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Yang Y, Gong Y, Ding Y, Sun S, Bai R, Zhuo S, Zhang Z. LINC01133 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by SPP1 through binding to Arp3. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:492. [PMID: 38987572 PMCID: PMC11237081 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found involved in tumorigenic and progression. The present study revealed that LINC01133, a fewly reported lncRNA, was one of 16 hub genes that could predict PDAC patients' prognosis. LINC01133 was over-expressed in PDAC tumors compared to adjacent pancreas and could promote PDAC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibit PDAC apoptosis. LINC01133 expression positively correlated to secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression, leading to an enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. LINC01133 bound with actin-related protein 3 (Arp3), the complex reduced SPP1 mRNA degradation which increased SPP1 mRNA level, ultimately leading to PDAC proliferation. This research revealed a novel mechanism of PDAC development and provided a potential prognosis indicator that may benefit PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuxi Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shuning Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Rumeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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2
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Tanaka M, Shirakura K, Takayama Y, Μatsui M, Watanabe Y, Yamamoto T, Takahashi J, Tanaka S, Hino N, Doi T, Obana M, Fujio Y, Takayama K, Okada Y. Endothelial ROBO4 suppresses PTGS2/COX-2 expression and inflammatory diseases. Commun Biol 2024; 7:599. [PMID: 38762541 PMCID: PMC11102558 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells can be useful therapeutic targets. One of the potential targets is an endothelial cell-specific protein, Roundabout4 (ROBO4). ROBO4 has been shown to ameliorate multiple diseases in mice, including infectious diseases and sepsis. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, using RNA-seq analysis, we found that ROBO4 downregulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2. Mechanistic analysis reveals that ROBO4 interacts with IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7), a ubiquitin E3 ligase. In this complex, ROBO4 enhances IQGAP1 ubiquitination through TRAF7, inhibits prolonged RAC1 activation, and decreases PTGS2 expression in inflammatory endothelial cells. In addition, Robo4-deficiency in mice exacerbates PTGS2-associated inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, edema, and pain. Thus, we reveal the molecular mechanism by which ROBO4 suppresses the inflammatory response and vascular hyperpermeability, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shirakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Takayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Μatsui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Voutsadakis IA. Molecular alterations in claudin 18 suppressed and non-suppressed gastric adenocarcinomas to guide targeted therapies. Tissue Barriers 2024:2348852. [PMID: 38713052 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2348852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma represents an aggressive type of cancer and an important cause of cancer mortality. Progress in gastric cancer therapeutics has resulted from a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and introduction of targeted therapies, but most gastric cancer patients still rely on non-targeted chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment for advanced disease. METHODS An analysis of publicly available series from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gastric cancer cohort was undertaken to delineate the clinical and genomic landscape of gastric cancers with suppressed expression of claudin 18 compared with cancers with non-suppressed claudin 18. Claudin 18 suppressed cancers were defined as having an mRNA expression z-score relative to normal samples (log RNA Seq V2) of less than -1. Claudin 18 non-suppressed cancers were defined as having an mRNA expression z-score relative to normal samples (log RNA Seq V2) above 0.5. RESULTS Gastric cancers with claudin 18 mRNA suppression represented 7.7% of the gastric adenocarcinomas of TCGA cohort, while non-suppressed cancers represented 46.6% of the cases. The two groups did not differ in clinical and genomic characteristics, such as mean age, histology, grade, and stage. The mutation landscape of claudin 18 suppressed cases included high mutation rates of TP53, of genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and of ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. Moreover, a subset of both claudin 18 suppressed and non-suppressed cancers displayed mutations in Mismatch Repair (MMR) associated genes or a high tumor mutation burden (TMB). At the mRNA expression level, claudin 18 suppressed gastric cancers showed up-regulation of EMT core transcription factor Snail 2 and down-regulation of genes of HLA cluster. The survival of gastric cancer patients with claudin 18 mRNA suppression was not significantly different compared with patients with non-suppressed claudin 18. CONCLUSION Sub-sets of gastric cancers with claudin 18 mRNA suppression displayed characteristics of potential therapeutic interest, such as mutations in WNT and PI3K pathways and MMR defects. These may guide the development of alternative targeted therapies, in this sub-set of gastric cancers which are not candidates for claudin 18 targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Zhi Y, Wang Q, Zi M, Zhang S, Ge J, Liu K, Lu L, Fan C, Yan Q, Shi L, Chen P, Fan S, Liao Q, Guo C, Wang F, Gong Z, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Spatial Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Landscapes of Oral Submucous Fibrosis-Derived Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306515. [PMID: 38229179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In South and Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nuts is prevalent, which leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a well-established precancerous lesion, and a portion of OSF cases eventually progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of OSCC from OSF are poorly understood. In this study, the leading-edge techniques of Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) and Spatial Metabolomics (SM) are integrated to obtain spatial location information of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, as well as the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes in OSF-derived OSCC tissues. This work reveals for the first time that some OSF-derived OSCC cells undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) within the in situ carcinoma (ISC) region, eventually acquiring fibroblast-like phenotypes and participating in collagen deposition. Complex interactions among epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are demonstrated. Most importantly, significant metabolic reprogramming in OSF-derived OSCC, including abnormal polyamine metabolism, potentially playing a pivotal role in promoting tumorigenesis and immune evasion is discovered. The ST and SM data in this study shed new light on deciphering the mechanisms of OSF-derived OSCC. The work also offers invaluable clues for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Moxin Zi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Linsong Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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5
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Demenkov PS, Antropova EA, Adamovskaya AV, Mishchenko EL, Khlebodarova TM, Ivanisenko TV, Ivanisenko NV, Venzel AS, Lavrik IN, Ivanisenko VA. Prioritization of potential pharmacological targets for the development of anti-hepatocarcinoma drugs modulating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway: the reconstruction and analysis of associative gene networks help. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:784-793. [PMID: 38213696 PMCID: PMC10777304 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common severe type of liver cancer characterized by an extremely aggressive course and low survival rates. It is known that disruptions in the regulation of apoptosis activation are some of the key features inherent in most cancer cells, which determines the pharmacological induction of apoptosis as an important strategy for cancer therapy. The computer design of chemical compounds capable of specifically regulating the external signaling pathway of apoptosis induction represents a promising approach for creating new effective ways of therapy for liver cancer and other oncological diseases. However, at present, most of the studies are devoted to pharmacological effects on the internal (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway. In contrast, the external pathway induced via cell death receptors remains out of focus. Aberrant gene methylation, along with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, are important risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The reconstruction of gene networks describing the molecular mechanisms of interaction of aberrantly methylated genes with key participants of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and their regulation by HCV proteins can provide important information when searching for pharmacological targets. In the present study, 13 criteria were proposed for prioritizing potential pharmacological targets for developing anti-hepatocarcinoma drugs modulating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. The criteria are based on indicators of the structural and functional organization of reconstructed gene networks of hepatocarcinoma, the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, and regulatory pathways of virus-extrinsic apoptosis pathway interaction and aberrant gene methylation-extrinsic apoptosis pathway interaction using ANDSystem. The list of the top 100 gene targets ranked according to the prioritization rating was statistically significantly (p-value = 0.0002) enriched for known pharmacological targets approved by the FDA, indicating the correctness of the prioritization method. Among the promising potential pharmacological targets, six highly ranked genes (JUN, IL10, STAT3, MYC, TLR4, and KHDRBS1) are likely to deserve close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Antropova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Adamovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E L Mishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Venzel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I N Lavrik
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Li D, Luo L, Guo L, Wu C, Zhang R, Peng Y, Wu M, Kuang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xie J, Xie W, Mao R, Ma G, Fu X, Chen J, Hutchins AP, Pei D. c-Jun as a one-way valve at the naive to primed interface. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:191. [PMID: 37838693 PMCID: PMC10576270 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Jun is a proto-oncogene functioning as a transcription factor to activate gene expression under many physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in somatic cells. However, its role in early embryonic development remains unknown. RESULTS Here, we show that c-Jun acts as a one-way valve to preserve the primed state and impair reversion to the naïve state. c-Jun is induced during the naive to primed transition, and it works to stabilize the chromatin structure and inhibit the reverse transition. Loss of c-Jun has surprisingly little effect on the naïve to primed transition, and no phenotypic effect on primed cells, however, in primed cells the loss of c-Jun leads to a failure to correctly close naïve-specific enhancers. When the primed cells are induced to reprogram to a naïve state, these enhancers are more rapidly activated when c-Jun is lost or impaired, and the conversion is more efficient. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that c-Jun can function as a chromatin stabilizer in primed EpiSCs, to maintain the epigenetic cell type state and act as a one-way valve for cell fate conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 190 Kaiyuan Dadao, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510799, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Ling Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Chuman Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yuling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 190 Kaiyuan Dadao, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510799, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 190 Kaiyuan Dadao, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510799, China
| | - Junqi Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Wenxiu Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuling Fu
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Yunqi Town, No.18 Longshan Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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7
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Chen C, Liu X, Chang CY, Wang HY, Wang RF. The Interplay between T Cells and Cancer: The Basis of Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051008. [PMID: 37239368 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to cancer treatment. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in impressive and durable clinical responses in the treatment of various cancers. Additionally, immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells has produced robust responses in blood cancers, and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are showing promising results in the treatment of solid cancers. Despite these noteworthy advancements in cancer immunotherapy, numerous challenges remain. Some patient populations are unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and CAR T cell therapy has yet to show efficacy against solid cancers. In this review, we first discuss the significant role that T cells play in the body's defense against cancer. We then delve into the mechanisms behind the current challenges facing immunotherapy, starting with T cell exhaustion due to immune checkpoint upregulation and changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of dysfunctional T cells. We then discuss cancer-cell-intrinsic characteristics, including molecular alterations in cancer cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which collectively facilitate tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and immune evasion. Finally, we examine recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on T-cell-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Che-Yu Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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8
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Merhi M, Ahmad F, Taib N, Inchakalody V, Uddin S, Shablak A, Dermime S. The complex network of transcription factors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and stemness features in colorectal cancer: A recent update. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:1-17. [PMID: 36621515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is regulated by several mechanisms that include co-stimulatory and/or co-inhibitory molecules known as immune checkpoints expressed by the immune cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM-3 and PD-1 are the major co-inhibitory checkpoints involved in tumor development and progression. On the other hand, the deregulation of transcription factors and cancer stem cells activity plays a major role in the development of drug resistance and in the spread of metastatic disease in CRC. In this review, we describe how the modulation of such transcription factors affects the response of CRC to therapies. We also focus on the role of cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis and chemoresistance and discuss both preclinical and clinical approaches for targeting stem cells to prevent their tumorigenic effect. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC and discuss the regulatory effects of transcription factors on the expression of the immune inhibitory checkpoints with specific focus on the PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Shablak
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Al-Thani NM, Schaefer-Ramadan S, Aleksic J, Mohamoud YA, Malek JA. Identifying novel interactions of the colon-cancer related APC protein with Wnt-pathway nuclear transcription factors. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:376. [PMID: 36457029 PMCID: PMC9714242 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is often driven by mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, an essential tumor suppressor gene of the Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway. APC and its cytoplasmic interactions have been well studied. However, various groups have also observed its presence in the nucleus. Identifying novel interactions of APC in the Wnt pathway will provide an opportunity to understand APC's nuclear role better and ultimately identify potential cancer treatment targets. METHODS We used the all-vs-all sequencing (AVA-Seq) method to interrogate the interactome of protein fragments spanning most of the 60 Wnt β-catenin pathway proteins. Using protein fragments identified the interacting regions between the proteins with more resolution than a full-length protein approach. Pull-down assays were used to validate a subset of these interactions. RESULTS 74 known and 703 novel Wnt β-catenin pathway protein-protein interactions were recovered in this study. There were 8 known and 31 novel APC protein-protein interactions. Novel interactions of APC and nuclear transcription factors TCF7, JUN, FOSL1, and SOX17 were particularly interesting and confirmed in validation assays. CONCLUSION Based on our findings of novel interactions between APC and transcription factors and previous evidence of APC localizing to the nucleus, we suggest APC may compete and repress CTNNB1. This would occur through APC binding to the transcription factors (JUN, FOSL1, TCF7) to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway including through enhanced marking of CTNNB1 for degradation in the nucleus by APC binding with SOX17. Additional novel Wnt β-catenin pathway protein-protein interactions from this study could lead researchers to novel drug designs for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra M. Al-Thani
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar ,grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephanie Schaefer-Ramadan
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jovana Aleksic
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin A. Mohamoud
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel A. Malek
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar ,grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Chen PB, Fiaux PC, Zhang K, Li B, Kubo N, Jiang S, Hu R, Rooholfada E, Wu S, Wang M, Wang W, McVicker G, Mischel PS, Ren B. Systematic discovery and functional dissection of enhancers needed for cancer cell fitness and proliferation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111630. [PMID: 36351387 PMCID: PMC9687083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A scarcity of functionally validated enhancers in the human genome presents a significant hurdle to understanding how these cis-regulatory elements contribute to human diseases. We carry out highly multiplexed CRISPR-based perturbation and sequencing to identify enhancers required for cell proliferation and fitness in 10 human cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that the cell fitness enhancers, unlike their target genes, display high cell-type specificity of chromatin features. They typically adopt a modular structure, comprised of activating elements enriched for motifs of oncogenic transcription factors, surrounded by repressive elements enriched for motifs recognized by transcription factors with tumor suppressor functions. We further identify cell fitness enhancers that are selectively accessible in clinical tumor samples, and the levels of chromatin accessibility are associated with patient survival. These results reveal functional enhancers across multiple cancer cell lines, characterize their context-dependent chromatin organization, and yield insights into altered transcription programs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshen B Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Patrick C Fiaux
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Naoki Kubo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emma Rooholfada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sihan Wu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mengchi Wang
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Graham McVicker
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genome Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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12
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Waudby CA, Alvarez-Teijeiro S, Josue Ruiz E, Suppinger S, Pinotsis N, Brown PR, Behrens A, Christodoulou J, Mylona A. An intrinsic temporal order of c-JUN N-terminal phosphorylation regulates its activity by orchestrating co-factor recruitment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6133. [PMID: 36253406 PMCID: PMC9576782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism of cellular signalling. The c-JUN proto-oncoprotein is phosphorylated at four residues within its transactivation domain (TAD) by the JNK family kinases, but the functional significance of c-JUN multisite phosphorylation has remained elusive. Here we show that c-JUN phosphorylation by JNK exhibits defined temporal kinetics, with serine63 and serine73 being phosphorylated more rapidly than threonine91 and threonine93. We identify the positioning of the phosphorylation sites relative to the kinase docking motif, and their primary sequence, as the main factors controlling phosphorylation kinetics. Functional analysis reveals three c-JUN phosphorylation states: unphosphorylated c-JUN recruits the MBD3 repressor, serine63/73 doubly-phosphorylated c-JUN binds to the TCF4 co-activator, whereas the fully phosphorylated form disfavours TCF4 binding attenuating JNK signalling. Thus, c-JUN phosphorylation encodes multiple functional states that drive a complex signalling response from a single JNK input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Waudby
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saul Alvarez-Teijeiro
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Josue Ruiz
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Suppinger
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul R Brown
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College, London, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
- CR-UK Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - John Christodoulou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Anastasia Mylona
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.
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13
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Verma M, Loh NY, Sabaratnam R, Vasan SK, van Dam AD, Todorčević M, Neville MJ, Toledo E, Karpe F, Christodoulides C. TCF7L2 plays a complex role in human adipose progenitor biology, which might contribute to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 133:155240. [PMID: 35697299 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-coding genetic variation at TCF7L2 is the strongest genetic determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in humans. TCF7L2 encodes a transcription factor mediating the nuclear effects of WNT signaling in adipose tissue (AT). In vivo studies in transgenic mice have highlighted important roles for TCF7L2 in adipose tissue biology and systemic metabolism. OBJECTIVE To map the expression of TCF7L2 in human AT, examine its role in human adipose cell biology in vitro, and investigate the effects of the fine-mapped T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 on AT morphology and TCF7L2 expression. METHODS Ex vivo gene expression studies of TCF7L2 in whole and fractionated human AT. In vitro TCF7L2 gain- and/or loss-of-function studies in primary and immortalized human adipose progenitor cells (APCs) and mature adipocytes (mADs). AT phenotyping of rs7903146 T2D-risk variant carriers and matched controls. RESULTS Adipose progenitors (APs) exhibited the highest TCF7L2 mRNA abundance compared to mature adipocytes and adipose-derived endothelial cells. Obesity was associated with reduced TCF7L2 transcript levels in whole subcutaneous abdominal AT but paradoxically increased expression in APs. In functional studies, TCF7L2 knockdown (KD) in abdominal APs led to dose-dependent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, impaired proliferation and dose-dependent effects on adipogenesis. Whilst partial KD enhanced adipocyte differentiation, near-total KD impaired lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. Over-expression of TCF7L2 accelerated adipogenesis. In contrast, TCF7L2-KD in gluteal APs dose-dependently enhanced lipid accumulation. Transcriptome-wide profiling revealed that TCF7L2 might modulate multiple aspects of AP biology including extracellular matrix secretion, immune signaling and apoptosis. The T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 was associated with reduced AP TCF7L2 expression and enhanced AT insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS TCF7L2 plays a complex role in AP biology and has both dose- and depot-dependent effects on adipogenesis. In addition to regulating pancreatic insulin secretion, genetic variation at TCF7L2 might also influence T2D risk by modulating AP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Verma
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Senthil K Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matthew J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Enrique Toledo
- Department of Computational Biology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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14
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Zhang M, Tao Z, Gao L, Chen F, Ye Y, Xu S, Huang W, Li X. Toosendanin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through the Hedgehog pathway by targeting Shh. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1201-1211. [PMID: 35656621 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. This complex and often fatal disease has a high mortality rate. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial in CRC. Many studies have indicated that Shh is overexpressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and shh overexpression is positively correlated with CRC tumorigenesis. New drugs that kill CRC cells through the Hh pathway are needed. Toosendanin (TSN), a natural triterpenoid saponin extracted from the bark or fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc, can inhibit various tumors. Here, we investigated the effects of TSN in CRC and explored the possible targets and mechanisms. Shh-Light Ⅱ cells were treated with TSN and tested by dual luciferase reporter assays to determine the relationship with the Hh pathway. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to test the inhibitory effects of TSN on CRC cells. The expression of Hh components after TSN treatment was detected using western blots and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular thermal shift assays confirmed the targets of TSN. The same effects of TSN on xenograft tumor growth were investigated in vivo. The average weight, volume of the finally resected tumor, and the expression of Shh in the TSN-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. This result strongly suggested that TSN administration inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Our research preliminarily demonstrated that the target of TSN was Shh and that TSN inhibits CRC cell growth by inhibiting the Hh pathway, identifying a new anticancer molecular mechanism of TSN in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongyi Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shifang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenkang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Roos FJM, van Tienderen GS, Wu H, Bordeu I, Vinke D, Albarinos LM, Monfils K, Niesten S, Smits R, Willemse J, Rosmark O, Westergren-Thorsson G, Kunz DJ, de Wit M, French PJ, Vallier L, IJzermans JNM, Bartfai R, Marks H, Simons BD, van Royen ME, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW. Human branching cholangiocyte organoids recapitulate functional bile duct formation. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:776-794.e13. [PMID: 35523140 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cholangiocyte organoids show great promise for regenerative therapies and in vitro modeling of bile duct development and diseases. However, the cystic organoids lack the branching morphology of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs). Here, we report establishing human branching cholangiocyte organoid (BRCO) cultures. BRCOs self-organize into complex tubular structures resembling the IHBD architecture. Single-cell transcriptomics and functional analysis showed high similarity to primary cholangiocytes, and importantly, the branching growth mimics aspects of tubular development and is dependent on JAG1/NOTCH2 signaling. When applied to cholangiocarcinoma tumor organoids, the morphology changes to an in vitro morphology like primary tumors. Moreover, these branching cholangiocarcinoma organoids (BRCCAOs) better match the transcriptomic profile of primary tumors and showed increased chemoresistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin. In conclusion, BRCOs recapitulate a complex process of branching morphogenesis in vitro. This provides an improved model to study tubular formation, bile duct functionality, and associated biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J M Roos
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gilles S van Tienderen
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Bordeu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dina Vinke
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Muñoz Albarinos
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Monfils
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrah Niesten
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorke Willemse
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel J Kunz
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Department of Neurology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Bartfai
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Marks
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Hirano H, Abe Y, Nojima Y, Aoki M, Shoji H, Isoyama J, Honda K, Boku N, Mizuguchi K, Tomonaga T, Adachi J. Temporal dynamics from phosphoproteomics using endoscopic biopsy specimens provides new therapeutic targets in stage IV gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4419. [PMID: 35338158 PMCID: PMC8956597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoproteomic analysis expands our understanding of cancer biology. However, the feasibility of phosphoproteomic analysis using endoscopically collected tumor samples, especially with regards to dynamic changes upon drug treatment, remains unknown in stage IV gastric cancer. Here, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis using paired endoscopic biopsy specimens of pre- and post-treatment tumors (Ts) and non-tumor adjacent tissues (NATs) obtained from 4 HER2-positive gastric cancer patients who received trastuzumab-based treatment and from pre-treatment Ts and NATs of 4 HER2-negative gastric cancer patients. Our analysis identified 14,622 class 1 phosphosites with 12,749 quantified phosphosites and revealed molecular changes by HER2 positivity and treatment. An inhibitory signature of the ErbB signaling was observed in the post-treatment HER2-positive T group compared with the pre-treatment HER2-positive T group. Phosphoproteomic profiles obtained by a case-by-case review using paired pre- and post-treatment HER2-positive T could be utilized to discover predictive or resistant biomarkers. Furthermore, these data nominated therapeutic kinase targets which were exclusively activated in the patient unresponded to the treatment. The present study suggests that a phosphoproteomic analysis of endoscopic biopsy specimens provides information on dynamic molecular changes which can individually characterize biologic features upon drug treatment and identify therapeutic targets in stage IV gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Hirano
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yosui Nojima
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiko Aoki
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Kyoto Innovation Center for Next Generation Clinical Trials and iPS Cell Therapy (Ki-CONNECT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Isoyama
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Honda
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Bioregulation, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan. .,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan. .,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan. .,Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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17
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Brown MA, Ried T. Shifting the Focus of Signaling Abnormalities in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030784. [PMID: 35159051 PMCID: PMC8834070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The major signaling pathways in colon cancer are WNT, RAS, and TGF-β. Components of these pathways are mutated in the majority of colon cancers, resulting in aberrantly high or low activity of the pathway. The functional consequences of the mutations reflect the behavior of these signaling pathways in intestinal stem cells. To better understand the roles of each pathway, we cover the basic function as well as points of intersection between the different pathways, to describe how they function individually, as well as together, to regulate cell proliferation. Abstract Colon cancer tumorigenesis occurs incrementally. The process involves the acquisition of mutations which typically follow an established pattern: activation of WNT signaling, activation of RAS signaling, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling. This arrangement recapitulates, to some degree, the stem cell niche of the intestinal epithelium, which maintains WNT and EGF activity while suppressing TGF-β. The resemblance between the intestinal stem cell environment and colon cancer suggests that the concerted activity of these pathways generates and maintains a potent growth-inducing stimulus. However, each pathway has a myriad of downstream targets, making it difficult to identify which aspects of these pathways are drivers. To address this, we utilize the cell cycle, the ultimate regulator of cell proliferation, as a foundation for cross-pathway integration. We attempt to generate an overview of colon cancer signaling patterns by integrating the major colon cancer signaling pathways in the context of cell replication, specifically, the entrance from G1 into S-phase.
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Babaei-Jadidi R, Kashfi H, Alelwani W, Karimi Bakhtiari A, Kattan SW, Mansouri OA, Mukherjee A, Lobo DN, Nateri AS. Anti-miR-135/SPOCK1 axis antagonizes the influence of metabolism on drug response in intestinal/colon tumour organoids. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35046388 PMCID: PMC8770633 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in rewiring the metabolism within tumours and adjacent non-tumour bearing normal tissue and their potential in cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and metabolic components in murine duodenal polyps and non-polyp-derived organoids (mPOs and mNPOs) from a double-mutant ApcMinFbxw7∆G mouse model of intestinal/colorectal cancer (CRC). We analysed the expression of 373 miRNAs and 12 deregulated metabolic genes in mPOs and mNPOs. Our findings revealed miR-135b might target Spock1. Upregulation of SPOCK1 correlated with advanced stages of CRCs. Knockdown of miR-135b decreased the expression level of SPOCK1, glucose consumption and lactic secretion in CRC patient-derived tumours organoids (CRC tPDOs). Increased SPOCK1 induced by miR-135b overexpression promoted the Warburg effect and consequently antitumour effect of 5-fluorouracil. Thus, combination with miR-135b antisense nucleotides may represent a novel strategy to sensitise CRC to the chemo-reagent based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hossein Kashfi
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashkan Karimi Bakhtiari
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahad W Kattan
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omniah A Mansouri
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhik Mukherjee
- Histopathology, BioDiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Yang X, Liao HY, Zhang HH. Roles of MET in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 525:69-83. [PMID: 34951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene was first identified in osteosarcoma cells exposed to carcinogens. Although expressed in many normal cells, MET is overexpressed in many human cancers. MET is involved in the initiation and development of various human cancers and mediates proliferation, migration and invasion. Accordingly, MET has been successfully used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, survival, post-operative recurrence, risk assessment and pathologic grading, as well as a therapeutic target. In addition, recent work indicates that inhibition of MET expression and function has potential clinical benefit. This review summarizes the role, mechanism, and clinical significance of MET in the formation and development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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20
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Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:77-100. [PMID: 34725790 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provided us with fascinating new knowledge in recent years. Mechanistic insight into intricate regulatory circuitry governing pluripotency stemness and disclosing parallels between pluripotency stemness and cancer instigated numerous studies focusing on roles of pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, Sall4 and Tfcp2L1, in cancer. Although generally well substantiated as tumour-promoting factors, oncogenic roles of pluripotency transcription factors and their clinical impacts are revealing themselves as increasingly complex. In certain tumours, both Oct4 and Sox2 behave as genuine oncogenes, and reporter genes driven by composite regulatory elements jointly recognized by both the factors can identify stem-like cells in a proportion of tumours. On the other hand, cancer stem cells seem to be biologically very heterogeneous both among different tumour types and among and even within individual tumours. Pluripotency transcription factors are certainly implicated in cancer stemness, but do not seem to encompass its entire spectrum. Certain cancer stem cells maintain their stemness by biological mechanisms completely different from pluripotency stemness, sometimes even by engaging signalling pathways that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, while these signalling pathways may well be antithetical to stemness in pluripotent stem cells, they may cooperate with pluripotency factors in cancer stem cells - a paradigmatic example is provided by the MAPK-AP-1 pathway. Unexpectedly, forced expression of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer cells frequently results in loss of their tumour-initiating ability, their phenotypic reversion and partial epigenetic normalization. Besides the very different signalling contexts operating in pluripotent and cancer stem cells, respectively, the pronounced dose dependency of reprogramming pluripotency factors may also contribute to the frequent loss of tumorigenicity observed in induced pluripotent cancer cells. Finally, contradictory cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of various signalling molecules operate during pluripotency (cancer) reprogramming. The effects of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer are thus best explained within the concept of cancer stem cell heterogeneity.
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21
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JNK Signaling in Drosophila Aging and Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179649. [PMID: 34502551 PMCID: PMC8431792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is a critical genetic determinant in the control of longevity. In response to extrinsic and intrinsic stresses, JNK signaling is activated to protect cells from stress damage and promote survival. In Drosophila, global JNK upregulation can delay aging and extend lifespan, whereas tissue/organ-specific manipulation of JNK signaling impacts lifespan in a context-dependent manner. In this review, focusing on several tissues/organs that are highly associated with age-related diseases-including metabolic organs (intestine and fat body), neurons, and muscles-we summarize the distinct effects of tissue/organ-specific JNK signaling on aging and lifespan. We also highlight recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue-specific effects of JNK activity. Together, these studies highlight an important and comprehensive role for JNK signaling in the regulation of longevity in Drosophila.
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Kahn M. Taking the road less traveled - the therapeutic potential of CBP/β-catenin antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:701-719. [PMID: 34633266 PMCID: PMC8745629 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This perspective discusses the challenges of targeting the Wnt signaling cascade, the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists and a rationale for the pleiotropic effects of CBP/β-catenin antagonists beyond Wnt signaling. EXPERT OPINION CBP/β-catenin antagonists can correct lineage infidelity, enhance wound healing, both normal and aberrant (e.g. fibrosis) and force the differentiation and lineage commitment of stem cells and cancer stem cells by regulating enhancer and super-enhancer coactivator occupancy. Small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonists rebalance the equilibrium between CBP/β-catenin versus p300/β-catenin dependent transcription and may be able to treat or prevent many diseases of aging, via maintenance of our somatic stem cell pool, and regulating mitochondrial function and metabolism involved in differentiation and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road Flower Building, Duarte, CA, USA
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23
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Li L, He S, Liu Y, Yorio T, Ellis DZ. Sigma-1R Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Optic Nerve Crush Model for Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:17. [PMID: 34406331 PMCID: PMC8375012 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Sigma-1R (σ-1r) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival following optic nerve crush (ONC) and the signaling mechanism involved in the σ-1r protection. Methods The overall strategy was to induce injury by ONC and mitigate RGC death by increasing σ-1r expression and/or activate σ-1r activity in σ-1r K/O mice and wild type (WT) mice. AAV2-σ-1r vector was used to increase σ-1r expression and σ-1r agonist used to activate the σ-1r and RGCs were counted. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis determined phosphorylated (p)-c-Jun, c-Jun, and Caspase-3. Pattern electroretinography (PERG) determined RGC activity. Results RGC counts and function were similar in pentazocine-treated WT mice when compared to untreated mice and in WT mice when compared with σ-1r K/O mice. Pentazocine-induced effects and the effects of σ-1r K/O were only observable after ONC. ONC resulted in decreased RGC counts and activity in both WT and σ-1r K/O mice, with σ-1r K/O mice experiencing significant decreases compared with WT mice. The σ-1r transgenic expression resulted in increased RGC counts and activity following ONC. In WT mice, treatment with σ-1r agonist pentazocine resulted in increased RGC counts and increased activity when compared with untreated WT mice. There were time-dependent increases in c-jun, p-c-jun, and caspase-3 expression in ONC mice that were mitigated with pentazocine-treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that the apoptotic pathway is involved in RGC losses seen in an ONC model. The σ-1r offers neuroprotection, as activation and/or transgenic expression of σ-1r attenuated the apoptotic pathway and restored RGCs number and function following ONC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Shaoqing He
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Thomas Yorio
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Systems College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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[Affinity chromatography based phosphoproteome research on lung cancer cells and its application]. Se Pu 2021; 39:77-86. [PMID: 34227361 PMCID: PMC9274851 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
磷酸化是蛋白质翻译后修饰的重要形式之一,其异常往往会导致细胞内信号通路的紊乱和疾病的发生。固定化金属离子亲和色谱(IMAC)是磷酸化肽段的高效富集技术,在磷酸化蛋白质组研究方面应用广泛。该研究以金属钛离子(Ti4+)螯合IMAC材料(Ti4+-IMAC)为载体,进行磷酸化肽段富集。比较了10 μm Ti4+-IMAC通过振荡法和固相萃取法(SPE)富集磷酸肽的效果,发现振荡法可以富集到更多的磷酸肽;对比了两种尺寸(10 μm和30 μm)Ti4+-IMAC在磷酸化肽段富集中的差异,发现小尺寸材料富集效果更佳。进一步采用优化的策略比较了不同转移能力肺癌细胞的磷酸化蛋白质组,免标记定量蛋白质组学结果表明,优化的Ti4+-IMAC方法可以从正常的肺成纤维细胞MRC5、低转移肺癌细胞95C和高转移肺癌细胞95D中分别鉴定到510、863和1108种磷酸化蛋白质,其中317种为3组所共有。该研究共鉴定到1268种磷酸化蛋白质上的7560个磷酸化位点,其中1130个为差异磷酸化位点,文献报道显示部分异常表达的激酶与癌症转移密切相关。通过生信对比分析发现,异常表达的磷酸化蛋白质主要与细胞侵袭、迁移和死亡等细胞迁移方面的功能有关。通过优化磷酸化肽富集策略,初步阐明了磷酸化蛋白质网络的异常与肺癌转移之间的相关性,该方法有望用于肺癌进展相关的磷酸化位点、磷酸化蛋白质及其信号通路研究。
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Koch S. Regulation of Wnt Signaling by FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143446. [PMID: 34298659 PMCID: PMC8307807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by a breakdown of cell-to-cell communication, which results in the unrestricted expansion of cells within a tissue. In many cases, tumor growth is maintained by the continuous activation of cell signaling programs that normally drive embryonic development and wound repair. In this review article, I discuss how one of the largest human protein families, namely FOX proteins, controls the activity of the Wnt pathway, a major regulatory signaling cascade in developing organisms and adult stem cells. Evidence suggests that there is considerable crosstalk between FOX proteins and the Wnt pathway, which contributes to cancer initiation and progression. A better understanding of FOX biology may therefore lead to the development of new targeted treatments for many types of cancer. Abstract Aberrant activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of numerous types of cancer. However, in many cases, it is unclear how a chronically high Wnt signaling tone is maintained in the absence of activating pathway mutations. Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that they act in part by fine-tuning the Wnt signaling output in a tissue-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, I review the diverse ways in which FOX transcription factors interact with the Wnt pathway, and how the ectopic reactivation of FOX proteins may affect Wnt signaling activity in various types of cancer. Many FOX transcription factors are partially functionally redundant and exhibit a highly restricted expression pattern, especially in adults. Thus, precision targeting of individual FOX proteins may lead to safe treatment options for Wnt-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koch
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-132-829-69
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Ruiz EJ, Lan L, Diefenbacher ME, Riising EM, Da Costa C, Chakraborty A, Hoeck JD, Spencer-Dene B, Kelly G, David JP, Nye E, Downward J, Behrens A. JunD, not c-Jun, is the AP-1 transcription factor required for Ras-induced lung cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e124985. [PMID: 34236045 PMCID: PMC8410048 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is required for Ras-driven tumorigenesis in many tissues and is considered as a classical proto-oncogene. To determine the requirement for c-Jun in a mouse model of K-RasG12D-induced lung adenocarcinoma, we inducibly deleted c-Jun in the adult lung. Surprisingly, we found that inactivation of c-Jun, or mutation of its JNK phosphorylation sites, actually increased lung tumor burden. Mechanistically, we found that protein levels of the Jun family member JunD were increased in the absence of c-Jun. In c-Jun-deficient cells, JunD phosphorylation was increased, and expression of a dominant-active JNKK2-JNK1 transgene further increased lung tumor formation. Strikingly, deletion of JunD completely abolished Ras-driven lung tumorigenesis. This work identifies JunD, not c-Jun, as the crucial substrate of JNK signaling and oncogene required for Ras-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emma Nye
- Experimental Histopathology, and
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory.,Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, United Kingdom.,Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Herrera SC, Bach EA. The Emerging Roles of JNK Signaling in Drosophila Stem Cell Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115519. [PMID: 34073743 PMCID: PMC8197226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is an evolutionary conserved kinase cascade best known for its roles during stress-induced apoptosis and tumor progression. Recent findings, however, have identified new roles for this pleiotropic pathway in stem cells during regenerative responses and in cellular plasticity. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings about the new roles of JNK signaling in stem cell biology using two well-established Drosophila models: the testis and the intestine. We highlight the pathway’s roles in processes such as proliferation, death, self-renewal and reprogramming, and discuss the known parallels between flies and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador C. Herrera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41018 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Erika A. Bach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (E.A.B.)
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Kim JY, Kim G, Lim SC, Choi HS. IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092174. [PMID: 33946554 PMCID: PMC8124251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis pathway. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of LPIN1 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism regulating LPIN1 expression has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that the IL-33-induced COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway regulates LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression by recruiting c-Jun to the LPIN1 promoter in breast cancer cells. IL-33 dose-dependently and time-dependently increased LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-33 promoted colony formation and mammary tumorigenesis via induction of LPIN1 expression, while inhibition of LPIN1 disturbed IL-33-induced cell proliferation and mammary tumorigenesis. IL-33-driven LPIN1 expression was mediated by the COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibition of COT or JNK1/2 reduced LPIN1 expression. COT-JNK1/2-mediated IL-33 signaling activated c-Jun and promoted its binding to the promoter region of LPIN1 to induce LPIN1 expression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of LPIN1 transcription by the IL-33-induced COT/JNK1/2 pathway for the first time, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of LPIN1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hong-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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29
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IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 33946554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092174.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis pathway. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of LPIN1 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism regulating LPIN1 expression has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that the IL-33-induced COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway regulates LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression by recruiting c-Jun to the LPIN1 promoter in breast cancer cells. IL-33 dose-dependently and time-dependently increased LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-33 promoted colony formation and mammary tumorigenesis via induction of LPIN1 expression, while inhibition of LPIN1 disturbed IL-33-induced cell proliferation and mammary tumorigenesis. IL-33-driven LPIN1 expression was mediated by the COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibition of COT or JNK1/2 reduced LPIN1 expression. COT-JNK1/2-mediated IL-33 signaling activated c-Jun and promoted its binding to the promoter region of LPIN1 to induce LPIN1 expression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of LPIN1 transcription by the IL-33-induced COT/JNK1/2 pathway for the first time, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of LPIN1 in cancer.
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Guo Q, Kim A, Li B, Ransick A, Bugacov H, Chen X, Lindström N, Brown A, Oxburgh L, Ren B, McMahon AP. A β-catenin-driven switch in TCF/LEF transcription factor binding to DNA target sites promotes commitment of mammalian nephron progenitor cells. eLife 2021; 10:64444. [PMID: 33587034 PMCID: PMC7924951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt pathway transcriptional co-activator β-catenin regulates self-renewal and differentiation of mammalian nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). We modulated β-catenin levels in NPC cultures using the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (CHIR) to examine opposing developmental actions of β-catenin. Low CHIR-mediated maintenance and expansion of NPCs are independent of direct engagement of TCF/LEF/β-catenin transcriptional complexes at low CHIR-dependent cell-cycle targets. In contrast, in high CHIR, TCF7/LEF1/β-catenin complexes replaced TCF7L1/TCF7L2 binding on enhancers of differentiation-promoting target genes. Chromosome confirmation studies showed pre-established promoter–enhancer connections to these target genes in NPCs. High CHIR-associated de novo looping was observed in positive transcriptional feedback regulation to the canonical Wnt pathway. Thus, β-catenin’s direct transcriptional role is restricted to the induction of NPCs, where rising β-catenin levels switch inhibitory TCF7L1/TCF7L2 complexes to activating LEF1/TCF7 complexes at primed gene targets poised for rapid initiation of a nephrogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Albert Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bin Li
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, United States
| | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Helena Bugacov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nils Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Aaron Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | | | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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TCF7L2 silencing results in altered gene expression patterns accompanied by local genomic reorganization. Neoplasia 2021; 23:257-269. [PMID: 33422939 PMCID: PMC7809436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for intestinal homeostasis as TCF4, the major Wnt signaling effector in the intestines, is required for stem cell maintenance. The capability of TCF4 to maintain the stem cell phenotype is contingent upon β-catenin, a potent transcriptional activator, which interacts with histone acetyltransferases and chromatin remodeling complexes. We used RNAi to explore the influence of TCF4 on chromatin structure (Hi-C) and gene expression (RNA sequencing) across a 72-hour time series in colon cancer. We found that TCF4 reduction results in a disproportionate up-regulation of gene expression, including a powerful induction of SOX2. Integration of RNA sequencing and Hi-C data revealed a TAD boundary loss, which occurred concomitantly with the over-expression of a cluster of CEACAM genes on chromosome 19. We identified EMT and E2F as the 2 most deregulated pathways upon TCF4 depletion and LUM, TMPO, and AURKA as highly influential genes in these networks using measures of centrality. Results from gene expression, chromatin structure, and centrality analyses were integrated to generate a list of candidate transcription factors crucial for colon cancer cell homeostasis. The top ranked factor was c-JUN, an oncoprotein known to interact with TCF4 and β-catenin, confirming the usefulness of this approach.
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Transcription factors in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 40:1555-1569. [PMID: 33323976 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRC remain largely unclear. Recent studies have revealed crucial roles of transcription factors in CRC development. Transcription factors essential for the regulation of gene expression by interacting with transcription corepressor/enhancer complexes and they orchestrate downstream signal transduction. Deregulation of transcription factors is a frequent occurrence in CRC, and the accompanying drastic changes in gene expression profiles play fundamental roles in multistep process of tumorigenesis, from cellular transformation, disease progression to metastatic disease. Herein, we summarized current and emerging key transcription factors that participate in CRC tumorigenesis, and highlighted their oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, we presented critical transcription factors of CRC, emphasized the major molecular mechanisms underlying their effect on signal cascades associated with tumorigenesis, and summarized of their potential as molecular biomarkers for CRC prognosis therapeutic response, as well as drug targets for CRC treatment. A better understanding of transcription factors involved in the development of CRC will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and reveal novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Papavassiliou AG, Musti AM. The Multifaceted Output of c-Jun Biological Activity: Focus at the Junction of CD8 T Cell Activation and Exhaustion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112470. [PMID: 33202877 PMCID: PMC7697663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a major component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), a paradigm for transcriptional response to extracellular signaling, whose components are basic-Leucine Zipper (bZIP) transcription factors of the Jun, Fos, activating transcription factor (ATF), ATF-like (BATF) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) gene families. Extracellular signals regulate c-Jun/AP-1 activity at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of c-Jun expression and transactivity, in turn, establishing the magnitude and the duration of c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Another important level of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation is due to the capability of Jun family members to bind DNA as a heterodimer with every other member of the AP-1 family, and to interact with other classes of transcription factors, thereby acquiring the potential to integrate diverse extrinsic and intrinsic signals into combinatorial regulation of gene expression. Here, we review how these features of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation underlie the multifaceted output of c-Jun biological activity, eliciting quite distinct cellular responses, such as neoplastic transformation, differentiation and apoptosis, in different cell types. In particular, we focus on the current understanding of the role of c-Jun/AP-1 in the response of CD8 T cells to acute infection and cancer. We highlight the transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through which c-Jun/AP-1 participates in the productive immune response of CD8 T cells, and how its downregulation may contribute to the dysfunctional state of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells. Additionally, we discuss recent insights pointing at c-Jun as a suitable target for immunotherapy-based combination approaches to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anna Maria Musti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3337543732
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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Jabeen A, Sharma A, Gupta I, Kheraldine H, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE, Al Farsi HF. Elaeagnus angustifolia Plant Extract Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Induces Apoptosis via HER2 Inactivation and JNK Pathway in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4240. [PMID: 32947764 PMCID: PMC7570883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA) is a medicinal plant used for treating several human diseases in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the outcome of EA extract on HER2-positive breast cancer remains nascent. Thus, we herein investigated the effects of the aqueous EA extract obtained from the flowers of EA on two HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR75-1. Our data revealed that EA extract inhibits cell proliferation and deregulates cell-cycle progression of these two cancer cell lines. EA extract also prevents the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important event for cancer invasion and metastasis; this is accompanied by upregulations of E-cadherin and β-catenin, in addition to downregulations of vimentin and fascin, which are major markers of EMT. Thus, EA extract causes a drastic decrease in cell invasion ability of SKBR3 and ZR75-1 cancer cells. Additionally, we found that EA extract inhibits colony formation of both cell lines in comparison with their matched control. The molecular pathway analysis of HER2 and JNK1/2/3 of EA extract exposed cells revealed that it can block HER2 and JNK1/2/3 activities, which could be the major molecular pathway behind these events. Our findings implicate that EA extract may possess chemo-preventive effects against HER2-positive breast cancer via HER2 inactivation and specifically JNK1/2/3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Jabeen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Anju Sharma
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hadeel Kheraldine
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Halema F. Al Farsi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.J.); (A.S.); (I.G.); (H.K.); (S.V.)
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Brennan A, Leech JT, Kad NM, Mason JM. Selective antagonism of cJun for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:184. [PMID: 32917236 PMCID: PMC7488417 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors modulate a diverse range of cellular signalling pathways into outputs which can be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic. The transcription of relevant genes is controlled by the cellular context, and in particular by the dimeric composition of AP-1. Here, we describe the evidence linking cJun in particular to a range of cancers. This includes correlative studies of protein levels in patient tumour samples and mechanistic understanding of the role of cJun in cancer cell models. This develops an understanding of cJun as a focal point of cancer-altered signalling which has the potential for therapeutic antagonism. Significant work has produced a range of small molecules and peptides which have been summarised here and categorised according to the binding surface they target within the cJun-DNA complex. We highlight the importance of selectively targeting a single AP-1 family member to antagonise known oncogenic function and avoid antagonism of anti-oncogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brennan
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James T Leech
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Neil M Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Martínez-Zamudio RI, Roux PF, de Freitas JANLF, Robinson L, Doré G, Sun B, Belenki D, Milanovic M, Herbig U, Schmitt CA, Gil J, Bischof O. AP-1 imprints a reversible transcriptional programme of senescent cells. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:842-855. [PMID: 32514071 PMCID: PMC7899185 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells affect many physiological and pathophysiological processes. While select genetic and epigenetic elements for senescence induction have been identified, the dynamics, epigenetic mechanisms and regulatory networks defining senescence competence, induction and maintenance remain poorly understood, precluding the deliberate therapeutic targeting of senescence for health benefits. Here, we examined the possibility that the epigenetic state of enhancers determines senescent cell fate. We explored this by generating time-resolved transcriptomes and epigenome profiles during oncogenic RAS-induced senescence and validating central findings in different cell biology and disease models of senescence. Through integrative analysis and functional validation, we reveal links between enhancer chromatin, transcription factor recruitment and senescence competence. We demonstrate that activator protein 1 (AP-1) 'pioneers' the senescence enhancer landscape and defines the organizational principles of the transcription factor network that drives the transcriptional programme of senescent cells. Together, our findings enabled us to manipulate the senescence phenotype with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Iván Martínez-Zamudio
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U993, Paris, France
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pierre-François Roux
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U993, Paris, France
- Johnson & Johnson, Upstream Skin Research, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - Lucas Robinson
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U993, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Doré
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U993, Paris, France
| | - Bin Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitri Belenki
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Charité-University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Charité-University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Berlin, Germany
| | - Utz Herbig
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Charité-University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Bischof
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- INSERM U993, Paris, France.
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Naorem LD, Pathak E, Muthaiyan M, Venkatesan A. Network-based meta-analysis for the identification of potential target for human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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39
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Shen G, Gao Q, Liu F, Zhang Y, Dai M, Zhao T, Cheng M, Xu T, Jin P, Yin W, Huang D, Weng H, Chen W, Ren H, Mu X, Wu X, Hu S. The Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling axis reduces the sensitivity of HER2-positive epithelial ovarian cancer to trastuzumab. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:685-691. [PMID: 32248976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common and lethal gynecological cancers. Novel therapeutic agents have been developed for EOC, but patient survival remains poor. Trastuzumab has been approved for breast and gastric cancers with high expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), but it has not achieved any clinical success in EOC. Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in cancer development, but whether it plays a role in EOC resistance to trastuzumab remains largely unknown. Here, we observed that high expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and TCF7L2, which can form a signaling axis in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, commonly existed in HER2-positive EOC tissue samples and was correlated with a poor patient prognosis. Cell proliferation and migration assays and nude mouse xenograft model experiments demonstrated that the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling axis promoted tumor cell growth and metastasis and reduced tumor sensitivity to trastuzumab. Analysis of downstream Akt signaling suggested that the function of the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling axis was mediated, at least in part, through increasing Akt phosphorylation. Overall, this study reveals a crucial role for the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling axis in EOC resistance to trastuzumab and the potential application of HER2-targeted drugs combined with inhibitors of this signaling axis for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tingjuan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Haiyan Weng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Huirong Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xuanxuan Mu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shilian Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Wan ML, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Deng B, Zhu BS, Cao T, Li YK, Xiao J, Han Q, Wu Q. Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a multifactorial disease and its causal correlations with multiple signaling pathways. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200265. [PMID: 32149326 PMCID: PMC7087324 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among men worldwide. CRC is a multifactor digestive pathology, which is a huge problem faced not only by clinicians but also by researchers. Importantly, a unique feature of CRC is the dysregulation of molecular signaling pathways. To date, a series of reviews have indicated that different signaling pathways are disordered and have potential as therapeutic targets in CRC. Nevertheless, an overview of the function and interaction of multiple signaling pathways in CRC is needed. Therefore, we summarized the pathways, biological functions and important interactions involved in CRC. First, we investigated the involvement of signaling pathways, including Wnt, PI3K/Akt, Hedgehog, ErbB, RHOA, Notch, BMP, Hippo, AMPK, NF-κB, MAPK and JNK. Subsequently, we discussed the biological function of these pathways in pathophysiological aspects of CRC, such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Finally, we summarized important interactions among these pathways in CRC. We believe that the interaction of these pathways could provide new strategies for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-lin Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bi-sheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
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Wang X, Tang S, Qin F, Liu Y, Liang Z, Cai H, Mo L, Xiao D, Guo S, Ouyang Y, Sun B, Lu C, Li X. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics study of LCMT1 overexpression and oxidative stress: overexpression of LCMT1 arrests H 2O 2-induced lose of cells viability. Redox Rep 2020; 24:1-9. [PMID: 30898057 PMCID: PMC6748586 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2019.1595332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine
phosphatase, is also known to be a target of ROS. The methylation of PP2A can be
catalyzed by leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT1), which regulates PP2A
activity and substrate specificity. Methods: In the previous study, we have showed that LCMT1-dependent
PP2Ac methylation arrests H2O2-induced cell oxidative
stress damage. To explore the possible protective mechanism, we performed
iTRAQ-based comparative quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics studies of
H2O2-treated vector control and LCMT1-overexpressing
cells. Results: A total of 4480 non-redundant proteins and 3801 unique
phosphopeptides were identified by this means. By comparing the
H2O2-regulated proteins in LCMT1-overexpressing and
vector control cells, we found that these differences were mainly related to
protein phosphorylation, gene expression, protein maturation, the cytoskeleton
and cell division. Further investigation of LCMT1 overexpression-specific
regulated proteins under H2O2 treatment supported the idea
that LCMT1 overexpression induced ageneral dephosphorylation of proteins and
indicated increased expression of non-erythrocytic hemoglobin, inactivation of
MAPK3 and regulation of proteins related to Rho signal transduction, which were
known to be linked to the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Discussion: These data provide proteomics and phosphoproteomics
insights into the association of LCMT1-dependent PP2Ac methylation and oxidative
stress and indirectly indicate that the methylation of PP2A plays an important
role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Wang
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Tang
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Qin
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Laiming Mo
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Xiao
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Songcao Guo
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Ouyang
- d Laboratory Animal Centre , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Cailing Lu
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyi Li
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Chen Y, Li Q, He T, Chen X. Molecular cloning. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:981-987. [PMID: 31678189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor c-Jun is a member of AP-1 transcription complex that can be induced by various pathogens and plays a broad regulatory role in vertebrate immune response. In this study, the complete c-Jun cDNA of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (Lcc-Jun) was cloned, whose open reading frame (ORF) is 984 bp long and encodes a protein of 327 amino acids (aa). The deduced Lcc-Jun protein contains three highly conserved domains, a transactivation domain (TAD, Met1-His118), a DNA binding domain (DBD, Lys218-Arg243), and a Leucine zipper domain (LZD, Leu271-Leu299), as found in other specie c-Jun. Lcc-Jun was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the higher levels in blood, heart, and head kidney. Its transcripts were not only induced in spleen and head kidney by poly (I: C) or LPS, but also up-regulated in primary head kidney leukocytes (PKL), macrophages (PKM), and granulocytes (PKG), suggesting that Lcc-Jun may be involved in immune responses induced by poly (I: C), a viral mimic, and LPS, a Gram-negative bacterial component. Overexpression of Lcc-Jun in PKL increased the expression of cytokines and transcription factors involved in T helper 1 (Th1: TNF-α, IFN-γ, and T-bet) and Th2 (IL-4/13 A/B, IL-6, and GATA3) cell development and differentiation, suggesting that Lcc-Jun may play a role in regulation of Th1/Th2 cell response. These results therefore led us to suggest that the c-Jun-mediated signaling pathways may have an important immune-modulatory function in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tianliang He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Meijer BJ, Giugliano FP, Baan B, van der Meer JHM, Meisner S, van Roest M, Koelink PJ, de Boer RJ, Jones N, Breitwieser W, van der Wel NN, Wildenberg ME, van den Brink GR, Heijmans J, Muncan V. ATF2 and ATF7 Are Critical Mediators of Intestinal Epithelial Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:23-42. [PMID: 31958521 PMCID: PMC7210476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation factor-1 transcription factor family members activating transcription factors 2 and 7 (ATF2 and ATF7) have highly redundant functions owing to highly homologous DNA binding sites. Their role in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and repair is unknown. Here, we assessed the role of these proteins in these conditions in an intestine-specific mouse model. METHODS We performed in vivo and ex vivo experiments using Villin-CreERT2Atf2fl/flAtf7ko/ko mice. We investigated the effects of intestinal epithelium-specific deletion of the Atf2 DNA binding region in Atf7-/- mice on cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and epithelial barrier function under homeostatic conditions. Subsequently, we exposed mice to 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and 12 Gy whole-body irradiation and assessed the response to epithelial damage. RESULTS Activating phosphorylation of ATF2 and ATF7 was detected mainly in the crypts of the small intestine and the lower crypt region of the colonic epithelium. Under homeostatic conditions, no major phenotypic changes were detectable in the intestine of ATF mutant mice. However, on DSS exposure or whole-body irradiation, the intestinal epithelium showed a clearly impaired regenerative response. Mutant mice developed severe ulceration and inflammation associated with increased epithelial apoptosis on DSS exposure and were less able to regenerate colonic crypts on irradiation. In vitro, organoids derived from double-mutant epithelium had a growth disadvantage compared with wild-type organoids, impaired wound healing capacity in scratch assay, and increased sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS ATF2 and ATF7 are dispensable for epithelial homeostasis, but are required to maintain epithelial regenerative capacity and protect against cell death during intestinal epithelial damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeus J Meijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesca P Giugliano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Baan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan H M van der Meer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Meisner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben J de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nic Jones
- Department of Cell Regulation, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Department of Cell Regulation, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Associate Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Young RM, Ewan KB, Ferrer VP, Allende ML, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Dale TC, Wilson SW. Developmentally regulated Tcf7l2 splice variants mediate transcriptional repressor functions during eye formation. eLife 2019; 8:e51447. [PMID: 31829936 PMCID: PMC6908431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tcf7l2 mediates Wnt/β-Catenin signalling during development and is implicated in cancer and type-2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which Tcf7l2 and Wnt/β-Catenin signalling elicit such a diversity of biological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we study the function of zebrafish tcf7l2alternative splice variants and show that only variants that include exon five or an analogous human tcf7l2 variant can effectively provide compensatory repressor function to restore eye formation in embryos lacking tcf7l1a/tcf7l1b function. Knockdown of exon five specific tcf7l2 variants in tcf7l1a mutants also compromises eye formation, and these variants can effectively repress Wnt pathway activity in reporter assays using Wnt target gene promoters. We show that the repressive activities of exon5-coded variants are likely explained by their interaction with Tle co-repressors. Furthermore, phosphorylated residues in Tcf7l2 coded exon5 facilitate repressor activity. Our studies suggest that developmentally regulated splicing of tcf7l2 can influence the transcriptional output of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth B Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Trevor C Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
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Sundqvist A, Voytyuk O, Hamdi M, Popeijus HE, Bijlsma-van der Burgt C, Janssen J, Martens JW, Moustakas A, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, van Dam H. JNK-Dependent cJun Phosphorylation Mitigates TGFβ- and EGF-Induced Pre-Malignant Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Suppressing AP-1-Mediated Transcriptional Responses. Cells 2019; 8:E1481. [PMID: 31766464 PMCID: PMC6952832 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects in breast cancer. These functions are partly mediated through Smads, intracellular transcriptional effectors of TGFβ. Smads form complexes with other DNA-binding transcription factors to elicit cell-type-dependent responses. Previously, we found that the collagen invasion and migration of pre-malignant breast cancer cells in response to TGFβ and epidermal growth factor (EGF) critically depend on multiple Jun and Fos components of the activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor complex. Here we report that the same process is negatively regulated by Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent cJun phosphorylation. This was demonstrated by analysis of phospho-deficient, phospho-mimicking, and dimer-specific cJun mutants, and experiments employing a mutant version of the phosphatase MKP1 that specifically inhibits JNK. Hyper-phosphorylation of cJun by JNK strongly inhibited its ability to induce several Jun/Fos-regulated genes and to promote migration and invasion. These results show that MEK-AP-1 and JNK-phospho-cJun exhibit distinct pro- and anti-invasive functions, respectively, through differential regulation of Smad- and AP-1-dependent TGFβ target genes. Our findings are of importance for personalized cancer therapy, such as for patients suffering from specific types of breast tumors with activated EGF receptor-Ras or inactivated JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sundqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Oleksandr Voytyuk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Mohamed Hamdi
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Herman E. Popeijus
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Corina Bijlsma-van der Burgt
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Josephine Janssen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
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Chappell GA, Rager JE, Wolf J, Babic M, LeBlanc KJ, Ring CL, Harris MA, Thompson CM. Comparison of Gene Expression Responses in the Small Intestine of Mice Following Exposure to 3 Carcinogens Using the S1500+ Gene Set Informs a Potential Common Adverse Outcome Pathway. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:851-864. [PMID: 31558096 PMCID: PMC6827348 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319873882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis of the small intestine is rare in humans and rodents. Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and the fungicides captan and folpet induce intestinal carcinogenesis in mice. Previously (Toxicol Pathol. 330:48-52), we showed that B6C3F1 mice exposed to carcinogenic concentrations of Cr(VI), captan, or folpet for 28 days exhibited similar histopathological responses including villus enterocyte cytotoxicity and regenerative crypt epithelial hyperplasia. Herein, we analyze transcriptomic responses from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded duodenal sections from the aforementioned study. TempO-Seq technology and the S1500+ gene set were used to analyze transcription responses. Transcriptional responses were similar between all 3 agents; gene-level comparison identified 126/546 (23%) differentially expressed genes altered in the same direction, with a total of 25 upregulated pathways. These changes were related to cellular metabolism, stress, inflammatory/immune cell response, and cell proliferation, including upregulation in hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and activator protein 1 (AP1) signaling pathways, which have also been shown to be related to intestinal injury and angiogenesis/carcinogenesis. The similar molecular-, cellular-, and tissue-level changes induced by these 3 carcinogens can be informative for the development of an adverse outcome pathway for intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, VA, USA
| | - Milos Babic
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
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Zamudio AV, Dall'Agnese A, Henninger JE, Manteiga JC, Afeyan LK, Hannett NM, Coffey EL, Li CH, Oksuz O, Sabari BR, Boija A, Klein IA, Hawken SW, Spille JH, Decker TM, Cisse II, Abraham BJ, Lee TI, Taatjes DJ, Schuijers J, Young RA. Mediator Condensates Localize Signaling Factors to Key Cell Identity Genes. Mol Cell 2019; 76:753-766.e6. [PMID: 31563432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gene expression programs that define the identity of each cell are controlled by master transcription factors (TFs) that bind cell-type-specific enhancers, as well as signaling factors, which bring extracellular stimuli to these enhancers. Recent studies have revealed that master TFs form phase-separated condensates with the Mediator coactivator at super-enhancers. Here, we present evidence that signaling factors for the WNT, TGF-β, and JAK/STAT pathways use their intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) to enter and concentrate in Mediator condensates at super-enhancers. We show that the WNT coactivator β-catenin interacts both with components of condensates and DNA-binding factors to selectively occupy super-enhancer-associated genes. We propose that the cell-type specificity of the response to signaling is mediated in part by the IDRs of the signaling factors, which cause these factors to partition into condensates established by the master TFs and Mediator at genes with prominent roles in cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Zamudio
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - John C Manteiga
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lena K Afeyan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nancy M Hannett
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eliot L Coffey
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles H Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ozgur Oksuz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin R Sabari
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ann Boija
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Isaac A Klein
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susana W Hawken
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jan-Hendrik Spille
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tim-Michael Decker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Ibrahim I Cisse
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tong I Lee
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dylan J Taatjes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Jurian Schuijers
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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García de Herreros A, Duñach M. Intracellular Signals Activated by Canonical Wnt Ligands Independent of GSK3 Inhibition and β-Catenin Stabilization. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101148. [PMID: 31557964 PMCID: PMC6829497 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to non-canonical ligands, canonical Wnts promote the stabilization of β-catenin, which is a prerequisite for formation of the TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional complex and activation of its target genes. This pathway is initiated by binding of Wnt ligands to the Frizzled/LRP5/6 receptor complex, and it increases the half-life of β-catenin by precluding the phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3 and its binding to the βTrCP1 ubiquitin ligase. Other intercellular signals are also activated by Wnt ligands that do not inhibit GSK3 and increase β-catenin protein but that either facilitate β-catenin transcriptional activity or stimulate other transcriptional factors that cooperate with it. In this review, we describe the layers of complexity of these signals and discuss their crosstalk with β-catenin in activation of transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada CSIC, and Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Duñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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49
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Wnt signaling in intestinal inflammation. Differentiation 2019; 108:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Almars A, Chondrou PS, Onyido EK, Almozyan S, Seedhouse C, Babaei-Jadidi R, Nateri AS. Increased FLYWCH1 Expression is Negatively Correlated with Wnt/β-catenin Target Gene Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112739. [PMID: 31167387 PMCID: PMC6600431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal malignancy of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The Wnt pathway and its downstream targets are tightly regulated by β-catenin. We recently discovered a new protein, FLYWCH1, which can directly bind nuclear β-catenin. Herein, we studied the FLYWCH1/β-catenin pathway in AML cells using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, the stemness activity and cell cycle were analysed by the colony-forming unit (CFU) using methylcellulose-based and Propidium iodide/flow cytometry assays. We found that FLYWCH1 mRNA and protein were differentially expressed in the AML cell lines. C-Myc, cyclin D1, and c-Jun expression decreased in the presence of higher FLYWCH1 expression, and vice versa. There appeared to be the loss of FLYWCH1 expression in dividing cells. The sub-G0 phase was prolonged and shortened in the low and high FLYWCH1 expression cell lines, respectively. The G0/G1 arrest correlated with FLYWCH1-expression, and these cell lines also formed colonies, whereas the low FLYWCH1 expression cell lines could not. Thus, FLYWCH1 functions as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Almars
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Panagiota S Chondrou
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Emenike K Onyido
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Sheema Almozyan
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
| | - Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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