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Chen Z, Balachandran YL, Chong WP, Chan KWY. Roles of Cytokines in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5803. [PMID: 38891990 PMCID: PMC11171747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune system is a collection of immune cells, cytokines, and the glymphatic system that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Of particular focus are cytokines, a group of immune signaling molecules that facilitate communication among immune cells and contribute to inflammation in AD. Extensive research has shown that the dysregulated secretion of certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α) promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates neuronal damage in AD. However, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-33, and IL-35) are also secreted during AD onset and progression, thereby preventing neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD pathology and discusses their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (Y.L.B.)
| | - Yekkuni L. Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (Y.L.B.)
| | - Wai Po Chong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (Y.L.B.)
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Arora H, Javed B, Kutikuppala LVS, Chaurasia M, Khullar K, Kannan S, Golla V. ST2 levels and neurodegenerative diseases: is this a significant relation? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2812-2817. [PMID: 38694387 PMCID: PMC11060292 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), belonging to the interleukin-1 cytokine family, has a decoy receptor soluble ST2 (sST2). IL-33 is found in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and is involved in central nervous system healing and repair, whereas ST2 is found in microglia and astrocytes. Some studies have found a link between changes in the IL-33/ST2 pathway and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article investigates the relationship between the interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 pathway and neurodegenerative disorders. It was discovered that soluble st2 levels were increased. Furthermore, IL-33 levels were found to be lower in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The association with other disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), was also observed. Various studies suggest that ST2/IL-33 signalling may be pivotal in the disease modulation of neurodegenerative disorders. The serum sST2 level test can be useful in determining the inflammatory status and severity of illness in many neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss recent findings concerning the interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 pathway and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Arora
- Department of General Medicine, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Binish Javed
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi
| | | | - Mayuri Chaurasia
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan
| | | | - Shreevikaa Kannan
- Department of General Medicine Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Varshitha Golla
- Department of General Medicine, International School of Medicine (ISM), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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3
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Mamuladze T, Kipnis J. Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1290-1299. [PMID: 37429945 PMCID: PMC10616183 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research in neuroimmunology has revolutionized our understanding of the intricate interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS, an "immune-privileged organ", is now known to be intimately connected to the immune system through different cell types and cytokines. While type 2 immune responses have traditionally been associated with allergy and parasitic infections, emerging evidence suggests that these responses also play a crucial role in CNS homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Type 2 immunity encompasses a delicate interplay among stroma, Th2 cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s), mast cells, basophils, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25, TSLP and IL-33. In this review, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of type 2 immune cells and cytokines in CNS injury and homeostasis, cognition, and diseases such as tumors, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tornike Mamuladze
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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4
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Jia Z, Guo M, Ge X, Chen F, Lei P. IL-33/ST2 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1494. [PMID: 37892176 PMCID: PMC10605306 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 family and is localized in the nucleus. IL-33 is primarily composed of three distinct domains, namely the N-terminal domain responsible for nuclear localization, the intermediate sense protease domain, and the C-terminal cytokine domain. Its specific receptor is the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), which is detected in serum-stimulated fibroblasts and oncogenes. While most other cytokines are actively produced in cells, IL-33 is passively produced in response to tissue damage or cell necrosis, thereby suggesting its role as an alarm following cell infection, stress, or trauma. IL-33 plays a crucial role in congenital and acquired immunity, which assists in the response to environmental stress and maintains tissue homeostasis. IL-33/ST2 interaction further produces many pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, IL-33 is crucial for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CNS degenerative disorders. The present work summarizes the structure of IL-33, its fundamental activities, and its role in immunoregulation and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this work proposes that IL-33 may play a role in the pathogenic mechanism of diseases and can be used in the development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (Z.J.); (X.G.)
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mengtian Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China;
| | - Xintong Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (Z.J.); (X.G.)
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (Z.J.); (X.G.)
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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5
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Lau SF, Wu W, Wong HY, Ouyang L, Qiao Y, Xu J, Lau JHY, Wong C, Jiang Y, Holtzman DM, Fu AKY, Ip NY. The VCAM1-ApoE pathway directs microglial chemotaxis and alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1219-1236. [PMID: 37735240 PMCID: PMC10570140 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), sensome receptor dysfunction impairs microglial danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) clearance and exacerbates disease pathology. Although extrinsic signals, including interleukin-33 (IL-33), can restore microglial DAMP clearance, it remains largely unclear how the sensome receptor is regulated and interacts with DAMP during phagocytic clearance. Here, we show that IL-33 induces VCAM1 in microglia, which promotes microglial chemotaxis toward amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque-associated ApoE, and leads to Aβ clearance. We show that IL-33 stimulates a chemotactic state in microglia, characterized by Aβ-directed migration. Functional screening identified that VCAM1 directs microglial Aβ chemotaxis by sensing Aβ plaque-associated ApoE. Moreover, we found that disrupting VCAM1-ApoE interaction abolishes microglial Aβ chemotaxis, resulting in decreased microglial clearance of Aβ. In patients with AD, higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble VCAM1 were correlated with impaired microglial Aβ chemotaxis. Together, our findings demonstrate that promoting VCAM1-ApoE-dependent microglial functions ameliorates AD pathology.
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Grants
- This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0203000), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (the Collaborative Research Fund [C6027-19GF], the Theme-Based Research Scheme [T13-605/18W], and the General Research Fund [HKUST16103122]), the Areas of Excellence Scheme of the University Grants Committee (AoE/M-604/16), the Innovation and Technology Commission (InnoHK, and ITCPD/17-9), the Guangdong Provincial Key S&T Program Grant (2018B030336001); the Guangdong Provincial Fund for Basic and Applied Basic Research (2019B1515130004), the NSFC-RGC Joint Research Scheme (32061160472), the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fund (2019001 and 2019003), and the Fundamental Research Program of Shenzhen Virtual University Park (2021Szvup137).
- S.-F.L. is a recipient of the Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKUST PDFS2122-6S02).
- W.W. is a recipient of the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yi Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Ouyang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Hiu-Yan Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carlton Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Lau SF, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Receptor-ligand interaction controls microglial chemotaxis and amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Neurochem 2023; 166:891-903. [PMID: 37603311 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia maintain brain homeostasis through their ability to survey and phagocytose danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglial phagocytic clearance regulates the turnover of neurotoxic DAMPs including amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. To mediate DAMP clearance, microglia express a repertoire of surface receptors to sense DAMPs; the activation of these receptors subsequently triggers a chemotaxis-to-phagocytosis functional transition in microglia. Therefore, the interaction between microglial receptors and DAMPs plays a critical role in controlling microglial DAMP clearance and AD pathogenesis. However, there is no comprehensive overview on how microglial sensome receptors interact with DAMPs and regulate various microglial functions, including chemotaxis and phagocytosis. In this review, we discuss the important axes of receptor-ligand interaction that control different microglial functions and their roles in AD pathogenesis. First, we summarize how the accumulation and structural changes of DAMPs trigger microglial functional impairment, including impaired DAMP clearance and aberrant synaptic pruning, in AD. Then, we discuss the important receptor-ligand axes that restore microglial DAMP clearance in AD and aging. These findings suggest that targeting microglial chemotaxis-the first critical step of the microglial chemotaxis-to-phagocytosis state transition-can promote microglial DAMP clearance in AD. Thus, our review highlights the importance of microglial chemotaxis in promoting microglial clearance activity in AD. Further detailed investigations are essential to identify the molecular machinery that controls microglial chemotaxis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Carvalho D, Diaz-Amarilla P, Dapueto R, Santi MD, Duarte P, Savio E, Engler H, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:487-515. [PMID: 37318736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been classically studied from a purely neuronocentric point of view. More recent evidences support the notion that other cell populations are involved in disease progression. In this sense, the possible pathogenic role of glial cells like astrocytes is increasingly being recognized. Once faced with tissue damage signals and other stimuli present in disease environments, astrocytes suffer many morphological and functional changes, a process referred as reactive astrogliosis. Studies from murine models and humans suggest that these complex and heterogeneous responses could manifest as disease-specific astrocyte phenotypes. Clear understanding of disease-associated astrocytes is a necessary step to fully disclose neurodegenerative processes, aiding in the design of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this work, we present the transcriptomics characterization of neurotoxic astrocytic cultures isolated from adult symptomatic animals of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). According to the observed profile, 3xTg-AD neurotoxic astrocytes show various reactivity features including alteration of the extracellular matrix and release of pro-inflammatory and proliferative factors that could result in harmful effects to neurons. Moreover, these alterations could be a consequence of stress responses at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as of concomitant metabolic adaptations. Present results support the hypothesis that adaptive changes of astrocytic function induced by a stressed microenvironment could later promote harmful astrocyte phenotypes and further accelerate or induce neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 1800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan A Abin-Carriquiry
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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8
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Jiang T, Zheng T, Li W, Liu N, Wang M. IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 230:107773. [PMID: 37172376 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has potential relevance for clinical identification and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, eight databases (including CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science) were employed to search for studies on IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway and its association with AD. Totally, 15 articles were included, of which 5 studies investigated the connection between IL-33 gene polymorphisms and AD, 4 studies explored the serum IL-33 and sST2 levels in patients with AD and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the exact mechanisms underlying IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in AD were explored in 6 studies. Then, the RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis, and the related studies were systematically reviewed. The results of the meta-analysis showed that serum IL-33 levels were higher in patients with AD and MCI than in healthy controls (HC), with serum IL-33 levels in AD patients significantly higher than in MCI patients (SMD = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.51; P = 0.04). Compared with HC, the sST2 level was significantly higher in AD patients (SMD = 1.23, 95 % CI: 0.93, 1.53; P < 0.00001) and tended to elevate in patients with MCI. The systematic review indicated that there is a significant relationship between IL-33 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to AD; The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be one of the future treatment targets for AD. Our study provides evidence to prove that serum IL-33 and sST2 have potential clinical application value as biomarkers for identifying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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9
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Boraschi D, Italiani P, Migliorini P, Bossù P. Cause or consequence? The role of IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128190. [PMID: 37223102 PMCID: PMC10200871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and receptors of the IL-1 family are key mediators in innate immune and inflammatory reactions in physiological defensive conditions, but are also significantly involved in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Here, we will address the role of cytokines of the IL-1 superfamily and their receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Notably, several members of the IL-1 family are present in the brain as tissue-specific splice variants. Attention will be devoted to understanding whether these molecules are involved in the disease onset or are effectors of the downstream degenerative events. We will focus on the balance between the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and inhibitory cytokines and receptors, in view of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-psychobiology, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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10
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Fu WY, Ip NY. The role of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease in synaptic dysfunction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:3-12. [PMID: 35918217 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Due to the extended global life expectancy, the prevalence of AD is increasing among aging populations worldwide. While AD is a multifactorial disease, synaptic dysfunction is one of the major neuropathological changes that occur early in AD, before clinical symptoms appear, and is associated with the progression of cognitive deterioration. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to this synaptic dysfunction remains unclear. Recent large-scale genomic analyses have identified more than 40 genetic risk factors that are associated with AD. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of these genes in synaptogenesis and synaptic functions under physiological conditions, and how their functions are dysregulated in AD. This will provide insights into the contributions of these encoded proteins to synaptic dysfunction during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
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11
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Karahan H, Smith DC, Kim B, McCord B, Mantor J, John SK, Al-Amin MM, Dabin LC, Kim J. The effect of Abi3 locus deletion on the progression of Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102530. [PMID: 36895556 PMCID: PMC9988916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetics studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified the ABI3 gene as a candidate risk gene for AD. Because ABI3 is highly expressed in microglia, the brain's immune cells, it was suggested that ABI3 might impact AD pathogenesis by regulating the immune response. Recent studies suggest that microglia have multifaceted roles in AD. Their immune response and phagocytosis functions can have beneficial effects in the early stages of AD by clearing up amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. However, they can be harmful at later stages due to their continuous inflammatory response. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of genes in microglia functions and their impact on AD pathologies along the progression of the disease. To determine the role of ABI3 at the early stage of amyloid pathology, we crossed Abi3 knock-out mice with the 5XFAD Aβ-amyloidosis mouse model and aged them until 4.5-month-old. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the Abi3 locus increased Aβ plaque deposition, while there was no significant change in microgliosis and astrogliosis. Transcriptomic analysis indicates alterations in the expression of immune genes, such as Tyrobp, Fcer1g, and C1qa. In addition to the transcriptomic changes, we found elevated cytokine protein levels in Abi3 knock-out mouse brains, strengthening the role of ABI3 in neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that loss of ABI3 function may exacerbate AD progression by increasing Aβ accumulation and inflammation starting from earlier stages of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Karahan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Daniel C. Smith
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brianne McCord
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jordan Mantor
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sutha K. John
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Md Mamun Al-Amin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Luke C. Dabin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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12
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Tan YJ, Siow I, Saffari SE, Ting SKS, Li Z, Kandiah N, Tan LCS, Tan EK, Ng ASL. Plasma Soluble ST2 Levels Are Higher in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Associated with Poorer Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:573-580. [PMID: 36776067 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressor of tumorgenicity 2 (ST2) is highly expressed in brain tissue and is a receptor for interleukin 33 (IL-33). ST2 exists in two forms, a transmembrane receptor (ST2L) and a soluble decoy receptor (sST2). IL-33 binds to ST2L, triggering downstream signaling pathways involved in amyloid plaque clearance. Conversely, sST2 binds competitively to IL-33, attenuating its neuroprotective effects. High sST2 levels have been reported in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate plasma sST2 levels in controls and patients with MCI, AD, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Plasma sST2 levels were measured using ELISA in 397 subjects (91 HC, 46 MCI, 38 AD, 28 FTD, and 194 PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sST2 were measured in 22 subjects. Relationship between sST2 and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Plasma sST2 levels were increased across all disease groups compared to controls, with highest levels seen in FTD followed by AD and PD. Dementia patients with higher sST2 had lower cross-sectional cognitive scores in Frontal Assessment Battery and Digit Span Backward. At baseline, PD-MCI patients had higher sST2, associated with worse attention. In the longitudinal PD cohort, higher sST2 significantly associated with decline in global cognition and visuospatial domains. Plasma sST2 levels correlated with CSF sST2 levels. CONCLUSION Plasma sST2 is raised across neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with poorer cognition. Higher baseline sST2 is a potential biomarker of disease severity in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jayne Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Isabel Siow
- Ministry of Health Holdings, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon K S Ting
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Zeng Li
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Unit, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Adeline S L Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Unit, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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13
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Li S, Liu H, Qian Y, Jiang L, Liu S, Liu Y, Liu C, Gu X. IL-33/ST2 axis promotes remodeling of the extracellular matrix and drives protective microglial responses in the mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109479. [PMID: 36446234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery induce cognitive impairment via uncertain mechanisms. Increasing evidence has suggested that microglial activity mediated by IL-33 /ST2 plays a critical role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. Yet, the implications for microglia activity mediated by IL-33 in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are not well established. We showed that IL-33 and ST2 were downregulated in the hippocampus after anesthesia and surgery, and the expression of aggrecan, remodeling by microglia, was upregulated. Meanwhile, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and M1-like microglia marker (iNOS) increased, and the expression of M2-like microglia marker (CD206) decreased. Notably, the administration of IL-33 attenuated neuroinflammation and shifted the polarization of microglia in the hippocampus after anesthesia and surgery. Furthermore, IL-33 treatment rescued the increase of aggrecan, loss of dendritic spines, and impairment of LTP, improving cognitive performance. In conclusion, our study suggests that microglia activity mediated by IL-33/ST2 plays a vital role in cognitive impairments after anesthesia and surgery, which may serve as a therapeutic target for PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhao Jiang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cihang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Liu Y, Si ZZ, Zou CJ, Mei X, Li XF, Luo H, Shen Y, Hu J, Li XX, Wu L. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: from mechanisms to clinical applications. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:708-715. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in mental health. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 35224555 PMCID: PMC8855986 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and thirty years after lymphoid and myeloid cells were discovered, in 2008, the researchers presented to the scientific community the population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) identified in humans and mice. Human ILC subsets were first identified in secondary lymphoid tissues and subsequently reported in the intestine, lung, liver, skin, and meninges. ILCs (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and ILCreg) subgroups present plastic properties concerning cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators present in the microenvironment. ILC1s were characterized by their ability to produce interferon (IFN)-γ. ILC2s have a function in innate and adaptive type 2 inflammation by producing effector cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13. Meningeal ILC2s were activated in an IL-33-dependent mechanism releasing type-2 cytokines and demonstrating that ILC2s proliferate in reaction to IL-33 activation. ILC3s have been discovered as a significant contribution to the homeostasis of the gut barrier and as a source of IL-22. IL-22 presents a pleiotropic activity reinforcing the gut barrier immunity by stimulating anti-microbial peptide synthesis and promoting microbial regulation. Additionally, ILCs can have a pathogenic or protective effect on many disorders, and further research is needed to determine what elements influence the nature of their actions in diverse situations. The narrative review summarizes the role of the ILCs in mental health.
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Li Q, Zhao Y, Shi C, Song X. IL-33 Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Hippocampal Inflammation and Upregulating Excitatory Synaptic Number in Aged Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091244. [PMID: 36138980 PMCID: PMC9496788 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR), a postoperative complication that occurs in elderly patients, still lacks effective treatment. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been proved to modulate neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity, among other effects, but the role of IL-33 in dNCR is not clear. We established a dNCR model in aged mice by laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. Cognition was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) and fear conditioning test (FCT). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the density of IL-33 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) co-localization, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) co-localization in the hippocampus. IL-33, GFAP, vGlut1 and PSD95 were tested by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-10. Surgery/anesthesia reduced the level of IL-33 in the hippocampus. Intraperitoneal injection of 200 ng IL-33 per mouse significantly decreased the latency to the platform and increased the number of platform crossings and the target quadrant dwell time in MWM, while increasing the freezing time in the context test of FCT. Furthermore, IL-33 inhibited microglial activation and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β while upregulating the markers of excitatory synapses vGlut1 and PSD95. Our findings indicated that IL-33 improved cognition by inhibiting the hippocampal inflammatory response and upregulating the number of excitatory synapses. Therefore, IL-33 is a potential drug for the treatment of dNCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanchuan Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuemin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Rao X, Hua F, Zhang L, Lin Y, Fang P, Chen S, Ying J, Wang X. Dual roles of interleukin-33 in cognitive function by regulating central nervous system inflammation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:369. [PMID: 35974336 PMCID: PMC9382782 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of an aging society, the incidence of dementia is increasing, resulting in a vast burden on society. It is increasingly acknowledged that neuroinflammation is implicated in various neurological diseases with cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system infections. As an important neuroinflammatory factor, interleukin-33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in various tissues and cells in the mammalian brain, where it plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of central nervous system conditions. Reams of previous studies have shown that IL-33 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, playing dual roles in the progression of diseases linked to cognitive impairment by regulating the activation and polarization of immune cells, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. This article will summarize the current findings on the effects IL-33 exerts on cognitive function by regulating neuroinflammation, and attempt to explore possible therapeutic strategies for cognitive disorders based on the adverse and protective mechanisms of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shoulin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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18
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Shao LT, Luo L, Qiu JH, Deng DYB. PTH (1-34) enhances the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines expression on OA chondrocyte repair in vitro. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:96. [PMID: 35488245 PMCID: PMC9052609 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during the treatment of cartilage damage have been proven to be attributed to paracrine mechanisms, particularly the effect of exosomes. Exosomes from different batches are inhomogeneous, and different treatment effects are observed between samples. The purpose of this research was to find more effective and homogeneous exosomes for the repair of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA). We observed the potential effects and possible mechanisms of exosomes derived from parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34)-preconditioned BMSCs (ExoPTH) in the alleviation of OA. Materials and methods Exosomes derived from BMSCs (ExoBMSC) and ExoPTH were isolated by differential centrifugation. Primary rat chondrocytes were used to establish the OA model by interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in vitro. The effects of these two types of exosomes on OA chondrocyte proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation were measured and compared. We observed changes in IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels via Western blotting (WB), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR). Results We successfully extracted ExoBMSC and ExoPTH and established an IL-1β-induced OA model in primary chondrocytes from rats. Our study showed that IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels increased significantly in OA chondrocytes; however, both ExoBMSC and ExoPTH reduced the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, ExoPTH exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects. ExoPTH had a more marked effect on proliferation, migration, and production of the extracellular matrix (Col-II) in OA chondrocytes than ExoBMSC at 24 h. Conclusion ExoPTH increased the migration, proliferation, and chondral matrix formation of OA chondrocytes in vitro. In OA chondrocyte therapy, the potential mechanism of ExoPTH might involve the inhibition of production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although the two types of exosomes had some similar effects, most effects of ExoPTH were better than those of ExoBMSC, so ExoPTH may have a better ability to alleviate OA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02778-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Shao
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie-Hong Qiu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Y B Deng
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Clare AJ, Liu J, Copland DA, Theodoropoulou S, Dick AD. Unravelling the therapeutic potential of IL-33 for atrophic AMD. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:266-272. [PMID: 34531552 PMCID: PMC8807696 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative disease affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors in the macula, is the leading cause of central blindness in the elderly. AMD progresses to advanced stages of the disease, atrophic AMD (aAMD), or in 15% of cases "wet" or neovascular AMD (nAMD), associated with substantial vision loss. Whilst there has been advancement in therapies treating nAMD, to date, there are no licenced effective treatments for the 85% affected by aAMD, with disease managed by changes to diet, vitamin supplements, and regular monitoring. AMD has a complex pathogenesis, involving highly integrated and common age-related disease pathways, including dysregulated complement/inflammation, impaired autophagy, and oxidative stress. The intricacy of AMD pathogenesis makes therapeutic development challenging and identifying a target that combats the converging disease pathways is essential to provide a globally effective treatment. Interleukin-33 is a cytokine, classically known for the proinflammatory role it plays in allergic disease. Recent evidence across degenerative and inflammatory disease conditions reveals a diverse immune-modulatory role for IL-33, with promising therapeutic potential. Here, we will review IL-33 function in disease and discuss the future potential for this homeostatic cytokine in treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Clare
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jian Liu
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A. Copland
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sofia Theodoropoulou
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.439257.e0000 0000 8726 5837NIHR Biomedical Research Centre of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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20
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Xia Q, Thompson JA, Koestler DC. pwrBRIDGE: a user-friendly web application for power and sample size estimation in batch-confounded microarray studies with dependent samples. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2022; 21:sagmb-2022-0003. [PMID: 36215429 PMCID: PMC9550194 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Batch effect Reduction of mIcroarray data with Dependent samples usinG Empirical Bayes (BRIDGE) is a recently developed statistical method to address the issue of batch effect correction in batch-confounded microarray studies with dependent samples. The key component of the BRIDGE methodology is the use of samples run as technical replicates in two or more batches, "bridging samples", to inform batch effect correction/attenuation. While previously published results indicate a relationship between the number of bridging samples, M, and the statistical power of downstream statistical testing on the batch-corrected data, there is of yet no formal statistical framework or user-friendly software, for estimating M to achieve a specific statistical power for hypothesis tests conducted on the batch-corrected data. To fill this gap, we developed pwrBRIDGE, a simulation-based approach to estimate the bridging sample size, M, in batch-confounded longitudinal microarray studies. To illustrate the use of pwrBRIDGE, we consider a hypothetical, longitudinal batch-confounded study whose goal is to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression-associated genes from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to AD in human blood after a 5-year follow-up. pwrBRIDGE helps researchers design and plan batch-confounded microarray studies with dependent samples to avoid over- or under-powered studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
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21
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Cayrol C. IL-33, an Alarmin of the IL-1 Family Involved in Allergic and Non Allergic Inflammation: Focus on the Mechanisms of Regulation of Its Activity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010107. [PMID: 35011670 PMCID: PMC8750818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an alarm signal that is released upon tissue or cellular injury. IL-33 plays a central role in the initiation and amplification of type 2 innate immune responses and allergic inflammation by activating various target cells expressing its ST2 receptor, including mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Depending on the tissue environment, IL-33 plays a wide variety of roles in parasitic and viral host defense, tissue repair and homeostasis. IL-33 has evolved a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control its activity, including nuclear sequestration and proteolytic processing. It is involved in many diseases, including allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of severe asthma. In this review, I will summarize the literature around this fascinating pleiotropic cytokine. In the first part, I will describe the basics of IL-33, from the discovery of interleukin-33 to its function, including its expression, release and signaling pathway. The second part will be devoted to the regulation of IL-33 protein leading to its activation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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22
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Role of IL-33/ST2 Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Disorderss. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of IL-1 family of cytokines, produced constitutively by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. IL-33 can be released passively from cells during tissue damage and cell necrosis, suggesting that it may act as an alarmin. Function of IL-33 is mediated by its interaction with ST2 molecule that is expressed on many immune cells: Th2 lymphocytes, NK, NKT and mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and granulocytes. IL-33/ST2 pathway plays, often dual, roles in different physiological and inflammatory processes, mediating both, pathological immune responses and tissue repair. Expression of IL-33 in the central nervous system (CNS) is significantly enhanced during various pathological processes, indicating its important role in the pathogenesis of neurological inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review the biological features, expression of IL-33 and its ligand ST2 in CNS, and the role of IL- 33/ST2 pathway in development of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis are discussed.
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Najafi M, Amini R, Maghsood AH, Fallah M, Foroughi-Parvar F. Co Expression of GMFβ, IL33, CCL2 and SDF1 Genes in the Acute Stage of Toxoplasmosis in Mice Model and Relation for Neuronal Impairment. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:426-434. [PMID: 34630588 PMCID: PMC8476739 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that migrates through macrophages or dendritic cells to neurons and nerve cells. Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) is a pre-inflammatory protein that is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). GMFβ expression is related to IL33 and CCL2 and SDF1 in some neurodegenerative diseases. According to the importance of GMFβ in neurodegenerative diseases and its association with IL33, CCL2 and SDF1 genes, this study was designed to determine the level of expression of these genes in the brains of mice with acute toxoplasmosis. Methods Tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strains were injected to 5 Swiss Albino mice. At the same time, healthy mice were inoculated with the Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Their brains were removed and kept at -70 °C in order to RNA extraction, cDNA syntheses and Real Time PCR performance. The level of gene expression was investigated with SYBR Green Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results GMFβ gene expression increased significantly (P=0.003) 3.26 fold in Toxoplasma infected mice in comparison to the control. GMFβ gene expression was associated with increased expression level of IL33, CCL2, and SDF1 genes. Conclusion Considering the prominent role of GMFβ in CNS as well as the immune system, the elevation of GMFβ, IL33, CCL2 and SDF1 genes expression in the early stage of toxoplasmosis is associated with the occurrence of neuropathological alterations. Detection of these genes as an indication of brain damage in the early stages of Toxoplasma infection can prevent neurodegenerative disorders following acquired toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Najafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fallah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Faeze Foroughi-Parvar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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24
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Potential associations between immune signaling genes, deactivated microglia, and oligodendrocytes and cortical gray matter loss in patients with long-term remitted Cushing's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105334. [PMID: 34225183 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare and severe endocrine disease characterized by hypercortisolemia. Previous studies have found structural brain alterations in remitted CD patients compared to healthy controls, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, potential mechanisms through which these persistent alterations may have occurred are currently unknown. METHODS Structural 3T MRI's from 25 remitted CD patients were linked with gene expression data from neurotypical donors, derived from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Differences in gene expression between the ACC and an unaffected control cortical region were examined, followed by a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. A cell type enrichment analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed genes, and a disease association enrichment analysis was conducted to determine possible associations between differentially expressed genes and specific diseases. Subsequently, cortisol sensitivity of these genes in existing datasets was examined. RESULTS The gene expression analysis identified 300 differentially expressed genes in the ACC compared to the cortical control region. GO analyses found underexpressed genes to represent immune function. The cell type specificity analysis indicated that underexpressed genes were enriched for deactivated microglia and oligodendrocytes. Neither significant associations with diseases, nor evidence of cortisol sensitivity with the differentially expressed genes were found. DISCUSSION Underexpressed genes in the ACC, the area vulnerable to permanent changes in remitted CD patients, were often associated with immune functioning. The specific lack of deactivated microglia and oligodendrocytes implicates protective effects of these cell types against the long-term effects of cortisol overexposure.
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Yeung SSH, Ho YS, Chang RCC. The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1251-1267. [PMID: 34489558 PMCID: PMC8492689 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research into meningeal lymphatics has revealed a never-before appreciated role of type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in modulating neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, the role of ILC2-mediated inflammation in the periphery has been well studied. However, the exact distribution of ILC2s in the CNS and therefore their putative role in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) remain highly elusive. Here, we review the current evidence of ILC2-mediated modulation of neuroinflammatory cues (i.e., IL-33, IL-25, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, TNFα, and CXCL16-CXCR6) within the CNS, highlight the distribution of ILC2s in both the periphery and CNS, and discuss some challenges associated with cell type-specific targeting that are important for therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of ILC2s in mediating and responding to inflammatory cues may provide valuable insight into potential therapeutic strategies for many dementia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Sin-Hang Yeung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
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26
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Wang Y, Fu AKY, Ip NY. IL-33/ST2 Signaling Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Homeostasis in the Adult Hippocampal Circuitry. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1125-1130. [PMID: 34297618 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to neuronal activity changes, the adult hippocampal circuits undergo continuous synaptic remodeling, which is essential for information processing, learning, and memory encoding. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, actively regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity by coordinating the neuronal activity-induced synaptic changes at the circuit level. Emerging evidence suggests that the crosstalk between neurons and glia in the adult hippocampus is region specific and that the mechanisms controlling this process are critically dependent on secreted factors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is a key factor that modulates such glia-driven neuromodulations in two distinct hippocampal circuits. The activation of IL-33 and its receptor complex is important for maintaining the excitatory synaptic activity in the cornu ammonis 1 subregion and the remodeling of dentate gyrus synapses through activity-dependent astrocyte-synapse and microglia-synapse interactions, respectively. Meanwhile, the dysregulation of this signaling is implicated in multiple neurological disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. Further investigations of how IL-33/ST2 signaling is regulated in a region-specific manner as well as its diverse functions in glia-synapse communications in the adult hippocampal circuitry will provide insights into the nature of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Lou Y. Role of Interleukin33 in Rejuvenation of Aged Neurons and Age-Related Dementias. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211030251. [PMID: 34350399 PMCID: PMC8293850 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common age-related dementia, and its etiology remains unclear. Recent studies have linked abnormal neuronal aging to LOAD. Neurons are non-proliferative, and thus, majority of aged neurons must be rejuvenated through repairing or eliminating damaged molecules to regain their healthy status and functionalities. We discovered a surge of oxidative stress in neurons at middle age in mice. A rapid upregulation of neuronal rejuvenation is vital, while astrocyte-expressed interleukin33 (IL33), an IL1-like cytokine, is critical for this process. Thus, IL33-deficiency cripples the neuronal rejuvenation mechanisms, such as repairing DNA double strand breaks, eliminating damaged molecules by autophagy or by glymphatic drainage. IL33-deficient mice develop tau deposition and age-related dementia following a path similar to LOAD. We hypothesize that any interferences on IL33-initiated rejuvenation process for aged neurons after middle life is a potential risk for LOAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahuan Lou
- Department of Diagnostic Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Emre C, Do KV, Jun B, Hjorth E, Alcalde SG, Kautzmann MAI, Gordon WC, Nilsson P, Bazan NG, Schultzberg M. Age-related changes in brain phospholipids and bioactive lipids in the APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:116. [PMID: 34187579 PMCID: PMC8244172 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained brain chronic inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes glial cell activation, an increase in cytokines and chemokines, and lipid mediators (LMs), concomitant with decreased pro-homeostatic mediators. The inflammatory response at the onset of pathology engages activation of pro-resolving, pro-homeostatic LMs followed by a gradual decrease. We used an APP knock-in (App KI) AD mouse that accumulates β-amyloid (Aβ) and presents cognitive deficits (at 2 and 6 months of age, respectively) to investigate LMs, their precursors, biosynthetic enzymes and receptors, glial activation, and inflammatory proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 2-, 4-, 8- and 18-month-old in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice. We used LC-mass-spectrometry and MALDI molecular imaging to analyze LMs and phospholipids, and immunochemistry for proteins. Our results revealed an age-specific lipid and cytokine profile, and glial activation in the App KI mice. Despite an early onset of Aβ pathology, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving LMs were prominently increased only in the oldest age group. Furthermore, the LM biosynthetic enzymes increased, and their receptor expression decreased in the aged App KI mice. Arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phospholipid molecular species were elevated, correlating with decreased cPLA2 activity. MALDI molecular imaging depicted differential distribution of phospholipids according to genotype in hippocampal layers. Brain histology disclosed increased microglia proliferation starting from young age in the App KI mice, while astrocyte numbers were enhanced in older ages. Our results demonstrate that the brain lipidome is modified preferentially during aging as compared to amyloid pathology in the model studied here. However, alterations in phospholipids signal early pathological changes in membrane composition.
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Iwaszko M, Wielińska J, Świerkot J, Kolossa K, Sokolik R, Bugaj B, Chaszczewska-Markowska M, Jeka S, Bogunia-Kubik K. IL-33 Gene Polymorphisms as Potential Biomarkers of Disease Susceptibility and Response to TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631603. [PMID: 34177886 PMCID: PMC8226138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) belong to inflammatory rheumatic diseases, the group of conditions of unknown etiology. However, a strong genetic component in their pathogenesis has been well established. A dysregulation of cytokine networks plays an important role in the development of inflammatory arthritis. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family. To date, the significance of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis has been poorly studied. This research aimed to investigate the potential of IL-33 gene polymorphisms to serve as biomarkers for disease susceptibility and TNF inhibitor response in RA, AS, and PsA patients. Materials and Methods In total, 735 patients diagnosed with RA, AS, and PsA and 229 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-33 gene, namely, rs16924159 (A/G), rs10975519 (T/C), and rs7044343 (C/T), was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification employing LightSNiP assays. Results In the present study, the IL-33 rs10975519 CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk of developing RA in females, while the IL-33 rs16924159 polymorphism was associated with the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy and clinical parameters for RA and AS patients. The IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype correlated with higher disease activity and worse clinical outcomes in RA patients treated with TNF inhibitors, and AS patients carrying the IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype had higher disease activity and a worse response to anti-TNF therapy. That indicates a deleterious role of the IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype in the context of RA, as well as AS. Conclusions The obtained results suggest that IL-33 gene polymorphisms might be potential candidate biomarkers of disease susceptibility and anti-TNF treatment response in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Iwaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wielińska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Świerkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolossa
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Sokolik
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bugaj
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jeka
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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30
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Sun Y, Wen Y, Wang L, Wen L, You W, Wei S, Mao L, Wang H, Chen Z, Yang X. Therapeutic Opportunities of Interleukin-33 in the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654626. [PMID: 34079543 PMCID: PMC8165230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is involved in various diseases. IL-33 exerts its effects via its heterodimeric receptor complex, which comprises suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that IL-33/ST2 signaling plays diverse but crucial roles in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infection, trauma, and ischemic stroke. In the current review, we focus on the functional roles and cellular signaling mechanisms of IL-33 in the CNS and evaluate the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendong You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Lau SF, Chen C, Fu WY, Qu JY, Cheung TH, Fu AKY, Ip NY. IL-33-PU.1 Transcriptome Reprogramming Drives Functional State Transition and Clearance Activity of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107530. [PMID: 32320664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of microglial clearance activity contributes to beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the transcriptome profile of microglia directs microglial functions, how the microglial transcriptome can be regulated to alleviate AD pathology is largely unknown. Here, we show that injection of interleukin (IL)-33 in an AD transgenic mouse model ameliorates Aβ pathology by reprogramming microglial epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles to induce a microglial subpopulation with enhanced phagocytic activity. These IL-33-responsive microglia (IL-33RMs) express a distinct transcriptome signature that is highlighted by increased major histocompatibility complex class II genes and restored homeostatic signature genes. IL-33-induced remodeling of chromatin accessibility and PU.1 transcription factor binding at the signature genes of IL-33RM control their transcriptome reprogramming. Specifically, disrupting PU.1-DNA interaction abolishes the microglial state transition and Aβ clearance that is induced by IL-33. Thus, we define a PU.1-dependent transcriptional pathway that drives the IL-33-induced functional state transition of microglia, resulting in enhanced Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Congping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
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32
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Lau SF, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Cytokine signaling convergence regulates the microglial state transition in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4703-4712. [PMID: 33847763 PMCID: PMC8195901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analyses have revealed the pivotal contribution of microglial dysfunctions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Along AD progression, the accumulation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau continuously stimulates microglia, which results in their chronic activation. Chronically activated microglia secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, which further regulate microglial responses towards DAMPs. This has spurred longstanding interest in targeting cytokine-induced microglial responses for AD therapeutic development. However, the cytokine-induced microglial state transition is not comprehensively understood. Cytokines are assumed to induce microglial state transition from a resting state to an activated state. However, recent evidence indicate that this microglial state transition involves multiple sequential functional states. Moreover, the mechanisms by which different functional states within the cytokine-induced microglial state transition regulate AD pathology remain unclear. In this review, we summarize how different cytokine signaling pathways, including those of IL-33 (interleukin-33), NLRP3 inflammasome-IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12/IL-23, regulate microglial functions in AD. Furthermore, we discuss how the modulation of these cytokine signaling pathways can result in beneficial outcomes in AD. Finally, we describe a stepwise functional state transition of microglia induced by cytokine signaling that can provide insights into the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of cytokine modulation in AD and potentially aid therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
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33
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Wang Y, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Instructive roles of astrocytes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity: neuronal activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms. FEBS J 2021; 289:2202-2218. [PMID: 33864430 PMCID: PMC9290076 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the adult hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is important for information processing, learning, and memory encoding. Astrocytes, the most common glial cells, play a pivotal role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. While astrocytes were initially described as a homogenous cell population, emerging evidence indicates that in the adult hippocampus, astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and can differentially respond to changes in neuronal activity in a subregion‐dependent manner to actively modulate synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize how local neuronal activity changes regulate the interactions between astrocytes and synapses, either by modulating the secretion of gliotransmitters and synaptogenic proteins or via contact‐mediated signaling pathways. In turn, these specific responses induced in astrocytes mediate the interactions between astrocytes and neurons, thus shaping synaptic communication in the adult hippocampus. Importantly, the activation of astrocytic signaling is required for memory performance including memory acquisition and recall. Meanwhile, the dysregulation of this signaling can cause hippocampal circuit dysfunction in pathological conditions, resulting in cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Indeed, reactive astrocytes, which have dysregulated signaling associated with memory, are induced in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic mouse model of AD. Emerging technologies that can precisely manipulate and monitor astrocytic signaling in vivo enable the examination of the specific actions of astrocytes in response to neuronal activity changes as well as how they modulate synaptic connections and circuit activity. Such findings will clarify the roles of astrocytes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
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Ramezani F, Babaie F, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi FS, Gowhari-Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ezzatifar F, Mohammadi H. The Role of the IL-33/ST2 Immune Pathway in Autoimmunity: New Insights and Perspectives. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1060-1086. [PMID: 33522348 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1878212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of IL-1 cytokine family, is produced by various immune cells and acts as an alarm to alert the immune system after epithelial or endothelial cell damage during cell necrosis, infection, stress, and trauma. The biological functions of IL-33 largely depend on its ligation to the corresponding receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). The pathogenic roles of this cytokine have been implicated in several disorders, including allergic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancers. However, alerted levels of IL-33 may result in either disease amelioration or progression. Genetic variations of IL33 gene may confer protective or susceptibility risk in the onset of autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the involvement of IL-33 and ST2 in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune rheumatic, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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An Aging-Related Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated With Altered Clinical Outcomes and Distinct Inflammatory Profiles in Aged Blunt Trauma Patients. Shock 2021; 53:146-155. [PMID: 31318836 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of individual genetic determinants of aging to the adverse clinical outcomes and altered inflammation mediator networks characteristic of aged trauma patients is unknown. The AA genotype of the aging-related single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2075650 in TOMM40 has been associated with longevity, while the AG and GG genotypes are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease. Here, we studied the effect of rs2075650 on clinical outcomes and dynamic biomarker patterns after traumatic injury. Genomic DNA was obtained from blunt trauma patients admitted to the ICU and examined for 551,839 SNPs using an Illumina microarray kit. Plasma was sampled from each patient three times within the first 24 h and daily from day 1 to 7 then assayed for 31 biomarkers using Luminex. Aged patients (65-90 years) were segregated into AA (n = 77) and AG/GG (n = 17) genotypes. Additional comparisons were made with matched groups of young patients (18-30 years), controlling for injury severity score (ISS) and sex ratio, and also segregated into AA (n = 56) and AG/GG (n = 19) genotypes. Aged patients with the AA genotype had a significantly lower requirement for ventilation and fewer days on mechanical ventilation, as well as significantly higher levels of one mediator and lower levels of two mediators. Dynamic Bayesian Network inference revealed IL-23 as a central node in each network regardless of age or genotype, with MIG and IP-10 also as key mediators in the networks of the aged patients. These findings suggest that an aging-related SNP, rs2075650, may influence clinical outcomes and inflammation networks in aged patients following blunt trauma, and thus may serve as a predictive outcome biomarker in the setting of polytrauma.
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Requirement of brain interleukin33 for aquaporin4 expression in astrocytes and glymphatic drainage of abnormal tau. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5912-5924. [PMID: 33432186 PMCID: PMC8273186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Defective aquaporin4 (AQP4)-mediated glymphatic drainage has been linked to tauopathy and amyloid plaque in Alzheimer's disease. We now show that brain interleukin33 (IL33) is required for regulation of AQP4 expression in astrocytes, especially those at neuron-facing membrane domain (n-AQP4). First, IL33-deficient (Il33-/-) mice showed a loss of n-AQP4 after middle age, which coincided with a rapid accumulation of abnormal tau in neurons and a reduction in drainage of abnormal tau to peripheral tissues. Second, injection of recombinant IL33 induced robust expression of AQP4 at perivascular endfoot (p-AQP4) of astrocytes, but not n-AQP4, in Il33-/- brains. Although the increased p-AQP4 greatly accelerated drainage of intracerebroventricularly injected peptides, it did not substantially accelerate drainage of abnormal tau. These results suggest that p-AQP4 drives overall convective flow toward perivenous space, i.e., glymphatics, whereas n-AQP4 may generate an aqueous flow away from neurons to remove neuronal wastes, e.g., abnormal tau. We have previously shown the role of brain IL33 in DNA repair and autophagy in neurons with oxidative stress. Now, we show that IL33 deficiency also impairs glymphatic drainage. Defects in those mechanisms together may lead to chronic neurodegeneration and tauopathy at old age in IL33-deficient mice.
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Astrocyte-secreted IL-33 mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2020810118. [PMID: 33443211 PMCID: PMC7817131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus is important for learning and memory formation. In particular, homeostatic synaptic plasticity enables neurons to restore their activity levels in response to chronic neuronal activity changes. While astrocytes modulate synaptic functions via the secretion of factors, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that suppression of hippocampal neuronal activity increases cytokine IL-33 release from astrocytes in the CA1 region. Activation of IL-33 and its neuronal ST2 receptor complex promotes functional excitatory synapse formation. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling is important for the neuronal activity blockade-induced increase of CA1 excitatory synapses in vivo and spatial memory formation. This study suggests that astrocyte-secreted IL-33 acts as a negative feedback control signal to regulate hippocampal homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a specific form of synaptic plasticity that is induced upon prolonged changes in neuronal activity to maintain network homeostasis. While astrocytes are important regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity, it is largely unclear how they interact with neurons to regulate synaptic plasticity at the circuit level. Here, we show that neuronal activity blockade selectively increases the expression and secretion of IL-33 (interleukin-33) by astrocytes in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion. This IL-33 stimulates an increase in excitatory synapses and neurotransmission through the activation of neuronal IL-33 receptor complex and synaptic recruitment of the scaffold protein PSD-95. We found that acute administration of tetrodotoxin in hippocampal slices or inhibition of hippocampal CA1 excitatory neurons by optogenetic manipulation increases IL-33 expression in CA1 astrocytes. Furthermore, IL-33 administration in vivo promotes the formation of functional excitatory synapses in hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas conditional knockout of IL-33 in CA1 astrocytes decreases the number of excitatory synapses therein. Importantly, blockade of IL-33 and its receptor signaling in vivo by intracerebroventricular administration of its decoy receptor inhibits homeostatic synaptic plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons and impairs spatial memory formation in mice. These results collectively reveal an important role of astrocytic IL-33 in mediating the negative-feedback signaling mechanism in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, providing insights into how astrocytes maintain hippocampal network homeostasis.
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JCAD expression and localization in human blood endothelial cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05121. [PMID: 33083606 PMCID: PMC7550929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Junctional Cadherin 5 Associated (JCAD) is an endothelial, cell-cell junction protein, and its expression is associated with cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, to date, there are few studies confirming JCAD expression and precise localization in human tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Methods JCAD expression and localization was assessed in four human submandibular gland (SMG) specimens by immunohistochemical staining. One specimen of SMG with sialoadenitis was accompanied by severe inflammation and fibrosis, while the other was largely normal. Other two SMGs were accompanied by severe fibrosis because of irradiation. Results Immunohistochemical analysis of human SMGs revealed JCAD localization at the blood endothelial cell-cell junctions. JCAD expression was more evident in microvessels and arteries in areas affected by inflammation. Conclusions The localization of JCAD at endothelial cell-cell junctions was confirmed in human tissues. JCAD expression may be affected by pathological conditions.
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Ennerfelt HE, Lukens JR. The role of innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:225-246. [PMID: 32588460 PMCID: PMC7783860 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has dominated Alzheimer's disease (AD) research for almost 30 years. This hypothesis hinges on the predominant clinical role of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in propagating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and eventual cognitive impairment in AD. Recent research in the AD field has identified the brain-resident macrophages, known as microglia, and their receptors as integral regulators of both the initiation and propagation of inflammation, Aβ accumulation, neuronal loss, and memory decline in AD. Emerging studies have also begun to reveal critical roles for distinct innate immune pathways in AD pathogenesis, which has led to great interest in harnessing the innate immune response as a therapeutic strategy to treat AD. In this review, we will highlight recent advancements in our understanding of innate immunity and inflammation in AD onset and progression. Additionally, there has been mounting evidence suggesting pivotal contributions of environmental factors and lifestyle choices in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, we will also discuss recent findings, suggesting that many of these AD risk factors influence AD progression via modulation of microglia and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Ennerfelt
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Ip FCF, Lai NCH, Li YYT, Jiang Y, Zhong H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ma S, Lo RMN, Cheung K, Tong EPS, Ko H, Shoai M, Mok KY, Hardy J, Mok VCT, Kwok TCY, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Genetic and polygenic risk score analysis for Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese population. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12074. [PMID: 32775599 PMCID: PMC7403835 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dozens of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated loci have been identified in European-descent populations, but their effects have not been thoroughly investigated in the Hong Kong Chinese population. METHODS TaqMan array genotyping was performed for known AD-associated variants in a Hong Kong Chinese cohort. Regression analysis was conducted to study the associations of variants with AD-associated traits and biomarkers. Lasso regression was applied to establish a polygenic risk score (PRS) model for AD risk prediction. RESULTS SORL1 is associated with AD in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Meta-analysis corroborates the AD-protective effect of the SORL1 rs11218343 C allele. The PRS is developed and associated with AD risk, cognitive status, and AD-related endophenotypes. TREM2 H157Y might influence the amyloid beta 42/40 ratio and levels of immune-associated proteins in plasma. DISCUSSION SORL1 is associated with AD in the Hong Kong Chinese population. The PRS model can predict AD risk and cognitive status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Fanny C. F. Ip
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Nicole C. H. Lai
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Yolanda Y. T. Li
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Huan Zhong
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ronnie M. N. Lo
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Kit Cheung
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Estella P. S. Tong
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Ho Ko
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesGerald Choa Neuroscience CenterFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Kin Y. Mok
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - John Hardy
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Institute for Advanced StudyThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Vincent C. T. Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience CentreLui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineTherese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of DementiaDivision of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of DementiaDivision of GeriatricsDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Amy K. Y. Fu
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhenGuangdongChina
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The role of interleukin-33 in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:86. [PMID: 32678011 PMCID: PMC7367330 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective role of interleukin (IL)-33 is supported by numerous preclinical studies, but it remains uninvestigated in clinical studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the association between human blood levels of IL-33 and cognitive preservation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD. METHODS A total of 100 participants (26 controls, 35 aMCI patients, and 39 AD patients) completed two Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSEs) over a 1-year interval. In all 100 participants at the second MMSE, we examined the plasma levels of IL-33, IL-β, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA), beta amyloid (Aβ), and tau and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping; we also performed Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, forward and backward digit span, and Clinical Dementia Rating. RESULTS IL-33 expression showed a positive trend among controls (1/26 = 3.8%), aMCI (9/35 = 25.7%), and AD (17/39 = 43.6%) (trend analysis: P < 0.001). Patients expressing IL-33 preserved their cognitive function compared with IL-33 non-expressing patients (1-year ΔMMSE, 0.16 ± 1.6 vs - 1.5 ± 2.6; P = 0.006). The cognitive preservation was not associated with the lower levels of Aβ, tau, and ApoE ε4, while higher levels of ApoE ε4 and phosphorylated tau were indeed associated with cognitive decline. The aMCI patients with AD conversion during study period had higher proportion of IL-33(-) than non-AD converters (90.9% vs 53.3%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS IL-33 or its associated signaling pathways may represent a new treatment paradigm for aMCI and AD.
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Migliorini P, Italiani P, Pratesi F, Puxeddu I, Boraschi D. The IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102617. [PMID: 32663626 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cytokines and receptors of the IL-1 family in inflammation is well known. Several cytokines of the family have a powerful inflammatory activity, with IL-1β being the best-characterized factor. The inflammatory activity of IL-1 cytokines is regulated by other factors of the family, including receptor antagonists, soluble receptors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The causative role of IL-1β is well-established in autoinflammatory diseases, mainly due to gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding the IL-1β-maturing inflammasome. Exaggerated production of IL-1β and IL-18 correlates with disease and disease severity also in several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory and degenerative pathologies, although it is not clear whether they have a causative role or are only involved in the downstream disease symptoms. A better understanding of the pathological role of IL-1 family cytokines in autoimmunity involves a deeper evaluation, in the pathological situations, of the possible anomalies in the feed-back anti-inflammatory mechanisms that in physiological reactions control and dump IL-1-mediated inflammation. Thus, we expect that IL-1 cytokines may be pathogenic only when, in addition to enhanced production, there is a concomitant failure of their control mechanisms. In this review we will examine the current knowledge on the role of IL-1 family cytokines in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases, with a particular focus on their endogenous control mechanisms, mainly based on soluble receptors/inhibitors and receptor antagonists. This will allow us to formulate a knowledge-based hypothesis on the involvement of IL-1 cytokines in the pathogenesis vs. the clinical features of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Migliorini
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Pratesi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Saresella M, Marventano I, Piancone F, La Rosa F, Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Scarpini E, Clerici M. IL-33 and its decoy sST2 in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:174. [PMID: 32505187 PMCID: PMC7276088 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 is a cytokine endowed with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that plays a still poorly defined role in the pathogenesis of a number of central nervous system (CNS) conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed this cytokine and its decoy receptor sST2 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHOD IL-33 and sST2 were analyzed in serum and CSF of AD and MCI patients, comparing the results to those obtained in age-matched healthy controls (HC). Because of the ambiguous role of IL-33 in inflammation, the concentration of both inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was analyzed as well in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the same individuals. Finally, the effect of IL-33 on in vitro Aβ42-stimulated monocytes of AD, MCI, and HC individuals was examined. RESULTS As compared to HC, (1) IL-33 was significantly decreased in serum and CSF of AD and MCI, (2) sST2 was increased in serum of AD and MCI but was undetectable in CSF, (3) serum and CSF IL-1β concentration was significantly increased and that of IL-10 was reduced in AD and MCI, whereas no differences were observed in IL-6. In vitro addition of IL-33 to LPS+Aβ 42-stimulated monocytes downregulated IL-1β generation in MCI and HC, but not in AD, and stimulated IL-10 production in HC alone. IL-33 addition also resulted in a significant reduction of NF-kB nuclear translocation in LPS+Aβ42-stimulated monocytes of HC alone. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that IL-33 plays a complex anti-inflammatory role that is lost in AD- and MCI-associated neuroinflammation; results herein also suggest a possible use of IL-33 as a novel therapeutic approach in AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Via Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ivana Marventano
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Via Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Piancone
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Via Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca La Rosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Via Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Via Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cardozo PL, de Lima IBQ, Maciel EMA, Silva NC, Dobransky T, Ribeiro FM. Synaptic Elimination in Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1071-1095. [PMID: 31161981 PMCID: PMC7052824 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190603170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are well known as the main structures responsible for transmitting information through the release and recognition of neurotransmitters by pre- and post-synaptic neurons. These structures are widely formed and eliminated throughout the whole lifespan via processes termed synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning, respectively. Whilst the first pro-cess is needed for ensuring proper connectivity between brain regions and also with the periphery, the second phenomenon is important for their refinement by eliminating weaker and unnecessary synapses and, at the same time, maintaining and fa-voring the stronger ones, thus ensuring proper synaptic transmission. It is well-known that synaptic elimination is modulated by neuronal activity. However, only recently the role of the classical complement cascade in promoting this phenomenon has been demonstrated. Specifically, microglial cells recognize activated complement component 3 (C3) bound to synapses tar-geted for elimination, triggering their engulfment. As this is a highly relevant process for adequate neuronal functioning, dis-ruptions or exacerbations in synaptic pruning could lead to severe circuitry alterations that could underlie neuropathological alterations typical of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on discussing the possible in-volvement of excessive synaptic elimination in Alzheimer’s disease, as it has already been reported dendritic spine loss in post-synaptic neurons, increased association of complement proteins with its synapses and, hence, augmented microglia-mediated pruning in animal models of this disorder. In addition, we briefly discuss how this phenomenon could be related to other neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo L Cardozo
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabella B Q de Lima
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Esther M A Maciel
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathália C Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li XM, Wang XY, Feng XW, Shao MM, Liu WF, Ma QQ, Wang EP, Chen J, Shao B. Serum interleukin-33 as a novel marker for long-term prognosis and recurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01369. [PMID: 31397082 PMCID: PMC6749472 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin-33, a newly identified member of interleukin-1 family, had been confirmed to play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses in various disease. However, the exact role of interleukin-33 in the disease process of acute ischemic stroke still remains unclear. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between interleukin-33 levels and long-term functional outcome as well as ischemic stroke recurrence. METHODS Three hundred and four first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited and basic information and history of all subjects taken within 72 hr on admission. The functional outcome was estimated by Barthel index. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the prognosis, while the Cox proportional hazard model was applied to assess the recurrence risk. RESULTS Out of 304 subjects, 259 patients successfully completed scheduled two-year follow-up. We found that higher interleukin-33 levels correlated positively with better prognosis as compared with those with lower interleukin-33 levels who presented with poorer outcome (62.45 ± 20.50 ng/ml vs. 51.58 ± 19.16 ng/ml, p < .001). After adjustment of all confounders, interleukin-33 was associated with the one-year prognosis with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.956 (95% confidence interval, 0.937-0.976, p < .001). Furthermore, interleukin-33 levels were also closely related to recurrent ischemic stroke with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.979 (95% confidence interval, 0.961-0.997, p = .025). CONCLUSIONS IL-33 can be used to predict the long-term outcomes and ischemic stroke recurrence in first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin-Qin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - En-Pei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Sung HY, Chen WY, Huang HT, Wang CY, Chang SB, Tzeng SF. Down-regulation of interleukin-33 expression in oligodendrocyte precursor cells impairs oligodendrocyte lineage progression. J Neurochem 2019; 150:691-708. [PMID: 31165473 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL1 family, has been found to be expressed in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) and released as an alarmin from injured OLGs to work on other glial cell-types in the central nervous system. However, its functional role in OLGs remains unclear. Herein, we present that IL-33 was mainly expressed in the nucleus of CC1+ -oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in mouse and rat corpus callosum, as well as NG2+ -oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The in vitro study indicated that the amount of IL-33 expressing in OPCs was higher when compared to that detected in OLGs. Results from the experiments using lentivirus-mediated shRNA delivery against IL-33 expression (IL33-KD) in OPCs showed that IL33-KD reduced the differentiation of OLGs into mature OLGs along with the down-regulation of OLG differentiation-related genes and mature OLG marker proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP). Alternatively, we observed reduced differentiation of OLGs that were prepared from the brains of IL-33 gene knockout (IL33-KO) mice with anxiolytic-like behavior. Observations were correlated with the results showing lower levels of MBP and PLP in IL33-KO cultures than those detected in the control cultures prepared from wildtype (WT) mice. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the myelin structures in the corpus callosum of the IL33-KO mice were impaired compared to those observed in the WT mice. Overall, this study provides important evidence that declined expression of IL-33 in OPCs suppresses the maturation of OLGs. Moreover, gene deficiency of IL-33 can disrupt OLG maturation and interfere with myelin compaction. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Song-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Dionisio-Santos DA, Olschowka JA, O'Banion MK. Exploiting microglial and peripheral immune cell crosstalk to treat Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:74. [PMID: 30953557 PMCID: PMC6449993 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered one of the cardinal features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuritic plaques composed of amyloid β and neurofibrillary tangle-laden neurons are surrounded by reactive astrocytes and microglia. Exposure of microglia, the resident myeloid cell of the CNS, to amyloid β causes these cells to acquire an inflammatory phenotype. While these reactive microglia are important to contain and phagocytose amyloid plaques, their activated phenotype impacts CNS homeostasis. In rodent models, increased neuroinflammation promoted by overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines can cause an increase in hyperphosphorylated tau and a decrease in hippocampal function. The peripheral immune system can also play a detrimental or beneficial role in CNS inflammation. Systemic inflammation can increase the risk of developing AD dementia, and chemokines released directly by microglia or indirectly by endothelial cells can attract monocytes and T lymphocytes to the CNS. These peripheral immune cells can aid in amyloid β clearance or modulate microglia responses, depending on the cell type. As such, several groups have targeted the peripheral immune system to modulate chronic neuroinflammation. In this review, we focus on the interplay of immunomodulating factors and cell types that are being investigated as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawling A Dionisio-Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Alvarez F, Fritz JH, Piccirillo CA. Pleiotropic Effects of IL-33 on CD4 + T Cell Differentiation and Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 30949175 PMCID: PMC6435597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, was originally described in 2005 as a promoter of type 2 immune responses. However, recent evidence reveals a more complex picture. This cytokine is released locally as an alarmin upon cellular damage where innate cell types respond to IL-33 by modulating their differentiation and influencing the polarizing signals they provide to T cells at the time of antigen presentation. Moreover, the prominent expression of the IL-33 receptor, ST2, on GATA3+ T helper 2 cells (TH2) demonstrated that IL-33 could have a direct impact on T cells. Recent observations reveal that T-bet+ TH1 cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells can also express the ST2 receptor, either transiently or permanently. As such, IL-33 can have a direct effect on the dynamics of T cell populations. As IL-33 release was shown to play both an inflammatory and a suppressive role, understanding the complex effect of this cytokine on T cell homeostasis is paramount. In this review, we will focus on the factors that modulate ST2 expression on T cells, the effect of IL-33 on helper T cell responses and the role of IL-33 on TREG cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lutz MW, Casanova R, Saldana S, Kuchibhatla M, Plassman BL, Hayden KM. Analysis of pleiotropic genetic effects on cognitive impairment, systemic inflammation, and plasma lipids in the Health and Retirement Study. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:173-186. [PMID: 31201950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Variants associated with modulation of c-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma lipids have been investigated for polygenic overlap with Alzheimer's disease risk variants. We examined pleiotropic genetic effects on cognitive impairment conditioned on genetic variants (SNPs) associated with systemic inflammation as measured by CRP and with plasma lipids using data from the Health and Retirement Study. SNP enrichment was observed for cognitive impairment conditioned on the secondary phenotypes of plasma CRP and lipids. Fold enrichment of 100%-800% was observed for increasingly stringent p-value thresholds for SNPs associated with cognitive impairment conditional on plasma CRP, 80%-800% for low-density lipoprotein, and 80%-600% for total cholesterol. Significant associations (false discovery rate Q ≤ 0.05) between cognitive impairment, conditional with either CRP, low-density lipoprotein, or total cholesterol, were found for the locus on chromosome 19 that contains the APOE, TOMM40, APOC1, and PVRL2 genes. Relative numbers of significant SNPs in each of the genes differed by the conditional associations with the secondary phenotypes. Biological interpretation of both the genetic pleiotropy results and the individual genome-wide association results showed that the variants and proximal genes identified are involved in multiple pathological processes including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial transport. These findings are potentially important for Alzheimer's disease risk prediction and development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Brennan FH, Popovich PG. Emerging targets for reprograming the immune response to promote repair and recovery of function after spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 31:334-344. [PMID: 29465433 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In adult mammals, a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a chronic unregulated neuroinflammatory response accompanied by seemingly paradoxical suppression of systemic immunity. These SCI-induced changes in immune function contribute to poor neurological outcomes and enhanced morbidity or mortality. Nonspecific anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory therapies are ineffective and can even worsen outcomes. Therefore, recent experimental SCI research has advanced the understanding of how neuroimmune cross-talk contributes to spinal cord and systemic pathology. RECENT FINDINGS It is now appreciated that the immune response caused by injury to the brain or spinal cord encompasses heterogeneous elements that can drive events on the spectrum between exacerbating pathology and promoting tissue repair, within the spinal cord and throughout the body. Recent novel discoveries regarding the role and regulation of soluble factors, monocytes/macrophages, microRNAs, lymphocytes and systemic immune function are highlighted in this review. SUMMARY A more nuanced understanding of how the immune system responds and reacts to nervous system injury will present an array of novel therapeutic opportunities for clinical SCI and other forms of neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith H Brennan
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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