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Feng N, Mandal A, Jambhale A, Narnur P, Chen G, Akula N, Kramer R, Kolachana B, Xu Q, McMahon FJ, Lipska BK, Auluck PK, Marenco S. Schizophrenia risk-associated SNPs affect expression of microRNA 137 host gene: a postmortem study. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae130. [PMID: 39239979 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Common variants in the MicroRNA 137 host gene MIR137HG and its adjacent gene DPYD have been associated with schizophrenia risk and the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Genome-Wide Association Study on schizophrenia has confirmed and extended these findings. To elucidate the association of schizophrenia risk-associated SNPs in this genomic region, we examined the expression of both mature and immature transcripts of the miR-137 host gene (MIR137HG) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) of postmortem brain samples of donors with schizophrenia and psychiatrically-unaffected controls using qPCR and RNA-Seq approaches. No differential expression of miR-137, MIR137HG, or its transcripts was observed. Two schizophrenia risk-associated SNPs identified in the PGC study, rs11165917 (DLPFC: P = 2.0e-16; sgACC: P = 6.4e-10) and rs4274102 (DLPFC: P = 0.036; sgACC: P = 0.002), were associated with expression of the MIR137HG long non-coding RNA transcript MIR137HG-203 (ENST00000602672.2) in individuals of European ancestry. Carriers of the minor (risk) allele of rs11165917 had significantly lower expression of MIR137HG-203 compared with those carrying the major allele. However, we were unable to validate this result by short-read sequencing of RNA extracted from DLPFC or sgACC tissue. This finding suggests that immature transcripts of MIR137HG may contribute to genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningping Feng
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ajeet Mandal
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ananya Jambhale
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Pranav Narnur
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, bldg 10, room 1D73, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nirmala Akula
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Dr. Bldg. 35, RM 1A202, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Robin Kramer
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Bhaskar Kolachana
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Qing Xu
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Dr. Bldg. 35, RM 1A202, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, room 4N218, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Souza BR, Codo BC, Romano-Silva MA, Tropepe V. Darpp-32 is regulated by dopamine and is required for the formation of GABAergic neurons in the developing telencephalon. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111060. [PMID: 38906412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr. 32 kDa) is a phosphoprotein that is modulated by multiple receptors integrating intracellular pathways and playing roles in various physiological functions. It is regulated by dopaminergic receptors through the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which modulates the phosphorylation of threonine 34 (Thr34). When phosphorylated at Thr34, DARPP-32 becomes a potent protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibitor. Since dopamine is involved in the development of GABAergic neurons and DARPP-32 is expressed in the developing brain, it is possible that DARPP-32 has a role in GABAergic neuronal development. We cloned the zebrafish darpp-32 gene (ppp1r1b) gene and observed that it is evolutionarily conserved in its inhibitory domain (Thr34 and surrounding residues) and the docking motif (residues 7-11 (KKIQF)). We also characterized darpp-32 protein expression throughout the 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larval brain by immunofluorescence and demonstrated that darpp-32 is mainly expressed in regions that receive dopaminergic projections (pallium, subpallium, preoptic region, and hypothalamus). We demonstrated that dopamine acutely suppressed darpp-32 activity by reducing the levels of p-darpp-32 in the 5dpf zebrafish larval brain. In addition, the knockdown of darpp-32 resulted in a decrease in the number of GABAergic neurons in the subpallium of the 5dpf larval brain, with a concomitant increase in the number of DAergic neurons. Finally, we demonstrated that darpp-32 downregulation during development reduced the motor behavior of 5dpf zebrafish larvae. Thus, our observations suggest that darpp-32 is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of dopamine receptor signaling and is required for the formation of GABAergic neurons in the developing telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rezende Souza
- Laboratório NeuroDEv, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 31270-901; Laboratório de Neurociências Molecular e Comportamental (LANEC) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Campos Codo
- Laboratório NeuroDEv, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 31270-901; Laboratório de Neurociências Molecular e Comportamental (LANEC) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências and INCT de Medicina Molecular, Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 30130-100
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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Fjodorova M, Noakes Z, De La Fuente DC, Errington AC, Li M. Dysfunction of cAMP-Protein Kinase A-Calcium Signaling Axis in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons: A Role in Schizophrenia and Huntington's Disease Neuropathology. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:418-429. [PMID: 37519464 PMCID: PMC10382711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are preferentially lost in Huntington's disease. Genomic studies also implicate a direct role for MSNs in schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder known to involve cortical neuron dysfunction. It remains unknown whether the two diseases share similar MSN pathogenesis or if neuronal deficits can be attributed to cell type-dependent biological pathways. Transcription factor BCL11B, which is expressed by all MSNs and deep layer cortical neurons, was recently proposed to drive selective neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease and identified as a candidate risk gene in schizophrenia. Methods Using human stem cell-derived neurons lacking BCL11B as a model, we investigated cellular pathology in MSNs and cortical neurons in the context of these disorders. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and published genome-wide association study datasets identified cell type-specific disease-related phenotypes. Results We uncover a role for BCL11B in calcium homeostasis in both neuronal types, while deficits in mitochondrial function and PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent calcium transients are detected only in MSNs. Moreover, BCL11B-deficient MSNs display abnormal responses to glutamate and fail to integrate dopaminergic and glutamatergic stimulation, a key feature of striatal neurons in vivo. Gene enrichment analysis reveals overrepresentation of disorder risk genes among BCL11B-regulated pathways, primarily relating to cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling axis and synaptic signaling. Conclusions Our study indicates that Huntington's disease and schizophrenia are likely to share neuronal pathophysiology where dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis is found in both striatal and cortical neurons. In contrast, reduction in PKA signaling and abnormal dopamine/glutamate receptor signaling is largely specific to MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Fjodorova
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Noakes
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. De La Fuente
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adam C. Errington
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Zhang HC, Du Y, Chen L, Yuan ZQ, Cheng Y. MicroRNA schizophrenia: Etiology, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105064. [PMID: 36707012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The three sets of symptoms associated with schizophrenia-positive, negative, and cognitive-are burdensome and have serious effects on public health, which affects up to 1% of the population. It is now commonly believed that in addition to the traditional dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, the etiology of schizophrenia also includes neuronal networks, such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation and the immune system. Small noncoding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to light as possible participants in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in recent years by having an impact on these systems. These small RNAs regulate the stability and translation of hundreds of target transcripts, which has an impact on the entire gene network. There may be improved approaches to treat and diagnose schizophrenia if it is understood how these changes in miRNAs alter the critical related signaling pathways that drive the development and progression of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chang Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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Wysocka EM, Page M, Snowden J, Simpson TI. Comparison of rule- and ordinary differential equation-based dynamic model of DARPP-32 signalling network. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14516. [PMID: 36540795 PMCID: PMC9760030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic modelling has considerably improved our understanding of complex molecular mechanisms. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are the most detailed and popular approach to modelling the dynamics of molecular systems. However, their application in signalling networks, characterised by multi-state molecular complexes, can be prohibitive. Contemporary modelling methods, such as rule- based (RB) modelling, have addressed these issues. The advantages of RB modelling over ODEs have been presented and discussed in numerous reviews. In this study, we conduct a direct comparison of the time courses of a molecular system founded on the same reaction network but encoded in the two frameworks. To make such a comparison, a set of reactions that underlie an ODE model was manually encoded in the Kappa language, one of the RB implementations. A comparison of the models was performed at the level of model specification and dynamics, acquired through model simulations. In line with previous reports, we confirm that the Kappa model recapitulates the general dynamics of its ODE counterpart with minor differences. These occur when molecules have multiple sites binding the same interactor. Furthermore, activation of these molecules in the RB model is slower than in the ODE one. As reported for other molecular systems, we find that, also for the DARPP-32 reaction network, the RB representation offers a more expressive and flexible syntax that facilitates access to fine details of the model, easing model reuse. In parallel with these analyses, we report a refactored model of the DARPP-32 interaction network that can serve as a canvas for the development of more complex dynamic models to study this important molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Wysocka
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - T. Ian Simpson
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Luo L, You W, DelBello MP, Gong Q, Li F. Recent advances in psychoradiology. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 36279868 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac9d1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Psychiatry, as a field, lacks objective markers for diagnosis, progression, treatment planning, and prognosis, in part due to difficulties studying the brain in vivo, and diagnoses are based on self-reported symptoms and observation of patient behavior and cognition. Rapid advances in brain imaging techniques allow clinical investigators to noninvasively quantify brain features at the structural, functional, and molecular levels. Psychoradiology is an emerging discipline at the intersection of psychiatry and radiology. Psychoradiology applies medical imaging technologies to psychiatry and promises not only to improve insight into structural and functional brain abnormalities in patients with psychiatric disorders but also to have potential clinical utility. We searched for representative studies related to recent advances in psychoradiology through May 1, 2022, and conducted a selective review of 165 references, including 75 research articles. We summarize the novel dynamic imaging processing methods to model brain networks and present imaging genetics studies that reveal the relationship between various neuroimaging endophenotypes and genetic markers in psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we survey recent advances in psychoradiology, with a focus on future psychiatric diagnostic approaches with dimensional analysis and a shift from group-level to individualized analysis. Finally, we examine the application of machine learning in psychoradiology studies and the potential of a novel option for brain stimulation treatment based on psychoradiological findings in precision medicine. Here, we provide a summary of recent advances in psychoradiology research, and we hope this review will help guide the practice of psychoradiology in the scientific and clinical fields.
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Ma H, Qiu R, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang M. Association of PPP1R1B polymorphisms with working memory in healthy Han Chinese adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:989046. [PMID: 36440265 PMCID: PMC9685989 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.989046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), which is encoded by the PPP1R1B gene, plays a converging regulatory role in the central nervous system by mediating the actions of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Previous studies have demonstrated that variations in genes related to the dopamine system influence working memory. The present study thus investigated whether polymorphisms in PPP1R1B gene were associated with working memory. Materials and methods A sample of 124 healthy Han Chinese were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms of PPP1R1B gene, namely rs12601930C/T, rs879606A/G, and rs3764352A/G, using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Working memory performance was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results Significant differences were observed in the Total Correct (TC), Total Errors (TE), and Conceptual Level Responses (CLR) scores of the WCST among the three rs12601930C/T genotypes (p = 0.044, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively); in TC, TE, Non-Perseverative Errors (NPE), and CLR scores between participants with the CC and (CT + TT) rs12601930C/T polymorphism genotypes (p = 0.032, 0.032, 0.019, and 0.029, respectively); in TC, TE, Perseverative Errors (PE), NPE, and CLR scores between participants with the (CT + CC) and TT rs12601930C/T polymorphism genotypes (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.011, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively); and in NPE and CLR scores between participants with the GG and (AG + AA) genotypes of the rs3764352A/G polymorphism (p = 0.011 and 0.010). Furthermore, for males only, there were significant differences in TC, TE, PE, NPE, and CLR scores among the rs12601930C/T genotypes (p = 0.020, 0.020, 0.037, 0.029, and 0.014, respectively) and NPE and CLR scores among the rs3764352 genotypes (p = 0.045 and 0.042). Conclusion PPP1R1B gene polymorphisms rs12601930C/T and rs3764352A/G might be associated with working memory assessed by the WCST in healthy Chinese adults, especially among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Hainan Provincial Institute of Mental Health, Hainan Provincial Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Riyang Qiu
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Bei’an, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Therapy, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang,
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Sciolino N, Liu A, Breindel L, Burz DS, Sulchek T, Shekhtman A. Microfluidics delivery of DARPP-32 into HeLa cells maintains viability for in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:451. [PMID: 35551287 PMCID: PMC9098904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution structural studies of proteins and protein complexes in a native eukaryotic environment present a challenge to structural biology. In-cell NMR can characterize atomic resolution structures but requires high concentrations of labeled proteins in intact cells. Most exogenous delivery techniques are limited to specific cell types or are too destructive to preserve cellular physiology. The feasibility of microfluidics transfection or volume exchange for convective transfer, VECT, as a means to deliver labeled target proteins to HeLa cells for in-cell NMR experiments is demonstrated. VECT delivery does not require optimization or impede cell viability; cells are immediately available for long-term eukaryotic in-cell NMR experiments. In-cell NMR-based drug screening using VECT was demonstrated by collecting spectra of the sensor molecule DARPP32, in response to exogenous administration of Forskolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sciolino
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Georgia Tech, School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Leonard Breindel
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - David S Burz
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- Georgia Tech, School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Mouat JS, LaSalle JM. The Promise of DNA Methylation in Understanding Multigenerational Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Genet 2022; 13:831221. [PMID: 35242170 PMCID: PMC8886225 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social reciprocity and communication, restrictive interests, and repetitive behaviors. Most cases of ASD arise from a confluence of genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors, whose interactions can be studied through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. While various parental factors are known to increase risk for ASD, several studies have indicated that grandparental and great-grandparental factors may also contribute. In animal studies, gestational exposure to certain environmental factors, such as insecticides, medications, and social stress, increases risk for altered behavioral phenotypes in multiple subsequent generations. Changes in DNA methylation, gene expression, and chromatin accessibility often accompany these altered behavioral phenotypes, with changes often appearing in genes that are important for neurodevelopment or have been previously implicated in ASD. One hypothesized mechanism for these phenotypic and methylation changes includes the transmission of DNA methylation marks at individual chromosomal loci from parent to offspring and beyond, called multigenerational epigenetic inheritance. Alternatively, intermediate metabolic phenotypes in the parental generation may confer risk from the original grandparental exposure to risk for ASD in grandchildren, mediated by DNA methylation. While hypothesized mechanisms require further research, the potential for multigenerational epigenetics assessments of ASD risk has implications for precision medicine as the field attempts to address the variable etiology and clinical signs of ASD by incorporating genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In this review, we discuss the promise of multigenerational DNA methylation investigations in understanding the complex etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Mouat
- LaSalle Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- LaSalle Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Zhang CY, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Li M. An alternative splicing hypothesis for neuropathology of schizophrenia: evidence from studies on historical candidate genes and multi-omics data. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:95-112. [PMID: 33686213 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of schizophrenia risk genes, such as DRD2, GRM3, and DISC1, has been extensively described. Nevertheless, the alternative splicing characteristics of the growing number of schizophrenia risk genes identified through genetic analyses remain relatively opaque. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in human brains based on short-read RNA-sequencing have discovered many "local splicing" events (e.g., exon skipping junctions) associated with genetic risk of schizophrenia, and further molecular characterizations have identified novel spliced isoforms, such as AS3MTd2d3 and ZNF804AE3E4. In addition, long-read sequencing analyses of schizophrenia risk genes (e.g., CACNA1C and NRXN1) have revealed multiple previously unannotated brain-abundant isoforms with therapeutic potentials, and functional analyses of KCNH2-3.1 and Ube3a1 have provided examples for investigating such spliced isoforms in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that alternative splicing may be an essential molecular mechanism underlying genetic risk of schizophrenia, however, the incomplete annotations of human brain transcriptomes might have limited our understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis, and further efforts to elucidate these transcriptional characteristics are urgently needed to gain insights into the illness-correlated brain physiology and pathology as well as to translate genetic discoveries into novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhong Z, Yao Z, Cai X, Lao L, Huang Y, Qu S. Dopaminergic signaling in prefrontal cortex contributes to the antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture: An iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis in a rat model of CUMS. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2454-2469. [PMID: 34523244 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is used as an adjunctive treatment for depression. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of EA in the depressive rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in male adult Wistar rats. The underlying mechanisms were explored by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of the proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and observing the number of the PFC neurons stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and synaptic morphological changes under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that EA plus paroxetine (EA + Par) for 1 week significantly relieved depression-like anhedonia symptoms and improved anxiety-like behavior, accompanied by the improvements in synaptic morphology and a significant increase of PFC neurons. Moreover, EA or paroxetine alone significantly alleviated anhedonia symptoms after 2 weeks of intervention. Additionally, iTRAQ analysis showed that dopaminergic signaling was significantly altered in CUMS rats after 1 week of EA treatment. As the critical enzyme of this pathway, aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) was significantly upregulated after the treatment with EA + Par for 1 week. These findings suggested that the dopaminergic signaling pathway in PFC may be involved in the antidepressant mechanisms of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zengyu Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Fan L, Yang L, Li X, Teng T, Xiang Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of amygdala in chronic social defeat stress rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113407. [PMID: 34111472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. There is increasing evidence showing that depression is associated with the pathophysiology in amygdala; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. METHOD We established a rat model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and conducted a series of behavior tests to observe behavioral changes. Then liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics were employed to detect metabolomes and proteomes in the amygdala, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and other bioinformatic analyses were used to analyze differentially expressed metabolites and proteins. RESULTS The significantly lower sucrose preference index in the sucrose preference test and longer immobile time in the forced swim test were observed in the CSDS rats compared with control rats. In the multi-omics analysis, thirty-seven significantly differentially expressed metabolites and 123 significant proteins were identified. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed metabolites and proteins by IPA revealed molecular changes mainly associated with synaptic plasticity, phospholipase c signaling, and glutamine degradation I. We compared the metabolites in the amygdala with those in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex from our previous studies and found two common metabolites: arachidonic acid and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid among these three brain regions. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the presence of depressive-like behaviors and molecular changes of amygdala in the CSDS rat model, which may provide further insights into the pathogenesis of depression, and help to identify potential targets for antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lining Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinglin Zhu
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, MO, 64801, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Combined cellomics and proteomics analysis reveals shared neuronal morphology and molecular pathway phenotypes for multiple schizophrenia risk genes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:784-799. [PMID: 31142819 PMCID: PMC7910218 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An enigma in studies of neuropsychiatric disorders is how to translate polygenic risk into disease biology. For schizophrenia, where > 145 significant GWAS loci have been identified and only a few genes directly implicated, addressing this issue is a particular challenge. We used a combined cellomics and proteomics approach to show that polygenic risk can be disentangled by searching for shared neuronal morphology and cellular pathway phenotypes of candidate schizophrenia risk genes. We first performed an automated high-content cellular screen to characterize neuronal morphology phenotypes of 41 candidate schizophrenia risk genes. The transcription factors Tcf4 and Tbr1 and the RNA topoisomerase Top3b shared a neuronal phenotype marked by an early and progressive reduction in synapse numbers upon knockdown in mouse primary neuronal cultures. Proteomics analysis subsequently showed that these three genes converge onto the syntaxin-mediated neurotransmitter release pathway, which was previously implicated in schizophrenia, but for which genetic evidence was weak. We show that dysregulation of multiple proteins in this pathway may be due to the combined effects of schizophrenia risk genes Tcf4, Tbr1, and Top3b. Together, our data provide new biological functions for schizophrenia risk genes and support the idea that polygenic risk is the result of multiple small impacts on common neuronal signaling pathways.
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14
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Aly J, Engmann O. The Way to a Human's Brain Goes Through Their Stomach: Dietary Factors in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582853. [PMID: 33364919 PMCID: PMC7750481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 250 million people are affected by depression (major depressive disorder; MDD), a serious and debilitating mental disorder. Currently available treatment options can have substantial side effects and take weeks to be fully effective. Therefore, it is important to find safe alternatives, which act more rapidly and in a larger number of patients. While much research on MDD focuses on chronic stress as a main risk factor, we here make a point of exploring dietary factors as a somewhat overlooked, yet highly promising approach towards novel antidepressant pathways. Deficiencies in various groups of nutrients often occur in patients with mental disorders. These include vitamins, especially members of the B-complex (B6, B9, B12). Moreover, an imbalance of fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, or an insufficient supply with minerals, including magnesium and zinc, are related to MDD. While some of them are relevant for the synthesis of monoamines, others play a crucial role in inflammation, neuroprotection and the synthesis of growth factors. Evidence suggests that when deficiencies return to normal, changes in mood and behavior can be, at least in some cases, achieved. Furthermore, supplementation with dietary factors (so called "nutraceuticals") may improve MDD symptoms even in the absence of a deficiency. Non-vital dietary factors may affect MDD symptoms as well. For instance, the most commonly consumed psychostimulant caffeine may improve behavioral and molecular markers of MDD. The molecular structure of most dietary factors is well known. Hence, dietary factors may provide important molecular tools to study and potentially help treat MDD symptoms. Within this review, we will discuss the role of dietary factors in MDD risk and symptomology, and critically discuss how they might serve as auxiliary treatments or preventative options for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Aly
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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15
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Abstract
DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein with an apparent Mr of 32,000), now also known as phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B), is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1, also known as PPP1) when phosphorylated at Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). DARPP-32 exhibits a remarkable regional distribution in brain, roughly similar to that of dopamine innervation. Its discovery was a culmination of the long-standing effort of Paul Greengard to understand the mechanisms through which neurotransmitters such as dopamine exert their effects on target neurons. DARPP-32 is particularly enriched in striatal projection neurons where it is regulated by numerous signals through which it integrates and amplifies responses to many stimuli. Molecular studies of DARPP-32 have revealed that its regulation and function are more complex than anticipated. It is phosphorylated on multiple sites by several protein kinases that modulate DARPP-32 properties. Primarily, when phosphorylated at Thr34 DARPP-32 is a potent inhibitor of PP1, whereas when phosphorylated at Thr75 by Cdk5 it inhibits PKA. Phosphorylation at serine residues by CK1 and CK2 modulates its intracellular localization and its sensitivity to kinases or phosphatases. Modeling studies provide evidence that the signaling pathways including DARPP-32 are endowed of strong robustness and bistable properties favoring switch-like responses. Thus DARPP-32 combined with a set of other distinct signaling molecules enriched in striatal projection neurons plays a key role in the characteristic properties and physiological function of these neurons.
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16
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Nawaz R, Gul S, Amin R, Huma T, Al Mughairbi F. Overview of schizophrenia research and treatment in Pakistan. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05545. [PMID: 33294688 PMCID: PMC7695967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health is the most neglected health sector in Pakistan, and the majority of citizens have limited or no access to primary and secondary psychiatric services. The incidence of schizophrenia (SCZ) has increased at an alarming rate in Pakistan, relative to that of other psychiatric disorders. While numerous studies have investigated SCZ, few have addressed the issue about the Pakistani population. In the present review, the researchers discuss current data integral to the prevalence, pathophysiology, and molecular genetics of SCZ; treatment approaches to the disease; and patient responses to drugs prescribed for SCZ in Pakistan. Most Pakistani patients exhibit poor responses to antipsychotic drugs. Based on our review, the researchers hypothesize that genetic dissimilarities between Pakistani and Western populations contribute to such poor responses. Consequently, an understanding of such genetic differences and the provision of personalized treatment may simultaneously aid in improving SCZ treatment in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Nawaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University 15551 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saima Gul
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafat Amin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological, Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Fadwa Al Mughairbi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University 15551 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Zhong S, Lai S, Yue J, Wang Y, Shan Y, Liao X, Chen J, Li Z, Chen G, Chen F, Jia Y. The characteristic of cognitive impairments in patients with bipolar II depression and its association with N-acetyl aspartate of the prefrontal white matter. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1457. [PMID: 33313202 PMCID: PMC7723520 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficit is acknowledged as a core feature of clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in bipolar II depression has remained uncertain. We aim to determine the association of cognitive impairments with biochemical metabolism using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and a battery of neuropsychological testing. Methods The current study was designed to assess four cognitive domains in a sample of 110 patients with bipolar II depression and 110 healthy controls, using a battery of 6 cognitive tests, including the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), Digit Span Test (DST), TMT-part A (TMT-A) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). Metabolite levels were obtained in the following brain regions of interest: bilateral prefrontal white matter (PWM), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral lenticular nucleus (LN), and bilateral thalamus. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline-containing compounds (Cho)/Cr ratios are analyzed. Results Patients with bipolar II depression performed significantly worse on DSST (score), TMT (completion time), DSB (score), and VFT (valid word number) when compared with healthy controls. In the bilateral PWM, NAA/Cr ratios in the PWM were significantly reduced (bilaterally) than those in healthy controls. Correlation analysis was conducted with data from patients with bipolar II depression, we found that the NAA/Cr ratio of the left PWM was positively correlated with the score of DS and DSB, and the NAA/Cr ratio of the right PWM was negatively correlated with the completion time of TMT-B. Conclusions Our findings suggested that psychomotor speed, executive function, working memory, and verbal fluency are impaired in patients with BD II depression. Hypoactivity NAA/Cr in bilateral PWM may be associated with BD II depression's pathophysiology and results in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Yue
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bigot M, Alonso M, Houenou J, Sarrazin S, Dargél AA, Lledo PM, Henry C. An emotional-response model of bipolar disorders integrating recent findings on amygdala circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:358-366. [PMID: 32739421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Because of our classification system limitations for defining psychiatric disorders and understanding their physiopathology, a new research area based on dimensions has emerged. It consists of exploring domains derived from fundamental behavioral components linked to neurobiological systems. Emotional processing is among the most affected dimensions in bipolar disorders (BD), but is excluded from the definition criteria. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the emotional responses disruption during the different phases of BD, using intensity and valence as the two key characteristics of emotions. We integrate those emotional disruptions into an original, emotion-based model contrasting with the current diagnostic frame built on mood. Emotional processing is underpinned by cortico-limbic circuits involving the amygdala. Recent publications showed the crucial role of the amygdala in emotional processes triggered by stimuli of negative, but also positive valence. We show how these neuroscience data can provide physiological basis for emotional disturbances observed in BD. We conclude with translational perspectives to improve the current knowledge about neural substrates underlying altered emotional responses characterizing BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bigot
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Alonso
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris-Est, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France; NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Samuel Sarrazin
- Université Paris-Est, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France; NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aroldo A Dargél
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Henry
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571, CNRS, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
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19
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Yang Y, Xu L. Autophagy and Schizophrenia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:195-209. [PMID: 32671748 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by abnormal thoughts, behaviors and speech, along with a decreased perception of reality that can included visual or auditory hallucinations, withdrawal of social activity and lack of motivation, etc. Many hypotheses related to the causes of SCZ have been proposed, but the underlying neuropathological mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that there is an association between autophagy and SCZ. The strongest evidence for this comes from the expression of ATGs in the BA22 of postmortem samples from SCZ patients, coinciding with some of the brain imaging studies and certain hypotheses about SCZ in interpreting the positive symptoms. Autophagy dysfunction in the hippocampus, especially in the CA2 region, may relate to deficits of social communication and interaction in SCZ patients. mTOR regulation of autophagy is also potentially a piece of strong supporting evidence for the autophagic neuropathogenesis of SCZ. In vitro studies show that antipsychotics often induce autophagy through distinct mechanisms of drug action, but they may all share common features as autophagy inducers and antagonists of dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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20
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Ma L, Semick SA, Chen Q, Li C, Tao R, Price AJ, Shin JH, Jia Y, Brandon NJ, Cross AJ, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Jaffe AE, Weinberger DR, Straub RE. Schizophrenia risk variants influence multiple classes of transcripts of sorting nexin 19 (SNX19). Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:831-843. [PMID: 30635639 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genomic loci associated with risk for schizophrenia, but unambiguous identification of the relationship between disease-associated variants and specific genes, and in particular their effect on risk conferring transcripts, has proven difficult. To better understand the specific molecular mechanism(s) at the schizophrenia locus in 11q25, we undertook cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) mapping for this 2 megabase genomic region using postmortem human brain samples. To comprehensively assess the effects of genetic risk upon local expression, we evaluated multiple transcript features: genes, exons, and exon-exon junctions in multiple brain regions-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus, and caudate. Genetic risk variants strongly associated with expression of SNX19 transcript features that tag multiple rare classes of SNX19 transcripts, whereas they only weakly affected expression of an exon-exon junction that tags the majority of abundant transcripts. The most prominent class of SNX19 risk-associated transcripts is predicted to be overexpressed, defined by an exon-exon splice junction between exons 8 and 10 (junc8.10) and that is predicted to encode proteins that lack the characteristic nexin C terminal domain. Risk alleles were also associated with either increased or decreased expression of multiple additional classes of transcripts. With RACE, molecular cloning, and long read sequencing, we found a number of novel SNX19 transcripts that further define the set of potential etiological transcripts. We explored epigenetic regulation of SNX19 expression and found that DNA methylation at CpG sites near the primary transcription start site and within exon 2 partially mediate the effects of risk variants on risk-associated expression. ATAC sequencing revealed that some of the most strongly risk-associated SNPs are located within a region of open chromatin, suggesting a nearby regulatory element is involved. These findings indicate a potentially complex molecular etiology, in which risk alleles for schizophrenia generate epigenetic alterations and dysregulation of multiple classes of SNX19 transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephen A Semick
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amanda J Price
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yankai Jia
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Alan J Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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21
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Lövdén M, Karalija N, Andersson M, Wåhlin A, Axelsson J, Köhncke Y, Jonasson LS, Rieckman A, Papenberg G, Garrett DD, Guitart-Masip M, Salami A, Riklund K, Bäckman L, Nyberg L, Lindenberger U. Latent-Profile Analysis Reveals Behavioral and Brain Correlates of Dopamine-Cognition Associations. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3894-3907. [PMID: 29028935 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that associations between the neurotransmitter dopamine and cognition are nonmonotonic and open to modulation by various other factors. The functional implications of a given level of dopamine may therefore differ from person to person. By applying latent-profile analysis to a large (n = 181) sample of adults aged 64-68 years, we probabilistically identified 3 subgroups that explain the multivariate associations between dopamine D2/3R availability (probed with 11C-raclopride-PET, in cortical, striatal, and hippocampal regions) and cognitive performance (episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed). Generally, greater receptor availability was associated with better cognitive performance. However, we discovered a subgroup of individuals for which high availability, particularly in striatum, was associated with poor performance, especially for working memory. Relative to the rest of the sample, this subgroup also had lower education, higher body-mass index, and lower resting-state connectivity between caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We conclude that a smaller subset of individuals induces a multivariate non-linear association between dopamine D2/3R availability and cognitive performance in this group of older adults, and discuss potential reasons for these differences that await further empirical scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ylva Köhncke
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars S Jonasson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Aging and Demographic Research, CEDAR, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas D Garrett
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Guitart-Masip
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy
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22
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Ide M, Ohnishi T, Toyoshima M, Balan S, Maekawa M, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Iwayama Y, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Ishii T, Shibuya N, Kimura Y, Hisano Y, Murata Y, Hara T, Morikawa M, Hashimoto K, Nozaki Y, Toyota T, Wada Y, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Nishi A, Fujisawa S, Okano H, Itokawa M, Hirokawa N, Kunii Y, Kakita A, Yabe H, Iwamoto K, Meno K, Katagiri T, Dean B, Uchida K, Kimura H, Yoshikawa T. Excess hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides production underlies a schizophrenia pathophysiology. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10695. [PMID: 31657521 PMCID: PMC6895609 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with the C3H background show greater behavioral propensity for schizophrenia, including lower prepulse inhibition (PPI), than C57BL/6 (B6) mice. To characterize as-yet-unknown pathophysiologies of schizophrenia, we undertook proteomics analysis of the brain in these strains, and detected elevated levels of Mpst, a hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)/polysulfide-producing enzyme, and greater sulfide deposition in C3H than B6 mice. Mpst-deficient mice exhibited improved PPI with reduced storage sulfide levels, while Mpst-transgenic (Tg) mice showed deteriorated PPI, suggesting that "sulfide stress" may be linked to PPI impairment. Analysis of human samples demonstrated that the H2 S/polysulfides production system is upregulated in schizophrenia. Mechanistically, the Mpst-Tg brain revealed dampened energy metabolism, while maternal immune activation model mice showed upregulation of genes for H2 S/polysulfides production along with typical antioxidative genes, partly via epigenetic modifications. These results suggest that inflammatory/oxidative insults in early brain development result in upregulated H2 S/polysulfides production as an antioxidative response, which in turn cause deficits in bioenergetic processes. Collectively, this study presents a novel aspect of the neurodevelopmental theory for schizophrenia, unraveling a role of excess H2 S/polysulfides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ide
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Research& Development Department, MCBI Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shibuya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yui Murata
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuina Wada
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Center for Medical Cooperation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohji Meno
- Research& Development Department, MCBI Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Katagiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Howard Florey Laboratories, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Vic., Australia
| | - Kazuhiko Uchida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Differential protein expression of DARPP-32 versus Calcineurin in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14877. [PMID: 31619735 PMCID: PMC6796065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32 kDa (DARPP-32) integrates dopaminergic signaling into that of several other neurotransmitters. Calcineurin (CaN), located downstream of dopaminergic pathways, inactivates DARPP-32 by dephosphorylation. Despite several studies have examined their expression levels of gene and protein in postmortem patients’ brains, they rendered inconsistent results. In this study, protein expression levels of DARPP-32 and CaN were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of 49 postmortem samples from subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and normal controls. We also examined the association between this expression and genetic variants of 8 dopaminergic system-associated molecules for 55 SNPs in the same postmortem samples. In the PFC of patients with schizophrenia, levels of DARPP-32 were significantly decreased, while those of CaN tended to increase. In the NAc, both of DARPP-32 and CaN showed no significant alternations in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Further analysis of the correlation of DARPP-32 and CaN expressions, we found that positive correlations in controls and schizophrenia in PFC, and schizophrenia in NAc. In PFC, the expression ratio of DARPP-32/CaN were significantly lower in schizophrenia than controls. We also found that several of the aforementioned SNPs may predict protein expression, one of which was confirmed in a second independent sample set. This differential expression of DARPP-32 and CaN may reflect potential molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, or differences between these two major psychiatric diseases.
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24
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Salami A, Rieckmann A, Karalija N, Avelar-Pereira B, Andersson M, Wåhlin A, Papenberg G, Garrett DD, Riklund K, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. Neurocognitive Profiles of Older Adults with Working-Memory Dysfunction. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2525-2539. [PMID: 29901790 PMCID: PMC5998950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in how they perceive, remember, and think. There is evidence for the existence of distinct subgroups that differ in cognitive performance within the older population. However, it is less clear how individual differences in cognition in old age are linked to differences in brain-based measures. We used latent-profile analysis on n-back working-memory (WM) performance to identify subgroups in a large sample of older adults (n = 181; age = 64–68 years). Our analysis identified one larger normal subgroup with higher performance (n = 113; 63%), and a second smaller subgroup (n = 55; 31%) with lower performance. The low-performing subgroup showed weaker load-dependent BOLD modulation and lower connectivity within the fronto-parietal network (FPN) as well as between FPN and striatum during n-back, along with lower FPN connectivity at rest. This group also exhibited lower FPN structural integrity, lower frontal dopamine D2 binding potential, inferior performance on offline WM tests, and a trend-level genetic predisposition for lower dopamine-system efficiency. By contrast, this group exhibited relatively intact episodic memory and associated brain measures (i.e., hippocampal volume, structural, and functional connectivity within the default-mode network). Collectively, these data provide converging evidence for the existence of a group of older adults with impaired WM functioning characterized by reduced cortico-striatal coupling and aberrant cortico-cortical integrity within FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas D Garrett
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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25
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Misiewicz Z, Iurato S, Kulesskaya N, Salminen L, Rodrigues L, Maccarrone G, Martins J, Czamara D, Laine MA, Sokolowska E, Trontti K, Rewerts C, Novak B, Volk N, Park DI, Jokitalo E, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Voikar V, Chen A, Erhardt A, Turck CW, Hovatta I. Multi-omics analysis identifies mitochondrial pathways associated with anxiety-related behavior. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008358. [PMID: 31557158 PMCID: PMC6762065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful life events are major environmental risk factors for anxiety disorders, although not all individuals exposed to stress develop clinical anxiety. The molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of environmental effects on anxiety are largely unknown. To identify biological pathways mediating stress-related anxiety and resilience to it, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm in male mice of two inbred strains, C57BL/6NCrl (B6) and DBA/2NCrl (D2), that differ in their susceptibility to stress. Using a multi-omics approach, we identified differential mRNA, miRNA and protein expression changes in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and blood cells after chronic stress. Integrative gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of mitochondrial-related genes in the BNST and blood of stressed mice. To translate these results to human anxiety, we investigated blood gene expression changes associated with exposure-induced panic attacks. Remarkably, we found reduced expression of mitochondrial-related genes in D2 stress-susceptible mice and in exposure-induced panic attacks in humans, but increased expression of these genes in B6 stress-susceptible mice. Moreover, stress-susceptible vs. stress-resilient B6 mice displayed more mitochondrial cross-sections in the post-synaptic compartment after CSDS. Our findings demonstrate mitochondrial-related alterations in gene expression as an evolutionarily conserved response in stress-related behaviors and validate the use of cross-species approaches in investigating the biological mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Misiewicz
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stella Iurato
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Kulesskaya
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Salminen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigues
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Maccarrone
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jade Martins
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikaela A. Laine
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ewa Sokolowska
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christiane Rewerts
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bozidar Novak
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Naama Volk
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dong Ik Park
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vootele Voikar
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (AE); (CWT); (IH)
| | - Christoph W. Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (AE); (CWT); (IH)
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (AE); (CWT); (IH)
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26
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Fjodorova M, Louessard M, Li Z, De La Fuente DC, Dyke E, Brooks SP, Perrier AL, Li M. CTIP2-Regulated Reduction in PKA-Dependent DARPP32 Phosphorylation in Human Medium Spiny Neurons: Implications for Huntington Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:448-457. [PMID: 31447328 PMCID: PMC6739739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the selective degeneration of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in Huntington disease (HD) remain largely unknown. CTIP2, a transcription factor expressed by all MSNs, is implicated in HD pathogenesis because of its interactions with mutant huntingtin. Here, we report a key role for CTIP2 in protein phosphorylation via governing protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in human striatal neurons. Transcriptomic analysis of CTIP2-deficient MSNs implicates CTIP2 target genes at the heart of cAMP-Ca2+ signal integration in the PKA pathway. These findings are further supported by experimental evidence of a substantial reduction in phosphorylation of DARPP32 and GLUR1, two PKA targets in CTIP2-deficient MSNs. Moreover, we show that CTIP2-dependent dysregulation of protein phosphorylation is shared by HD hPSC-derived MSNs and striatal tissues of two HD mouse models. This study therefore establishes an essential role for CTIP2 in human MSN homeostasis and provides mechanistic and potential therapeutic insight into striatal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Fjodorova
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Morgane Louessard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR861, I-Stem, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Zongze Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Daniel C De La Fuente
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Emma Dyke
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Simon P Brooks
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR861, I-Stem, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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27
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Tenenbaum JD, Bhuvaneshwar K, Gagliardi JP, Fultz Hollis K, Jia P, Ma L, Nagarajan R, Rakesh G, Subbian V, Visweswaran S, Zhao Z, Rozenblit L. Translational bioinformatics in mental health: open access data sources and computational biomarker discovery. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:842-856. [PMID: 29186302 PMCID: PMC6585382 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness is increasingly recognized as both a significant cost to society and a significant area of opportunity for biological breakthrough. As -omics and imaging technologies enable researchers to probe molecular and physiological underpinnings of multiple diseases, opportunities arise to explore the biological basis for behavioral health and disease. From individual investigators to large international consortia, researchers have generated rich data sets in the area of mental health, including genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, clinical and imaging resources. General data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and mental health (MH)-specific initiatives, such as the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, MH Research Network and PsychENCODE represent a wealth of information yet to be gleaned. At the same time, novel approaches to integrate and analyze data sets are enabling important discoveries in the area of mental and behavioral health. This review will discuss and catalog into an organizing framework the increasingly diverse set of MH data resources available, using schizophrenia as a focus area, and will describe novel and integrative approaches to molecular biomarker discovery that make use of mental health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Tenenbaum
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at the Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kate Fultz Hollis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology at Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Peilin Jia
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Liang Ma
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory (BSML), Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | | | - Vignesh Subbian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona
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28
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Erben L, He MX, Laeremans A, Park E, Buonanno A. A Novel Ultrasensitive In Situ Hybridization Approach to Detect Short Sequences and Splice Variants with Cellular Resolution. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6169-6181. [PMID: 29264769 PMCID: PMC5994223 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the expression of RNAs that differ by short or single nucleotide sequences at a single-cell level in tissue has been limited by the sensitivity and specificity of in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. Detection of short isoform-specific sequences requires RNA isolation for PCR analysis-an approach that loses the regional and cell-type-specific distribution of isoforms. Having the capability to distinguish the differential expression of RNA variants in tissue is critical because alterations in mRNA splicing and editing, as well as coding single nucleotide polymorphisms, have been associated with numerous cancers, neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here we introduce a novel highly sensitive single-probe colorimetric/fluorescent ISH approach that targets short exon/exon RNA splice junctions using single-pair oligonucleotide probes (~ 50 bp). We use this approach to investigate, with single-cell resolution, the expression of four transcripts encoding the neuregulin (NRG) receptor ErbB4 that differ by alternative splicing of exons encoding two juxtamembrane (JMa/JMb) and two cytoplasmic (CYT-1/CYT-2) domains that alter receptor stability and signaling modes, respectively. By comparing ErbB4 hybridization on sections from wild-type and ErbB4 knockout mice (missing exon 2), we initially demonstrate that single-pair probes provide the sensitivity and specificity to visualize and quantify the differential expression of ErbB4 isoforms. Using cell-type-specific GFP reporter mice, we go on to demonstrate that expression of ErbB4 isoforms differs between neurons and oligodendrocytes, and that this differential expression of ErbB4 isoforms is evolutionarily conserved to humans. This single-pair probe ISH approach, known as BaseScope, could serve as an invaluable diagnostic tool to detect alternative spliced isoforms, and potentially single base polymorphisms, associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Erben
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bldg. 35, Room 2C-1000, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ming-Xiao He
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, 94560, USA
| | | | - Emily Park
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, 94560, USA
| | - Andres Buonanno
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bldg. 35, Room 2C-1000, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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29
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Alam SK, Astone M, Liu P, Hall SR, Coyle AM, Dankert EN, Hoffman DK, Zhang W, Kuang R, Roden AC, Mansfield AS, Hoeppner LH. DARPP-32 and t-DARPP promote non-small cell lung cancer growth through regulation of IKKα-dependent cell migration. Commun Biol 2018; 1:43. [PMID: 29782621 PMCID: PMC5959014 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Here we demonstrate that elevated expression of dopamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) and its truncated splice variant t-DARPP promote lung tumor growth, while abrogation of DARPP-32 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells reduces tumor growth in orthotopic mouse models. We observe a novel physical interaction between DARPP-32 and inhibitory kappa B kinase-α (IKKα) that promotes NSCLC cell migration through non-canonical nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 2 (NF-κB2) signaling. Bioinformatics analysis of 513 lung adenocarcinoma patients reveals elevated t-DARPP isoform expression is associated with poor overall survival. Histopathological investigation of 62 human lung adenocarcinoma tissues also shows that t-DARPP expression is elevated with increasing tumor (T) stage. Our data suggest that DARPP-32 isoforms serve as a negative prognostic marker associated with increasing stages of NSCLC and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Kayum Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Matteo Astone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Stephanie R Hall
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Abbygail M Coyle
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Erin N Dankert
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Dane K Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rui Kuang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aaron S Mansfield
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Luke H Hoeppner
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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30
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Sullivan K, Pantazopoulos H, Liebson E, Woo TUW, Baldessarini RJ, Hedreen J, Berretta S. What can we learn about brain donors? Use of clinical information in human postmortem brain research. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 150:181-196. [PMID: 29496141 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63639-3.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem studies on the human brain reside at the core of investigations on neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Ground-breaking advances continue to be made on the pathologic basis of many of these disorders, at molecular, cellular, and neural connectivity levels. In parallel, there is increasing emphasis on improving methods to extract relevant demographic and clinical information about brain donors and, importantly, translate it into measures that can reliably and effectively be incorporated in the design and data analysis of postmortem human investigations. Here, we review the main source of information typically available to brain banks and provide examples on how this information can be processed. In particular, we discuss approaches to establish primary and secondary diagnoses, estimate exposure to therapeutic treatment and substance abuse, assess agonal status, and use time of death as a proxy in investigations on circadian rhythms. Although far from exhaustive, these considerations are intended as a contribution to ongoing efforts from tissue banks and investigators aimed at establishing robust, well-validated methods for collecting and standardizing information about brain donors, further strengthening the scientific rigor of human postmortem studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Sullivan
- Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Traslational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Liebson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - T-U W Woo
- Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ross J Baldessarini
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; International Consortium for Psychotic and Bipolar Disorders Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - John Hedreen
- Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Traslational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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31
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Castellani CA, Melka MG, Gui JL, Gallo AJ, O'Reilly RL, Singh SM. Post-zygotic genomic changes in glutamate and dopamine pathway genes may explain discordance of monozygotic twins for schizophrenia. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:43. [PMID: 29181591 PMCID: PMC5704032 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monozygotic twins are valuable in assessing the genetic vs environmental contribution to diseases. In the era of complete genome sequences, they allow identification of mutational mechanisms and specific genes and pathways that offer predisposition to the development of complex diseases including schizophrenia. Methods We sequenced the complete genomes of two pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (MZD), including one representing a family tetrad. The family specific complete sequences have allowed identification of post zygotic mutations between MZD genomes. It allows identification of affected genes including relevant network and pathways that may account for the diseased state in pair specific patient. Results We found multiple twin specific sequence differences between co-twins that included small nucleotides [single nucleotide variants (SNV), small indels and block substitutions], copy number variations (CNVs) and structural variations. The genes affected by these changes belonged to a number of canonical pathways, the most prominent ones are implicated in schizophrenia and related disorders. Although these changes were found in both twins, they were more frequent in the affected twin in both pairs. Two specific pathway defects, glutamate receptor signaling and dopamine feedback in cAMP signaling pathways, were uniquely affected in the two patients representing two unrelated families. Conclusions We have identified genome-wide post zygotic mutations in two MZD pairs affected with schizophrenia. It has allowed us to use the threshold model and propose the most likely cause of this disease in the two patients studied. The results support the proposition that each schizophrenia patient may be unique and heterogeneous somatic de novo events may contribute to schizophrenia threshold and discordance of the disease in monozygotic twins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40169-017-0174-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Castellani
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - M G Melka
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - J L Gui
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - A J Gallo
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - R L O'Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S M Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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32
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Unpredictable chronic mild stress differentially impairs social and contextual discrimination learning in two inbred mouse strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188537. [PMID: 29166674 PMCID: PMC5699833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the social and cognitive domain are considered important indicators for increased disability in many stress-related disorders. Similar impairments have been observed in rodents chronically exposed to stress, mimicking potential endophenotypes of stress-related psychopathologies such as major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety, conduct disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from numerous studies suggest that deficient plasticity mechanisms in hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) might underlie these social and cognitive deficits. Specifically, stress-induced deficiencies in neural plasticity have been associated with a hypodopaminergic state and reduced neural plasticity persistence. Here we assessed the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on exploratory, social and cognitive behavior of females of two inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) that differ in their dopaminergic profile. Exposure to chronic stress resulted in impaired circadian rhythmicity, sociability and social cognition in both inbred strains, but differentially affected activity patterns and contextual discrimination performance. These stress-induced behavioral impairments were accompanied by reduced expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex. The strain-specific cognitive impairment was coexistent with enhanced plasma corticosterone levels and reduced expression of genes related to dopamine signaling in hippocampus. These results underline the importance of assessing different strains with multiple test batteries to elucidate the neural and genetic basis of social and cognitive impairments related to chronic stress.
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33
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Persson N, Lavebratt C, Ebner NC, Fischer H. Influence of DARPP-32 genetic variation on BOLD activation to happy faces. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1658-1667. [PMID: 29048604 PMCID: PMC5647797 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic pathways play a crucial role in reward processing, and advanced age can modulate its efficiency. DARPP-32 controls dopaminergic function and is a chemical nexus of reward processing. In 61 younger (20–30 years) and older adults (54% ♀) (65–74 years), we examined how blood–oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation to emotional faces, vary over genotypes at three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), coding for DARPP-32 (rs879606; rs907094; 3764352). We also assessed age-magnification of DARPP-32 effects on BOLD activation. We found that major homozygote G, T or A genotypes, with higher cortical expression of DARPP-32, higher dopamine receptor efficacy, and greater bias toward positive cues, had increased functional connectivity in cortical–subcortical circuits in response to happy faces, engaging the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), fusiform gyrus (FG) and the midbrain (MB). Local BOLD response to happy faces in FG, and MB was age-dependent, so that older carriers of the major G, T or A alleles showed lesser activation than minor genotypes. These genetic variants of DARPP-32 did not modulate BOLD response to angry faces, or engagement of the inferior occipital gyrus, to happy or angry faces. Taken together our results lend support for a potential role of DARPP-32 genetic variants in neural response to potential reward triggering cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninni Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Azzam S, Schlatzer D, Nethery D, Saleh D, Li X, Akladious A, Chance MR, Strohl KP. Proteomic profiling of the hypothalamus in two mouse models of narcolepsy. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28544614 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a disabling neurological disorder of sleepiness linked to the loss of neurons producing orexin neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. Two well-characterized phenotypic mouse models of narcolepsy, loss-of-function (orexin-knockout), and progressive loss of orexin (orexin/ataxin-3) exist. The open question is whether the proteomics signatures of the hypothalamus would be different between the two models. To address this gap, we utilized a label-free proteomics approach and conducted a hypothalamic proteome analysis by comparing each disease model to that of wild type. Following data processing and statistical analysis, 14 484 peptides mapping to 2282 nonredundant proteins were identified, of which 39 proteins showed significant differences in protein expression across groups. Altered proteins in both models showed commonalties in pathways for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal degeneration, as well as altered proteins related to inflammatory demyelination, insulin resistance, metabolic responses, and the dopaminergic and monoaminergic systems. Model-specific alterations in insulin degraded enzyme (IDE) and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 were unique to orexin-KO and orexin/ataxin-3, respectively. For both models, proteomics not only identified clinically suspected consequences of orexin loss on energy homeostasis and neurotransmitter systems, but also identified commonalities in inflammation and degeneration despite the entirely different genetic basis of the two mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan Azzam
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Schlatzer
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Nethery
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Afaf Akladious
- Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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35
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Persson N, Persson J, Lavebratt C, Fischer H. Effects of DARPP-32 Genetic Variation on Prefrontal Cortex Volume and Episodic Memory Performance. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:244. [PMID: 28553197 PMCID: PMC5425487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of a fundamental role of DARPP-32 in integrating dopamine and glutamate signaling, studies examining gene coding for DARPP-32 in relation to neural and behavioral correlates in humans are scarce. Post mortem findings suggest genotype specific expressions of DARPP-32 in the dorsal frontal lobes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of genomic variation in DARPP-32 coding on frontal lobe volumes and episodic memory. Volumetric data from the dorsolateral (DLPFC), and visual cortices (VC) were obtained from 61 younger and older adults (♀54%). The major homozygote G, T, or A genotypes in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs879606; rs907094; rs3764352, the two latter in complete linkage disequilibrium), at the DARPP-32 regulating PPP1R1B gene, influenced frontal gray matter volume and episodic memory (EM). Homozygous carriers of allelic variants with lower DARPP-32 expression had an overall larger prefrontal volume in addition to greater EM recall accuracy after accounting for the influence of age. The SNPs did not influence VC volume. The genetic effects on DLPFC were greater in young adults and selective to this group for EM. Our findings suggest that genomic variation maps onto individual differences in frontal brain volumes and cognitive functions. Larger DLPFC volumes were also related to better EM performance, suggesting that gene-related differences in frontal gray matter may contribute to individual differences in EM. These results need further replication from experimental and longitudinal reports to determine directions of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninni Persson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
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36
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Wang H, Farhan M, Xu J, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. The involvement of DARPP-32 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53791-53803. [PMID: 28881851 PMCID: PMC5581150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating heterogeneous psychiatric disorders. The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia based on neurochemical evidences of elevated brain striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and increased dopamine release in response to stress. Dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass 32,000 (DARPP-32) is a cytosolic protein highly enriched in the medium spiny neurons of the neostriatum, considered as the most important integrator between the cortical input and the basal ganglia, and associated with motor control. Accumulating evidences has indicated the involvement of DARPP-32 in the development of schizophrenia; i. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is regulated by several neurotransmitters, including dopamine and glutamate, neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis; ii. decrease of both total and phosphorylated DARPP-32 in the prefrontal cortex are observed in schizophrenic animal models; iii. postmortem brain studies indicated decreased expression of DARPP-32 protein in the superior temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia; iv. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is increased upon therapy with antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and risperidone which improve behavioral performance in experimental animal models and patients; v. Genetic analysis of the gene coding for DARPP-32 propose an association with schizophrenia. Cumulatively, these findings implicate DARPP-32 protein in schizophrenia and propose it as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we summarize the possible roles of DARPP-32 during the development of schizophrenia and make some recommendations for future research. We propose that DARPP-32 and its interacting proteins may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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37
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Kang JY, Chadchankar J, Vien TN, Mighdoll MI, Hyde TM, Mather RJ, Deeb TZ, Pangalos MN, Brandon NJ, Dunlop J, Moss SJ. Deficits in the activity of presynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptors contribute to altered neuronal excitability in fragile X syndrome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6621-6632. [PMID: 28213518 PMCID: PMC5399111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioral and anatomical deficits seen in fragile X syndrome (FXS) are widely believed to result from imbalances in the relative strengths of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Although modified neuronal excitability is thought to be of significance, the contribution that alterations in GABAergic inhibition play in the pathophysiology of FXS are ill defined. Slow sustained neuronal inhibition is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors, which are heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors constructed from R1a and R2 or R1b and R2 subunits. Via the activation of Gi/o, they limit cAMP accumulation, diminish neurotransmitter release, and induce neuronal hyperpolarization. Here we reveal that selective deficits in R1a subunit expression are seen in Fmr1 knock-out mice (KO) mice, a widely used animal model of FXS, but the levels of the respective mRNAs were unaffected. Similar trends of R1a expression were seen in a subset of FXS patients. GABAB receptors (GABABRs) exert powerful pre- and postsynaptic inhibitory effects on neurotransmission. R1a-containing GABABRs are believed to mediate presynaptic inhibition in principal neurons. In accordance with this result, deficits in the ability of GABABRs to suppress glutamate release were seen in Fmr1-KO mice. In contrast, the ability of GABABRs to suppress GABA release and induce postsynaptic hyperpolarization was unaffected. Significantly, this deficit contributes to the pathophysiology of FXS as the GABABR agonist (R)-baclofen rescued the imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission evident in Fmr1-KO mice. Collectively, our results provided evidence that selective deficits in the activity of presynaptic GABABRs contribute to the pathophysiology of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Kang
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Jayashree Chadchankar
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Thuy N Vien
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | | | - Thomas M Hyde
- the Lieber Institute for Brain Development and
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Robert J Mather
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Menelas N Pangalos
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Melbourn Science Park, Cambridge Road, Royston Herts SG8 6EE, United Kingdom, and
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - John Dunlop
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Stephen J Moss
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111,
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
- the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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38
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McGregor AL, D'Souza G, Kim D, Tingle MD. Varenicline improves motor and cognitive deficits and decreases depressive-like behaviour in late-stage YAC128 mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:233-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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39
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Belkhiri A, Zhu S, El-Rifai W. DARPP-32: from neurotransmission to cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17631-40. [PMID: 26872373 PMCID: PMC4951238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32), also known as phosphoprotein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B), was initially discovered as a substrate of dopamine-activated protein kinase A (PKA) in the neostriatum in the brain. While phosphorylation at Thr-34 by PKA converts DARPP-32 into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), phosphorylation at Thr-75 transforms DARPP-32 into an inhibitor of PKA. Through regulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation and modulation of protein phosphatase and kinase activities, DARPP-32 plays a critical role in mediating the biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral effects controlled by dopamine and other neurotransmitters in response to drugs of abuse and psychostimulants. Altered expression of DARPP-32 and its truncated isoform (t-DARPP), specifically in the prefrontal cortex, has been associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Moreover, cleavage of DARPP-32 by calpain has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Amplification of the genomic locus of DARPP-32 at 17q12 has been described in several cancers. DARPP-32 and t-DARPP are frequently overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate, colon, and stomach. Several studies demonstrated the pro-survival, pro-invasion, and pro-angiogenic functions of DARPP-32 in cancer. Overexpression of DARPP-32 and t-DARPP also promotes chemotherapeutic drug resistance and cell proliferation in gastric and breast cancers through regulation of pro-oncogenic signal transduction pathways. The expansion of DARPP-32 research from neurotransmission to cancer underscores the broad scope and implication of this protein in disparate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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40
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Yin J, Barr AM, Ramos-Miguel A, Procyshyn RM. Antipsychotic Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:174-183. [PMID: 27264948 PMCID: PMC5327459 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160606093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic prescription of antipsychotics seems to lose its therapeutic benefits in the prevention of recurring psychotic symptoms. In many instances, the occurrence of relapse from initial remission is followed by an increase in dose of the prescribed antipsychotic. The current understanding of why this occurs is still in its infancy, but a controversial idea that has regained attention recently is the notion of iatrogenic dopamine supersensitivity. Studies on cell cultures and animal models have shown that long-term antipsychotic use is linked to both an upregulation of dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-receptors in the striatum and the emergence of enhanced receptor affinity to endogenous dopamine. These findings have been hypothesized to contribute to the phenomenon known as dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP), which has been clinically typified as the foundation of rebound psychosis, drug tolerance, and tardive dyskinesia. The focus of this review is the update of evidence behind the classification of antipsychotic induced DSP and an investigation of its relationship to treatment resistance. Since antipsychotics are the foundation of illness management, a greater understanding of DSP and its prevention may greatly affect patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 2A1, Canada
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41
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Transgenerational transmission and modification of pathological traits induced by prenatal immune activation. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:102-112. [PMID: 27021823 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to infectious or inflammatory insults is increasingly recognized to contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders with neurodevelopmental components, including schizophrenia, autism and bipolar disorder. It remains unknown, however, if such immune-mediated brain anomalies can be transmitted to subsequent generations. Using an established mouse model of prenatal immune activation by the viral mimetic poly(I:C), we show that reduced sociability and increased cued fear expression are similarly present in the first- and second-generation offspring of immune-challenged ancestors. We further demonstrate that sensorimotor gating impairments are confined to the direct descendants of infected mothers, whereas increased behavioral despair emerges as a novel phenotype in the second generation. These transgenerational effects are mediated via the paternal lineage and are stable until the third generation, demonstrating transgenerational non-genetic inheritance of pathological traits following in-utero immune activation. Next-generation sequencing further demonstrated unique and overlapping genome-wide transcriptional changes in first- and second-generation offspring of immune-challenged ancestors. These transcriptional effects mirror the transgenerational effects on behavior, showing that prenatal immune activation leads to a transgenerational transmission (presence of similar phenotypes across generations) and modification (presence of distinct phenotypes across generations) of pathological traits. Together, our study demonstrates for, we believe, the first time that prenatal immune activation can negatively affect brain and behavioral functions in multiple generations. These findings thus highlight a novel pathological aspect of this early-life adversity in shaping disease risk across generations.
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42
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Amare AT, Schubert KO, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Cohen-Woods S, Baune BT. The genetic overlap between mood disorders and cardiometabolic diseases: a systematic review of genome wide and candidate gene studies. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1007. [PMID: 28117839 PMCID: PMC5545727 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWASs) and candidate gene studies have identified genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and mood disorders. Although previous efforts were successful for individual disease conditions (single disease), limited information exists on shared genetic risk between these disorders. This article presents a detailed review and analysis of cardiometabolic diseases risk (CMD-R) genes that are also associated with mood disorders. First, we reviewed meta-GWASs published until January 2016, for the diseases 'type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension' and/or for the risk factors 'blood pressure, obesity, plasma lipid levels, insulin and glucose related traits'. We then searched the literature for published associations of these CMD-R genes with mood disorders. We considered studies that reported a significant association of at least one of the CMD-R genes and 'depression' or 'depressive disorder' or 'depressive symptoms' or 'bipolar disorder' or 'lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder', or 'serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment response in major depression'. Our review revealed 24 potential pleiotropic genes that are likely to be shared between mood disorders and CMD-Rs. These genes include MTHFR, CACNA1D, CACNB2, GNAS, ADRB1, NCAN, REST, FTO, POMC, BDNF, CREB, ITIH4, LEP, GSK3B, SLC18A1, TLR4, PPP1R1B, APOE, CRY2, HTR1A, ADRA2A, TCF7L2, MTNR1B and IGF1. A pathway analysis of these genes revealed significant pathways: corticotrophin-releasing hormone signaling, AMPK signaling, cAMP-mediated or G-protein coupled receptor signaling, axonal guidance signaling, serotonin or dopamine receptors signaling, dopamine-DARPP32 feedback in cAMP signaling, circadian rhythm signaling and leptin signaling. Our review provides insights into the shared biological mechanisms of mood disorders and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Amare
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K O Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Klingler-Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. E-mail:
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43
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Ma H, Li X, Lin A, Yuan Z, Zhou J, Yang X, Cong Z, Huang Y, Zhu G. Associations Between PPP1R1B Gene Polymorphisms and Anxiety Levels in the Chinese Population. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:107-110. [PMID: 27995567 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Center for Mental Health, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ailu Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhengtu Cong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yinglin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Hino M, Kunii Y, Matsumoto J, Wada A, Nagaoka A, Niwa SI, Takahashi H, Kakita A, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Yamamoto S, Yabe H. Decreased VEGFR2 expression and increased phosphorylated Akt1 in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:100-8. [PMID: 27484635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Akt signaling pathway involves various cellular processes and depends on extracellular stimuli. Since Akt signaling participates in cytoprotection, synapse plasticity, axon extension, and neurotransmission in the nervous system, alteration in Akt signaling might be a potential cause of schizophrenia. In this study, we performed multiplex fluorescent bead based immunoassays for members of the Akt signaling pathway in postmortem brains of controls and patients with schizophrenia. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR) was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with schizophrenia, and the expression level of VEGFR2 was inversely correlated with the positive symptom subscale of the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies (DIBS) in patients with schizophrenia. There was also an increase in phosphorylated Akt1 in the PFC in the patients, though the ratio of phospho/total Akt1 is not significantly different. In the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) there was no significant difference in expression and phosphorylation levels of Akt signaling proteins. Genetic analysis revealed a significant correlation of a SNP of KDR (rs7692791) with ERK1/2 and Akt1 phospho/total rates. Since VEGFR2 participates in angiogenesis and neurotrophic activation, either or both functions might be responsible for onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hino
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Wada
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 969-3492 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 951-8585 Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathological Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 951-8585 Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-based Medical Education/Department of Community-based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan; Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 441-8124, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 441-8124, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sakon Yamamoto
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 441-8124, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
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45
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t-Darpp overexpression in HER2-positive breast cancer confers a survival advantage in lapatinib. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33134-45. [PMID: 26430732 PMCID: PMC4741754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major barrier to successful cancer treatment. For patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who initially respond to therapy, the majority develop resistance within one year of treatment. Patient outcomes could improve significantly if we can find and exploit common mechanisms of acquired resistance to different targeted therapies. Overexpression of t-Darpp, a truncated form of the dual kinase/phosphatase inhibitor Darpp-32, has been linked to acquired resistance to trastuzumab, a front-line therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. Darpp-32 reverses t-Darpp's effect on trastuzumab resistance. In this study, we examined whether t-Darpp could be involved in resistance to lapatinib, another HER2-targeted therapeutic. Lapatinib-resistant SKBR3 cells (SK/LapR) showed a marked change in the Darpp-32:t-Darpp ratio toward a predominance of t-Darpp. Overexpression of t-Darpp alone was not sufficient to confer lapatinib resistance, but cells that overexpress t-Darpp partially mimicked the molecular resistance phenotype observed in SK/LapR cells exposed to lapatinib. SK/LapR cells failed to down-regulate Survivin and failed to induce BIM accumulation in response to lapatinib; cells overexpressing t-Darpp exhibited only the failed BIM accumulation. t-Darpp knock-down reversed this phenotype. Using a fluorescence-based co-culture system, we found that cells overexpressing t-Darpp formed colonies in lapatinib within 3-4 weeks, whereas parental cells in the same co-culture did not. Overall, t-Darpp appears to mediate a survival advantage in lapatinib, possibly linked to failed lapatinib-induced BIM accumulation. t-Darpp might also be relevant to acquired resistance to other cancer drugs that rely on BIM accumulation to induce apoptosis.
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46
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Common Variation in the DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) Gene and Human Striatal DDC Activity In Vivo. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2303-8. [PMID: 26924680 PMCID: PMC4946061 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of multiple amine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and trace amines, relies in part on DOPA decarboxylase (DDC, AADC), an enzyme that is required for normative neural operations. Because rare, loss-of-function mutations in the DDC gene result in severe enzymatic deficiency and devastating autonomic, motor, and cognitive impairment, DDC common genetic polymorphisms have been proposed as a source of more moderate, but clinically important, alterations in DDC function that may contribute to risk, course, or treatment response in complex, heritable neuropsychiatric illnesses. However, a direct link between common genetic variation in DDC and DDC activity in the living human brain has never been established. We therefore tested for this association by conducting extensive genotyping across the DDC gene in a large cohort of 120 healthy individuals, for whom DDC activity was then quantified with [(18)F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET). The specific uptake constant, Ki, a measure of DDC activity, was estimated for striatal regions of interest and found to be predicted by one of five tested haplotypes, particularly in the ventral striatum. These data provide evidence for cis-acting, functional common polymorphisms in the DDC gene and support future work to determine whether such variation might meaningfully contribute to DDC-mediated neural processes relevant to neuropsychiatric illness and treatment.
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47
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Human t-DARPP is induced during striatal development. Neuroscience 2016; 333:320-30. [PMID: 27475250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32kDa (DARPP-32, also known as PPP1R1B) gene codes for different transcripts that are mainly translated into two DARPP-32 protein isoforms, full length (fl)-DARPP-32 and truncated (t)-DARPP. The t-DARPP lacks the first 36 residues at the N-terminal, which alters its function. In the central nervous system, fl-DARPP-32 is highly expressed in GABAergic striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), where it integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic input signaling. However, no information about human DARPP-32 isoform expression during MSNs maturation is available. In this study, our aim is to determine the expression of the two DARPP-32 isoforms in human fetal and adult striatal samples. We show that DARPP-32 isoform expression is differentially regulated during human striatal development, with the t-DARPP isoform being virtually absent from whole ganglionic eminence (WGE) and highly induced in the adult striatum (in both caudate and putamen). We next compared the four most common anti-DARPP-32 antibodies used in human specimens, to study their recognition of the two isoforms in fetal and adult human striatal samples by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The four antibodies specifically identify the fl-DARPP-32 in both fetal and adult samples, while t-DARPP form was only detected in adult striatal samples. In addition, the lack of t-DARPP recognition in human adult striatum by the antibody generated against the full-length domain produces in turn different efficacy by immunohistochemical analysis. In conclusion, our results show that expression of human DARPP-32 protein isoforms depends on the striatal neurodevelopmental stage with t-DARPP being specific for the human adult striatum.
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48
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Li M, Jaffe AE, Straub RE, Tao R, Shin JH, Wang Y, Chen Q, Li C, Jia Y, Ohi K, Maher BJ, Brandon NJ, Cross A, Chenoweth JG, Hoeppner DJ, Wei H, Hyde TM, McKay R, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR. A human-specific AS3MT isoform and BORCS7 are molecular risk factors in the 10q24.32 schizophrenia-associated locus. Nat Med 2016; 22:649-56. [PMID: 27158905 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psychiatric disorders, but knowledge is lacking regarding molecular mechanisms. Here we show that risk alleles spanning multiple genes across the 10q24.32 schizophrenia-related locus are associated in the human brain selectively with an increase in the expression of both BLOC-1 related complex subunit 7 (BORCS7) and a previously uncharacterized, human-specific arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) isoform (AS3MT(d2d3)), which lacks arsenite methyltransferase activity and is more abundant in individuals with schizophrenia than in controls. Conditional-expression analysis suggests that BORCS7 and AS3MT(d2d3) signals are largely independent. GWAS risk SNPs across this region are linked with a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the first exon of AS3MT that is associated with the expression of AS3MT(d2d3) in samples from both Caucasians and African Americans. The VNTR genotype predicts promoter activity in luciferase assays, as well as DNA methylation within the AS3MT gene. Both AS3MT(d2d3) and BORCS7 are expressed in adult human neurons and astrocytes, and they are upregulated during human stem cell differentiation toward neuronal fates. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the prominent 10q24.32 locus association, including a novel and evolutionarily recent protein that is involved in early brain development and confers risk for psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yankai Jia
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua G Chenoweth
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel J Hoeppner
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huijun Wei
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald McKay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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49
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Oda Y, Kanahara N, Iyo M. Alterations of Dopamine D2 Receptors and Related Receptor-Interacting Proteins in Schizophrenia: The Pivotal Position of Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30144-63. [PMID: 26694375 PMCID: PMC4691170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) has been a main target of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy for the treatment of schizophrenia, the standard treatment does not offer sufficient relief of symptoms to 20%-30% of patients suffering from this disorder. Moreover, over 80% of patients experience relapsed psychotic episodes within five years following treatment initiation. These data strongly suggest that the continuous blockade of DRD2 by antipsychotic(s) could eventually fail to control the psychosis in some point during long-term treatment, even if such treatment has successfully provided symptomatic improvement for the first-episode psychosis, or stability for the subsequent chronic stage. Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP) is historically known as a by-product of antipsychotic treatment in the manner of tardive dyskinesia or transient rebound psychosis. Numerous data in psychopharmacological studies suggest that the up-regulation of DRD2, caused by antipsychotic(s), is likely the mechanism underlying the development of the dopamine supersensitivity state. However, regardless of evolving notions of dopamine signaling, particularly dopamine release, signal transduction, and receptor recycling, most of this research has been conducted and discussed from the standpoint of disease etiology or action mechanism of the antipsychotic, not of DSP. Hence, the mechanism of the DRD2 up-regulation or mechanism evoking clinical DSP, both of which are caused by pharmacotherapy, remains unknown. Once patients experience a DSP episode, they become increasingly difficult to treat. Light was recently shed on a new aspect of DSP as a treatment-resistant factor. Clarification of the detailed mechanism of DSP is therefore crucial, and a preventive treatment strategy for DSP or treatment-resistant schizophrenia is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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50
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Berretta S, Heckers S, Benes FM. Searching human brain for mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Implications for studies on schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 167:91-7. [PMID: 25458567 PMCID: PMC4427537 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past 25years, research on the human brain has been providing a clear path toward understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses. The successes that have been accrued are matched by significant difficulties identifying and controlling a large number of potential confounding variables. By systematically and effectively accounting for unwanted variance in data from imaging and postmortem human brain studies, meaningful and reliable information regarding the pathophysiology of human brain disorders can be obtained. This perspective paper focuses on postmortem investigations to discuss some of the most challenging sources of variance, including diagnosis, comorbidity, substance abuse and pharmacological treatment, which confound investigations of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University. 161 21st Ave S. #T1217 Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francine M. Benes
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, 115 Mill St. Belmont MA, 02478, USA
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