. The pathological characteristics of 624 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2013 randomly chosen from the archives of an oncology clinic affiliated to Hotel Dieu de France Hospital are analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis is 54.6±13.4 years with 43% diagnosed before the age of 50 years. The infiltrative ductal carcinoma represents the major pathological subtype. One third of the tumors had a size of more than 2 cm at diagnosis. Estrogen-receptors are positive in more than 50% of our patients and Her2-neu is overexpresssed in 30%. Luminal A represents 45.5% and the triple negative subgroup constitutes only 8.3%. Breast cancer in Lebanon is evolving to a more indolent disease. Therefore, public awareness and institution of screening programs are required. These programs should be based on national epidemiological data and necessitate the activation of the national cancer registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Chahine
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Elie El Rassy
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Khazzaka
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Khalil Saleh
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Rassy
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nadine Khalife
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - David Atallah
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
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BRCA genetic screening in Middle Eastern and North African: mutational spectrum and founder BRCA1 mutation (c.798_799delTT) in North African. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:194293. [PMID: 25814778 PMCID: PMC4359853 DOI: 10.1155/2015/194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of BRCA1 mutations to both hereditary and sporadic breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has not yet been thoroughly investigated in MENA. METHODS To establish the knowledge about BRCA1 mutations and their correlation with the clinical aspect in diagnosed cases of HBOC in MENA populations. A systematic review of studies examining BRCA1 in BC women in Cyprus, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia was conducted. RESULTS Thirteen relevant references were identified, including ten studies which performed DNA sequencing of all BRCA1 exons. For the latter, 31 mutations were detected in 57 of the 547 patients ascertained. Familial history of BC was present in 388 (71%) patients, of whom 50 were mutation carriers. c.798_799delTT was identified in 11 North African families, accounting for 22% of total identified BRCA1 mutations, suggesting a founder allele. A broad spectrum of other mutations including c.68_69delAG, c.181T>G, c.5095C>T, and c.5266dupC, as well as sequence of unclassified variants and polymorphisms, was also detected. CONCLUSION The knowledge of genetic structure of BRCA1 in MENA should contribute to the assessment of the necessity of preventive programs for mutation carriers and clinical management. The high prevalence of BC and the presence of frequent mutations of the BRCA1 gene emphasize the need for improving screening programs and individual testing/counseling.
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Lazarev I, Flaschner M, Geffen DB, Ariad S. Breast Cancer in Bedouin-Arab Patients in Southern Israel: Epidemiologic and Biologic Features in Comparison with Jewish Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7533-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Preat F, Simon P, Noel JC. Differences in breast carcinoma immunohistochemical subtypes between immigrant Arab and European women. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:26. [PMID: 24495621 PMCID: PMC3915228 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of information on the clinicopathological differences, including the molecular subtypes, of breast carcinomas from immigrant Arab women in Europe. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine and compare these features in immigrant Arab/Moroccan patients with those of European women. Methods Included in this study were 441 cases of breast cancer: 91 Arab/Moroccan women and 350 European women. Age, size, grade, node involvement, and immunohistochemical profile (classification into the following subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 +/ER -, and triple negative) were analyzed. Results The average age of breast cancer presentation in Arab women is almost a decade earlier than in European women (49 versus 60 years old; p = 0.00001). Arab patients also had a higher average tumor size (25 mm versus 19 mm; p =0,008) and more grade 3 and less grade 1 tumors (p = 0.02). It should be noted, however, that this variability in the size and grade do not appear statistically significant when compared in Arab and European patients under 50 years old. In contrast, independent of age, the immunohistochemical subtypes were different between the two populations, with a greater number of luminal B subtype and fewer luminal A subtype (p <0.02) in Arab patients. Conclusions Arab patients with breast carcinoma have different clinicopathological features from European patients, mainly the age of cancer presentation. Their immunohistochemical profile is also different, with more luminal B and less luminal A subtypes, suggesting that there are not only clinicopathological differences but also disparities in the expression profiling in these women. Virtual slide The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2104813621113288.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Noel
- Department of Senology, Erasme University Hospital-ULB, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Chouchane L, Boussen H, Sastry KSR. Breast cancer in Arab populations: molecular characteristics and disease management implications. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e417-24. [PMID: 23993386 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health problem in both developing and developed countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed female malignant disease in Arab populations. The incidence of breast cancer is lower in Arab countries than in Europe and the USA but is rising fast. Breast cancers in women from Arab populations have different characteristics to those reported in individuals from Europe and the USA. For example, affected patients are at least a decade younger, they have a more advanced stage of disease at first presentation, and their tumour size is larger. Moreover, in some Arab populations, reports suggest increased axillary-lymph-node invasion, a larger proportion of negative hormone receptors, and a higher tumour grade. These disparities are not only confined to clinicopathological features but also exist at the molecular level, as shown by findings of genome-wide association studies and expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Chouchane
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Zidan J, Sikorsky N, Basher W, Sharabi A, Friedman E, Steiner M. Differences in pathological and clinical features of breast cancer in Arab as compared to Jewish women in Northern Israel. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:924-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shawarby MA, Al-Tamimi DM, Ahmed A. Very low prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression and gene amplification in Saudi breast cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:57. [PMID: 21702909 PMCID: PMC3141623 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancers which demonstrate EGFR protein expression, gene amplification and/or gene mutations may benefit therapeutically from tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In Western studies, EGFR protein expression has been demonstrated in 7-36% of breast cancer patients, while gene amplification has been found in around 6% of cases and mutations were either absent or extremely rare. Studies addressing EGFR protein expression and gene amplification in Saudi breast cancer patients are extremely scanty and the results reported have been mostly non-conclusive. Herein we report the prevalence of EGFR protein expression and gene amplification in a cohort of Saudi breast cancer patients. FINDINGS We noticed a remarkably low incidence of EGFR protein expression (1.3%) while analyzing the spectrum of molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a Saudi population by immunohistochemistry. Also, EGFR gene amplification could not be demonstrated in any of 231 cases studied using silver enhanced in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS The extremely low incidence of EGFR protein expression and gene amplification in Saudi breast cancer patients as compared to Western populations is most probably ethnically related as supported by our previous finding in the same cohort of a spectrum of molecular breast cancer types that is unique to the Saudi population and in stark contrast with Western and other regionally based studies. Further support to this view is provided by earlier studies from Saudi Arabia that have similarly shown variability in molecular breast cancer subtype distribution between Saudi and Caucasian populations as well as a predominance of the high-grade pathway in breast cancer development in Middle East women. More studies on EGFR in breast cancer are needed from different regions of Saudi Arabia before our assumption can be confirmed, however.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma in Situ/genetics
- Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism
- Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Shawarby
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal M Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Mahfoudh W, Bouaouina N, Ahmed SB, Gabbouj S, Shan J, Mathew R, Uhrhammer N, Bignon YJ, Troudi W, Elgaaied ABA, Hassen E, Chouchane L. Hereditary breast cancer in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations: identification of novel, recurrent and founder BRCA1 mutations in the Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1037-46. [PMID: 21603858 PMCID: PMC3249560 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Germ-line mutations in BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene account for a large proportion of hereditary breast cancer families and show considerable ethnic and geographical variations. The contribution of BRCA1 mutations to hereditary breast cancer has not yet been thoroughly investigated in Middle Eastern and North African populations. In this study, 16 Tunisian high-risk breast cancer families were screened for germline mutations in the entire BRCA1 coding region and exon-intron boundaries using direct sequencing. Six families were found to carry BRCA1 mutations with a prevalence of 37.5%. Four different deleterious mutations were detected. Three truncating mutations were previously described: c.798_799delTT (916 delTT), c.3331_3334delCAAG (3450 delCAAG), c.5266dupC (5382 insC) and one splice site mutation which seems to be specific to the Tunisian population: c.212 + 2insG (IVS5 + 2insG). We also identified 15 variants of unknown clinical significance. The c.798_799delTT mutation occurred at an 18% frequency and was shared by three apparently unrelated families. Analyzing five microsatellite markers in and flanking the BRCA1 locus showed a common haplotype associated with this mutation. This suggests that the c.798_799delTT mutation is a Tunisian founder mutation. Our findings indicate that the Tunisian population has a spectrum of prevalent BRCA1 mutations, some of which appear as recurrent and founding mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijden Mahfoudh
- Department of Molecular Immuno-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Bouaouina
- Department of Molecular Immuno-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Farhat Hached, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Slim Ben Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Farhat Hached, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sallouha Gabbouj
- Department of Molecular Immuno-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jingxuan Shan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wafa Troudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology at the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University El Manar I, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology at the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University El Manar I, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elham Hassen
- Department of Molecular Immuno-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
The quality of a TMA experiment can only be as good as the worst step in the entire process. Making and analyzing of tissue microarrays (TMAs) is a complex process involving tissue sample acquisition and preparation, expert histological diagnosis, long-term collection of clinical data, development of suitable laboratory protocols, the microscopic analysis, and the statistical analysis of the experiment. The quality of all these factors equally influences the outcome of TMA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tennstedt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Stein T, Cosimo E, Yu X, Smith PR, Simon R, Cottrell L, Pringle MA, Bell AK, Lattanzio L, Sauter G, Lo Nigro C, Crook T, Machesky LM, Gusterson BA. Loss of reelin expression in breast cancer is epigenetically controlled and associated with poor prognosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2323-33. [PMID: 20847288 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted, signaling protein associated with neuronal cell positioning and migration. Recently, reelin was found to be epigenetically silenced in gastric and pancreatic cancers in which down-regulation was associated with increased migratory ability and reduced survival. Here we analyzed reelin expression by immunohistochemistry in 17 normal breast tissue samples from reduction mammoplasties and in two independent tissue microarrays of 136 and more than 2000 breast cancer biopsy samples, respectively. Results were analyzed with regard to clinical parameters, including BRE (Bloom, Richardson, Elston) grade, nodal status, estrogen receptor and HER2 status, and overall survival. Reelin was expressed in the luminal epithelium and myoepithelium of the normal human breast but not in cancerous breasts. Loss of reelin protein expression correlated significantly with decreased survival (P=0.01) and positive lymph node status (P<0.001). By measuring reelin expression and promoter methylation status in 39 primary breast tumors, as well as in breast cancer-derived cell lines before and after decitabine treatment, we established that reelin expression levels correlated inversely with promoter methylation status, whereas demethylation increased reelin mRNA expression in vitro. Reelin overexpression in MDA-MB231 cells, as well as incubation with recombinant reelin, suppressed cell migration, invadopodia formation, and invasiveness in vitro. We conclude that reelin may play an important role in controlling invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells and that its expression is controlled by promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Stein
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6NT, UK.
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Köllermann J, Albrecht H, Schlomm T, Huland H, Graefen M, Bokemeyer C, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W. Activating BRAF gene mutations are uncommon in hormone refractory prostate cancer in Caucasian patients. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:729-732. [PMID: 22966370 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the cytosolic serine/threonine kinase, BRAF, have been reported in a variety of neoplasms. BRAF activation may contribute to tumor growth via activation of the MAP/ERK kinase pathway, and BRAF represents a possible therapeutic target. Activating BRAF mutations were recently reported in approximately 10% of prostate cancer cases in Asian patients. In the present study, 43 hormone refractory prostate cancers were analyzed for BRAF mutations in order to determine whether anti-BRAF therapy is a suitable approach for advanced prostate cancer patients. In all of the studied tumors, BRAF exons 11 and 15 were PCR-amplified and sequenced, including the backward and forward sequences. BRAF mutations were noted only in the positive control tissues, but were not found in any of the 43 analyzed prostate cancers. We conclude that BRAF mutations occur only rarely in prostate cancers in Caucasian patients and are not associated with tumor progression. The application of anti-BRAF therapies may therefore not be beneficial for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köllermann
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Eltville, Eltville/Rhein
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40
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Al Tamimi DM, Shawarby MA, Ahmed A, Hassan AK, AlOdaini AA. Protein expression profile and prevalence pattern of the molecular classes of breast cancer--a Saudi population based study. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:223. [PMID: 20492711 PMCID: PMC2880995 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is not a single entity but a diverse group of entities. Advances in gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry as its surrogate marker have led to the unmasking of new breast cancer molecular subtypes, resulting in the emergence of more elaborate classification systems that are therapeutically and prognostically more predictive. Molecular class distribution across various ethnic groups may also reveal variations that can lead to different clinical outcomes in different populations. METHODS We aimed to analyze the spectrum of molecular subtypes present in the Saudi population. ER, PR, HER2, EGFR and CK5/6 were used as surrogate markers for gene expression profiling to classify 231 breast cancer specimens. Correlation of each molecular class with Ki-67 proliferation index, p53 mutation status, histologic type and grade of the tumor was also carried out. RESULTS Out of 231 cases 9 (3.9%) were classified as luminal A (strong ER +ve, PR +ve or -ve), 37 (16%) as luminal B (weak to moderate ER +ve, and/or PR +ve), 40 (17.3%) as HER2+ (strong or moderately positive HER 2 with confirmation by silver enhanced in-situ hybridization) and 23 (10%) as basal (CK5/6 or EGFR +ve). Co-positivity of different markers in varied patterns was seen in 23 (10%) of cases which were grouped into a hybrid category comprising luminal B-HER2, HER2-basal and luminal-basal hybrids. Ninety nine (42.8%) of the tumors were negative for all five immunohistochemical markers and were labelled as unclassified (penta negative). A high Ki-67 proliferation index was seen in basal (p=0.007) followed by HER2+ class. Overexpression of p53 was predominantly seen in HER2+(p=0.001) followed by the basal group of tumors. A strong correlation was noted between invasive lobular carcinoma and hormone receptor expression with 8 out of 9 lobular carcinoma cases (88.9%) classifiable as luminal cancers. Otherwise, there was no association between the molecular class and the histologic type or grade of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Subtyping by use of this immunohistochemical panel revealed a prevalence pattern that is unique to our population; luminal tumors comprised only 19.9%, and the unclassified group (penta negative) 42.8%, a distribution which is distinctive to our population and in contrast with all Western studies. The presence of a predominant unclassified group also suggests that the currently used molecular analytic spectrum may not completely encompass all molecular classes and there is a need to further refine and develop the existing classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal M Al Tamimi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shawarby
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar K Hassan
- Department of Biostatistics & Genetic Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A AlOdaini
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Tamimi DM, Bernard PS, Shawarby MA, Al-Amri AM, Hadi MA. Distribution of Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes in Middle Eastern-Saudi Arabian Women: A Pilot Study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01913120903183135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women of industrialized nations. Breast cancer progression is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive normal breast cells into highly malignant derivatives with metastatic potential. MYC is a proto-oncogene whose protein product contains a basic helix-loop-helix domain. MYC functions as a transcription factor regulating up to 15% of all human genes. MYC is regulated at multiple levels, and the protein is a downstream effector of several signaling pathways. In breast cancer cells, MYC target genes are involved in cell growth, transformation, angiogenesis and cell-cycle control. BRCA1 is linked to transcriptional regulation through interaction with MYC. Although the relationship between amplification and overexpression is not clearly delineated, MYC amplification is significantly correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes. MYC amplification is emerging as an important predictor of response to HER2-targeted therapies and its role in BRCA1-associated breast cancer makes it an important target in basal-like/triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Chen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Ayad E, Francis I, Peston D, Shousha S. Triple negative, basal cell type and EGFR positive invasive breast carcinoma in Kuwaiti and British patients. Breast J 2008; 15:109-11. [PMID: 19077133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Uhrhammer N, Abdelouahab A, Lafarge L, Feillel V, Ben Dib A, Bignon YJ. BRCA1 mutations in Algerian breast cancer patients: high frequency in young, sporadic cases. Int J Med Sci 2008; 5:197-202. [PMID: 18645608 PMCID: PMC2452980 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer rates and median age of onset differ between Western Europe and North Africa. In Western populations, 5 to 10 % of breast cancer cases can be attributed to major genetic factors such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, while this attribution is not yet well defined among Africans. To help determine the contribution of BRCA1 mutations to breast cancer in a North African population, we analysed genomic DNA from breast cancer cases ascertained in Algiers. Both familial cases (at least three breast cancers in the same familial branch, or two with one bilateral or diagnosed before age 40) and sporadic cases less than 38 years of age were studied. Complete sequencing plus quantitative analysis of the BRCA1 gene was performed. 9.8 % (5/51) of early-onset sporadic and 36.4 % (4/11) of familial cases were found to be associated with BRCA1 mutations. This is in contrast 10.3 % of French HBOC families exhibiting a BRCA1 mutation. One mutation, c.798_799delTT, was observed in two Algerian families and in two families from Tunisia, suggesting a North African founder allele. Algerian non-BRCA1 tumors were of significantly higher grade than French non-BRCA tumors, and the age at diagnosis for Algerian familial cases was much younger than that for French non-BRCA familial cases. In conclusion, we observed a much higher frequency of BRCA1 mutations among young breast cancer patients than observed in Europe, suggesting biological differences and that the inclusion criterea for analysis in Western Europe may not be applicable for the Northern African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Uhrhammer
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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45
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Al Bozom IA. The Spectrum of Breast Diseases in Qatar: A pathological study of 1336 cases over 10 years. Qatar Med J 2008. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2008.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and pattern of breast diseases are well studied in the West and to a lesser extent in neighboring Arab countries but rarely in the State of Qatar. In an attempt to delineate the spectrum of breast diseases of women living in Qatar, records were reviewed and analyzed of breast lesions from 1336 women received by the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Hospital, from 1992 until May 2002. This enabled comparisons with data from other countries in the region and with western countries. Fibroadenoma was the most common lesion encountered (34%), followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma (22.7%), Fibrocystic changes (15.2%), and Mastitis and Abscess (8.8%). The mean age for infiltrating ductal carcinoma was 45.4 years compared to 54 years in Western countries. Statistical results were similar to neighboring Arab countries but different from Western countries (i.e. early presentation of carcinoma, and more cases attributed to lactation and pregnancy probably related to the high fertility amongst women in Qatar). The spectrum of breast diseases in Qatar shows little difference compared to neighboring Arab countries but differs from western countries in that, although breast carcinoma is the most common carcinoma affecting women residing in Qatar, its incidence is far less than in the west and it is most prevalent in a younger age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Al Bozom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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46
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Awadelkarim KD, Arizzi C, Elamin EOM, Hamad HMA, De Blasio P, Mekki SO, Osman I, Biunno I, Elwali NE, Mariani-Costantini R, Barberis MC. Pathological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of breast cancer in Central Sudan versus Northern Italy: implications for breast cancer in Africa. Histopathology 2008; 52:445-56. [PMID: 18315597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In patients of Black African ethnicity, breast cancer is reportedly characterized by aggressive, poorly differentiated phenotype(s). To highlight possible differences between breast cancer in indigenous sub-Saharan African and European patients, two breast cancer case series, from Central Sudan (Khartoum) and Northern Italy (Milan), were compared for clinicopathological characteristics, expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2/neu, basal cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and CK17, and breast cancer subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS After careful antigen retrieval, 114 and 138 consecutive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer cases from the Radiation and Isotope Centre (Khartoum) and from MultiMedica (Milan), respectively, were screened by immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, Her-2/neu, CK5/6 and CK17. Compared with the Italian patients, the Sudanese patients were younger (P < 0.0001) and their tumours were larger (P < 0.0001), more advanced in stage (P < 0.00001), higher grade (P < 0.00001) and more frequently positive for nodal metastases (P < 0.00001). ER expression varied between the two series (P < 0.0008), but no significant differences were found for PR (P < 0.32), combined hormone receptors (P < 0.12), Her-2/neu (P < 0.09), CK5/6 (P < 0.1), CK17 (P = 0.4), combined basal CK status (P = 1) or breast cancer subtypes (P = 0.12). CONCLUSION The differences between the Sudanese and Italian breast cancer series reflect stage at diagnosis rather than intrinsic biological characteristics. This may have relevant implications for breast cancer prevention and treatment in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Awadelkarim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Biology & Oncology (INMO), University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
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47
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Bavi P, Jehan Z, Atizado V, Al-Dossari H, Al-Dayel F, Tulbah A, Amr SS, Sheikh SS, Ezzat A, El-Solh H, Uddin S, Al-Kuraya K. Prevalence of Fragile Histidine Triad Expression in Tumors from Saudi Arabia: A Tissue Microarray Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1708-18. [PMID: 16985034 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene was discovered and proposed as a tumor suppressor gene for most human cancers. It encodes the most active common human chromosomal fragile region, FRA3B. We studied the prevalence of loss of FHIT expression in various tumors and correlated its loss with various clinicopathologic features. METHODS To determine whether the absence of FHIT expression correlates with clinical variables such as grade, stage, and survival time, we assessed FHIT expression using immunohistochemistry. More than 1,800 tumors from more than 75 tumor categories were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. RESULTS Loss of FHIT expression ranged from 19% in ovarian tumors to 67% in lung cancers. Clinical and pathologic features like grade, stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis showed correlation with loss of FHIT expression in some tumors. No difference was seen in the survival patterns and loss of FHIT expression in any of the tumor groups studied. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FHIT expression is an ubiquitous event in the multistep, multifactorial carcinogenesis process. FHIT may be altered at different stages in different types of cancers. Most of the tumors with a wider prevalence of loss of FHIT expression as an early event show a correlation with clinicopathologic features. However, in some of the tumors, FHIT expression is lost as a late event and is only seen in a fraction of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bavi
- Research Centre at KFNCCC&R, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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48
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Ghebeh H, Mohammed S, Al-Omair A, Qattan A, Lehe C, Al-Qudaihi G, Elkum N, Alshabanah M, Amer SB, Tulbah A, Ajarim D, Al-Tweigeri T, Dermime S. The B7-H1 (PD-L1) T lymphocyte-inhibitory molecule is expressed in breast cancer patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma: correlation with important high-risk prognostic factors. Neoplasia 2006; 8:190-8. [PMID: 16611412 PMCID: PMC1578520 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H1 molecule increases the apoptosis of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes and reduces their immunogenicity. Breast cancer is the second most common cause of mortality after lung cancer. Direct evidence linking B7-H1 with cancer has been shown in several malignancies; however, its expression in breast cancer has not been investigated. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of the B7-H1 molecule in 44 breast cancer specimens and to study its correlation with patients' clinicopathological parameters. The expression of B7-H1 was shown in 22 of 44 patients and was not restricted to the tumor epithelium (15 of 44, 34% in tumor cells), but was also expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; 18 of 44, 41%). Interestingly, intratumor expression of B7-H1 was significantly associated with histologic grade III-negative (P = .012), estrogen receptor-negative (P = .036), and progesterone receptor-negative (P = .040) patients. In addition, the expression of B7-H1 in TIL was associated with large tumor size (P = .042), histologic grade III (P = .015), positivity of Her2/neu status (P = .019), and severe tumor lymphocyte infiltration (P = .001). Taken together, these data suggest that B7-H1 may be an important risk factor in breast cancer patients and may represent a potential immunotherapeutic target using monoclonal antibody against the B7-H1 molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- B7-H1 Antigen
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor/pathology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Estrogens
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/immunology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/surgery
- Progesterone
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Risk Factors
- Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ghebeh
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamayel Mohammed
- Department of Pathology; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Omair
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Qattan
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cynthia Lehe
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Elkum
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alshabanah
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad Bin Amer
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Dermime
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Biological and Medical Research; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Kuraya K, Novotny H, Bavi P, Siraj AK, Uddin S, Ezzat A, Sanea NA, Al-Dayel F, Al-Mana H, Sheikh SS, Mirlacher M, Tapia C, Simon R, Sauter G, Terracciano L, Tornillo L. HER2, TOP2A, CCND1, EGFR and C-MYC oncogene amplification in colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:768-72. [PMID: 16882699 PMCID: PMC1995777 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.038281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies had suggested substantial molecular differences between tumours from different ethnic groups. In this study, the molecular differences between the incidences of colorectal carcinoma in Saudi and Swiss populations are investigated. METHOD 518 cases of colon cancer tumours (114 from Saudi Arabia and 404 from Switzerland) were analysed in a tissue microarray format. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to estimate frequencies of copy number changes of known oncogenes, including HER2, TOPO2A, CCND1, EGFR and C-MYC. RESULTS Using FISH, amplifications were mostly low level (gene-to-centromere ratio 2 to 4), which is in contrast with other tumour types with more frequent gene amplifications. The amplifications were particularly frequent for MYC (Saudi 9% and Swiss 14.2%) but unrelated to clinical outcome and pathological information. Remarkably, there were four tumours exhibiting classic high-level gene amplification for HER2 (Swiss 1.3%), a pattern often accompanied by response to trastuzumab (Herceptin) in breast cancer. Occasional high-level amplifications were also observed for CCND1 (Saudi 1/106, 0.9%; Swiss 2/373, 0.5%) and EGFR (Swiss 2/355; 0.6%). CONCLUSIONS Rare high-level amplifications of therapeutic target genes were found in patients with colon cancer. Although no molecular differences were found between incidences of colon cancer cases in Swiss and Saudi populations, these observations emphasise the urgent need for clinical studies investigating the effect of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Al-Kuraya
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Al-Kuraya K, Narayanappa R, Siraj AK, Al-Dayel F, Ezzat A, El Solh H, Al-Jommah N, Sauter G, Simon R. High frequency and strong prognostic relevance of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase silencing in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas from the Middle East. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:742-8. [PMID: 16733216 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several clinically relevant molecular classifiers of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have recently been demonstrated in Western populations. However, substantial molecular differences have recently been shown between tumors derived from different ethnic groups. To investigate prevalence and interrelationship of recently suggested molecular prognostic markers in Middle East DLBCL, we analyzed coexpression of CD10/Bcl6 (by immunohistochemistry), t(14;18) translocations (by fluorescence in situ hybridization), and methylation of the gene encoding the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in a series of 190 DLBCL patients from Saudi Arabia with clinical follow-up data. Coexpression of CD10/Bcl6 (germinal center-like immunophenotype) was found in 13%, t(14;18) translocations in 17.9%, and MGMT methylation in 75.9% of cases. There was a trend toward better prognosis (although statistically insignificant) in tumors with coexpression of CD10/Bcl6. MGMT methylation were significantly related to good prognosis. The combined analysis of both parameters revealed that MGMT methylation was independent of immunophenotype and remained a significant predictor of prognosis in nongerminal center-like DLBCL subgroup. t(14;18) was significantly associated with CD10/Bcl6 coexpression (46.7%) but infrequent in CD10-/Bcl6-negative lymphomas (9.4%; P = .0073). However, t(14;18) was unrelated to clinical outcome. In summary, our data suggest a strong prognostic importance of MGMT methylation independent of DLBCL immunophenotype. Based on previous data from Western patients, the rate of MGMT hypermethylation was higher, and the portion of germinal center-like DLBCL was lower than expected. These results provide evidence for molecular differences between Saudi Arabian and Western DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- DNA Methylation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Neprilysin/analysis
- O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase/genetics
- O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Saudi Arabia
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Al-Kuraya
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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