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Feng T, Jie M, Deng K, Yang J, Jiang H. Targeted plasma proteomic analysis uncovers a high-performance biomarker panel for early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119675. [PMID: 38631604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and low early diagnosis rate. Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in radically treating GC. The aim of this study was to identify plasma biomarkers for GC and early GC diagnosis. METHODS We quantified 369 protein levels with plasma samples from discovery cohort (n = 88) and validation cohort (n = 50) via high-throughput proximity extension assay (PEA) utilizing the Olink-Explore-384-Cardiometabolic panel. The multi-protein signatures were derived from LASSO and Ridge regression models. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, 13 proteins (GDF15, ITIH3, BOC, DPP7, EGFR, AMY2A, CCDC80, CD163, GPNMB, LTBP2, CTSZ, CCL18 and NECTIN2) were identified to distinguish GC (Stage I-IV) and early GC (HGIN-I) groups from control group with AUC of 0.994 and AUC of 0.998, severally. The validation cohort yielded AUC of 0.930 and AUC of 0.818 for GC and early GC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a multi-protein signature with the potential to benefit clinical GC diagnosis, especially for Asian and early GC patients, which may contribute to the development of a less-invasive, convenient, and efficient early screening tool, promoting early diagnosis and treatment of GC and ultimately improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minwen Jie
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ullah A, Zhao J, Li J, Singla RK, Shen B. Involvement of CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL17) in gastric cancer: Prognosis and therapeutic molecules. Life Sci 2024; 336:122277. [PMID: 37995936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth-most prevalent and second-most deadly cancer worldwide. Due to the late onset of symptoms, GC is frequently treated at a mature stage. In order to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making processes, it is necessary to establish more specific and sensitive indicators valuable in the early detection of the disease whenever a cancer is asymptomatic. In this work, we gathered information about CXC chemokines and GC by using scientific search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and Web of Science. Researchers believe that GC chemokines, small proteins, class CXC chemokines, and chemokine receptors promote GC inflammation, initiation, and progression by facilitating angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival, metastatic spread, host response safeguards, and inter-cell interaction. With our absolute best professionalism, the role of CXC chemokines and their respective receptors in GC diagnosis and prognosis has not been fully explained. This review article updates the general characteristics of CXC chemokines, their unique receptors, their function in the pathological process of GC, and their potential application as possible indicators for GC. Although there have only recently been a few studies focusing on the therapeutic efficacy of CXC chemokine inhibitors in GC, growing experimental evidence points to the inhibition of CXC chemokines as a promising targeted therapy. Therefore, further translational studies are warranted to determine whether specific antagonists or antibodies designed to target CXC chemokines alone or in combination with chemotherapy are useful for diagnosing advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Investigating the Active Substance and Mechanism of San-Jiu-Wei-Tai Granules via UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1487903. [PMID: 36299773 PMCID: PMC9592199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1487903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
San-Jiu-Wei-Tai granules (SJWTG) are a significant Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), having outstanding advantages in long-term treatment; however, the chemical composition and potential mechanism have not been investigated until now. In this study, a rapid separation and identification method based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was established, and 95 chemical components from SJWTGs were identified, including 6 chemical components of an unknown source that are not derived from the 8 herbs included in SJWTGs. The identified chemical components were subsequently analysed by network pharmacology, suggesting that the core targets for the treatment of CG with SJWTGs were EGFR, SRC, AKT1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 and thus indicating that SJWTGs could reduce the inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells and prevent persistent chronic inflammation that induces cancerization by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway and the C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway as well as their upstream and downstream pathways in the treatment of CG. The key bioactive components in SJWTGs were identified as 2,6-bis(4-ethylphenyl)perhydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxanaphth-4-ylethane-1,2-diol, a chemical component of an unknown source, murrangatin, meranzin hydrate, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin. The results of molecular docking showed the strong binding interaction between the key bioactive components and the core targets, demonstrating that the key bioactive components deserve to be further studied and considered as Q-markers. By acting on multiple targets, SJWTG is less susceptible to drug resistance during the long-term treatment of CG, indicating the advantage of Chinese patent medicines. Furthermore, the preventive effect of SJWTGs on gastric cancer also demonstrates the superiority of preventive treatment of disease with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Wang B, Wang M, Ao D, Wei X. CXCL13-CXCR5 axis: Regulation in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188799. [PMID: 36103908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), originally identified as a B-cell chemokine, plays an important role in the immune system. The interaction between CXCL13 and its receptor, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR5, builds a signaling network that regulates not only normal organisms but also the development of many diseases. However, the precise action mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we discussed the functional mechanisms of the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis under normal conditions, with special focus on its association with diseases. For certain refractory diseases, we emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic role of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhan Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danyi Ao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Shen Q, Wang J, Zhao L. To investigate the internal association between SARS-CoV-2 infections and cancer through bioinformatics. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:11172-11194. [PMID: 36124586 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, is currently prevalent worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health. Individuals with cancer may have an elevated risk for SARS-CoV-2 infections and adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the internal relationship between these two diseases. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed to detect mutual pathways and molecular biomarkers in three types of common cancers of the breast, liver, colon, and COVID-19. Such analyses could offer a valuable understanding of the association between COVID-19 and cancer patients. In an analysis of RNA sequencing datasets for three types of cancers and COVID-19, we identified a sum of 38 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A variety of combinational statistical approaches and bioinformatics techniques were utilized to generate the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, hub genes and critical modules were found using this network. In addition, a functional analysis was conducted using ontologies keywords, and pathway analysis was also performed. Some common associations between cancer and the risk and prognosis of COVID-19 were discovered. The datasets also revealed transcriptional factors-gene interplay, protein-drug interaction, and a DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory network with common DEGs. The potential medications discovered in this investigation could be useful in treating cancer and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 322100, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 322100, China
| | - Liangying Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 322100, China
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7
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Davidsson S, Carlsson J, Greenberg L, Wijkander J, Söderquist B, Erlandsson A. Cutibacterium acnes Induces the Expression of Immunosuppressive Genes in Macrophages and is Associated with an Increase of Regulatory T-Cells in Prostate Cancer. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0149721. [PMID: 34937192 PMCID: PMC8694172 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01497-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors and infectious agents both benefit from an immunosuppressive environment. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a bacterium in the normal skin microbiota, which has the ability to survive intracellularly in macrophages and is significantly more common in prostate cancer tissue compared with normal prostate tissue. This study investigated if prostate cancer tissue culture positive for C. acnes has a higher infiltration of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and if macrophages stimulated with C. acnes induced the expression of immunosuppressive genes that could be linked to an increase of Tregs in prostate cancer. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISA) were used to examine the expression of immunosuppressive genes in human macrophages stimulated in vitro with C. acnes, and associations between the presence of C. acnes and infiltration of Tregs were investigated by statistically analyzing data generated in two previous studies. The in vitro results demonstrated that macrophages stimulated with C. acnes significantly increased their expression of PD-L1, CCL17, and CCL18 mRNA and protein (p <0.05). In the cohort, Tregs in tumor stroma and tumor epithelia were positively associated with the presence of C. acnes (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.046, respectively). Since the macrophages stimulated with C. acnes in vitro increased the expression of immunosuppressive genes, and prostate cancer patients with prostatic C. acnes infection had higher infiltration of Tregs than their noninfected counterparts, we suggest that C. acnes may contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor environment that is vital for prostate cancer progression. IMPORTANCE In an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment constituted by immunosuppressive cells and immunosuppressive mediators, tumors may improve their ability to give rise to a clinically relevant cancer. In the present study, we found that C. acnes might contribute to an immunosuppressive environment by recruiting Tregs and by increasing the expression of immunosuppressive mediators such as PD-L1, CCL17, and CCL18. We believe that our data add support to the hypothesis of a contributing role of C. acnes in prostate cancer development. If established that C. acnes stimulates prostate cancer progression it may open up avenues for targeted prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Davidsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Larry Greenberg
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Jonny Wijkander
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ann Erlandsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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8
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CXCL13 in Cancer and Other Diseases: Biological Functions, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121282. [PMID: 34947813 PMCID: PMC8708574 DOI: 10.3390/life11121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multistep and complex process involving interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). C-X-C chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, CXCR5, make crucial contributions to this process by triggering intracellular signaling cascades in malignant cells and modulating the sophisticated TME in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis has a dominant role in B cell recruitment and tertiary lymphoid structure formation, which activate immune responses against some tumors. In most cancer types, the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis mediates pro-neoplastic immune reactions by recruiting suppressive immune cells into tumor tissues. Tobacco smoke and haze (smohaze) and the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene induce the secretion of CXCL13 by lung epithelial cells, which contributes to environmental lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the knockout of CXCL13 inhibits benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer in mice. Thus, a better understanding of the context-dependent functions of the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in tumor tissue and the TME is required to design an efficient immune-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular events and TME alterations caused by CXCL13/CXCR5 and briefly discuss the potentials of agents targeting this axis in different malignant tumors.
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9
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IDO1 scavenges reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells to prevent graft-versus-host disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011170118. [PMID: 33649207 PMCID: PMC7958359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that the tryptophan-degrading reaction catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells. The IDO1-mediated ROS scavenging promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell characteristics in Gr-1+CD11b+ cells, suppressing their differentiation into proinflammatory neutrophils. These results could explain the increased lethality in graft-versus-host disease as well as the enhanced proinflammatory and reduced regulatory T cell responses after transplantation of IDO1-deficient bone marrow cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the immune-modulatory roles of IDO1. Tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) also has an immunological function to suppress T cell activation in inflammatory circumstances, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a fatal complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Although the mononuclear cell expression of IDO1 has been associated with improved outcomes in GVHD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we used IDO-deficient (Ido1−/−) BMT to understand why myeloid IDO limits the severity of GVHD. Hosts with Ido1−/− BM exhibited increased lethality, with enhanced proinflammatory and reduced regulatory T cell responses compared with wild type (WT) allo-BMT controls. Despite the comparable expression of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mediators, arginase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin 10, Ido1−/− Gr-1+CD11b+ cells from allo-BMT or in vitro BM culture showed compromised immune-suppressive functions and were skewed toward the Ly6ClowLy6Ghi subset, compared with the WT counterparts. Importantly, Ido1−/−Gr-1+CD11b+ cells exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil numbers. These characteristics were rescued by human IDO1 with intact heme-binding and catalytic activities and were recapitulated by the treatment of WT cells with the IDO1 inhibitor L1-methyl tryptophan. ROS scavenging by N-acetylcysteine reverted the Ido1−/−Gr-1+CD11b+ composition and function to an MDSC state, as well as improved the survival of GVHD hosts with Ido1−/− BM. In summary, myeloid-derived IDO1 enhances GVHD survival by regulating ROS levels and limiting the ability of Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs to differentiate into proinflammatory neutrophils. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the immune-regulatory roles of the metabolic enzyme IDO1.
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Jain U, Saxena K, Chauhan N. Helicobacter pylori induced reactive oxygen Species: A new and developing platform for detection. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12796. [PMID: 33666321 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 70% of cases are caused by a microaerophilic gram-negative bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which potentially infect almost 50% of world's population. H. pylori is mainly responsible for persistent oxidative stress in stomach and induction of chronic immune responses which ultimately result into DNA damage that eventually can lead to gastric cancer. Oxidative stress is the result of excessive release of ROS/RNS by activated neutrophils whereas bacteria itself also produce ROS in host cells. Therefore, ROS detection is an important factor for development of new strategies related to identification of H. pylori infection. METHODS The review summarizes the various available techniques for ROS detection with their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. All of the information included in this review have been retrieved from published studies on ROS generation and its detection methods. RESULTS Precisely, 71 articles have been incorporated and evaluated for this review. The studied articles were divided into two major categories including articles on H. pylori-related pathogenesis and various ROS detection methods for example probe-based methods, immunoassays, gene expression profiling, and other techniques. The major part of probe activity is based on fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence and detected by complementary techniques such as LC-MS, HPLC, EPR, and redox blotting. CONCLUSION The review describes the methods for ROS detection but due to some limitations in conventional methods, there is a need of cost-effective, early and fast detection methods like biosensors to diagnose the infection at its initial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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11
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Abstract
Human lifespan has increased significantly in the last 200 years, emphasizing our need to age healthily. Insights into molecular mechanisms of aging might allow us to slow down its rate or even revert it. Similar to aging, glycosylation is regulated by an intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The dynamics of glycopattern variation during aging has been mostly explored for plasma/serum and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycome, as we describe thoroughly in this chapter. In addition, we discuss the potential functional role of agalactosylated IgG glycans in aging, through modulation of inflammation level, as proposed by the concept of inflammaging. We also comment on the potential to use the plasma/serum and IgG N-glycome as a biomarker of healthy aging and on the interventions that modulate the IgG glycopattern. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge about animal models for human plasma/serum and IgG glycosylation and mention other, less explored, instances of glycopattern changes during organismal aging and cellular senescence.
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12
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Doulberis M, Kountouras J, Rogler G. Reconsidering the "protective" hypothesis of Helicobacter pylori infection in eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1481:59-71. [PMID: 32770542 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has attracted attention in the biomedical world with its numerous pathophysiologic implications, both gastrointestinal and systemic. Beyond its well-established carcinogenic properties, emerging evidence also supports "harmful" proinflammatory and neurodegenerative roles of H. pylori. On the other hand, H. pylori infection has been proposed to be "protective" against several diseases, such as asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively new, allergen/immune-mediated disease, which has also been linked to these considerations. Main arguments are a postulated shift of immune responses by H. pylori from T helper 2 (TH 2) to TH 1 polarization, as well as a potential decline of the H. pylori burden with the dramatic parallel rise of ΕοΕ: a series of observational studies reported an inverse association. In this review, we counter these arguments by providing further epidemiological data, which point out that this generalization might be rather incomplete. We also discuss the limitations of the existing studies evaluating a possible association. Furthermore, we provide current evidence on common pathogenetic components, which share both entities. In summary, the claim that H. pylori is protective against EoE is rather incomplete, and further mechanistic studies are necessary to elucidate a possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Huang GH, Pei YC, Yang L, Mou KJ, Tang JH, Xiang Y, Liu J, Lv SQ. Integrative transcriptome analysis identified a BMP signaling pathway-regulated lncRNA AC068643.1 in IDH mutant and wild-type glioblastomas. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:75-84. [PMID: 32565936 PMCID: PMC7285920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are classified into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant (IDH MT) and wild-type (IDH WT) subtypes, and each is associated with distinct tumor behavior and prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate differentially expressed long non-coding (lnc)RNAs and mRNAs between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs, as well as to explore the interaction and potential functions of these RNAs. A total of 132 GBM samples with RNA profiling data (10 IDH MT and 122 IDH WT cases) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and 62/78 and 142/219 up/downregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs were identified, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis of the dysregulated lncRNAs/mRNAs identified three-lncRNA and fifteen-mRNA signatures with independent prognostic value, indicating that these RNAs may serve roles in determining distinct tumor behaviors and prognosis of patients with IDH MT/WT GBMs. Functional analysis of the three lncRNAs revealed that they were primarily associated with cell stemness or differentiation. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the protective lncRNA AC068643.1 was significantly positively correlated with two key bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling-associated mRNAs, Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Myostatin (MSTN), from the 15 mRNAs. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that BMP2 and MSTN directly stimulated AC068643.1 expression. In conclusion, the present study identified a BMP signaling pathway-regulated lncRNA AC068643.1, which may contribute to the different tumor behaviors observed between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bishan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Tharuka MDN, Yang H, Lee J. Expression, subcellular localization, and potential antiviral function of three interferon regulatory factors in the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:297-310. [PMID: 31811886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are among the most important transcription mediators and have multiple biological functions, such as antiviral and antimicrobial defense, cell differentiation, immune modulation, and apoptosis. Three IRF family members (HaIRF4-like, HaIRF6, and HaIRF8) of the big belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) were molecularly and functionally characterized at the sequence and transcriptional level. The coding sequences of HaIRF4-like, HaIRF6, and HaIRF8 were 1214, 1485, and 1266 bp in length, encoding proteins of size 46.21, 55.32, and 47.56 kDa, respectively. Potential viral transcription and replication was detected against VHSV infection using qPCR in HaIRFs-transfected FHM cells. IRFs significantly reduced viral gene expression at 24 h and 48 h post infection and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was modulated at transcriptional level upon HaIRF overexpression in FHM cells. Subcellular HaIRF localization was observed using GFP-tagged expression vectors in FHM cells. HaIRF4-like and HaIRF8 were localized to the nucleus, whereas HaIRF6 was observed in the cytoplasm. All three IRFs were ubiquitously expressed in all analyzed tissues of the big belly seahorse. The mRNA expression of IRF4-like, IRF6, and IRF8 increased significantly post injection in the blood and gills following LPS, poly (I:C), and Streptococcus iniae challenge. These findings demonstrate that seahorse IRFs are involved in host defense mechanisms against immune stimulants and HaIRFs induce interferon and ISGs which trigger antiviral activity against viral infections in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP, Vicente B, Aguayo LG. Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Oral and Gut Microbiota: Are Pore Forming Proteins the Missing Link? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:29-46. [PMID: 30040725 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is associated with cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brain, synaptic disconnection, and subsequent progressive neuronal death. Although considerable progress has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, the specific causes of the disease remain highly unknown. Recent research has suggested a potential association between certain infectious diseases and dementia, either directly due to bacterial brain invasion and toxin production, or indirectly by modulating the immune response. Therefore, in the present review we focus on the emerging issues of bacterial infection and AD, including the existence of antimicrobial peptides having pore-forming properties that act in a similar way to pores formed by Aβ in a variety of cell membranes. Special focus is placed on oral bacteria and biofilms, and on the potential mechanisms associating bacterial infection and toxin production in AD. The role of bacterial outer membrane vesicles on the transport and delivery of toxins as well as porins to the brain is also discussed. Aβ has shown to possess antimicrobial activity against several bacteria, and therefore could be upregulated as a response to bacteria and bacterial toxins in the brain. Although further research is needed, we believe that the control of biofilm-mediated diseases could be an important potential prevention mechanism for AD development.
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16
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S. The important role played by chemokines influence the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Life Sci 2019; 231:116688. [PMID: 31348950 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the most frequent infectious agents in humans, may cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. During H. pylori infection, different kinds of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, T cells and B cells are accumulated into the stomach. The interactions between chemokines and their respective receptors recruit particular types of the leukocytes that ultimately determine the nature of immune response and therefore, have a main influence on the consequence of infection. The suitable production of chemokines especially in the early stages of H. pylori infection shapes appropriate immune responses that contribute to the H. pylori elimination. The unbalanced expression of the chemokines can contribute in the induction of inappropriate responses that result in the tissue damage or malignancy. Thus, chemokines and their receptors may be promising potential targets for designing the therapeutic strategies against various types H. pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, a comprehensive explanation regarding the roles played by chemokines in H. pylori-mediated peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric malignancies was provided while presenting the potential utilization of these chemoattractants as therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Kazanietz MG, Durando M, Cooke M. CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5 in Cancer: Inflammation, Immune Response, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:471. [PMID: 31354634 PMCID: PMC6639976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR5, play fundamental roles in inflammatory, infectious and immune responses. Originally identified as a B-cell chemoattractant, CXCL13 exerts important functions in lymphoid neogenesis, and has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as in lymphoproliferative disorders. Current evidence also indicates that the CXCL13:CXCR5 axis orchestrates cell-cell interactions that regulate lymphocyte infiltration within the tumor microenvironment, thereby determining responsiveness to cytotoxic and immune-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive perspective of the involvement of CXCL13 and its receptor in cancer progression. Studies in recent years postulated novel roles for this chemokine in controlling the cancer cell phenotype, and suggest important functions in the growth and metastatic dissemination of solid tumors. Carcinogens have been found to induce CXCL13 production, and production of this chemokine within the tumor milieu has been shown to impact the proliferation, migration, and invasive properties of cancer cells. Thus, the complex networks of cellular interactions involving tumoral CXCL13 and CXCR5 integrate to promote cancer cell autonomous and non-autonomous responses, highlighting the relevance of autocrine and paracrine interactions in dictating the cancer phenotype. Dissecting the molecular and signaling events regulated by CXCL13 and how this chemokine dynamically controls the interaction between the cancer cell and the tumor microenvironment is key to identify novel effectors and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Wei Y, Lin C, Li H, Xu Z, Wang J, Li R, Liu H, Zhang H, He H, Xu J. CXCL13 expression is prognostic and predictive for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:261-269. [PMID: 29085997 PMCID: PMC11028286 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1) is a cytokine from C-X-C chemokine family, which is selectively chemotactic for B cells. Previous research has demonstrated that high CXCL13 expression is correlated to poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the association between CXCL13 expression and gastric cancer is still unclear. METHODS Intratumoral CXCL13 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a semi-quantitative method (modified H-score) in a testing set of 214 and a validation set of 227 randomly selected gastric cancer patients resected in 2008 in one institution. The median value was used as the cut-off point. We performed correlative analysis of CXCL-13 expression with clinicopathological variables, Kaplan-Meier analysis for association with overall survival (OS), and multivariate modeling. RESULTS High CXCL13 expression was associated with larger tumor diameter and shorter OS. By multivariate analysis, CXCL13 expression was associated with OS independently from clinicopathological factors. Within the T2-4 stage patients group, low CXCL13 expression was associated with longer survival, especially in the subgroup of patients (57.6%) who received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Intratumoral CXCL13 expression appears as an independent prognostic marker for patients after gastric cancer resection. In addition, CXCL13 expression may serve as a predictive biomarker of response to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichou Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 358, Building West 7, 130 Dongan Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - He Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 358, Building West 7, 130 Dongan Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieti Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 358, Building West 7, 130 Dongan Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Room 1004, Building No.1, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 358, Building West 7, 130 Dongan Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhang X, Song Y, Song N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li D, Wang Z, Qu X, Liu Y. Rankl expression predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients: results from a retrospective and single-center analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6265. [PMID: 29340518 PMCID: PMC5769752 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK pathway plays an important role in the prognosis of several solid tumor types, but its role in gastric cancer prognosis has been poorly characterized. A total of 116 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this study. Expressions of RANKL and RANK in gastric cancer tissues were detected using immunohistochemical staining. Thirty-eight patients (33%) showed a high level of RANKL expression and 61 patients (53%) showed a high level of RANK expression. There was a positive correlation between expressions of RANKL and RANK (P=0.014, r=0.221). A high level of RANKL expression indicated shorter overall survival (OS) (P=0.008), and was associated with a higher pathological tumor/lymph node/metastasis (pTNM) stage (P=0.035), while no significant correlation was detected between RANK expression and clinicopathological parameters. RANKL also predicted poor prognosis in patients with high RANK expression (P=0.008) and Bormann's type III/IV (P=0.002). Furthermore, RANKL expression correlated with pTNM stage according to high RANK expression (P=0.009), while no significance was found in patients with low RANK expression (P=1.000). Together, our results revealed that high expression of RANKL could predict worse outcomes in gastric cancer especially combined with RANK detection, and thereby this pathway could be a useful prognostic indicator of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - N Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ansari S, Kabamba ET, Shrestha PK, Aftab H, Myint T, Tshering L, Sharma RP, Ni N, Aye TT, Subsomwong P, Uchida T, Ratanachu-ek T, Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Matsumoto T, Akada J, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori bab characterization in clinical isolates from Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187225. [PMID: 29107979 PMCID: PMC5673166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori BabA is an important outer membrane protein that involves in the attachment to the gastric mucosa and enhances the virulence property of the bacterium. This study was aimed to characterize the bab genotypes, to evaluate its association with cagA, vacA and clinical diseases as well as degree of gastric inflammation. METHODS H. pylori isolates from four countries were subjected for the characterization of bab. The locus specific forward and bab specific reverse primers were used to get the specific products by PCR, which could distinguish the three locus (A, B and C). The histological activities were evaluated according to the Updated Sydney system. RESULT In patients from high risk countries (Bhutan and Myanmar) relatively higher frequencies of strains with babA-positivity (91.8% and 90.7%, respectively), babA at locus A (98% and 91.2%, respectively) and with single babA (96.8% and 91.2%, respectively) were found. Strains with two loci occupied were the most prevalent in Bhutan (84.6%), Myanmar (74.7%), Nepal (58.3%) and Bangladesh (56.9%). The genotype babA at locus A/babB at locus B/bab-negative at locus C (babA/babB/-) was the most common genotype isolated from Bhutan (82.7%), Myanmar (58.7%), Nepal (32%) and Bangladesh (31.4%) among all genotypes assessed. This genotype was also associated with the peptic ulcer disease (P = 0.013) when compared to gastritis. babA-positive characteristics and the genotype babA/babB/- exhibited the enhanced histological activities. CONCLUSIONS The higher prevalence of virulence associated babA-positive characteristics and enhanced histological activities in Bhutan than in Myanmar, Nepal and Bangladesh might partly explain why the peoples in Bhutan are at higher risk for developing severe gastric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | | | - Pradeep Krishna Shrestha
- Gastroenterology Department, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hafeza Aftab
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Thein Myint
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Lotay Tshering
- Department of Surgery, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Rabi Prakash Sharma
- Gastroenterology Department, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nwe Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mandalay General Hospital and University of Medicine (Mandalay), Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Than Than Aye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital and University of Medicine (2), Thingangyun, Myanmar
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Ratha-korn Vilaichone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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21
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Alterations in metabolic pathways in stomach of mice infected with Helicobacter pylori. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Rossi AFT, Cadamuro ACT, Biselli-Périco JM, Leite KRM, Severino FE, Reis PP, Cordeiro JA, Silva AE. Interaction between inflammatory mediators and miRNAs in Helicobacter pylori infection. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1444-58. [PMID: 26945693 PMCID: PMC5074252 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori cause chronic inflammation favouring gastric carcinogenesis, and its eradication may prevent malignant transformation. We evaluated whether H. pylori infection and its eradication modify the expression of inflammatory mediators in patients with chronic gastritis. Furthermore, we assessed whether microRNAs modulate inflammatory pathways induced by H. pylori and identified miRNA–gene interaction networks. mRNA and protein expression of TNFA, IL6, IL1B, IL12A, IL2 and TGFBRII and miRNAs miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐181c‐5p, miR‐370‐3p, miR‐375 and miR‐223‐3p were evaluated in tissue samples from 20 patients with chronic gastritis H. pylori negative (Hp−) and 31 H. pylori positive (Hp+), before and three months after bacterium eradication therapy, in comparison with a pool of Hp− normal gastric mucosa. Our results showed that H. pylori infection leads to up‐regulation of TNFA, IL6, IL12A and IL2 and down‐regulation of miRNAs. Bacterium eradication reduces the expression of TNFA and IL6 and up‐regulates TGFBRII and all investigated miRNAs, except miR‐223‐3p. Moreover, transcriptional profiles of inflammatory mediators and miRNAs after eradication are different from the non‐infected group. Deregulated miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were observed in the Hp+ group before and after eradication. Therefore, miRNAs modulated cytokine expression in the presence of H. pylori and after its eradication, suggesting that miRNAs participate in the pathological process triggered by H. pylori in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Teixeira Rossi
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Targa Cadamuro
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joice Matos Biselli-Périco
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia Ramos Moreira Leite
- USP, São Paulo University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Eduardo Severino
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Avenida Prof. Montenegro, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Reis
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Avenida Prof. Montenegro, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Cordeiro
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabete Silva
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Mozaffari Namin B, Soltan Dallal MM, Ebrahimi Daryani N. The Effect of Campylobacter concisus on Expression of IL-18, TNF-α and p53 in Barrett's Cell Lines. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e26393. [PMID: 26865939 PMCID: PMC4744463 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition at gastroesophageal junction in which normal squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar shape epithelium, which predisposes oesophageal adenocarcinoma. It is known that Barrett's oesophagus evolves as a consequence of chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Although progression of Barrett's oesophagus to adenocarcinoma is still unclear, increasing incidence of oesophageal cancer and mortality worldwide make its study necessary. Several investigations have been made on the aetiology of oesophageal cancer. Most of them assessed genetical or environmental factors. However, potential role of bacteria in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma as a new environmental factor has not been addressed. Previous study on Barrett's disease detected presence of Campylobacter concisus as a new emerging pathogen on Barrett's and oesophageal cancer samples compared with healthy individuals. This indicates that this organism might involve in the progression of Barrett's to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of C. concisus on expression of three biomarkers including interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumour suppressor gene (p53) in three Barrett's cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR assays were developed to measure expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-18 and TNF-α) and gene expression of p53 in Barrett's cell lines in co-culture with C. concisus. RESULTS The mentioned organism was able to modulate considerably expression of p53, TNF-α and IL-18 in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that microorganism influences expression of carcinogenesis biomarker and cytokines in cell line models and possibility promotes oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Mozaffari Namin
- Department of Microbiology of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, IR Iran
- Microbiology and Gut Biology Group, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Food Microbiology Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188992971, Fax: +98-2188954913, E-mail:
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Choi HJ, Lui A, Ogony J, Jan R, Sims PJ, Lewis-Wambi J. Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant breast cancer cells to estrogen-induced cell death. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:6. [PMID: 25588716 PMCID: PMC4336497 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of patients treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in patient relapse and, ultimately, death. The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of IFITM1 and PLSCR1; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. Methods Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of IFITM1, PLSCR1, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF-7 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C breast cancer cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary breast tumors, and AI-resistant recurrence tumors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular IFNα level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown IFITM1, PLSCR1, STAT1, STAT2, IRF-7, and IFNα expression. Results We found that IFITM1 and PLSCR1 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C breast cancer cells and AI-resistant tumors and that siRNA knockdown of IFITM1 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of IFITM1 significantly enhanced estradiol-induced cell death in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of p21, Bax, and Noxa in these cells. Significantly elevated level of IFNα was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of IFNα dramatically reduced IFITM1, PLSCR1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against IFNAR1/2 and knockdown of STAT1/STAT2 completely suppressed IFITM1, PLSCR1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical IFNα signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of IFITM1 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. Conclusion Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of AI-resistant breast cancer and that suppression of IFITM1 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to estrogen-induced cell death. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0506-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Karlsen NS, Karlsen MA, Høgdall CK, Høgdall EVS. HE4 tissue expression and serum HE4 levels in healthy individuals and patients with benign or malignant tumors: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2285-95. [PMID: 25169975 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has received major attention as a potential tumor marker in epithelial ovarian cancer; however, evidence of significant overexpression of HE4 in several other human cancers is expanding. To assess the possible limitations or benefits of HE4 in a clinical setting, this review aims to systematically outline published results of HE4 tissue expression and serum HE4 levels in healthy individuals and patients with benign or malignant tumors. Our findings suggest scientific basis for a potential diagnostic ability of HE4 in gynecologic cancer and lung cancer, and further research is needed regarding other cancers. Yet, it is important to recognize that other malignancies can cause increased HE4 levels. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the influence of age and renal function on HE4 serum levels in future studies as well as in the clinic for proper interpretation of serum HE4 test results. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2285-95. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoline S Karlsen
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mona A Karlsen
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. Gynecologic Department, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Gynecologic Department, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid V S Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
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Molecular Mechanism of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Rodent Models. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Sequence and apoptotic activity of VacA cytotoxin cloned from a Helicobacter pylori Thai clinical isolate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:398350. [PMID: 24963483 PMCID: PMC4052787 DOI: 10.1155/2014/398350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA produced by Helicobacter pylori induces the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles in host gastric epithelial cells as well as a release of cytochrome C from mitochondria resulting in cell apoptosis. Considerable sequence diversity in VacA relating to different degrees of disease severity is observed with clinical samples from a multitude of geographic places. In this study we describe expression in Escherichia coli, purification to homogeneity and in vitro assay of its apoptotic activity of a VacA toxin from a H. pylori isolate of a Thai patient with gastrointestinal lymphoma. Sequencing revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned Thai isolate VacA is similar to H. pylori s1/m2 type strains. The percent sequence similarity to the model strain 60190 was lower due to the presence of extra amino acids in the mid (m) region. The purified VacA toxin exhibited significant apoptotic activity on both T84 and MDCK epithelial cell lines, as revealed by DAPI staining, whereby the observed activity was significantly higher on MDCK cells. These findings could relate to a modulation of VacA activity on host cells in the Thai isolate-VacA toxin that may differ from those of the model strain.
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Cadamuro ACT, Rossi AFT, Maniezzo NM, Silva AE. Helicobacter pylori infection: host immune response, implications on gene expression and microRNAs. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1424-37. [PMID: 24587619 PMCID: PMC3925852 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide. Persistent infection of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammatory processes and may remain silent for decades or progress causing more severe diseases, such as gastric adenocarcinoma. The clinical consequences of H. pylori infection are determined by multiple factors, including host genetic predisposition, gene regulation, environmental factors and heterogeneity of H. pylori virulence factors. After decades of studies of this successful relationship between pathogen and human host, various mechanisms have been elucidated. In this review, we have made an introduction on H. pylori infection and its virulence factors, and focused mainly on modulation of host immune response triggered by bacteria, changes in the pattern of gene expression in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa, with activation of gene transcription involved in defense mechanisms, inflammatory and immunological response, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We also highlighted the role of bacteria eradication on gene expression levels. In addition, we addressed the recent involvement of different microRNAs in precancerous lesions, gastric cancer, and inflammatory processes induced by bacteria. New discoveries in this field may allow a better understanding of the role of major factors involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori.
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Nookaew I, Thorell K, Worah K, Wang S, Hibberd ML, Sjövall H, Pettersson S, Nielsen J, Lundin SB. Transcriptome signatures in Helicobacter pylori-infected mucosa identifies acidic mammalian chitinase loss as a corpus atrophy marker. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:41. [PMID: 24119614 PMCID: PMC4015281 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of gastric cancer cases are believed to be caused by chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and atrophic corpus gastritis is a predisposing condition to gastric cancer development. We aimed to increase understanding of the molecular details of atrophy by performing a global transcriptome analysis of stomach tissue. Methods Biopsies from patients with different stages of H. pylori infection were taken from both the antrum and corpus mucosa and analyzed on microarrays. The stages included patients without current H. pylori infection, H. pylori-infected without corpus atrophy and patients with current or past H. pylori-infection with corpus-predominant atrophic gastritis. Results Using clustering and integrated analysis, we found firm evidence for antralization of the corpus mucosa of atrophy patients. This antralization harbored gain of gastrin expression, as well as loss of expression of corpus-related genes, such as genes associated with acid production, energy metabolism and blood clotting. The analyses provided detailed molecular evidence for simultaneous intestinal metaplasia (IM) and spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in atrophic corpus tissue. Finally, acidic mammalian chitinase, a chitin-degrading enzyme produced by chief cells, was shown to be strongly down-regulated in corpus atrophy. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis revealed several gene groups which are related to development of corpus atrophy, some of which were increased also in H. pylori-infected non-atrophic patients. Furthermore, loss of acidic chitinase expression is a promising marker for corpus atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Gao N, Sang Yoon G, Liu X, Mi X, Chen W, Standiford TJ, Yu FSX. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of differentially expressed genes in flagellin-pretreated mouse corneal epithelial cells in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of S100A8/A9. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:993-1005. [PMID: 23340821 PMCID: PMC3722258 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin induces profound mucosal innate protection against infections by modifying gene expression. Taking advantage of easily procurable epithelial cell population, this study is the first report to use genome-wide cDNA microarray approach to document genes associated with flagellin-induced protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Infection altered the expression of 675 genes (497 up and 178 down), while flagellin pretreatment followed by infection resulted in a great increase in 890 gene upregulated and 37 genes downregulated. Comparing these two groups showed 209 differentially expressed genes (157 up, 52 down). Notably, among 114 genes categorized as defense related, S100A8/A9 are the two most highly induced genes by flagellin, and their expression in the corneal was confirmed by realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry. Neutralization of S100A8 and, to a less extent, A9, resulted in significantly increased bacterial burden and severe keratitis. Collectively, our study identifies many differentially expressed genes by flagellin in CECs in response to Pseudomonas. These novel gene expression signatures provide new insights and clues into the nature of protective mechanisms established by flagellin and new therapeutic targets for reducing inflammation and for controlling microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Toyoda T, Tsukamoto T, Yamamoto M, Ban H, Saito N, Takasu S, Shi L, Saito A, Ito S, Yamamura Y, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K, Tanaka T, Tatematsu M. Gene expression analysis of a Helicobacter pylori-infected and high-salt diet-treated mouse gastric tumor model: identification of CD177 as a novel prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:122. [PMID: 23899160 PMCID: PMC3734037 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and excessive salt intake are known as important risk factors for stomach cancer in humans. However, interactions of these two factors with gene expression profiles during gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the global gene expression associated with stomach carcinogenesis and prognosis of human gastric cancer using a mouse model. METHODS To find candidate genes involved in stomach carcinogenesis, we firstly constructed a carcinogen-induced mouse gastric tumor model combined with H. pylori infection and high-salt diet. C57BL/6J mice were given N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in their drinking water and sacrificed after 40 weeks. Animals of a combination group were inoculated with H. pylori and fed a high-salt diet. Gene expression profiles in glandular stomach of the mice were investigated by oligonucleotide microarray. Second, we examined an availability of the candidate gene as prognostic factor for human patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD177, one of the up-regulated genes, was performed in human advanced gastric cancer specimens to evaluate the association with prognosis. RESULTS The multiplicity of gastric tumor in carcinogen-treated mice was significantly increased by combination of H. pylori infection and high-salt diet. In the microarray analysis, 35 and 31 more than two-fold up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively, were detected in the H. pylori-infection and high-salt diet combined group compared with the other groups. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed significant over-expression of two candidate genes including Cd177 and Reg3g. On immunohistochemical analysis of CD177 in human advanced gastric cancer specimens, over-expression was evident in 33 (60.0%) of 55 cases, significantly correlating with a favorable prognosis (P = 0.0294). Multivariate analysis including clinicopathological factors as covariates revealed high expression of CD177 to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that our mouse model combined with H. pylori infection and high-salt diet is useful for gene expression profiling in gastric carcinogenesis, providing evidence that CD177 is a novel prognostic factor for stomach cancer. This is the first report showing a prognostic correlation between CD177 expression and solid tumor behavior.
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Avnet S, Salerno M, Zini N, Alberghini M, Gibellini D, Baldini N. Sustained Autocrine Induction and Impaired Negative Feedback of Osteoclastogenesis in CD14+ Cells of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reduced FAF1 Expression and Helicobacter Infection: Correlations with Clinicopathological Features in Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:153219. [PMID: 23304123 PMCID: PMC3530185 DOI: 10.1155/2012/153219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between FAF1 expression and aspects of gastric cancer, in particular its clinical characteristics and Helicobacter infection. Materials and Methods. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze expression of FAF1 mRNA and protein in 40 gastric cancer patients. H. pylori infection was detected by three staining protocols. Results. The expression level of FAF1 mRNA was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissue than in normal gastric mucosa from the same patient (P < 0.05). FAF1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in stage IV gastric cancer than in stage I+II or IIIA+IIIB (P = 0.004) and also significantly lower in gastric cancer with distant metastasis. FAF1 mRNA expression was higher in well-differentiated cancer than in poorly-differentiated cancer (0.39 ± 0.06 versus 0.19 ± 0.06, t = 9.966, P < 0.01). FAF1 protein was detected in 15 of 40 (37.5%) cancerous tissue samples and in 29 of 40 (72.5%) corresponding normal tissue samples (P < 0.01). FAF1 mRNA expression was lower in H. pylori-positive cancerous tissue samples than in H. pylori-negative ones (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Downregulation of FAF1 expression may be related to the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer, and H. pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis may downregulate FAF1 expression.
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Klymiuk I, Kenner L, Adler T, Busch DH, Boersma A, Irmler M, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Leitner N, Müller M, Kühn R, Schlederer M, Treise I, de Angelis MH, Beckers J. In vivo functional requirement of the mouse Ifitm1 gene for germ cell development, interferon mediated immune response and somitogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44609. [PMID: 23115618 PMCID: PMC3480353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1) gene was originally identified as a member of a gene family highly inducible by type I and type II interferons. Based on expression analyses, it was suggested to be required for normal primordial germ cell migration. The knockdown of Ifitm1 in mouse embryos provided evidence for a role in somitogenesis. We generated the first targeted knockin allele of the Ifitm1 gene to systematically reassess all inferred functions. Sperm motility and the fertility of male and female mutant mice are as in wild type littermates. Embryonic somites and the adult vertebral column appear normal in homozygous Ifitm1 knockout mice, demonstrating that Ifitm1 is not essential for normal segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm. Proportions of leucocyte subsets, including granulocytes, monocytes, B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, and NKT-cells, are unchanged in mutant mice. Based on a normal immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection, there is no evidence for a dysfunction in downstream IFNγ signaling in Ifitm1 mutant mice. Expression from the Ifitm1 locus from E8.5 to E14.5 is highly dynamic. In contrast, in adult mice, Ifitm1 expression is highly restricted and strong in the bronchial epithelium. Intriguingly, IFITM1 is highly overexpressed in tumor epithelia cells of human squamous cell carcinomas and in adenocarcinomas of NSCLC patients. These analyses underline the general importance of targeted in vivo studies for the functional annotation of the mammalian genome. The first comprehensive description of the Ifitm1 expression pattern provides a rational basis for the further examination of Ifitm1 gene functions. Based on our data, the fact that IFITM1 can function as a negative regulator of cell proliferation, and because the gene maps to chromosome band 11p15.5, previously associated with NSCLC, it is likely that IFITM1 in man has a key role in tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IK); (JB)
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research and Institute for Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thure Adler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Auke Boersma
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Treise
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- * E-mail: (IK); (JB)
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Bauer B, Pang E, Holland C, Kessler M, Bartfeld S, Meyer TF. The Helicobacter pylori virulence effector CagA abrogates human β-defensin 3 expression via inactivation of EGFR signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:576-86. [PMID: 22704618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are constituents of the first-line innate mucosal defense system that acts as a barrier to establishment of infection. The highly successful human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is able to persistently colonize its host despite inducing expression of several antimicrobial peptides, including human β-defensin 3 (hBD3). We find that hBD3 is highly active against H. pylori in vitro and is rapidly induced during early infection via EGFR-dependent activation of MAP kinase and JAK/STAT signaling. However, during prolonged infection, hBD3 was subsequently downregulated by the H. pylori virulence determinant CagA. Upon translocation into host cells, CagA activated the cellular tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, terminating EGFR activation and downstream signaling and increasing bacterial viability. Chemical inhibition and knockdown of SHP-2 expression rescued hBD3 synthesis and bactericidal activity. Thus, we reveal how cagPAI-positive H. pylori strains use CagA to evade a key innate mucosal defense pathway to support the establishment of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
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Bathige SDNK, Whang I, Umasuthan N, Lim BS, Park MA, Kim E, Park HC, Lee J. Interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: structural and expressional evidence for their antimicrobial role in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:857-871. [PMID: 22885028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) members IRF4 and IRF8 contribute to B-lymphocyte development and can act as regulators of immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain gene transcription. These two IRFs are closely interrelated and are expressed at high levels in the lymphoid and myeloid cells of the immune system. In this study, the complete cDNA and genomic sequences of rock bream IRF4 (RbIRF4) and IRF8 (RbIRF8) were identified by homology screening of a multi-tissue normalized cDNA library and a BAC library, respectively, which had been established using Roche 454 GS-FLX™ technology. The full-length RbIRF4 cDNA is composed of 3442 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 462 amino acids; the genomic DNA is 9262 bp in length, consisting of eight exons and seven introns. The full-length RbIRF8 cDNA is composed of 2186 bp and encodes a 422 amino acid polypeptide; the genomic DNA is 4120 bp in length, consisting of nine exons and eight introns. The deduced amino acid sequences of RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 include a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) encompassing a tryptophan pentad-repeat and an IRF-association domain (IAD). Several putative transcription factor binding sites were also identified in 5' flanking region of both RbIRF4 and RbIRF8, and include those of immune-related factors. Quantitative real time PCR analysis of healthy rock bream detected the highest expression levels of RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 in lymphomyeloid-rich tissues. In addition, viral (rock bream iridovirus) and bacterial (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) infection stimulated RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 expressions in head kidney and spleen. These results suggest not only that RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 may have a protective function against virus and bacteria pathogen invasion in rock bream, but also that IRFs may be immunomodulatory factors of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Lario S, Ramírez-Lázaro M, Aransay A, Lozano J, Montserrat A, Casalots Á, Junquera F, Álvarez J, Segura F, Campo R, Calvet X. microRNA profiling in duodenal ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection in a Western population. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E273-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ikuse T, Ohtsuka Y, Kudo T, Hosoi K, Obayashi N, Jimbo K, Aoyagi Y, Fujii T, Nagata S, Shimizu T. Microarray analysis of gastric mucosa among children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:319-24. [PMID: 22320455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although initial infection with Helicobacter pylori may occur before 5 years of age, the pediatric mucosal immune response against H. pylori is not clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate immune responses in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa of children using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of pediatric gastric samples. METHODS Gastric samples were obtained from 12 patients undergoing routine endoscopy of chronic abdominal complaints. Six patients (three boys, three girls) aged 10.1-14.6 years had evidence of H. pylori infection, and the remaining six (three boys, three girls) aged 10.3-15.5 years had no evidence of infection and presented no histological changes associated with gastritis. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses were performed, and the changes in gene expression-related immune response were also analyzed. RESULTS Using microarray analysis, the total number of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes (fold change >5, P < 0.01) was 21 in the antrum and 16 in the corpus when comparing patients with or without infection. Using real-time PCR, the expression of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 18, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9 and CXCL11 was upregulated, while the expression of pepsinogen (PG) I and PGII was downregulated when comparing patients with or without infection. CONCLUSIONS Lcn2, CCL18, CXCL9, CXCL11, PGI and PGII play important roles in childhood H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Overexpression of IFITM1 has clinicopathologic effects on gastric cancer and is regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:43-52. [PMID: 22609115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel genes related to the prognosis of gastric cancer, we performed gene expression profiling and found overexpressed levels of human interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1). We validated the gastric cancer-specific up-regulation of IFITM1 and its association with cancer progression. We also studied its epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis-related functions. Expression of IFITM1 was evaluated in various human gastric cancer cells and in 35 patient tumor tissues by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The results showed highly up-regulated IFITM1 in cancer cell lines and tissues. Furthermore, IHC studies were performed on 151 patient tissues, and a significant correlation was revealed between higher IFITM1 expression and Lauren's intestinal type (P = 0.007) and differentiated adenocarcinoma (P = 0.025). Quantitative studies of DNA methylation for 27 CpG sites in the regulatory region showed hypermethylation in cells expressing low levels of IFITM1. Methylation-dependent IFITM1 expression was confirmed further by in vitro demethylation using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and luciferase assays. The functional analysis of IFITM1 by silencing of its expression with small-interfering RNA showed decreased migration and invasiveness of cancer cells, whereas its overexpression exhibited the opposite results. In this study, we demonstrated gastric cancer-specific overexpression of IFITM1 regulated by promoter methylation and the role of IFITM1 in cancer prognosis.
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Kim IJ, Blanke SR. Remodeling the host environment: modulation of the gastric epithelium by the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:37. [PMID: 22919629 PMCID: PMC3417592 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence mechanisms underlying Helicobacter pylori persistence and disease remain poorly understood, in part, because the factors underlying disease risk are multifactorial and complex. Among the bacterial factors that contribute to the cumulative pathophysiology associated with H. pylori infections, the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is one of the most important. Analogous to a number of H. pylori genes, the vacA gene exhibits allelic mosaicism, and human epidemiological studies have revealed that several families of toxin alleles are predictive of more severe disease. Animal model studies suggest that VacA may contribute to pathogenesis in several ways. VacA functions as an intracellular-acting protein exotoxin. However, VacA does not fit the current prototype of AB intracellular-acting bacterial toxins, which elaborate modulatory effects through the action of an enzymatic domain translocated inside host cells. Rather, VacA may represent an alternative prototype for AB intracellular acting toxins that modulate cellular homeostasis by forming ion-conducting intracellular membrane channels. Although VacA seems to form channels in several different membranes, one of the most important target sites is the mitochondrial inner membrane. VacA apparently take advantage of an unusual intracellular trafficking pathway to mitochondria, where the toxin is imported and depolarizes the inner membrane to disrupt mitochondrial dynamics and cellular energy homeostasis as a mechanism for engaging the apoptotic machinery within host cells. VacA remodeling of the gastric environment appears to be fine-tuned through the action of the Type IV effector protein CagA which, in part, limits the cytotoxic effects of VacA in cells colonized by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
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Yang ZM, Chen WW, Wang YF. Gene expression profiling in gastric mucosa from Helicobacter pylori-infected and uninfected patients undergoing chronic superficial gastritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33030. [PMID: 22438889 PMCID: PMC3306372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection reprograms host gene expression and influences various cellular processes, which have been investigated by cDNA microarray using in vitro culture cells and in vivo gastric biopsies from patients of the Chronic Abdominal Complaint. To further explore the effects of H. pylori infection on host gene expression, we have collected the gastric antral mucosa samples from 6 untreated patients with gastroscopic and pathologic confirmation of chronic superficial gastritis. Among them three patients were infected by H. pylori and the other three patients were not. These samples were analyzed by a microarray chip which contains 14,112 cloned cDNAs, and microarray data were analyzed via BRB ArrayTools software and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) website. The results showed 34 genes of 38 differentially expressed genes regulated by H. pylori infection had been annotated. The annotated genes were involved in protein metabolism, inflammatory and immunological reaction, signal transduction, gene transcription, trace element metabolism, and so on. The 82% of these genes (28/34) were categorized in three molecular interaction networks involved in gene expression, cancer progress, antigen presentation and inflammatory response. The expression data of the array hybridization was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR assays. Taken together, these data indicated that H. pylori infection could alter cellular gene expression processes, escape host defense mechanism, increase inflammatory and immune responses, activate NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, disturb metal ion homeostasis, and induce carcinogenesis. All of these might help to explain H. pylori pathogenic mechanism and the gastroduodenal pathogenesis induced by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Yang
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Wen Chen
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- E-Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying-Fang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li Z, Chen J, Chan KW, Qiao L, Wong BC. A possible role of cIAP2 in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kim SH, Kim YS, Lee SY, Kim KH, Lee YM, Kim WK, Lee YK. Gene expression profile in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2011; 41:192-200. [PMID: 21954424 PMCID: PMC3175499 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2011.41.4.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to compare the gene expression profile in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow for characterization of dental stem cells. Methods We employed GeneChip analysis to the expression levels of approximately 32,321 kinds of transcripts in 5 samples of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) (n=1), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) (n=2), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (n=2). Each cell was sorted by a FACS Vantage Sorter using immunocytochemical staining of the early mesenchymal stem cell surface marker STRO-1 before the microarray analysis. Results We identified 379 up-regulated and 133 down-regulated transcripts in BMSCs, 68 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated transcripts in PDLSCs, and 218 up-regulated and 231 down-regulated transcripts in DPSCs. In addition, anatomical structure development and anatomical structure morphogenesis gene ontology (GO) terms were over-represented in all three different mesenchymal stem cells and GO terms related to blood vessels, and neurons were over-represented only in DPSCs. Conclusions This study demonstrated the genome-wide gene expression patterns of STRO-1+ mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow. The differences among the expression profiles of BMSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs were shown, and 999 candidate genes were found to be definitely up- or down-regulated. In addition, GOstat analyses of regulated gene products provided over-represented GO classes. These data provide a first step for discovering molecules key to the characteristics of dental stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Won I, Kim YJ, Kim SJ, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Nutrigenomic approach to tackle the unpleasant journey to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. J Dig Dis 2011; 12:157-64. [PMID: 21615868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While dietary habits or nutritional intake continue to rank as significant factors influencing the incidence of cancer, there have been considerable scientific uncertainties about who will benefit, but who about will not benefit from nutrition. This might be due to inadequate knowledge about an individual's genetic background, the cumulative effect of nutrients on genetic expression profiles, ambiguous clinical differences between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries and the lack of information about active protein induction. During the past 200 years of nutrition research, we have experienced revolutionary advances in both chemistry and genomics. According to the high expectations for tailored medicine, a nutrigenomic approach harboring tremendous potential to change the future of dietary guideline and personal recommendations will provide an essential basis for personalized dietary recommendations to prevent common multifactorial diseases decades before their overt clinical manifestation. In the current review, we introduce our efforts to discover Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related disease biomarkers applicable for diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic purposes using several kinds of technology. For instance, based on publications showing the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Korean red ginseng on mitigating H. pylori-associated gastric atrophy, a nutrigenomic approach allows us to confirm that Korean red ginseng prevents H. pylori-associated gastric cancer in predictable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insik Won
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gachon Graduate School of Medicine-Gil Medical Center, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea
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Li D, Peng Z, Tang H, Wei P, Kong X, Yan D, Huang F, Li Q, Le X, Li Q, Xie K. KLF4-mediated negative regulation of IFITM3 expression plays a critical role in colon cancer pathogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3558-68. [PMID: 21531817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IFITM3, an IFN-inducible gene, is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer. In this study, we sought to determine the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of its dysregulated expression in human colon tumor specimens and murine models of this disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IFITM3 expression in a tissue microarray of tumor and matched normal colon tissue specimens and lymph node metastasis specimens obtained from 203 patients with colon cancer was measured immunohistochemically. RESULTS IFITM3 was expressed at higher levels in colon tumors and, particularly, nodal metastases than in normal colon tissue. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that IFITM3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of IFITM3 expression by a specific siRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft model. Restored expression of KLF4, a putative tumor suppressor, downregulated IFITM3 expression in colon cancer cells in vitro. Two KLF4-binding sites in the IFITM3 promoter bound specifically to KLF4 protein in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and promoter mutagenesis analyses. Specific deletion of KLF4 led to IFITM3 overexpression in colon mucosa in Villin-Cre(+);Klf4(fl/fl) mice. An inverse correlation between loss of KLF4 expression and IFITM3 overexpression was evident in human colon tumors. CONCLUSION These clinical and mechanistic findings indicate that IFITM3 is a direct transcriptional target of KLF4 and that dysregulated KLF4 expression leads to aberrant IFITM3 expression, thus contributing to colon cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Departments of General Surgery and Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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Bennett G, Sadlier D, Doran PP, Macmathuna P, Murray DW. A functional and transcriptomic analysis of NET1 bioactivity in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:50. [PMID: 21284875 PMCID: PMC3041777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NET1, a RhoA guanine exchange factor, is up-regulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissue and drives the invasive phenotype of this disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of NET1 in GC by monitoring the proliferation, motility and invasion of GC cells in which NET1 has been stably knocked down. Additionally, we aimed to determine NET1-dependent transcriptomic events that occur in GC. METHODS An in vitro model of stable knockdown of NET1 was achieved in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via lentiviral mediated transduction of short-hairpin (sh) RNA targeting NET1. Knockdown was assessed using quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTS assay and cell migration was assessed using a wound healing scratch assay. Cell invasion was assessed using a transwell matrigel invasion assay. Gene expression profiles were examined using affymetrix oligonucleotide U133A expression arrays. A student's t test was used to determine changes of statistical significance. RESULTS GC cells were transduced with NET1 shRNA resulting in a 97% reduction in NET1 mRNA (p < 0.0001). NET1 knockdown significantly reduced the invasion and migration of GC cells by 94% (p < 0.05) and 24% (p < 0.001) respectively, while cell proliferation was not significantly altered following NET1 knockdown. Microarray analysis was performed on non-target and knockdown cell lines, treated with and without 10 μM lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) allowing us to identify NET1-dependent, LPA-dependent and NET1-mediated LPA-induced gene transcription. Differential gene expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Shortlisted NET1-dependent genes included STAT1, TSPAN1, TGFBi and CCL5 all of which were downregulatd upon NET1 downregulation. Shortlisted LPA-dependent genes included EGFR and PPARD where EGFR was upregulated and PPARD was downregulated upon LPA stimulation. Shortlisted NET1 and LPA dependent genes included IGFR1 and PIP5K3. These LPA induced genes were downregulated in NET1 knockdown cells. CONCLUSIONS NET1 plays an important role in GC cell migration and invasion, key aspects of GC progression. Furthermore, the gene expression profile further elucidates the molecular mechanisms underpinning NET1-mediated aggressive GC cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle Bennett
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
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Hofman PM. Pathobiology of the neutrophil-intestinal epithelial cell interaction: Role in carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5790-800. [PMID: 21154999 PMCID: PMC3001969 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of chronic inflammation, acting as an independent factor, on the onset of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is now well accepted. However, even if there is an increase in the number of elements directly involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), as a major actor in digestive carcinogenesis, the different cellular and molecular events occurring in this process are still not completely understood. The transepithelial migration of PMNL, which is the ultimate step of the afflux of PMNL into the digestive mucosa, is a complex phenomenon involving sequential interaction of molecules expressed both on PMNL and on digestive epithelial cells. Chronic inflammatory areas rich in PMNL [so-called (chronic active inflammation)] and iterative transepithelial migration of PMNL certainly evoke intracellular signals, which lead toward progressive transformation of epithelia. Among these different signals, the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species and nitrates, the activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, and the modulation of expression of certain microRNA are key actors. Following the initiation of carcinogenesis, PMNL are involved in the progression and invasion of digestive carcinomas, with which they interact. It is noteworthy that different subpopulations of PMNL, which can have some opposite effects on tumor growth, in association with different levels of transforming growth factor-β and with the number of CD8 positive T lymphocytes, could be present during the development of digestive carcinoma. Other factors that involve PMNL, such as massive elastase release, and the production of angiogenic factors, can participate in the progression of neoplastic cells through tissues. PMNL may play a major role in the onset of metastases, since they allow the tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier and to migrate into the blood stream. Finally, PMNL play a role, alone or in association with other cell parameters, in the initiation, promotion, progression and dissemination of digestive carcinomas. This review focuses on the main currently accepted cellular and molecular mechanisms that involve PMNL as key actors in digestive carcinogenesis.
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You YH, Song YY, Meng FL, He LH, Zhang MJ, Yan XM, Zhang JZ. Time-series gene expression profiles in AGS cells stimulated with Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1385-96. [PMID: 20238406 PMCID: PMC2842531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i11.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To extend the knowledge of the dynamic interaction between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and host mucosa.
METHODS: A time-series cDNA microarray was performed in order to detect the temporal gene expression profiles of human gastric epithelial adenocarcinoma cells infected with H. pylori. Six time points were selected to observe the changes in the model. A differential expression profile at each time point was obtained by comparing the microarray signal value with that of 0 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was subsequently performed to evaluate the data quality.
RESULTS: We found a diversity of gene expression patterns at different time points and identified a group of genes whose expression levels were significantly correlated with several important immune response and tumor related pathways.
CONCLUSION: Early infection may trigger some important pathways and may impact the outcome of the infection.
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Kim KK, Kim HB. Protein interaction network related to Helicobacter pylori infection response. World J Gastroenterol 2009. [PMID: 19777610 DOI: 10.3748//wjg.15.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To understand the complex reaction of gastric inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) in a systematic manner using a protein interaction network. METHODS The expression of genes significantly changed on microarray during H pylori infection was scanned from the web literary database and translated into proteins. A network of protein interactions was constructed by searching the primary interactions of selected proteins. The constructed network was mathematically analyzed and its biological function was examined. In addition, the nodes on the network were checked to determine if they had any further functional importance or relation to other proteins by extending them. RESULTS The scale-free network showing the relationship between inflammation and carcinogenesis was constructed. Mathematical analysis showed hub and bottleneck proteins, and these proteins were mostly related to immune response. The network contained pathways and proteins related to H pylori infection, such as the JAK-STAT pathway triggered by interleukins. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, TLR4, and other proteins known to function as core proteins of immune response were also found. These immune-related proteins interacted on the network with pathways and proteins related to the cell cycle, cell maintenance and proliferation, and transcription regulators such as BRCA1, FOS, REL, and zinc finger proteins. The extension of nodes showed interactions of the immune proteins with cancer-related proteins. One extended network, the core network, a summarized form of the extended network, and cell pathway model were constructed. CONCLUSION Immune-related proteins activated by H pylori infection interact with proto-oncogene proteins. The hub and bottleneck proteins are potential drug targets for gastric inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Kwang Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, South Korea.
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Marchesi F, Martin AP, Thirunarayanan N, Devany E, Mayer L, Grisotto MG, Furtado GC, Lira SA. CXCL13 expression in the gut promotes accumulation of IL-22-producing lymphoid tissue-inducer cells, and formation of isolated lymphoid follicles. Mucosal Immunol 2009; 2:486-94. [PMID: 19741597 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL13 is overexpressed in the intestine during inflammation. To mimic this condition, we created transgenic mice-expressing CXCL13 in intestinal epithelial cells. CXCL13 expression promoted a marked increase in the number of B cells in the lamina propria and an increase in the size and number of lymphoid follicles in the small intestine. Surprisingly, these changes were associated with a marked increase in the numbers of RORgammat(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) and RORgammat(+)NKp46(+) cells. The RORgammat(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) cells expressed CXCR5, the receptor for CXCL13, and other markers of lymphoid tissue-inducer cells, such as LTalpha, LTbeta, and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE). RORgammat(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) gut LTi cells produced IL-22, a cytokine implicated in epithelial repair; and expressed the IL-23 receptor, a key regulator of IL-22 production. These results suggest that overexpression of CXCL13 in the intestine during inflammatory conditions favors mobilization of B cells and of LTi and NK cells with immunomodulatory and reparative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marchesi
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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