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Pearson AC, Ostroumov A. Midbrain KCC2 downregulation: Implications for stress-related and substance use behaviors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 88:102901. [PMID: 39142020 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress-related and substance use disorders are both characterized by disruptions in reward-related behaviors, and these disorders are often comorbid with one another. Recent investigations have identified a novel mechanism of inhibitory plasticity induced by both stress and substance use within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key region in reward processing. This mechanism involves the neuron-specific potassium chloride cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), which is essential in modulating inhibitory signaling through the regulation of intracellular chloride (Cl-) in VTA GABA neurons. Experiences, such as exposure to stress or substance use, diminish KCC2 expression in VTA GABA neurons, leading to abnormal reward-related behaviors. Here, we review literature suggesting that KCC2 downregulation contributes to irregular dopamine (DA) transmission, impacting multiple reward circuits and promoting maladaptive behaviors. Activating KCC2 restores canonical GABA functioning and reduces behavioral deficits in preclinical models, leading us to advocate for KCC2 as a target for therapies aimed at alleviating and mitigating various stress-related and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. https://twitter.com/AnnaCPearson
| | - Alexey Ostroumov
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Seyed Aliyan SM, Roohbakhsh A, Jafari Fakhrabad M, Salmasi Z, Moshiri M, Shahbazi N, Etemad L. Evaluating the Protective Effects of Thymoquinone on Methamphetamine-induced Toxicity in an In Vitro Model Based on Differentiated PC12 Cells. Altern Lab Anim 2024; 52:94-106. [PMID: 38445454 DOI: 10.1177/02611929241237409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive stimulant. Its potential neurotoxic effects are mediated through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress and the initiation of the apoptotic process. Thymoquinone (TQ), obtained from Nigella sativa seed oil, has extensive antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TQ against Meth-induced toxicity by using an in vitro model based on nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. Cell differentiation was assessed by detecting the presence of a neuronal marker with flow cytometry. The effects of Meth exposure were evaluated in the in vitro neuronal cell-based model via the determination of cell viability (in an MTT assay) and apoptosis (by annexin/propidium iodide staining). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine, were also determined. The model was used to determine the protective effects of 0.5, 1 and 2 μM TQ against Meth-induced toxicity (at 1 mM). The results showed that TQ reduced Meth-induced neurotoxicity, possibly through the inhibition of ROS generation and apoptosis, and by helping to maintain GSH and dopamine levels. Thus, the impact of TQ treatment on Meth-induced neurotoxicity could warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jafari Fakhrabad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahar Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niosha Shahbazi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Memos N, Avila JA, Rodriguez E, Serrano PA. Synaptic remodeling of GluA1 and GluA2 expression in the nucleus accumbens promotes susceptibility to cognitive deficits concomitant with downstream GSK3 β mediated neurotoxicity in female mice during abstinence from voluntary oral methamphetamine. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100112. [PMID: 37842014 PMCID: PMC10569060 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimulant-use disorders can present with long-term cognitive and mental health deficits. Little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms perpetuating sex differences in cognitive and behavioral deficits in preclinical models of addiction to stimulants such as methamphetamine (MA). The current study investigated the neurochemical shifts underlying sex disparities in MA-induced working memory deficits and an addictive phenotype following abstinence from chronic MA abuse. We used our previously reported mouse model of voluntary oral methamphetamine administration (VOMA) consisting of an acquisition phase (days 1-14) characterized by escalating doses of MA and a binge phase (days 14-28) characterized by static doses. Female VOMA mice exhibited sustained MA consumption during the binge phase, demonstrating sex-specific vulnerabilities to the maintenance of MA addiction. The 8-arm radial maze was used to test spatial working memory performance following abstinence from VOMA. Results indicate working memory deficits correlated to higher MA consumption in females only. Hippocampal and accumbal tissue were collected and analyzed by immunoblotting. Female VOMA mice had decreased GluA1, but not GluA2, in the hippocampus, which may perpetuate synaptic destabilization and working memory deficits. Female-specific increases in GluA1 and p-GSK3β expression in accumbal tissue suggest vulnerability toward abstinence-induced drug craving and heightened downstream neurotoxicity. Our study reveals female-specific neurochemical shifts in hippocampal and accumbal AMPA receptor signaling following abstinence from chronic MA consumption that may perpetuate female susceptibility to MA-induced cognitive deficits. These data demonstrate a novel molecular pathway that would exacerbate memory deficits and perpetuate an addictive phenotype in female populations following MA abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Memos
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge A. Avila
- Undergraduate Research Center – Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edgar Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Peter A. Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Chohan MO, Fein H, Mirro S, O'Reilly KC, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Repeated chemogenetic activation of dopaminergic neurons induces reversible changes in baseline and amphetamine-induced behaviors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2545-2560. [PMID: 37594501 PMCID: PMC10872888 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Repeated chemogenetic stimulation is often employed to study circuit function and behavior. Chronic or repeated agonist administration can result in homeostatic changes, but this has not been extensively studied with designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the impact of repeated DREADD activation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons on basal behavior, amphetamine response, and spike firing. We hypothesized that repeated DREADD activation would mimic compensatory effects that we observed with genetic manipulations of DA neurons. METHODS Excitatory hM3D(Gq) DREADDs were virally expressed in adult TH-Cre and WT mice. In a longitudinal design, clozapine N-oxide (CNO, 1.0 mg/kg) was administered repeatedly. We evaluated basal and CNO- or amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotion and stereotypy. DA neuronal activity was assessed using in vivo single-unit recordings. RESULTS Acute CNO administration increased locomotion, but basal locomotion decreased after repeated CNO exposure in TH-CrehM3Dq mice relative to littermate controls. Further, after repeated CNO administration, AMPH-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy were diminished in TH-CrehM3Dq mice relative to controls. Repeated CNO administration reduced DA neuronal firing in TH-CrehM3Dq mice relative to controls. A two-month CNO washout period rescued the decreases in basal locomotion and AMPH response. CONCLUSIONS We found that repeated DREADD activation of DA neurons evokes homeostatic changes that should be factored into the interpretation of chronic DREADD applications and their impact on circuit function and behavior. These effects are likely to also be seen in other neuronal systems and underscore the importance of studying neuroadaptive changes with chronic or repeated DREADD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad O Chohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Halli Fein
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sarah Mirro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kally C O'Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Allen MI, Duke AN, Nader SH, Adler-Neal A, Solingapuram Sai KK, Reboussin BA, Gage HD, Voll RJ, Mintz A, Goodman MM, Nader MA. PET imaging of dopamine transporters and D2/D3 receptors in female monkeys: effects of chronic cocaine self-administration. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1436-1445. [PMID: 37349473 PMCID: PMC10425413 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have shown that long-term cocaine use is associated with lower levels of dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptors (D2/D3R); less consistent are the effects on DA transporter (DAT) availability. However, most studies have been conducted in male subjects (humans, monkeys, rodents). In this study, we used PET imaging in nine drug-naïve female cynomolgus monkeys to determine if baseline measures of DAT, with [18F]FECNT, and D2/D3R availability, with [11C]raclopride, in the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum were associated with rates of cocaine self-administration and if these measures changed during long-term (~13 months) cocaine self-administration and following time-off (3-9 months) from cocaine. Cocaine (0.2 mg/kg/injection) and 1.0 g food pellets were available under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) 3-min schedule of reinforcement. In contrast to what has been observed in male monkeys, baseline D2/D3R availability was positively correlated with rates of cocaine self-administration only during the first week of exposure; DAT availability did not correlate with cocaine self-administration. D2/D3R availability decreased ~20% following cumulative intakes of 100 and 1000 mg/kg cocaine; DAT availability did not significantly change. These reductions in D2/D3R availability did not recover over 9 months of time-off from cocaine. To determine if these reductions were reversible, three monkeys were implanted with osmotic pumps that delivered raclopride for 30 days. We found that chronic treatment with the D2/D3R antagonist raclopride increased D2/D3R availability in the ventral striatum but not in the other regions when compared to baseline levels. Over 13 months of self-administration, tolerance did not develop to the rate-decreasing effects of self-administered cocaine on food-reinforced responding, but number of injections and cocaine intake significantly increased over the 13 months. These data extend previous findings to female monkeys and suggest sex differences in the relationship between D2/D3R availability related to vulnerability and long-term cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia I Allen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Angela N Duke
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Susan H Nader
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adrienne Adler-Neal
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kiran K Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - H Donald Gage
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ronald J Voll
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mark M Goodman
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Grunze H. The role of the D3 dopamine receptor and its partial agonist cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1985-1992. [PMID: 37817489 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2266359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comorbidity of substance use disorder (SUD) with schizophrenia, referred to as dual disorder (DD), significantly increases morbidity and mortality compared to schizophrenia alone. A dopaminergic dysregulation seems to be a common pathophysiological basis of the comorbidity. AREAS COVERED This article reports the current evidence on the role of dopamine dysregulations in DD, the pharmacological profile of cariprazine, a partial agonist of D3 and D2 dopamine receptors, and first clinical observations that may support its usefulness in the therapy of DD. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for the keywords 'cariprazine,' 'schizophrenia,' 'dual disorder,' 'dopamine,' and 'dopamine receptor.' Preclinical and clinical studies, and reviews published in English were retrieved. EXPERT OPINION Although the management of DD remains challenging, and the evidence for pharmacologic treatments is still unsatisfactory, cariprazine may be a candidate medication in DD due to its unique mechanism of action. Preliminary clinical experiences suggest that cariprazine has both antipsychotic and anticraving properties and should be considered early in patients with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Grunze
- Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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van Ruitenbeek P, Franzen L, Mason NL, Stiers P, Ramaekers JG. Methylphenidate as a treatment option for substance use disorder: a transdiagnostic perspective. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1208120. [PMID: 37599874 PMCID: PMC10435872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A transition in viewing mental disorders from conditions defined as a set of unique characteristics to one of the quantitative variations on a collection of dimensions allows overlap between disorders. The overlap can be utilized to extend to treatment approaches. Here, we consider the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder to probe the suitability to use methylphenidate as a treatment for substance use disorder. Both disorders are characterized by maladaptive goal-directed behavior, impaired cognitive control, hyperactive phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum, prefrontal hypoactivation, and reduced frontal cortex gray matter volume/density. In addition, methylphenidate has been shown to improve cognitive control and normalize associated brain activation in substance use disorder patients and clinical trials have found methylphenidate to improve clinical outcomes. Despite the theoretical basis and promising, but preliminary, outcomes, many questions remain unanswered. Most prominent is whether all patients who are addicted to different substances may equally profit from methylphenidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Towers EB, Williams IL, Qillawala EI, Lynch WJ. Role of nucleus accumbens dopamine 2 receptors in motivating cocaine use in male and female rats prior to and following the development of an addiction-like phenotype. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237990. [PMID: 37564182 PMCID: PMC10411909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cocaine use disorder (CUD) is dysfunction of dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic pathway, including impaired dopamine 2 (D2) receptor signaling. One of the most replicated findings in human imagining studies is decreased striatal D2 receptor binding in individuals with a substance use disorder relative to healthy controls; however, the vast majority of the data is from males, and findings in smokers suggest this molecular shift may not translate to females. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the role of D2 receptors in motivating cocaine use prior to and following the development of an addiction-like phenotype (defined by an enhanced motivation for cocaine relative to the short-access, ShA, group). Here, male and female rats were given ShA (20 infusions/day, 3 days) or extended-access (ExA; 24h/day, 96 infusions/day, 10 days) to cocaine self-administration and then following 14 days of withdrawal, were tested under a progressive-ratio schedule to assess motivation for cocaine use. Once a stable level of motivation was established, the effect of NAc-infusions of the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (0-3.0 µg/side) were examined. We found that in males, eticlopride was less effective at decreasing motivation for cocaine following ExA versus ShA self-administration, particularly at low eticlopride doses. In contrast, in females, there were no differences in the effectiveness of eticlopride between ExA and ShA. These findings indicate that males, but not females, become less sensitive to NAc-D2 receptor antagonism with the development of an addiction-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ivy L. Williams
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emaan I. Qillawala
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Li MJ, Shoptaw SJ. Clinical management of psychostimulant withdrawal: review of the evidence. Addiction 2023; 118:750-762. [PMID: 36401591 PMCID: PMC10069411 DOI: 10.1111/add.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that a majority of people who use psychostimulants, particularly methamphetamine (MA) and cocaine, experience withdrawal upon abstinence from sustained use. This review of clinical research reports the evidence regarding biomedical and behavioral treatments for psychostimulant withdrawal symptoms. It provides a framework for clinicians and scientists to increase impact on attenuating MA and cocaine withdrawal during initial and sustained abstinence. Articles reviewed included reports of controlled clinical trials (randomized or non-randomized) reporting at least one withdrawal symptom among the outcomes or specifically studying patients in withdrawal. Potential efficacy for MA withdrawal is noted for a few medications (mirtazapine, naltrexone, bupropion) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during acute (first week), early protracted (weeks 2-4) and late protracted (> 4 weeks) withdrawal phases. Topiramate shows mixed evidence of efficacy for cocaine withdrawal. In general, there is inconsistent signal for biomedical and behavioral treatments on MA and cocaine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Opitz A, Petasch MS, Klappauf R, Kirschgens J, Hinz J, Dittmann L, Dathe AS, Quednow BB, Beste C, Stock AK. Does chronic use of amphetamine-type stimulants impair interference control? - A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105020. [PMID: 36581170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In substance use and addiction, inhibitory control is key to ignoring triggers, withstanding craving and maintaining abstinence. In amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users, most research focused on behavioral inhibition, but largely neglected the equally important subdomain of cognitive interference control. Given its crucial role in managing consumption, we investigated the relationship between interference control and chronic ATS use in adults. A database search (Pubmed & Web of Science) and relevant reviews were used to identify eligible studies. Effect sizes were estimated with random effects models. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses explored heterogeneity in effect sizes. We identified 61 studies (53 datasets) assessing interference control in 1873 ATS users and 1905 controls. Findings revealed robust small effect sizes for ATS-related deficits in interference control, which were mainly seen in methamphetamine, as compared to MDMA users. The differential effects are likely due to tolerance-induced dopaminergic deficiencies (presumably most pronounced in methamphetamine users). Similarities between different ATS could be due to noradrenergic deficiencies; but elucidating their functional role in ATS users requires further/more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Opitz
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam-Sophie Petasch
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Regine Klappauf
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Kirschgens
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Hinz
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Dittmann
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthea S Dathe
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland; Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kim Y, Won SD, Kwon H, Han C. The Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit Length: A Biomarker for Methamphetamine Dependence? CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:694-700. [PMID: 36263644 PMCID: PMC9606433 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length (2D:4D) is considered to be a sexually dimorphic trait. Low 2D:4D is implicated in alcohol dependence and heroin dependence and correlated with psychological traits such as aggression, physical aggression, and sensation. The purpose of this study is to compare the 2D:4D between methamphetamine (METH) dependence and controls and the 2D:4D ratio that is a potential biomarker for METH dependence. METHODS In this study, 40 patients diagnosed with METH dependence in Eulji University Gangnam Eulji Hospital and 50 healthy volunteers were all employees in the same hospital. Images of participants' hands were created using a scanning device. The images contained both the right and left hands; computer software was used to measure the 2D:4D ratio for both hands. We compared the ratios, analyzed by t test, between the METH dependence group and the control group. RESULTS The mean 2D:4D values were 0.941 (right hand) and 0.943 (left hand) for the patients with METH dependence; in contrast, they were 0.961 (right hand) and 0.961 (left hand) for the control group. These values were significantly smaller than the control in patients' right hands (p = 0.003) and left hands (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Patients with METH dependence had smaller 2D:4D ratios than those in the control group, which is similar to the results from the previous substance use disorder studies. Thus, elevated prenatal testosterone levels during the gonadal period could be related to future METH problems. Furthermore, the 2D:4D ratio is a potential marker for the prediction of METH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungHo Kim
- Department of Addiction Rehabilitation with Social Welfare, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Doo Won
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Korean Association Against Drug Abuse Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changwoo Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Municipal Goyang Mental Hospital, Goyang, Korea,Address for correspondence: Changwoo Han Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Municipal Goyang Mental Hospital, 46, Tongil-ro 1102beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang 10264, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-6584
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Biochemical Neuroadaptations in the Rat Striatal Dopaminergic System after Prolonged Exposure to Methamphetamine Self-Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710092. [PMID: 36077488 PMCID: PMC9456063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in striatal dopamine (DA) homeostasis might underlie the behavioral and pathobiological consequences of METH use disorder in humans. To identify potential consequences of long-term METH exposure, we modeled the adverse consequence DSM criterion of substance use disorders by giving footshocks to rats that had escalated their intake of METH during a drug self-administration procedure. Next, DA D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 was injected. Thereafter, rats were euthanized to measure several indices of the striatal dopaminergic system. Footshocks split the METH rats into two phenotypes: (i) shock-sensitive that decreased their METH-intake and (ii) shock-resistant that continued their METH intake. SCH23390 caused substantial dose-dependent reduction of METH taking in both groups. Stopping SCH23390 caused re-emergence of compulsive METH taking in shock-resistant rats. Compulsive METH takers also exhibited greater incubation of METH seeking than non-compulsive rats during withdrawal from METH SA. Analyses of DA metabolism revealed non-significant decreases (about 35%) in DA levels in resistant and sensitive rats. However, striatal contents of the deaminated metabolites, DOPAL and DOPAC, were significantly increased in sensitive rats. VMAT2 and DAT protein levels were decreased in both phenotypes. Moreover, protein expression levels of the D1-like DA receptor, D5R, and D2-like DA receptors, D3R and D4R, were significantly decreased in the compulsive METH takers. Our results parallel findings in post-mortem striatal tissues of human METH users who develop Parkinsonism after long-term METH intake and support the use of this model to investigate potential therapeutic interventions for METH use disorder.
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Gibson BC, Claus ED, Sanguinetti J, Witkiewitz K, Clark VP. A review of functional brain differences predicting relapse in substance use disorder: Actionable targets for new methods of noninvasive brain stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104821. [PMID: 35970417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified a variety of brain regions whose activity predicts substance use (i.e., relapse) in patients with substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting that malfunctioning brain networks may exacerbate relapse. However, this knowledge has not yet led to a marked improvement in treatment outcomes. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown some potential for treating SUDs, and a new generation of NIBS technologies offers the possibility of selectively altering activity in both superficial and deep brain structures implicated in SUDs. The goal of the current review was to identify deeper brain structures involved in relapse to SUD and give an account of innovative methods of NIBS that might be used to target them. Included studies measured fMRI in currently abstinent SUD patients and tracked treatment outcomes, and fMRI results were organized with the framework of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA). Four brain structures were consistently implicated: the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, ventral striatum and insula. These four deeper brain structures may be appropriate future targets for the treatment of SUD using these innovative NIBS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Gibson
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jay Sanguinetti
- The Center for Consciousness Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
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14
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Fede SJ, Kisner MA, Manuweera T, Kerich M, Momenan R. Compounding Vulnerability in the Neurocircuitry of Addiction: Longitudinal Functional Connectivity Changes in Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:712-721. [PMID: 35760068 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The addiction neurocircuitry model describes the role of several brain circuits (drug reward, negative emotionality and craving/executive control) in alcohol use and subsequent development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Human studies examining longitudinal change using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) are needed to understand how functional changes to these circuits are caused by or contribute to continued AUD. METHODS In order to characterize how intrinsic functional connectivity changes with sustained AUD, we analyzed rs-fMRI data from individuals with (n = 18; treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking) and without (n = 21) AUD collected on multiple visits as part of various research studies at the NIAAA intramural program from 2012 to 2020. RESULTS Results of the seed correlation analysis showed that individuals with AUD had an increase in functional connectivity over time between emotionality and craving neurocircuits, and a decrease between executive control and reward networks. Post hoc investigations of AUD severity and alcohol consumption between scans revealed an additive effect of these AUD features in many of the circuits, such that more alcohol consumption or more severe AUD was associated with more pronounced changes to synchronicity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an increased concordance of networks underlying emotionality and compulsions toward drinking while also a reduction in control network connectivity, consistent with the addiction neurocircuitry model. Further, they suggest a compounding effect of continued heavy drinking on these vulnerabilities in neurocircuitry. More longitudinal research is necessary to understand the trajectories of individuals with AUD not adequately represented in this study, as well as whether this can inform effective harm reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Fede
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mallory A Kisner
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thushini Manuweera
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mike Kerich
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Camchong J, Haynos AF, Hendrickson T, Fiecas MB, Gilmore CS, Mueller BA, Kushner MG, Lim KO. Resting Hypoconnectivity of Theoretically Defined Addiction Networks during Early Abstinence Predicts Subsequent Relapse in Alcohol Use Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2688-2702. [PMID: 34671808 PMCID: PMC9393062 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models of addiction suggest that alterations in addiction domains including incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive control lead to relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). To determine whether the functional organization of neural networks underlying these domains predict subsequent relapse, we generated theoretically defined addiction networks. We collected resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 45 individuals with AUD during early abstinence (number of days abstinent M = 25.40, SD = 16.51) and calculated the degree of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within these networks. Regression analyses determined whether the RSFC strength in domain-defined addiction networks measured during early abstinence predicted subsequent relapse (dichotomous or continuous relapse metrics). RSFC within each addiction network measured during early abstinence was significantly lower in those that relapsed (vs. abstained) and predicted subsequent time to relapse. Lower incentive salience RSFC during early abstinence increased the odds of relapsing. Neither RSFC in a control network nor clinical self-report measures predicted relapse. The association between low incentive salience RSFC and faster relapse highlights the need to design timely interventions that enhance RSFC in AUD individuals at risk of relapsing faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Camchong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - A F Haynos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - T Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M B Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - C S Gilmore
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - M G Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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16
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Okita K, Matsumoto T, Funada D, Murakami M, Kato K, Shigemoto Y, Sato N, Matsuda H. Potential Treat-to-Target Approach for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Pilot Study of Adenosine 2A Receptor Antagonist With Positron Emission Tomography. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820447. [PMID: 35645814 PMCID: PMC9130733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The misuse of stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine is a global public health issue. One important neurochemical mechanism of methamphetamine use disorder may be altered dopaminergic neurotransmission. For instance, previous studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have consistently shown that striatal dopamine D2-type receptor availability (quantified as binding potential; BPND) is lower in methamphetamine use disorder. Further, methamphetamine use is known to induce chronic neuroinflammation through multiple physiological pathways. Upregulation of D2-type receptor and/or attenuation of neuroinflammation may therefore provide a therapeutic effect for this disorder. In vitro studies have shown that blockage of adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors may prevent D2-receptor downregulation and neuroinflammation-related brain damage. However, no study has examined this hypothesis yet.Methods and Analysis: Using a within-subject design, this trial will assess the effect of the selective A2A receptor antagonist, istradefylline, primarily on D2-type BPND in the striatum, and secondarily on neuroinflammation in the whole brain in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. The research hypotheses are that istradefylline will increase striatal D2-type BPND and attenuate neuroinflammation. Twenty participants with methamphetamine use disorder, aged 20–65, will be recruited to undergo [11C]raclopride PET (for every participant) and [11C]DAA1106 PET (if applicable) once before and once after administration of 40 mg/day istradefylline for 2 weeks. Neuropsychological measurements will be performed on the same days of the PET scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Okita
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kyoji Okita,
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Funada
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Drug Discovery and Cyclotron Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leyton
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University; the Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University; the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University; and the Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
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18
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Hazani HM, Naina Mohamed I, Muzaimi M, Mohamed W, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL, Pakri Mohamed RM, Mohamad Isa MF, Abdulrahman SM, Ramadah R, Kamaluddin MR, Kumar J. Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859563. [PMID: 35462918 PMCID: PMC9021401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of people suffer from various substance use disorders (SUD), including mono-and polydrug use of opioids and methamphetamine. Brain regions such as the cingulate cortex, infralimbic cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, basolateral and central amygdala have been shown to play important roles in addiction-related behavioral changes. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have characterized these brain regions and their corresponding neurochemical changes in numerous phases of drug dependence such as acute drug use, intoxication, craving, withdrawal, and relapse. At present, many studies have reported the individual effects of opioids and methamphetamine. However, little is known about their combined effects. Co-use of these drugs produces effects greater than either drug alone, where one decreases the side effects of the other, and the combination produces a prolonged intoxication period or a more desirable intoxication effect. An increasing number of studies have associated polydrug abuse with poorer treatment outcomes, drug-related deaths, and more severe psychopathologies. To date, the pharmacological treatment efficacy for polydrug abuse is vague, and still at the experimental stage. This present review discusses the human and animal behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical changes underlying both morphine and methamphetamine dependence separately, as well as its combination. This narrative review also delineates the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of mono- and poly drug-use of opioids and methamphetamine at clinical and preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis Mohammad Hazani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Ramadah
- National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Jaya Kumar,
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19
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Ru Q, Xiong Q, Tian X, Xu C, Li C, Chen L, Wu Y. Candidate Chinese Herbal Medicine Alleviates Methamphetamine Addiction via Regulating Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:874080. [PMID: 35422687 PMCID: PMC9002015 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.874080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) addiction and its induced mental disorders have become a severe worldwide problem. A candidate Chinese herbal medicine (CCHM) in our lab had therapeutic effects on METH-induced locomotor sensitization, however, its chemical and pharmacological profiles remain to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of CCHM on conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by METH and screen the main active ingredients and key targets by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, Gene ontology (GO) analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to discover the potential mechanisms. Results showed that CCHM could significantly inhibit METH-induced CPP behaviors in mice. A total of 123 components and 43 targets were screened. According to the network pharmacology analysis, ten hub targets including D(2) dopamine receptor (DRD2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A) were screened. GO analysis and KEGG enrichment indicated that mechanisms of CCHM treatment of METH addiction were related to multiple pathways such as dopaminergic synapse and serotoninergic synapse. Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of DRD2 in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in METH group, while the protein expressions of HTR3A were significantly increased. These changes caused by METH could be prevented by CCHM pretreatment. The results of molecular docking displayed that the five active ingredients such as (S)-Scoulerine, Hyndarin, and Beta-Sitosterol had good affinities with DRD2 and HTR3A. In conclusion, this study constructed the CCHM's pharmacologic network for treating METH addiction based on the method of network analysis and experimental verification, and analyzed its major active ingredients and potential targets, indicating a new direction for further revealing its mechanisms of effect on METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Tian
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congyue Xu
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Li
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Lin Chen,
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China,Yuxiang Wu,
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20
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Gupta M, Gupta N, Esang M, Antai A, Moll J. Refractory Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis: An Emerging Crisis in Rural America and the Role of Amantadine in Therapeutics. Cureus 2022; 14:e22871. [PMID: 35392446 PMCID: PMC8979574 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Parvaz MA, Rabin RA, Adams F, Goldstein RZ. Structural and functional brain recovery in individuals with substance use disorders during abstinence: A review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109319. [PMID: 35077955 PMCID: PMC8885813 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies reveal structural and functional including neurochemical brain abnormalities in individuals with substance use disorders compared to healthy controls. However, whether and to what extent such dysfunction is reversible with abstinence remains unclear, and a review of studies with longitudinal within-subject designs is lacking. We performed a systematic review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies to explore putative brain changes associated with abstinence in treatment-seeking individuals with substance use disorders. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we examined articles published up to May 2021 that employed a neuroimaging technique and assessed neurobiological recovery in treatment-seeking participants at a minimum of two time-points separated by a period of abstinence (longer than 24 h apart) or significant reduction in drug use. RESULTS Forty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Encouragingly, in this limited but growing literature, the majority of studies demonstrated at least partial neurobiological recovery with abstinence. Structural recovery appeared to occur predominantly in frontal cortical regions, the insula, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Functional and neurochemical recovery was similarly observed in prefrontal cortical regions but also in subcortical structures. The onset of structural recovery appears to precede neurochemical recovery, which begins soon after cessation (particularly for alcohol); functional recovery may require longer periods of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS The literature is still growing and more studies are warranted to better understand abstinence-mediated neural recovery in individuals with substance use disorders. Elucidating the temporal dynamics between neuronal recovery and abstinence will enable evidence-based planning for more effective and targeted treatment of substance use disorders, potentially pre-empting relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Parvaz
- Department of Pyschiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Rachel A. Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and The Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3
| | - Faith Adams
- Department of Pyschiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Pyschiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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22
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Prenatal Amphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Alteration in a Gender- and Estrogen-Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1317-1328. [PMID: 35147850 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to amphetamine induces changes in dopamine receptors in mesolimbic areas and alters locomotor response to amphetamine during adulthood. Sex differences have been reported in amphetamine-induced brain activity and stress sensitivity. We evaluated the effects of prenatal amphetamine exposure on locomotor activity, dopamine receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen in response to amphetamine challenge in adult female and male rats. The role of estrogen in the response to restraint stress was analyzed in ovariectomized, prenatally amphetamine-exposed rats. Pregnant rats were treated with D-amphetamine during days 15-21 of gestation. Nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen were processed for mRNA determination by real-time PCR. In nucleus accumbens, higher mRNA dopamine (D3) receptor expression was found in basal and D-amphetamine-challenge conditions in female than male, and prenatal amphetamine increased the difference. No sex differences were observed in caudate-putamen. Basal saline-treated females showed higher locomotor activity than males. Amphetamine challenge in prenatally amphetamine-exposed rats increased locomotor activity in males and reduced it in females. In nucleus accumbens, estrogen diminished mRNA D1, D2 and D3 receptor expression in basal, and D1 and D3 in ovariectomized stressed rats. Estrogen prevented the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression induced by stress in ovariectomized prenatally exposed rats. In conclusion, estrogen modulates mRNA levels of D1, D2 and D3 receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in nucleus accumbens; prenatal amphetamine-exposure effects on D3 receptors and behavioral responses were gender dependent.
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23
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Becker G, Lespine LF, Bahri MA, Serrano ME, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Tirelli E, Plenevaux A. Exercise against cocaine sensitization in mice: a [18F]fallypride micro-PET study. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcab294. [PMID: 35169698 PMCID: PMC8833578 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Wheel-running exercise in laboratory rodents (animal model useful to study the neurobiology of aerobic exercise) decreases behavioural markers of vulnerability to addictive properties of various drugs of abuse including cocaine. However, neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this protective effect are far from fully characterized. Here, 28-day-old female C57BL/6J mice were housed with (n = 48) or without (n = 48) a running wheel for 6 weeks before being tested for acute locomotor responsiveness and initiation of locomotor sensitization to intraperitoneal injections of 8 mg/kg cocaine. The long-term expression of sensitization took place 3 weeks after the last session. On the day after, all mice underwent a micro-PET imaging session with [18F]fallypride radiotracer (dopamine 2/3 receptors antagonist). Exercised mice were less sensitive to acute and sensitized cocaine hyperlocomotor effects, such attenuation being particularly well marked for long-term expression of sensitization (η2P = 0.262). Chronic administration of cocaine was associated with a clear-cut increase of [18F]fallypride binding potential in mouse striatum (η2P = 0.170) while wheel-running exercise was associated with a moderate decrease in dopamine 2/3 receptors density in striatum (η2P = 0.075), a mechanism that might contribute to protective properties of exercise against drugs of abuse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Becker
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Department of Psychology, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Pôle MOPHA, Pôle Est, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Maria Elisa Serrano
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Ezio Tirelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Guo L, Hu A, Zhao X, Xiang X. Reduction of Orexin-A Is Associated With Anxiety and the Level of Depression of Male Methamphetamine Users During the Initial Withdrawal Period. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:900135. [PMID: 35859609 PMCID: PMC9289462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orexin has been linked to the regulation of reward and motivation in animals, but there have been few human studies to validate its regulatory effects. We aimed to determine how orexin-A levels changed during different stages of withdrawal, as well as the relationship between orexin-A levels and withdrawal symptoms in male METH users. METHODS This study included 76 METH users and 35 control participants. The METH users were divided into three groups: group 1 (abstinence within 1 week, n = 23), group 2 (abstinence between 1 week and 3 months, n = 38), and group 3 (abstinence over 3 months, n = 15). At baseline and 1 month of enrollment, the plasma orexin-A level was examined. To track the withdrawal symptoms, self-report questionnaires (anxiety, depression, craving, and sleep quality) were collected at two points. RESULTS The orexin-A levels of groups 1 (p < 0.001) and 2 (p < 0.001) were lower than that of the controls at baseline but not group 3. One month later, the orexin-A levels of group 2 (p < 0.05) significantly increased, while no significant changes in those of groups 1 and 3 were observed. Furthermore, the orexin-A levels of group 1 were positively linked with depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety (p < 0.01) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in orexin-A levels was only transitory during the initial abstinence phase, and it was eventually restored near to normal with continued abstinence among the male METH users. Furthermore, a lower concentration of orexin-A may serve as a risk factor for negative emotions during METH withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aqian Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Kohno M, Dennis LE, McCready H, Hoffman WF. Dopamine dysfunction in stimulant use disorders: mechanistic comparisons and implications for treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:220-229. [PMID: 34117366 PMCID: PMC8664889 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine system deficiencies and associated behavioral phenotypes may be a critical barrier to success in treating stimulant use disorders. Similarities in dopamine dysfunction between cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder but also key differences may impact treatment efficacy and outcome. This review will first compare the epidemiology of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder. A detailed account of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties associated with each drug will then be discussed, with an emphasis on effects on the dopamine system and associated signaling pathways. Lastly, treatment results from pharmacological clinical trials will be summarized along with a more comprehensive review of the involvement of the trace amine-associated receptor on dopamine signaling dysfunction among stimulants and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milky Kohno
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Laura E. Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Holly McCready
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William F. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Mental Health Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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26
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Abstract
Extending from the triple wave epidemic of opioid-related overdose deaths, a fourth wave of high mortality involving methamphetamine and cocaine use has been gathering force. This article provides a review of the published literature on stimulants including epidemiology, pharmacology, neurobiology, medical and psychiatric consequences, withdrawal management, and medical and behavioral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ciccarone
- Justine Miner Professor of Addiction Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, MU3-E, Box 900, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900, USA.
| | - Steve Shoptaw
- Professor and Vice Chair for Research, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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27
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Sørensen G, Rickhag M, Leo D, Lycas MD, Ridderstrøm PH, Weikop P, Lilja JH, Rifes P, Herborg F, Woldbye D, Wörtwein G, Gainetdinov RR, Fink-Jensen A, Gether U. Disruption of the PDZ domain-binding motif of the dopamine transporter uniquely alters nanoscale distribution, dopamine homeostasis, and reward motivation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101361. [PMID: 34756883 PMCID: PMC8648841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is part of a presynaptic multiprotein network involving interactions with scaffold proteins via its C-terminal PDZ domain-binding sequence. Using a mouse model expressing DAT with mutated PDZ-binding sequence (DAT-AAA), we previously demonstrated the importance of this binding sequence for striatal expression of DAT. Here, we show by application of direct stochastic reconstruction microscopy not only that the striatal level of transporter is reduced in DAT-AAA mice but also that the nanoscale distribution of this transporter is altered with a higher propensity of DAT-AAA to localize to irregular nanodomains in dopaminergic terminals. In parallel, we observe mesostriatal DA adaptations and changes in DA-related behaviors distinct from those seen in other genetic DAT mouse models. DA levels in the striatum are reduced to ∼45% of that of WT, accompanied by elevated DA turnover. Nonetheless, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings on striatal slices reveal a larger amplitude and prolonged clearance rate of evoked DA release in DAT-AAA mice compared with WT mice. Autoradiography and radioligand binding show reduced DA D2 receptor levels, whereas immunohistochemistry and autoradiography show unchanged DA D1 receptor levels. In behavioral experiments, we observe enhanced self-administration of liquid food under both a fixed ratio of one and progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement but a reduction compared with WT when using cocaine as reinforcer. In summary, our data demonstrate how disruption of PDZ domain interactions causes changes in DAT expression and its nanoscopic distribution that in turn alter DA clearance dynamics and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Damiana Leo
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew D Lycas
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Herrstedt Ridderstrøm
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Weikop
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jamila H Lilja
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Rifes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wörtwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Zhang R, Manza P, Tomasi D, Kim SW, Shokri-Kojori E, Demiral SB, Kroll DS, Feldman DE, McPherson KL, Biesecker CL, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are distinctly associated with rest-activity rhythms and drug reward. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149722. [PMID: 34264865 DOI: 10.1172/jci149722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain components of rest-activity rhythms such as greater eveningness (delayed phase), physical inactivity (blunted amplitude) and shift work (irregularity) are associated with increased risk for drug use. Dopaminergic (DA) signaling has been hypothesized to mediate the associations, though clinical evidence is lacking. METHODS We examined associations between rhythm components and striatal D1 (D1R) and D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in 32 healthy adults (12 female, age: 42.40±12.22) and its relationship to drug reward. Rest-activity rhythms were assessed by one-week actigraphy combined with self-reports. [11C]NNC112 and [11C]raclopride Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were conducted to measure D1R and D2/3R availability, respectively. Additionally, self-reported drug-rewarding effects of 60 mg oral methylphenidate were assessed. RESULTS We found that delayed rhythm was associated with higher D1R availability in caudate, which was not attributable to sleep loss or 'social jet lag', whereas physical inactivity was associated with higher D2/3R availability in nucleus accumbens (NAc). Delayed rest-activity rhythm, higher caudate D1R and NAc D2/3R availability were associated with greater sensitivity to the rewarding effects of methylphenidate. CONCLUSION These findings reveal specific components of rest-activity rhythms associated with striatal D1R, D2/3R availability and drug-rewarding effects. Personalized interventions that target rest-activity rhythms may help prevent and treat substance use disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03190954FUNDING. This work was accomplished with support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ZIAAA000550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sung Won Kim
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sukru B Demiral
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Danielle S Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Dana E Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Katherine L McPherson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Biesecker
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Chahine A, Koru-Sengul T, Feaster DJ, Dilworth SE, Antoni MH, Klatt N, Roach ME, Pallikkuth S, Sharkey M, Salinas J, Stevenson M, Pahwa S, Fuchs D, Carrico AW. Blue Monday: Co-occurring Stimulant Use and HIV Persistence Predict Dysregulated Catecholamine Synthesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:353-360. [PMID: 33165125 PMCID: PMC11215553 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study examined whether co-occurring stimulant use and HIV disease processes predicted greater risk for depression via dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters. METHODS In total, 110 sexual minority men (ie, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) living with HIV who had biologically confirmed recent methamphetamine use were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) and phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratios were measured over 15 months to index dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for serotonin and catecholamines. Markers of gut-immune dysregulation such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 (sCD14), HIV persistence in immune cells (ie, proviral HIV DNA), and stimulant use were examined as predictors. These bio-behavioral measures, including the K/T and P/T ratios, were also examined as predictors of greater risk for depression over 15 months. RESULTS Higher time-varying sCD14 levels (β = 0.13; P = 0.04) and time-varying detectable viral loads (β = 0.71; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of a higher K/T ratio. Time-varying reactive urine toxicology results for stimulants (β = 0.53; P < 0.001) and greater proviral HIV DNA at baseline (β = 0.34; P < 0.001) independently predicted an increased P/T ratio. Greater time-varying, self-reported methamphetamine use uniquely predicted higher odds of screening positive for depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.17). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing stimulant use and HIV persistence independently predict dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for catecholamines, but this did not explain amplified risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chahine
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Public Health Sciences Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulay Koru-Sengul
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Public Health Sciences Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J. Feaster
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Public Health Sciences Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samantha E. Dilworth
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Antoni
- University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Psychology Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Nichole Klatt
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine; Department of Surgery; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret E. Roach
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Immunology Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Immunology Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark Sharkey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Salinas
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mario Stevenson
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Immunology Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Innsbruck Medical University; Institute for Biochemistry, Biocentre; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam W. Carrico
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Public Health Sciences Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Moreno M, Azocar V, Vergés A, Fuentealba JA. High impulsive choice is accompanied by an increase in dopamine release in rat dorsolateral striatum. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113199. [PMID: 33636234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission has been consistently associated with individual differences in impulsive choice. Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that low striatal dopamine D2 signaling predisposes to engage in impulsive behaviors. Although dopamine D2 signaling controls dopamine (DA) extracellular levels, the relationship between striatal dopamine extracellular levels and impulsive choice remains poorly understood. Using quantitative microdialysis, we investigated whether extracellular DA levels in rat dorsolateral striatum (DLS) correlates with preference for an immediate small reward or for a delayed larger reward. Rats were tested in a delay-discounting task and classified as high impulsive (HI) or low impulsive (LI) according to the area under the discounting curve (AUC). No-net flux microdialysis experiments, assessing basal DA release, DA-uptake, and DA extracellular concentration (DA Cext), were carried out in dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of urethane-anesthetized rats. Rats classified as HI showed a higher DA release compared with LI rats. Differences in DLS DA-uptake and DA Cext were non-significant. Importantly, a significant negative correlation was observed between AUC and DA release, indicating that the lower the AUC, the higher the DLS DA release. This finding shows that DA release is augmented in the DLS of rats classified as HI, suggesting that a hyper-activated nigro-striatal pathway contributes to impulsive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Moreno
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Azocar
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Vergés
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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31
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Liu Y, McNally GP. Dopamine and relapse to drug seeking. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1572-1584. [PMID: 33486769 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actions of dopamine are essential to relapse to drug seeking but we still lack a precise understanding of how dopamine achieves these effects. Here we review recent advances from animal models in understanding how dopamine controls relapse to drug seeking. These advances have been enabled by important developments in understanding the basic neurochemical, molecular, anatomical, physiological and functional properties of the major dopamine pathways in the mammalian brain. The literature shows that although different forms of relapse to seeking different drugs of abuse each depend on dopamine, there are distinct dopamine mechanisms for relapse. Different circuit-level mechanisms, different populations of dopamine neurons and different activity profiles within these dopamine neurons, are important for driving different forms of relapse. This diversity highlights the need to better understand when, where and how dopamine contributes to relapse behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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Caravaggio F, Porco N, Kim J, Torres-Carmona E, Brown E, Iwata Y, Nakajima S, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Measuring amphetamine-induced dopamine release in humans: A comparative meta-analysis of [ 11 C]-raclopride and [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO studies. Synapse 2021; 75:e22195. [PMID: 33471400 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The radiotracers [11 C]-raclopride and [11 C]-(+)-PHNO are commonly used to measure differences in amphetamine-induced dopamine release between healthy persons and persons with neuropsychiatric diseases. As an agonist radiotracer, [11 C]-(+)-PHNO should theoretically be roughly 2.7 times more sensitive to displacement by endogenous dopamine than [11 C]raclopride. To date, only one study has been published comparing the sensitivity of these two radiotracers to amphetamine-induced dopamine release in healthy persons. Unfortunately, conflicting findings in the literature suggests that the dose of amphetamine they employed (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) may not reliably reduce [11 C]-raclopride binding in the caudate. Thus, it is unclear whether the preponderance of evidence supports the theory that [11 C]-(+)-PHNO is more sensitive to displacement by amphetamine in humans than [11 C]-raclopride. In order to clarify these issues, we conducted a comparative meta-analysis summarizing the effects of amphetamine on [11 C]-raclopride and [11 C]-(+)-PHNO binding in healthy humans. Our analysis indicates that amphetamine given at 0.3 mg/kg, p.o. does not reliably reduce [11 C]-raclopride binding in the caudate. Second, the greater sensitivity of [11 C]-(+)-PHNO is evidenced at 0.5 mg/kg, p.o., but not at lower doses of amphetamine. Third, our analysis suggests that [11 C]-(+)-PHNO may be roughly 1.5 to 2.5 times more sensitive to displacement by amphetamine than [11 C]-raclopride in healthy persons. We recommend that future displacement studies with these radiotracers employ 0.5 mg/kg, p.o. of amphetamine with a dose, post-scan interval of at least 3 hr. Using this dose of amphetamine, [11 C]-raclopride studies should employ at least n = 34 participants per group, while [11 C]-(+)-PHNO studies should employ at least n = 6 participants per group, in order to be sufficiently powered (80%) to detect changes in radiotracer binding within the caudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Porco
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Brown
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | | | - Philip Gerretsen
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Grunze H, Csehi R, Born C, Barabássy Á. Reducing Addiction in Bipolar Disorder via Hacking the Dopaminergic System. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:803208. [PMID: 34970175 PMCID: PMC8712474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.803208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays a central and decisive role in substance use disorder (SUD), bipolar disorder (BD), and possibly in a subgroup of patients with refractory depression. Common genetic markers and underlying cellular processes, such as kindling, support the close link between these disorders, which is also expressed by the high rate of comorbidity. Although partial dopamine agonists/antagonists acting on D2 and D3 receptors have an established role in treating BD, their usefulness in SUD is less clear. However, dopamine D3 receptors were shown to play a central role in SUD and BD, making D2/D3 partial agonists/antagonists a potential target for both disorders. This narrative review examines whether these substances bear the promise of a future therapeutic approach especially in patients with comorbid BD and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Grunze
- Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
- Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Réka Csehi
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Medical Division, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Réka Csehi
| | - Christoph Born
- Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
- Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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34
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Dominguez‐Lopez S, Sharma R, Beckstead MJ. Neurotensin receptor 1 deletion decreases methamphetamine self-administration and the associated reduction in dopamine cell firing. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12854. [PMID: 31742874 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a non-selective pharmacological blockade of neurotensin receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) decreases methamphetamine (METH) self-administration in mice. Here, we explored the consequences of genetic deletion of neurotensin receptor 1 (NtsR1) on METH self-administration and VTA dopamine neuron firing activity. We implanted mice with an indwelling jugular catheter and trained them to nose-poke for intravenous infusions of METH. Mice with NtsR1 deletion (KO) acquired self-administration similar to wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (HET) littermates. However, in NtsR1 KO and HET mice, METH intake and motivated METH seeking decreased when the response requirement was increased to a fixed ratio 3 and when mice were tested on a progressive ratio protocol. After completion of METH self-administration, single cell in vivo extracellular recordings of dopamine firing activity in the VTA were obtained in anesthetized mice. Non-bursting dopamine neurons from KO mice fired at slower rates than those from WT mice, supporting an excitatory role for NtsR1 on VTA dopamine neuronal activity. In WT mice, a history of METH self-administration decreased dopamine cell firing frequency compared with cells from drug-naïve controls. NtsR1 KO and HET mice did not exhibit this decline in dopamine cell firing activity after METH experience. We also observed an increase in population activity following METH self-administration that was strongest in the WT group. Our results suggest a role for NtsR1 in METH-seeking behavior and indicate that ablation of NtsR1 prevents the detrimental effects of prolonged METH self-administration on VTA dopamine cell firing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dominguez‐Lopez
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
| | - Michael J. Beckstead
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK USA
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Hu L, Oden N, Tai B, VanVeldhuisen P. Prevalence of obesity among U.S. population with substance dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108293. [PMID: 32980787 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate associations between substance dependence and obesity. METHODS Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) status and the status of dependence on heroin, stimulant, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol (past-month status for nicotine and past-year status for all others) were identified from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2015-2017) datasets. SAS Surveylogistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the association between each substance dependence and obesity, adjusting for potentially confounding effects of sociodemographic factors and health condition. RESULTS It was estimated that 10.6 % of noninstitutional U.S. residents aged 12 years or older were nicotine-dependent, 3.0 % alcohol-dependent, 1.0 % marijuana-dependent, 0.6 % stimulant-dependent, and 0.2 % heroin-dependent. Heroin-dependent individuals had 59 % lower odds of obesity relative to their non-dependent counterparts (AOR = 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.28-0.60; p < 0.0001). Lower odds of obesity were also noted for marijuana-dependent (AOR = 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.56-0.73; p < 0.0001), nicotine-dependent (AOR = 0.68; 95 % CI: 0.64-0.72; p < 0.0001) and alcohol-dependent (AOR = 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.69-0.84; p < 0.0001) individuals, but not statistically significant for stimulant-dependent individuals (AOR = 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.68-1.02; p = 0.0825). CONCLUSIONS Heroin, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol dependence were associated with lower odds of obesity than their non-dependence counterparts. Main findings based on 2015-2017 NSDUH are consistent with findings from our prior report based on clinical trials data from National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network, and other epidemiological evidence in the literature. These findings can alert substance abuse treatment professionals to monitor weight change, especially among weight-concerned substance abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Hu
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Neal Oden
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Betty Tai
- Center for Clinical Trials Network, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Amphetamine-induced alteration to gaze parameters: A novel conceptual pathway and implications for naturalistic behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101929. [PMID: 33091542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical, pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal monoamine (primarily dopaminergic) systems, producing alterations to key brain regions which manifest as stereotyped ridged behaviour which occurs under both acute and chronic dosing schedules and persists beyond detoxification. Despite evidence of amphetamine-induced visual attentional dysfunction, no conceptual synthesis has yet captured how characteristic pharmaco-behavioural processes are critically implicated via these pathways, nor described the potential implications for safety-sensitive behaviours. Drawing on known pathomechanisms, we propose a cross-disciplinary, novel conceptual functional system framework for delineating the biobehavioural consequences of amphetamine use on visual attentional capacity and discuss the implications for functional and behavioural outcomes. Specifically, we highlight the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on visual information processing for timely execution of visually-guided movements. Following this, we highlight the potential impact on safety-sensitive, but common behaviours, such as driving a motor vehicle. The close pathophysiological relationship between oculomotor control and higher-order cognitive processes further suggests that dynamic measurement of movement related to the motion of the eye (gaze behaviour) may be a simple, effective and direct measure of behavioural performance capabilities in naturalistic settings. Consequently, we discuss the potential efficacy of ocular monitoring for the detection and monitoring of driver states for this drug user group, and potential wider application. Significance statement: We propose a novel biochemical-physiological-behavioural pathway which delineates how amphetamine use critically alters oculomotor function, visual-attentional performance and information processing capabilities. Given the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on these processes, we recommend oculography as a novel means of detecting and monitoring gaze behaviours during naturalistic tasks such as driving. Real-word examination of gaze behaviour therefore present as an effective means to detect driver impairment and prevent performance degradation due to these drugs.
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Saloner R, Cherner M, Sundermann EE, Watson CWM, Iudicello JE, Letendre SL, Kumar A, Ellis RJ. COMT val158met genotype alters the effects of methamphetamine dependence on dopamine and dopamine-related executive function: preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res 2020; 292:113269. [PMID: 32739643 PMCID: PMC7530039 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Met-allele of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism slows metabolism and increases bioavailability of dopamine (DA) in the prefrontal cortex compared to the Val-allele. Healthy Met-carriers outperform Val-carriers on executive function (EF) tests, yet this 'advantage' disappears in methamphetamine (METH) dependence. Met-carriers may be disproportionately vulnerable to METH-related perturbations of DA, yet it is unknown whether COMT modulates METH effects on CSF DA biomarkers. Participants were 75 METH+ and 47 METH- men who underwent neurocognitive testing, COMT genotyping, and lumbar puncture. CSF was assayed for DA and its metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA). Separate linear models regressed DA, HVA, and HVA/DA ratios on COMT, METH and their interaction. Pearson correlations examined associations between DA and EF. Significant interactions indicated that METH+ had lower DA and higher HVA/DA ratios among Met/Met, but not Val/Met-or Val/Val. Met/Met-exhibited the highest DA levels among METH-, whereas DA levels were comparable between Met/Met-and Val-carriers among METH+. Higher DA correlated with better EF in METH- Met/Met, but did not predict EF in the entire sample. DA was expectedly higher in METH- Met/Met, yet a discordant genotype-phenotype profile emerged in METH+ Met/Met, consistent with the notion that slow DA clearance exacerbates METH-associated DA dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Saloner
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mariana Cherner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Wei-Ming Watson
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Iudicello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Söderpalm B, Danielsson K, Bejczy A, Adermark L, Ericson M. Combined administration of varenicline and bupropion produces additive effects on accumbal dopamine and abolishes the alcohol deprivation effect in rats. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12807. [PMID: 31293045 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is detrimental to health and causes preterm death. Unfortunately, available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments have small effect sizes, and improved treatments are needed. Smoking and AUD share heritability and are pharmacologically associated, since drug-induced dopamine (DA) output in nucleus accumbens (nAc) involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in both cases. Smoking therapy agents, such as the partial nAChR agonist varenicline or the DA/noradrenaline transporter inhibitor bupropion, could potentially also be used for AUD. To investigate this hypothesis, the effects of varenicline, bupropion, or a combination of the two on nAc DA levels, ethanol intake, and the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) were examined. In vivo microdialysis showed that varenicline (1.5 mg/kg) and bupropion (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) elevated nAc DA levels and that the combination produced additive effects. Five days treatment with varenicline, bupropion, or the combination did not suppress ethanol consumption, as compared with vehicle-treated control. However, combined administration of varenicline and bupropion completely blocked the ADE when readministering ethanol following 14 days of abstinence. Since ADE is considered highly predictive for the clinical outcome in man, our data suggest that the combination of varenicline and bupropion could be a promising treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- BeroendeklinikenSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Klara Danielsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrea Bejczy
- BeroendeklinikenSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Kim B, Yun J, Park B. Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Damage: Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:381-388. [PMID: 32668144 PMCID: PMC7457172 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to drug addiction and causes serious health complications, including attention deficit, memory loss and cognitive decline. These neurological complications are strongly associated with METH-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, which leads to neuronal cell death. The current review investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying METH-mediated neuronal damages. Our analysis demonstrates that the process of neuronal impairment by METH is closely related to oxidative stress, transcription factor activation, DNA damage, excitatory toxicity and various apoptosis pathways. Thus, we reach the conclusion here that METH-induced neuronal damages are attributed to the neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effect of the drug. This review provides an insight into the mechanisms of METH addiction and contributes to the discovery of therapeutic targets on neurological impairment by METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangmi Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Nestor LJ, Suckling J, Ersche KD, Murphy A, McGonigle J, Orban C, Paterson LM, Reed L, Taylor E, Flechais R, Smith D, Bullmore ET, Elliott R, Deakin B, Rabiner I, Hughes AL, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Nutt DJ. Disturbances across whole brain networks during reward anticipation in an abstinent addiction population. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102297. [PMID: 32505119 PMCID: PMC7270610 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods can capture key features of whole brain networks in addiction. We compared reward network connectivity in addiction (ADD) and control (CON) groups. The ADD group showed disruptions in global network connectivity. Global network measures may be more sensitive than traditional voxel-wise analyses.
The prevalent spatial distribution of abnormalities reported in cognitive fMRI studies in addiction suggests there are extensive disruptions across whole brain networks. Studies using resting state have reported disruptions in network connectivity in addiction, but these studies have not revealed characteristics of network functioning during critical psychological processes that are disrupted in addiction populations. Analytic methods that can capture key features of whole brain networks during psychological processes may be more sensitive in revealing additional and widespread neural disturbances in addiction, that are the provisions for relapse risk, and targets for medication development. The current study compared a substance addiction (ADD; n = 83) group in extended abstinence with a control (CON; n = 68) group on functional MRI (voxel-wise activation) and global network (connectivity) measures related to reward anticipation on a monetary incentive delay task. In the absence of group differences on MID performance, the ADD group showed reduced activation predominantly across temporal and visual regions, but not across the striatum. The ADD group also showed disruptions in global network connectivity (lower clustering coefficient and higher characteristic path length), and significantly less connectivity across a sub-network comprising frontal, temporal, limbic and striatal nodes. These results show that an addiction group in extended abstinence exhibit localised disruptions in brain activation, but more extensive disturbances in functional connectivity across whole brain networks. We propose that measures of global network functioning may be more sensitive in highlighting latent and more widespread neural disruptions during critical psychological processes in addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Nestor
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John McGonigle
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Csaba Orban
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Paterson
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Reed
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Remy Flechais
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ilan Rabiner
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Lingford Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Ostroumov A, Wittenberg RE, Kimmey BA, Taormina MB, Holden WM, McHugh AT, Dani JA. Acute Nicotine Exposure Alters Ventral Tegmental Area Inhibitory Transmission and Promotes Diazepam Consumption. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0348-19.2020. [PMID: 32102779 PMCID: PMC7082131 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0348-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use increases the risk for subsequent abuse of other addictive drugs, but the biological basis underlying this risk remains largely unknown. Interactions between nicotine and other drugs of abuse may arise from nicotine-induced neural adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, a common pathway for the reinforcing effects of many addictive substances. Previous work identified nicotine-induced neuroadaptations that alter inhibitory transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here, we test whether nicotine-induced dysregulation of GABAergic signaling within the VTA increases the vulnerability for benzodiazepine abuse that has been reported in smokers. We demonstrate in rats that nicotine exposure dysregulates diazepam-induced inhibition of VTA GABA neurons and increases diazepam consumption. In VTA GABA neurons, nicotine impaired KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, depolarized the GABAA reversal potential, and shifted the pharmacological effect of diazepam on GABA neurons from inhibition toward excitation. In parallel, nicotine-related alterations in GABA signaling observed ex vivo were associated with enhanced diazepam-induced inhibition of lateral VTA DA neurons in vivo Targeting KCC2 with the agonist CLP290 normalized diazepam-induced effects on VTA GABA transmission and reduced diazepam consumption following nicotine administration to the control level. Together, our results provide insights into midbrain circuit alterations resulting from nicotine exposure that contribute to the abuse of other drugs, such as benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ostroumov
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ruthie E Wittenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Blake A Kimmey
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Madison B Taormina
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - William M Holden
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Albert T McHugh
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John A Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Sun Q, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Su H, Chen T, Jiang H, Du J, Zhong N, Yu S, Zhao M. An association study between methamphetamine use disorder with psychosis and polymorphisms in MiRNA. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134725. [PMID: 31881254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is an addictive psychostimulant substance that mainly leads to schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. The expression of miRNAs in brain plays an important role in neurological disorders and may affect by genetic variant(s) in the target site (MiRSNPs). In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in miRNAs are associated with MA disorder with psychosis. METHODS We carried out a case-control association study in 400 MA users with psychotic characters and 448 controls. Six MiRSNPs with predicted functional relevance miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-181a, miR-15b, miR-let-7e and miRlet-7d) were selected for genotyping. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between MA users and healthy individuals. The expression of five miRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 55 cases and 57 controls. We also explored an expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis based on the miRNAs expression and SNP genotype. RESULTS The SNP rs10760371 within miR-181a was nominally associated with MA disorder (P = 0.046). For rs1099308, rs10760371 and rs10993081 in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), no significant association had been detected from haplotype analysis. Discrepancy had been found between MA users and healthy individuals (P < 0.01) in terms of the expression of miR-181a, miR-15b, miR-let-7e and miR-let-7d. and no noticeable difference had been found from the eQTL analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that rs10760371 within miR-181a may relate to the development of MA dependence with psychosis. The miRNAs expression is unlikely to be regulated by the SNPs within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Ma T, Sun Y, Ku Y. Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Stimulant Craving in Users of Cocaine, Amphetamine, or Methamphetamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1095. [PMID: 31680830 PMCID: PMC6813242 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine system plays a pivotal role in specific kinds of substance use disorders (SUD, i. e., cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders). Many studies addressed whether dopamine-involved craving could be alleviated by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. Nevertheless, the outcomes were highly inconsistent and the stimulating parameters were highly variable. In the current study, we ran a meta-analysis to identify an overall effect size of NIBS and try to find stimulating parameters of special note. We primarily find 2,530 unduplicated studies in PubMed, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar database involving “Cocaine”/“Amphetamine”/“Methamphetamine” binded with “TMS”/“tDCS”/“non-invasive stimulation” in either field. After visual screening, 26 studies remained. While 16 studies were further excluded due to the lack of data, invalid craving scoring or the absence of sham condition. At last, 16 units of analysis in 12 eligible studies were coded and forwarded to a random-effect analysis. The results showed a large positive main effect of stimulation (Hedge's g = 1.116, CI = [0.597, 1.634]). Further subgroup analysis found that only high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could elicit a significant decrease in craving, while the outcome of low-frequency stimulation was relatively controversial. Moreover, univariate meta regression revealed that the number of pulses per session could impose negative moderation toward the intervention. No significant moderation effect was found in types of abuse, overall days of stimulation and other variables of stimulating protocol. In conclusion, this meta-analysis offered a persuasive evidence for the feasibility of using NIBS to remit substance addictive behavior directly based on dopamine system. We also give clear methodological guidance that researchers are expected to use high-frequency, sufficiently segmented rTMS to improve the efficacy in future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Ma
- The Shanghai Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Sun
- The Shanghai Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Ku
- School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Shanghai, China
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Qian W, Huang P, Shen Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Zhang M. Brain Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity Are Associated With Smoking Cessation Outcomes. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:361. [PMID: 31680913 PMCID: PMC6803765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking cessation is critical for reducing the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. However, most cessation attempts resulted in failure. In the present study, we aim to explore whether alterations of brain gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity (FC) are related to cessation outcomes, in hope of providing evidence for improving smoking cessation outcomes. Seventy-three smokers and 41 non-smokers were enrolled in the present study. All smokers participated in a 12-week smoking cessation treatment during which Varenicline was used to aid cessation. At the end of treatment, the smokers were divided into quitters and relapsers based on their abstinence performance. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry were applied to quantify the differences of regional brain volumes among the three groups at baseline. In addition, resting-state FC was used to investigate the related functional changes. In comparison with non-smokers, the smokers showed smaller GM volume in the left dorsal medial thalamus. Among the 73 smokers, 29 subjects successfully quitted smoking. The quitters showed greater GM volume than the relapsers in the right postcentral gyrus, right putamen\caudate nucleus and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The GM volume in the left OFC was found to be negatively correlated with the pack years and daily smoking amount in the quitters. Furthermore, we found significantly reduced FC between left thalamus and left cerebellum in the relapsers. These findings extended our knowledge of the neural mechanism of smoking cessation, and suggested that brain structural and functional changes were related to smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Zhang R, Volkow ND. Brain default-mode network dysfunction in addiction. Neuroimage 2019; 200:313-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Spagnolo PA, Kimes A, Schwandt ML, Shokri-Kojori E, Thada S, Phillips KA, Diazgranados N, Preston KL, Herscovitch P, Tomasi D, Ramchandani VA, Heilig M. Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Morphine: A [ 11C]Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography Study in Healthy Men. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:356-364. [PMID: 31097294 PMCID: PMC6699765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and human positron emission tomography studies have produced inconsistent results regarding the effects of opioids on mesolimbic dopamine (DA). Here, we quantify striatal DA release (measured by [11C]raclopride displacement) in response to an intravenous infusion of morphine, and its relationship with morphine-induced subjective effects, in healthy, nondependent opioid-experienced participants. METHODS Fifteen healthy male participants were initially included. Sessions were on separate days. On session 1, participants received intravenous morphine (10 mg/70 kg) in the clinic to ensure tolerability. Participants without adverse reactions (n = 10) then received intravenous morphine and placebo (saline) sessions, in counterbalanced order, while undergoing [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scans. Subjective and physiological responses were assessed. Region-of-interest and voxelwise image analyses were used to assess changes in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential. RESULTS Morphine produced marked subjective and physiological effects and induced a significant decrease in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential, particularly in the nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus, where the change in [11C]raclopride nondisplaceable binding potential was approximately 9%. However, the subjective effects of morphine did not show a simple pattern of correlation with DA release. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first study providing in vivo human evidence that DA transmission in the ventral striatum is affected by morphine. Further studies are required to fully delineate the DA contribution to the reinforcing effects of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primavera A Spagnolo
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alane Kimes
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shantalaxmi Thada
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karran A Phillips
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenzie L Preston
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Instutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Lee NR, Zheng G, Leggas M, Janganati V, Nickell JR, Crooks PA, Bardo MT, Dwoskin LP. GZ-11608, a Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 Inhibitor, Decreases the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Methamphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:526-543. [PMID: 31413138 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite escalating methamphetamine use and high relapse rates, pharmacotherapeutics for methamphetamine use disorders are not available. Our iterative drug discovery program had found that R-N-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-cis-di-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (GZ-793A), a selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, specifically decreased methamphetamine's behavioral effects. However, GZ-793A inhibited human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels, suggesting cardiotoxicity and prohibiting clinical development. The current study determined if replacement of GZ-793A's piperidine ring with a phenylalkyl group to yield S-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)propan-1-amine (GZ-11608) diminished hERG interaction while retaining pharmacological efficacy. VMAT2 inhibition, target selectivity, and mechanism of GZ-11608-induced inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release were determined. We used GZ-11608 doses that decreased methamphetamine-sensitized activity to evaluate the potential exacerbation of methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. GZ-11608-induced decreases in methamphetamine reinforcement and abuse liability were determined using self-administration, reinstatement, and substitution assays. Results show that GZ-11608 exhibited high affinity (Ki = 25 nM) and selectivity (92-1180-fold) for VMAT2 over nicotinic receptors, dopamine transporter, and hERG, suggesting low side-effects. GZ-11608 (EC50 = 620 nM) released vesicular dopamine 25-fold less potently than it inhibited VMAT2 dopamine uptake. GZ-11608 competitively inhibited methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release (Schild regression slope = 0.9 ± 0.13). GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine sensitization without altering striatal dopamine content or exacerbating methamphetamine-induced dopamine depletion, revealing efficacy without neurotoxicity. GZ-11608 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and rapid brain penetration. GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine self-administration, and this effect was not surmounted by increasing methamphetamine unit doses. GZ-11608 reduced cue- and methamphetamine-induced reinstatement, suggesting potential to prevent relapse. GZ-11608 neither served as a reinforcer nor substituted for methamphetamine, suggesting low abuse liability. Thus, GZ-11608, a potent and selective VMAT2 inhibitor, shows promise as a therapeutic for methamphetamine use disorder. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GZ-11608 is a potent and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitor that decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release from isolated synaptic vesicles from brain dopaminergic neurons. Results from behavioral studies show that GZ-11608 specifically decreases methamphetamine-sensitized locomotor activity, methamphetamine self-administration, and reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior, without exhibiting abuse liability. Tolerance does not develop to the efficacy of GZ-11608 to decrease the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. In conclusion, GZ-11608 is an outstanding lead in our search for a therapeutic to treat methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Justin R Nickell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
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Chang S, Fan Y, Shin JH, Ryu Y, Kim MS, Steffensen SC, Kim HK, Kim JM, Lee BH, Jang EY, Yang CH, Kim HY. Unpleasant Sound Elicits Negative Emotion and Reinstates Drug Seeking. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7594-7607. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Valian N, Heravi M, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Effect of methamphetamine on rat primary midbrain cells; mitochondrial biogenesis as a compensatory response. Neuroscience 2019; 406:278-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Effects of stimulant drug use on the dopaminergic system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 59:15-24. [PMID: 30981746 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulant drugs can cause persistent changes in the brain. Imaging studies show that these changes are most apparent in dopamine transporter (DAT) or receptor availability within the striatum. METHODS This work focuses on influences of stimulant use on dopaminergic function assessed using nuclear-medicine imaging (PET/SPECT). Included are 39 studies on 655 cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine or nicotine users, as well as 690 healthy controls. Metaanalyses were conducted separately for D2/D3 receptors and dopamine transporters of the entire striatum, its subregions caudate and putamen respectively. RESULTS Meta-analyses results regarding nicotine did not show significant effects between smokers and nonsmokers. In cocaine users there was a significant decrease in dopamine receptor availability in all regions. The striatal DAT availability was significantly increased in cocaine users. Methamphetamine users showed a significantly decreased dopamine receptor and transporter density in all regions. Significant results also indicate a lower transporter availability in all regions. Amphetamine users showed reduced DAT availability in the striatum, as well as in the sub regions. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that there are ongoing changes in the dopaminergic system associated with the use of stimulants. Especially the results of cocaine, methamphetamine and amphetamine use mainly showed a downregulation. In addition, this meta-analysis is the first to include nicotine. This subset of studies showed evidence for a decreased receptor and DAT availability but no significant results were found in the metaanalyses.
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