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Methi A, Islam MR, Kaurani L, Sakib MS, Krüger DM, Pena T, Burkhardt S, Liebetanz D, Fischer A. A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of the Mouse Hippocampus After Voluntary Exercise. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5628-5645. [PMID: 38217668 PMCID: PMC11249425 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been recognized as a beneficial factor for cognitive health, particularly in relation to the hippocampus, a vital brain region responsible for learning and memory. Previous research has demonstrated that exercise-mediated improvement of learning and memory in humans and rodents correlates with increased adult neurogenesis and processes related to enhanced synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. With the aim to further elucidate these mechanisms, we provide a comprehensive dataset of the mouse hippocampal transcriptome at the single-cell level after 4 weeks of voluntary wheel-running. Our analysis provides a number of interesting observations. For example, the results suggest that exercise affects adult neurogenesis by accelerating the maturation of a subpopulation of Prdm16-expressing neurons. Moreover, we uncover the existence of an intricate crosstalk among multiple vital signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and retinoic acid (RA) pathways altered upon exercise in a specific cluster of excitatory neurons within the Cornu Ammonis (CA) region of the hippocampus. In conclusion, our study provides an important resource dataset and sheds further light on the molecular changes induced by exercise in the hippocampus. These findings have implications for developing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing cognitive health and preventing age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Methi
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lalit Kaurani
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Sadman Sakib
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis M Krüger
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Burkhardt
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.
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Aglago EK, Qu C, Harlid S, Phipps AI, Steinfelder RS, Ogino S, Thomas CE, Hsu L, Toland AE, Brenner H, Berndt SI, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Cao Y, Chan AT, Drew DA, Figueiredo JC, French AJ, Gallinger S, Georgeson P, Giannakis M, Goode EL, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Huang WY, Hullar MA, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Lynch BM, Moreno V, Murphy N, Newton CC, Nowak JA, Obón-Santacana M, Sun W, Ugai T, Um CY, Zaidi SH, Tsilidis KK, van Guelpen B, Peters U. Folate intake and colorectal cancer risk according to genetic subtypes defined by targeted tumor sequencing. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00609-9. [PMID: 39025327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate is involved in multiple genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic processes, and inadequate folate intake has been associated with an increased risk of cancer. OBJECTIVE We examined whether folate intake is differentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk according to somatic mutations in genes linked to CRC using targeted sequencing. DESIGN Participants within 2 large CRC consortia with available information on dietary folate, supplemental folic acid, and total folate intake were included. Colorectal tumor samples from cases were sequenced for the presence of nonsilent mutations in 105 genes and 6 signaling pathways (IGF2/PI3K, MMR, RTK/RAS, TGF-β, WNT, and TP53/ATM). Multinomial logistic regression models were analyzed comparing mutated/nonmutated CRC cases to controls to compute multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity of associations of mutated compared with nonmutated CRC cases was tested in case-only analyses using logistic regression. Analyses were performed separately in hypermutated and nonhypermutated tumors, because they exhibit different clinical behaviors. RESULTS We included 4339 CRC cases (702 hypermutated tumors, 16.2%) and 11,767 controls. Total folate intake was inversely associated with CRC risk (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). Among hypermutated tumors, 12 genes (AXIN2, B2M, BCOR, CHD1, DOCK3, FBLN2, MAP3K21, POLD1, RYR1, TET2, UTP20, and ZNF521) showed nominal statistical significance (P < 0.05) for heterogeneity by mutation status, but none remained significant after multiple testing correction. Among these genetic subtypes, the associations between folate variables and CRC were mostly inverse or toward the null, except for tumors mutated for DOCK3 (supplemental folic acid), CHD1 (total folate), and ZNF521 (dietary folate) that showed positive associations. We did not observe differential associations in analyses among nonhypermutated tumors, or according to the signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Folate intake was not differentially associated with CRC risk according to mutations in the genes explored. The nominally significant differential mutation effects observed in a few genes warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert S Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy J French
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meredith Aj Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Wei B, Shi Y, Yu X, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Song Y, Zhao Z, Huo M, Li L, Gao Q, Yu D, Wang B, Sun M. GR/P300 Regulates MKP1 Signaling Pathway and Mediates Depression-like Behavior in Prenatally Stressed Offspring. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04244-y. [PMID: 38769227 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that prenatal stress (PNS) increases offspring susceptibility to depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We constructed a mouse model of prenatal stress by spatially restraining pregnant mice from 09:00-11:00 daily on Days 5-20 of gestation. In this study, western blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR), immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and mifepristone rescue assays were used to investigate alterations in the GR/P300-MKP1 and downstream ERK/CREB/TRKB pathways in the brains of prenatally stressed offspring to determine the pathogenesis of the reduced neurogenesis and depression-like behaviors in offspring induced by PNS. We found that prenatal stress leads to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and depression-like behavior in offspring. Prenatal stress causes high levels of glucocorticoids to enter the fetus and activate the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in offspring. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of GR and P300 (an acetylation modifying enzyme) complex in the hippocampus of PNS offspring increased significantly. This GR/P300 complex upregulates MKP1, which is a negative regulator of the ERK/CREB/TRKB signaling pathway associated with depression. Interestingly, treatment with a GR antagonist (mifepristone, RU486) increased hippocampal GR levels and decreased MKP1 expression, thereby ameliorating abnormal neurogenesis and depression-like behavior in PNS offspring. In conclusion, our study suggested that the regulation of the MKP1 signaling pathway by GR/P300 is involved in depression-like behavior in prenatal stress-exposed offspring and provides new insights and ideas for the fetal hypothesis of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongle Cai
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyang Song
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zejun Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Huo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanzhouGansu, 730000, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyi Yu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Eastment RV, Wong BBM, McGee MD. Convergent genomic signatures associated with vertebrate viviparity. BMC Biol 2024; 22:34. [PMID: 38331819 PMCID: PMC10854053 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viviparity-live birth-is a complex and innovative mode of reproduction that has evolved repeatedly across the vertebrate Tree of Life. Viviparous species exhibit remarkable levels of reproductive diversity, both in the amount of care provided by the parent during gestation, and the ways in which that care is delivered. The genetic basis of viviparity has garnered increasing interest over recent years; however, such studies are often undertaken on small evolutionary timelines, and thus are not able to address changes occurring on a broader scale. Using whole genome data, we investigated the molecular basis of this innovation across the diversity of vertebrates to answer a long held question in evolutionary biology: is the evolution of convergent traits driven by convergent genomic changes? RESULTS We reveal convergent changes in protein family sizes, protein-coding regions, introns, and untranslated regions (UTRs) in a number of distantly related viviparous lineages. Specifically, we identify 15 protein families showing evidence of contraction or expansion associated with viviparity. We additionally identify elevated substitution rates in both coding and noncoding sequences in several viviparous lineages. However, we did not find any convergent changes-be it at the nucleotide or protein level-common to all viviparous lineages. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the value of macroevolutionary comparative genomics in determining the genomic basis of complex evolutionary transitions. While we identify a number of convergent genomic changes that may be associated with the evolution of viviparity in vertebrates, there does not appear to be a convergent molecular signature shared by all viviparous vertebrates. Ultimately, our findings indicate that a complex trait such as viviparity likely evolves with changes occurring in multiple different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V Eastment
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew D McGee
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
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5
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Martinez JL, Piciw JG, Crockett M, Sorci IA, Makwana N, Sirois CL, Giffin-Rao Y, Bhattacharyya A. Transcriptional consequences of trisomy 21 on neural induction. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1341141. [PMID: 38357436 PMCID: PMC10865501 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is a complex developmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and reduced growth of multiple organs. Structural pathologies are present at birth, reflecting embryonic origins. A fundamental unanswered question is how an extra copy of human chromosome 21 contributes to organ-specific pathologies that characterize individuals with Down syndrome, and, relevant to the hallmark intellectual disability in Down syndrome, how trisomy 21 affects neural development. We tested the hypothesis that trisomy 21 exerts effects on human neural development as early as neural induction. Methods Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on isogenic trisomy 21 and euploid human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) at successive stages of neural induction: embryoid bodies at Day 6, early neuroectoderm at Day 10, and differentiated neuroectoderm at Day 17. Results Gene expression analysis revealed over 1,300 differentially expressed genes in trisomy 21 cells along the differentiation pathway compared to euploid controls. Less than 5% of the gene expression changes included upregulated chromosome 21 encoded genes at every timepoint. Genes involved in specific growth factor signaling pathways (WNT and Notch), metabolism (including oxidative stress), and extracellular matrix were altered in trisomy 21 cells. Further analysis uncovered heterochronic expression of genes. Conclusion Trisomy 21 impacts discrete developmental pathways at the earliest stages of neural development. The results suggest that metabolic dysfunction arises early in embryogenesis in trisomy 21 and may affect development and function more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Martinez
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer G. Piciw
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madeline Crockett
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Isabella A. Sorci
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nikunj Makwana
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carissa L. Sirois
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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6
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Scicchitano S, Faniello MC, Mesuraca M. Zinc Finger 521 Modulates the Nrf2-Notch Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14755. [PMID: 37834202 PMCID: PMC10572470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human zinc finger protein 521 (ZNF521) is a co-transcriptional factor with multiple recognized regulatory functions in a range of normal, cancer and stem cell compartments. ZNF521 regulates proliferation, progression and CSC (cancer stem cell) compartments in human ovarian cancer (hOC), which is a very aggressive and late-diagnosed female tumor. Two other important regulators of hOC are the NRF2 and NOTCH signaling pathways. In the present paper, the mRNA and protein levels of ZNF521 were correlated with those of the NRF2-NOTCH signaling components in two different hOC cell lines and in a public dataset of 381 hOC patients. The data show that high levels of ZNF521 significantly increase NRF2-NOTCH signaling expression; conversely, the silencing of ZNF521 impairs NRF2-NOTCH signaling. This experimental work shows that, in hOC, different levels of ZNF521 modulate the NRF2-NOTCH signaling pathway and also influences hOC CSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Li J, Chen K, Wang W, Ye Z, Feng K, Yang Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Guo X. Cooperative regulation of Zhx1 and hnRNPA1 drives the cardiac progenitor-specific transcriptional activation during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:244. [PMID: 37452012 PMCID: PMC10349095 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) mediated transcriptional regulation is critical for cell fate transition. However, it is still unclear how the ZNFs realize their specific regulatory roles in the stage-specific determination of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we reported that the zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (Zhx1) protein, transiently expressed during the cell fate transition from mesoderm to cardiac progenitors, was indispensable for the proper cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, Zhx1 majorly promoted the specification of cardiac progenitors via interacting with hnRNPA1 and co-activated the transcription of a wide range of genes. In-depth mechanistic studies showed that Zhx1 was bound with hnRNPA1 by the amino acid residues (Thr111-His120) of the second Znf domain, thus participating in the formation of cardiac progenitors. Together, our study highlights the unrevealed interaction of Zhx1/hnRNPA1 for activating gene transcription during cardiac progenitor specification and also provides new evidence for the specificity of cell fate determination in cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wuchan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zihui Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Murata Y, Jo JI, Tabata Y. Molecular Beacon Imaging System to Discriminate the Differentiation State of Cells from Energy Metabolic Pathways. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2207-2218. [PMID: 37253227 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways of energy production play an essential role as a function of cells. It is well recognized that the differentiation state of stem cells is highly associated with their metabolic profile. Therefore, visualization of the energy metabolic pathway makes it possible to discriminate the differentiation state of cells and predict the cell potential for reprogramming and differentiation. However, at present, it is technically difficult to directly assess the metabolic profile of individual living cells. In this study, we developed an imaging system of cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS) incorporating molecular beacons (MB) (cGNSMB) to detect intracellular pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA of key regulators in the energy metabolism. The prepared cGNSMB was readily internalized into mouse embryonic stem cells, while their pluripotency was maintained. The high level of glycolysis in the undifferentiated state, the increased oxidative phosphorylation over the spontaneous early differentiation, and the lineage-specific neural differentiation were visualized based on the MB fluorescence. The fluorescence intensity corresponded well to the change of extracellular acidification rate and the oxygen consumption rate of representative metabolic indicators. These findings indicate that the cGNSMB imaging system is a promising tool to visually discriminate the differentiation state of cells from energy metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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9
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Tsutsumi R, Eiraku M. How might we build limbs in vitro informed by the modular aspects and tissue-dependency in limb development? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1135784. [PMID: 37283945 PMCID: PMC10241304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Building limb morphogenesis in vitro would substantially open up avenues for research and applications of appendage development. Recently, advances in stem cell engineering to differentiate desired cell types and produce multicellular structures in vitro have enabled the derivation of limb-like tissues from pluripotent stem cells. However, in vitro recapitulation of limb morphogenesis is yet to be achieved. To formulate a method of building limbs in vitro, it is critically important to understand developmental mechanisms, especially the modularity and the dependency of limb development on the external tissues, as those would help us to postulate what can be self-organized and what needs to be externally manipulated when reconstructing limb development in vitro. Although limbs are formed on the designated limb field on the flank of embryo in the normal developmental context, limbs can also be regenerated on the amputated stump in some animals and experimentally induced at ectopic locations, which highlights the modular aspects of limb morphogenesis. The forelimb-hindlimb identity and the dorsal-ventral, proximal-distal, and anterior-posterior axes are initially instructed by the body axis of the embryo, and maintained in the limb domain once established. In contrast, the aspects of dependency on the external tissues are especially underscored by the contribution of incoming tissues, such as muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves, to developing limbs. Together, those developmental mechanisms explain how limb-like tissues could be derived from pluripotent stem cells. Prospectively, the higher complexity of limb morphologies is expected to be recapitulated by introducing the morphogen gradient and the incoming tissues in the culture environment. Those technological developments would dramatically enhance experimental accessibility and manipulability for elucidating the mechanisms of limb morphogenesis and interspecies differences. Furthermore, if human limb development can be modeled, drug development would be benefited by in vitro assessment of prenatal toxicity on congenital limb deficiencies. Ultimately, we might even create a future in which the lost appendage would be recovered by transplanting artificially grown human limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Tsutsumi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Gupta S, Polit LD, Fitzgerald M, Rowland HA, Murali D, Buckley NJ, Subramaniam S. Temporal transcriptional control of neural induction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1139287. [PMID: 37213689 PMCID: PMC10195998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1139287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells represents a critical switch in cell state during which pluripotency is lost and commitment to a neural lineage is initiated. Although many of the key transcription factors involved in neural induction are known, we know little of the temporal and causal relationships that are required for this state transition. Methods Here, we have carried out a longitudinal analysis of the transcriptome of human iPSCs undergoing neural induction. Using the temporal relationships between the changing profile of key transcription factors and subsequent changes in their target gene expression profiles, we have identified distinct functional modules operative throughout neural induction. Results In addition to modules that govern loss of pluripotency and gain of neural ectoderm identity, we discover other modules governing cell cycle and metabolism. Strikingly, some of these functional modules are retained throughout neural induction, even though the gene membership of the module changes. Systems analysis identifies other modules associated with cell fate commitment, genome integrity, stress response and lineage specification. We then focussed on OTX2, one of the most precociously activated transcription factors during neural induction. Our temporal analysis of OTX2 target gene expression identified several OTX2 regulated gene modules representing protein remodelling, RNA splicing and RNA processing. Further CRISPRi inhibition of OTX2 prior to neural induction promotes an accelerated loss of pluripotency and a precocious and aberrant neural induction disrupting some of the previously identified modules. Discussion We infer that OTX2 has a diverse role during neural induction and regulates many of the biological processes that are required for loss of pluripotency and gain of neural identity. This dynamical analysis of transcriptional changes provides a unique perspective of the widespread remodelling of the cell machinery that occurs during neural induction of human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fitzgerald
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Helen A. Rowland
- Department of Psychiatry and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Murali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Noel J. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Noel J. Buckley, ; Shankar Subramaniam,
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Noel J. Buckley, ; Shankar Subramaniam,
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11
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Scicchitano S, Montalcini Y, Lucchino V, Melocchi V, Gigantino V, Chiarella E, Bianchi F, Weisz A, Mesuraca M. Enhanced ZNF521 expression induces an aggressive phenotype in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274785. [PMID: 36191006 PMCID: PMC9529122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological tumor, that almost inevitably relapses and develops chemo-resistance. A better understanding of molecular events underlying the biological behavior of this tumor, as well as identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets are the prerequisite to improve its clinical management. ZNF521 gene amplifications are present in >6% of OCs and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that it may play an important role in OC. Increased ZNF521 expression resulted in an enhancement of OC HeyA8 and ES-2 cell growth and motility. Analysis of RNA isolated from transduced cells by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR revealed that several genes involved in growth, proliferation, migration and tumor invasiveness are differentially expressed following increased ZNF521 expression. The data illustrate a novel biological role of ZNF521 in OC that, thanks to the early and easy detection by RNA-Seq, can be used as biomarker for identification and treatment of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MM)
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS–Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valerio Gigantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS–Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health, University of Salerno Campus, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MM)
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12
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Varga BV, Faiz M, Pivonkova H, Khelifi G, Yang H, Gao S, Linderoth E, Zhen M, Karadottir RT, Hussein SM, Nagy A. Signal requirement for cortical potential of transplantable human neuroepithelial stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2844. [PMID: 35606347 PMCID: PMC9126949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex develops from dorsal forebrain neuroepithelial progenitor cells. Following the initial expansion of the progenitor cell pool, these cells generate neurons of all the cortical layers and then astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Yet, the regulatory pathways that control the expansion and maintenance of the progenitor cell pool are currently unknown. Here we define six basic pathway components that regulate proliferation of cortically specified human neuroepithelial stem cells (cNESCs) in vitro without the loss of cerebral cortex developmental potential. We show that activation of FGF and inhibition of BMP and ACTIVIN A signalling are required for long-term cNESC proliferation. We also demonstrate that cNESCs preserve dorsal telencephalon-specific potential when GSK3, AKT and nuclear CATENIN-β1 activity are low. Remarkably, regulation of these six pathway components supports the clonal expansion of cNESCs. Moreover, cNESCs differentiate into lower- and upper-layer cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo. The identification of mechanisms that drive the neuroepithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation and preserve this potential in vitro is key to developing regenerative and cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs V Varga
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maryam Faiz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helena Pivonkova
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Khelifi
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shangbang Gao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Linderoth
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ragnhildur Thora Karadottir
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samer M Hussein
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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13
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García-García RD, Garay-Pacheco E, Marín-Llera JC, Chimal-Monroy J. Recombinant Limb Assay as in Vivo Organoid Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:863140. [PMID: 35557939 PMCID: PMC9086426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.863140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ formation initiates once cells become committed to one of the three embryonic germ layers. In the early stages of embryogenesis, different gene transcription networks regulate cell fate after each germ layer is established, thereby directing the formation of complex tissues and functional organs. These events can be modeled in vitro by creating organoids from induced pluripotent, embryonic, or adult stem cells to study organ formation. Under these conditions, the induced cells are guided down the developmental pathways as in embryonic development, resulting in an organ of a smaller size that possesses the essential functions of the organ of interest. Although organoids are widely studied, the formation of skeletal elements in an organoid model has not yet been possible. Therefore, we suggest that the formation of skeletal elements using the recombinant limb (RL) assay system can serve as an in vivo organoid model. RLs are formed from undissociated or dissociated-reaggregated undifferentiated mesodermal cells introduced into an ectodermal cover obtained from an early limb bud. Next, this filled ectoderm is grafted into the back of a donor chick embryo. Under these conditions, the cells can receive the nascent embryonic signals and develop complex skeletal elements. We propose that the formation of skeletal elements induced through the RL system may occur from stem cells or other types of progenitors, thus enabling the study of morphogenetic properties in vivo from these cells for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Damián García-García
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Estefanía Garay-Pacheco
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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14
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Kreimer A, Ashuach T, Inoue F, Khodaverdian A, Deng C, Yosef N, Ahituv N. Massively parallel reporter perturbation assays uncover temporal regulatory architecture during neural differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1504. [PMID: 35315433 PMCID: PMC8938438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory elements play a key role in orchestrating gene expression during cellular differentiation, but what determines their function over time remains largely unknown. Here, we perform perturbation-based massively parallel reporter assays at seven early time points of neural differentiation to systematically characterize how regulatory elements and motifs within them guide cellular differentiation. By perturbing over 2,000 putative DNA binding motifs in active regulatory regions, we delineate four categories of functional elements, and observe that activity direction is mostly determined by the sequence itself, while the magnitude of effect depends on the cellular environment. We also find that fine-tuning transcription rates is often achieved by a combined activity of adjacent activating and repressing elements. Our work provides a blueprint for the sequence components needed to induce different transcriptional patterns in general and specifically during neural differentiation. How gene regulatory elements regulate gene expression during cellular differentiation remains largely unknown. Here the authors use perturbation-based massively parallel reporter assays at early time points of neural differentiation to systematically characterize how regulatory elements and motifs within them guide different transcriptional patterns.
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15
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Tsuruwaka Y, Shimada E. Reprocessing seafood waste: challenge to develop aquatic clean meat from fish cells. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:7. [PMID: 35087061 PMCID: PMC8795430 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption has been increasing worldwide as per capita consumption of fish rises along with population growth. At the same time, overfishing is increasing all over the world, causing enormous damage to the ecosystem. There is an urgent need to secure sustainable fishery resources to meet the expanding demand for fish. The present study focused on the cells obtained from fish fins, which were often discarded as food waste, and which had the potential to change their morphology with simple treatments, creating the possibility of processing fish fin cells into clean meat (i.e., meat produced in vitro; artificial, lab-cultured meat using tissue engineering techniques). The fin-derived fibroblast-like cells demonstrated an interesting characteristic; changing the sera or culture media supported differentiation of the fibroblast-like cells to various cell morphologies, such as neurofilaments and adipocytes, etc., without genetic manipulation. Furthermore, it was possible to culture the cells in multi-layered and three-dimensional forms that were suitable for processing and shaping. Taking advantage of the cells' characteristics, 'aquatic clean meat' was produced successfully at the prototype stage. Our results suggest that fish fins, which are often treated as waste material, thus, are easy to procure, simple to process, and could be used to create a sustainable food resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuruwaka
- Cellevolt, Niigata, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan. .,Marine Bioresource Exploration Research Team, Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Eriko Shimada
- Cellevolt, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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16
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Bai M, Li G, Jiapaer Z, Guo X, Xi J, Wang G, Ye D, Chen W, Duan B, Kang J. Linc1548 promotes the transition of epiblast stem cells into neural progenitors by engaging OCT6 and SOX2. Stem Cells 2022; 40:22-34. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The transition of embryonic stem cells from the epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs), name as the neural induction process, is crucial for cell fate determination of neural differentiation. However, the mechanism of this transition is unclear. Here, we identified a long non-coding RNA (linc1548) as a critical regulator of neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Knockout of linc1548 did not affect the conversion of mESCs to EpiSCs, but delayed the transition from EpiSCs to NPCs. Moreover, linc1548 interacts with the transcription factors OCT6 and SOX2 forming an RNA-protein complex to regulate the transition from EpiSCs to NPCs. Finally, we showed that Zfp521 is an important target gene of this RNA-protein complex regulating neural differentiation. Our findings prove how the intrinsic transcription complex mediated by a lncRNA linc1548 and can better understand the intrinsic mechanism of neural fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biology Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyu Duan
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medical and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Bu S, Lv Y, Liu Y, Qiao S, Wang H. Zinc Finger Proteins in Neuro-Related Diseases Progression. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:760567. [PMID: 34867169 PMCID: PMC8637543 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.760567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic genomes. It contains several zinc finger domains that can selectively bind to certain DNA or RNA and associate with proteins, therefore, ZNF can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. In terms of neurological diseases, numerous studies have shown that many ZNF are associated with neurological diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the types and roles of ZNF in neuropsychiatric disorders. We will describe the structure and classification of ZNF, then focus on the pathophysiological role of ZNF in neuro-related diseases and summarize the mechanism of action of ZNF in neuro-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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18
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A Novel In Vitro Simulator to Investigate Promotion of Reconstruction of Damaged Neuronal Cell Colony Differentiated from iPS Cells with the Aid of Micro Dynamic Stimulation. TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/technologies9040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cells are equipped with the function of a sensor that senses stimulation and elongates neurites to connect nearby neuronal cells in forming a neuronal network, as they are generally said to be hard to recover from physical damage, such as in the case of a spinal cord injury. Therefore, in this study, a novel in vitro simulator in which micro dynamic stimulations are applied to a damaged neuronal cell colony artificially is proposed to investigate the possibility of promoting the reconstruction of damaged neuronal cells on a colony basis. A neuronal cell colony differentiated from iPS cells is physically damaged by cutting off treatment, and micro dynamic stimulations are applied to the colony by utilizing a developed mini-vibration table system. NeuroFluor NeuO is used to establish a method for fluorescent staining of the living neuronal cells, and morphologies of the reconstructing neurons are analysed, revealing a relationship between the stimulation and the reconstructing process of the damaged neurons. It is found that significant differences are observed in the reconstructing efficiency between the statically cultured damaged neuronal cell colony and the dynamically stimulated one. The results suggest that applying appropriate micro dynamic stimulations is a promising approach to promote the reconstruction of a damaged neuronal cell colony.
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19
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Chiarella E, Aloisio A, Scicchitano S, Todoerti K, Cosentino EG, Lico D, Neri A, Amodio N, Bond HM, Mesuraca M. ZNF521 Enhances MLL-AF9-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transformation in Acute Myeloid Leukemias by Altering the Gene Expression Landscape. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910814. [PMID: 34639154 PMCID: PMC8509509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias derived from the MLL-AF9 rearrangement rely on dysfunctional transcriptional networks. ZNF521, a transcription co-factor implicated in the control of hematopoiesis, has been proposed to sustain leukemic transformation in collaboration with other oncogenes. Here, we demonstrate that ZNF521 mRNA levels correlate with specific genetic aberrations: in particular, the highest expression is observed in AMLs bearing MLL rearrangements, while the lowest is detected in AMLs with FLT3-ITD, NPM1, or CEBPα double mutations. In cord blood-derived CD34+ cells, enforced expression of ZNF521 provides a significant proliferative advantage and enhances MLL-AF9 effects on the induction of proliferation and the expansion of leukemic progenitor cells. Transcriptome analysis of primary CD34+ cultures displayed subsets of genes up-regulated by MLL-AF9 or ZNF521 single transgene overexpression as well as in MLL-AF9/ZNF521 combinations, at either the early or late time points of an in vitro leukemogenesis model. The silencing of ZNF521 in the MLL-AF9 + THP-1 cell line coherently results in an impairment of growth and clonogenicity, recapitulating the effects observed in primary cells. Taken together, these results underscore a role for ZNF521 in sustaining the self-renewal of the immature AML compartment, most likely through the perturbation of the gene expression landscape, which ultimately favors the expansion of MLL-AF9-transformed leukemic clones.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela G. Cosentino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
- Exiris S.r.l., 00128 Roma, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Lico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonino Neri
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Heather Mandy Bond
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (S.S.); (E.G.C.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
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20
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Regulatory Role of microRNAs Targeting the Transcription Co-Factor ZNF521 in Normal Tissues and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168461. [PMID: 34445164 PMCID: PMC8395128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Powerful bioinformatics tools have provided a wealth of novel miRNA–transcription factor networks crucial in controlling gene regulation. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of miRNAs targeting ZNF521, explaining the molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulation of this axis contributes to malignancy. ZNF521 is a stem cell-associated co-transcription factor implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic, neural, and mesenchymal stem cells. The aberrant expression of ZNF521 transcripts, frequently associated with miRNA deregulation, has been detected in several tumors including pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric, bladder transitional cell carcinomas as well as in breast and ovarian cancers. miRNA expression profiling tools are currently identifying a multitude of miRNAs, involved together with oncogenes and TFs in the regulation of oncogenesis, including ZNF521, which may be candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer.
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21
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Luo Y, Qiu W, Wu B, Fang F. An Overview of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Therapy Mediated by Noncoding RNAs in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:457-473. [PMID: 34347272 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising tool for neurorestorative therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which are mainly characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of neuronal structure and function in the central or peripheral nervous system. Recently, studies have reported that genetic manipulation mediated by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can increase survival and neural regeneration of transplanted MSCs, offering a new strategy for clinical translation. In this review, we summarize the potential role and regulatory mechanism of two major types of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), during the neurogenesis of MSCs with gene expression profile analyses. We also overview the realization of MSC-based therapy mediated by ncRNAs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and peripheral nerve injury. It is expected that ncRNAs will become promising therapeutic targets for NDD on stem cells, while the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, 143 Dongzong Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Jan TA, Eltawil Y, Ling AH, Chen L, Ellwanger DC, Heller S, Cheng AG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of inner ear sensory and non-sensory cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109358. [PMID: 34260939 PMCID: PMC8378666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utricle is a vestibular sensory organ that requires mechanosensitive hair cells to detect linear acceleration. In neonatal mice, new hair cells are derived from non-sensory supporting cells, yet cell type diversity and mechanisms of cell addition remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform computational analyses on single-cell transcriptomes to categorize cell types and resolve 14 individual sensory and non-sensory subtypes. Along the periphery of the sensory epithelium, we uncover distinct groups of transitional epithelial cells, marked by Islr, Cnmd, and Enpep expression. By reconstructing de novo trajectories and gene dynamics, we show that as the utricle expands, Islr+ transitional epithelial cells exhibit a dynamic and proliferative phase to generate new supporting cells, followed by coordinated differentiation into hair cells. Taken together, our study reveals a sequential and coordinated process by which non-sensory epithelial cells contribute to growth of the postnatal mouse sensory epithelium. The postnatal mouse utricle expands by more than 35% and doubles its number of hair cells during the first 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomics, Jan et al. show that the surrounding transitional epithelial cells proliferate and contribute to the expansion of the sensory epithelium through a stepwise differentiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yasmin Eltawil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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23
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Biological importance of OCT transcription factors in reprogramming and development. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1018-1028. [PMID: 34117345 PMCID: PMC8257633 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc can reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Attempts to identify genes or chemicals that can functionally replace each of these four reprogramming factors have revealed that exogenous Oct4 is not necessary for reprogramming under certain conditions or in the presence of alternative factors that can regulate endogenous Oct4 expression. For example, polycistronic expression of Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc can elicit reprogramming by activating endogenous Oct4 expression indirectly. Experiments in which the reprogramming competence of all other Oct family members tested and also in different species have led to the decisive conclusion that Oct proteins display different reprogramming competences and species-dependent reprogramming activity despite their profound sequence conservation. We discuss the roles of the structural components of Oct proteins in reprogramming and how donor cell epigenomes endow Oct proteins with different reprogramming competences. Cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic-like stem cells that can turn into any cell type and have extensive potential medical uses, without adding the transcription factor OCT4. Although other nearly identical OCT family members had been tried, only OCT4 could induce reprogramming and was previously thought to be indispensable. However, it now appears that the reprogramming can be induced by multiple pathways, as detailed in a review by Hans Schöler, Max Planck Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, Münster, and Johnny Kim, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, in Germany. They report that any factors that trigger cells to activate endogeous OCT4 can produce iPSCs without exogeously admistration of OCT4. The mechanisms for producing iPSCs can differ between species. These results illuminate the complex mechanisms of reprogramming.
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24
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Punovuori K, Malaguti M, Lowell S. Cadherins in early neural development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4435-4450. [PMID: 33796894 PMCID: PMC8164589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During early neural development, changes in signalling inform the expression of transcription factors that in turn instruct changes in cell identity. At the same time, switches in adhesion molecule expression result in cellular rearrangements that define the morphology of the emerging neural tube. It is becoming increasingly clear that these two processes influence each other; adhesion molecules do not simply operate downstream of or in parallel with changes in cell identity but rather actively feed into cell fate decisions. Why are differentiation and adhesion so tightly linked? It is now over 60 years since Conrad Waddington noted the remarkable "Constancy of the Wild Type" (Waddington in Nature 183: 1654-1655, 1959) yet we still do not fully understand the mechanisms that make development so reproducible. Conversely, we do not understand why directed differentiation of cells in a dish is sometimes unpredictable and difficult to control. It has long been suggested that cells make decisions as 'local cooperatives' rather than as individuals (Gurdon in Nature 336: 772-774, 1988; Lander in Cell 144: 955-969, 2011). Given that the cadherin family of adhesion molecules can simultaneously influence morphogenesis and signalling, it is tempting to speculate that they may help coordinate cell fate decisions between neighbouring cells in the embryo to ensure fidelity of patterning, and that the uncoupling of these processes in a culture dish might underlie some of the problems with controlling cell fate decisions ex-vivo. Here we review the expression and function of cadherins during early neural development and discuss how and why they might modulate signalling and differentiation as neural tissues are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Punovuori
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattias Malaguti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sally Lowell
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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25
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Heat shock response enhanced by cell culture treatment in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived proliferating neural stem cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249954. [PMID: 33852623 PMCID: PMC8046196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have a regulatory mechanism known as heat shock (HS) response, which induces the expression of HS genes and proteins in response to heat and other cellular stresses. Exposure to moderate HS results in beneficial effects, such as thermotolerance and promotes survival, whereas excessive HS causes cell death. The effect of HS on cells depends on both exogenous factors, including the temperature and duration of heat application, and endogenous factors, such as the degree of cell differentiation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells, but the changes in the HS response of symmetrically proliferating NSCs in culture are unclear. We evaluated the HS response of homogeneous proliferating NSCs derived from mouse embryonic stem cells during the proliferative phase and its effect on survival and cell death in vitro. The number of adherent cells and the expression ratios of HS protein (Hsp)40 and Hsp70 genes after exposure to HS for 20 min at temperatures above 43°C significantly increased with the extension of the culture period before exposure to HS. In contrast, caspase activity was significantly decreased by extension of the culture period before exposure to HS and suppressed the decrease in cell viability. These results suggest that the culture period before HS remarkably affects the HS response, influencing the expression of HS genes and cell survival of proliferating NSCs in culture.
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26
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Yoshimatsu S, Nakajima M, Iguchi A, Sanosaka T, Sato T, Nakamura M, Nakajima R, Arai E, Ishikawa M, Imaizumi K, Watanabe H, Okahara J, Noce T, Takeda Y, Sasaki E, Behr R, Edamura K, Shiozawa S, Okano H. Non-viral Induction of Transgene-free iPSCs from Somatic Fibroblasts of Multiple Mammalian Species. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:754-770. [PMID: 33798453 PMCID: PMC8072067 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are capable of providing an unlimited source of cells from all three germ layers and germ cells. The derivation and usage of iPSCs from various animal models may facilitate stem cell-based therapy, gene-modified animal production, and evolutionary studies assessing interspecies differences. However, there is a lack of species-wide methods for deriving iPSCs, in particular by means of non-viral and non-transgene-integrating (NTI) approaches. Here, we demonstrate the iPSC derivation from somatic fibroblasts of multiple mammalian species from three different taxonomic orders, including the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in Primates, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in Carnivora, and the pig (Sus scrofa) in Cetartiodactyla, by combinatorial usage of chemical compounds and NTI episomal vectors. Interestingly, the fibroblasts temporarily acquired a neural stem cell-like state during the reprogramming. Collectively, our method, robustly applicable to various species, holds a great potential for facilitating stem cell-based research using various animals in Mammalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Mayutaka Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aozora Iguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakajima
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eri Arai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Noce
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Takeda
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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27
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Li Q, Mao F, Zhou B, Huang Y, Zou Z, denDekker AD, Xu J, Hou S, Liu J, Dou Y, Rao RC. p53 Integrates Temporal WDR5 Inputs during Neuroectoderm and Mesoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:465-480.e6. [PMID: 31940490 PMCID: PMC7024586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
How ubiquitous transcription factors (TFs) coordinate temporal inputs from broadly expressed epigenetic factors to control cell fate remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a molecular relationship between p53, an abundant embryonic TF, and WDR5, an essential member of the MLL chromatin modifying complex, that regulates mouse embryonic stem cell fate. Wild-type Wdr5 or transient Wdr5 knockout promotes a distinct pattern of global chromatin accessibility and spurs neuroectodermal differentiation through an RbBP5-dependent process in which WDR5 binds to, and activates transcription of, neural genes. Wdr5 rescue after its prolonged inhibition targets WDR5 to mesoderm lineage-specifying genes, stimulating differentiation toward mesoderm fates in a p53-dependent fashion. Finally, we identify a direct interaction between WDR5 and p53 that enables their co-recruitment to, and regulation of, genes known to control cell proliferation and fate. Our results unmask p53-dependent mechanisms that temporally integrate epigenetic WDR5 inputs to drive neuroectoderm and mesoderm differentiation from pluripotent cells. How ubiquitous chromatin-associated proteins and transcription factors (TFs) regulate cell fate determination is poorly understood. Li et al. show that regulation of the broadly expressed TF p53 by the chromatin-associated protein WDR5 is required for neuroectoderm versus mesoderm lineage determination in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanhao Huang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenhua Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Taubman Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Section of Ophthalmology, Surgical Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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28
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Sasai N, Kadoya M, Ong Lee Chen A. Neural induction: Historical views and application to pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:26-37. [PMID: 33289091 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a useful experimental material to recapitulate the differentiation steps of early embryos, which are usually invisible and inaccessible from outside of the body, especially in mammals. ES cells have greatly facilitated the analyses of gene expression profiles and cell characteristics. In addition, understanding the mechanisms during neural differentiation is important for clinical purposes, such as developing new therapeutic methods or regenerative medicine. As neurons have very limited regenerative ability, neurodegenerative diseases are usually intractable, and patients suffer from the disease throughout their lifetimes. The functional cells generated from ES cells in vitro could replace degenerative areas by transplantation. In this review, we will first demonstrate the historical views and widely accepted concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms of neural induction and positional information to produce the specific types of neurons in model animals. Next, we will describe how these concepts have recently been applied to the research in the establishment of the methodology of neural differentiation from mammalian ES cells. Finally, we will focus on examples of the applications of differentiation systems to clinical purposes. Overall, the discussion will focus on how historical developmental studies are applied to state-of-the-art stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Minori Kadoya
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Agnes Ong Lee Chen
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Zfp521 is essential for the quiescence and maintenance of adult hematopoietic stem cells under stress. iScience 2021; 24:102039. [PMID: 33532716 PMCID: PMC7822949 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 521 (Zfp521), a quiescent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched transcription factor, is involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of fetal liver HSC. However, its role in adult hematopoiesis remains elusive. Here, we found that Zfp521 deletion did not inhibit adult hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions. In contrast, Zfp521-null chimeric mice showed significantly reduced pool size of HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with increased apoptosis and loss of quiescence. Competitive serial transplantation assays revealed that Zfp521 regulates HSC self-renewal and differentiation under regenerative stress. Mechanistically, Zfp521 transcriptionally repressed Rela expression by increasing H3K9ac and decreasing H3K9me3 levels in its promoter. Knockdown of Rela inhibited the hyper-activated NF-κB pathway and reversed the loss of quiescence in Zfp521-null HSC under stress. Thus, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for Zfp521 as critical regulator of quiescence and self-renewal of HSC in adult hematopoiesis mediated at least partly by controlling Rela expression.
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Bai M, Ye D, Guo X, Xi J, Liu N, Wu Y, Jia W, Wang G, Chen W, Li G, Jiapaer Z, Kang J. Critical regulation of a NDIME/MEF2C axis in embryonic stem cell neural differentiation and autism. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50283. [PMID: 33016573 PMCID: PMC7645248 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A microdeletion within human chromosome 5q14.3 has been associated with the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and intellectual disability, and MEF2C haploinsufficiency was identified as main cause. Here, we report that a brain-enriched long non-coding RNA, NDIME, is located near the MEF2C locus and is required for normal neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). NDIME interacts with EZH2, the major component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and blocks EZH2-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at the Mef2c promoter, promoting MEF2C transcription. Moreover, the expression levels of both NDIME and MEF2C were strongly downregulated in the hippocampus of a mouse model of autism, and the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of NDIME in the hippocampus of these mice significantly increased MEF2C expression and ameliorated autism-like behaviors. The results of this study reveal an epigenetic mechanism by which NDIME regulates MEF2C transcription and neural differentiation and suggest potential effects and therapeutic approaches of the NDIME/MEF2C axis in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute for Advanced StudyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Nana Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoping Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biology Resources and Genetic EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Tsingtao Advanced Research InstituteTongji UniversityQingdaoChina
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31
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Transcription factor expression defines subclasses of developing projection neurons highly similar to single-cell RNA-seq subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25074-25084. [PMID: 32948690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008013117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We are only just beginning to catalog the vast diversity of cell types in the cerebral cortex. Such categorization is a first step toward understanding how diversification relates to function. All cortical projection neurons arise from a uniform pool of progenitor cells that lines the ventricles of the forebrain. It is still unclear how these progenitor cells generate the more than 50 unique types of mature cortical projection neurons defined by their distinct gene-expression profiles. Moreover, exactly how and when neurons diversify their function during development is unknown. Here we relate gene expression and chromatin accessibility of two subclasses of projection neurons with divergent morphological and functional features as they develop in the mouse brain between embryonic day 13 and postnatal day 5 in order to identify transcriptional networks that diversify neuron cell fate. We compare these gene-expression profiles with published profiles of single cells isolated from similar populations and establish that layer-defined cell classes encompass cell subtypes and developmental trajectories identified using single-cell sequencing. Given the depth of our sequencing, we identify groups of transcription factors with particularly dense subclass-specific regulation and subclass-enriched transcription factor binding motifs. We also describe transcription factor-adjacent long noncoding RNAs that define each subclass and validate the function of Myt1l in balancing the ratio of the two subclasses in vitro. Our multidimensional approach supports an evolving model of progressive restriction of cell fate competence through inherited transcriptional identities.
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Son W, Choi KW. The Classic Lobe Eye Phenotype of Drosophila Is Caused by Transposon Insertion-Induced Misexpression of a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor. Genetics 2020; 216:117-134. [PMID: 32641295 PMCID: PMC7463288 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Lobe (L) alleles were first discovered ∼100 years ago as spontaneous dominant mutants with characteristic developmental eye defects. However, the molecular basis for L dominant eye phenotypes has not been clearly understood. A previous work reported identification of CG10109/PRAS40 as the L gene, but subsequent analyses suggested that PRAS40 may not be related to L Here, we revisited the L gene to clarify this discrepancy and understand the basis for the dominance of L mutations. Genetic analysis localized the L gene to Oaz, which encodes a homolog of the vertebrate zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) family transcriptional regulators. We demonstrate that RNAi knockdown of Oaz almost completely restores all L dominant alleles tested. Lrev6-3 , a revertant allele of the L2 dominant eye phenotype, has an inframe deletion in the Oaz coding sequence. Molecular analysis of L dominant mutants identified allele-specific insertions of natural transposons (roo[ ]L1 , hopper[ ]L5 , and roo[ ]Lr ) or alterations of a preexisting transposon (L2 -specific mutations in roo[ ]Mohr) in the Oaz region. In addition, we generated additional L2 -reversion alleles by CRISPR targeting at Oaz These new loss-of-function Oaz mutations suppress the dominant L eye phenotype. Oaz protein is not expressed in wild-type eye disc but is expressed ectopically in L2/+ mutant eye disc. We induced male recombination between Oaz-GAL4 insertions and the L2 mutation through homologous recombination. By using the L2 -recombined GAL4 reporters, we show that Oaz-GAL4 is expressed ectopically in L2 eye imaginal disc. Taken together, our data suggest that neomorphic L eye phenotypes are likely due to misregulation of Oaz by spontaneous transposon insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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33
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Xing M, Liu Q, Mao C, Zeng H, Zhang X, Zhao S, Chen L, Liu M, Shen B, Guo X, Ma H, Chen H, Zhang J. The 18S rRNA m 6 A methyltransferase METTL5 promotes mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49863. [PMID: 32783360 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications represent a novel layer of regulation of gene expression. Functional experiments revealed that N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) on messenger RNA (mRNA) plays critical roles in cell fate determination and development. m6 A mark also resides in the decoding center of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA); however, the biological function of m6 A on 18S rRNA is still poorly understood. Here, we report that methyltransferase-like 5 (METTL5) methylates 18S rRNA both in vivo and in vitro, which is consistent with previous reports. Deletion of Mettl5 causes a dramatic differentiation defect in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Mechanistically, the m6 A deposited by METTL5 is involved in regulating the efficient translation of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), a key regulator of cell differentiation. Deficiency of METTL5 reduces FBXW7 levels and leads to the accumulation of its substrate c-MYC, thereby delaying the onset of mESC differentiation. Our study uncovers an important role of METTL5-mediated 18S m6 A in mESC differentiation through translation regulation and provides new insight into the functional significance of rRNA m6 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Rao C, Malaguti M, Mason JO, Lowell S. The transcription factor E2A drives neural differentiation in pluripotent cells. Development 2020; 147:dev184093. [PMID: 32487737 PMCID: PMC7328008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms that link extracellular signalling to the onset of neural differentiation are not well understood. In pluripotent mouse cells, BMP blocks entry into the neural lineage via transcriptional upregulation of inhibitor of differentiation (Id) factors. We have previously identified the major binding partner of Id proteins in pluripotent cells as the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) E2A. Id1 can prevent E2A from forming heterodimers with bHLH TFs or from forming homodimers. Here, we show that overexpression of a forced E2A homodimer is sufficient to drive robust neural commitment in pluripotent cells, even under non-permissive conditions. Conversely, we find that E2A null cells display a defect in their neural differentiation capacity. E2A acts as an upstream activator of neural lineage genes, including Sox1 and Foxd4, and as a repressor of Nodal signalling. Our results suggest a crucial role for E2A in establishing neural lineage commitment in pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Rao
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Mattias Malaguti
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - John O Mason
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sally Lowell
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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35
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Modeling of early neural development in vitro by direct neurosphere formation culture of chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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36
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Al-Naama N, Mackeh R, Kino T. C 2H 2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins in Brain Development, Neurodevelopmental, and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Systematic Literature-Based Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32117005 PMCID: PMC7034409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are multifaceted pathologic conditions manifested with intellectual disability, autistic features, psychiatric problems, motor dysfunction, and/or genetic/chromosomal abnormalities. They are associated with skewed neurogenesis and brain development, in part through dysfunction of the neural stem cells (NSCs) where abnormal transcriptional regulation on key genes play significant roles. Recent accumulated evidence highlights C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZNFs), the largest transcription factor family in humans, as important targets for the pathologic processes associated with NDDs. In this review, we identified their significant accumulation (74 C2H2-ZNFs: ~10% of all human member proteins) in brain physiology and pathology. Specifically, we discuss their physiologic contribution to brain development, particularly focusing on their actions in NSCs. We then explain their pathologic implications in various forms of NDDs, such as morphological brain abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. We found an important tendency that poly-ZNFs and KRAB-ZNFs tend to be involved in the diseases that compromise gross brain structure and human-specific higher-order functions, respectively. This may be consistent with their characteristic appearance in the course of species evolution and corresponding contribution to these brain activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njoud Al-Naama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rafah Mackeh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Zarei-Kheirabadi M, Hesaraki M, Kiani S, Baharvand H. In vivo conversion of rat astrocytes into neuronal cells through neural stem cells in injured spinal cord with a single zinc-finger transcription factor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 31842989 PMCID: PMC6916443 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in glial scar formation and irreversible neuronal loss, which finally leads to functional impairments and long-term disability. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Zfp521 reprograms fibroblasts and astrocytes into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). However, it remains unclear whether treatment with Zfp521 also affects endogenous astrocytes, thus promoting further functional recovery following SCI. METHODS Rat astrocytes were transdifferentiated into neural stem cells in vitro by ZFP521 or Sox2. Then, ZFP521 was applied to the spinal cord injury site of a rat. Transduction, real-time PCR, immunohistofluorescence, and function assessments were performed at 6 weeks post-transduction to evaluate improvement and in vivo lineage reprogramming of astrocytes. RESULTS Here, we show that Zfp521 is more efficient in reprogramming cultured astrocytes compared with Sox2. In the injured spinal cord of an adult rat, resident astrocytes can be reprogrammed into neurons through a progenitor stage by Zfp521. Importantly, this treatment improves the functional abilities of the rats as evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and further by calculation of its subscores. There was enhanced locomotor activity in the hind limbs, step length, toe spread, foot length, and paw area. In addition, motor evoked potential recordings demonstrated the functional integrity of the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS These results have indicated that the generation of iNSCs or neurons from endogenous astrocytes by in situ reprogramming might be a potential strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Zarei-Kheirabadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran. .,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 1461968151, Iran.
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38
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Zhang Z, Wei S, Du H, Su Z, Wen Y, Shang Z, Song X, Xu Z, You Y, Yang Z. Zfhx3 is required for the differentiation of late born D1-type medium spiny neurons. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Radhakrishnan S, Trentz OA, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kandasamy M, Sellathamby S. In vitro transdifferentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to neural lineage cells - a stage-specific incidence. Adipocyte 2019; 8:164-177. [PMID: 31033391 PMCID: PMC6768268 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1607424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present Study investigated the intrinsic ability of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their neural transdifferentiation in a stage-specific manner. Woodbury’s Chemical induction was implemented with modifications to achieve neural transdifferentiation. In Group I, ADSCs were preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and later, with neural induction medium (NIM). In Group II, ADSCs were directly treated with NIM. In Group III, a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-azacytidine was applied to understand whether transdifferentiation is controlled by epigenetic marks. Irrespective of the presence of (β-ME), the differentiation protocol resulted in glial-lineage cells. Group III produced poorly -differentiated neural cells with neuron-specific enolase positivity. A neuroprogenitor stage (NPC) was identified at d 11 after induction only in Group I. In other groups, this stage was not morphologically distinct. We explored the stage-specific incidence NPC, by alternatively treating them with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and antioxidants to validate if different signalling could cause varied outcomes (Group IV). They differentiated into neurons, as defined by cell polarity and expression of specific proteins. Meanwhile, neuroprogenitors exposed to NIM (Group I) produced glial-lineage cells. Further refinement and study of the occurrence and terminal differentiation of neuroprogenitors would identify a promising source for neural tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Omana Anna Trentz
- MIOT Institute of Research (MIR), MIOT International, Chennai, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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40
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Boese AC, Hamblin MH, Lee JP. Neural stem cell therapy for neurovascular injury in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113112. [PMID: 31730762 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration leading to severe cognitive decline and eventual death. AD pathophysiology is complex, but neurotoxic accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of Tau are believed to be main drivers of neurodegeneration in AD. The formation and deposition of Aβ plaques occurs in the brain parenchyma as well as in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebrovascular functioning are crucial for clearance of Aβ from the brain, and neurovascular dysfunction may be a critical component of AD development. Further, neuroinflammation and dysfunction of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurorestorative capabilities play a role in AD pathophysiology. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent or restore loss of brain tissue and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Based on multifactorial and complex pathophysiological cascades in multiple Alzheimer's disease stages, effective AD therapies need to focus on targeting early AD pathology and preserving cerebrovascular function. Neural stem cells (NSCs) participate extensively in mammalian brain homeostasis and repair and exhibit pleiotropic intrinsic properties that likely make them attractive candidates for the treatment of AD. In the review, we summarize the current advances in knowledge regarding neurovascular aspects of AD-related neurodegeneration and discuss multiple actions of NSCs from preclinical studies of AD to evaluate their potential for future clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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41
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Li Y, Mao X, Zhou X, Su Y, Zhou X, Shi K, Zhao S. An optimized method for neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 330:108486. [PMID: 31706928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is an excellent model for elucidating the key mechanisms involved in neurogenesis, and also provides an unlimited source of progenitors for cell-based nerve regeneration. However, the existing protocols such as small molecule substances, 3D matrix, co-culture technique and transgenic method, are complicated and difficult to operate, thus are limited by laboratory conditions. Looking for an easy-to-operate protocol with easily gained material and high induction efficiency has always been a hot issue in neuroscience research. NEW METHODS This paper established an optimized method for embryonic neurogenesis using a strategy of "combinatorial screening". In our study, the whole process of embryonic neurogenesis was divided into two phases, and the differentiation efficiency of seven experimental protocols in phase I and three protocols in phase II were systematically evaluated in A2lox and 129 ESCs. RESULTS In phase I differentiation, "2-day embryoid bodies formation + 6-day retinoic acid induction" (Phase I-protocol 3) could effectively induce the differentiation of ESCs into neural precursor cells (NPCs). Furthermore, in phase II, N2B27 medium II (Phase II-protocol 3) could better support the subsequent differentiation from NPCs into neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Such a combinational method (phase I-protocol 3 and phase II-protocol 3) can realize embryonic neurogenesis with high efficiency, easy implementation and low-cost, and is suitable for promotion in most laboratories. CONCLUSIONS Through "combinatorial screening" strategy, we established an optimized method for embryonic neurogenesis in vitro, which is expected to be a powerful tool for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Wuhan Centres for Disease Prevention and Control, 24# Jianghan N. Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China
| | - Xianyi Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Yuting Su
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Kaituo Shi
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China.
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42
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Okawa S, Del Sol A. A general computational approach to predicting synergistic transcriptional cores that determine cell subpopulation identities. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3333-3343. [PMID: 30820550 PMCID: PMC6468312 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing techniques reveal the existence of distinct cell subpopulations. Identification of transcription factors (TFs) that define the identity of these subpopulations poses a challenge. Here, we postulate that identity depends on background subpopulations, and is determined by a synergistic core combination of TFs mainly uniquely expressed in each subpopulation, but also TFs more broadly expressed across background subpopulations. Building on this view, we develop a new computational method for determining such synergistic identity cores of subpopulations within a given cell population. Our method utilizes an information-theoretic measure for quantifying transcriptional synergy, and implements a novel algorithm for searching for optimal synergistic cores. It requires only single-cell RNA-seq data as input, and does not rely on any prior knowledge of candidate genes or gene regulatory networks. Hence, it can be directly applied to any cellular systems, including those containing novel subpopulations. The method is capable of recapitulating known experimentally validated identity TFs in eight published single-cell RNA-seq datasets. Furthermore, some of these identity TFs are known to trigger cell conversions between subpopulations. Thus, this methodology can help design strategies for cell conversion within a cell population, guiding experimentalists in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okawa
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 building, Derio 48160, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
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43
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Evaluating the efficacy of small molecules for neural differentiation of common marmoset ESCs and iPSCs. Neurosci Res 2019; 155:1-11. [PMID: 31586586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) harbors various desired features as a non-human primate (NHP) model for neuroscience research. Recently, efforts have been made to induce neural cells in vitro from marmoset pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are characterized by their capacity to differentiate into all cell types from the three germ layers. Successful generation of marmoset neural cells is not only invaluable for understanding neural development and for modeling neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, but is also necessary for the phenotypic screening of genetically-modified marmosets. However, differences in the differentiation propensity among PSC lines hamper the applicability and the reproducibility of differentiation methods. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated the efficacy of small molecules for neural differentiation of marmoset ESCs (cjESCs) and iPSCs using multiple differentiation methods. By immunochemical and transcriptomic analyses, we confirmed that our methods using the small molecules are efficient for various differentiation protocols by either enhancing the yield of a mixture of neural cells including both neurons and glial cells, or a pure population of neurons. Collectively, our findings optimized in vitro neural differentiation methods for marmoset PSCs, which would ultimately help enhance the utility of the animal model in neuroscience.
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44
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Scicchitano S, Giordano M, Lucchino V, Montalcini Y, Chiarella E, Aloisio A, Codispoti B, Zoppoli P, Melocchi V, Bianchi F, De Smaele E, Mesuraca M, Morrone G, Bond HM. The stem cell-associated transcription co-factor, ZNF521, interacts with GLI1 and GLI2 and enhances the activity of the Sonic hedgehog pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31558698 PMCID: PMC6763495 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ZNF521 is a transcription co-factor with recognized regulatory functions in haematopoietic, osteo-adipogenic and neural progenitor cells. Among its diverse activities, ZNF521 has been implicated in the regulation of medulloblastoma (MB) cells, where the Hedgehog (HH) pathway, has a key role in the development of normal cerebellum and of a substantial fraction of MBs. Here a functional cross-talk is shown for ZNF521 with the HH pathway, where it interacts with GLI1 and GLI2, the major HH transcriptional effectors and enhances the activity of HH signalling. In particular, ZNF521 cooperates with GLI1 and GLI2 in the transcriptional activation of GLI (glioma-associated transcription factor)-responsive promoters. This synergism is dependent on the presence of the N-terminal, NuRD-binding motif in ZNF521, and is sensitive to HDAC (histone deacetylase) and GLI inhibitors. Taken together, these results highlight the role of ZNF521, and its interaction with the NuRD complex, in determining the HH response at the level of transcription. This may be of particular relevance in HH-driven diseases, especially regarding the MBs belonging to the SHH (sonic HH) subgroup where a high expression of ZNF521 is correlated with that of HH pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Giordano
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Tecnologica Research Institute-Marrelli Hospital, 88900, Crotone, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Fondazione IRCCS - Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, (FG), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Fondazione IRCCS - Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, (FG), Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Heather M Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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45
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Yatsuzuka A, Hori A, Kadoya M, Matsuo-Takasaki M, Kondo T, Sasai N. GPR17 is an essential regulator for the temporal adaptation of sonic hedgehog signalling in neural tube development. Development 2019; 146:dev.176784. [PMID: 31444216 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dorsal-ventral pattern formation of the neural tube is regulated by temporal and spatial activities of extracellular signalling molecules. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) assigns ventral neural subtypes via activation of the Gli transcription factors. Shh activity in the neural progenitor cells changes dynamically during differentiation, but the mechanisms regulating this dynamicity are not fully understood. Here, we show that temporal change of intracellular cAMP levels confers the temporal Shh signal, and the purinergic G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17 plays an essential role in this regulation. GPR17 is highly expressed in the ventral progenitor regions of the neural tube and acts as a negative regulator of the Shh signal in chick embryos. Although the activation of the GPR17-related signal inhibits ventral identity, perturbation of Gpr17 expression leads to aberrant expansion of ventral neural domains. Notably, perturbation of Gpr17 expression partially inhibits the negative feedback of Gli activity. Moreover, GPR17 increases cAMP activity, suggesting that it exerts its function by inhibiting the processing of Gli3 protein. GPR17 also negatively regulates Shh signalling in neural cells differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that GPR17 function is conserved among different organisms. Our results demonstrate that GPR17 is a novel negative regulator of Shh signalling in a wide range of cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Yatsuzuka
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Minori Kadoya
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuo-Takasaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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46
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Liu W, Yuan W, Li X, Zhuang J, Mo X, Dai G, Wang Y, Chen J, Wan Y, Li Y, Zhu X, Chen Y, Luo S, Jiang Z, Shi Y, Chen F, Cao L, Ye X, Fan X, Zhu P, Zhang K, Wu X. ZNF424 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation in Lung Carcinoma Cells. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:109-115. [PMID: 29974829 PMCID: PMC6225340 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180705113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previously, we showed that the Zinc finger-containing transcription factor ZNF424 inhibits p21 transcription, which has been widely associated with various cancers. However, because the roles of ZNF424 in tumorigenesis have not been characterized, we correlated ZNF424 expression with tumorigenesis in lung cancer. Results: The present immunohistochemical analyses show significantly lower ZNF424 expression levels in 43 of 60 lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Moreover, flow cytometry assays indicated that overexpression of ZNF424 induces apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells, and overexpression of ZNF424 significantly increases numbers of G1 phase cells and decreases numbers of S phase cells, suggesting that ZNF424 inhibits proliferation. Western Blot analyses show that overexpression of ZNF424 decreases protein expression levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins P-P38 and P-ERK in A549 cells. Conclusion: These are the first data to associate ZNF424 with tumorigenesis and demonstrate an inhibitory role in lung cancer, indicating the potential of ZNF424 expression as a diagnostic marker of lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - W Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xianga School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - J Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - X Mo
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - G Dai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Wang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Y Wan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Li
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Y Chen
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - S Luo
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Z Jiang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Shi
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - F Chen
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - L Cao
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Ye
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Fan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - P Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - K Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - X Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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47
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Ohkubo N, Aoto M, Kon K, Mitsuda N. Lack of zinc finger protein 521 upregulates dopamine β-hydroxylase expression in the mouse brain, leading to abnormal behavior. Life Sci 2019; 231:116559. [PMID: 31200001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previously, we reported that mice deficient in most of the Zfp521 coding region (Zfp521Δ/Δ mice) displayed abnormal behaviors, including hyperlocomotion and lower anxiety. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the involvement and mechanisms of monoamine variation. MAIN METHODS First, we compared the levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin in the brains of Zfp521Δ/Δ and Zfp521+/+ mice using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, we elucidated the mechanisms using quantitative PCR and Western Blotting. Additionally, we administered inhibitory drug to the mice and performed behavioral tests. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that the DA level decreased and the NA level increased in Zfp521Δ/Δ mice. We found that ZFP521 suppresses the expression of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA into NA. We also demonstrated that paired homeodomain transcription factor 2 and early growth response protein-1, which are the transcription factors for Dbh, were involved in the upregulation of Dbh by ZFP521. The administration of nepicastat, a specific inhibitor of DBH, attenuated the abnormal behaviors of Zfp521Δ/Δ mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the lack of ZFP521 upregulates the expression of DBH, which leads to a decrease in the DA level and an increase in the NA level in the brain, resulting in abnormal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Ohkubo
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan..
| | - Mamoru Aoto
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kon
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Noriaki Mitsuda
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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48
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Corsini NS, Peer AM, Moeseneder P, Roiuk M, Burkard TR, Theussl HC, Moll I, Knoblich JA. Coordinated Control of mRNA and rRNA Processing Controls Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:543-558.e12. [PMID: 29625069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-specific transcriptional networks are well known to control pluripotency, but constitutive cellular processes such as mRNA splicing and protein synthesis can add complex layers of regulation with poorly understood effects on cell-fate decisions. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein HTATSF1 controls embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating multiple aspects of RNA processing during ribosome biogenesis. HTATSF1, in a complex with splicing factor SF3B1, controls intron removal from ribosomal protein transcripts and regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and processing, thereby controlling 60S ribosomal abundance and protein synthesis. HTATSF1-dependent protein synthesis is essential for naive pre-implantation epiblast to transition into post-implantation epiblast, a stage with transiently low protein synthesis, and further differentiation toward neuroectoderm. Together, these results identify coordinated regulation of ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis by HTATSF1 and show that this essential mechanism controls protein synthesis during early mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela M Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Moeseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mykola Roiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Theussl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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49
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Chiarella E, Aloisio A, Codispoti B, Nappo G, Scicchitano S, Lucchino V, Montalcini Y, Camarotti A, Galasso O, Greco M, Gasparini G, Mesuraca M, Bond HM, Morrone G. ZNF521 Has an Inhibitory Effect on the Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:901-914. [PMID: 29938352 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors present in the bone marrow stroma and in subcutaneous abdominal fat, an abundant and easily accessible source of MSCs with the ability to differentiate along multiple lineage pathways. The stem cell-associated transcription co-factor Zinc Finger Protein 521 (ZNF521/zfp521) has been implicated in the control of the homeostasis of hematopoietic, neural and osteo-adipogenic progenitors. Here we document through the analysis of a panel of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), that ZNF521 strongly inhibits the generation of mature adipocytes. Enforced overexpression of ZNF521 in these cells resulted in a significant delay and reduction in adipocyte differentiation upon exposure to inducers of adipogenesis. Of particular relevance, ZNF521 was able to inhibit the expression of ZNF423, recently identified as an essential commitment factor necessary for the generation of pre-adipocytes. Conversely, silencing of ZNF521 was found to significantly enhance the adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Inhibition of adipogenesis by ZNF521 was at least in part due to inhibition of EBF1. Taken together, these results confirm a role for ZNF521 as a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation of hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Tecnologica Research Institute- Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giovanna Nappo
- UCSF Hellen Diller Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Olimpio Galasso
- Department of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manfredi Greco
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gasparini
- Department of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Heather Mandy Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Zarei-Kheirabadi M, Hesaraki M, Shojaei A, Kiani S, Baharvand H. Generation of neural stem cells from adult astrocytes by using a single reprogramming factor. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18697-18706. [PMID: 30912162 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Generating neural stem cells (NSCs) from astroglia as an abundant cell type in the mammalian brain has a promising outlook to be used in cell-replacement therapy for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and neuronal trauma. However, little is known about a single reprogramming factor that may lead to the generation of induced NSCs (iNSCs) from adult brain-derived astrocytes in the absence of extrinsic inductive signals. Here, we show that zinc-finger nuclear protein Zfp521 alone is sufficient for converting the adult mouse brain-derived astrocytes into iNSCs. In vitro, Zfp521-iNSCs demonstrated long-term self-renewal and multipotency and expressed related markers. Moreover, single-seeded iNSCs were able to produce NSC colonies. These results suggest that application of Zfp521 to generate iNSCs could be regarded as a new approach for conversion of resident astrocytes into iNSCs in cell therapy for in vivo treatment of neural injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Zarei-Kheirabadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hesaraki
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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