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Li L, Li S, Wang W, Zhang J, Sun Y, Deng Q, Zheng T, Lu J, Gao W, Yang M, Wang H, Pan Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Li J, Huo N. Adaptative machine vision with microsecond-level accurate perception beyond human retina. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6261. [PMID: 39048552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual adaptive devices have potential to simplify circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems to adapt and perceive images with varying brightness levels, which is however limited by sluggish adaptation process. Here, the avalanche tuning as feedforward inhibition in bionic two-dimensional (2D) transistor is proposed for fast and high-frequency visual adaptation behavior with microsecond-level accurate perception, the adaptation speed is over 104 times faster than that of human retina and reported bionic sensors. As light intensity changes, the bionic transistor spontaneously switches between avalanche and photoconductive effect, varying responsivity in both magnitude and sign (from 7.6 × 104 to -1 × 103 A/W), thereby achieving ultra-fast scotopic and photopic adaptation process of 108 and 268 μs, respectively. By further combining convolutional neural networks with avalanche-tuned bionic transistor, an adaptative machine vision is achieved with remarkable microsecond-level rapid adaptation capabilities and robust image recognition with over 98% precision in both dim and bright conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Jielian Zhang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Sun
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Qunrui Deng
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Jianting Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component, China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Pan
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Liu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Yani Yang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P.R. China
| | - Nengjie Huo
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P.R. China.
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Pane R, Laib L, Formoso K, Détrait M, Sainte-Marie Y, Bourgailh F, Ruffenach N, Faugeras H, Simon I, Lhuillier E, Lezoualc'h F, Conte C. Macromolecular Complex Including MLL3, Carabin and Calcineurin Regulates Cardiac Remodeling. Circ Res 2024; 134:100-113. [PMID: 38084599 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an intermediate stage in the development of heart failure. The structural and functional processes occurring in cardiac hypertrophy include extensive gene reprogramming, which is dependent on epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling. However, the chromatin remodelers and their regulatory functions involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy are not well characterized. METHODS Protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation assay in primary cardiomyocytes and mouse cardiac samples subjected or not to transverse aortic constriction for 1 week. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments were performed on the chromatin of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We report that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase CaN (calcineurin), its endogenous inhibitory protein carabin, the STK24 (STE20-like protein kinase 3), and the histone monomethyltransferase, MLL3 (mixed lineage leukemia 3) form altogether a macromolecular complex at the chromatin of cardiomyocytes. Under basal conditions, carabin prevents CaN activation while the serine/threonine kinase STK24 maintains MLL3 inactive via phosphorylation. After 1 week of transverse aortic constriction, both carabin and STK24 are released from the CaN-MLL3 complex leading to the activation of CaN, dephosphorylation of MLL3, and in turn, histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation. Selective cardiac MLL3 knockdown mitigates hypertrophy, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA sequencing analysis demonstrates that MLL3 is de novo recruited at the transcriptional start site of genes implicated in cardiomyopathy in stress conditions. We also show that CaN and MLL3 colocalize at chromatin and that CaN activates MLL3 histone methyl transferase activity at distal intergenic regions under hypertrophic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals an unsuspected epigenetic mechanism of CaN that directly regulates MLL3 histone methyl transferase activity to promote cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pane
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Loubna Laib
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Karina Formoso
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Maximin Détrait
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Florence Bourgailh
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Nolan Ruffenach
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Hanamée Faugeras
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Ilias Simon
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
- GeT-Sante, Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome, GenoToul, Toulouse, France (E.L.)
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Caroline Conte
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
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Hornigold K, Baker MJ, Machin PA, Chetwynd SA, Johnsson AK, Pantarelli C, Islam P, Stammers M, Crossland L, Oxley D, Okkenhaug H, Walker S, Walker R, Segonds-Pichon A, Fukui Y, Malliri A, Welch HCE. The Rac-GEF Tiam1 controls integrin-dependent neutrophil responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223653. [PMID: 38077328 PMCID: PMC10703174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPases are required for neutrophil adhesion and migration, and for the neutrophil effector responses that kill pathogens. These Rac-dependent functions are impaired when neutrophils lack the activators of Rac, Rac-GEFs from the Prex, Vav, and Dock families. In this study, we demonstrate that Tiam1 is also expressed in neutrophils, governing focal complexes, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, polarisation, and migration, in a manner depending on the integrin ligand to which the cells adhere. Tiam1 is dispensable for the generation of reactive oxygen species but mediates degranulation and NETs release in adherent neutrophils, as well as the killing of bacteria. In vivo, Tiam1 is required for neutrophil recruitment during aseptic peritonitis and for the clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae during pulmonary infection. However, Tiam1 functions differently to other Rac-GEFs. Instead of promoting neutrophil adhesion to ICAM1 and stimulating β2 integrin activity as could be expected, Tiam1 restricts these processes. In accordance with these paradoxical inhibitory roles, Tiam1 limits the fMLP-stimulated activation of Rac1 and Rac2 in adherent neutrophils, rather than activating Rac as expected. Tiam1 promotes the expression of several regulators of small GTPases and cytoskeletal dynamics, including αPix, Psd4, Rasa3, and Tiam2. It also controls the association of Rasa3, and potentially αPix, Git2, Psd4, and 14-3-3ζ/δ, with Rac. We propose these latter roles of Tiam1 underlie its effects on Rac and β2 integrin activity and on cell responses. Hence, Tiam1 is a novel regulator of Rac-dependent neutrophil responses that functions differently to other known neutrophil Rac-GEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Hornigold
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Baker
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Polly A. Machin
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Priota Islam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Oxley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Walker
- Imaging Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Walker
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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Yue Y, Cai X, Lu C, Sechi LA, Solla P, Li S. Unraveling the prognostic significance and molecular characteristics of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238312. [PMID: 37908350 PMCID: PMC10613680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent subtype of kidney cancer that exhibits a complex tumor microenvironment, which significantly influences tumor progression and immunotherapy response. In recent years, emerging evidence has underscored the involvement of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs), a crucial component of adaptive immunity, and their roles in ccRCC as compared to other tumors. Therefore, the present study endeavors to systematically explore the prognostic and molecular features of TIL-Bs in ccRCC. Methods Initially, xCell algorithm was used to predict TIL-Bs in TCGA-KIRC and other ccRCC transcriptomic datasets. The Log-Rank test and Cox regression were applied to explore the relationship of B-cells with ccRCC survival. Then, we used WGCNA method to identify important modules related to TIL-Bs combining Consensus subcluster and scRNA-seq data analysis. To narrow down the prospective biomarkers, a prognostic signature was proposed. Next, we explored the feature of the signature individual genes and the risk-score. Finally, the potential associations of signature with clinical phenotypes and drugs were investigated. Results Preliminary, we found ccRCC survival was negatively associated with TIL-Bs, which was confirmed by other datasets. Afterwards, ten co-expression modules were identified and a distinct ccRCC cluster was subsequently detected. Moreover, we assessed the transcriptomic alteration of B-cell in ccRCC and a relevant B-cell subtype was also pinpointed. Based on two core modules (brown, red), a 10-gene signature (TNFSF13B, SHARPIN, B3GAT3, IL2RG, TBC1D10C, STAC3, MICB, LAG3, SMIM29, CTLA4) was developed in train set and validated in test sets. These biomarkers were further investigated with regards to their differential expression and correlation with immune characteristics, along with risk-score related mutations and pathways. Lastly, we established a nomogram combined tumor grade and discovered underlying drugs according to their sensitivity response. Discussion In our research, we elucidated the remarkable association between ccRCC and B-cells. Then, we detected several key gene modules, together with close patient subcluster and B-cell subtype,which could be responsible for the TIL-Bs in ccRCC. Moreover, we proposed a 10-gene signature and investigated its molecular features from multiple perspectives. Overall, understanding the roles of TIL-Bs could aid in the immunotherapeutic approaches for ccRCC, which deserve further research to clarify the implications for patient prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Yue
- Department of Urology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Changhao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassarie, Sassari, Italy
| | - Shensuo Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ye J, Yan S, Liu R, Weng L, Jia B, Jia S, Xiong Y, Zhou Y, Leng M, Zhao J, Yang F, Zheng M. CMTM3 deficiency induces cardiac hypertrophy by regulating MAPK/ERK signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:162-169. [PMID: 37229825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's compensatory response stimulated by various pathophysiological factors. However, prolonged cardiac hypertrophy poses a significant risk of progression to heart failure, lethal arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac death. For this reason, it is crucial to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. CMTM is a superfamily of human chemotaxis, which is involved in immune response and tumorigenesis. CMTM3 expressed widely in tissues, including the heart, but its cardiac function remains unclear. This research aims to explore the effect and mechanism of CMTM3 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a Cmtm3 knockout mouse model (Cmtm3-/-) as the loss-of-function approach. CMTM3 deficiency induced cardiac hypertrophy and further exacerbated hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction stimulated by Angiotensin Ⅱ infusion. In Ang Ⅱ-infusion stimulated hypertrophic hearts and phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic neonatal cardiomyocytes, CMTM3 expression significantly increased. However, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of CMTM3 inhibited the hypertrophy of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes induced by PE stimulation. In terms of mechanism, RNA-seq data revealed that Cmtm3 knockout-induced cardiac hypertrophy was related to MAPK/ERK activation. In vitro, CMTM3 overexpression significantly inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 and ERK induced by PE stimulation. CONCLUSIONS CMTM3 deficiency induces cardiac hypertrophy and aggravates hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function stimulated by angiotensin Ⅱ infusion. The expression of CMTM3 increases during cardiac hypertrophy, and the increased CMTM3 can inhibit further hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting MAPK signaling. Thus, CMTM3 plays a negative regulatory effect in the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Saifang Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Ruxia Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, PR China
| | - Lin Weng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bo Jia
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Shi Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yufei Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Minghong Leng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Junhui Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Fenghe Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Fan L, Tang Y, Li J, Huang W. Increased expression of TBC1D10B as a potential prognostic and immunotherapy relevant biomarker in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:335. [PMID: 36611046 PMCID: PMC9825366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The TBC1 domain family member 10B (EPI64B/TBC1D10B), a member of the RabGAP EPI64 subfamily, contains a TBC domain that confers GTPase-activating protein activity. Even though overexpression of TBC1D10B has been reported to promote tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma, the prognostic value of TBC1D10B and its correlation with DNA methylation and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma are still not known. Transcriptional expression profiles of TBC1D10B between hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and normal tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium and the Human Protein Atlas were used to assess the TBC1D10B protein expression. The biological functions of TBC1D10B were evaluated by the Metascape database and by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from adjacent normal tissues. The effect of TBC1D10B on survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. DNA methylation in the TBC1D10B gene was assessed using the online MEXPRESS and MethSurv tools. The association between TBC1D10B mRNA expression and immune cell infiltration was investigated by the TIMER2 web server, tumor immune estimation resource and single-sample GSEA. This study found that TBC1D10B is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and that increased TBC1D10B mRNA expression is associated with female sex, lower Body Mass Index, high level of alpha fetal protein, and worse clinical stages. The mRNA and protein levels of TBC1D10B were verified in cells. Functional annotation indicated enrichment with negative regulation of the cell cycle, extracellular matrix, and corresponding pathways in the high-TBC1D10B phenotype. The ROC curve analysis showed that, with a cutoff level of 2.912, the accuracy, sensitive, and specificity in differentiate TBC1D10B hepatocellular carcinoma from adjacent controls were 0.931, 0.920, and 0.802, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high TBC1D10B had a worse prognosis than those with low TBC1D10B, especially in patients with a weight below 70 kg, height above 170 cm, and histological G2 and G3. We also found that the methylation of TBC1D10B was associated with the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that TBC1D10B mRNA expression was positively correlated with infiltration levels of most immune cells, but negatively correlated with Th17 and cytotoxic cells infiltration. Our study indicates that increased TBC1D10B expression in hepatocellular carcinoma may play a role in tumorigenesis by regulating the cell cycle and extracellular matrix. TBC1D10B may be a novel prognostic and predictive marker and immune therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- grid.477238.dDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
| | - Yongmei Tang
- grid.477238.dDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi, China.
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Gu Y, Lin X, Dong Y, Wood G, Seidah NG, Werstuck G, Major P, Bonert M, Kapoor A, Tang D. PCSK9 facilitates melanoma pathogenesis via a network regulating tumor immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:2. [PMID: 36588164 PMCID: PMC9806914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCSK9 regulates cholesterol homeostasis and promotes tumorigenesis. However, the relevance of these two actions and the mechanisms underlying PCSK9's oncogenic roles in melanoma and other cancers remain unclear. METHODS PCSK9's association with melanoma was analysed using the TCGA dataset. Empty vector (EV), PCSK9, gain-of-function (D374Y), and loss-of-function (Q152H) PCSK9 mutant were stably-expressed in murine melanoma B16 cells and studied for impact on B16 cell-derived oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. Intratumoral accumulation of cholesterol was determined. RNA-seq was performed on individual tumor types. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were derived from the comparisons of B16 PCSK9, B16 D374Y, or B16 Q152H tumors to B16 EV allografts and analysed for pathway alterations. RESULTS PCSK9 expression and its network negatively correlated with the survival probability of patients with melanoma. PCSK9 promoted B16 cell proliferation, migration, and growth in soft agar in vitro, formation of tumors in C57BL/6 mice in vivo, and accumulation of intratumoral cholesterol in a manner reflecting its regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR): Q152H, EV, PCSK9, and D374Y. Tumor-associated T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells were significantly increased in D374Y tumors along with upregulations of multiple immune checkpoints, IFNγ, and 143 genes associated with T cell dysfunction. Overlap of 36 genes between the D374Y DEGs and the PCSK9 DEGs predicted poor prognosis of melanoma and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. CYTH4, DENND1C, AOAH, TBC1D10C, EPSTI1, GIMAP7, and FASL (FAS ligand) were novel predictors of ICB therapy and displayed high level of correlations with multiple immune checkpoints in melanoma and across 30 human cancers. We observed FAS ligand being among the most robust biomarkers of ICB treatment and constructed two novel and effective multigene panels predicting response to ICB therapy. The profiles of allografts produced by B16 EV, PCSK9, D374Y, and Q152H remained comparable in C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-derived PCSK9 plays a critical role in melanoma pathogenesis. PCSK9's oncogenic actions are associated with intratumoral cholesterol accumulation. PCSK9 systemically affects the immune system, contributing to melanoma immune evasion. Novel biomarkers derived from the PCSK9-network effectively predicted ICB therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- grid.511547.30000 0001 2106 1695Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
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8
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Cohen AO, Woo SH, Zhang J, Cho J, Ruiz ME, Gong J, Du R, Yarygina O, Jafri DZ, Bachelor MA, Finlayson MO, Soni RK, Hayden MS, Owens DM. Tbc1d10c is a selective, constitutive suppressor of the CD8 T-cell anti-tumor response. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2141011. [PMID: 36338148 PMCID: PMC9635554 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2141011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy approaches target signaling pathways that are highly synonymous between CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets and, therefore, often stimulate nonspecific lymphocyte activation, resulting in cytotoxicity to otherwise healthy tissue. The goal of our study was to identify intrinsic modulators of basic T lymphocyte activation pathways that could discriminately bolster CD8 anti-tumor effector responses. Using a Tbc1d10c null mouse, we observed marked resistance to a range of tumor types conferred by Tbc1d10c deficiency. Moreover, tumor-bearing Tbc1d10c null mice receiving PD-1 or CTLA-4 monotherapy exhibited a 33% or 90% cure rate, respectively. While Tbc1d10c was not expressed in solid tumor cells, Tbc1d10c disruption selectively augmented CD8 T-cell activation and cytotoxic effector responses and adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells alone was sufficient to recapitulate Tbc1d10c null tumor resistance. Mechanistically, Tbc1d10c suppressed CD8 T-cell activation and anti-tumor function by intersecting canonical NF-κB pathway activation via regulation of Map3k3-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation. Strikingly, none of these cellular or molecular perturbations in the NF-κB pathway were featured in Tbc1d10c null CD4 T cells. Our findings identify a Tbc1d10c-Map3k3-NF-κB signaling axis as a viable therapeutic target to promote CD8 T-cell anti-tumor immunity while circumventing CD4 T cell-associated cytotoxicity and NF-κB activation in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne O. Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Discovery Biology Division, Velia Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Junya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Jiyoon Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Global Safety Assurance, Reckitt Benckiser Inc., Montvale, NJ, USA
| | - Marlon E. Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Olink Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA90045, USA
| | - Jianli Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Processing Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Olga Yarygina
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Danya Z. Jafri
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Michael A. Bachelor
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Boston Scientific, Center for Biological Innovation, Global Preclinical Sciences, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Michael O. Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,Simons Foundation, New York, NY10010, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics & Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Matthew S. Hayden
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - David M. Owens
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY10032, USA,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT David M. Owens Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., Room 312A, New York, NY10032
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9
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Ni X, Wu X, Zhu XX, Li JH, Yin XY, Lu L. Carabin Deficiency Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Promoting Neutrophil Trafficking via Ras and Calcineurin Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773291. [PMID: 35265067 PMCID: PMC8898835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in the initial phase of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (HIRI). Despite many different key molecules that have been reported to meditate neutrophil trafficking in HIRI, the mechanism of this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Carabin deficiency in myeloid cells (LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl) aggravated IRI-induced hepatic injury and apoptosis through increasing the infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. ImmGen Datasets further revealed that Carabin was expressed in bone marrow neutrophils (GM.BM) but was significantly downregulated in thio-induced peripheral neutrophils (GN.Thio.PC), which was consistently verified by comparing GM.BM and liver-infiltrating neutrophils induced by IRI. Mechanistically, up-regulation of Carabin in GM.BM in vitro reduced the expression levels of P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin through inhibiting Ras-ERK and Calcineurin-NFAT signaling. Furthermore, blocking P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin in LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl mice decreased the frequency and number of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils and reversed hepatic ischemia−reperfusion damage. In conclusion, our results provide a new understanding of Carabin, such that it is expressed and functions not only in adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) but also in innate immune cells (neutrophils), contributing to the migration of neutrophils. These findings provide novel and promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of HIRI during liver transplantation or hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Ni
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
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10
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Sabarwal A, Wedel J, Liu K, Zurakowski D, Chakraborty S, Flynn E, Briscoe DM, Balan M, Pal S. A Combination therapy using an mTOR inhibitor and Honokiol effectively induces autophagy through the modulation of AXL and Rubicon in renal cancer cells and restricts renal tumor growth following organ transplantation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:360-370. [PMID: 34965300 PMCID: PMC9118982 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cancer, including renal cancer, is a major problem in immunosuppressed patients. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (RAPA) is used as an immunosuppressive agent in patients with organ transplants and other immunological disorders; and it also has antitumorigenic potential. However, long-term use of RAPA causes reactivation of Akt, and ultimately leads to enhanced tumor growth. Honokiol (HNK) is a natural compound, which possesses both anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel combination therapy using RAPA + HNK on allograft survival and post-transplantation renal tumor growth. We observed that it effectively modulated the expression of some key regulatory molecules (like Carabin, an endogenous Ras inhibitor; and Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy) that play important roles in tumor cell growth and survival. This combination induced toxic autophagy and apoptosis to promote cancer cell death; and was associated with a reduced expression of the tumor-promoting receptor tyrosine kinase AXL. Finally, we utilized a novel murine model to examine the effect of RAPA + HNK on post-transplantation renal tumor growth. The combination treatment prolonged the allograft survival and significantly inhibited post-transplantation tumor growth. It was associated with reduced tumor expression of Rubicon and the cytoprotective/antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 to overcome therapeutic resistance. It also downregulated the coinhibitory programmed death-1 ligand, which plays major role(s) in the immune escape of tumor cells. Together, this combination treatment has a great potential to restrict renal tumor growth in transplant recipients as well as other immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Sabarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Wedel
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evelyn Flynn
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M Briscoe
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Murugabaskar Balan
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: +1 617 919 2989; Fax: +1 617 730 0365;
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11
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Sun S, Liu Z, Jiang Q, Zou Y. Embryonic expression patterns of TBC1D10 subfamily genes in zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 43:119226. [PMID: 34843939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TBC1D10 subfamily has three members TBC1D10A-C, with the physiological and pathological functions such as melanosome transport, exosome secretion, and T-cell activation. However, the gene expression patterns and functions of this subfamily during embryonic development remain mysterious. In this study, we took advantage of zebrafish model to elucidate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of TBC1D10 subfamily genes including tbc1d10aa, tbc1d10ab, tbc1d10b, and tbc1d10c. Whole-mount in situ hybridization results showed robust tbc1d10aa expression and faint tbc1d10b expression as maternal transcripts except tbc1d10ab and tbc1d10c. In addition to pectoral fins, otic vesicles, and pharyngeal arch tissues, varying degrees of expression of all four subfamily members were observed in brain tissues and eyes (retinal inner nuclear layer). Besides, tbc1d10ab exhibited unique and enriched expression in the developing liver. Despite genetic conservativeness, all four members of zebrafish TBC1D10 subfamily shared several similarities and exhibited some distinctions in the expression patterns, indicating that they might have different and exclusive functions to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Sun
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, PR China
| | - Ziyin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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12
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Chaklader M, Rothermel BA. Calcineurin in the heart: New horizons for an old friend. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110134. [PMID: 34454008 PMCID: PMC8908812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin, also known as PP2B or PPP3, is a member of the PPP family of protein phosphatases that also includes PP1 and PP2A. Together these three phosphatases carryout the majority of dephosphorylation events in the heart. Calcineurin is distinct in that it is activated by the binding of calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) and therefore acts as a node for integrating Ca2+ signals with changes in phosphorylation, two fundamental intracellular signaling cascades. In the heart, calcineurin is primarily thought of in the context of pathological cardiac remodeling, acting through the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (NFAT) family of transcription factors. However, calcineurin activity is also essential for normal heart development and homeostasis in the adult heart. Furthermore, it is clear that NFAT-driven changes in transcription are not the only relevant processes initiated by calcineurin in the setting of pathological remodeling. There is a growing appreciation for the diversity of calcineurin substrates that can impact cardiac function as well as the diversity of mechanisms for targeting calcineurin to specific sub-cellular domains in cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cell types. Here, we will review the basics of calcineurin structure, regulation, and function in the context of cardiac biology. Particular attention will be given to: the development of improved tools to identify and validate new calcineurin substrates; recent studies identifying new calcineurin isoforms with unique properties and targeting mechanisms; and the role of calcineurin in cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Chaklader
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Villagomez FR, Diaz-Valencia JD, Ovalle-García E, Antillón A, Ortega-Blake I, Romero-Ramírez H, Cerna-Cortes JF, Rosales-Reyes R, Santos-Argumedo L, Patiño-López G. TBC1D10C is a cytoskeletal functional linker that modulates cell spreading and phagocytosis in macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20946. [PMID: 34686741 PMCID: PMC8536695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spreading and phagocytosis are notably regulated by small GTPases and GAP proteins. TBC1D10C is a dual inhibitory protein with GAP activity. In immune cells, TBC1D10C is one of the elements regulating lymphocyte activation. However, its specific role in macrophages remains unknown. Here, we show that TBC1D10C engages in functions dependent on the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane reorganization. Using ex vivo and in vitro assays, we found that elimination and overexpression of TBC1D10C modified the cytoskeletal architecture of macrophages by decreasing and increasing the spreading ability of these cells, respectively. In addition, TBC1D10C overexpression contributed to higher phagocytic activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia and to increased cell membrane tension. Furthermore, by performing in vitro and in silico analyses, we identified 27 TBC1D10C-interacting proteins, some of which were functionally classified as protein complexes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. Interestingly, we identified one unreported TBC1D10C-intrinsically disordered region (IDR) with biological potential at the cytoskeleton level. Our results demonstrate that TBC1D10C shapes macrophage activity by inducing reorganization of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane in cell spreading and phagocytosis. We anticipate our results will be the basis for further studies focused on TBC1D10C. For example, the specific molecular mechanism in Burkholderia cenocepacia phagocytosis and functional analysis of TBC1D10C-IDR are needed to further understand its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan D Diaz-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erasmo Ovalle-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Armando Antillón
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - Jorge F Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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14
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Wang S, Qian H, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhuang D, Zhang Q, Bai F, Wang Z, Yan Y, Guo J, Huang J, Wu X. Inhibition of Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Blocks Oncogenic H-Ras Induced Autophagy in Primary Human Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720111. [PMID: 34350189 PMCID: PMC8328491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of H-Ras, a member of the RAS family, are preferentially found in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). H-Ras has been reported to induce autophagy, which plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis in multiple types of cancer cells and in fibroblasts, however, the potential role of H-Ras in regulating autophagy in human keratinocytes has not been reported. In this study, we found that the stable expression of the G12V mutant of H-RAS (H-Ras G12V ) induced autophagy in human keratinocytes, and interestingly, the induction of autophagy was strongly blocked by inhibiting the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway with either a calcineurin inhibitor (Cyclosporin A) or a NFAT inhibitor (VIVIT), or by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated knockdown of calcineurin B1 or NFATc1 in vitro, as well as in vivo. To characterize the role of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in H-Ras induced autophagy, we found that H-Ras G12V promoted the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, an indication of the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, in human keratinocytes. However, activation of NFATc1 either by the forced expression of NFATc1 or by treatment with phenformin, an AMPK activator, did not increase the formation of autophagy in human keratinocytes. Further study revealed that inhibiting the calcineurin/NFAT pathway actually suppressed H-Ras expression in H-Ras G12V overexpressing cells. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that NFATc1 potentially binds the promoter region of H-Ras and the binding efficiency was significantly enhanced by the overexpression of H-Ras G12V , which was abolished by treatment with the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) or VIVIT. Taking these data together, the present study demonstrates that the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway controls H-Ras expression and interacts with the H-Ras pathway, involving the regulation of H-Ras induced autophagy in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonggan Yan
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Cheng S, Li Z, Zhang W, Sun Z, Fan Z, Luo J, Liu H. Identification of IL10RA by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis and in vitro Validation of Its Association With Prognosis of Metastatic Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:630790. [PMID: 33490091 PMCID: PMC7820192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.630790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the major cause of death for skin cancer patients, its high metastasis often leads to poor prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic melanoma remain to be elucidated. In this study we aim to identify and validate prognostic biomarkers associated with metastatic melanoma. We first construct a co-expression network using large-scale public gene expression profiles from GEO, from which candidate genes are screened out using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of eight modules are established via the average linkage hierarchical clustering, and 111 hub genes are identified from the clinically significant modules. Next, two other datasets from GEO and TCGA are used for further screening of biomarker genes related to prognosis of metastatic melanoma, and identified 11 key genes via survival analysis. We find that IL10RA has the highest correlation with clinically important modules among all identified biomarker genes. Further in vitro biochemical experiments, including CCK8 assays, wound-healing assays and transwell assays, have verified that IL10RA can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis shows that PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is significantly enriched in metastatic melanoma with highly expressed IL10RA, indicating that IL10RA mediates in metastatic melanoma via PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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16
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Ali M, McAuley MM, Lüchow S, Knapp S, Joerger AC, Ivarsson Y. Integrated analysis of Shank1 PDZ interactions with C-terminal and internal binding motifs. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:41-50. [PMID: 34235485 PMCID: PMC8244488 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ domains constitute a large family of modular domains that are well-known for binding C-terminal motifs of target proteins. Some of them also bind to internal PDZ binding motifs (PDZbms), but this aspect of the PDZ interactome is poorly studied. Here we explored internal PDZbm-mediated interactions using the PDZ domain of Shank1 as a model. We identified a series of human Shank1 ligands with C-terminal or internal PDZbms using proteomic peptide-phage display, and established that while the consensus sequence of C-terminal ligands is x-T-x-(L/F)-COOH, the consensus of internal PDZbm is exclusively x-T-x-F-x, where x is any amino acid. We found that the affinities of PDZbm interactions are in the low micromolar range. The crystal structure of the complex between Shank1 PDZ and an internal PDZbm revealed that the binding mode of internal PDZbms was similar to that of C-terminal ligands. Pull-down experiments confirmed that both C-terminal and internal PDZbm interactions can occur in the context of full-length proteins. Our study expands the interactome of Shank1 and hints at a largely unexplored interaction space of PDZ domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mishal Mariam McAuley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Lüchow
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Joerger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Song Y, Pan Y, Liu J. The relevance between the immune response-related gene module and clinical traits in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7455-7472. [PMID: 31496804 PMCID: PMC6689548 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s201177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer in the world, accounting for more than 90% of head and neck malignant tumors. However, its molecular mechanism is largely unknown. To help elucidate the potential mechanism of HNSCC tumorigenesis, we investigated the gene interaction patterns associated with tumorigenesis. Methods Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) can help us to predict the intrinsic relationship or correlation between gene expression. Additionally, we further explored the combination of clinical information and module construction. Results Sixteen modules were constructed, among which the key module most closely associated with clinical information was identified. By analyzing the genes in this module, we found that the latter may be related to the immune response, inflammatory response and formation of the tumor microenvironment. Sixteen hub genes were identified-ARHGAP9, SASH3, CORO1A, ITGAL, PPP1R16B, TBC1D10C, IL10RA, ITK, AKNA, PRKCB, TRAF3IP3, GIMAP4, CCR7, P2RY8, GIMAP7, and SP140. We further validated these genes at the transcriptional and translation levels. Conclusion The innovative use of a weighted network to analyze HNSCC samples provides new insights into the molecular mechanism and prognosis of HNSCC. Additionally, the hub genes we identified can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HNSCC, laying the foundation for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC in clinical and research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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18
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Shin SY, Kim MW, Cho KH, Nguyen LK. Coupled feedback regulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) modulates activation-induced cell death of T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10637. [PMID: 31337782 PMCID: PMC6650396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A properly functioning immune system is vital for an organism’s wellbeing. Immune tolerance is a critical feature of the immune system that allows immune cells to mount effective responses against exogenous pathogens such as viruses and bacteria, while preventing attack to self-tissues. Activation-induced cell death (AICD) in T lymphocytes, in which repeated stimulations of the T-cell receptor (TCR) lead to activation and then apoptosis of T cells, is a major mechanism for T cell homeostasis and helps maintain peripheral immune tolerance. Defects in AICD can lead to development of autoimmune diseases. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms that underlie AICD remain poorly understood, particularly at an integrative network level. Here, we develop a dynamic multi-pathway model of the integrated TCR signalling network and perform model-based analysis to characterize the network-level properties of AICD. Model simulation and analysis show that amplified activation of the transcriptional factor NFAT in response to repeated TCR stimulations, a phenomenon central to AICD, is tightly modulated by a coupled positive-negative feedback mechanism. NFAT amplification is predominantly enabled by a positive feedback self-regulated by NFAT, while opposed by a NFAT-induced negative feedback via Carabin. Furthermore, model analysis predicts an optimal therapeutic window for drugs that help minimize proliferation while maximize AICD of T cells. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive mathematical model of TCR signalling and model-based analysis offers new network-level insights into the regulation of activation-induced cell death in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Min-Wook Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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19
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Ye J, Zheng Q, Jia S, Qiao X, Cao Y, Xu C, Weng L, Zhao L, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang T, Cheng H, Zheng M. Programmed Cell Death 5 Provides Negative Feedback on Cardiac Hypertrophy Through the Stabilization of Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase 2a Protein. Hypertension 2019; 72:889-901. [PMID: 30354711 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PDCD5 (programmed cell death 5) is ubiquitously expressed in tissues, including the heart; however, the mechanism underlying the cardiac function of PDCD5 has not been understood. We investigated the mechanisms of PDCD5 in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific PDCD5 knockout mice developed severe cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function, whereas PDCD5 protein was significantly increased in transverse aortic constriction mouse hearts and phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of PDCD5 inhibited phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and knockdown of PDCD5 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and aggravated phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy. The expression of PDCD5 protein was regulated by NFATc2 (nuclear factor of activated T cells c2) during hypertrophy. SERCA2a (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a) expression was decreased in PDCD5-deficient mouse hearts because of increased ubiquitination. PDCD5-deficient cardiomyocytes displayed decreased calcium uptake rate, slowed decay of Ca2+ transients, decreased calcium stores, and diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, reintroduction of PDCD5 in PDCD5-deficient mouse hearts reserved SERCA2a protein, suppressed NFATc2 protein, and rescued the hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Our results revealed that PDCD5 is a novel target of NFATc2 in the hypertrophic heart and provides negative feedback to protect the heart against excessive hypertrophy via the stabilization of SERCA2a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China (Q.Z., H.C.)
| | - Shi Jia
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yangpo Cao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Weng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Y.C.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Departments of Cardiology (J.L.), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Trauma and Orthopedics (T.W.), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China (Q.Z., H.C.)
| | - Ming Zheng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (J.Y., S.J., X.Q., Y.C., C.X., L.W., L.Z., M.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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20
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Villagomez FR, Medina-Contreras O, Cerna-Cortes JF, Patino-Lopez G. The role of the oncogenic Rab35 in cancer invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion, especially in leukemia. Small GTPases 2018; 11:334-345. [PMID: 29781368 PMCID: PMC7549652 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer has allowed researchers to describe some biological characteristics that tumor cells acquire during their development, known as the “hallmarks of cancer” but more research is needed to expand our knowledge about cancer biology and to generate new strategies of treatment. The role that RabGTPases might play in some hallmarks of cancer represents interesting areas of study since these proteins are frequently altered in cancer. However, their participation is not well known. Recently, Rab35was recognized as an oncogenic RabGTPase and and because of its association with different cellular functions, distinctly important in immune cells, a possible role of Rab35 in leukemia can be suggested. Nevertheless, the involvement of Rab35 in cancer remains poorly understood and its possible specific role in leukemia remains unknown. In this review, we analyze general aspects of the participation of RabGTPases in cancer, and especially, the plausible role of Rab35 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
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21
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Prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 promotes B-cell lymphoma progression via hydroxylation of Carabin. Blood 2018; 131:1325-1336. [PMID: 29437589 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-794875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas are heterogeneous blood disorders with limited therapeutic options, largely because of their propensity to relapse and become refractory to treatments. Carabin, a key suppressor of B-cell receptor signaling and proliferation, is inactivated in B-cell lymphoma by unknown mechanisms. Here, we identify prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 (P4HA2) as a specific proline hydroxylase of Carabin. Carabin hydroxylation leads to its proteasomal degradation, thereby activating the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and increasing B-cell lymphoma proliferation. P4HA2 is undetectable in normal B cells but upregulated in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), driving Carabin inactivation and lymphoma proliferation. Our results indicate that P4HA2 is a potential prognosis marker for DLBCL and a promising pharmacological target for developing treatment of molecularly stratified B-cell lymphomas.
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22
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Parra V, Rothermel BA. Calcineurin signaling in the heart: The importance of time and place. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 103:121-136. [PMID: 28007541 PMCID: PMC5778886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, lies at the intersection of protein phosphorylation and calcium signaling cascades, where it provides an essential nodal point for coordination between these two fundamental modes of intracellular communication. In excitatory cells, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes, that experience rapid and frequent changes in cytoplasmic calcium, calcineurin protein levels are exceptionally high, suggesting that these cells require high levels of calcineurin activity. Yet, it is widely recognized that excessive activation of calcineurin in the heart contributes to pathological hypertrophic remodeling and the progression to failure. How does a calcium activated enzyme function in the calcium-rich environment of the continuously contracting heart without pathological consequences? This review will discuss the wide range of calcineurin substrates relevant to cardiovascular health and the mechanisms calcineurin uses to find and act on appropriate substrates in the appropriate location while potentially avoiding others. Fundamental differences in calcineurin signaling in neonatal verses adult cardiomyocytes will be addressed as well as the importance of maintaining heterogeneity in calcineurin activity across the myocardium. Finally, we will discuss how circadian oscillations in calcineurin activity may facilitate integration with other essential but conflicting processes, allowing a healthy heart to reap the benefits of calcineurin signaling while avoiding the detrimental consequences of sustained calcineurin activity that can culminate in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago,Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chie, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Volland C, Bremer S, Hellenkamp K, Hartmann N, Dybkova N, Khadjeh S, Kutschenko A, Liebetanz D, Wagner S, Unsöld B, Didié M, Toischer K, Sossalla S, Hasenfuß G, Seidler T. Enhanced cardiac TBC1D10C expression lowers heart rate and enhances exercise capacity and survival. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33853. [PMID: 27667030 PMCID: PMC5036039 DOI: 10.1038/srep33853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TBC1D10C is a protein previously demonstrated to bind and inhibit Ras and Calcineurin. In cardiomyocytes, also CaMKII is inhibited and all three targeted enzymes are known to promote maladaptive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Here, in accordance with lack of Calcineurin inhibition in vivo, we did not observe a relevant anti-hypertrophic effect despite inhibition of Ras and CaMKII. However, cardiomyocyte-specific TBC1D10C overexpressing transgenic mice exhibited enhanced longevity. Ejection fraction and exercise capacity were enhanced in transgenic mice, but shortening of isolated cardiomyocytes was not increased. This suggests longevity resulted from enhanced cardiac performance but independent of cardiomyocyte contractile force. In further search for mechanisms, a transcriptome-wide analysis revealed expressional changes in several genes pertinent to control of heart rate (HR) including Hcn4, Scn10a, Sema3a and Cacna2d2. Indeed, telemetric holter recordings demonstrated slower atrial conduction and significantly lower HR. Pharmacological reduction of HR was previously demonstrated to enhance survival in mice. Thus, in addition to inhibition of stress signaling, TBC1D10C economizes generation of cardiac output via HR reduction, enhancing exercise capacity and survival. TBC1D10C may be a new target for HR reduction and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Volland
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bremer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Hellenkamp
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara Khadjeh
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kutschenko
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Carabin: Endogenous calcineurin inhibitor, a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:57-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (C.G.) and Medicine and Physiology (C.G., Y.W.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yibin Wang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology (C.G.) and Medicine and Physiology (C.G., Y.W.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
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26
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Zhu X, Fang J, Gong J, Guo JH, Zhao GN, Ji YX, Liu HY, Wei X, Li H. Cardiac-Specific EPI64C Blunts Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2016; 67:866-77. [PMID: 27021007 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-responsive molecule, calcineurin, has been well characterized to play a causal role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy over the past decade. However, the intrinsic negative regulation of calcineurin signaling during the progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains enigmatic. Herein, we explored the role of EPI64C, a dual inhibitor of both Ras and calcineurin signaling during T-cell activation, in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We generated a cardiac-specific Epi64c conditional knockout mouse strain and showed that loss of Epi64c remarkably exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, EPI64C gain-of-function in cardiomyocyte-specific Epi64c transgenic mice exerts potent protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effects of EPI64C are largely attributed to the disrupted calcineurin signaling but are independent of its Ras suppressive capability. Molecular studies have indicated that the 406 to 446 C-terminal amino acids in EPI64C directly bind to the 287 to 337 amino acids in the catalytic domain of calcineurin, which is responsible for the EPI64C-mediated suppressive effects. We further extrapolated our studies to cynomolgus monkeys and showed that gene therapy based on lentivirus-mediated EPI64C overexpression in the monkey hearts blunted pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our study thus identified EPI64C as a novel negative regulator in cardiac hypertrophy by targeting calcineurin signaling and demonstrated the potential of gene therapy and drug development for treating cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jun Gong
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jun-Hong Guo
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.).
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.).
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Kaji T, Hijikata A, Ishige A, Kitami T, Watanabe T, Ohara O, Yanaka N, Okada M, Shimoda M, Taniguchi M, Takemori T. CD4 memory T cells develop and acquire functional competence by sequential cognate interactions and stepwise gene regulation. Int Immunol 2015; 28:267-82. [PMID: 26714588 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD4(+) T cells promote protective humoral immunity; however, how memory T cells acquire this activity remains unclear. This study demonstrates that CD4(+) T cells develop into antigen-specific memory T cells that can promote the terminal differentiation of memory B cells far more effectively than their naive T-cell counterparts. Memory T cell development requires the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), which is known to direct T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation. However, unlike Tfh cells, memory T cell development did not require germinal center B cells. Curiously, memory T cells that develop in the absence of cognate B cells cannot promote memory B-cell recall responses and this defect was accompanied by down-regulation of genes associated with homeostasis and activation and up-regulation of genes inhibitory for T-cell responses. Although memory T cells display phenotypic and genetic signatures distinct from Tfh cells, both had in common the expression of a group of genes associated with metabolic pathways. This gene expression profile was not shared to any great extent with naive T cells and was not influenced by the absence of cognate B cells during memory T cell development. These results suggest that memory T cell development is programmed by stepwise expression of gatekeeper genes through serial interactions with different types of antigen-presenting cells, first licensing the memory lineage pathway and subsequently facilitating the functional development of memory T cells. Finally, we identified Gdpd3 as a candidate genetic marker for memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kaji
- Laboratory for Immunological Memory, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- Immunogenomics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishige
- Laboratory for Immunological Memory, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Laboratory for Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshimori Kitami
- Cellular Bioenegetic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI (IMS-RCAI), 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada
- Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshitada Takemori
- Laboratory for Immunological Memory, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Drug Discovery Antibody Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences RCAI, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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28
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Sainte-Marie Y, Bisserier M, Tortosa F, Lezoualc'h F. [Molecular determinants of pathological cardiac remodeling: the examples of Epac and Carabin]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:881-8. [PMID: 26481027 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise or hypertension requires that the heart increases its hemodynamic work. However, this adaptation is based on distinct cardiac remodelling according to the physiological or pathological origin of the stress. As shown here with two examples, understanding the molecular events leading to cardiac remodeling may offer new opportunities for the development of therapies for heart failure. The recently described Epac1 protein is an effector of the second messenger cAMP. Following a pathological stress, the cAMP-binding protein Epac1 induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as alteration of calcium cycling suggesting that Epac1 pharmacological inhibition may be of therapeutic value. Furthermore, the protein carabin is an important regulator of several effectors of pathological cardiac remodelling. Experimental manipulation of carabin expression profoundly alters the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Tortosa
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
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Bisserier M, Berthouze-Duquesnes M, Breckler M, Tortosa F, Fazal L, de Régibus A, Laurent AC, Varin A, Lucas A, Branchereau M, Marck P, Schickel JN, Deloménie C, Cazorla O, Soulas-Sprauel P, Crozatier B, Morel E, Heymes C, Lezoualc'h F. Carabin protects against cardiac hypertrophy by blocking calcineurin, Ras, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling. Circulation 2014; 131:390-400; discussion 400. [PMID: 25369805 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure and is regulated by various signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms that negatively regulate these signal transduction pathways remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we characterized Carabin, a protein expressed in cardiomyocytes that was downregulated in cardiac hypertrophy and human heart failure. Four weeks after transverse aortic constriction, Carabin-deficient (Carabin(-/-)) mice developed exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy and displayed a strong decrease in fractional shortening (14.6±1.6% versus 27.6±1.4% in wild type plus transverse aortic constriction mice; P<0.0001). Conversely, compensation of Carabin loss through a cardiotropic adeno-associated viral vector encoding Carabin prevented transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy with preserved fractional shortening (39.9±1.2% versus 25.9±2.6% in control plus transverse aortic constriction mice; P<0.0001). Carabin also conferred protection against adrenergic receptor-induced hypertrophy in isolated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, Carabin carries out a tripartite suppressive function. Indeed, Carabin, through its calcineurin-interacting site and Ras/Rab GTPase-activating protein domain, functions as an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase prohypertrophic signaling. Moreover, Carabin reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation and prevented nuclear export of histone deacetylase 4 after adrenergic stimulation or myocardial pressure overload. Finally, we showed that Carabin Ras-GTPase-activating protein domain and calcineurin-interacting domain were both involved in the antihypertrophic action of Carabin. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies Carabin as a negative regulator of key prohypertrophic signaling molecules, calcineurin, Ras, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and implicates Carabin in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Magali Berthouze-Duquesnes
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Magali Breckler
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Florence Tortosa
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Loubina Fazal
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Annélie de Régibus
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Anne-Coline Laurent
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Audrey Varin
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Maxime Branchereau
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Pauline Marck
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Jean-Nicolas Schickel
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Claudine Deloménie
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Bertrand Crozatier
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Eric Morel
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Christophe Heymes
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.)
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- From Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., M.B., P.M., C.H., F.L.); Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.B., M.B.-D., M.B., F.T., L.F., A.d.R., A.-C.L., A.L., C.H., F.L.); Université Paris Sud, IFR141 IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); Inserm, UMR-S769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.V., C.D., B.C., E.M.); CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, France, Strasbourg, France (J.-N.S., P.S.-S.); and Inserm, U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (O.C.).
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Nagai H, Yasuda S, Ohba Y, Fukuda M, Nakamura T. All members of the EPI64 subfamily of TBC/RabGAPs also have GAP activities towards Ras. J Biochem 2012; 153:283-8. [PMID: 23248241 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of interconnective signalling networks between distinct GTPases and their regulators is being recognized. EPI64C/TBC1D10C/carabin, a haematopoietically enriched GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rab35, has been shown to exhibit RasGAP activity. Owing to the diverged Rab specificities among the EPI64 members (EPI64A-C) and the relatively weak sequence conservation between EPI64A/B and EPI64C in their catalytic TBC domains, it is difficult to predict whether EPI64A and B will also have RasGAP activities. Therefore, in this study, we examined the RasGAP activities of all three EPI64 subfamily members. We found that EPI64A-C exhibited in vivo GAP activities towards Ras using three independent methods, spectrofluorometry with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors, the Bos' pull-down assay and time-lapse FRET imaging. EPI64A and B were predominantly localized at the periphery of COS-7 cells. In COS-7 cells, confocal FRET imaging showed that H-Ras activity was higher at the Golgi than at the plasma membrane. Thus, we propose that EPI64A and B, which are ubiquitously expressed members of the EPI64 subfamily, inactivate Ras and certain Rabs at the periphery of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nagai
- Division of Biosignaling, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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31
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Schickel JN, Pasquali JL, Soley A, Knapp AM, Decossas M, Kern A, Fauny JD, Marcellin L, Korganow AS, Martin T, Soulas-Sprauel P. Carabin deficiency in B cells increases BCR-TLR9 costimulation-induced autoimmunity. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:1261-75. [PMID: 23109291 PMCID: PMC3531602 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind flares of human autoimmune diseases in general, and of systemic lupus in particular, are poorly understood. The present scenario proposes that predisposing gene defects favour clinical flares under the influence of external stimuli. Here, we show that Carabin is low in B cells of (NZB × NZW) F1 mice (murine SLE model) long before the disease onset, and is low in B cells of lupus patients during the inactive phases of the disease. Using knock-out and B-cell-conditional knock-out murine models, we identify Carabin as a new negative regulator of B-cell function, whose deficiency in B cells speeds up early B-cell responses and makes the mice more susceptible to anti-dsDNA production and renal lupus flare after stimulation with a Toll-like Receptor 9 agonist, CpG-DNA. Finally, in vitro analysis of NFκB activation and Erk phosphorylation in TLR9- and B-cell receptor (BCR)-stimulated Carabin-deficient B cells strongly suggests how the internal defect synergizes with the external stimulus and proposes Carabin as a natural inhibitor of the potentially dangerous crosstalk between BCR and TLR9 pathways in self-reactive B cells.
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Bettini ML, Pan F, Bettini M, Finkelstein D, Rehg JE, Floess S, Bell BD, Ziegler SF, Huehn J, Pardoll DM, Vignali DA. Loss of epigenetic modification driven by the Foxp3 transcription factor leads to regulatory T cell insufficiency. Immunity 2012; 36:717-30. [PMID: 22579476 PMCID: PMC3361541 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, driven by the Foxp3 transcription factor, are responsible for limiting autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. We showed that a well-characterized Foxp3(gfp) reporter mouse, which expresses an N-terminal GFP-Foxp3 fusion protein, is a hypomorph that causes profoundly accelerated autoimmune diabetes on a NOD background. Although natural Treg cell development and in vitro function are not markedly altered in Foxp3(gfp) NOD and C57BL/6 mice, Treg cell function in inflammatory environments was perturbed and TGF-β-induced Treg cell development was reduced. Foxp3(gfp) was unable to interact with the histone acetyltransferase Tip60, the histone deacetylase HDAC7, and the Ikaros family zinc finger 4, Eos, which led to reduced Foxp3 acetylation and enhanced K48-linked polyubiquitylation. Collectively this results in an altered transcriptional landscape and reduced Foxp3-mediated gene repression, notably at the hallmark IL-2 promoter. Loss of controlled Foxp3-driven epigenetic modification leads to Treg cell insufficiency that enables autoimmunity in susceptible environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Bettini
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Bioinformatics St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Dario A.A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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Schottenfeld-Roames J, Ghabrial AS. Whacked and Rab35 polarize dynein-motor-complex-dependent seamless tube growth. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:386-93. [PMID: 22407366 PMCID: PMC3334817 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seamless tubes form intracellularly without cell-cell or autocellular junctions. Such tubes have been described across phyla, but remain mysterious despite their simple architecture. In Drosophila, seamless tubes are found within tracheal terminal cells, which have dozens of branched protrusions extending hundreds of micrometres. We find that mutations in multiple components of the dynein motor complex block seamless tube growth, raising the possibility that the lumenal membrane forms through minus-end-directed transport of apical membrane components along microtubules. Growth of seamless tubes is polarized along the proximodistal axis by Rab35 and its apical membrane-localized GAP, Whacked. Strikingly, loss of whacked (or constitutive activation of Rab35) leads to tube overgrowth at terminal cell branch tips, whereas overexpression of Whacked (or dominant-negative Rab35) causes formation of ectopic tubes surrounding the terminal cell nucleus. Thus, vesicle trafficking has key roles in making and shaping seamless tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Schottenfeld-Roames
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., 1214 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amin S. Ghabrial
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., 1214 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Basu A, Banerjee P, Pal S. Critical role of mTOR in calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal cancer progression. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:633-4. [PMID: 22293493 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.4.19276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Effectiveness of a combination therapy using calcineurin inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor in preventing allograft rejection and post-transplantation renal cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2012; 321:179-86. [PMID: 22343319 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) may promote post-transplantation cancer through altered expression of cytokines and chemokines in tumor cells. We found that there is a potential cross-talk among CNI-induced signaling molecules and mTOR. Here, we utilized a murine model of post-transplantation cancer to examine the effect of a combination therapy (CNI + mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin) on allograft survival and renal cancer progression. The therapy prolonged allograft survival; and significantly attenuated CNI-induced post-transplantation cancer progression, with down-regulation of mTOR and S6-kinase phosphorylation. Also, rapamycin inhibited CNI-induced over-expression of the angiogenic cytokine VEGF, and the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in post-transplantation tumor tissues.
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Illuminating the functional and structural repertoire of human TBC/RABGAPs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:67-73. [PMID: 22251903 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing RAB-specific GTPase-activating proteins (TBC/RABGAPs) are characterized by the presence of highly conserved TBC domains and act as negative regulators of RABs. The importance of TBC/RABGAPs in the regulation of specific intracellular trafficking routes is now emerging, as is their role in different diseases. Importantly, TBC/RABGAPs act as key regulatory nodes, integrating signalling between RABs and other small GTPases and ensuring the appropriate retrieval, transport and delivery of different intracellular vesicles.
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Basu A, Banerjee P, Contreras AG, Flynn E, Pal S. Calcineurin inhibitor-induced and Ras-mediated overexpression of VEGF in renal cancer cells involves mTOR through the regulation of PRAS40. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23919. [PMID: 21886838 PMCID: PMC3160347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is a major problem in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents. We have demonstrated that treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) can induce the activation of proto-oncogenic Ras, and may promote a rapid progression of human renal cancer through the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Interestingly, we found that CNI-induced VEGF overexpression and cancer cell proliferation was inhibited by rapamycin treatment, indicating potential involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in this tumorigenic process. Here, we examined the role of mTOR pathway in mediating CNI- and Ras-induced overexpression of VEGF in human renal cancer cells (786-0 and Caki-1). We found that the knockdown of raptor (using siRNA) significantly decreased CNI-induced VEGF promoter activity as observed by promoter-luciferase assay, suggesting the role of mTOR complex1 (mTORC1) in CNI-induced VEGF transcription. It is known that mTOR becomes activated following phosphorylation of its negative regulator PRAS40, which is a part of mTORC1. We observed that CNI treatment and activation of H-Ras (through transfection of an active H-Ras plasmid) markedly increased the phosphorylation of PRAS40, and the transfection of cells using a dominant-negative plasmid of Ras, significantly decreased PRAS40 phosphorylation. Protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ and PKC-δ, which are critical intermediary signaling molecules for CNI-induced tumorigenic pathway, formed complex with PRAS40; and we found that the CNI treatment increased the complex formation between PRAS40 and PKC, particularly (PKC)-ζ. Inhibition of PKC activity using pharmacological inhibitor markedly decreased H-Ras-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40. The overexpression of PRAS40 in renal cancer cells significantly down-regulated CNI- and H-Ras-induced VEGF transcriptional activation. Finally, it was observed that CNI treatment increased the expression of phosho-PRAS40 in renal tumor tissues in vivo. Together, the phosphorylation of PRAS40 is critical for the activation of mTOR in CNI-induced VEGF overexpression and renal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Basu
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pallavi Banerjee
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan G. Contreras
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Flynn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain was originally identified as a conserved domain among the tre-2 oncogene product and the yeast cell cycle regulators Bub2 and Cdc16, and it is now widely recognized as a conserved protein motif that consists of approx. 200 amino acids in all eukaryotes. Since the TBC domain of yeast Gyps [GAP (GTPase-activating protein) for Ypt proteins] has been shown to function as a GAP domain for small GTPase Ypt/Rab, TBC domain-containing proteins (TBC proteins) in other species are also expected to function as a certain Rab-GAP. More than 40 different TBC proteins are present in humans and mice, and recent accumulating evidence has indicated that certain mammalian TBC proteins actually function as a specific Rab-GAP. Some mammalian TBC proteins {e.g. TBC1D1 [TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain family, member 1] and TBC1D4/AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa)} play an important role in homoeostasis in mammals, and defects in them are directly associated with mouse and human diseases (e.g. leanness in mice and insulin resistance in humans). The present study reviews the structure and function of mammalian TBC proteins, especially in relation to Rab small GTPases.
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Erdmann F, Weiwad M, Kilka S, Karanik M, Pätzel M, Baumgrass R, Liebscher J, Fischer G. The novel calcineurin inhibitor CN585 has potent immunosuppressive properties in stimulated human T cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1888-98. [PMID: 19923214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is a key mediator in antigen-specific T cell activation. Thus, inhibitors of calcineurin, such as cyclosporin A or FK506, can block T cell activation and are used as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft-versus-host reactions and autoimmune diseases. In this study we describe the identification of 2,6- diaryl-substituted pyrimidine derivatives as a new class of calcineurin inhibitors, obtained by screening of a substance library. By rational design of the parent compound we have attained the derivative 6-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-(N,N-dimethylaminoethylthio)-2-phenyl-pyrimidine (CN585) that noncompetitively and reversibly inhibits calcineurin activity with a K(i) value of 3.8 mum. This derivative specifically inhibits calcineurin without affecting other Ser/Thr protein phosphatases or peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases. CN585 shows potent immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting NFAT nuclear translocation and transactivation, cytokine production, and T cell proliferation. Moreover, the calcineurin inhibitor exhibits no cytotoxicity in the effective concentration range. Therefore, calcineurin inhibition by CN585 may represent a novel promising strategy for immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Erdmann
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale.
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Datta D, Contreras AG, Basu A, Dormond O, Flynn E, Briscoe DM, Pal S. Calcineurin inhibitors activate the proto-oncogene Ras and promote protumorigenic signals in renal cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8902-9. [PMID: 19903851 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer is a major problem in immunosuppressed patients, particularly after solid organ transplantation. We have recently shown that calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) used to treat transplant patients may play a critical role in the rapid progression of renal cancer. To examine the intracellular signaling events for CNI-mediated direct tumorigenic pathway(s), we studied the effect of CNI on the activation of proto-oncogenic Ras in human normal renal epithelial cells (REC) and renal cancer cells (786-0 and Caki-1). We found that CNI treatment significantly increased the level of activated GTP-bound form of Ras in these cells. In addition, CNI induced the association of Ras with one of its effector molecules, Raf, but not with Rho and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; CNI treatment also promoted the phosphorylation of the Raf kinase inhibitory protein and the downregulation of carabin, all of which may lead to the activation of the Ras-Raf pathway. Blockade of this pathway through either pharmacologic inhibitors or gene-specific small interfering RNA significantly inhibited CNI-mediated augmented proliferation of renal cancer cells. Finally, it was observed that CNI treatment increased the growth of human renal tumors in vivo, and the Ras-Raf pathway is significantly activated in the tumor tissues of CNI-treated mice. Together, targeting the Ras-Raf pathway may prevent the development/progression of renal cancer in CNI-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Datta
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Pan F, Yu H, Dang EV, Barbi J, Pan X, Grosso JF, Jinasena D, Sharma SM, McCadden EM, Getnet D, Drake CG, Liu JO, Ostrowski MC, Pardoll DM. Eos mediates Foxp3-dependent gene silencing in CD4+ regulatory T cells. Science 2009; 325:1142-6. [PMID: 19696312 PMCID: PMC2859703 DOI: 10.1126/science.1176077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis by suppressing aberrant or excessive immune responses. The core genetic program of Tregs and their ability to suppress pathologic immune responses depends on the transcription factor Foxp3. Despite progress in understanding mechanisms of Foxp3-dependent gene activation, the molecular mechanism of Foxp3-dependent gene repression remains largely unknown. We identified Eos, a zinc-finger transcription factor of the Ikaros family, as a critical mediator of Foxp3-dependent gene silencing in Tregs. Eos interacts directly with Foxp3 and induces chromatin modifications that result in gene silencing in Tregs. Silencing of Eos in Tregs abrogates their ability to suppress immune responses and endows them with partial effector function, thus demonstrating the critical role that Eos plays in Treg programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Eric V. Dang
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Joseph F. Grosso
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | | - Sudarshana M. Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Erin M. McCadden
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Derese Getnet
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Charles G. Drake
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Abstract
The second messenger calcium plays an essential role in mediating the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway leading to cytokine production and T-cell clonal expansion. The immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A and FK506 have served both as therapeutic agents and as molecular probes for unraveling the protein phosphatase calcineurin as a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the transmission of calcium signal from the cytosol into the nucleus to reprogram gene expression. The use of mouse knockout models has helped to verify and further elucidate the functions of different isoforms of calcineurin in both helper T-cell activation and thymocyte development. In addition to calcineurin, three other classes of calmodulin-binding proteins have also been shown to play important roles in calcium signaling in T cells. Thus, Cabin1 and class II histone deacetylases have been found to constitute a novel calcium-signaling module in conjunction with the transcription factor myocyte enhance factor family and the transcriptional coactivator p300 to suppress and activate cytokine gene transcription in a calcium-dependent manner. The calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II and IV were also shown to play negative and positive regulatory functions, respectively, in TCR-mediated cytokine production. The crosstalks among these and other signal transducers in T cells form an extensive nonlinear signaling network that dictates the final outcome of the TCR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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43
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Hongzhuan Sheng, Jianhua Zhu, Xiaohui Wu, Jinan Zhang. Blockade of calcineurin reverses cardiac hypertrophy and induces the down-regulation of JNK mRNA expression in renovascular hypertensive rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2008; 9:139-45. [PMID: 18957384 DOI: 10.1177/1470320308096048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, calcineurin has been shown to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including the extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK), the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 MAPK (p38), have also been shown to be important in the transduction of trophic signals. The objective of this study was to investigate possible cross-talk between calcineurin and MAPK pathways in controlling renovascular hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Renovascular hypertension was induced by the two kidney-one clip method. The left ventricular weight (LVW) and the ratio of LVW to tibial length were measured to assay the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Calcineurin activity and MAPK mRNA expression were measured. RESULTS In the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertension, calcineurin activity and JNK mRNA expression were increased while cardiac hypertrophy developed. Treatment with the calcineurin blocker ciclosporin A induced calcineurin inhibition and regression of cardiac hypertrophy with an improvement of cardiac diastolic function. The treatment also resulted in down-regulation of JNK mRNA expression, but the mRNA expressions of ERK and p38 were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS There is cross-talk between the calcineurin and JNK pathway in controlling renovascular hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Inhibition of the calcineurin and JNK pathways may be the basis of reversal of cardiac hypertrophy by calcineurin blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Sheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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44
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Basu A, Contreras AG, Datta D, Flynn E, Zeng L, Cohen HT, Briscoe DM, Pal S. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the development of post-transplantation cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5689-98. [PMID: 18632621 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an increasing and major problem after solid organ transplantation. In part, the increased cancer risk is associated with the use of immunosuppressive agents, especially calcineurin inhibitors. We propose that the effect of calcineurin inhibitors on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leads to an angiogenic milieu that favors tumor growth. Here, we used 786-0 human renal cancer cells to investigate the effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on VEGF expression. Using a full-length VEGF promoter-luciferase construct, we found that CsA markedly induced VEGF transcriptional activation through the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, specifically involving PKC zeta and PKC delta isoforms. Moreover, CsA promoted the association of PKC zeta and PKC delta with the transcription factor Sp1 as observed by immunoprecipitation assays. Using promoter deletion constructs, we found that CsA-mediated VEGF transcription was primarily Sp1 dependent. Furthermore, CsA-induced and PKC-Sp1-mediated VEGF transcriptional activation was partially inhibited by von Hippel-Lindau protein. CsA also promoted the progression of human renal tumors in vivo, wherein VEGF is overexpressed. Finally, to evaluate the in vivo significance of CsA-induced VEGF overexpression in terms of post-transplantation tumor development, we injected CT26 murine carcinoma cells (known to form angiogenic tumors) into mice with fully MHC mismatched cardiac transplants. We observed that therapeutic doses of CsA increased tumor size and VEGF mRNA expression and also enhanced tumor angiogenesis. However, coadministration of a blocking anti-VEGF antibody inhibited this CsA-mediated tumor growth. Collectively, these findings define PKC-mediated VEGF transcriptional activation as a key component in the progression of CsA-induced post-transplantation cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Basu
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mellström B, Savignac M, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Naranjo JR. Ca2+-Operated Transcriptional Networks: Molecular Mechanisms and In Vivo Models. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:421-49. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is the most universal signal used by living organisms to convey information to many different cellular processes. In this review we present well-known and recently identified proteins that sense and decode the calcium signal and are key elements in the nucleus to regulate the activity of various transcriptional networks. When possible, the review also presents in vivo models in which the genes encoding these calcium sensors-transducers have been modified, to emphasize the critical role of these Ca2+-operated mechanisms in many physiological functions.
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46
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Abrams CC, Chapman DAG, Silk R, Liverani E, Dixon LK. Domains involved in calcineurin phosphatase inhibition and nuclear localisation in the African swine fever virus A238L protein. Virology 2008; 374:477-86. [PMID: 18261759 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus A238L protein inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity and activation of NF-kappaB and p300 co-activator. An 82 amino acid domain containing residues 157 to 238 at the C-terminus of A238L was expressed in E. coli and purified. This purified A238L fragment acted as a potent inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase in vitro with an IC50 of approximately 70 nM. Two putative nuclear localisation signals were identified between residues 80 to 86 (NLS-1) and between residues 203 to 207 overlapping with the N-terminus of the calcineurin docking motif (NLS-2). Mutation of these motifs independently did not reduce nuclear localisation compared to the wild type A238L protein, whereas mutation of both motifs significantly reduced nuclear localisation of A238L. Mutation of the calcineurin docking motif resulted in a dramatic increase in the nuclear localisation of A238L provided an intact NLS was present. We propose that binding of calcineurin to A238L masks NLS-2 contributing to the cytoplasmic retention of A238L.
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47
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Jensen UB, Yan X, Triel C, Woo SH, Christensen R, Owens DM. A distinct population of clonogenic and multipotent murine follicular keratinocytes residing in the upper isthmus. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:609-17. [PMID: 18252795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.025502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulge region of adult murine hair follicles harbors epidermal stem cells with multipotent capacity; however, the restricted contributions of these cells under homeostatic conditions indicates that additional stem or progenitor cell populations may be required to maintain squamous and sebaceous lineages. We have identified a distinct population of murine hair follicle keratinocytes residing in the upper isthmus (UI) between the infundibulum and bulge regions that are distinguished by low alpha6 integrin levels and are negative for CD34 and Sca-1. Purified UI cells give rise to long-term, stable epidermal, follicular and sebaceous lineages and can self-renew in vivo. These cells are non-quiescent and possess a unique transcript profile compared with bulge stem cells and may represent a distinct reservoir of epidermal stem or progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Birk Jensen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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48
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Abstract
The murine p200 family protein, p204, modulates cell proliferation and tissue differentiation. Many of its activities are exerted in the nucleus. However, in cardiac myocytes, p204 accumulated in the cytoplasm. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed a p204-cytoplasmic Ras protein interaction. This was confirmed (i) by coimmunoprecipitation of p204 with Ras in mouse heart extract and with endogenous or ectopic H-Ras and K-Ras in cell lysates as well as (ii) by binding of purified H-Ras-GTP to purified p204 in vitro. p204 inhibited (i) the cleavage of RasGTP to RasGDP by RasGAP; (ii) the binding to RasGTP of Raf-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Ral-GDS, effectors of Ras signaling; and (iii) activation by the Ras pathway of the phosphorylation and thus activation of downstream targets (e.g. MEK, Akt, and p38 MAPK). Oncogenic Ras expression triggered the phosphorylation and translocation of p204 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This is expected to increase the interaction between the two proteins. Translocation triggered by Ras oncoprotein was blocked by the LY294002 inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Ras did not promote phosphorylation or translocation to the cytoplasm of mutated p204 in which serine 179 was replaced by alanine. p204 overexpression inhibited the anchorage-independent proliferation of cells expressing Ras(Q61L) oncoprotein. Ras oncoprotein triggered in MEF3T3 cells the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and the enhancement of cell migration through a membrane. Overexpression of p204 inhibited both. Ras oncoprotein or activated, wild-type Ras was described to increase Egr-1 transcription factor expression. We report that a sequence in the gene encoding p204 bound Egr-1, and Egr-1 activated p204 expression. Ras oncoprotein or activated wild-type Ras increased the expression in 3T3 cells of p204 together with that of Egr-1. Furthermore, the activation of expression of a single copy of K-ras oncogene in cultured murine embryonic cells induced the expression of a high level of p204 as well as its distribution between the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Thus, p204 may serve as a negative feedback inhibitor of Ras activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8024, USA
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49
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Savignac M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Calcium-dependent transcription of cytokine genes in T lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2007; 454:523-33. [PMID: 17334777 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration is a general signaling mechanism used in many biological systems. In T lymphocytes, calcium is essential for activation, differentiation, and effector functions. In this study, we will summarize recent developments of how intracellular calcium concentrations are modified in T cells to affect the activity of three major calcium-dependent transcriptional effectors, i.e., NFAT, MEF2, and DREAM, involved in cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Savignac
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Research highlights. Nat Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/ni0307-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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