1
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Luo L, Yan T, Yang L, Zhao M. Aluminum chloride and D-galactose induced a zebrafish model of Alzheimer's disease with cognitive deficits and aging. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2230-2239. [PMID: 38827230 PMCID: PMC11140485 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Transgenic and pharmacological AD models are extensively studied to understand AD mechanisms and drug discovery. However, they are time-consuming and relatively costly, which hinders the discovery of potential anti-AD therapeutics. Here, we established a new model of AD in larval zebrafish by co-treatment with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and D-galactose (D-gal) for 72 h. In particular, exposure to 150 μM AlCl3 + 40 mg/mL D-gal, 200 μM AlCl3 + 30 mg/mL D-gal, or 200 μM AlCl3 + 40 mg/mL D-gal successfully induced AD-like symptoms and aging features. Co-treatment with AlCl3 and D-gal caused significant learning and memory deficits, as well as impaired response ability and locomotor capacity in the plus-maze and light/dark test. Moreover, increased acetylcholinesterase and β-galactosidase activities, β-amyloid 1-42 deposition, reduced telomerase activity, elevated interleukin 1 beta mRNA expression, and enhanced reactive oxygen species production were also observed. In conclusion, our zebrafish model is simple, rapid, effective and affordable, incorporating key features of AD and aging, thus may become a unique and powerful tool for high-throughput screening of anti-AD compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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2
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Brombin A, Patton EE. Melanocyte lineage dynamics in development, growth and disease. Development 2024; 151:dev201266. [PMID: 39092608 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Melanocytes evolved to produce the melanin that gives colour to our hair, eyes and skin. The melanocyte lineage also gives rise to melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. The melanocyte lineage differentiates from neural crest cells during development, and most melanocytes reside in the skin and hair, where they are replenished by melanocyte stem cells. Because the molecular mechanisms necessary for melanocyte specification, migration, proliferation and differentiation are co-opted during melanoma initiation and progression, studying melanocyte development is directly relevant to human disease. Here, through the lens of advances in cellular omic and genomic technologies, we review the latest findings in melanocyte development and differentiation, and how these developmental pathways become dysregulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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3
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Zhan T, Song W, Jing G, Yuan Y, Kang N, Zhang Q. Zebrafish live imaging: a strong weapon in anticancer drug discovery and development. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1807-1835. [PMID: 38514602 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing anticancer drugs is a complex and time-consuming process. The inability of current laboratory models to reflect important aspects of the tumor in vivo limits anticancer medication research. Zebrafish is a rapid, semi-automated in vivo screening platform that enables the use of non-invasive imaging methods to monitor morphology, survival, developmental status, response to drugs, locomotion, or other behaviors. Zebrafish models are widely used in drug discovery and development for anticancer drugs, especially in conjunction with live imaging techniques. Herein, we concentrated on the use of zebrafish live imaging in anticancer therapeutic research, including drug screening, efficacy assessment, toxicity assessment, and mechanism studies. Zebrafish live imaging techniques have been used in numerous studies, but this is the first time that these techniques have been comprehensively summarized and compared side by side. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of Zebrafish Composite Model, which may provide future directions for zebrafish imaging in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqian Song
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Jing
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Lu Y, Travnickova J, Badonyi M, Rambow F, Coates A, Khan Z, Marques J, Murphy LC, Garcia-Martinez P, Marais R, Louphrasitthiphol P, Chan AHY, Schofield CJ, von Kriegsheim A, Marsh JA, Pavet V, Sansom OJ, Illingworth RS, Patton EE. ALDH1A3-acetaldehyde metabolism potentiates transcriptional heterogeneity in melanoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114406. [PMID: 38963759 PMCID: PMC11290356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cellular heterogeneity and therapy resistance arise substantially from metabolic and transcriptional adaptations, but how these are interconnected is poorly understood. Here, we show that, in melanoma, the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) forms an enzymatic partnership with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase 2 (ACSS2) in the nucleus to couple high glucose metabolic flux with acetyl-histone H3 modification of neural crest (NC) lineage and glucose metabolism genes. Importantly, we show that acetaldehyde is a metabolite source for acetyl-histone H3 modification in an ALDH1A3-dependent manner, providing a physiologic function for this highly volatile and toxic metabolite. In a zebrafish melanoma residual disease model, an ALDH1-high subpopulation emerges following BRAF inhibitor treatment, and targeting these with an ALDH1 suicide inhibitor, nifuroxazide, delays or prevents BRAF inhibitor drug-resistant relapse. Our work reveals that the ALDH1A3-ACSS2 couple directly coordinates nuclear acetaldehyde-acetyl-CoA metabolism with specific chromatin-based gene regulation and represents a potential therapeutic vulnerability in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mihaly Badonyi
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Florian Rambow
- Department of Applied Computational Cancer Research, Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Coates
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Zaid Khan
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jair Marques
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Laura C Murphy
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pablo Garcia-Martinez
- Insitute of Genetics and Cancer, The Univeristy of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Oncodrug Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alex H Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 5JJ, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 5JJ, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valeria Pavet
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, CRUK Scotland Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, CRUK Scotland Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Robert S Illingworth
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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5
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DeRatt LG, Zhang Z, Pietsch C, Cisar JS, Zhang X, Wang W, Tanner A, Matico R, Shaffer P, Jacoby E, Kazmi F, Shukla N, Bush TL, Patrick A, Philippar U, Attar R, Edwards JP, Kuduk SD. Discovery of JNJ-74856665: A Novel Isoquinolinone DHODH Inhibitor for the Treatment of AML. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11254-11272. [PMID: 38889244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease of the blood and bone marrow, is characterized by the inability of myeloblasts to differentiate into mature cell types. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme well-known in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and preclinical findings demonstrated that DHODH is a metabolic vulnerability in AML as inhibitors can induce differentiation across multiple AML subtypes. As a result of virtual screening and structure-based drug design approaches, a novel series of isoquinolinone DHODH inhibitors was identified. Further lead optimization afforded JNJ-74856665 as an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective DHODH inhibitor with favorable physicochemical properties selected for clinical development in patients with AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christine Pietsch
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Justin S Cisar
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Weixue Wang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Alexandra Tanner
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Rosalie Matico
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Edgar Jacoby
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Faraz Kazmi
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Neetu Shukla
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tammy L Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Aaron Patrick
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Attar
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James P Edwards
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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6
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Lalonde RL, Wells HH, Kemmler CL, Nieuwenhuize S, Lerma R, Burger A, Mosimann C. pIGLET: Safe harbor landing sites for reproducible and efficient transgenesis in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6603. [PMID: 38838146 PMCID: PMC11152119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Standard zebrafish transgenesis involves random transgene integration with resource-intensive screening. While phiC31 integrase-based attP/attB recombination has streamlined transgenesis in mice and Drosophila, validated attP-based landing sites for universal applications are lacking in zebrafish. Here, we developed phiC31 Integrase Genomic Loci Engineered for Transgenesis (pIGLET) as transgenesis approach, with two attP landing sites pIGLET14a and pIGLET24b from well-validated Tol2 transgenes. Both sites facilitate diverse transgenesis applications including reporters and Cre/loxP transgenes. The pIGLET14a and pIGLET24b landing sites consistently yield 25 to 50% germline transmission, substantially reducing the resources needed for transgenic line generation. Transgenesis into these sites enables reproducible expression patterns in F0 zebrafish embryos for enhancer discovery and testing of gene regulatory variants. Together, our new landing sites streamline targeted, reproducible zebrafish transgenesis as a robust platform for various applications while minimizing the workload for generating transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassie L. Kemmler
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raymundo Lerma
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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7
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El Mir J, Nasrallah A, Thézé N, Cario M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Thiébaud P, Rezvani HR. Xenopus as a model system for studying pigmentation and pigmentary disorders. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38849973 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Human pigmentary disorders encompass a broad spectrum of phenotypic changes arising from disruptions in various stages of melanocyte formation, the melanogenesis process, or the transfer of pigment from melanocytes to keratinocytes. A large number of pigmentation genes associated with pigmentary disorders have been identified, many of them awaiting in vivo confirmation. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pigmentary disorders requires a vertebrate animal model where changes in pigmentation are easily observable in vivo and can be combined to genomic modifications and gain/loss-of-function tools. Here we present the amphibian Xenopus with its unique features that fulfill these requirements. Changes in pigmentation are particularly easy to score in Xenopus embryos, allowing whole-organism based phenotypic screening. The development and behavior of Xenopus melanocytes closely mimic those observed in mammals. Interestingly, both Xenopus and mammalian skins exhibit comparable reactions to ultraviolet radiation. This review highlights how Xenopus constitutes an alternative and complementary model to the more commonly used mouse and zebrafish, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in melanocyte cell biology and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joudi El Mir
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ali Nasrallah
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadine Thézé
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
- Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Thiébaud
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid-Reza Rezvani
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
- Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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8
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Silvius KM, Kendall GC. A Robust Closed-Tube Method for Resolving tp53M214K Genotypes. Zebrafish 2024; 21:250-254. [PMID: 38386541 PMCID: PMC11296207 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The tp53M214K zebrafish mutant is a versatile platform with which to model a diverse spectrum of human diseases. However, currently available genotyping methods for this mutant require lengthy hands-on processes such as restriction digests and outsourced Sanger sequencing. To address this deficiency, we leveraged high-resolution melting analysis technology in conjunction with a parallel, in-tandem wild-type spike-in approach to develop a robust genotyping protocol capable of discriminating tp53M214K zygosity. In this study, we describe our method in detail. We anticipate that our genotyping protocol will benefit researchers utilizing the tp53M214K zebrafish mutant by offering reliable results with a shorter turnaround time, lower personnel involvement, and higher throughput than traditional methods, thereby decreasing the burden of genotyping and maximizing research efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Silvius
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Genevieve C. Kendall
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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9
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Do BT, Hsu PP, Vermeulen SY, Wang Z, Hirz T, Abbott KL, Aziz N, Replogle JM, Bjelosevic S, Paolino J, Nelson SA, Block S, Darnell AM, Ferreira R, Zhang H, Milosevic J, Schmidt DR, Chidley C, Harris IS, Weissman JS, Pikman Y, Stegmaier K, Cheloufi S, Su XA, Sykes DB, Vander Heiden MG. Nucleotide depletion promotes cell fate transitions by inducing DNA replication stress. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00327-7. [PMID: 38823395 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Control of cellular identity requires coordination of developmental programs with environmental factors such as nutrient availability, suggesting that perturbing metabolism can alter cell state. Here, we find that nucleotide depletion and DNA replication stress drive differentiation in human and murine normal and transformed hematopoietic systems, including patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenografts. These cell state transitions begin during S phase and are independent of ATR/ATM checkpoint signaling, double-stranded DNA break formation, and changes in cell cycle length. In systems where differentiation is blocked by oncogenic transcription factor expression, replication stress activates primed regulatory loci and induces lineage-appropriate maturation genes despite the persistence of progenitor programs. Altering the baseline cell state by manipulating transcription factor expression causes replication stress to induce genes specific for alternative lineages. The ability of replication stress to selectively activate primed maturation programs across different contexts suggests a general mechanism by which changes in metabolism can promote lineage-appropriate cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Do
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peggy P Hsu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Rogel Cancer Center and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sidney Y Vermeulen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Najihah Aziz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stefan Bjelosevic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Paolino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha A Nelson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Block
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihem Cheloufi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiaofeng A Su
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Nakahara M, Watanabe S, Sato M, Okumura H, Kawatani M, Osada H, Hara K, Hashimoto H, Watanabe K. Structural and Functional Analyses of Inhibition of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase by Antiviral Furocoumavirin. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1241-1245. [PMID: 38724483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are important sources of seed compounds for drug discovery. However, it has become difficult in recent years to discover new compounds with valuable pharmacological activities. On the other hand, among the vast number of natural products that have been isolated so far, a considerable number of compounds with specific biological activities are thought to be overlooked in screening that uses biological activity as an index. Therefore, it is conceivable that such overlooked useful compounds may be found by screening compound libraries that have been amassed previously through specific assays. Previously, NPD723, a member of the Natural Products Depository library comprised of a mixture of natural and non-natural products developed at RIKEN, and its metabolite H-006 were found to inhibit growth of various cancer cells at low nanomolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Subsequent analysis revealed that H-006 strongly inhibited human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Here, we elucidated the crystal structure of the DHODH-flavin mononucleotide-orotic acid-H-006 complex at 1.7 Å resolution to determine that furocoumavirin, the S-enantiomer of H-006, was the actual inhibitor. The overall mode of interaction of furocoumavirin with the inhibitor binding pocket was similar to that described for previously reported tight-binding inhibitors. However, the structural information together with kinetic characterizations of site-specific mutants identified key unique features that are considered to contribute to the sub-nanomolar inhibition of DHODH by furocoumavirin. Our finding identified new chemical features that could improve the design of human DHODH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Nakahara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kodai Hara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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11
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Xiao B, Landesman-Bollag E, Feng H. What value do zebrafish have to anticancer drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:369-375. [PMID: 38327017 PMCID: PMC10950524 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2313454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Esther Landesman-Bollag
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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12
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Van Lent J, Baggiolini A. Harmony in chaos: understanding cancer through the lenses of developmental biology. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:793-796. [PMID: 38282579 PMCID: PMC10994237 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
When we think about cancer, the link to development might not immediately spring to mind. Yet, many foundational concepts in cancer biology trace their roots back to developmental processes. Several defining traits of cancer were indeed initially observed and studied within developing embryos. As our comprehension of embryonic mechanisms deepens, it not only illuminates how and why cancer cells hijack these processes but also spearheads the emergence of innovative technologies for modeling and comprehending tumor biology. Among these technologies are stem cell-based models, made feasible through our grasp of fundamental mechanisms related to embryonic development. The intersection between cancer and stem cell research is evolving into a tangible synergy that extends beyond the concepts of cancer stem cells and cell-of-origin, offering novel tools to unravel the mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Lent
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR)Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+)Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera ItalianaLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR)Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+)Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera ItalianaLuganoSwitzerland
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13
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Wang F, Fu K, Wang Y, Pan C, Wang X, Liu Z, Yang C, Zheng Y, Li X, Lu Y, To KKW, Xia C, Zhang J, Shi Z, Hu Z, Huang M, Fu L. Small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:905-952. [PMID: 38486980 PMCID: PMC10935485 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, exemplified by the remarkable clinical benefits of the immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is revolutionizing cancer therapy. They induce long-term tumor regression and overall survival benefit in many types of cancer. With the advances in our knowledge about the tumor immune microenvironment, remarkable progress has been made in the development of small-molecule drugs for immunotherapy. Small molecules targeting PRR-associated pathways, immune checkpoints, oncogenic signaling, metabolic pathways, cytokine/chemokine signaling, and immune-related kinases have been extensively investigated. Monotherapy of small-molecule immunotherapeutic drugs and their combinations with other antitumor modalities are under active clinical investigations to overcome immune tolerance and circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. Here, we review the latest development of small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy by targeting defined pathways and highlighting their progress in recent clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Can Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Kenneth Kin Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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14
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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15
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Gehlot P, Vyas VK. A Patent Review of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (hDHODH) Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents and their Other Therapeutic Applications (1999-2022). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:280-297. [PMID: 37070439 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230417094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, are in high demand of pyrimidine nucleotides for their proliferation, accomplished by de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) enzyme plays a vital role in the rate-limiting step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. As a recognised therapeutic target, hDHODH plays a significant role in cancer and other illness. In the past two decades, small molecules as inhibitors hDHODH enzyme have drawn much attention as anticancer agents, and their role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this patent review, we have compiled patented hDHODH inhibitors published between 1999 and 2022 and discussed the development of hDHODH inhibitors as anticancer agents. Therapeutic potential of small molecules as hDHODH inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, is very well recognised. Human DHODH inhibitors can rapidly cause intracellular uridine monophosphate (UMP) depletion to produce starvation of pyrimidine bases. Normal cells can better endure a brief period of starvation without the side effects of conventional cytotoxic medication and resume synthesis of nucleic acid and other cellular functions after inhibition of de novo pathway using an alternative salvage pathway. Highly proliferative cells such as cancer cells do not endure starvation because they are in high demand of nucleotides for cell differentiation, which is fulfilled by de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition, hDHODH inhibitors produce their desired activity at lower doses rather than a cytotoxic dose of other anticancer agents. Thus, inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis will create new prospects for the development of novel targeted anticancer agents, which ongoing preclinical and clinical experiments define. Our work brings together a comprehensive patent review of the role of hDHODH in cancer, as well as various patents related to the hDHODH inhibitors and their anticancer and other therapeutic potential. This compiled work on patented DHODH inhibitors will guide researchers in pursuing the most promising drug discovery strategies against the hDHODH enzyme as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gehlot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujrat, India
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16
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Lalonde RL, Wells HH, Kemmler CL, Nieuwenhuize S, Lerma R, Burger A, Mosimann C. pIGLET: Safe harbor landing sites for reproducible and efficient transgenesis in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570868. [PMID: 38106217 PMCID: PMC10723424 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Standard methods for transgenesis in zebrafish depend on random transgene integration into the genome followed by resource-intensive screening and validation. Targeted vector integration into validated genomic loci using phiC31 integrase-based attP/attB recombination has transformed mouse and Drosophila transgenesis. However, while the phiC31 system functions in zebrafish, validated loci carrying attP-based landing or safe harbor sites suitable for universal transgenesis applications in zebrafish have not been established. Here, using CRISPR-Cas9, we converted two well-validated single insertion Tol2-based zebrafish transgenes with long-standing genetic stability into two attP landing sites, called phiC31 Integrase Genomic Loci Engineered for Transgenesis (pIGLET). Generating fluorescent reporters, loxP-based Switch lines, CreERT2 drivers, and gene-regulatory variant reporters in the pIGLET14a and pIGLET24b landing site alleles, we document their suitability for transgenesis applications across cell types and developmental stages. For both landing sites, we routinely achieve 25-50% germline transmission of targeted transgene integrations, drastically reducing the number of required animals and necessary resources to generate individual transgenic lines. We document that phiC31 integrase-based transgenesis into pIGLET14a and pIGLET24b reproducibly results in representative reporter expression patterns in injected F0 zebrafish embryos suitable for enhancer discovery and qualitative and quantitative comparison of gene-regulatory element variants. Taken together, our new phiC31 integrase-based transgene landing sites establish reproducible, targeted zebrafish transgenesis for numerous applications while greatly reducing the workload of generating new transgenic zebrafish lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Harrison H. Wells
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cassie L. Kemmler
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raymundo Lerma
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Zhao S, Francois A, Kidane D. Inhibition of DHODH Enhances Replication-Associated Genomic Instability and Promotes Sensitivity in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5727. [PMID: 38136273 PMCID: PMC10741824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States. De novo pyrimidine synthesis pathways generate nucleotides that are required for DNA synthesis. Approximately 38% of human endometrial tumors present with an overexpression of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). However, the role of DHODH in cancer cell DNA replication and its impact on modulating a treatment response is currently unknown. Here, we report that endometrial tumors with overexpression of DHODH are associated with a high mutation count and chromosomal instability. Furthermore, tumors with an overexpression of DHODH show significant co-occurrence with mutations in DNA replication polymerases, which result in a histologically high-grade endometrial tumor. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that the inhibition of DHODH in endometrial cancer cell lines significantly induced replication-associated DNA damage and hindered replication fork progression. Furthermore, endometrial cancer cells were sensitive to the DHODH inhibitor either alone or in combination with the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitor. Our findings may have important clinical implications for utilizing DHODH as a potential target to enhance cytotoxicity in high-grade endometrial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. R1800, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Aaliyah Francois
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. R1800, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. R1800, Austin, TX 78723, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street N.W., Washington, DC 20059, USA
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18
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Godoy PM, Oyedeji A, Mudd JL, Morikis VA, Zarov AP, Longmore GD, Fields RC, Kaufman CK. Functional analysis of recurrent CDC20 promoter variants in human melanoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1216. [PMID: 38030698 PMCID: PMC10686982 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleotide variants in non-coding regions of the genome can alter transcriptional regulation, leading to changes in gene expression which can activate oncogenic gene regulatory networks. Melanoma is heavily burdened by non-coding variants, representing over 99% of total genetic variation, including the well-characterized TERT promoter mutation. However, the compendium of regulatory non-coding variants is likely still functionally under-characterized. We developed a pipeline to identify hotspots, i.e. recurrently mutated regions, in melanoma containing putatively functional non-coding somatic variants that are located within predicted melanoma-specific regulatory regions. We identified hundreds of statistically significant hotspots, including the hotspot containing the TERT promoter variants, and focused on a hotspot in the promoter of CDC20. We found that variants in the promoter of CDC20, which putatively disrupt an ETS motif, lead to lower transcriptional activity in reporter assays. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated an indel in the CDC20 promoter in human A375 melanoma cell lines and observed decreased expression of CDC20, changes in migration capabilities, increased growth of xenografts, and an altered transcriptional state previously associated with a more proliferative and less migratory state. Overall, our analysis prioritized several recurrent functional non-coding variants that, through downregulation of CDC20, led to perturbation of key melanoma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Godoy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abimbola Oyedeji
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacqueline L Mudd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vasilios A Morikis
- Departments of Medicine (Oncology) and Cell Biology and Physiology and the ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna P Zarov
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Medicine (Oncology) and Cell Biology and Physiology and the ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Freke GM, Martins T, Davies RJ, Beyer T, Seda M, Peskett E, Haq N, Prasai A, Otto G, Jeyabalan Srikaran J, Hernandez V, Diwan GD, Russell RB, Ueffing M, Huranova M, Boldt K, Beales PL, Jenkins D. De-Suppression of Mesenchymal Cell Identities and Variable Phenotypic Outcomes Associated with Knockout of Bbs1. Cells 2023; 12:2662. [PMID: 37998397 PMCID: PMC10670506 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an archetypal ciliopathy caused by dysfunction of primary cilia. BBS affects multiple tissues, including the kidney, eye and hypothalamic satiety response. Understanding pan-tissue mechanisms of pathogenesis versus those which are tissue-specific, as well as gauging their associated inter-individual variation owing to genetic background and stochastic processes, is of paramount importance in syndromology. The BBSome is a membrane-trafficking and intraflagellar transport (IFT) adaptor protein complex formed by eight BBS proteins, including BBS1, which is the most commonly mutated gene in BBS. To investigate disease pathogenesis, we generated a series of clonal renal collecting duct IMCD3 cell lines carrying defined biallelic nonsense or frameshift mutations in Bbs1, as well as a panel of matching wild-type CRISPR control clones. Using a phenotypic screen and an unbiased multi-omics approach, we note significant clonal variability for all assays, emphasising the importance of analysing panels of genetically defined clones. Our results suggest that BBS1 is required for the suppression of mesenchymal cell identities as the IMCD3 cell passage number increases. This was associated with a failure to express epithelial cell markers and tight junction formation, which was variable amongst clones. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamic preparations from BBS mutant mice, as well as BBS patient fibroblasts, suggested that dysregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes is a general predisposing feature of BBS across tissues. Collectively, this work suggests that the dynamic stability of the BBSome is essential for the suppression of mesenchymal cell identities as epithelial cells differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Mercedes Freke
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Tiago Martins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Rosalind Jane Davies
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Tina Beyer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Marian Seda
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Emma Peskett
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Naila Haq
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Avishek Prasai
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic (M.H.)
| | - Georg Otto
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Jeshmi Jeyabalan Srikaran
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Victor Hernandez
- Life Sciences Department, CHMLS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Gaurav D. Diwan
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.D.D.); (R.B.R.)
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.D.D.); (R.B.R.)
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic (M.H.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
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20
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Finotto L, Cole B, Giese W, Baumann E, Claeys A, Vanmechelen M, Decraene B, Derweduwe M, Dubroja Lakic N, Shankar G, Nagathihalli Kantharaju M, Albrecht JP, Geudens I, Stanchi F, Ligon KL, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Harrington K, Van Den Bosch L, De Vleeschouwer S, De Smet F, Gerhardt H. Single-cell profiling and zebrafish avatars reveal LGALS1 as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18144. [PMID: 37791581 PMCID: PMC10630887 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most malignant primary brain tumor, with a median survival rarely exceeding 2 years. Tumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive microenvironment are key factors contributing to the poor response rates of current therapeutic approaches. GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) often exhibit immunosuppressive features that promote tumor progression. However, their dynamic interactions with GBM tumor cells remain poorly understood. Here, we used patient-derived GBM stem cell cultures and combined single-cell RNA sequencing of GAM-GBM co-cultures and real-time in vivo monitoring of GAM-GBM interactions in orthotopic zebrafish xenograft models to provide insight into the cellular, molecular, and spatial heterogeneity. Our analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity across GBM patients in GBM-induced GAM polarization and the ability to attract and activate GAMs-features that correlated with patient survival. Differential gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry on original tumor samples, and knock-out experiments in zebrafish subsequently identified LGALS1 as a primary regulator of immunosuppression. Overall, our work highlights that GAM-GBM interactions can be studied in a clinically relevant way using co-cultures and avatar models, while offering new opportunities to identify promising immune-modulating targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Finotto
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Basiel Cole
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth Baumann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Annelies Claeys
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maxime Vanmechelen
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Brecht Decraene
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marleen Derweduwe
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nikolina Dubroja Lakic
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gautam Shankar
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Madhu Nagathihalli Kantharaju
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Philipp Albrecht
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Ilse Geudens
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Fabio Stanchi
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Center for Neuro‐oncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kyle Harrington
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Chan Zuckerberg InitiativeRedwood CityCAUSA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of NeurobiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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21
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Shinzawa K, Matsumoto S, Sada R, Harada A, Saitoh K, Kato K, Ikeda S, Hirayama A, Yokoi K, Tanemura A, Nimura K, Ikawa M, Soga T, Kikuchi A. GREB1 isoform 4 is specifically transcribed by MITF and required for melanoma proliferation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3142-3156. [PMID: 37658191 PMCID: PMC10575781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) is involved in hormone-dependent and -independent tumor development (e.g., hepatoblastoma). In this study, we found that a GREB1 splicing variant, isoform 4 (Is4), which encodes C-terminal half of full-length GREB1, is specifically expressed via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytic melanoma, and that two MITF-binding E-box CANNTG motifs at the 5'-upstream region of GREB1 exon 19 are necessary for GREB1 Is4 transcription. MITF and GREB1 Is4 were strongly co-expressed in approximately 20% of the melanoma specimens evaluated (17/89 cases) and their expression was associated with tumor thickness. GREB1 Is4 silencing reduced melanoma cell proliferation in association with altered expression of cell proliferation-related genes in vitro. In addition, GREB1 Is4 targeting by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) decreased melanoma xenograft tumor formation and GREB1 Is4 expression in a BRAFV600E; PTENflox melanoma mouse model promoted melanoma formation, demonstrating the crucial role of GREB1 Is4 for melanoma proliferation in vivo. GREB1 Is4 bound to CAD, the rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine metabolism, and metabolic flux analysis revealed that GREBI Is4 is necessary for pyrimidine synthesis. These results suggest that MITF-dependent GREB1 Is4 expression leads to melanoma proliferation and GREB1 Is4 represents a new molecular target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Shinzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Jassim A, Rahrmann EP, Simons BD, Gilbertson RJ. Cancers make their own luck: theories of cancer origins. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:710-724. [PMID: 37488363 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been a leading cause of death for decades. This dismal statistic has increased efforts to prevent the disease or to detect it early, when treatment is less invasive, relatively inexpensive and more likely to cure. But precisely how tissues are transformed continues to provoke controversy and debate, hindering cancer prevention and early intervention strategies. Various theories of cancer origins have emerged, including the suggestion that it is 'bad luck': the inevitable consequence of random mutations in proliferating stem cells. In this Review, we discuss the principal theories of cancer origins and the relative importance of the factors that underpin them. The body of available evidence suggests that developing and ageing tissues 'walk a tightrope', retaining adequate levels of cell plasticity to generate and maintain tissues while avoiding overstepping into transformation. Rather than viewing cancer as 'bad luck', understanding the complex choreography of cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that characterize transformation holds promise to discover effective new ways to prevent, detect and stop cancer before it becomes incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jassim
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric P Rahrmann
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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KAWATANI MAKOTO, AONO HARUMI, HIRANUMA SAYOKO, SHIMIZU TAKESHI, MUROI MAKOTO, NOGAWA TOSHIHIKO, OHISHI TOMOKAZU, OHBA SHUNICHI, KAWADA MANABU, YAMAZAKI KANAMI, DAN SHINGO, DOHMAE NAOSHI, OSADA HIROYUKI. Identification of a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor that inhibits cancer cell growth by proteomic profiling. Oncol Res 2023; 31:833-844. [PMID: 37744270 PMCID: PMC10513951 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a central enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and is a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. This study presents the identification of a potent DHODH inhibitor by proteomic profiling. Cell-based screening revealed that NPD723, which is reduced to H-006 in cells, strongly induces myeloid differentiation and inhibits cell growth in HL-60 cells. H-006 also suppressed the growth of various cancer cells. Proteomic profiling of NPD723-treated cells in ChemProteoBase showed that NPD723 was clustered with DHODH inhibitors. H-006 potently inhibited human DHODH activity in vitro, whereas NPD723 was approximately 400 times less active than H-006. H-006-induced cell death was rescued by the addition of the DHODH product orotic acid. Moreover, metabolome analysis revealed that H-006 treatment promotes marked accumulation of the DHODH substrate dihydroorotic acid. These results suggest that NPD723 is reduced in cells to its active metabolite H-006, which then targets DHODH and suppresses cancer cell growth. Thus, H-006-related drugs represent a potentially powerful treatment for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAKOTO KAWATANI
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - HARUMI AONO
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - SAYOKO HIRANUMA
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TAKESHI SHIMIZU
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - MAKOTO MUROI
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TOSHIHIKO NOGAWA
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TOMOKAZU OHISHI
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - SHUN-ICHI OHBA
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - MANABU KAWADA
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - KANAMI YAMAZAKI
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - SHINGO DAN
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - NAOSHI DOHMAE
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - HIROYUKI OSADA
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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24
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Chong ZX, Yong CY, Ong AHK, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2023; 495:153596. [PMID: 37480978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent receptor that belongs to the superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The activation of the canonical AHR signaling pathway is known to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, facilitating the detoxification metabolism in the human body. Additionally, AHR could interact with various signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor ekappa B (NF-κβ), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. Over the past 30 years, several studies have reported that various chemical, physical, or biological agents, such as tobacco, hydrocarbon compounds, industrial and agricultural chemical wastes, drugs, UV, viruses, and other toxins, could affect AHR expression or activity, promoting cancer development. Thus, it is valuable to overview how these factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis. Current findings have reported that many compounds could act as AHR ligands to drive the expressions of AHR-target genes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MMPs, and AXL, and other targets that exert a pro-proliferation or anti-apoptotic effect, like XIAP. Furthermore, some other physical and chemical agents, such as UV and 3-methylcholanthrene, could promote AHR signaling activities, increasing the signaling activities of a few oncogenic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways. Understanding how various factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes helps clinicians and scientists plan personalized therapeutic strategies to improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy. As many studies that have reported the roles of AHR in regulating carcinogenesis are preclinical or observational clinical studies that did not explore the detailed mechanisms of how different chemical, physical, or biological agents promote AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes, future studies should focus on conducting large-scale and functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanism of how AHR interacts with different factors in regulating carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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25
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Liu X, Ni Y, Wang D, Ye S, Yang M, Sun X, Leung AYH, Li R. Unraveling the whole genome DNA methylation profile of zebrafish kidney marrow by Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Sci Data 2023; 10:532. [PMID: 37563176 PMCID: PMC10415270 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a widely used model organism for investigating human diseases, including hematopoietic disorders. However, a comprehensive methylation baseline for zebrafish primary hematopoietic organ, the kidney marrow (KM), is still lacking. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to profile DNA methylation in zebrafish KM by generating four KM datasets, with two groups based on the presence or absence of red blood cells. Our findings revealed that blood contamination in the KM samples reduced read quality and altered methylation patterns. Compared with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), the ONT-based methylation profiling can cover more CpG sites (92.4% vs 70%-80%), and exhibit less GC bias with more even genomic coverage. And the ONT methylation calling results showed a high correlation with WGBS results when using shared sites. This study establishes a comprehensive methylation profile for zebrafish KM, paving the way for further investigations into epigenetic regulation and the development of targeted therapies for hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Silin Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- ZeBlast Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anskar Yu Hung Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- ZeBlast Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Shi DD, Savani MR, Abdullah KG, McBrayer SK. Emerging roles of nucleotide metabolism in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:624-635. [PMID: 37173188 PMCID: PMC10967252 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides are substrates for multiple anabolic pathways, most notably DNA and RNA synthesis. Since nucleotide synthesis inhibitors began to be used for cancer therapy in the 1950s, our understanding of how nucleotides function in tumor cells has evolved, prompting a resurgence of interest in targeting nucleotide metabolism for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss recent advances that challenge the idea that nucleotides are mere building blocks for the genome and transcriptome and highlight ways that these metabolites support oncogenic signaling, stress resistance, and energy homeostasis in tumor cells. These findings point to a rich network of processes sustained by aberrant nucleotide metabolism in cancer and reveal new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana D Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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27
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Dash SN, Patnaik L. Flight for fish in drug discovery: a review of zebrafish-based screening of molecules. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220541. [PMID: 37528729 PMCID: PMC10394424 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human disease and biological practices are modelled in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at various phases of drug development as well as toxicity evaluation. The zebrafish is ideal for in vivo pathological research and high-resolution investigation of disease progress. Zebrafish has an advantage over other mammalian models, it is cost-effective, it has external development and embryo transparency, easy to apply genetic manipulations, and open to both forward and reverse genetic techniques. Drug screening in zebrafish is suitable for target identification, illness modelling, high-throughput screening of compounds for inhibition or prevention of disease phenotypes and developing new drugs. Several drugs that have recently entered the clinic or clinical trials have their origins in zebrafish. The sophisticated screening methods used in zebrafish models are expected to play a significant role in advancing drug development programmes. This review highlights the current developments in drug discovery processes, including understanding the action of drugs in the context of disease and screening novel candidates in neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, glomerulopathies and cancer. Additionally, it summarizes the current techniques and approaches for the selection of small molecules and current technical limitations on the execution of zebrafish drug screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjya Narayan Dash
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 2. Viikinkaari, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5D, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lipika Patnaik
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Zoology, COE in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 751003, Odisha, India
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Yang K, Fu LM, Chu XY, Zhang J, Chen WQ, Yan YS, Wang YP, Zhang DL, Yin CH, Guo Q. Assessment of a novel variation in DHODH gene causing Miller syndrome: The first report in Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023:e2186. [PMID: 37120754 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miller syndrome is a rare type of postaxial acrofacial dysostosis caused by biallelic mutations in the DHODH gene, which is characterized mainly by craniofacial malformations of micrognathia, orofacial clefts, cup-shaped ears, and malar hypoplasia, combined with postaxial limb deformities like the absence of fifth digits. METHODS In this study, a prenatal case with multiple orofacial-limb abnormities was enrolled, and a thorough clinical and imaging examination was performed. Subsequently, genetic detection with karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. In vitro splicing analysis was also conducted to clarify the impact of one novel variant. RESULTS The affected fetus displayed typical manifestations of Miller syndrome, and WES identified a diagnostic compound heterozygous variation in DHODH, consisting of two variants: exon(1-3)del and c.819 + 5G > A. We conducted a further in vitro validation with minigene system, and the result indicated that the c.819 + 5G > A variant would lead to an exon skipping in mRNA splicing. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided with the first exonic deletion and first splice site variant in DHODH, which expanded the mutation spectrum of Miller syndrome and offered reliable evidence for genetic counseling to the affected family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Man Fu
- Ultrasonic Department, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - You-Sheng Yan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Yin
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Davalos V, Lovell CD, Von Itter R, Dolgalev I, Agrawal P, Baptiste G, Kahler DJ, Sokolova E, Moran S, Piqué L, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Fontanals-Cirera B, Karz A, Tsirigos A, Yun C, Darvishian F, Etchevers HC, Osman I, Esteller M, Schober M, Hernando E. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1867. [PMID: 37015919 PMCID: PMC10073109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 - isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-binding domain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanoma progression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard Von Itter
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gillian Baptiste
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Piqué
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Barbara Fontanals-Cirera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chi Yun
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Schober
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York Grossman University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Gull M, Schmitt SM, Kälin RE, Brändli AW. Screening of Chemical Libraries Using Xenopus Embryos and Tadpoles for Phenotypic Drug Discovery. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:098269-pdb.prot. [PMID: 36180216 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot098269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic drug discovery assesses the effect of small molecules on the phenotype of cells, tissues, or whole organisms without a priori knowledge of the target or pathway. Using vertebrate embryos instead of cell-based assays has the advantage that the screening of small molecules occurs in the context of the complex biology and physiology of the whole organism. Fish and amphibians are the only classes of vertebrates with free-living larvae amenable to high-throughput drug screening in multiwell dishes. For both animal classes, particularly zebrafish and Xenopus, husbandry requirements are straightforward, embryos can be obtained in large numbers, and they develop ex utero so their development can be monitored easily with a dissecting microscope. At 350 million years, the evolutionary distance between amphibians and humans is significantly shorter than that between fish and humans, which is estimated at 450 million years. This increases the likelihood that drugs discovered by screening in amphibian embryos will be active in humans. Here, we describe the basic protocol for the medium- to high-throughput screening of chemical libraries using embryos of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis Bioactive compounds are identified by observing phenotypic changes in whole embryos and tadpoles. In addition to the discovery of compounds with novel bioactivities, the phenotypic screening protocol also allows for the identification of compounds with in vivo toxicity, eliminating early hits that are poor drug candidates. We also highlight important considerations for designing chemical screens, choosing chemical libraries, and performing secondary screens using whole mount in situ hybridization or immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Gull
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan M Schmitt
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - André W Brändli
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a key hallmark of cancer cells, and the augmented synthesis and use of nucleotide triphosphates is a critical and universal metabolic dependency of cancer cells across different cancer types and genetic backgrounds. Many of the aggressive behaviours of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, immune evasion and metastasis, rely heavily on augmented nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, most of the known oncogenic drivers upregulate nucleotide biosynthetic capacity, suggesting that this phenotype is a prerequisite for cancer initiation and progression. Despite the wealth of data demonstrating the efficacy of nucleotide synthesis inhibitors in preclinical cancer models and the well-established clinical use of these drugs in certain cancer settings, the full potential of these agents remains unrealized. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have generated mechanistic insights into the diverse biological roles of hyperactive cancer cell nucleotide metabolism. We explore opportunities for combination therapies that are highlighted by these recent advances and detail key questions that remain to be answered, with the goal of informing urgently warranted future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mullen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Li D, Lu X, Xu G, Liu S, Gong Z, Lu F, Xia X, Jiang J, Wang H, Zou F, Ma X. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase regulates ferroptosis in neurons after spinal cord injury via the P53-ALOX15 signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36942513 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling condition in spinal surgery that leads to neuronal damage and secondary inflammation. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic type of cell death that has only recently been identified, which is marked primarily by iron-dependent and lipid-derived reactive oxygen species accumulation, and accompanied by morphological modifications such as mitochondrial atrophy and increase in membrane density. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a powerful inhibitor of ferroptosis and has been demonstrated to inhibit cellular ferroptosis in tumor cells, but whether it can inhibit neuronal injury following spinal cord injury remains ambiguous. METHODS In this study, the effect of DHODH on neuronal ferroptosis was observed in vivo and in vitro using a rat spinal cord injury model and erastin-induced PC12 cells, respectively. A combination of molecular and histological approaches was performed to assess ferroptosis and explore the possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS First, we confirmed the existence of neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury and that DHODH attenuates neuronal damage after spinal cord injury. Second, we showed molecular evidence that DHODH inhibits the activation of ferroptosis-related molecules and reduces lipid peroxide production and mitochondrial damage, thereby reducing neuronal ferroptosis. Further analysis suggests that P53/ALOX15 may be one of the mechanisms regulated by DHODH. Importantly, we determined that DHODH inhibits ALOX15 expression by inhibiting P53. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel function for DHODH in neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury, suggesting a unique therapeutic target to alleviate the disease process of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhou Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Panlilio JM, Hammar KM, Aluru N, Hahn ME. Developmental exposure to domoic acid targets reticulospinal neurons and leads to aberrant myelination in the spinal cord. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2587. [PMID: 36788234 PMCID: PMC9929266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) produce neurotoxins that affect human health. Developmental exposure of zebrafish embryos to the HAB toxin domoic acid (DomA) causes myelin defects, loss of reticulospinal neurons, and behavioral deficits. However, it is unclear whether DomA primarily targets myelin sheaths, leading to the loss of reticulospinal neurons, or reticulospinal neurons, causing myelin defects. Here, we show that while exposure to DomA at 2 dpf did not reduce the number of oligodendrocyte precursors prior to myelination, it led to fewer myelinating oligodendrocytes that produced shorter myelin sheaths and aberrantly wrapped neuron cell bodies. DomA-exposed larvae lacked Mauthner neurons prior to the onset of myelination, suggesting that axonal loss is not secondary to myelin defects. The loss of the axonal targets may have led oligodendrocytes to inappropriately myelinate neuronal cell bodies. Consistent with this, GANT61, a GLI1/2 inhibitor that reduces oligodendrocyte number, caused a reduction in aberrantly myelinated neuron cell bodies in DomA-exposed fish. Together, these results suggest that DomA initially alters reticulospinal neurons and the loss of axons causes aberrant myelination of nearby cell bodies. The identification of initial targets and perturbed cellular processes provides a mechanistic understanding of how DomA alters neurodevelopment, leading to structural and behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Panlilio
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering, Cambridge, USA.
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - Katherine M Hammar
- Central Microscopy Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Silvius KM, Kendall GC. A robust closed-tube method for resolving tp53 M214K genotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524903. [PMID: 36747876 PMCID: PMC9900746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The tp53 M214K zebrafish mutant developed by Berghmans et al 2005 1 is a versatile platform with which to model a diverse spectrum of human diseases. However, currently available genotyping methods for this mutant require lengthy processes such as restriction digests and outsourced Sanger sequencing. To address this deficiency, we leveraged high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) technology in conjunction with a parallel, in-tandem wildtype spike-in approach to develop a robust genotyping protocol capable of discriminating tp53 M214K zygosity. Here, we describe our method in detail. We anticipate that our genotyping protocol will benefit researchers utilizing the tp53 M214K zebrafish mutant by offering reliable results with a faster turnaround time than conventional approaches.
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Suresh S, Rabbie R, Garg M, Lumaquin D, Huang TH, Montal E, Ma Y, Cruz NM, Tang X, Nsengimana J, Newton-Bishop J, Hunter MV, Zhu Y, Chen K, de Stanchina E, Adams DJ, White RM. Identifying the Transcriptional Drivers of Metastasis Embedded within Localized Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:194-215. [PMID: 36259947 PMCID: PMC9827116 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In melanoma, predicting which tumors will ultimately metastasize guides treatment decisions. Transcriptional signatures of primary tumors have been utilized to predict metastasis, but which among these are driver or passenger events remains unclear. We used data from the adjuvant AVAST-M trial to identify a predictive gene signature in localized tumors that ultimately metastasized. Using a zebrafish model of primary melanoma, we interrogated the top genes from the AVAST-M signature in vivo. This identified GRAMD1B, a cholesterol transfer protein, as a bona fide metastasis suppressor, with a majority of knockout animals rapidly developing metastasis. Mechanistically, excess free cholesterol or its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol promotes invasiveness via activation of an AP-1 program, which is associated with increased metastasis in humans. Our data demonstrate that the transcriptional seeds of metastasis are embedded within localized tumors, suggesting that early targeting of these programs can be used to prevent metastatic relapse. SIGNIFICANCE We analyzed human melanoma transcriptomics data to identify a gene signature predictive of metastasis. To rapidly test clinical signatures, we built a genetic metastasis platform in adult zebrafish and identified GRAMD1B as a suppressor of melanoma metastasis. GRAMD1B-associated cholesterol overload activates an AP-1 program to promote melanoma invasion. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roy Rabbie
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Manik Garg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Lumaquin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Ting-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily Montal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yilun Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xinran Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miranda V. Hunter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Chen
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Li X, Li M. The application of zebrafish patient-derived xenograft tumor models in the development of antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:212-236. [PMID: 36029178 DOI: 10.1002/med.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cost of antitumor drug development is enormous, yet the clinical outcomes are less than satisfactory. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective drug screening methods that enable accurate, rapid, and high-throughput discovery of lead compounds in the process of preclinical antitumor drug research. An effective solution is to use the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor animal models, which are applicable for the elucidation of tumor pathogenesis and the preclinical testing of novel antitumor compounds. As a promising screening model organism, zebrafish has been widely applied in the construction of the PDX tumor model and the discovery of antineoplastic agents. Herein, we systematically survey the recent cutting-edge advances in zebrafish PDX models (zPDX) for studies of pathogenesis mechanisms and drug screening. In addition, the techniques used in the construction of zPDX are summarized. The advantages and limitations of the zPDX are also discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of zPDX in drug discovery, translational medicine, and clinical precision medicine treatment are well presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Pal S, Sharma A, Mathew SP, Jaganathan BG. Targeting cancer-specific metabolic pathways for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955476. [PMID: 36618350 PMCID: PMC9815821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various genetic and phenotypic aberrations. Cancer cells undergo genetic modifications that promote their proliferation, survival, and dissemination as the disease progresses. The unabated proliferation of cancer cells incurs an enormous energy demand that is supplied by metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to provide for increased energy and metabolite requirement; these alterations also help drive the tumor progression. Dysregulation in glucose uptake and increased lactate production via "aerobic glycolysis" were described more than 100 years ago, and since then, the metabolic signature of various cancers has been extensively studied. However, the extensive research in this field has failed to translate into significant therapeutic intervention, except for treating childhood-ALL with amino acid metabolism inhibitor L-asparaginase. Despite the growing understanding of novel metabolic alterations in tumors, the therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific dysregulations has largely been ineffective in clinical trials. This chapter discusses the major pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids and highlights the inter-twined nature of metabolic aberrations that promote tumorigenesis in different types of cancer. Finally, we summarise the therapeutic interventions which can be used as a combinational therapy to target metabolic dysregulations that are unique or common in blood, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sam Padalumavunkal Mathew
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Bithiah Grace Jaganathan,
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Michielon E, de Gruijl TD, Gibbs S. From simplicity to complexity in current melanoma models. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1818-1836. [PMID: 36103206 PMCID: PMC10092692 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent impressive clinical success of immunotherapy against melanoma, development of primary and adaptive resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a major issue in a large number of treated patients. This highlights the need for melanoma models that replicate the tumor's intricate dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated immune suppression to study possible resistance mechanisms in order to improve current and test novel therapeutics. While two-dimensional melanoma cell cultures have been widely used to perform functional genomics screens in a high-throughput fashion, they are not suitable to answer more complex scientific questions. Melanoma models have also been established in a variety of experimental (humanized) animals. However, due to differences in physiology, such models do not fully represent human melanoma development. Therefore, fully human three-dimensional in vitro models mimicking melanoma cell interactions with the TME are being developed to address this need for more physiologically relevant models. Such models include melanoma organoids, spheroids, and reconstructed human melanoma-in-skin cultures. Still, while major advances have been made to complement and replace animals, these in vitro systems have yet to fully recapitulate human tumor complexity. Lastly, technical advancements have been made in the organ-on-chip field to replicate functions and microstructures of in vivo human tissues and organs. This review summarizes advancements made in understanding and treating melanoma and specifically aims to discuss the progress made towards developing melanoma models, their applications, limitations, and the advances still needed to further facilitate the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Michielon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim DH, Kim JS, Mok CS, Chang EH, Choi J, Lim J, Kim CH, Park AR, Bae YJ, Koo BS, Lee HC. dTMP imbalance through thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase activity induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20027. [PMID: 36414668 PMCID: PMC9681768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has a number of advantages over traditional anti-tumor therapy but can cause severe adverse reactions due to an overactive immune system. In contrast, a novel metabolic treatment approach can induce metabolic vulnerability through multiple cancer cell targets. Here, we show a therapeutic effect by inducing nucleotide imbalance and apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), by treating with cytosolic thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase (CT). We show that a sustained consumption of dTMP by CT could induce dNTP imbalance, leading to apoptosis as tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were depleted to mitigate this imbalance. These cytotoxic effects appeared to be different, depending on substrate specificity of the 5' nucleotide or metabolic dependency of the cancer cell lines. Using representative TNBC cell lines, we reveal how the TNBC cells were affected by CT-transfection through extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)/oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis and differential transcription/expression levels. We suggest a novel approach for treating refractory TNBC by an mRNA drug that can exploit metabolic dependencies to exacerbate cell metabolic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ho Kim
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea ,grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea ,grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Kim
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Mok
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - En-Hyung Chang
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsub Lim
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bong-Seong Koo
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee
- Research Center, BPgene Co, Ltd, Seoul, 03127 Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Kang L, Dai X, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang M, Jiang H, Wang X, Bu S, Liu X, Zhang G, Tang H. Manganese induces tumor cell ferroptosis through type-I IFN dependent inhibition of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:202-212. [PMID: 36228830 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides to lethal levels, which is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Manganese play an important role in innate immunity and antitumor immunity. Many manganese-based nanomaterials induce tumor cell death by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tumor. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As research on ferroptosis advances and its regulatory mechanisms in tumors continue to be refined, more evidence has suggested that triggering ferroptosis in tumor cells is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. In this study, we found that administration of MnCl2 to tumor cells resulted in lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of mitochondrial ROS, consequently leading to ferroptosis. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-mediated ferroptosis defence is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. We show that MnCl2 downregulated DHODH expression in tumor cells, resulting in increased mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis. In addition, MnCl2 enhanced the phosphorylation levels of STING, TBK1, and IRF3 and upregulated the expression of type-I interferon (IFN), produced by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. When inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway or type-I IFN, DHODH expression was restored, reversing lipid peroxidation and ROS production and rescuing MnCl2-induced ferroptosis.. Knockout of IFNAR1 or overexpression of DHODH weakens the antitumor effect of MnCl2. Mechanistically, these results revealed that Manganese treatment-activated cGAS-STING signaling promote mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ROS production by releasing type-I IFNs that reduce DHODH function and thereby inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells. This may provide a new strategy to complement existing antitumor treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 271000, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junlan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huantong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suqin Bu
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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41
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Identification of environmental factors that promote intestinal inflammation. Nature 2022; 611:801-809. [PMID: 36266581 PMCID: PMC9898826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified risk loci linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)1-a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The increasing prevalence of IBD in industrialized countries and the augmented disease risk observed in migrants who move into areas of higher disease prevalence suggest that environmental factors are also important determinants of IBD susceptibility and severity2. However, the identification of environmental factors relevant to IBD and the mechanisms by which they influence disease has been hampered by the lack of platforms for their systematic investigation. Here we describe an integrated systems approach, combining publicly available databases, zebrafish chemical screens, machine learning and mouse preclinical models to identify environmental factors that control intestinal inflammation. This approach established that the herbicide propyzamide increases inflammation in the small and large intestine. Moreover, we show that an AHR-NF-κB-C/EBPβ signalling axis operates in T cells and dendritic cells to promote intestinal inflammation, and is targeted by propyzamide. In conclusion, we developed a pipeline for the identification of environmental factors and mechanisms of pathogenesis in IBD and, potentially, other inflammatory diseases.
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42
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Motofei IG. Biology of cancer; from cellular and molecular mechanisms to developmental processes and adaptation. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:600-615. [PMID: 34695580 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer research has been largely focused on the cellular and molecular levels of investigation. Recent data show that not only the cell but also the extracellular matrix plays a major role in the progression of malignancy. In this way, the cells and the extracellular matrix create a specific local microenvironment that supports malignant development. At the same time, cancer implies a systemic evolution which is closely related to developmental processes and adaptation. Consequently, there is currently a real gap between the local investigation of cancer at the microenvironmental level, and the pathophysiological approach to cancer as a systemic disease. In fact, the cells and the matrix are not only complementary structures but also interdependent components that act synergistically. Such relationships lead to cell-matrix integration, a supracellular form of biological organization that supports tissue development. The emergence of this supracellular level of organization, as a structure, leads to the emergence of the supracellular control of proliferation, as a supracellular function. In humans, proliferation is generally involved in developmental processes and adaptation. These processes suppose a specific configuration at the systemic level, which generates high-order guidance for local supracellular control of proliferation. In conclusion, the supracellular control of proliferation act as an interface between the downstream level of cell division and differentiation, and upstream level of developmental processes and adaptation. Understanding these processes and their disorders is useful not only to complete the big picture of malignancy as a systemic disease, but also to open new treatment perspectives in the form of etiopathogenic (supracellular or informational) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion G Motofei
- Department of Oncology/ Surgery, Carol Davila University, St. Pantelimon Hospital, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.
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43
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Pal S, Kaplan JP, Nguyen H, Stopka SA, Savani MR, Regan MS, Nguyen QD, Jones KL, Moreau LA, Peng J, Dipiazza MG, Perciaccante AJ, Zhu X, Hunsel BR, Liu KX, Alexandrescu S, Drissi R, Filbin MG, McBrayer SK, Agar NYR, Chowdhury D, Haas-Kogan DA. A druggable addiction to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:957-972.e10. [PMID: 35985342 PMCID: PMC9575661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a uniformly fatal pediatric cancer driven by oncohistones that do not readily lend themselves to drug development. To identify druggable targets for DMG, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen that reveals a DMG selective dependency on the de novo pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. This metabolic vulnerability reflects an elevated rate of uridine/uracil degradation that depletes DMG cells of substrates for the alternate salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. A clinical stage inhibitor of DHODH (rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway) diminishes uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP) pools, generates DNA damage, and induces apoptosis through suppression of replication forks-an "on-target" effect, as shown by uridine rescue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectroscopy imaging demonstrates that this DHODH inhibitor (BAY2402234) accumulates in the brain at therapeutically relevant concentrations, suppresses de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in vivo, and prolongs survival of mice bearing intracranial DMG xenografts, highlighting BAY2402234 as a promising therapy against DMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jakub P Kaplan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Kristen L Jones
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Lisa A Moreau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marina G Dipiazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Perciaccante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bradley R Hunsel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 104, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Olsen TK, Dyberg C, Embaie BT, Alchahin A, Milosevic J, Ding J, Otte J, Tümmler C, Hed Myrberg I, Westerhout EM, Koster J, Versteeg R, Ding HF, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Sykes DB, Baryawno N. DHODH is an independent prognostic marker and potent therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153836. [PMID: 35943801 PMCID: PMC9798925 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive therapy, children with high-risk neuroblastoma are at risk of treatment failure. We applied a multiomic system approach to evaluate metabolic vulnerabilities in human neuroblastoma. We combined metabolomics, CRISPR screening, and transcriptomic data across more than 700 solid tumor cell lines and identified dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a critical enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis, as a potential treatment target. Of note, DHODH inhibition is currently under clinical investigation in patients with hematologic malignancies. In neuroblastoma, DHODH expression was identified as an independent risk factor for aggressive disease, and high DHODH levels correlated to worse overall and event-free survival. A subset of tumors with the highest DHODH expression was associated with a dismal prognosis, with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. In xenograft and transgenic neuroblastoma mouse models treated with the DHODH inhibitor brequinar, tumor growth was dramatically reduced, and survival was extended. Furthermore, brequinar treatment was shown to reduce the expression of MYC targets in 3 neuroblastoma models in vivo. A combination of brequinar and temozolomide was curative in the majority of transgenic TH-MYCN neuroblastoma mice, indicating a highly active clinical combination therapy. Overall, DHODH inhibition combined with temozolomide has therapeutic potential in neuroblastoma, and we propose this combination for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thale Kristin Olsen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Dyberg
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bethel Tesfai Embaie
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adele Alchahin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane Ding
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jörg Otte
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Conny Tümmler
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Hed Myrberg
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen M. Westerhout
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Per Kogner
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Kumbhar P, Kole K, Yadav T, Bhavar A, Waghmare P, Bhokare R, Manjappa A, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Dua K, Salawi A, Disouza J, Patravale V. Drug repurposing: An emerging strategy in alleviating skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175031. [PMID: 35580707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. Several million people are estimated to have affected with this condition worldwide. Skin cancer generally includes melanoma and non-melanoma with the former being the most dangerous. Chemotherapy has been one of the key therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of skin cancer, especially in advanced stages of the disease. It could be also used as an adjuvant with other treatment modalities depending on the type of skin cancer. However, there are several shortfalls associated with the use of chemotherapy such as non-selectivity, tumour resistance, life-threatening toxicities, and the exorbitant cost of medicines. Furthermore, new drug discovery is a lengthy and costly process with minimal likelihood of success. Thus, drug repurposing (DR) has emerged as a new avenue where the drug approved formerly for the treatment of one disease can be used for the treatment of another disease like cancer. This approach is greatly beneficial over the de novo approach in terms of time and cost. Moreover, there is minimal risk of failure of repurposed therapeutics in clinical trials. There are a considerable number of studies that have reported on drugs repurposed for the treatment of skin cancer. Thus, the present manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates for the efficient treatment of skin cancers mainly melanoma and its oncogenic subtypes, and non-melanoma. The prospects of repurposing phytochemicals against skin cancer are also discussed. Furthermore, repurposed drug delivery via topical route and repurposed drugs in clinical trials are briefed. Based on the findings from the reported studies discussed in this manuscript, drug repurposing emerges to be a promising approach and thus is expected to offer efficient treatment at a reasonable cost in devitalizing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Tejashree Yadav
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Ashwini Bhavar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Pramod Waghmare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Rajdeep Bhokare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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46
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Hristova DM, Fukumoto T, Takemori C, Gao L, Hua X, Wang JX, Li L, Beqiri M, Watters A, Vultur A, Gimie Y, Rebecca V, Samarkina A, Jimbo H, Nishigori C, Zhang J, Cheng C, Wei Z, Somasundaram R, Fukunaga-Kalabis M, Herlyn M. NUMB as a Therapeutic Target for Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1882-1892.e5. [PMID: 34883044 PMCID: PMC9704357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The upregulation of the adaptor protein NUMB triggers melanocytic differentiation from multipotent skin stem cells, which share many properties with aggressive melanoma cells. Although NUMB acts as a tumor suppressor in various human cancer types, little is known about its role in melanoma. In this study, we investigated the role of NUMB in melanoma progression and its regulatory mechanism. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma datasets revealed that high NUMB expression in melanoma tissues correlates with improved patient survival. Moreover, NUMB expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma cells. NUMB knockdown significantly increased the invasion potential of melanoma cells in a three-dimensional collagen matrix in vitro and in the lungs of a mouse model in vivo; it also significantly upregulated the expression of the NOTCH target gene CCNE. Previous studies suggested that Wnt signaling increases NUMB expression. By mimicking Wnt stimulation through glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition, we increased NUMB expression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor reduced the invasion of melanoma cells in a NUMB-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that NUMB suppresses invasion and metastasis in melanoma, potentially through its regulation of the NOTCH‒CCNE axis and that the inhibitors that upregulate NUMB can exert therapeutic effects in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Takemori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Le Gao
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xia Hua
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua X Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Li
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Adina Vultur
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yusra Gimie
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vito Rebecca
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Haruki Jimbo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chaoran Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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47
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Pardo-Sánchez I, García-Moreno D, Mulero V. Zebrafish Models to Study the Crosstalk between Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071277. [PMID: 35883768 PMCID: PMC9311651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. In the early stages of melanoma, when the malignant cells have not spread to lymph nodes, they can be removed by simple surgery and there is usually low recurrence. Melanoma has a high mortality rate due to its ability to metastasize; once melanoma has spread, it becomes a major health complication. For these reasons, it is important to study how healthy melanocytes transform into melanoma cells, how they interact with the immune system, which mechanisms they use to escape immunosurveillance, and, finally, how they spread and colonize other tissues, metastasizing. Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma, but it is not yet clear under which conditions they are beneficial or detrimental. Models capable of studying the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the early steps of melanocyte transformation are urgently needed, as they are expected to help recognize premetastatic lesions in patients by improving both early detection and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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48
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Russo I, Sartor E, Fagotto L, Colombo A, Tiso N, Alaibac M. The Zebrafish model in dermatology: an update for clinicians. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35713744 PMCID: PMC9206045 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the zebrafish has been established as one of the most important model organisms for medical research. Several studies have proved that there is a high level of similarity between human and zebrafish genomes, which encourages the use of zebrafish as a model for understanding human genetic disorders, including cancer. Interestingly, zebrafish skin shows several similarities to human skin, suggesting that this model organism is particularly suitable for the study of neoplastic and inflammatory skin disorders. This paper appraises the specific characteristics of zebrafish skin and describes the major applications of the zebrafish model in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Emma Sartor
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Fagotto
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Colombo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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49
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Zewail M, E Gaafar PM, Ali MM, Abbas H. Lipidic cubic-phase leflunomide nanoparticles (cubosomes) as a potential tool for breast cancer management. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1663-1674. [PMID: 35616281 PMCID: PMC9154769 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2079770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact of availability of several treatments for breast cancer, most of them fail to attain the desired therapeutic response due to their poor bioavailability, high doses, non-selectivity and as a result systemic toxicity. Here in an attempt made to study the transdermal effect of leflunomide (LEF) against breast cancer. In order to improve the poor physicochemical properties of LEF, it was loaded into cubosomes. Cubosomes were prepared by the emulsification method. Colloidal characteristics of cubosomes including particle size, ζ-potential, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release profile and ex-vivo permeation were studied. In addition, morphology, stability, cytotoxicity and cell uptake in MDA-MB-231 cell line were carried out for the selected cubosomal formulation. The selected LEF loaded cubosomal formulation showed a small particle size (168 ± 1.08) with narrow size distribution (PI 0.186 ± 0.125) and negative ζ potential (–25.5 ± 0.98). Its Entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 93.2% and showed sustained release profile that extended for 24 h. The selected formulation showed stability when stored at 25 °C for three months in terms of size and EE%. TEM images illustrated the cubic structure of the cubosome. Cell culture results revealed the superiority of LEF cubosomes compared to LEF suspension in their cytotoxic effects with an IC50 close to that of doxorubicin. Furthermore, LEF cell uptake was significantly higher for LEF cubosomes. This may be attributed to the effect of nano-encapsulation on enhancing drug pharmacological effects and uptake indicating the potential usefulness of LEF cubosomes for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Zewail
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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50
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Brunsdon H, Brombin A, Peterson S, Postlethwait JH, Patton EE. Aldh2 is a lineage-specific metabolic gatekeeper in melanocyte stem cells. Development 2022; 149:275182. [PMID: 35485397 PMCID: PMC9188749 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) in zebrafish serve as an on-demand source of melanocytes during growth and regeneration, but metabolic programs associated with their activation and regenerative processes are not well known. Here, using live imaging coupled with scRNA-sequencing, we discovered that, during regeneration, quiescent McSCs activate a dormant embryonic neural crest transcriptional program followed by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) 2 metabolic switch to generate progeny. Unexpectedly, although ALDH2 is well known for its aldehyde-clearing mechanisms, we find that, in regenerating McSCs, Aldh2 activity is required to generate formate – the one-carbon (1C) building block for nucleotide biosynthesis – through formaldehyde metabolism. Consequently, we find that disrupting the 1C cycle with low doses of methotrexate causes melanocyte regeneration defects. In the absence of Aldh2, we find that purines are the metabolic end product sufficient for activated McSCs to generate progeny. Together, our work reveals McSCs undergo a two-step cell state transition during regeneration, and that the reaction products of Aldh2 enzymes have tissue-specific stem cell functions that meet metabolic demands in regeneration. Summary: In zebrafish melanocyte regeneration, quiescent McSCs respond by re-expressing a neural crest identity, followed by an Aldh2-dependent metabolic switch to generate progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samuel Peterson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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