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Taherian M, Bayati P, Mojtabavi N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38886859 PMCID: PMC11184790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process, that could result in permanent scarring and impairment of the physiological function of the affected organ; this condition which is categorized under the term organ failure could affect various organs in different situations. The involvement of the major organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the world. Fibrotic disorders encompass a broad range of complications and could be traced to various illnesses and impairments; these could range from simple skin scars with beauty issues to severe rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders such as systemic sclerosis as well as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, the overactivation of immune responses during any inflammatory condition causing tissue damage could contribute to the pathogenic fibrotic events accompanying the healing response; for instance, the inflammation resulting from tissue engraftment could cause the formation of fibrotic scars in the grafted tissue, even in cases where the immune system deals with hard to clear infections, fibrotic scars could follow and cause severe adverse effects. A good example of such a complication is post-Covid19 lung fibrosis which could impair the life of the affected individuals with extensive lung involvement. However, effective therapies that halt or slow down the progression of fibrosis are missing in the current clinical settings. Considering the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of distinct stem cell types, their application as an anti-fibrotic agent, capable of attenuating tissue fibrosis has been investigated by many researchers. Although the majority of the studies addressing the anti-fibrotic effects of stem cells indicated their potent capabilities, the underlying mechanisms, and pathways by which these cells could impact fibrotic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we first, review the properties of various stem cell types utilized so far as anti-fibrotic treatments and discuss the challenges and limitations associated with their applications in clinical settings; then, we will summarize the general and organ-specific mechanisms and pathways contributing to tissue fibrosis; finally, we will describe the mechanisms and pathways considered to be employed by distinct stem cell types for exerting anti-fibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Selvarajah B, Platé M, Chambers RC. Pulmonary fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101227. [PMID: 38000335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the concluding pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in a number of common chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. The progressive deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) represents the cornerstone of the fibrotic response and culminates in organ failure and premature death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most rapidly progressive and lethal of all fibrotic diseases with a dismal median survival of 3.5 years from diagnosis. Although the approval of the antifibrotic agents, pirfenidone and nintedanib, for the treatment of IPF signalled a watershed moment for the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics, these agents slow but do not halt disease progression or improve quality of life. There therefore remains a pressing need for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review emerging therapeutic strategies for IPF as well as the pre-clinical and translational approaches that will underpin a greater understanding of the key pathomechanisms involved in order to transform the way we diagnose and treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Oncogenes and Tumour Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (UCL Respiratory), Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (UCL Respiratory), Division of Medicine, University College London, UK.
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3
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Vats A, Chaturvedi P. The Regenerative Power of Stem Cells: Treating Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 37719787 PMCID: PMC10505024 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s419474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease with no known cure, characterized by the formation of scar tissue in the lungs, leading to respiratory failure. Although the exact cause of IPF remains unclear, the condition is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. One of the most widely used animal models to study IPF is the bleomycin-induced lung injury model in mice. In this model, the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin causes pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, which closely mimics the pathological features of human IPF. Numerous recent investigations have explored the functions of various categories of stem cells in the healing process of lung injury induced by bleomycin in mice, documenting the beneficial effects and challenges of this approach. Differentiation of stem cells into various cell types and their ability to modulate tissue microenvironment is an emerging aspect of the regenerative therapies. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of stem cells in repairing bleomycin-induced lung injury. It delves into the mechanisms through which various types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and lung resident stem cells, exert their therapeutic effects in this specific model. We have also discussed the unique set of intermediate markers and signaling factors that can influence the proliferation and differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells both during lung repair and homeostasis. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with translating stem cell therapy to the clinic for IPF patients. The novelty and implications of this review extend beyond the understanding of the potential of stem cells in treating IPF to the broader field of regenerative medicine. We believe that the review paves the way for further advancements in stem cell therapies, offering hope for patients suffering from this debilitating and currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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4
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Chun YY, Tan KS, Yu L, Pang M, Wong MHM, Nakamoto R, Chua WZ, Huee-Ping Wong A, Lew ZZR, Ong HH, Chow VT, Tran T, Yun Wang D, Sham LT. Influence of glycan structure on the colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae on human respiratory epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213584120. [PMID: 36943879 PMCID: PMC10068763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213584120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all living cells are encased in glycans. They perform key cellular functions such as immunomodulation and cell-cell recognition. Yet, how their composition and configuration affect their functions remains enigmatic. Here, we constructed isogenic capsule-switch mutants harboring 84 types of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. This collection enables us to systematically measure the affinity of structurally related CPSs to primary human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Contrary to the paradigm, the surface charge does not appreciably affect epithelial cell binding. Factors that affect adhesion to respiratory cells include the number of rhamnose residues and the presence of human-like glycomotifs in CPS. Besides, pneumococcal colonization stimulated the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) in nasal epithelial cells, which also appears to be dependent on the serotype. Together, our results reveal glycomotifs of surface polysaccharides that are likely to be important for colonization and survival in the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Yu Chun
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597
| | - Lisa Yu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- College of Art and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Michelle Pang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Ming Hui Millie Wong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Rei Nakamoto
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Wan-Zhen Chua
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117593
| | - Zhe Zhang Ryan Lew
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Vincent T. Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117593
| | - De Yun Wang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and relentlessly progressive interstitial lung disease in which the accumulation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) induces the destruction of normal alveolar structures, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Patients with advanced PF are unable to perform physical labor and often have concomitant cough and dyspnea, which markedly impair their quality of life. However, there is a paucity of available pharmacological therapies, and to date, lung transplantation remains the only possible treatment for patients suffering from end-stage PF; moreover, the complexity of transplantation surgery and the paucity of donors greatly restrict the application of this treatment. Therefore, there is a pressing need for alternative therapeutic strategies for this complex disease. Due to their capacity for pluripotency and paracrine actions, stem cells are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of interstitial lung disease, and an extensive body of literature supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in lung fibrosis. Although stem cell transplantation may play an important role in the treatment of PF, some key issues, such as safety and therapeutic efficacy, remain to be resolved. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies on the stem cell-mediated regeneration of fibrotic lungs and present an analysis of concerning issues related to stem cell therapy to guide therapeutic development for this complex disease.
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Kotasová H, Capandová M, Pelková V, Dumková J, Koledová Z, Remšík J, Souček K, Garlíková Z, Sedláková V, Rabata A, Vaňhara P, Moráň L, Pečinka L, Porokh V, Kučírek M, Streit L, Havel J, Hampl A. Expandable Lung Epithelium Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1033-1050. [PMID: 35670910 PMCID: PMC9478014 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progenitors to lung airway epithelium that are capable of long-term propagation may represent an attractive source of cells for cell-based therapies, disease modeling, toxicity testing, and others. Principally, there are two main options for obtaining lung epithelial progenitors: (i) direct isolation of endogenous progenitors from human lungs and (ii) in vitro differentiation from some other cell type. The prime candidates for the second approach are pluripotent stem cells, which may provide autologous and/or allogeneic cell resource in clinically relevant quality and quantity. METHODS By exploiting the differentiation potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), here we derived expandable lung epithelium (ELEP) and established culture conditions for their long-term propagation (more than 6 months) in a monolayer culture without a need of 3D culture conditions and/or cell sorting steps, which minimizes potential variability of the outcome. RESULTS These hESC-derived ELEP express NK2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), a marker of early lung epithelial lineage, display properties of cells in early stages of surfactant production and are able to differentiate to cells exhibitting molecular and morphological characteristics of both respiratory epithelium of airway and alveolar regions. CONCLUSION Expandable lung epithelium thus offer a stable, convenient, easily scalable and high-yielding cell source for applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kotasová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Capandová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pelková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Remšík
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Current Address: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Karel Souček
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Garlíková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Sedláková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anas Rabata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Moráň
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pečinka
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Porokh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kučírek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Streit
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kim MN, Hong JY, Kim EG, Lee JW, Lee SY, Kim KW, Shim HS, Lee CG, Elias JA, Lee YJ, Sohn MH. A Novel Regulatory Role of ALCAM in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:415-427. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0581oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Pediatrics, Seodaemun-gu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung Yeon Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Seodaemun-gu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun Gyul Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Seodaemun-gu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Soo Yeon Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Brown University, 6752, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Brown University, Medicine and Biologic Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Yong Ju Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Pediatrics, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do , Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, 37991, Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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9
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Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways-Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122115. [PMID: 34959396 PMCID: PMC8707984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In our review, we want to summarize the current status of the development of airway models and their application in biomedical research. We start with the very well characterized models composed of cell lines and end with the use of organoids. An important aspect is the function of the mucus as a component of the barrier, especially for infection research. Finally, we will explain the need for a nondestructive characterization of the barrier models using TEER measurements and live cell imaging. Here, organ-on-a-chip technology offers a great opportunity for the culture of complex airway models.
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10
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Han J, Li G, Hou M, Ng J, Kwon MY, Xiong K, Liang X, Taglauer E, Shi Y, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, El-Chemaly S, Lederer JA, Rosas IO, Perrella MA, Liu X. Intratracheal transplantation of trophoblast stem cells attenuates acute lung injury in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:487. [PMID: 34461993 PMCID: PMC8404310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung disorder that affects millions of people every year. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and death of the alveolar epithelial cells are key factors to trigger a pathological cascade. Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are immune privileged, and demonstrate the capability of self-renewal and multipotency with differentiation into three germ layers. We hypothesized that intratracheal transplantation of TSCs may alleviate ALI. Methods ALI was induced by intratracheal delivery of bleomycin (BLM) in mice. After exposure to BLM, pre-labeled TSCs or fibroblasts (FBs) were intratracheally administered into the lungs. Analyses of the lungs were performed for inflammatory infiltrates, cell apoptosis, and engraftment of TSCs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines of lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also assessed. Results The lungs displayed a reduction in cellularity, with decreased CD45+ cells, and less thickening of the alveolar walls in ALI mice that received TSCs compared with ALI mice receiving PBS or FBs. TSCs decreased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of interleukin (IL) 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in the injured lungs. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF, particularly IL-6, were decreased in ALI mice receiving TSCs, compared to ALI mice that received PBS or FBs. TSCs also significantly reduced BLM-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplanted TSCs integrated into the alveolar walls and expressed aquaporin 5 and prosurfactant protein C, markers for alveolar epithelial type I and II cells, respectively. Conclusion Intratracheal transplantation of TSCs into the lungs of mice after acute exposure to BLM reduced pulmonary inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, TSCs engrafted into the alveolar walls to form alveolar epithelial type I and II cells. These data support the use of TSCs for the treatment of ALI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gu Li
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Minmin Hou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kawakita N, Toba H, Miyoshi K, Sakamoto S, Matsumoto D, Takashima M, Aoyama M, Inoue S, Morimoto M, Nishino T, Takizawa H, Tangoku A. Bronchioalveolar stem cells derived from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells promote airway epithelium regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 33008488 PMCID: PMC7531137 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) located at the bronchioalveolar-duct junction (BADJ) are stem cells residing in alveoli and terminal bronchioles that can self-renew and differentiate into alveolar type (AT)-1 cells, AT-2 cells, club cells, and ciliated cells. Following terminal-bronchiole injury, BASCs increase in number and promote repair. However, whether BASCs can be differentiated from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains unreported, and the therapeutic potential of such cells is unclear. We therefore sought to differentiate BASCs from iPSCs and examine their potential for use in the treatment of epithelial injury in terminal bronchioles. Methods BASCs were induced using a modified protocol for differentiating mouse iPSCs into AT-2 cells. Differentiated iPSCs were intratracheally transplanted into naphthalene-treated mice. The engraftment of BASCs into the BADJ and their subsequent ability to promote repair of injury to the airway epithelium were evaluated. Results Flow cytometric analysis revealed that BASCs represented ~ 7% of the cells obtained. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis of these iPSC-derived BASCs via transmission electron microscopy showed that the cells containing secretory granules harboured microvilli, as well as small and immature lamellar body-like structures. When the differentiated iPSCs were intratracheally transplanted in naphthalene-induced airway epithelium injury, transplanted BASCs were found to be engrafted in the BADJ epithelium and alveolar spaces for 14 days after transplantation and to maintain the BASC phenotype. Notably, repair of the terminal-bronchiole epithelium was markedly promoted after transplantation of the differentiated iPSCs. Conclusions Mouse iPSCs could be differentiated in vitro into cells that display a similar phenotype to BASCs. Given that the differentiated iPSCs promoted epithelial repair in the mouse model of naphthalene-induced airway epithelium injury, this method may serve as a basis for the development of treatments for terminal-bronchiole/alveolar-region disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kawakita
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toba
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mika Takashima
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mariko Aoyama
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Seiya Inoue
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masami Morimoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takizawa
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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12
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Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155219. [PMID: 32718005 PMCID: PMC7432606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic autosomal recessive disease caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). Cystic Fibrosis affects multiple organs but progressive remodeling of the airways, mucus accumulation, and chronic inflammation in the lung, result in lung disease as the major cause of morbidity and mortality. While advances in management of CF symptoms have increased the life expectancy of this devastating disease, and there is tremendous excitement about the potential of new agents targeting the CFTR molecule itself, there is still no curative treatment. With the recent advances in the identification of endogenous airway progenitor cells and in directed differentiation of pluripotent cell sources, cell-based therapeutic approaches for CF have become a plausible treatment method with the potential to ultimately cure the disease. In this review, we highlight the current state of cell therapy in the CF field focusing on the relevant autologous and allogeneic cell populations under investigation and the challenges associated with their use. In addition, we present advances in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell approaches and emerging new genetic engineering methods, which have the capacity to overcome the current limitations hindering cell therapy approaches.
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13
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Alvarez-Palomo B, Sanchez-Lopez LI, Moodley Y, Edel MJ, Serrano-Mollar A. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung alveolar epithelial type II cells reduce damage in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32493487 PMCID: PMC7268474 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and severe disease with a limited response to currently available therapies. Epithelial cell injury and failure of appropriate healing or regeneration are central to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intratracheal transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can stop and reverse the fibrotic process in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells and characterized. Lung fibrosis was induced in rats by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Animals were transplanted with human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells at a dose of 3 × 106 cells/animal 15 days after endotracheal bleomycin instillation when the animal lungs were already fibrotic. Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the induction of lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was assessed by hydroxiprolin content, histologic studies, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin. Results Cell transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can significantly reduce pulmonary fibrosis and improve lung alveolar structure, once fibrosis has already formed. This is associated with the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin in the damaged rat lung tissue. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first data to demonstrate that at the fibrotic stage of the disease, intratracheal transplantation of human induced pluripotent differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells halts and reverses fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Edel
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine for neonatal lung diseases. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:291-297. [PMID: 28922348 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases remain one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Cell therapy and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize the management of life-threatening and debilitating lung diseases that currently lack effective treatments. Over the past decade, the repair capabilities of stem/progenitor cells have been harnessed to prevent/rescue lung damage in experimental neonatal lung diseases. Mesenchymal stromal cells and amnion epithelial cells exert pleiotropic effects and represent ideal therapeutic cells for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a multifactorial disease. Endothelial progenitor cells are optimally suited to promote lung vascular growth and attenuate pulmonary hypertension in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia or a vascular bronchopulmonary dysplasia phenotype. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are one of the most exciting breakthroughs of the past decade. Patient-specific iPSCs can be derived from somatic cells and differentiated into any cell type. iPSCs can be capitalized upon to develop personalized regenerative cell products for surfactant protein deficiencies-lethal lung disorders without treatment-that affect a single gene in a single cell type and thus lend themselves to phenotype-specific cell replacement. While the clinical translation has begun, more needs to be learned about the biology of these repair cells to make this translation successful.
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15
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Shafa M, Ionescu LI, Vadivel A, Collins JJP, Xu L, Zhong S, Kang M, de Caen G, Daneshmand M, Shi J, Fu KZ, Qi A, Wang Y, Ellis J, Stanford WL, Thébaud B. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitor and alveolar epithelial cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:108-125. [PMID: 29056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease characterized by disrupted lung growth, is the most common complication in extreme premature infants. BPD leads to persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), a subset of which represent distal lung progenitor cells (LPCs), promote normal lung growth and repair. AEC2 depletion may contribute to persistent lung injury in BPD. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AECs prevent lung damage in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. METHODS Mouse AECs (mAECs), miPSCs/mouse embryonic stem sells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs), human (h)iPSCs, hiPSC-derived LPCs and hiPSC-derived AECs were delivered intratracheally to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Cells were pre-labeled with a red fluorescent dye for in vivo tracking. RESULTS Airway delivery of primary mAECs and undifferentiated murine pluripotent cells prevented hyperoxia-induced impairment in lung function and alveolar growth in neonatal mice. Similar to hUCMSC therapy, undifferentiated hiPSCs also preserved lung function and alveolar growth in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal NOD/SCID mice. Long-term assessment of hiPSC administration revealed local teratoma formation and cellular infiltration in various organs. To develop a clinically relevant cell therapy, we used a highly efficient method to differentiate hiPSCs into a homogenous population of AEC2s. Airway delivery of hiPSC-derived AEC2s and hiPSC-derived LPCs, improved lung function and structure and resulted in long-term engraftment without evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS hiPSC-derived AEC2 therapy appears effective and safe in this model and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic option for BPD and other lung diseases characterized by AEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève de Caen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Qi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with unfavourable prognosis mainly due to the late stage of disease at presentation. High incidence and disease recurrence rates are a fact despite advances in treatment. Ongoing experimental and clinical observations suggest that the malignant phenotype in lung cancer is sustained by lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are putative stem cells situated throughout the airways that have the potential of initiating lung cancer formation. These cells share the common characteristic of increased proliferation and differentiation, long life span and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review summarises the current knowledge on their characteristics and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Hardavella
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rachel George
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tariq Sethi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Kimbrel EA, Lanza R. Current status of pluripotent stem cells: moving the first therapies to the clinic. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:681-92. [PMID: 26391880 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for drug discovery and regenerative medicine owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. After more than three decades of research, including delays due to the potential tumorigenicity of PSCs and inefficiencies in differentiation methods, the field is at a turning point, with a number of clinical trials across the globe now testing PSC-derived products in humans. Ocular diseases dominate these first-in-man trials, and Phase l/ll results are showing promising safety data as well as possible efficacy. In addition, the advent of induced PSC (iPSC) technology is enabling the development of a wide range of cell-based disease models from genetically predisposed patients, thereby facilitating drug discovery. In this Review, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges for the use of PSCs in regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kimbrel
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lanza
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
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19
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Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and diseases. Comprehensive review of the recent literature 2010-2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S45-97. [PMID: 23869446 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-090aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conference, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," was held July 25 to 28, 2011 at the University of Vermont to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, to discuss and debate current controversies, and to identify future research directions and opportunities for basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. The goal of this article, which accompanies the formal conference report, is to provide a comprehensive review of the published literature in lung regenerative medicine from the last conference report through December 2012.
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Zhou Q, Ye X, Sun R, Matsumoto Y, Moriyama M, Asano Y, Ajioka Y, Saijo Y. Differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro for use in vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:675-85. [PMID: 24763685 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent new opportunities in lung tissue engineering and cell therapy. In this study, we modified a two-step protocol for embryonic stem cells that resulted in a yield of ∼9% surfactant protein C (SPC)(+) alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II) cells from mouse iPSCs in a 12-day period. The differentiated iPSCs showed morphological characteristics similar to those of AEC II cells. When differentiated iPSCs were seeded and cultured in a decellularized mouse lung scaffold, the cells reformed an alveolar structure and expressed SPC or T1α protein (markers of AEC II or AEC I cells, respectively). Finally, the differentiated iPSCs were instilled intratracheally into a bleomycin-induced mouse acute lung injury model. The transplanted cells integrated into the lung alveolar structure and expressed SPC and T1α. Significantly reduced lung inflammation and decreased collagen deposition were observed following differentiated iPSC transplantation. In conclusion, we report a simple and rapid protocol for in vitro differentiation of mouse iPSCs into AECs. Differentiated iPSCs show potential for regenerating three-dimensional alveolar lung structure and can be used to abrogate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Xulu Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ruowen Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masato Moriyama
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Asano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Paz AC, Soleas J, Poon JC, Trieu D, Waddell TK, McGuigan AP. Challenges and Opportunities for Tissue-Engineering Polarized Epithelium. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:56-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Soleas
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James C.H. Poon
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis Trieu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison P. McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ghaedi M, Calle EA, Mendez JJ, Gard AL, Balestrini J, Booth A, Bove PF, Gui L, White ES, Niklason LE. Human iPS cell-derived alveolar epithelium repopulates lung extracellular matrix. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4950-62. [PMID: 24135142 DOI: 10.1172/jci68793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been postulated to be the most effective strategy for developing patient-specific respiratory epithelial cells, which may be valuable for lung-related cell therapy and lung tissue engineering. We generated a relatively homogeneous population of alveolar epithelial type II (AETII) and type I (AETI) cells from human iPSCs that had phenotypic properties similar to those of mature human AETII and AETI cells. We used these cells to explore whether lung tissue can be regenerated in vitro. Consistent with an AETII phenotype, we found that up to 97% of cells were positive for surfactant protein C, 95% for mucin-1, 93% for surfactant protein B, and 89% for the epithelial marker CD54. Additionally, exposing induced AETII to a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (IWR-1) changed the iPSC-AETII-like phenotype to a predominantly AETI-like phenotype. We found that of induced AET1 cells, more than 90% were positive for type I markers, T1α, and caveolin-1. Acellular lung matrices were prepared from whole rat or human adult lungs treated with decellularization reagents, followed by seeding these matrices with alveolar cells derived from human iPSCs. Under appropriate culture conditions, these progenitor cells adhered to and proliferated within the 3D lung tissue scaffold and displayed markers of differentiated pulmonary epithelium.
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Ardhanareeswaran K, Mirotsou M. Lung stem and progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 85:89-95. [PMID: 23406722 DOI: 10.1159/000346500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, new insights have been added to the study of stem cells in the adult lung. The exploration of endogenous lung progenitors as well as the study of exogenously delivered stem cell populations holds promise for advancing our understanding of the biology of lung repair mechanisms. Moreover, it opens new possibilities for the use of stem cell therapy for the development of regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of lung disease. Here, we discuss the main types of lung epithelial progenitor populations; the potential of endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells for lung therapy, as well as summarize the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ardhanareeswaran
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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