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Korom M, Tabachnick AR, Sellers T, Valadez EA, Tottenham N, Dozier M. Associations between cortical thickness and parasympathetic nervous system functioning during middle childhood. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14391. [PMID: 37455342 PMCID: PMC10789912 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Positive associations have been found between cortical thickness and measures of parasympathetic cardiac control (e.g., respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) in adults, which may indicate mechanistic integration between neural and physiological indicators of stress regulation. However, it is unknown when in development this brain-body association arises and whether the direction of association and neuroanatomical localization vary across development. To investigate this, we collected structural magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state respiratory sinus arrhythmia data from children in middle childhood (N = 62, Mage = 10.09, range: 8.28-12.14 years). Whole-brain and exploratory ROI analyses revealed positive associations between RSA and cortical thickness in four frontal and parietal clusters in the left hemisphere and one cluster in the right. Exploratory ROI analyses revealed a similar positive association between cortical thickness and RSA, with two regions surviving multiple comparison correction, including the inferior frontal orbital gyrus and the Sylvian fissure. Prior work has identified these cortical areas as part of the central autonomic network that supports integrative regulation of stress response (e.g., autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral) and emotional expression. Our results suggest that the association between cortical thickness and resting RSA is present in middle childhood and is similar to the associations seen during adulthood. Future studies should investigate associations between RSA and cortical thickness among young children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Korom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Tabitha Sellers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Emilio A Valadez
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Dozier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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2
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Ambresin G, Leuzinger-Bohleber M, Fischmann T, Axmacher N, Hattingen E, Bansal R, Peterson BS. The multi-level outcome study of psychoanalysis for chronically depressed patients with early trauma (MODE): rationale and design of an international multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:844. [PMID: 37974088 PMCID: PMC10652457 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether and how psychotherapies change brain structure and function is unknown. Its study is of great importance for contemporary psychotherapy, as it may lead to discovery of neurobiological mechanisms that predict and mediate lasting changes in psychotherapy, particularly in severely mentally ill patients, such as those with chronic depression. Previous studies have shown that psychoanalytic psychotherapies produce robust and enduring improvements in not only symptom severity but also personality organization in patients who have chronic depression and early life trauma, especially if therapy is delivered at a high weekly frequency. METHODS/DESIGN Patients with chronic major depression and a history of early life trauma will be recruited, assessed, and treated across 3 international sites: Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. They will be randomized to one of two treatment arms: either (1) once weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapies, or (2) 3-4 times weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapies. They will have full clinical characterization as well as undergo MRI scanning at study baseline prior to randomization and again one year later. A group of matched healthy controls will undergo similar assessments and MRI scanning at the same time points to help discern whether study treatments induce brain changes toward or away from normal values. Primary study outcomes will include anatomical MRI, functional MRI, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging measures. Study hypotheses will be tested using the treatment-by-time interaction assessed in multiple general linear models with repeated measures analyses in an intent-to-treat analysis. DISCUSSION MODE may allow the identification of brain-based biomarkers that may be more sensitive than traditional behavioral and clinical measures in discriminating, predicting, and mediating treatment response. These findings could help to personalize care for patients who have chronic depression patients and early life trauma, and they will provide new therapeutic targets for both psychological and biological treatments for major depressive illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ambresin
- Department of Psychiatry-CHUV, University Institute of Psychotherapy, The University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Research Department of Neurosciences, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wu GR, Baeken C. Normative modeling analysis reveals corpus callosum volume changes in early and mid-to-late first episode major depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:10-16. [PMID: 37499915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely accepted that major depressive disorder (MDD) impacts brain structures including the Corpus Callosum (CC). However, this assumption is based on scarce literature data involving small sample sizes. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether such CC volume changes may already be present at a first depressive episode. METHODS To further investigate this question, we compared 369 first-episode MDD patients (mean age = 35 years (sd = 12), 249 females; 283 early onset, 86 mid-to-late onset) from the open-source REST meta-MDD database closely matched for age and gender to 490 never-depressed individuals (mean age = 37 years (sd = 14); 309 females) using Z-scores obtained from normative neuroanatomical modeling to assess individual variability in CC (sub)volumes. RESULTS Relative to the norms established by the healthy controls, first-episode MDD patients displayed CC volume (z-score) reductions in the entire CC (including the body), as did mid-to-late-onset first-episode MDD patients (age ≥ 45 y). In early-onset first-episode MDD patients (age ≤ 44 y), depression severity symptoms were related to volume increases in the entire CC, as well as the body and splenium. LIMITATIONS No data on depressive episode duration. Relatively small sample size for mid-to-late first-episode MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed CC (sub)volume differences in early versus mid-to-late onset first episode MDD. Especially at early onset, depression severity may result in neural white matter activity as potential reaction to stress influences. Our results underline the importance of prompt clinical interventions at early onset MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Psychiatry, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Bansal R, Hellerstein DJ, Sawardekar S, Chen Y, Peterson BS. A randomized controlled trial of desvenlafaxine-induced structural brain changes in the treatment of persistent depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 331:111634. [PMID: 36996664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical changes that antidepressant medications induce in the brain and through which they exert their therapeutic effects remain largely unknown. We randomized 61 patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) to receive either desvenlafaxine or placebo in a 12-week trial and acquired anatomical MRI scans in 42 of those patients at baseline before randomization and immediately at the end of the trial. We also acquired MRIs once in 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We assessed whether the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, desvenlafaxine, differentially changed cortical thickness during the trial compared with placebo. Patients relative to controls at baseline had thinner cortices across the brain. Although baseline thickness was not associated with symptom severity, thicker baseline cortices predicted greater reduction in symptom severity in those treated with desvenlafaxine but not placebo. We did not detect significant treatment-by-time effects on cortical thickness. These findings suggest that baseline thickness may serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment response to desvenlafaxine. The absence of treatment-by-time effects may be attributable either to use of insufficient desvenlafaxine dosing, a lack of desvenlafaxine efficacy in treating PDD, or the short trial duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - David J Hellerstein
- Depression Evaluation Service, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Depression Evaluation Service, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033, USA
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Yoon EJ, Lee JY, Kwak S, Kim YK. Mild behavioral impairment linked to progression to Alzheimer's disease and cortical thinning in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1051621. [PMID: 36688162 PMCID: PMC9846631 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by later life emergence of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms, as an at-risk state for dementia. However, the associations between MBI and a risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its neuroanatomical correlates in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still unclear. Method A total 1,184 older adults with amnestic MCI was followed for a mean of 3.1 ± 2.0 years. MBI was approximated using a transformation algorithm for the Neuropsychiatric Inventory at baseline. A two-step cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals with amnestic MCI based on profiles of 5 MBI domain symptoms (decreased motivation, affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, abnormal perception/thought content). A Cox regression analysis was applied to investigate differences in the risk of progression to AD between subgroups. A subset of participants (n = 202) underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI scans at baseline and cortical thickness was compared between the subgroups of amnestic MCI patients. Result The cluster analysis classified the patients into 3 groups: (1) patients without any MBI domain symptoms (47.4%, asymptomatic group); (2) those with only affective dysregulation (29.4%, affective dysregulation group); (3) those with multiple MBI domain symptoms, particularly affective dysregulation, decreased motivation and impulse dyscontrol (23.2%, complex group). Compared to the asymptomatic group, the complex group was associated with a higher risk of progression to AD (hazard ratio = 2.541 [1.904-3.392], p < 0.001), but the affective dysregulation group was not (1.214 [0.883-1.670], p = 0.232). In cortical thickness analysis, the complex group revealed cortical thinning bilaterally in the inferior parietal, lateral occipital, lateral superior temporal, and frontopolar regions compared with the affective dysregulation group. Conclusion The multiple co-occuring MBI domains in individuals with amnestic MCI are associated with a higher risk of progression to AD and cortical thinning in temporal, parietal and frontal areas. These results suggest that evaluation of MBI could be useful for risk stratification for AD and appropriate intervention in MCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yoon
- Memory Network Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seyul Kwak
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yu Kyeong Kim,
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Zhang N, Jiang H, Wang H, Wang Y, Peng Y, Liu Y, Xia C, Yan X, Chu S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen N. Novel Antidepressant Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Regulating the Dysfunction of the Glutamatergic System in Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010575. [PMID: 36614017 PMCID: PMC9820673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1, a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, has been shown to have antidepressant effects. We previously found that Rg1 exerts antidepressant effects by improving the gap junction channels (GJCs) dysfunction; however, the downstream mechanisms through which Rg1 ameliorates GJC dysfunction remain unclear. Since hemichannels directly release glutamate, GJC dysfunction decreases the expression levels of glutamate transporters in astrocytes, and glutamatergic system dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of depression. The glutamatergic system may be a potential downstream target of Rg1 that exerts antidepressant effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the downstream mechanisms by which Rg1 ameliorated GJC dysfunction and exerted its antidepressant effects. Corticosterone (CORT) is used to mimic high glucocorticoid levels in patients with depression in vitro. Primary cortical astrocytes were isolated and phosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) as well as the functions of hemichannels, GJCs, and the glutamatergic system were evaluated after drug treatment. Rg1 pretreatment reversed the anomalous activation of Cx43 phosphorylation as well as the dysfunction of hemichannels, GJCs, and the glutamatergic system induced by CORT. These results suggest that Rg1 can ameliorate CORT-induced dysfunction of the glutamatergic system in astrocytes by potentially reducing Cx43 phosphorylation and inhibiting opening of hemichannels, thereby improving GJC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ye Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yangbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Congyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (N.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.W.); +86-10-6316-5177 (N.C.)
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (N.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.W.); +86-10-6316-5177 (N.C.)
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Wang YB, Song NN, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Neural Plasticity and Depression Treatment. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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Peterson BS, West AE, Weisz JR, Mack WJ, Kipke MD, Findling RL, Mittman BS, Bansal R, Piantadosi S, Takata G, Koebnick C, Ashen C, Snowdy C, Poulsen M, Arora BK, Allem CM, Perez M, Marcy SN, Hudson BO, Chan SH, Weersing R. A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 34193105 PMCID: PMC8243307 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of a child who has an anxiety disorder usually begins with the question of which treatment to start first, medication or psychotherapy. Both have strong empirical support, but few studies have compared their effectiveness head-to-head, and none has investigated what to do if the treatment tried first isn't working well-whether to optimize the treatment already begun or to add the other treatment. METHODS This is a single-blind Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) of 24 weeks duration with two levels of randomization, one in each of two 12-week stages. In Stage 1, children will be randomized to fluoxetine or Coping Cat Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). In Stage 2, remitters will continue maintenance-level therapy with the single-modality treatment received in Stage 1. Non-remitters during the first 12 weeks of treatment will be randomized to either [1] optimization of their Stage 1 treatment, or [2] optimization of Stage 1 treatment and addition of the other intervention. After the 24-week trial, we will follow participants during open, naturalistic treatment to assess the durability of study treatment effects. Patients, 8-17 years of age who are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, will be recruited and treated within 9 large clinical sites throughout greater Los Angeles. They will be predominantly underserved, ethnic minorities. The primary outcome measure will be the self-report score on the 41-item youth SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders). An intent-to-treat analysis will compare youth randomized to fluoxetine first versus those randomized to CBT first ("Main Effect 1"). Then, among Stage 1 non-remitters, we will compare non-remitters randomized to optimization of their Stage 1 monotherapy versus non-remitters randomized to combination treatment ("Main Effect 2"). The interaction of these main effects will assess whether one of the 4 treatment sequences (CBT➔CBT; CBT➔med; med➔med; med➔CBT) in non-remitters is significantly better or worse than predicted from main effects alone. DISCUSSION Findings from this SMART study will identify treatment sequences that optimize outcomes in ethnically diverse pediatric patients from underserved low- and middle-income households who have anxiety disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol, version 1.0, was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on February 17, 2021 with Identifier: NCT04760275 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Peterson
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amy E. West
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John R. Weisz
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michele D. Kipke
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert L. Findling
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Brian S. Mittman
- grid.414895.50000 0004 0445 1191Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ravi Bansal
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steven Piantadosi
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBrigham And Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Glenn Takata
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Corinna Koebnick
- grid.414895.50000 0004 0445 1191Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ceth Ashen
- Children’s Bureau of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher Snowdy
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marie Poulsen
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bhavana Kumar Arora
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Courtney M. Allem
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marisa Perez
- Hathaway-Sycamores Child and Family Services, Altadena, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Marcy
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bradley O. Hudson
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Robin Weersing
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491SDSU-UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
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Yang J, Hellerstein DJ, Chen Y, McGrath PJ, Stewart JW, Liu Z, Peterson BS, Wang Z. Gray matter reorganization underpinnings of antidepressant treatment of persistent depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:129-138. [PMID: 33402259 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain gray matter is organized in a manner with interconnected brain regions, resulting in a notable covariance pattern that recapitulates either the functional coactivation or structural connectivity of brain regions, which is believed to underpin psychiatric disorders such as depression. This study aimed to investigate whether and how antidepressants took effect in treating depression and reducing symptoms by altering the gray matter covariance pattern. We combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) studies of the treatment using serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant medications in patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD). One was an RCT of 10-week duloxetine medication that consisted of patients who received duloxetine (N = 21) or placebo (N = 21), and the other was an RCT of 12-week desvenlafaxine medication that consisted of 19 and 17 patients respectively who received desvenlafaxine or placebo. We examined treatment effect on gray matter volume (GMV) and topological organization of GMV covariance pattern (i.e., GMV-based network). We found a treatment-by-time effect on GMV in the angular gyrus and cuneus areas, whereas the GMV change rate of the cuneus was inversely correlated with the response rate. We observed a significant increase in the local efficiency of the GMV-based network following medication treatment compared with placebo. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for a GMV-based network-specific reconfiguration caused by antidepressants compared to placebo and the cuneus may be a possible candidate region to predict antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Z Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David J Hellerstein
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan W Stewart
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Z Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhishun Wang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Gan L, Ke L, Fu Y, Di Q, Ma X. Effects of Online Bodyweight High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention and Health Education on the Mental Health and Cognition of Sedentary Young Females. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010302. [PMID: 33401605 PMCID: PMC7795383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention and health education on the behaviors, mental health, and cognitive function of sedentary young females. A single-blinded, six-week, randomized controlled pilot trial involving 70 sedentary young Chinese females, aged 18-30 years, was conducted. An intervention group (IG) (n = 33) underwent a HIIT intervention and health education, while a waitlist group (WG) (n = 37) only received health education. In pre-, mid-, and post-tests, both groups filled out questionnaires about physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health. Cognitive functions were assessed at the pre- and post-tests by computer-administered cognitive tests. A mixed-effect model with repeated measures was used to analyze outcomes of interest. The retention rate of the IG and WG was 100% and 78.38%, respectively. The IG were found to have significantly increased rates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (Mdiff = 940.61, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 576.67, 1304.55) from pre-test to post-test, while the WG demonstrated a more marked reduction in sedentary time (Mdiff = -73.02, p = 0.038, 95% CI: -141.90, -4.14) compared with the IG in the post-test. Moreover, anxiety and stress levels were shown to significantly reduce in the IG over the six-week period (Mdiff = -4.73, p = 0.002, 95% CI: -7.30, -2.15 and Mdiff = -5.09, p = 0.001, 95% CI: -8.29, -1.89, respectively). In addition, we observed a significant improvement in verbal ability (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.19) following the HIIT intervention and effects of the interaction with time on processing speed (p = 0.050, ηp2 = 0.10) and episodic memory (p = 0.048, ηp2 = 0.11). Moreover, the IG had better global cognitive performance than the WG in the post-test (Mdiff = 8.28, p = 0.003, 95% CI: 3.06, 13.50). In summary, both an online bodyweight HIIT intervention combined with health education, or health education alone, can effectively improve health-related behaviors, but the behavioral consequences may differ based on the emphasis of different intervention modalities. Furthermore, the "bodyweight HIIT plus health education" modality might be a more promising online intervention strategy to mitigate against negative emotions and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Beier Zhang
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Liaoyan Gan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada;
| | - Limei Ke
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yingyao Fu
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1350-128-8851
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11
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Ren F, Guo R. Synaptic Microenvironment in Depressive Disorder: Insights from Synaptic Plasticity. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:157-165. [PMID: 33519203 PMCID: PMC7838013 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s268012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major disease that can affect both mental and physical health, limits psychosocial functioning and diminishes the quality of life. But its complex pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The dynamic changes of synaptic structure and function, known as synaptic plasticity, occur with the changes of different cellular microenvironment and are closely related to learning and memory function. Accumulating evidence implies that synaptic plasticity is integrally involved in the pathological changes of mood disorders, especially in depressive disorder. However, the complex dynamic process of synaptic plasticity is influenced by many factors. Here, we reviewed and discussed various factors affecting synaptic plasticity in depression, and proposed a specific framework named synaptic microenvironment, which may be critical for synaptic plasticity under pathological conditions. Based on this concept, we will show how we understand the balance between the synaptic microenvironment and the synaptic plasticity network in depression. Finally, we point out the clinical significance of the synaptic microenvironment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sahib AK, Loureiro JR, Vasavada MM, Kubicki A, Wade B, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Congdon E, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Modulation of inhibitory control networks relate to clinical response following ketamine therapy in major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32732915 PMCID: PMC7393172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine is found to induce fast-acting and pronounced antidepressant effects, even in treatment resistant depression (TRD). However, it remains unclear how ketamine modulates neural function at the brain systems-level to regulate emotion and behavior. Here, we examined treatment-related changes in the inhibitory control network after single and repeated ketamine therapy in TRD. Forty-seven TRD patients (mean age = 38, 19 women) and 32 healthy controls (mean age = 35, 18 women) performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response inhibition task at baseline, and 37 patients completed the fMRI task and symptom scales again 24 h after receiving both one and four 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketamine infusions. Analyses of fMRI data addressed effects of diagnosis, time, and differences between treatment remitters and non-remitters. Significant decreases in brain activation were observed in the inhibitory control network, including in prefrontal and parietal regions, and visual cortex following serial ketamine treatment, p < 0.05 corrected. Remitters were distinguished from non-remitters by having lower functional activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA) prior to treatment, which normalized towards controls following serial ketamine treatment. Results suggest that ketamine treatment leads to neurofunctional plasticity in executive control networks including the SMA during a response-inhibitory task. SMA changes relate to reductions in depressive symptoms, suggesting modulation of this network play an important role in therapeutic response. In addition, early changes in the SMA network during response inhibition appear predictive of overall treatment outcome, and may serve as a biomarker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Sahib
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joana Ra Loureiro
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megha M Vasavada
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Yang K, Yang Q, Niu Y, Fan F, Chen S, Luo X, Tan S, Wang Z, Tong J, Yang F, Le TM, Li CSR, Tan Y. Cortical Thickness in Alcohol Dependent Patients With Apathy. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:364. [PMID: 32431630 PMCID: PMC7214693 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies reported structural brain changes in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs). However, no studies identified structural correlates of apathy that might aggravate alcohol misuse. Here, we explored regional differences in cortical thickness in PADs relative to healthy controls (HCs), and examined the potential correlation of regional thickness with the severity of apathy. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 33 male PADs and 35 male age- and education-matched HCs. We used the FreeSurfer software to investigate group differences in cortical thickness across 148 regions. Apathy was evaluated using the Lille Apathy Rating Scale-Informant (LARS-I). Regression analyses examined the relationship between cortical thickness of regions of interest and apathy score in PADs. RESULTS Compared to HCs, PADs showed significant decreases in the cortical thickness of occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), including the left middle occipital gyrus and occipital pole, right superior occipital gyri, and bilateral lingual gyrus; bilateral superior parietal cortex (SPC), including the right intraparietal sulcus; and bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IPC). Furthermore, the cortical thickness of all of the three regions was negatively correlated with the apathy total scores. The cortical thickness of the IPC was also negatively correlated with the action initiation subscore of the LARS-I. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest the thickness of bilateral parietal and occipital temporal cortices as neural markers of apathy in PADs. These findings add to the literature by identifying the neural bases of a critical clinical feature of individuals with alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebing Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Turkheimer FE, Selvaggi P, Mehta MA, Veronese M, Zelaya F, Dazzan P, Vernon AC. Normalizing the Abnormal: Do Antipsychotic Drugs Push the Cortex Into an Unsustainable Metabolic Envelope? Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:484-495. [PMID: 31755955 PMCID: PMC7147598 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of antipsychotic medication to manage psychosis, principally in those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, is well established. Antipsychotics are effective in normalizing positive symptoms of psychosis in the short term (delusions, hallucinations and disordered thought). Their long-term use is, however, associated with side effects, including several types of movement (extrapyramidal syndrome, dyskinesia, akathisia), metabolic and cardiac disorders. Furthermore, higher lifetime antipsychotic dose-years may be associated with poorer cognitive performance and blunted affect, although the mechanisms driving the latter associations are not well understood. In this article, we propose a novel model of the long-term effects of antipsychotic administration focusing on the changes in brain metabolic homeostasis induced by the medication. We propose here that the brain metabolic normalization, that occurs in parallel to the normalization of psychotic symptoms following antipsychotic treatment, may not ultimately be sustainable by the cerebral tissue of some patients; these patients may be characterized by already reduced oxidative metabolic capacity and this may push the brain into an unsustainable metabolic envelope resulting in tissue remodeling. To support this perspective, we will review the existing data on the brain metabolic trajectories of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as indexed using available neuroimaging tools before and after use of medication. We will also consider data from pre-clinical studies to provide mechanistic support for our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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15
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Krause-Sorio B, Kilpatrick L, Siddarth P, Ercoli L, Laird KT, Aguilar-Faustino Y, Milillo MM, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Cortical thickness increases with levomilnacipran treatment in a pilot randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in late-life depression. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:140-148. [PMID: 31332902 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with significant medical comorbidity, cognitive impairment, and suboptimal treatment response compared to depression experienced earlier in life. Levomilnacipran (LVM) is a novel antidepressant the effects of which on neuroplasticity have not yet been investigated. We investigated the effect of LVM on cortical thickness in a pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial in LLD. METHODS Twenty-nine adults (≥ 60 years) with major depression (48.3% female; mean age = 71.5 ± 5.8 years; mean education = 16.0 ± 1.7 years) were randomised to either LVM or placebo for 12 weeks. T1-weighted images were acquired at baseline and 12 weeks. Thirteen subjects (six LVM and seven placebo) completed the study. Group differences in cortical thickness change across the study period were evaluated, with age and total intracranial volume included as covariates. RESULTS Dropout rates did not differ significantly between groups. The LVM group had significantly more side effects, but no serious adverse events were reported. Lower LVM dose (≤ 40 mg) was better tolerated than higher doses (80-120 mg). Additionally, the LVM group showed a larger increase in cortical thickness in the right postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory), supramarginal gyrus (sensory association region), and lateral occipital cortex (visual cortex) compared to the placebo group and greater reductions in the left insula. CONCLUSIONS LVM may be less tolerable by older adults with depression and the effects on cortical thickness across sensory and sensory association regions may be related to the experience of side effects. Larger studies are necessary to evaluate treatment efficacy, tolerability, and neural effects of LVM in LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelsey T Laird
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yesenia Aguilar-Faustino
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michaela M Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Dow-Edwards D, MacMaster FP, Peterson BS, Niesink R, Andersen S, Braams BR. Experience during adolescence shapes brain development: From synapses and networks to normal and pathological behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106834. [PMID: 31505230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of dramatic neural reorganization creating a period of vulnerability and the possibility for the development of psychopathology. The maturation of various neural circuits during adolescence depends, to a large degree, on one's experiences both physical and psychosocial. This occurs through a process of plasticity which is the structural and functional adaptation of the nervous system in response to environmental demands, physiological changes and experiences. During adolescence, this adaptation proceeds upon a backdrop of structural and functional alterations imparted by genetic and epigenetic factors and experiences both prior to birth and during the postnatal period. Plasticity entails an altering of connections between neurons through long-term potentiation (LTP) (which alters synaptic efficiency), synaptogenesis, axonal sprouting, dendritic remodeling, neurogenesis and recruitment (Skaper et al., 2017). Although most empirical evidence for plasticity derives from studies of the sensory systems, recent studies have suggested that during adolescence, social, emotional, and cognitive experiences alter the structure and function of the networks subserving these domains of behavior. Each of these neural networks exhibits heightened vulnerability to experience-dependent plasticity during the sensitive periods which occur in different circuits and different brain regions at specific periods of development. This report will summarize some examples of adaptation which occur during adolescence and some evidence that the adolescent brain responds differently to stimuli compared to adults and children. This symposium, "Experience during adolescence shapes brain development: from synapses and networks to normal and pathological behavior" occurred during the Developmental Neurotoxicology Society/Teratology Society Annual Meeting in Clearwater Florida, June 2018. The sections will describe the maturation of the brain during adolescence as studied using imaging technologies, illustrate how plasticity shapes the structure of the brain using examples of pathological conditions such as Tourette's' syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and a review of the key molecular systems involved in this plasticity and how some commonly abused substances alter brain development. The role of stimulants used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the plasticity of the reward circuit is then described. Lastly, clinical data promoting an understanding of peer-influences on risky behavior in adolescents provides evidence for the complexity of the roles that peers play in decision making, a phenomenon different from that in the adult. Imaging studies have revealed that activation of the social network by the presence of peers at times of decision making is unique in the adolescent. Since normal brain development relies on experiences which alter the functional and structural connections between cells within circuits and networks to ultimately alter behavior, readers can be made aware of the myriad of ways normal developmental processes can be hijacked. The vulnerability of developing adolescent brain places the adolescent at risk for the development of a life time of abnormal behaviors and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dow-Edwards
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America.
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry & Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Addiction and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Raymond Niesink
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, School of Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Andersen
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - B R Braams
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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17
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Saricicek Aydogan A, Oztekin E, Esen ME, Dusmez S, Gelal F, Besiroğlu L, Zorlu N. Cortical thickening in remitters compared to non-remitters with major depressive disorder following 8-week antidepressant treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:217-226. [PMID: 31250445 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relationship between antidepressant treatment outcomes and underlying neurobiological mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate how cortical thickness and subcortical volumes differed between remitter and non-remitter patients with MDD. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with MDD with a score of at least 17 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and free of medication for at least 2 months and 41 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. At the baseline, patients with MDD started on either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or vortioxetine. After 8-week antidepressant treatment, patients with MDD were scanned using the same MRI protocol. Structural images were analyzed using the FreeSurfer software package (version 6.0). RESULTS Longitudinal analyses showed remitter patients with MDD had significantly greater right cerebral cortex thickening in six significant clusters, including superior temporal cortex, precuneus, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars opercularis (although the cluster extends into the insula), inferior parietal cortex, and supramarginal cortex than in non-remitter patients with MDD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that distinct antidepressant treatment-related structural alterations in brain regions implicated in cognition, emotion regulation, and rumination might be associated with treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saricicek Aydogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - E Oztekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M E Esen
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Idil State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey
| | - S Dusmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - L Besiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - N Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Fu S, Ma X, Li C, Wang T, Li C, Bai Z, Hua K, Yin Y, Wu Y, Yu K, Liu M, Ke Q, Tian J, Jiang G. Aberrant regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder after traffic accident: A resting-state functional MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101951. [PMID: 31374398 PMCID: PMC6676011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study explored the changes in spontaneous regional activity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, who experienced severe traffic accidents. METHODS 20 drug-naive PTSD patients and 18 healthy control subjects were imaged using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and analyzed by the algorithm of regional homogeneity (ReHo). RESULTS Compared to the healthy control group, the PTSD group showed decreased ReHo values in the right angular gyrus. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the activity level of the angular gyrus and the CAPS score. CONCLUSION The dysfunctions were found in the memory- and emotion-related areas, suggested a possible mechanism of memory dysregulation that might be related to the intrusive memory symptoms of PTSD. These results provided imaging evidence that might provide an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic functional architecture of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishun Fu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Li
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelei Hua
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghui Yu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiying Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Bansal R, Hellerstein DJ, Sawardekar S, O'Neill J, Peterson BS. Effects of the antidepressant medication duloxetine on brain metabolites in persistent depressive disorder: A randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219679. [PMID: 31323045 PMCID: PMC6641507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess whether patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) have abnormal levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and whether those levels normalize following treatment with the antidepressant medication duloxetine. Furthermore, we conducted post hoc analyses of other important brain metabolites to understand better the cellular and physiological determinants for changes in NAA levels. Methods We acquired proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data on a 3 Tesla (3T), GE Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner in 41 patients (39.9±10.4 years, 22 males) with PDD at two time points: before the start and at the end of a 10-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the antidepressant medication duloxetine. Patients were randomized such that 21 patients received the active medication and 20 patients received placebo during the 10 week period of the trial. In addition, we acquire 1H MRSI data once in 29 healthy controls (37.7±11.2 years, 17 males). Findings Patients had significantly higher baseline concentrations of NAA across white matter (WM) pathways and subcortical gray matter, and in direct proportion to the severity of depressive symptoms. NAA concentrations declined in duloxetine-treated patients over the duration of the trial in the direction toward healthy values, whereas concentrations increased in placebo-treated patients, deviating even further away from healthy values. Changes in NAA concentration did not mediate medication effects on reducing symptom severity, however; instead, changes in symptom severity partially mediated the effects of medication on NAA concentration, especially in the caudate and putamen. Interpretation These findings, taken together, suggest that PDD is not a direct consequence of elevated NAA concentrations, but that a more fundamental pathophysiological process likely causes PDD and determines the severity of its symptoms. The findings also suggest that although duloxetine normalized NAA concentrations in patients, it did so by modulating the severity of depressive symptoms. Medication presumably reduced depressive symptoms through other, as yet unidentified, brain processes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00360724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - David J Hellerstein
- Depression Evaluation Service, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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20
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He Y, Lim S, Fortunato S, Sporns O, Zhang L, Qiu J, Xie P, Zuo XN. Reconfiguration of Cortical Networks in MDD Uncovered by Multiscale Community Detection with fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1383-1395. [PMID: 29300840 PMCID: PMC6093364 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is known to be associated with altered interactions between distributed brain regions. How these regional changes relate to the reorganization of cortical functional systems, and their modulation by antidepressant medication, is relatively unexplored. To identify changes in the community structure of cortical functional networks in MDD, we performed a multiscale community detection algorithm on resting-state functional connectivity networks of unmedicated MDD (uMDD) patients (n = 46), medicated MDD (mMDD) patients (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 50), which yielded a spectrum of multiscale community partitions. we selected an optimal resolution level by identifying the most stable community partition for each group. uMDD and mMDD groups exhibited a similar reconfiguration of the community structure of the visual association and the default mode systems but showed different reconfiguration profiles in the frontoparietal control (FPC) subsystems. Furthermore, the central system (somatomotor/salience) and 3 frontoparietal subsystems showed strengthened connectivity with other communities in uMDD but, with the exception of 1 frontoparietal subsystem, returned to control levels in mMDD. These findings provide evidence for reconfiguration of specific cortical functional systems associated with MDD, as well as potential effects of medication in restoring disease-related network alterations, especially those of the FPC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sol Lim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Santo Fortunato
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory for Brain and Education Sciences, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory for Brain and Education Sciences, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Research Center for Lifespan Development of Mind and Brain, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
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21
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Bartlett EA, DeLorenzo C, Sharma P, Yang J, Zhang M, Petkova E, Weissman M, McGrath PJ, Fava M, Ogden RT, Kurian BT, Malchow A, Cooper CM, Trombello JM, McInnis M, Adams P, Oquendo MA, Pizzagalli DA, Trivedi M, Parsey RV. Pretreatment and early-treatment cortical thickness is associated with SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2221-2230. [PMID: 29955151 PMCID: PMC6135779 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, there are no biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment response in clinical use. Such biomarkers could allow for individualized treatment selection, reducing time spent on ineffective treatments and the burden of MDD. In search of such a biomarker, multisite pretreatment and early-treatment (1 week into treatment) structural magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired from 184 patients with MDD randomized to an 8-week trial of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline or placebo. This study represents a large, multisite, placebo-controlled effort to examine the association between pretreatment differences or early-treatment changes in cortical thickness and treatment-specific outcomes. For standardization, a novel, robust site harmonization procedure was applied to structural measures in a priori regions (rostral and caudal anterior cingulate, lateral orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, and hippocampus), chosen based on previously published reports. Pretreatment cortical thickness or volume did not significantly associate with SSRI response. Thickening of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in the first week of treatment was associated with better 8-week responses to SSRI (p = 0.010). These findings indicate that frontal lobe structural alterations in the first week of treatment may be associated with long-term treatment efficacy. While these associational findings may help to elucidate the specific neural targets of SSRIs, the predictive accuracy of pretreatment or early-treatment structural alterations in classifying treatment remitters from nonremitters was limited to 63.9%. Therefore, in this large sample of adults with MDD, structural MR imaging measures were not found to be clinically translatable biomarkers of treatment response to SSRI or placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bartlett
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Priya Sharma
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Jie Yang
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Mengru Zhang
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Eva Petkova
- 0000 0001 2109 4251grid.240324.3Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, NY USA
| | - Myrna Weissman
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - R. Todd Ogden
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Biostatistics, Columbia University, NY, NY USA
| | - Benji T. Kurian
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Ashley Malchow
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Crystal M. Cooper
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Joseph M. Trombello
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Phillip Adams
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
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22
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Newsome MR, Wilde EA, Bigler ED, Liu Q, Mayer AR, Taylor BA, Steinberg JL, Tate DF, Abildskov TJ, Scheibel RS, Walker WC, Levin HS. Functional brain connectivity and cortical thickness in relation to chronic pain in post-911 veterans and service members with mTBI. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1236-1244. [PMID: 30047797 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1494853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate the relation of chronic pain interference to functional connectivity (FC) of brain regions and to cortical thickness in post-911 Veterans and Service Members (SMs) who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). METHODS This is an observational study with cross-sectional analyses. A sample of 65 enrollees completing initial evaluation at a single site of the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) reported pain interference ratings on the TBI QOL. Functional connectivity and cortical thickness were measured. RESULTS Severity of pain interference was negatively related to FC of the default mode network (DMN), i.e., participants who reported more severe pain interference had less FC between mesial prefrontal cortex and posterior regions of the DMN including posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Cortical thickness of specific regions was positively related to severity of pain interference. CONCLUSION The more that pain was perceived to interfere with daily life, the less the FC between regions in a network associated with self-referential thought and mind wandering. Although cortical thickness in specific brain regions was positively related to severity of pain interference, follow-up longitudinal data, control group data, and study of individual differences in this cohort will expand this initial report and replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Newsome
- a Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and H. Ben Taub , Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- a Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and H. Ben Taub , Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Neurology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- c Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
| | - Qisheng Liu
- a Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and H. Ben Taub , Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- d The Mind Research Network, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Brian A Taylor
- e College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- f Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - David F Tate
- g Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- c Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- a Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and H. Ben Taub , Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - William C Walker
- h Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- a Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and H. Ben Taub , Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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23
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Bansal R, Peterson BS. Cluster-level statistical inference in fMRI datasets: The unexpected behavior of random fields in high dimensions. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:101-115. [PMID: 29408478 PMCID: PMC5991838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying regional effects of interest in MRI datasets usually entails testing a priori hypotheses across many thousands of brain voxels, requiring control for false positive findings in these multiple hypotheses testing. Recent studies have suggested that parametric statistical methods may have incorrectly modeled functional MRI data, thereby leading to higher false positive rates than their nominal rates. Nonparametric methods for statistical inference when conducting multiple statistical tests, in contrast, are thought to produce false positives at the nominal rate, which has thus led to the suggestion that previously reported studies should reanalyze their fMRI data using nonparametric tools. To understand better why parametric methods may yield excessive false positives, we assessed their performance when applied both to simulated datasets of 1D, 2D, and 3D Gaussian Random Fields (GRFs) and to 710 real-world, resting-state fMRI datasets. We showed that both the simulated 2D and 3D GRFs and the real-world data contain a small percentage (<6%) of very large clusters (on average 60 times larger than the average cluster size), which were not present in 1D GRFs. These unexpectedly large clusters were deemed statistically significant using parametric methods, leading to empirical familywise error rates (FWERs) as high as 65%: the high empirical FWERs were not a consequence of parametric methods failing to model spatial smoothness accurately, but rather of these very large clusters that are inherently present in smooth, high-dimensional random fields. In fact, when discounting these very large clusters, the empirical FWER for parametric methods was 3.24%. Furthermore, even an empirical FWER of 65% would yield on average less than one of those very large clusters in each brain-wide analysis. Nonparametric methods, in contrast, estimated distributions from those large clusters, and therefore, by construct rejected the large clusters as false positives at the nominal FWERs. Those rejected clusters were outlying values in the distribution of cluster size but cannot be distinguished from true positive findings without further analyses, including assessing whether fMRI signal in those regions correlates with other clinical, behavioral, or cognitive measures. Rejecting the large clusters, however, significantly reduced the statistical power of nonparametric methods in detecting true findings compared with parametric methods, which would have detected most true findings that are essential for making valid biological inferences in MRI data. Parametric analyses, in contrast, detected most true findings while generating relatively few false positives: on average, less than one of those very large clusters would be deemed a true finding in each brain-wide analysis. We therefore recommend the continued use of parametric methods that model nonstationary smoothness for cluster-level, familywise control of false positives, particularly when using a Cluster Defining Threshold of 2.5 or higher, and subsequently assessing rigorously the biological plausibility of the findings, even for large clusters. Finally, because nonparametric methods yielded a large reduction in statistical power to detect true positive findings, we conclude that the modest reduction in false positive findings that nonparametric analyses afford does not warrant a re-analysis of previously published fMRI studies using nonparametric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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24
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Zhou H, Wang B, Sun H, Xu X, Wang Y. Epigenetic Regulations in Neural Stem Cells and Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6087143. [PMID: 29743892 PMCID: PMC5878882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6087143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the regulatory mechanisms of the renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells, recent evidences support that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs play critical roles in the regulation on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. In this review, we discussed recent advances of DNA modifications on the regulative mechanisms of neural stem cells. Among these epigenetic modifications, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is emerging as an important modulator on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. At the same time, Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenases, the rate-limiting enzyme for the 5-hydroxymethylation reaction from 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. The functions of 5hmC and TET proteins on neural stem cells and their roles in neurological diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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25
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Cortical thickness and trait empathy in patients and people at high risk for alcohol use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3521-3533. [PMID: 28971228 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcoholism not only affects individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) but also their biological relatives. This high-risk (HR) group has a higher probability to develop AUD. The aim of our study was to compare cortical thickness (CT) in AUD patients relative to participants with (HR) and without (non-HR) familial predisposition for AUD. We focused on empathy-related brain areas as sociocognitive impairment represents a known risk factor for AUD. METHOD We examined 13 individuals with AUD, 14 HR individuals, and 20 non-HR participants using high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (3 Tesla) to investigate differences in CT. CT was correlated with self-reported empathy in empathy-related areas. RESULTS AUD patients showed decreased CT in the left inferior and superior frontal gyri, the right precuneus and bilaterally in the middle frontal gyri/the insula relative to the HR group, and in the left insula, the right middle frontal gyrus and bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus/the precuneus relative to the non-HR group (all ps < 0.036, all ƞp2 between 0.161 and 0.375). Reduced CT in inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri was related to cognitive (all ps < 0.036) and reduced CT in the inferior frontal gyrus to affective (p = 0.031) empathy. CONCLUSIONS We present preliminary evidence of CT reduction in empathy-associated brain regions in patients with AUD relative to healthy participants with and without familial predisposition for AUD. The results have to be interpreted with caution due to low sample sizes and potential confounding effects of medication, gender, and withdrawal.
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