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Murgaš M, Unterholzner J, Stöhrmann P, Philippe C, Godbersen GM, Nics L, Reed MB, Vraka C, Vanicek T, Wadsak W, Kranz GS, Hahn A, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Baldinger-Melich P. Effects of bilateral sequential theta-burst stimulation on 5-HT 1A receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment-resistant depression: a proof-of-concept trial. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:33. [PMID: 36725835 PMCID: PMC9892572 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) represents a brain stimulation technique effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as underlined by meta-analyses. While the methodology undergoes constant refinement, bilateral stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) appears promising to restore left DLPFC hypoactivity and right hyperactivity found in depression. The post-synaptic inhibitory serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor, also occurring in the DLPFC, might be involved in this mechanism of action. To test this hypothesis, we performed PET-imaging using the tracer [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 including arterial blood sampling before and after a three-week treatment with TBS in 11 TRD patients compared to sham stimulation (n = 8 and n = 3, respectively). Treatment groups were randomly assigned, and TBS protocol consisted of excitatory intermittent TBS to the left and inhibitory continuous TBS to the right DLPFC. A linear mixed model including group, hemisphere, time, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score revealed a 3-way interaction effect of group, time, and HAMD on specific distribution volume (VS) of 5-HT1A receptor. While post-hoc comparisons showed no significant changes of 5-HT1A receptor VS in either group, higher 5-HT1A receptor VS after treatment correlated with greater difference in HAMD (r = -0.62). The results of this proof-of-concept trial hint towards potential effects of TBS on the distribution of the 5-HT1A receptor. Due to the small sample size, all results must, however, be regarded with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Stöhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Murray B Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Spurny-Dworak B, Godbersen GM, Reed MB, Unterholzner J, Vanicek T, Baldinger-Melich P, Hahn A, Kranz GS, Bogner W, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. The Impact of Theta-Burst Stimulation on Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Surface-Based MRSI Analysis Approach. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:913274. [PMID: 35909445 PMCID: PMC9328022 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.913274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) belongs to one of the biological antidepressant treatment options. When applied bilaterally, excitatory intermittent TBS (iTBS) is commonly targeted to the left and inhibitory continuous TBS (cTBS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. TBS was shown to influence neurotransmitter systems, while iTBS is thought to interfere with glutamatergic circuits and cTBS to mediate GABAergic neurotransmission. Objectives: We aimed to expand insights into the therapeutic effects of TBS on the GABAergic and glutamatergic system utilizing 3D-multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) in combination with a novel surface-based MRSI analysis approach to investigate changes of cortical neurotransmitter levels in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: Twelve TRD patients (five females, mean age ± SD = 35 ± 11 years) completed paired MRSI measurements, using a GABA-edited 3D-multivoxel MEGA-LASER sequence, before and after 3 weeks of bilateral TBS treatment. Changes in cortical distributions of GABA+/tNAA (GABA+macromolecules relative to total N-acetylaspartate) and Glx/tNAA (Glx = mixed signal of glutamate and glutamine), were investigated in a surface-based region-of-interest (ROI) analysis approach. Results: ANCOVAs revealed a significant increase in Glx/tNAA ratios in the left caudal middle frontal area (pcorr. = 0.046, F = 13.292), an area targeted by iTBS treatment. Whereas, contralateral treatment with cTBS evoked no alterations in glutamate or GABA concentrations. Conclusion: This study demonstrates surface-based adaptions in the stimulation area to the glutamate metabolism after excitatory iTBS but not after cTBS, using a novel surface-based analysis of 3D-MRSI data. The reported impact of facilitatory iTBS on glutamatergic neurotransmission provides further insight into the neurobiological effects of TBS in TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spurny-Dworak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Murray Bruce Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Rupert Lanzenberger Siegfried Kasper
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Rupert Lanzenberger Siegfried Kasper
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Gołyszny M, Zieliński M, Paul-Samojedny M, Filipczyk Ł, Pałasz A, Obuchowicz E. Escitalopram alters the hypothalamic OX system but does not affect its up-regulation induced by early-life stress in adult rats. Neurosci Res 2022; 180:58-71. [PMID: 35219722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that there is a relationship between the orexinergic system (OX) alterations and changes elicited by escitalopram or venlafaxine in adult rats subjected to maternal separation (MS). This animal model of childhood adversity induces long-lasting consequences in adult physiology and behavior. Male Wistar rats from the control and MS groups were injected with escitalopram or venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) IP from postnatal day (PND) 69-89. Adult rats were subjected to behavioral assessment, estimation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and analysis of the OX system (quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry) in the hypothalamus and amygdala. MS caused anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, endocrine stress-related response, and up-regulation of the OX system in the hypothalamus. Escitalopram, but not venlafaxine, increased the activity of hypothalamic OX system in the control rats and both drugs had no effect on OXs in the MS group. The disturbed signaling of the OX pathway may be significant for harmful long-term consequences of early-life stress. Our data show that the normal brain and brain altered by MS respond differently to escitalopram. Presumably, anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects of this drug do not depend on the activity of hypothalamic OX system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Gołyszny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 street, Katowice 40-752, Poland.
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 street, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 street, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 street, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 street, Katowice 40-752, Poland
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Escitalopram modulates learning content-specific neuroplasticity of functional brain networks. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118829. [PMID: 34923134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning-induced neuroplastic changes, further modulated by content and setting, are mirrored in brain functional connectivity (FC). In animal models, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to facilitate neuroplasticity. This is especially prominent during emotional relearning, such as fear extinction, which may translate to clinical improvements in patients. To investigate a comparable modulation of neuroplasticity in humans, 99 healthy subjects underwent three weeks of emotional (matching faces) or non-emotional learning (matching Chinese characters to unrelated German nouns). Shuffled pairings of the original content were subsequently relearned for the same time. During relearning, subjects received either a daily dose of the SSRI escitalopram or placebo. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after the (re-)learning phases. FC changes in a network comprising Broca's area, the medial prefrontal cortex, the right inferior temporal and left lingual gyrus were modulated by escitalopram intake. More specifically, it increased the bidirectional connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus for non-emotional and the connectivity from medial prefrontal cortex to Broca's area for emotional relearning. The context dependence of these effects together with behavioral correlations supports the assumption that SSRIs in clinical practice improve neuroplasticity rather than psychiatric symptoms per se. Beyond expanding the complexities of learning, these findings emphasize the influence of external factors on human neuroplasticity.
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Abdelwahab LA, Galal OO, Abd El-Rahman SS, El-Brairy AI, Khattab MM, El-Khatib AS. Targeting the oxytocin system to ameliorate early life depressive-like behaviors in maternally-separated rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1445-1457. [PMID: 34349049 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) - "the love hormone" - has been involved in the anti-depressant activity of some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The exact mechanism underlying the OXT pathway in depression is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of OXT analogue, carbetocin (CBT) and the SSRI, escitalopram (ESCIT) on depressive-like behaviors following maternal separation (MS). It is worthy to mention that intranasal CBT has been approved by FDA for Prader-Willi syndrome. Adolescent Wistar albino maternally-separated rats were given CBT, (100 μg/animal/day via inhalation route), and, ESCIT, (20 mg kg-1, po) either alone or in combination for 7 days. Repeated 3-h MS demonstrated increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and decreased locomotor activity in open field test. MS elevated plasma level of adrenocortico-trophic hormone (ACTH) but notably reduced plasma OXT, with no effect on hippocampal OXT-R expression. Following MS, hippocampal contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5HT1A-R), serotonin transporter (SERT) were increased. CBT and ESCIT corrected the behavioral dysfunction in FST and suppressed the high levels of ACTH. Additionally, both treatments boosted OXT level, reduced 5HT1A-R and normalized SERT contents, which reflects increased availability of serotonin. Finally, CBT markedly ameliorated the histopathological damage induced by MS and suppressed the increased glial fibrillary acidic protein. CBT and ESCIT manage depressive-like behavior by positively affecting serotonergic and oxytocinergic systems. Targeting OXT system -using CBT- ameliorated depressive like behaviors induced by maternal separation most probably via enhancing OXT plasma levels, attenuating hormonal ACTH and restoring the expression of hippocampal oxytocin and serotonin mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)
| | - Omneya O Galal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU)
| | | | - Amany I El-Brairy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)
| | - Mahmoud M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
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Molloy EN, Zsido RG, Piecha FA, Beinhölzl N, Scharrer U, Zheleva G, Regenthal R, Sehm B, Nikulin VV, Möller HE, Villringer A, Sacher J, Mueller K. Decreased thalamo-cortico connectivity during an implicit sequence motor learning task and 7 days escitalopram intake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15060. [PMID: 34301974 PMCID: PMC8302647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reorganize neural networks via a transient window of neuroplasticity. While previous findings support an effect of SSRIs on intrinsic functional connectivity, little is known regarding the influence of SSRI-administration on connectivity during sequence motor learning. To investigate this, we administered 20 mg escitalopram or placebo for 1-week to 60 healthy female participants undergoing concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging and sequence motor training in a double-blind randomized controlled design. We assessed task-modulated functional connectivity with a psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) analysis in the thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, dorsal premotor, primary motor, supplementary motor, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Comparing an implicit sequence learning condition to a control learning condition, we observed decreased connectivity between the thalamus and bilateral motor regions after 7 days of escitalopram intake. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between plasma escitalopram levels and PPI connectivity changes, with higher escitalopram levels being associated with greater thalamo-cortico decreases. Our results suggest that escitalopram enhances network-level processing efficiency during sequence motor learning, despite no changes in behaviour. Future studies in more diverse samples, however, with quantitative imaging of neurochemical markers of excitation and inhibition, are necessary to further assess neural responses to escitalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eóin N Molloy
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rachel G Zsido
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian A Piecha
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beinhölzl
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Scharrer
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gergana Zheleva
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harald E Möller
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods and Development Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité-Berlin University of Medicine and Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Sacher
- Emotion and Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods and Development Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Lewis CA, Mueller K, Zsido RG, Reinelt J, Regenthal R, Okon-Singer H, Forbes EE, Villringer A, Sacher J. A single dose of escitalopram blunts the neural response in the thalamus and caudate during monetary loss. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E319-E327. [PMID: 33904667 PMCID: PMC8327975 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show acute effects on the neural processes associated with negative affective bias in healthy people and people with depression. However, whether and how SSRIs also affect reward and punishment processing on a similarly rapid time scale remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of an acute and clinically relevant dose (20 mg) of the SSRI escitalopram on brain response during reward and punishment processing in 19 healthy participants. In a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study using functional MRI, participants performed a well-established monetary reward task at 3 time points: at baseline; after receiving placebo or escitalopram; and after receiving placebo or escitalopram following an 8-week washout period. RESULTS Acute escitalopram administration reduced blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during punishment feedback in the right thalamus (family-wise error corrected [FWE] p = 0.013 at peak level) and the right caudate head (pFWE = 0.011 at peak level) compared to placebo. We did not detect any significant BOLD changes during reward feedback. LIMITATIONS We included only healthy participants, so interpretation of findings are limited to the healthy human brain and require future testing in patient populations. The paradigm we used was based on monetary stimuli, and results may not be generalizable to other forms of reward. CONCLUSION Our findings extend theories of rapid SSRI action on the neural processing of rewarding and aversive stimuli and suggest a specific and acute effect of escitalopram in the punishment neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Lewis
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Karsten Mueller
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Rachel G Zsido
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Janis Reinelt
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Erika E Forbes
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Arno Villringer
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Julia Sacher
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
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8
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Wang XQ, Wang DQ, Bao YP, Liu JJ, Chen J, Wu SW, Luk HN, Yu L, Sun W, Yang Y, Wang XH, Lu L, Deng JH, Li SX. Preliminary Study on Changes of Sleep EEG Power and Plasma Melatonin in Male Patients With Major Depressive Disorder After 8 Weeks Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:736318. [PMID: 34867527 PMCID: PMC8632954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the effects of escitalopram on sleep EEG power in patients with Major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: Polysomnography (PSG) was detected overnight, and blood samples were collected at 4 h intervals over 24 h from 13 male healthy controls and 13 male MDD patients before and after treatment with escitalopram for 8 weeks. The outcome measures included plasma melatonin levels, sleep architecture, and the sleep EEG power ratio. Results: Compared with healthy controls, MDD patients presented abnormalities in the diurnal rhythm of melatonin secretion, including peak phase delayed 3 h and a decrease in plasma melatonin levels at night and an increase at daytime, accompanied by sleep disturbances, a decrease in low-frequency bands and an increase in high-frequency bands, and the dominant right-side brain activity. Several of these abnormalities (abnormalities in the diurnal rhythm of melatonin secretion, partial sleep architecture parameters) persisted for at least the 8-week testing period. Conclusions: Eight weeks of treatment with escitalopram significantly improved subjective sleep perception and depressive symptoms of patients with MDD, and partially improved objective sleep parameters, while the improvement of circadian rhythm of melatonin was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - De-Quan Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Wei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hsuan-Nu Luk
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lin Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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9
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Sex and the serotonergic underpinnings of depression and migraine. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:117-140. [PMID: 33008520 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most psychiatric disorders demonstrate sex differences in their prevalence and symptomatology, and in their response to treatment. These differences are particularly pronounced in mood disorders. Differences in sex hormone levels are among the most overt distinctions between males and females and are thus an intuitive underpinning for these clinical observations. In fact, treatment with estrogen and testosterone was shown to exert antidepressant effects, which underscores this link. Changes to monoaminergic signaling in general, and serotonergic transmission in particular, are understood as central components of depressive pathophysiology. Thus, modulation of the serotonin system may serve as a mechanism via which sex hormones exert their clinical effects in mental health disorders. Over the past 20 years, various experimental approaches have been applied to identify modes of influence of sex and sex hormones on the serotonin system. This chapter provides an overview of different molecular components of the serotonin system, followed by a review of studies performed in animals and in humans with the purpose of elucidating sex hormone effects. Particular emphasis will be placed on studies performed with positron emission tomography, a method that allows for human in vivo molecular imaging and, therefore, assessment of effects in a clinically representative context. The studies addressed in this chapter provide a wealth of information on the interaction between sex, sex hormones, and serotonin in the brain. In general, they offer evidence for the concept that the influence of sex hormones on various components of the serotonin system may serve as an underpinning for the clinical effects these hormones demonstrate.
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10
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Kious BM, Bakian AV. Evidence of new-onset depression among persons with migraine after discontinuing antidepressants. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:112990. [PMID: 32353695 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants have been hypothesized to cause tardive dysphoria-the delayed development of negative emotional symptoms. We assessed the risk of tardive dysphoria in a cohort of persons with migraine taking anti-migraine antidepressants with no known diagnosis of any mood or anxiety disorder. We included all outpatient encounters in a university hospital system for migraine from January 2008 through October 2018, excluding subjects with prior psychiatric diagnoses. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted. 13,048 subjects were included; 1191 took an antidepressant; 402 discontinued an antidepressant. In multivariable analyses examining the first year after exposure, antidepressant use was not significantly associated with risk of a depression, any mood disorder (including depression, mania, and other mood disorders), or anxiety. Antidepressant discontinuation was significantly associated with increased risk of depression, but not any mood disorder or anxiety. Among persons with migraine with no known psychiatric diagnosis, antidepressants did not appear to be associated with indicators of tardive dysphoria. Antidepressant discontinuation, however, was associated with increased risk of a depression diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Kious
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
| | - Amanda V Bakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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11
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Ousdal OT, Argyelan M, Narr KL, Abbott C, Wade B, Vandenbulcke M, Urretavizcaya M, Tendolkar I, Takamiya A, Stek ML, Soriano-Mas C, Redlich R, Paulson OB, Oudega ML, Opel N, Nordanskog P, Kishimoto T, Kampe R, Jorgensen A, Hanson LG, Hamilton JP, Espinoza R, Emsell L, van Eijndhoven P, Dols A, Dannlowski U, Cardoner N, Bouckaert F, Anand A, Bartsch H, Kessler U, Oedegaard KJ, Dale AM, Oltedal L. Brain Changes Induced by Electroconvulsive Therapy Are Broadly Distributed. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:451-461. [PMID: 31561859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is associated with volumetric enlargements of corticolimbic brain regions. However, the pattern of whole-brain structural alterations following ECT remains unresolved. Here, we examined the longitudinal effects of ECT on global and local variations in gray matter, white matter, and ventricle volumes in patients with major depressive disorder as well as predictors of ECT-related clinical response. METHODS Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were used to investigate changes in white matter, gray matter, and ventricle volumes before and after ECT in 328 patients experiencing a major depressive episode. In addition, 95 nondepressed control subjects were scanned twice. We performed a mega-analysis of single subject data from 14 independent GEMRIC sites. RESULTS Volumetric increases occurred in 79 of 84 gray matter regions of interest. In total, the cortical volume increased by mean ± SD of 1.04 ± 1.03% (Cohen's d = 1.01, p < .001) and the subcortical gray matter volume increased by 1.47 ± 1.05% (d = 1.40, p < .001) in patients. The subcortical gray matter increase was negatively associated with total ventricle volume (Spearman's rank correlation ρ = -.44, p < .001), while total white matter volume remained unchanged (d = -0.05, p = .41). The changes were modulated by number of ECTs and mode of electrode placements. However, the gray matter volumetric enlargements were not associated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ECT induces gray matter volumetric increases that are broadly distributed. However, gross volumetric increases of specific anatomically defined regions may not serve as feasible biomarkers of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine and Landschaftsverband Rheinland Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Max L Stek
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mardien L Oudega
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Kampe
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hanson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Louise Emsell
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Dols
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ute Kessler
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Ambrus L, Westling S. Leptin, Anxiety Symptoms, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity among Drug-Free, Female Suicide Attempters. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 78:145-152. [PMID: 31189176 DOI: 10.1159/000500737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of leptin secretion and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicide. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown interactions between the HPA axis and leptin. There is also evidence for a negative relationship between leptin and anxiety in humans. However, these possible associations have not been studied in individuals with attempted suicide. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between leptin, HPA axis activity, and anxiety in individuals with a recent suicide attempt. METHOD Sixty-nine individuals with a recent suicide attempt (n = 37 females; n = 32 males) were recruited and subjected to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), lumbar puncture, and evaluation with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale from which the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA) was derived. Leptin was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cortisol in serum. Leptin was corrected for body mass index (BMI) by dividing CSF-leptin by BMI (CSF-leptin/BMI). Due to gender-related differences in leptin secretion and HPA axis activity, calculations were made for males and females separately. RESULTS Significant differences were only found among females; CSF-leptin/BMI levels correlated significantly and negatively with BSA (p < 0.05), pre-DST cortisol, and post-DST serum cortisol at 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CSF-leptin/BMI was significantly lower in nonsuppressors of dexamethasone as compared to suppressors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in females with a recent suicide attempt, low CSF leptin may be related to symptoms of anxiety and a hyperactive HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ambrus
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Psychiatric Research Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Sofie Westling
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Psychiatric Research Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Making Sense of Connectivity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:194-207. [PMID: 30544240 PMCID: PMC6403091 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the assessment of local alterations of specific brain regions, the investigation of entire networks with in vivo neuroimaging techniques has gained increasing attention. In general, connectivity analysis refers to the investigation of links between brain regions, with the aim to characterize their interactions and information transfer. These may represent or relate to different physiological characteristics (structural, functional, or metabolic information) and can be calculated across different levels of granularity (2 regions vs whole brain). In this article, we provide an overview of different connectivity analysis approaches with interpretations and limitations as well as examples in pharmacological imaging and clinical applications. Structural connectivity obtained from diffusion MRI enables the reconstruction of neuronal fiber tracts. These physical links represent major constraints of functional connections, which are in turn defined as correlations between signal time courses. In addition, molecular connectivity approaches based on PET imaging enable the assessment of interregional associations of metabolic demands and neurotransmitter systems. Application of these approaches in clinical investigations has demonstrated novel alterations in various neurological and psychiatric disorders on a network level. Future work should aim for the combined assessment of multiple imaging modalities and to establish robust biomarkers for clinical use. These advancements will further improve the biological interpretation of connectivity metrics and networks of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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14
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Baldinger-Melich P, Gryglewski G, Philippe C, James GM, Vraka C, Silberbauer L, Balber T, Vanicek T, Pichler V, Unterholzner J, Kranz GS, Hahn A, Winkler D, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Kasper S, Frey R, Lanzenberger R. The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebral monoamine oxidase A expression in treatment-resistant depression investigated using positron emission tomography. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:714-723. [PMID: 30635228 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) constitutes one of the most effective antidepressant treatment strategies in major depression (MDD). Despite its common use and uncontested efficacy, its mechanism of action is still insufficiently understood. Previously, we showed that ECT is accompanied by a global decrease of serotonin-1A receptors in MDD; however, further studies to investigate the involvement of the serotonergic system in the mechanism of action of ECT are warranted. The monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) represents an important target for antidepressant treatments and was found to be increased in MDD. Here, we investigated whether ECT impacts on MAO-A levels in treatment-resistant patients (TRD). METHODS 16 TRD patients (12 female, age 45.94 ± 9.68 years, HAMD 25.12 ± 3.16) with unipolar depression according to DSM-IV were scanned twice before (PET1 and PET2, to assess test-retest variability under constant psychopharmacotherapy) and once after (PET3) completing a minimum of eight unilateral ECT sessions using positron emission tomography and the radioligand [11C]harmine to assess cerebral MAO-A distribution volumes (VT). Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HC) were measured once. RESULTS Response rate to ECT was 87.5%. MAO-A VT was found to be significantly reduced after ECT in TRD patients (-3.8%) when assessed in 27 a priori defined ROIs (p < 0.001). Test-retest variability between PET1 and PET2 was 3.1%. MAO-A VT did not significantly differ between TRD patients and HC at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The small effect size of the significant reduction of MAO-A VT after ECT in the range of test-retest variability does not support the hypothesis of a clinically relevant mechanism of action of ECT based on MAO-A. Furthermore, in contrast to studies reporting elevated MAO-A VT in unmedicated depressed patients, MAO-A levels were found to be similar in TRD patients and HC which might be attributed to the continuous antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the present sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory M James
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo Silberbauer
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Unterholzner
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Frey
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) PET, MRI, EEG, TMS and Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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15
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James GM, Gryglewski G, Vanicek T, Berroterán-Infante N, Philippe C, Kautzky A, Nics L, Vraka C, Godbersen GM, Unterholzner J, Sigurdardottir HL, Spies M, Seiger R, Kranz GS, Hahn A, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Bauer A, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex Based on Molecular Targets in the Serotonin System Quantified by Positron Emission Tomography In vivo. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:372-382. [PMID: 30357321 PMCID: PMC6294402 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parcellation of distinct areas in the cerebral cortex has a long history in neuroscience and is of great value for the study of brain function, specialization, and alterations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Analysis of cytoarchitectonical features has revealed their close association with molecular profiles based on protein density. This provides a rationale for the use of in vivo molecular imaging data for parcellation of the cortex with the advantage of whole-brain coverage. In the current work, parcellation was based on expression of key players of the serotonin neurotransmitter system. Positron emission tomography was carried out for the quantification of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A, n = 30) and 5-HT2A receptors (n = 22), the serotonin-degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A, n = 32) and the serotonin transporter (5-HTT, n = 24) in healthy participants. Cortical protein distribution maps were obtained using surface-based quantification. Based on k-means clustering, silhouette criterion and bootstrapping, five distinct clusters were identified as the optimal solution. The defined clusters proved of high explanatory value for the effects of psychotropic drugs acting on the serotonin system, such as antidepressants and psychedelics. Therefore, the proposed method constitutes a sensible approach towards integration of multimodal imaging data for research and development in neuropharmacology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M James
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen L Sigurdardottir
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Seiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil and Linalool Counteract Social Aversion Induced by Social Defeat. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102694. [PMID: 30347669 PMCID: PMC6222471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many vegetable extracts, essential oils, and their main constituents are active on the Central Nervous System (CNS). In fact, they have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, or tranquilizers for their activity in treating CNS disorders. In this research, we studied the possible activities of Lavandula angustifolia (LA) essential oil and of its main constituent, linalool, as anti-stress compounds on anxiety and social interaction and their in vitro effects on proteins (pERK and PKA) involved in the transmission of the signal. An acute intraperitoneal injection of linalool (100 mg/kg) and of LA essential oil (200 mg/kg) reduced motor activity without any anxiolytic effect, but significantly increased social interaction. Stressed mice, after being exposed to a social defeat encounter, showed heightened anxiety and social avoidance. Acute administration of LA essential oil blocked stress-induced anxiety, while linalool showed no effects. However, both compounds were capable of reversing social aversion, acting as antidepressant agents. Our results showed that linalool inhibits pERK and PKA expression in the SH-SY5Y cell, but no effect was detected with the LA essential oil. Therefore, the LA essential oil and linalool may be considered as useful alternative tools to the available traditional treatments for social stress-induced mental illnesses.
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17
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A Novel Alternative Splicing Mechanism That Enhances Human 5-HT1A Receptor RNA Stability Is Altered in Major Depression. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8200-8210. [PMID: 30093565 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0902-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is a key regulator of serotonergic activity and is implicated in mood and emotion. However, its post-transcriptional regulation has never been studied in humans. In the present study, we show that the "intronless" human 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) is alternatively spliced in its 3'-UTR, yielding two novel splice variants. These variants lack a ∼1.6 kb intron, which contains an microRNA-135 (miR135) target site. Unlike the human HTR1A, the mouse HTR1A lacks the splice donor/accepter sites. Thus, in the mouse HTR1A, splicing was not detected. The two spliced mRNAs are extremely stable, are resistant to miR135-induced downregulation, and have greater translational output than the unspliced variant. Moreover, alternative HTR1A RNA splicing is oppositely regulated by the splice factors PTBP1 and nSR100, which inhibit or enhance its splicing, respectively. In postmortem human brain tissue from both sexes, HTR1A mRNA splicing was prevalent and region-specific. Unspliced HTR1A was expressed more strongly in the hippocampus and midbrain versus the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and correlated with reduced levels of nSR100. Importantly, HTR1A RNA splicing and nSR100 levels were reduced in the PFC of individuals with major depression compared with controls. Our unexpected findings uncover a novel mechanism to regulate HTR1A gene expression through alternative splicing of microRNA sites. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to changes in regional and depression-related gene expression through alternative splicing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alternative splicing, which is prevalent in brain tissue, increases gene diversity. The serotonin-1A receptor gene (HTR1A) is a regulator of serotonin, which is implicated in mood and emotion. Here we show that human HTR1A RNA is alternately spliced. Splicing removes a microRNA site to generate ultrastable RNA and increase HTR1A expression. This splicing varies in different brain regions and is reduced in major depression. We also identify specific splice factors for HTR1A RNA, showing they are also reduced in depression. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism to regulate gene expression through splicing. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to depression by changing gene expression.
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18
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Moreno-Rius J. The cerebellum in fear and anxiety-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:23-32. [PMID: 29627508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety-related disorders are highly prevalent psychiatric conditions characterized by avoidant and fearful reactions towards specific stimuli or situations, which are disproportionate given the real threat such stimuli entail. These conditions comprise the most common mental disorder group. There are a high proportion of patients who fail to achieve remission and the presence of high relapse rates indicate the therapeutic options available are far from being fully efficient. Despite an increased understanding the neural circuits underlying fear and anxiety-related behaviors in the last decades, a factor that could be partially contributing to the lack of adequate therapies may be an insufficient understanding of the core features of the disorders and their associated neurobiology. Interestingly, the cerebellum shows connections with fear and anxiety-related brain areas and functional involvement in such processes, but explanations for its role in anxiety disorders are lacking. Therefore, the aims of this review are to provide an overview of the neural circuitry of fear and anxiety and its connections to the cerebellum, and of the animal studies that directly assess an involvement of the cerebellum in these processes. Then, the studies performed in patients suffering from anxiety disorders that explore the cerebellum will be discussed. Finally, we'll propose a function for the cerebellum in these disorders, which could guide future experimental approaches to the topic and lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety-related disorders, ultimately helping to develop more effective treatments for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Moreno-Rius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Komorowski A, James GM, Philippe C, Gryglewski G, Bauer A, Hienert M, Spies M, Kautzky A, Vanicek T, Hahn A, Traub-Weidinger T, Winkler D, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Association of Protein Distribution and Gene Expression Revealed by PET and Post-Mortem Quantification in the Serotonergic System of the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:117-130. [PMID: 27909009 PMCID: PMC5939202 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional differences in posttranscriptional mechanisms may influence in vivo protein densities. The association of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data from 112 healthy controls and gene expression values from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, based on post-mortem brains, was investigated for key serotonergic proteins. PET binding values and gene expression intensities were correlated for the main inhibitory (5-HT1A) and excitatory (5-HT2A) serotonin receptor, the serotonin transporter (SERT) as well as monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), using Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) in a voxel-wise and region-wise analysis. Correlations indicated a strong linear relationship between gene and protein expression for both the 5-HT1A (voxel-wise rs = 0.71; region-wise rs = 0.93) and the 5-HT2A receptor (rs = 0.66; 0.75), but only a weak association for MAO-A (rs = 0.26; 0.66) and no clear correlation for SERT (rs = 0.17; 0.29). Additionally, region-wise correlations were performed using mRNA expression from the HBT, yielding comparable results (5-HT1Ars = 0.82; 5-HT2Ars = 0.88; MAO-A rs = 0.50; SERT rs = -0.01). The SERT and MAO-A appear to be regulated in a region-specific manner across the whole brain. In contrast, the serotonin-1A and -2A receptors are presumably targeted by common posttranscriptional processes similar in all brain areas suggesting the applicability of mRNA expression as surrogate parameter for density of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Komorowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - G M James
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - G Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Hienert
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Spies M, James GM, Berroterán-Infante N, Ibeschitz H, Kranz GS, Unterholzner J, Godbersen M, Gryglewski G, Hienert M, Jungwirth J, Pichler V, Reiter B, Silberbauer L, Winkler D, Mitterhauser M, Stimpfl T, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Assessment of Ketamine Binding of the Serotonin Transporter in Humans with Positron Emission Tomography. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:145-153. [PMID: 29045739 PMCID: PMC5793827 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive description of ketamine's molecular binding profile becomes increasingly pressing as use in real-life patient cohorts widens. Animal studies attribute a significant role in the substance's antidepressant effects to the serotonergic system. The serotonin transporter is a highly relevant target in this context, because it is central to depressive pathophysiology and treatment. This is, to our knowledge, the first study investigating ketamine's serotonin transporter binding in vivo in humans. METHODS Twelve healthy subjects were assessed twice using [11C]DASB positron emission tomography. A total of 0.50 mg/kg bodyweight ketamine was administered once i.v. prior to the second positron emission tomography scan. Ketamine plasma levels were determined during positron emission tomography. Serotonin transporter nondisplaceable binding potential was computed using a reference region model, and occupancy was calculated for 4 serotonin transporter-rich regions (caudate, putamen, thalamus, midbrain) and a whole-brain region of interest. RESULTS After administration of the routine antidepressant dose, ketamine showed <10% occupancy of the serotonin transporter, which is within the test-retest variability of [11C]DASB. A positive correlation between ketamine plasma levels and occupancy was shown. CONCLUSIONS Measurable occupancy of the serotonin transporter was not detectable after administration of an antidepressant dose of ketamine. This might suggest that ketamine binding of the serotonin transporter is unlikely to be a primary antidepressant mechanism at routine antidepressant doses, as substances that facilitate antidepressant effects via serotonin transporter binding (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) show 70% to 80% occupancy. Administration of high-dose ketamine is widening. Based on the positive relationship we find between ketamine plasma levels and occupancy, there is a need for investigation of ketamine's serotonin transporter binding at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Ibeschitz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Marius Hienert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Wien ()
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21
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are some of the most common psychiatric disorders, with potentially debilitating consequences on individual function. Existing pharmacotherapies for anxiety disorders are limited by delay to therapeutic effect, dependence, tolerance, withdrawal, and abuse potential. Therefore, safe and evidence-based complementary or alternative therapies may be important allies in the care of patients with anxiety disorders. Essential oils are lipophilic and concentrated botanical extracts that exhibit many properties of drugs, although they are not Food and Drug Administration approved and have limitations characteristic of herbal preparations. Lavender essential oil has an extensive anecdotal history of anxiolytic benefit that has recently been supported by clinical efficacy studies. The 2 primary terpenoid constituents of lavender essential oil, linalool and linalyl acetate, may produce an anxiolytic effect in combination via inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels, reduction of 5HT1A receptor activity, and increased parasympathetic tone. The objectives of this article are to provide a brief overview of lavender oil in aromatherapy, explore variability in the constituents of lavender oil, summarize its pharmacology and safety profile, as well as describe its body of research that has been conducted for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Malcolm
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice & Administration, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California,
| | - Kimberly Tallian
- Psychiatry Pharmacy Specialist, Scripps Mercy Hospital, Hillcrest, California; Adjunct Clinical Professor, University of California at San Diego School of Pharmacy & Keck Graduate Institute School of Pharmacy, San Diego, California
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22
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Thompson JR, Valleau JC, Barling AN, Franco JG, DeCapo M, Bagley JL, Sullivan EL. Exposure to a High-Fat Diet during Early Development Programs Behavior and Impairs the Central Serotonergic System in Juvenile Non-Human Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:164. [PMID: 28785241 PMCID: PMC5519527 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption not only poses metabolic risks to offspring but also impacts brain development and mental health. Using a non-human primate model, we observed a persistent increase in anxiety in juvenile offspring exposed to a maternal HFD. Postweaning HFD consumption also increased anxiety and independently increased stereotypic behaviors. These behavioral changes were associated with modified cortisol stress response and impairments in the development of the central serotonin synthesis, with altered tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mRNA expression in the dorsal and median raphe. Postweaning HFD consumption decreased serotonergic immunoreactivity in area 10 of the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that perinatal exposure to HFD consumption programs development of the brain and endocrine system, leading to behavioral impairments associated with mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, an early nutritional intervention (consumption of the control diet at weaning) was not sufficient to ameliorate many of the behavioral changes, such as increased anxiety, that were induced by maternal HFD consumption. Given the level of dietary fat consumption and maternal obesity in developed nations these findings have important implications for the mental health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R. Thompson
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jeanette C. Valleau
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Ashley N. Barling
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Juliana G. Franco
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Madison DeCapo
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Bagley
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Elinor L. Sullivan,
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23
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Bandelow B, Baldwin D, Abelli M, Altamura C, Dell'Osso B, Domschke K, Fineberg NA, Grünblatt E, Jarema M, Maron E, Nutt D, Pini S, Vaghi MM, Wichniak A, Zai G, Riederer P. Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD - a consensus statement. Part I: Neuroimaging and genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:321-65. [PMID: 27403679 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1181783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Findings in biomarker research were reviewed by a task force of international experts in the field, consisting of members of the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Biological Markers and of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Anxiety Disorders Research Network. RESULTS The present article (Part I) summarises findings on potential biomarkers in neuroimaging studies, including structural brain morphology, functional magnetic resonance imaging and techniques for measuring metabolic changes, including positron emission tomography and others. Furthermore, this review reports on the clinical and molecular genetic findings of family, twin, linkage, association and genome-wide association studies. Part II of the review focuses on neurochemistry, neurophysiology and neurocognition. CONCLUSIONS Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high-quality research has accumulated that will improve our understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwin Bandelow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Göttingen , Germany
| | - David Baldwin
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Marianna Abelli
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Carlo Altamura
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Katharina Domschke
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- f Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust and University of Hertfordshire , Rosanne House, Parkway , Welwyn Garden City , UK
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany ;,g Neuroscience Center Zurich , University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,h Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,i Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Marek Jarema
- j Third Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Eduard Maron
- k North Estonia Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry , Tallinn , Estonia ;,l Department of Psychiatry , University of Tartu , Estonia ;,m Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College London , UK
| | - David Nutt
- m Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College London , UK
| | - Stefano Pini
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Matilde M Vaghi
- n Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge , UK
| | - Adam Wichniak
- j Third Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- n Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge , UK ;,o Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health , Toronto , Canada ;,p Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada ;,q Institute of Medical Science and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Peter Riederer
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany ;,g Neuroscience Center Zurich , University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,h Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
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Kaneko F, Kawahara Y, Kishikawa Y, Hanada Y, Yamada M, Kakuma T, Kawahara H, Nishi A. Long-Term Citalopram Treatment Alters the Stress Responses of the Cortical Dopamine and Noradrenaline Systems: the Role of Cortical 5-HT1A Receptors. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw026. [PMID: 27029212 PMCID: PMC5006198 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical dopamine and noradrenaline are involved in the stress response. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has direct and indirect effects on the serotonergic system. Furthermore, long-term treatment with citalopram affects the dopamine and noradrenaline systems, which could contribute to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. METHODS The effects of long-term treatment with citalopram on the responses of the dopamine and noradrenaline systems in the rat prefrontal cortex to acute handling stress were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS Acute handling stress increased dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the prefrontal cortex. The dopamine and noradrenaline responses were suppressed by local infusion of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 7-(Dipropylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol;hydrobromide, into the prefrontal cortex. The dopamine response was abolished by long-term treatment with citalopram, and the abolished dopamine response was reversed by local infusion of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-N-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexanecarboxamide into the prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, long-term treatment with citalopram reduced the basal noradrenaline levels (approximately 40% of the controls), but not the basal dopamine levels. The noradrenaline response was maintained despite the low basal noradrenaline levels. Signaling from the 5-HT1A receptors and α2-adrenoceptors was not involved in the decrease in the basal noradrenaline levels but partially affected the noradrenaline response. CONCLUSIONS Chronic citalopram treatment differentially suppresses the dopamine and noradrenaline systems in the prefrontal cortex, and the dopamine stress response was preferentially controlled by upregulating 5-HT1A receptor signaling. Our findings provide insight into how antidepressants modulate the dopamine and noradrenaline systems to overcome acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan (Ms Kaneko and Drs Kawahara, Kishikawa, Hanada, and Nishi); Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Yamada); Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Kakuma); Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan (Dr Kawahara).
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Sullivan EL, Riper KM, Lockard R, Valleau JC. Maternal high-fat diet programming of the neuroendocrine system and behavior. Horm Behav 2015; 76:153-61. [PMID: 25913366 PMCID: PMC4619177 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Maternal obesity, metabolic state, and diet during gestation have profound effects on offspring development. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders has risen rapidly in the last several decades in parallel with the rise in obesity rates. Evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that maternal obesity and metabolic complications increase the risk of offspring developing behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and schizophrenia. Animal models show that a maternal diet high in fat similarly disrupts behavioral programming of offspring, with animals showing social impairments, increased anxiety and depressive behaviors, reduced cognitive development, and hyperactivity. Maternal obesity, metabolic conditions, and high fat diet consumption increase maternal leptin, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory cytokines. This leads to increased risk of placental dysfunction, and altered fetal neuroendocrine development. Changes in brain development that likely contribute to the increased risk of behavioral and mental health disorders include increased inflammation in the brain, as well as alterations in the serotonergic system, dopaminergic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor L Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Kellie M Riper
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rachel Lockard
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeanette C Valleau
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
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26
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Kraehenmann R, Preller KH, Scheidegger M, Pokorny T, Bosch OG, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX. Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Correlates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:572-81. [PMID: 24882567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is a key structure in serotonergic emotion-processing circuits. In healthy volunteers, acute administration of the serotonin 1A/2A/2C receptor agonist psilocybin reduces neural responses to negative stimuli and induces mood changes toward positive states. However, it is little-known whether psilocybin reduces amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli and whether any change in amygdala reactivity is related to mood change. METHODS This study assessed the effects of acute administration of the hallucinogen psilocybin (.16 mg/kg) versus placebo on amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli in 25 healthy volunteers using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mood changes were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over design was used with volunteers counterbalanced to receive psilocybin and placebo in two separate sessions at least 14 days apart. RESULTS Amygdala reactivity to negative and neutral stimuli was lower after psilocybin administration than after placebo administration. The psilocybin-induced attenuation of right amygdala reactivity in response to negative stimuli was related to the psilocybin-induced increase in positive mood state. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that acute treatment with psilocybin decreased amygdala reactivity during emotion processing and that this was associated with an increase of positive mood in healthy volunteers. These findings may be relevant to the normalization of amygdala hyperactivity and negative mood states in patients with major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kraehenmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pokorny
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rivera HM, Christiansen KJ, Sullivan EL. The role of maternal obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:194. [PMID: 26150767 PMCID: PMC4471351 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that perinatal exposure to maternal obesity, metabolic disease, including diabetes and hypertension, and unhealthy maternal diet has a long-term impact on offspring behavior and physiology. During the past three decades, the prevalence of both obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders has rapidly increased. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence that maternal obesity and metabolic complications increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders (food addiction, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa), and impairments in cognition in offspring. Animal models of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity also document persistent changes in offspring behavior and impairments in critical neural circuitry. Animals exposed to maternal obesity and HFD consumption display hyperactivity, impairments in social behavior, increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, substance addiction, food addiction, and diminished cognition. During development, these offspring are exposed to elevated levels of nutrients (fatty acids, glucose), hormones (leptin, insulin), and inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin, and tumor necrosis factor). Such factors appear to permanently change neuroendocrine regulation and brain development in offspring. In addition, inflammation of the offspring brain during gestation impairs the development of neural pathways critical in the regulation of behavior, such as serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and melanocortinergic systems. Dysregulation of these circuits increases the risk of mental health disorders. Given the high rates of obesity in most developed nations, it is critical that the mechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring behavior are thoroughly characterized. Such knowledge will be critical in the development of preventative strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Rivera
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR, USA ; Department of Biology, University of Portland Portland, OR, USA
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de Almeida RMM, Cabral JCC, Narvaes R. Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates. Physiol Behav 2015; 143:121-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Holl AK, Grohmann R, Letmaier M, Painold A, Mörkl S, Toto S, Kasper S. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in German-speaking countries: current status and changes between 1994 and 2011. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:199-208. [PMID: 25138236 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, international treatment guidelines have been established for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, little is known as to whether the actual inpatient treatment follows these guidelines. The main goal of this study was to answer the question whether patients with anxiety disorder are treated according to treatment guidelines. A total of 2,573 psychiatric inpatients with the diagnosis of anxiety disorder (920 men, 1,653 women) were identified on the basis of the data of the international drug safety programme in psychiatry AMSP. Of these patients, 25.3% presented with phobia, 26.6% with panic disorder, 18.7% with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 29.4% with other diagnoses of anxiety. In all of the patients, 12.7% did not receive any psychotropic medication and 22.9% were not treated with antidepressants. Only 59.3% of patients with GAD, 73.9% of patients with panic disorder, and 52.1% of patients with phobia were treated according to diagnostic guidelines. The majority (60.3%) of all patients received one or two psychotropic drugs, and only 3.7% received five or more psychotropic drugs. In two groups of patients (one group with phobia and one with panic disorder), the annual prescription rate of antidepressants significantly increased over time. The prescription rate for anticonvulsants in patients with GAD increased from 0% in 1997 to 41.7% in 2011, and for antipsychotics, from 40.7% in 1997 to 47.2% in 2011. In particular, patients with GAD were commonly treated with antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Holl
- Department of Psychiatry, Graz Medical University, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Piszczek L, Piszczek A, Kuczmanska J, Audero E, Gross CT. Modulation of anxiety by cortical serotonin 1A receptors. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:48. [PMID: 25759645 PMCID: PMC4338812 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in the modulation of behavior across animal species. The serotonin 1A receptor (Htr1a) is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed both on serotonin and non-serotonin neurons in mammals. Mice lacking Htr1a show increased anxiety behavior suggesting that its activation by serotonin has an anxiolytic effect. This outcome can be mediated by either Htr1a population present on serotonin (auto-receptor) or non-serotonin neurons (hetero-receptor), or both. In addition, both transgenic and pharmacological studies have shown that serotonin acts on Htr1a during development to modulate anxiety in adulthood, demonstrating a function for this receptor in the maturation of anxiety circuits in the brain. However, previous studies have been equivocal about which Htr1a population modulates anxiety behavior, with some studies showing a role of Htr1a hetero-receptor and others implicating the auto-receptor. In particular, cell-type specific rescue and suppression of Htr1a expression in either forebrain principal neurons or brainstem serotonin neurons reached opposite conclusions about the role of the two populations in the anxiety phenotype of the knockout. One interpretation of these apparently contradictory findings is that the modulating role of these two populations depends on each other. Here we use a novel Cre-dependent inducible allele of Htr1a in mice to show that expression of Htr1a in cortical principal neurons is sufficient to modulate anxiety. Together with previous findings, these results support a hetero/auto-receptor interaction model for Htr1a function in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Piszczek
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Piszczek
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Joanna Kuczmanska
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Enrica Audero
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
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Baldinger P, Kraus C, Rami-Mark C, Gryglewski G, Kranz GS, Haeusler D, Hahn A, Spies M, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Rujescu D, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT1B genotype status enhances cerebral 5-HT1A receptor binding. Neuroimage 2015; 111:505-12. [PMID: 25652393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic neurotransmission is thought to underlie a dynamic interrelation between different key structures of the serotonin system. The serotonin transporter (SERT), which is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft into the neuron, as well as the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) and -1B (5-HT1B) receptors, inhibitory auto-receptors in the raphe region and projection areas, respectively, are likely to determine serotonin release. Thereby, they are involved in the regulation of extracellular serotonin concentrations and the extent of serotonergic effects in respective projection areas. Complex receptor interactions can be assessed in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, which are thought to alter protein expression levels. Due to the complexity of the serotonergic system, gene × gene interactions are likely to regulate transporter and receptor expression and therefore subsequently serotonergic transmission. In this context, we measured 51 healthy subjects (mean age 45.5 ± 12.9, 38 female) with PET using [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 to determine 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (5-HT1A BPND). Genotyping for rs6296 (HTR1B) and 5-HTTLPR (SERT gene promoter polymorphism) was performed using DNA isolated from whole blood. Voxel-wise whole-brain ANOVA revealed a positive interaction effect of genotype groups (5-HTTLPR: LL, LS+SS and HTR1B: rs6296: CC, GC+GG) on 5-HT1A BPND with peak t-values in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus. More specifically, highest 5-HT1A BPND was identified for individuals homozygous for both the L-allele of 5-HTTLPR and the C-allele of rs6296. This finding suggests that the interaction between two major serotonergic structures involved in serotonin release, specifically the SERT and 5-HT1B receptor, results in a modification of the inhibitory serotonergic tone mediated via 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Baldinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Rami-Mark
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Haeusler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Halle, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Baldinger P, Höflich AS, Mitterhauser M, Hahn A, Rami-Mark C, Spies M, Wadsak W, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Effects of Silexan on the serotonin-1A receptor and microstructure of the human brain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with molecular and structural neuroimaging. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu063. [PMID: 25522403 PMCID: PMC4360214 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Silexan, a patented active substance comprised of an essential oil produced from Lavandula angustifolia flowers, has been authorized in Germany as a medicinal product for the treatment of states of restlessness related to anxious mood. Its efficacy has been shown in several forms of anxiety disorders. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies attribute a major role to the serotonin-1A receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety. METHODS To elucidate the effect of Silexan on serotonin-1A receptor binding, 17 healthy men underwent 2 positron emission tomography measurements using the radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 following the daily intake of 160 mg Silexan or placebo for a minimum of 8 weeks (randomized, double-blind, cross-over design). Additionally, structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to determine potential effects on gray matter microstructure. RESULTS Serotonin-1A receptor binding potential was shown to be significantly reduced following the intake of Silexan compared with placebo in 2 large clusters encompassing the temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampus on one hand as well as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex on the other hand. No effects of Silexan on gray matter volume could be detected in this investigation. CONCLUSION This positron emission tomography study proposes an involvement of the serotonin-1A receptor in the anxiolytic effects of Silexan. The study was registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register as ISRCTN30885829 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Drs Baldinger, Höflich, Hahn, Spies, Lanzenberger and Kasper), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine (Drs Mitterhauser, Rami-Mark and Wadsak), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Sladky R, Spies M, Hoffmann A, Kranz G, Hummer A, Gryglewski G, Lanzenberger R, Windischberger C, Kasper S. (S)-citalopram influences amygdala modulation in healthy subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind fMRI study using dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 2014; 108:243-50. [PMID: 25536499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Citalopram and Escitalopram are gold standard pharmaceutical treatment options for affective, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. However, their neurophysiologic function on cortico-limbic circuits is incompletely characterized. Here we studied the neuropharmacological influence of Citalopram and Escitalopram on cortico-limbic regulatory processes by assessing the effective connectivity between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) applied to functional MRI data. We investigated a cohort of 15 healthy subjects in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design after 10days of Escitalopram (10mg/d (S)-citalopram), Citalopram (10mg/d (S)-citalopram and 10mg/d (R)-citalopram), or placebo. Subjects performed an emotional face discrimination task, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning at 3 Tesla. As hypothesized, the OFC, in the context of the emotional face discrimination task, exhibited a down-regulatory effect on amygdala activation. This modulatory effect was significantly increased by (S)-citalopram, but not (R)-citalopram. For the first time, this study shows that (1) the differential effects of the two enantiomers (S)- and (R)-citalopram on cortico-limbic connections can be demonstrated by modeling effective connectivity methods, and (2) one of their mechanisms can be linked to an increased inhibition of amygdala activation by the orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andre Hoffmann
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Allan Hummer
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Stein P, Baldinger P, Kaufmann U, Christina RM, Hahn A, Höflich A, Kranz GS, Savli M, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Winkler D, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Relation of progesterone and DHEAS serum levels to 5-HT1A receptor binding potential in pre- and postmenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 46:52-63. [PMID: 24882158 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical research and clinical experience point to a modulation of 5-HT1A receptor expression by gonadal steroid hormones. We examined the effect of estradiol, progesterone and DHEAS on serotonin neurotransmission in 16 premenopausal and 28 postmenopausal women, differentiating by reproductive status. By means of positron emission tomography and the radiotracer [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635, the 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) was quantified in 45 brain regions of interest. Median BP was used as a surrogate marker to estimate the whole brain effect of the steroid hormones on receptor binding. We found a strong negative effect of serum progesterone and DHEAS levels on 5-HT1A receptor binding in postmenopausal women both in the Median BP and on a regional level. Furthermore, there was a non-linear, U-shaped relationship between DHEAS levels and 5-HT1A receptor binding in the pooled sample. Presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor BP in the raphe nuclei was significantly explained in a non-linear way by both progesterone and DHEAS in the pooled sample. Our study confirms in humans a preclinically suggested relation of the steroid hormones progesterone and DHEAS to 5-HT1A receptor binding. We show differential effects of the hormones with regard to reproductive hormonal status. Non-linear, U-shaped relationships between hormone serum concentrations and serotonin neurotransmission might explain paradoxical effects of these hormones on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Pia Baldinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rami-Mark Christina
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Anna Höflich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Markus Savli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1).
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Valleau JC, Sullivan EL. The impact of leptin on perinatal development and psychopathology. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 61-62:221-32. [PMID: 24862904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leptin has long been associated with metabolism as it is a critical regulator of both food intake and energy expenditure, but recently, leptin dysregulation has been proposed as a mechanism of psychopathology. This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for leptin in mental health disorders and describes potential mechanisms that may underlie this association. Leptin plays a critical role in pregnancy and in fetal growth and development. Leptin's role and profile during development is examined in available human studies, and the validity of applying studies conducted in animal models to the human population are discussed. Rodents experience a postnatal leptin surge, which does not occur in humans or larger animal models. This suggests that further research using large mammal models, which have a leptin profile across pregnancy and development similar to humans, are of high importance. Maternal obesity and hyperleptinemia correlate with increased leptin levels in the umbilical cord, placenta, and fetus. Leptin levels are thought to impact fetal brain development; likely by activating proinflammatory cytokines that are known to impact many of the neurotransmitter systems that regulate behavior. Leptin is likely involved in behavioral regulation as leptin receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and leptin influences cortisol release, the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway, serotonin synthesis, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In humans, both high and low levels of leptin are reported to be associated with psychopathology. This inconsistency is likely due to differences in the metabolic state of the study populations. Leptin resistance, which occurs in the obese state, may explain how both high and low levels of leptin are associated with psychopathology, as well as the comorbidity of obesity with numerous mental illnesses. Leptin resistance is likely to influence disorders such as depression and anxiety where high leptin levels have been correlated with symptomatology. Schizophrenia is also associated with both low and high leptin levels. However, as anti-psychotics pharmacotherapy induces weight gain, which elevates leptin levels, drug-naïve populations are needed for further studies. Elevated circulating leptin is consistently found in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders and Rhett disorder. Further, studies on the impact of leptin and leptin resistance on psychopathology and neurodevelopmental disorders are important directions for future research. Studies examining the mechanisms by which exposure to maternal obesity and hyperleptinemia during fetal development impact brain development and behavior are critical for the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette C Valleau
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Biology, University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR, USA.
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Garcia-Garcia A, Tancredi AN, Leonardo ED. 5-HT(1A) [corrected] receptors in mood and anxiety: recent insights into autoreceptor versus heteroreceptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:623-36. [PMID: 24337875 PMCID: PMC3927969 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is intimately linked to anxiety and depression and a diverse body of evidence supports the involvement of the main inhibitory serotonergic receptor, the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) subtype, in both disorders. OBJECTIVES In this review, we examine the function of 5-HT(1A) receptor subpopulations and re-interpret our understanding of their role in mental illness in light of new data, separating both spatial (autoreceptor versus heteroreceptor) and the temporal (developmental versus adult) roles of the endogenous 5-HT(1A) receptors, emphasizing their distinct actions in mediating anxiety and depression-like behaviors. RESULTS It is difficult to unambiguously distinguish the effects of different populations of the 5-HT(1A) receptors with traditional genetic animal models and pharmacological approaches. However, with the advent of novel genetic systems and subpopulation-selective pharmacological agents, direct evidence for the distinct roles of these populations in governing emotion-related behavior is emerging. CONCLUSIONS There is strong and growing evidence for a functional dissociation between auto- and heteroreceptor populations in mediating anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, while it is well established that 5-HT(1A) receptors act developmentally to establish normal anxiety-like behaviors, the developmental role of 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors is less clear, and the specific mechanisms underlying the developmental role of each subpopulation are likely to be key elements determining mood control in adult subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. Box 87, New York, NY 10032
- Correspondence should be addressed to either AGG at or EDL at , Telephone: (001) 212-543-5266, Fax: (001) 212-543-5129
| | | | - E. David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. Box 87, New York, NY 10032
- Correspondence should be addressed to either AGG at or EDL at , Telephone: (001) 212-543-5266, Fax: (001) 212-543-5129
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Höflich A, Savli M, Comasco E, Moser U, Novak K, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Neuropsychiatric deep brain stimulation for translational neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2013; 79:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Rami-Mark C, Ungersboeck J, Haeusler D, Nics L, Philippe C, Mitterhauser M, Willeit M, Lanzenberger R, Karanikas G, Wadsak W. Reliable set-up for in-loop ¹¹C-carboxylations using Grignard reactions for the preparation of [carbonyl-¹¹C]WAY-100635 and [¹¹C]-(+)-PHNO. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 82:75-80. [PMID: 23974301 PMCID: PMC3842501 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this work was the implementation of a generalized in-loop synthesis for 11C-carboxylations and subsequent 11C-acylations on the TRACERlab FxC Pro platform. The set-up was tested using [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and, for the first time, [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Its general applicability could be demonstrated and both [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and [11C]-(+)-PHNO were prepared with high reliability and satisfying outcome. Generalized method for in-loop 11C-carboxylations implemented. Grignard reactions successfully tested. First in-loop procedure for [11C]-(+)PHNO established. Satisfactory synthesis outcome for both [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and [11C]-(+)PHNO. No distillation for purification of intermediate required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rami-Mark
- Radiochemistry and Biomarker Development Unit, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Fuss J, Vogt MA, Weber KJ, Burke TF, Gass P, Hensler JG. Hippocampal serotonin-1A receptor function in a mouse model of anxiety induced by long-term voluntary wheel running. Synapse 2013; 67:648-55. [PMID: 23505009 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that, in C57/Bl6 mice, long-term voluntary wheel running is anxiogenic, and focal hippocampal irradiation prevents the increase in anxiety-like behaviors and neurobiological changes in the hippocampus induced by wheel running. Evidence supports a role of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors in anxiety. Therefore, we investigated hippocampal binding and function of 5-HT1A receptors in this mouse model of anxiety. Four weeks of voluntary wheel running resulted in hippocampal subregion-specific changes in 5-HT1A receptor binding sites and function, as measured by autoradiography of [(3) H] 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin binding and agonist-stimulated binding of [(35) S]GTPγS to G proteins, respectively. In the dorsal CA1 region, 5-HT1A receptor binding and function were not altered by wheel running or irradiation. In the dorsal dentate gyrus and CA2/3 region, 5-HT1A receptor function was decreased by not only running but also irradiation. In the ventral pyramidal layer, wheel running resulted in a decrease of 5-HT1A receptor function, which was prevented by irradiation. Neither irradiation nor wheel running affected 5-HT1A receptors in medial prefrontal cortex or in the dorsal or median raphe nuclei. Our data indicate that downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor function in ventral pyramidal layer may play a role in anxiety-like behavior induced by wheel running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fuss
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiooncology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa F Burke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Peter Gass
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie G Hensler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
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Hesselgrave N, Parsey RV. Imaging the serotonin 1A receptor using [11C]WAY100635 in healthy controls and major depression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120004. [PMID: 23440462 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT) is widely used throughout the brain and known to play a role in many processes including emotion and brain development. Of the 15 subtypes of 5-HT receptors, the 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)) has been implicated in depression and suicide. Using the [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY100635 ([(11)C]WAY) ligand and positron emission tomography, we have studied the 5-HT(1A) receptor, first in a group of healthy controls, then in two separate groups of subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) (antidepressant exposed and not recently medicated), and, lastly, in a group of subjects remitted from MDD. All MDD subjects were medication-free at the time of scan. We found higher 5-HT(1A) binding potential (BP(F)) in MDD subjects not recently exposed to an antidepressant compared with controls and recently medicated MDD subjects; and higher BP(F) in subjects with the C(-1019)G promoter polymorphism. We replicated these findings in a novel cohort and reconciled our discrepant findings with other groups using alternate quantification techniques. We also reported higher BP(F) in subjects remitted from a major depressive episode than in controls. From this work, we proposed a temporal model in which 5-HT(1A) BP(F) may be a trait abnormality of MDD. To further explore the genetic components of MDD and utility of 5-HT(1A) imaging as a potential tool for biomarker or treatment response prediction, these findings should be replicated in a larger cohort using the [(11)C]CUMI-101 agonist tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hesselgrave
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10043, USA
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41
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Lanzenberger R, Baldinger P, Hahn A, Ungersboeck J, Mitterhauser M, Winkler D, Micskei Z, Stein P, Karanikas G, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Frey R. Global decrease of serotonin-1A receptor binding after electroconvulsive therapy in major depression measured by PET. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:93-100. [PMID: 22751491 PMCID: PMC3526726 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a potent therapy in severe treatment-refractory depression. Although commonly applied in psychiatric clinical routine since decades, the exact neurobiological mechanism regarding its efficacy remains unclear. Results from preclinical and clinical studies emphasize a crucial involvement of the serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT(1A)) in the mode of action of antidepressant treatment. This includes associations between treatment response and changes in 5-HT(1A) function and density by antidepressants. Further, alterations of the 5-HT(1A) receptor are consistently reported in depression. To elucidate the effect of ECT on 5-HT(1A) receptor binding, 12 subjects with severe treatment-resistant major depression underwent three positron emission tomography (PET) measurements using the highly selective radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY100635, twice before (test-retest variability) and once after 10.08±2.35 ECT sessions. Ten patients (~83%) were responders to ECT. The voxel-wise comparison of the 5-HT(1A) receptor binding (BP(ND)) before and after ECT revealed a widespread reduction in cortical and subcortical regions (P<0.05 corrected), except for the occipital cortex and the cerebellum. Strongest reductions were found in regions consistently reported to be altered in major depression and involved in emotion regulation, such as the subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (-27.5%), the orbitofrontal cortex (-30.1%), the amygdala (-31.8%), the hippocampus (-30.6%) and the insula (-28.9%). No significant change was found in the raphe nuclei. There was no significant difference in receptor binding in any region comparing the first two PET scans conducted before ECT. This PET study proposes a global involvement of the postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in the effect of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Nousen EK, Franco JG, Sullivan EL. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for the comorbidity between metabolic syndrome and mental health disorders. Neuroendocrinology 2013; 98:254-66. [PMID: 24080959 PMCID: PMC4121390 DOI: 10.1159/000355632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence and high comorbidity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mental health disorders (MHDs) have prompted investigation into the potential contributing mechanisms. There is a bidirectional association between MetS and MHDs including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Medication side effects and social repercussions are contributing environmental factors, but there are a number of shared underlying neurological and physiological mechanisms that explain the high comorbidity between these two disorders. Inflammation is a state shared by both disorders, and it contributes to disruptions of neuroregulatory systems (including the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neuropeptide Y systems) as well as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MetS in pregnant women also exposes the developing fetal brain to inflammatory factors that predispose the offspring to MetS and psychopathologies. Due to the shared nature of these conditions, treatment should address aspects of both mental health and metabolic disorders. Additionally, interventions that can interrupt the transfer of increased risk of the disorders to the next generation need to be developed. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Nousen
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Juliana G. Franco
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
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Albert PR. Transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A receptor: implications for mental illness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2402-15. [PMID: 22826341 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor is an abundant post-synaptic 5-HT receptor (heteroreceptor) implicated in regulation of mood, emotion and stress responses and is the major somatodendritic autoreceptor that negatively regulates 5-HT neuronal activity. Based on animal models, an integrated model for opposing roles of pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in anxiety and depression phenotypes and response to antidepressants is proposed. Understanding differential transcriptional regulation of pre- versus post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors could provide better tools for their selective regulation. This review examines the transcription factors that regulate brain region-specific basal and stress-induced expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor gene (Htr1a). A functional polymorphism, rs6295 in the Htr1a promoter region, blocks the function of specific repressors Hes1, Hes5 and Deaf1, resulting in increased 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression in animal models and humans. Its association with altered 5-HT(1A) expression, depression, anxiety and antidepressant response are related to genotype frequency in different populations, sample homogeneity, disease outcome measures and severity. Preliminary evidence from gene × environment studies suggests the potential for synergistic interaction of stress-mediated repression of 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors, and rs6295-induced upregulation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors. Targeted therapeutics to inhibit 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression and induce 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptor expression may ameliorate treatment of anxiety and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, , 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada , K1H 8M5.
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44
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Savli M, Bauer A, Mitterhauser M, Ding YS, Hahn A, Kroll T, Neumeister A, Haeusler D, Ungersboeck J, Henry S, Isfahani SA, Rattay F, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Normative database of the serotonergic system in healthy subjects using multi-tracer PET. Neuroimage 2012; 63:447-59. [PMID: 22789740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly diverse serotonergic system with at least 16 different receptor subtypes is implicated in the pathophysiology of most neuropsychiatric disorders including affective and anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, sleep disturbance, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction, suicidal behavior, schizophrenia, Alzheimer, etc. Alterations of the interplay between various pre- and postsynaptic receptor subtypes might be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. However, there is a lack of comprehensive in vivo values using standardized procedures. In the current PET study we quantified 3 receptor subtypes, including the major inhibitory (5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B)) and excitatory (5-HT(2A)) receptors, and the transporter (5-HTT) in the brain of healthy human subjects to provide a database of standard values. PET scans were performed on 95 healthy subjects (age=28.0 ± 6.9 years; 59% males) using the selective radioligands [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635, [(11)C]P943, [(18)F]altanserin and [(11)C]DASB, respectively. A standard template in MNI stereotactic space served for region of interest delineation. This template follows two anatomical parcellation schemes: 1) Brodmann areas including 41 regions and 2) AAL (automated anatomical labeling) including 52 regions. Standard values (mean, SD, and range) for each receptor and region are presented. Mean cortical and subcortical binding potential (BP) values were in good agreement with previously published human in vivo and post-mortem data. By means of linear equations, PET binding potentials were translated to post-mortem binding (provided in pmol/g), yielding 5.89 pmol/g (5-HT(1A)), 23.5 pmol/g (5-HT(1B)), 31.44 pmol/g (5-HT(2A)), and 11.33 pmol/g (5-HTT) being equivalent to the BP of 1, respectively. Furthermore, we computed individual voxel-wise maps with BP values and generated average tracer-specific whole-brain binding maps. This knowledge might improve our interpretation of the alterations taking place in the serotonergic system during neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Savli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Spindelegger C, Stein P, Wadsak W, Fink M, Mitterhauser M, Moser U, Savli M, Mien LK, Akimova E, Hahn A, Willeit M, Kletter K, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Light-dependent alteration of serotonin-1A receptor binding in cortical and subcortical limbic regions in the human brain. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13:413-22. [PMID: 22111663 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.630405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climate, in particular sunshine, influences mood and energy levels, creating a positive upswing of mood on bright, sunny days and negative downswing in cold, dark winter seasons. Higher serotonin transporter availability in healthy human subjects in times of lesser light exposure and lower serotonin levels have been shown in winter. METHODS We examined the light-dependent variations in serotonin-1A receptor binding in limbic regions in 36 drug-naive healthy human subjects. Receptor binding was quantified using positron emission tomography and the radioligand [carbonyl-¹¹C]WAY-100635. Binding potential values were related to the amount of individual exposure to sunlight (daily duration of sunshine) and global radiation (total light intensity). RESULTS We found a 20-30% lower serotonin-1A receptor binding in the group exposed to a lower amount of global light radiation. Partial correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the regional postsynaptic serotonin-1A receptor binding and global radiation accumulated over a period of 5 days. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal factors, such as daily amount of sunshine and global radiation, influence serotonin-1A receptor binding in limbic brain regions of healthy human subjects. Combined with recently demonstrated seasonal fluctuations in the serotonin transporter availability, our results underline the importance of seasonal factors in the regulation of the serotonergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Spindelegger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kraus C, Hahn A, Savli M, Kranz GS, Baldinger P, Höflich A, Spindelegger C, Ungersboeck J, Haeusler D, Mitterhauser M, Windischberger C, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Serotonin-1A receptor binding is positively associated with gray matter volume -- a multimodal neuroimaging study combining PET and structural MRI. Neuroimage 2012; 63:1091-8. [PMID: 22836176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models revealed that the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor modulates gray matter structure. However, there is a lack of evidence showing the relationship between 5-HT(1A) receptor concentration and gray matter in the human brain in vivo. Here, to demonstrate an association between the 5-HT(1A) receptor binding potential, an index for receptor concentration, and the local gray matter volume (GMV), an index for gray matter structure, we measured 35 healthy subjects with both positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that regional heteroreceptor binding was positively associated with GMV in distinctive brain regions such as the hippocampi and the temporal cortices in both hemispheres (R(2) values ranged from 0.308 to 0.503, p<0.05 cluster-level FDR-corrected). Furthermore, autoreceptor binding in the midbrain raphe region was positively associated with GMV in forebrain projection sites (R(2)=0.656, p=0.001). We also observed a broad range between 5-HT(1A) receptor binding and GMV. Given the congruence of altered 5-HT(1A) receptor concentrations and GMV reduction in depression or Alzheimer's disease as reported by numerous studies, these results might provide new insights towards understanding the mechanisms behind GMV alterations observed in these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Lanzenberger R, Kranz GS, Haeusler D, Akimova E, Savli M, Hahn A, Mitterhauser M, Spindelegger C, Philippe C, Fink M, Wadsak W, Karanikas G, Kasper S. Prediction of SSRI treatment response in major depression based on serotonin transporter interplay between median raphe nucleus and projection areas. Neuroimage 2012; 63:874-81. [PMID: 22828162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent mathematical models suggest restored serotonergic burst-firing to underlie the antidepressant effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), resulting from down-regulated serotonin transporters (SERT) in terminal regions. This mechanism possibly depends on the interregional balance between SERTs in the raphe nuclei and in terminal regions before treatment. To evaluate these hypotheses on a systems level in humans in vivo, we investigated SERT availability and occupancy longitudinally in patients with major depressive disorder using positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11C]DASB. Measurements were performed before and after a single oral dose, as well as after three weeks (mean 24.73±3.3 days) of continuous oral treatment with either escitalopram (10 mg/day) or citalopram (20 mg/day). Data were analyzed using voxel-wise linear regression and ANOVA to evaluate SERT binding, occupancy and binding ratios (SERT binding of the entire brain compared to SERT binding in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei) in relation to treatment outcome. Regression analysis revealed that treatment response was predicted by pre-treatment SERT binding ratios, i.e., SERT binding in key regions of depression including bilateral habenula, amygdala-hippocampus complex and subgenual cingulate cortex in relation to SERT binding in the median but not dorsal raphe nucleus (p<0.05 FDR-corrected). Similar results were observed in the direct comparison of responders and non-responders. Our data provide a first proof-of-concept for recent modeling studies and further underlie the importance of the habenula and subgenual cingulate cortex in the etiology of and recovery from major depression. These findings may indicate a promising molecular predictor of treatment response and stimulate new treatment approaches based on regional differences in SERT binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Combining escitalopram with gaboxadol provides no additional benefit in the treatment of patients with severe major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:715-25. [PMID: 22008735 DOI: 10.1017/s146114571100112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to compare the efficacy of escitalopram (20 mg/d) in combination with fixed doses of gaboxadol to escitalopram (20 mg) in the treatment of patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Adult patients were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of placebo (n=71), escitalopram (20 mg, n=140), escitalopram (20 mg)+gaboxadol (5 mg) (n=139), or escitalopram (20 mg)+gaboxadol (10 mg) (n=140). The pre-defined primary analysis of efficacy was an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of change from baseline to endpoint (week 8) in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score using last observation carried forward (LOCF). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean change from baseline in MADRS total score between the 20 mg escitalopram+10 mg gaboxadol group and the 20 mg escitalopram group [difference=-0.45 MADRS points (95% CI -2.5 to 1.6, p=0.6619, full analysis set (FAS), LOCF, ANCOVA)] at week 8. The mean treatment differences to placebo at week 8 were -5.6 (95% CI -8.0 to -3.1, p<0.0001) (20 mg escitalopram), -5.1 (95% CI -7.5 to -2.7, p<0.0001) (20 mg escitalopram+5 mg gaboxadol), and -6.0 (95% CI -8.4 to -3.6, p<0.0001) (20 mg escitalopram+10 mg gaboxadol). The most common adverse events reported in the active treatment groups for which the incidence was higher than that in the placebo group, comprised nausea, anxiety and insomnia. There were no clinically relevant efficacy differences between a combination of escitalopram and gaboxadol compared to escitalopram alone in the treatment of severe MDD. All active treatment groups were superior in efficacy to placebo and were well tolerated.
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Hahn A, Nics L, Baldinger P, Ungersböck J, Dolliner P, Frey R, Birkfellner W, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Karanikas G, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Combining image-derived and venous input functions enables quantification of serotonin-1A receptors with [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 independent of arterial sampling. Neuroimage 2012; 62:199-206. [PMID: 22579604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED image- derived input functions (IDIFs) represent a promising technique for a simpler and less invasive quantification of PET studies as compared to arterial cannulation. However, a number of limitations complicate the routine use of IDIFs in clinical research protocols and the full substitution of manual arterial samples by venous ones has hardly been evaluated. This study aims for a direct validation of IDIFs and venous data for the quantification of serotonin-1A receptor binding (5-HT(1A)) with [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 before and after hormone treatment. METHODS Fifteen PET measurements with arterial and venous blood sampling were obtained from 10 healthy women, 8 scans before and 7 after eight weeks of hormone replacement therapy. Image-derived input functions were derived automatically from cerebral blood vessels, corrected for partial volume effects and combined with venous manual samples from 10 min onward (IDIF+VIF). Corrections for plasma/whole-blood ratio and metabolites were done separately with arterial and venous samples. 5-HT(1A) receptor quantification was achieved with arterial input functions (AIF) and IDIF+VIF using a two-tissue compartment model. RESULTS Comparison between arterial and venous manual blood samples yielded excellent reproducibility. Variability (VAR) was less than 10% for whole-blood activity (p>0.4) and below 2% for plasma to whole-blood ratios (p>0.4). Variability was slightly higher for parent fractions (VARmax=24% at 5 min, p<0.05 and VAR<13% after 20 min, p>0.1) but still within previously reported values. IDIFs after partial volume correction had peak values comparable to AIFs (mean difference Δ=-7.6 ± 16.9 kBq/ml, p>0.1), whereas AIFs exhibited a delay (Δ=4 ± 6.4s, p<0.05) and higher peak width (Δ=15.9 ± 5.2s, p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed strong agreement for 5-HT(1A) binding as obtained with AIF and IDIF+VIF at baseline (R(2)=0.95), after treatment (R(2)=0.93) and when pooling all scans (R(2)=0.93), with slopes and intercepts in the range of 0.97 to 1.07 and -0.05 to 0.16, respectively. In addition to the region of interest analysis, the approach yielded virtually identical results for voxel-wise quantification as compared to the AIF. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fast metabolism of the radioligand, manual arterial blood samples can be substituted by venous ones for parent fractions and plasma to whole-blood ratios. Moreover, the combination of image-derived and venous input functions provides a reliable quantification of 5-HT(1A) receptors. This holds true for 5-HT(1A) binding estimates before and after treatment for both regions of interest-based and voxel-wise modeling. Taken together, the approach provides less invasive receptor quantification by full independence of arterial cannulation. This offers great potential for the routine use in clinical research protocols and encourages further investigation for other radioligands with different kinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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50
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Zhang L, Li W, Shu N, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, He Z, Hou C, Li Z, Liu J, Wang L, Duan L, Jiang T, Li L. Increased white matter integrity of posterior cingulate gyrus in the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2012; 24:34-42. [PMID: 25288457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Functional imaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown an increased activation of posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) of the brain. The aim of this study was to explore white matter integrity of PCG in PTSD subjects.Methods: White matter integrity, as determined from fractional anisotropy (FA) value using diffusion tensor imaging, was assessed for PCG in subjects with and without PTSD from a severe mine accident. All subjects were also measured by the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the logical memory subtest and the visual reproduction subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised in China. Sixteen PTSD subjects (8 subjects in each group) in the longitudinal study and 13 PTSD subjects as well as 14 non-PTSD controls in the cross-sectional case–control study were respectively recruited.Results: In the longitudinal study, subjects with PTSD showed increased FA values in left PCG during the follow-up scan. In the cross-sectional study, FA values in bilateral PCG in PTSD subjects were higher than controls. Within the PTSD group (n = 13), FA values in the left PCG correlated positively with logical memory and negatively with PCL-C intrusion and STAI-trait (STAI-t) subscores. FA values in right PCG correlated negatively with STAI-t and STAI-state subscores.Conclusion: These findings suggest that alterations of white matter integrity in PCG link to mnemonic and affective processing in PTSD over the long-term follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihui Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Shu
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Automation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Zheng
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital and Institute of the Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong He
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cailan Hou
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Automation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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