1
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Intelli AJ, Wayment CZ, Lee RT, Yuan K, Altman RA. Palladium and copper co-catalyzed chloro-arylation of gem-difluorostyrenes - use of a nitrite additive to suppress β-F elimination. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04939j. [PMID: 39386912 PMCID: PMC11456958 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The installation of fluorine and fluorinated functional groups in organic molecules perturbs the physicochemical properties of those molecules and enables the development of new therapeutics, agrichemicals, biological probes and materials. However, current synthetic methodologies cannot access some fluorinated functional groups and fluorinated scaffolds. One such group, the gem-difluorobenzyl motif, might be convergently synthesized by reacting a nucleophilic aryl precursor and an electrophilic gem-difluoroalkene. Previous attempts have relied on forming unstable anionic or organometallic intermediates that rapidly decompose through a β-F elimination process to deliver monofluorovinyl products. In contrast, we report a fluorine-retentive palladium and copper co-catalyzed chloro-arylation of gem-difluorostyrenes that takes advantage of a nitrite (NO2 -) additive to avoid the favorable β-F elimination pathway that forms monofluorinated products, instead delivering difluorinated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Intelli
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Coriantumr Z Wayment
- James Tarpo Jr and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Ryan T Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey 08854 USA
| | - Kedong Yuan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 China
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- James Tarpo Jr and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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2
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Motornov V, Ackermann L. Well-Defined Highly-Coordinated Copper(III) Iodide and Pincer Tris(trifluoromethyl)copper Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401791. [PMID: 38976449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Copper(III) iodide and bromide complexes representing a unique combination of highly-coordinated metal and soft polarizable anions were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray crystallography. Ligand substitution in well-defined highly-coordinated copper complex PyCu(CF3)3 with pincer ligands was achieved to give formally octahedral copper(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Motornov
- Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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3
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Ai HJ, Kim ST, Liu C, Buchwald SL. Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides under Mild Reaction Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25949-25955. [PMID: 39283164 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a mild method for the copper-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides. Key to the success of the method was the use of highly sterically encumbered N1,N2-diaryl diamine ligands which resist catalyst deactivation, allowing reactions to proceed at significantly lower temperatures and with a broader scope than current protocols. A sequence of highly chemoselective C-N and C-O cross-coupling reactions were demonstrated, and mechanistic studies indicate that oxidative addition of the Cu catalyst to the aryl chlorides is rate-limiting. We anticipate that the design principles disclosed herein will help motivate further advances in Cu-catalyzed transformations of aryl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cecilia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Meléndez-González PC, Fuentez-Torres MO, Sánchez-Castro ME, Alonso-Lemus IL, Escobar-Morales B, Pech-Rodríguez WJ, Napporn TW, Rodríguez-Varela FJ. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Pd Nanocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells by Functionalizing Vulcan XC-72 with Cu Organometallic Compounds. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:20071-20084. [PMID: 39296863 PMCID: PMC11406490 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The most widely used support in low-temperature fuel cell applications is the commercially available Vulcan XC-72. Herein, we report its functionalization with the home-obtained mesityl copper (Cu-mes) and Cu coordinate (Cu(dmpz)L2) organometallic compounds. Pd nanoparticles are anchored on the supports obtaining Pd/CCu-mes, Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2, and Pd/C (on nonfunctionalized support). The polarization curves of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) show that Pd/CCu-mes and Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 promote the reaction at a more negative onset potential, i.e., E onset = 0.38 V/reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), compared to 0.41 V/RHE of Pd/C. The mass current density (j m) delivered by Pd/CCu-mes is considerably higher (1231.3 mA mgPd -1), followed by Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 (1001.8 mA mgPd -1), and Pd/C (808.3 mA mgPd -1). The enhanced performance of Pd/CCu-mes and Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 for the EOR (and tolerance to CO poisoning) is attributed to a shift of their d-band center toward more negative values, compared to Pd/C, because of the formation of PdCu alloyed phases arising from the functionalization. In addition, laboratory-scale tests of the anion exchange membrane-direct ethanol fuel cell assembled with Pd/CCu-mes show the highest open circuit voltage (OCV = 0.60 V) and cell power density (P cell = 0.14 mW cm-2). As a result of its high catalytic activity, Pd/CCu-mes can find application as an anode nanocatalyst in AEM-DEFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Meléndez-González
- Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
| | - M O Fuentez-Torres
- Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
| | - M E Sánchez-Castro
- Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
- Sustentabilidad de Los Recursos Naturales y Energía, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
| | - I L Alonso-Lemus
- CONAHCYT-Cinvestav Saltillo, Sustentabilidad de Los Recursos Naturales y Energía, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo. Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe. Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
| | - B Escobar-Morales
- CONAHCyT, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Energía Renovable, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97200, México
| | - W J Pech-Rodríguez
- Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Tamaulipas, Av. Nuevas Tecnologías 5902, Cd Victoria, Tamaulipas C.P. 87138, México
| | - Teko W Napporn
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, ⟨⟨Equipe SAMCat⟩⟩, 4, Rue Michel Brunet, B27, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 09 86073, France
| | - F J Rodríguez-Varela
- Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
- Sustentabilidad de Los Recursos Naturales y Energía, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P 25900, México
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5
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Wu H, Fujii T, Wang Q, Zhu J. Quaternary Carbon Editing Enabled by Sequential Palladium Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21239-21244. [PMID: 39052260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral functionalization of a quaternary carbon via C(sp3)-H bond activation has made significant progress in recent years. However, direct editing of a quaternary carbon through Csp3-Csp3 bond cleavage and refunctionalization of nonstrained acyclic molecules remain underexploited. Herein we report a reaction in which a methyl group attached to a quaternary carbon is shifted to its neighboring secondary carbon with concurrent oxidation of the quaternary C-C single bond to the C═C double bond. Specifically, morpholinyl amide of 2,2-dimethyl alkanoic acids is converted to 2-methylene-3-methyl alkanoic acid derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium acetate, Selectfluor and sodium carbonate. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a sequence of selective C(sp3)-H activation of the methyl group, oxidation of the resulting C(sp3)-PdII to PdIV intermediate followed by unprecedented 1,3-PdIV migration, 1,2-methyl/PdIV dyotropic rearrangement and finally, β-Hydride elimination. In this domino process, palladium migrates successively from the primary to the secondary and finally to the quaternary carbon, leading to the concurrent functionalization of a primary, a secondary, and a quaternary carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Takuji Fujii
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Qiao B, Lin FY, Fu D, Li SJ, Zhang T, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into facilitating reductive elimination from Ni(II) species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8008-8019. [PMID: 39005163 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reductive elimination is a key step in Ni-catalysed cross-couplings, which is often considered to result in new covalent bonds. Due to the weak oxidizing ability of Ni(II) species, reductive eliminations from Ni(II) centers are challenging. A thorough mechanistic understanding of this process could inspire the rational design of Ni-catalysed coupling reactions. In this article, we give an overview of recent advances in the mechanistic study of reductive elimination from Ni(II) species achieved by our group. Three possible models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species were investigated and discussed, including direct reductive elimination, electron density-controlled reductive elimination, and oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Notably, the direct reductive elimination from Ni(II) species often requires a high activation energy in some cases. In contrast, the electron density-controlled and oxidation-induced reductive elimination pathways can significantly enhance the driving force for reductive elimination, accelerating the formation of new covalent bonds. The intricate reaction mechanisms for each of these pathways are thoroughly discussed and systematically summarized in this paper. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qiao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fa-You Lin
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451162, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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7
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Su Z, Song M, Li H, Song X, Feng Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Yang H, Li X, Zhang Y, Jing Y, Hu P. Prestrain Guided Yield of Large Single-Crystal Nickel Foils with High-Index Facets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400248. [PMID: 38742698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-crystal metal foils with high-index facets are currently being investigated owing to their potential application in the epitaxial growth of high-quality van der Waals film materials, electrochemical catalysis, gas sensing, and other fields. However, the controllable synthesis of large single-crystal metal foils with high-index facets remains a great challenge because high-index facets with high surface energy are not preferentially formed thermodynamically and kinetically. Herein, single-crystal nickel foils with a series of high-index facets are efficiently prepared by applying prestrain energy engineering technique, with the largest single-crystal foil exceeding 5×8 cm2 in size. In terms of thermodynamics, the internal mechanism of prestrain regulation on the formation of high-index facets is proposed. Molecular dynamics simulation is utilized to replicate and explain the phenomenon of multiple crystallographic orientations resulting from prestrain regulation. Additionally, large-sized and high-quality graphite films are successfully fabricated on single-crystal Ni(012) foils. Compared to the polycrystalline nickel, the graphite/single-crystal Ni(012) foil composites show more than five-fold increase in thermal conductivity, thereby showing great potential applications in thermal management. This study hence presents a novel approach for the preparation of single-crystal nickel foils with high-index facets, which is beneficial for the epitaxial growth of certain two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Meixiu Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huyang Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuming Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuhang Jing
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - PingAn Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Sstructures, Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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8
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Wu F, Chang J, Bai D. Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Dialkyl Ethers via Palladium-Catalyzed Fluoro-alkoxylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4953-4957. [PMID: 38815137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are of high value in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed fluoro-alkoxylation of gem-difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of much more challenging sterically hindered ethers. This reaction represents a direct synthesis method for α-trifluoromethyl ethers with a broad functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. This system employs N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as an electrophilic fluorine source and alcohols as nucleophilic donors, including but not limited to sterically hindered tert-substituted alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dachang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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9
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Carson WP, Tsymbal AV, Pipal RW, Edwards GA, Martinelli JR, Cabré A, MacMillan DWC. Free-Radical Deoxygenative Amination of Alcohols via Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15681-15687. [PMID: 38813987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are among the most abundant chemical feedstocks, yet they remain vastly underutilized as coupling partners in transition metal catalysis. Herein, we describe a copper metallaphotoredox manifold for the open shell deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with N-nucleophiles to forge C(sp3)-N bonds, a linkage of high value in pharmaceutical agents that is challenging to access via conventional cross-coupling techniques. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated conversion of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl radicals followed by copper-catalyzed C-N coupling renders this platform successful for a broad range of structurally unbiased alcohols and 18 classes of N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Carson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Artem V Tsymbal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert W Pipal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joseph R Martinelli
- Lilly Genetic Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Yan W, Poore AT, Yin L, Carter S, Ho YS, Wang C, Yachuw SC, Cheng YH, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Tian S, Liu W. Catalytically Relevant Organocopper(III) Complexes Formed through Aryl-Radical-Enabled Oxidative Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15176-15185. [PMID: 38770641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative addition of copper(I) complexes to form copper(III) species via single electron transfer (SET) events has been widely proposed in copper catalysis. However, direct observation and detailed investigation of these fundamental steps remain elusive owing largely to the typically slow oxidative addition rate of copper(I) complexes and the instability of the copper(III) species. We report herein a novel aryl-radical-enabled stepwise oxidative addition pathway that allows for the formation of well-defined alkyl-CuIII species from CuI complexes. The process is enabled by the SET from a CuI species to an aryl diazonium salt to form a CuII species and an aryl radical. Subsequent iodine abstraction from an alkyl iodide by the aryl radical affords an alkyl radical, which then reacts with the CuII species to form the alkyl-CuIII complex. The structure of resultant [(bpy)CuIII(CF3)2(alkyl)] complexes has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Competition experiments have revealed that the rate at which different alkyl iodides undergo oxidative addition is consistent with the rate of iodine abstraction by carbon-centered radicals. The CuII intermediate formed during the SET process has been identified as a four-coordinate complex, [CuII(CH3CN)2(CF3)2], through electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The catalytic relevance of the high-valent organo-CuIII has been demonstrated by the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination reactivity. Finally, localized orbital bonding analysis of these formal CuIII complexes indicates inverted ligand fields in σ(Cu-CH2) bonds. These results demonstrate the stepwise oxidative addition in copper catalysis and provide a general strategy to investigate the elusive formal CuIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Andrew T Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Stephen C Yachuw
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Ho Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Hong C, Tang J, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbohalogenation of Olefins with Alkynyl Oxime Ethers: Rapid Access to Chlorine-Containing Isoxazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6615-6625. [PMID: 38652857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbohalogenation of olefins with alkynyl oxime ethers has been described, which provides efficient and practical access to various chlorine-containing isoxazoles. This method exhibits excellent regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a stabilized π-benzyl palladium intermediate, which is essential for the formation of C(sp3)-Cl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Junlong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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12
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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13
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Joven-Sancho D, Echeverri A, Saffon-Merceron N, Contreras-García J, Nebra N. An Organocopper(III) Fluoride Triggering C-CF 3 Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319412. [PMID: 38147576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross-coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII -F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII (CF3 )3 (py)] (1) yielding [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 Cl(py)] (1⋅Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1⋅Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (Sc-XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C-CF3 bonds from silyl-capped alkynes. In-depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 (C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e- reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3 ), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Echeverri
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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14
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Yin L, Liu W. Stable oganocopper(III) complexes generated via oxidative addition. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:288-289. [PMID: 38105160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221, USA.
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15
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Lin Z, Oliveira JC, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Double C-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:228-239. [PMID: 38150013 PMCID: PMC10785825 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative reaction has emerged as a promising platform to achieve a sustainable and atom-economic organic synthesis that avoids hazardous oxidants and minimizes undesired byproducts and circuitous functional group operations. However, a poor mechanistic understanding still prevents the widespread adoption of this strategy. In this regard, we herein present an electrochemical palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling strategy to access biaryls in the absence of a stoichiometric chemical oxidant. The robust palladaelectrocatalysis considerably suppresses the occurrence of homocoupling and oxygenation, being compatible even with electron-deficient arenes. Late-stage functionalization and Boscalid precursor synthesis further highlighted the practical importance of our electrolysis. Remarkably, mechanistic studies including the evaluation of the reaction order of each component by variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) and initial rate analysis, H/D exchange experiment, kinetic isotope effect, and stoichiometric organometallic experiments provided strong support for the involvement of transmetalation between two organopalladium complexes in the turnover limiting step. Therefore, matching the concentrations or lifetimes of two distinct organopalladium intermediates is revealed to be a pivot to the success of electrooxidative catalysis. Moreover, the presence of cationic copper(II) seems to contribute to the stabilization of the palladium(0) catalyst instead of playing a role in the oxidation of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Lin
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C.
A. Oliveira
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Feng Q, Liu CX, Wang Q, Zhu J. Palladium-Based Dyotropic Rearrangement Enables A Triple Functionalization of Gem-Disubstituted Alkenes: An Unusual Fluorolactonization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316393. [PMID: 37986261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We report in this paper a Pd(II)-catalyzed migratory gem-fluorolactonization of ene-carboxylic acids. Reaction of 4-methylenealkanoic acid derivatives with Selectfluor in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (1.0 mol %) at room temperature affords fluorolactones in good to excellent yields. 2-(2-Methylenecycloalkanyl)acetic acids are transformed to bridged fluorolactones under identical conditions. One C-C, one C-O and one tertiary C-F bond were generated along the gem-disubstituted carbon-carbon double bond in this operationally simple transformation. Trapping experiments indicates that the reaction is initiated by a 5-exo-trig oxypalladation followed by Pd oxidation, regioselective ring-enlarging 1,2-alkyl/Pd(IV) dyotropic rearrangement and C-F bond forming reductive elimination cascade. Post-transformations of these fluorolactones taking advantage of the electrophilicity of the 1-fluoroalkylcarboxylate function are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Kumar R. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed 1,2-Diaminations of Olefins: Synthetic Methodologies and Mechanistic Studies. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300705. [PMID: 37743249 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Diamines are synthetically important motifs in organo-catalysis, natural products, and drug research. Continuous utilization of transition-metal based catalyst in direct 1,2-diamination of olefines, in contrast to metal-free transformations, with numerous impressive advances made in recent years (2015-2023). This review summarized contemporary research on the transition-metal catalyzed/mediated [e. g., Cu(II), Pd(II), Fe(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), and Co(II)] 1,2-diamination (asymmetric and non-asymmetric) especially emphasizing the recent synthetic methodologies and mechanistic understandings. Moreover, up-to-date discussion on (i) paramount role of oxidant and catalyst (ii) key achievements (iii) generality and uniqueness, (iv) synthetic limitations or future challenges, and (v) future opportunities are summarized related to this potential area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, INDIA
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18
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Zhou Y, Qiu L, Li J, Xie W. A General Copper Catalytic System for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Secondary and Primary Alkyl Halides with Arylborons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28146-28155. [PMID: 38085645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings (SMC) are powerful tools for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. However, the couplings of sp3-hybridized alkyl halides with arylborons often encounter several problematic issues such as sluggish oxidation addition of alkyl halides and competitive β-hydride elimination side pathways of metal-alkyl species. In precedent reports, copper is mainly utilized for the coupling of sp2-aryl halides, and the cross-couplings with unactivated alkyl halides are far less reported. Herein, we demonstrate that a high-efficiency copper system enabled the coupling of arylborons with various unactivated secondary and primary alkyl halides including bromides, iodides, and even robust chlorides. The present system features broad scope, excellent functionality tolerance, scalability, and practicality. Moreover, the current system could be applied for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules in moderate to high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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19
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Alayoglu P, Chang T, Yan C, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Uncovering a CF 3 Effect on X-ray Absorption Energies of [Cu(CF 3 ) 4 ] - and Related Copper Compounds by Using Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) Measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313744. [PMID: 37938103 PMCID: PMC10842927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic structures of high-valent metal complexes aids the advancement of metal-catalyzed cross coupling methodologies. A prototypical complex with formally high valency is [Cu(CF3 )4 ]- (1), which has a formal Cu(III) oxidation state but whose physical analysis has led some to a Cu(I) assignment in an inverted ligand field model. Recent examinations of 1 by X-ray spectroscopies have led previous authors to contradictory conclusions, motivating the re-examination of its X-ray absorption profile here by a complementary method, resonant diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS). From analysis of DAFS measurements for a series of seven mononuclear Cu complexes including 1, here it is shown that there is a systematic trifluoromethyl effect on X-ray absorption that blue shifts the resonant Cu K-edge energy by 2-3 eV per CF3 , completely accounting for observed changes in DAFS profiles between formally Cu(III) complexes like 1 and formally Cu(I) complexes like (Ph3 P)3 CuCF3 (3). Thus, in agreement with the inverted ligand field model, the data presented herein imply that 1 is best described as containing a Cu(I) ion with dn count approaching 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Connly Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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20
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Yan W, Carter S, Hsieh CT, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Liu W. Copper-Carbon Homolysis Competes with Reductive Elimination in Well-Defined Copper(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26152-26159. [PMID: 37992224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements of Cu catalysis for the cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles and the frequently proposed involvement of alkyl-Cu(III) complexes in such reactions, little is known about the reactivity of these high-valent complexes. Specifically, although the reversible interconversion between an alkyl-CuIII complex and an alkyl radical/CuII pair has been frequently proposed in Cu catalysis, direct observation of such steps in well-defined CuIII complexes remains elusive. In this study, we report the synthesis and investigation of alkyl-CuIII complexes, which exclusively undergo a Cu-C homolysis pathway to generate alkyl radicals and CuII species. Kinetic studies suggest a bond dissociation energy of 28.6 kcal/mol for the CuIII-C bonds. Moreover, these four-coordinate complexes could be converted to a solvated alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2, which undergoes highly efficient C-CF3 bond-forming reductive elimination even at low temperatures (-4 °C). These results provide strong support for the reversible recombination of alkyl radicals with CuII to form alkyl-CuIII species, an elusive step that has been proposed in Cu-catalyzed mechanisms. Furthermore, our work has demonstrated that the reactivity of CuIII complexes could be significantly influenced by subtle changes in the coordination environment. Lastly, the observation of the highly reactive neutral alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2 species (or with weakly bound solvent molecules) suggests they might be the true intermediates in many Cu-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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21
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Li Z, Guo Z, Wu X, Jiang X, Li H, Xu J, Yang K, Lin D. Few-Atomic Zero-Valent Palladium Ensembles for Efficient Reductive Dehydrogenation and Dehalogenation Catalysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22859-22871. [PMID: 37930274 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer immense potential in heterogeneous catalysis due to their maximized atomic utilization and high selectivity but suffer the problem of low reactivity in catalytic reductive reactions due to their high-valent state. Here, we demonstrate that supported palladium (Pd) ensembles consisting of a few zero-valent Pd atoms (Pd1+c-red/CN) exhibit exceptional reactivity in formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) dechlorination. The initial FA dehydrogenation and 4-CP dechlorination rates of Pd1+c-red/CN are 42-104 and 16-210 times higher than that of supported Pd SACs (Pd1-ox/CN), respectively. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that optimal adsorption sites of Pd1+c-red/CN stimulate the formation of H*, which is indispensable for 4-CP dechlorination. Moreover, direct electron transfer from Pd atoms to FA with a high electron density on Pd1+c-red/CN also contributes to the rapid 4-CP dechlorination. The superior dehalogenation capability of Pd1+c-red/CN for organohalides of great environmental and health concerns suggested its immense application potential in environmental remediation. This work highlights the pivotal roles of the structure and valence state of Pd ensembles in catalytic reductive reactions and provides a strategy to broaden the application of Pd-based catalysts for dehydrogenation and dehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xunheng Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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22
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Cao E, Sun M. Spectral Physics of Stable Cu(III) Produced by Oxidative Addition of an Alkyl Halide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15694. [PMID: 37958679 PMCID: PMC10648560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically investigated spectral physics on Cu(III) complexes formed by the oxidative addition of α-haloacetonitrile to ionic and neutral Cu(I) complexes, stimulated by recent experimental reports. Firstly, the electronic structures of reactants of α-haloacetonitrile and neutral Cu(I) and two kinds of products of Cu(III) complexes are visualized with the density of state (DOS) and orbital energy levels of HOMO and LUMO. The visually manifested static and dynamic polarizability as well as the first hyperpolarizability are employed to reveal the vibrational modes of the normal and resonance Raman spectra of two Cu(III) complexes. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra are not only used to identify the reactants and products but also to distinguish between two Cu(III) complexes. The charge difference density (CDD) reveals intramolecular charge transfer in electronic transitions in optical absorption spectra. The CDDs in fluorescence visually reveal electron-hole recombination. Our results promote a deeper understanding of the physical mechanism of stable Cu(III) produced by the oxidative addition of an alkyl halide.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
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23
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Liu SC, Fang DC. DFT Studies on the Mechanisms of Carboamination/Diamination of Unactivated Alkenes Mediated by Pd(IV) Intermediates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14540-14549. [PMID: 37773964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the mechanism of carboamination and diamination of unactivated alkenes mediated by Pd(IV) intermediates. Both reactions share a common Pd(IV) intermediate, serving as the starting point for either the carboamination or the diamination pathway. The formation of this Pd(IV) intermediate encompasses a transition state that substantially impacts the turnover frequency (TOF) of catalytic cycles, with an apparent activation free-energy barrier of 26.1 kcal mol-1. Carboamination of unactivated alkenes proceeds through the coordination of a toluene molecule, C-H activation, inner reductive elimination, and the separation of the carboamination product from this intermediate, while diamination of unactivated alkenes involves the formation of the ion nucleophile, SN2 attack, and the separation of the diamination product. A comparison of the free-energy profiles for carboamination and diamination of unactivated alkenes can elucidate the origin of the chemoselectivity, and Bader's atoms in molecules (AIM) wave function analyses have been performed to analyze the contributions of the outer C-N bonding in the diamination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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24
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Luo Y, Li Y, Wu J, Xue XS, Hartwig JF, Shen Q. Oxidative addition of an alkyl halide to form a stable Cu(III) product. Science 2023; 381:1072-1079. [PMID: 37676952 PMCID: PMC10658983 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The step that cleaves the carbon-halogen bond in copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions remains ill defined because of the multiple redox manifolds available to copper and the instability of the high-valent copper product formed. We report the oxidative addition of α-haloacetonitrile to ionic and neutral copper(I) complexes to form previously elusive but here fully characterized copper(III) complexes. The stability of these complexes stems from the strong Cu-CF3 bond and the high barrier for C(CF3)-C(CH2CN) bond-forming reductive elimination. The mechanistic studies we performed suggest that oxidative addition to ionic and neutral copper(I) complexes proceeds by means of two different pathways: an SN2-type substitution to the ionic complex and a halogen-atom transfer to the neutral complex. We observed a pronounced ligand acceleration of the oxidative addition, which correlates with that observed in the copper-catalyzed couplings of azoles, amines, or alkynes with alkyl electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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25
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Manna K, Kumar R, Sundaresan A, Natarajan S. Fixing CO 2 under Atmospheric Conditions and Dual Functional Heterogeneous Catalysis Employing Cu MOFs: Polymorphism, Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal (SCSC) Transformation and Magnetic Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13738-13756. [PMID: 37586090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
New copper compounds, [Cu(C14H8O6)(C10H8N2)(H2O)] (1), [Cu(C14H8O6)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]·(C3H7ON)2 (2), [Cu(C14H8O6)(C10H8N2)(H2O)2]·(C3H7ON) (3), [Cu(C14H8O6)(C10H8N4)] (4), and [Cu(C14H8O6)(C10H8N4)]·(H2O) (5), were prepared employing 2,5-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)terephthalic acid (2,5-BPTA) as the primary ligand and 4,4'-bipyridine (1-3) and 4,4'-azopyridine (4-5) as the secondary ligands. Single-crystal studies indicated that compounds 1-4 have two-dimensional layer structures and compound 5 has a three-dimensional structure. Compounds 1-3 were isolated from the same reaction mixture but by varying the time of reaction. The framework structures of compounds 1-3 are similar and may be considered as polymorphic structures. Compounds 4 and 5 can also be considered polymorphic with a change in dimensionality of the structure. Compounds 1-3 can be formed through a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation under a suitable solvent mixture. The Cu center was explored for the Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of epoxide and CO2 under ambient conditions in a solventless condition and also for the synthesis of propargylamine derivatives by three-component coupling reactions (A3 coupling) in a DCM medium. The Lewis basic functionality of the MOF (-N═N- group) has been explored for the Henry reaction (aldol condensation) in a solventless condition. In all of the catalytic reactions, good yields and recyclability were observed. The magnetic studies indicated that compounds 1 and 4 have antiferromagnetic interactions and compound 5 has ferromagnetic interactions. The present studies illustrated the rich diversity that the copper-containing compounds exhibit in extended framework structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Manna
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Athinarayanan Sundaresan
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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26
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Stamoulis AG, Bruns DL, Stahl SS. Optimizing the Synthetic Potential of O 2: Implications of Overpotential in Homogeneous Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17515-17526. [PMID: 37534994 PMCID: PMC10629435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is the quintessential oxidant for organic chemical synthesis, but many challenges continue to limit its utility and breadth of applications. Extensive historical research has focused on overcoming kinetic challenges presented by the ground-state triplet electronic structure of O2 and the various reactivity and selectivity challenges associated with reactive oxygen species derived from O2 reduction. This Perspective will analyze thermodynamic principles underlying catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions, borrowing concepts from the study of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. This analysis is especially important for "oxidase"-type liquid-phase catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions, which proceed by a mechanism that couples two sequential redox half-reactions: (1) substrate oxidation and (2) oxygen reduction, typically affording H2O2 or H2O. The catalysts for these reactions feature redox potentials that lie between the potentials associated with the substrate oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, and changes in the catalyst potential lead to variations in effective overpotentials for the two half reactions. Catalysts that operate at low ORR overpotential retain a more thermodynamic driving force for the substrate oxidation step, enabling O2 to be used in more challenging oxidations. While catalysts that operate at high ORR overpotential have less driving force available for substrate oxidation, they often exhibit different or improved chemoselectivity relative to the high-potential catalysts. The concepts are elaborated in a series of case studies to highlight their implications for chemical synthesis. Examples include comparisons of (a) NOx/oxoammonium and Cu/nitroxyl catalysts, (b) high-potential quinones and amine oxidase biomimetic quinones, and (c) Pd aerobic oxidation catalysts with or without NOx cocatalysts. In addition, we show how the reductive activation of O2 provides a means to access potentials not accessible with conventional oxidase-type mechanisms. Overall, this analysis highlights the central role of catalyst overpotential in guiding the development of aerobic oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios G Stamoulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David L Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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27
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Najera D, Espinosa Martinez G, Fout AR. Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Pincer Bis(carbene) CCC Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:832-837. [PMID: 38357387 PMCID: PMC10863395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The metalation of the DIPPCCC (DIPPCCC = bis(diisopropylphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)phenyl) ligand platform with Pd was achieved under mild conditions by reacting [H3(DIPPCCC)]Cl2 with Pd(OAc)2 at room temperature in the presence of 3.1 equiv of LiN(SiMe3)2. The resulting complexes (DIPPCCC)PdX (X = Cl or Br) were oxidized by two-electron oxidants PhICl2, Br2, and BTMABr3. All the complexes were crystallographically characterized, and analysis of structural parameters around the ligand scaffold show no evidence of a ligand-centered radical, rendering the metal center in the oxidized species, (DIPPCCC)PdX3 (X = Cl or Br), a formal PdIV oxidation state. Unlike their NiIV analogues, these PdIV complexes are stable to air and moisture. The addition of styrene to (DIPPCCC)PdBr3 resulted in the clean reduction of PdIV to PdII, along with the formation of the halogenated alkane. The oxidation to PdIV and subsequent return to PdII upon reduction, as opposed to formation of PdIII species, showcases the accessibility of high-valent palladium DIPPCCC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
C. Najera
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gabriel Espinosa Martinez
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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28
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Chen H, Liu X, Huang Y, Li G, Yu F, Xiong F, Zhang M, Sun L, Yang Q, Jia K, Zou R, Li H, Meng S, Lin L, Zhang J, Peng H, Liu Z. Oxidization-Temperature-Triggered Rapid Preparation of Large-Area Single-Crystal Cu(111) Foil. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209755. [PMID: 37005372 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The controlled preparation of single-crystal Cu(111) is intensively investigated owing to the superior properties of Cu(111) and its advantages in synthesizing high-quality 2D materials, especially graphene. However, the accessibility of large-area single-crystal Cu(111) is still hindered by time-consuming, complicated, and high-cost preparation methods. Here, the oxidization-temperature-triggered rapid preparation of large-area single-crystal Cu(111) in which an area up to 320 cm2 is prepared within 60 min, and where low-temperature oxidization of polycrystalline Cu foil surface plays a vital role, is reported. A mechanism is proposed, by which the thin Cux O layer transforms to a Cu(111) seed layer on the surface of Cu to induce the formation of a large-area Cu(111) foil, which is supported by both experimental data and molecular dynamics simulation results. In addition, a large-size high-quality graphene film is synthesized on the single-crystal Cu(111) foil surface and the graphene/Cu(111) composites exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and ductility compared to their polycrystalline counterpart. This work, therefore, not only provides a new avenue toward the monocrystallinity of Cu with specific planes but also contributes to improving the mass production of high-quality 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Huang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sheng Meng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Bera M, Kaur S, Keshari K, Santra A, Moonshiram D, Paria S. Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of Copper(III) Complexes and Subsequent One-Electron Oxidation Reaction and Reactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5387-5399. [PMID: 36972560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of Cu(III) species are often invoked as the key intermediate in Cu-catalyzed organic transformation reactions. In this study, we synthesized Cu(II) (1) and Cu(III) (3) complexes supported by a bisamidate-bisalkoxide ligand consisting of an ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) scaffold and characterized them through an array of spectroscopic techniques, including UV-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Cu-N/O bond distances in 3 are ∼0.1 Å reduced compared to 1, implying a significant increase in 3's overall effective nuclear charge. Further, a Cu(III) complex (4) of a bisamidate-bisalkoxide ligand containing a trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine moiety exhibits nearly identical Cu-N/O bond distances to that of 3, inferring that the redox-active o-PDA backbone is not oxidized upon one-electron oxidation of the Cu(II) complex (1). In addition, a considerable difference in the 1s → 4p and 1s → 3d transition energy was observed in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure data of 3 vs 1, which is typical for the metal-centered oxidation process. Electrochemical measurements of the Cu(II) complex (1) in acetonitrile exhibited two consecutive redox couples at -0.9 and 0.4 V vs the Fc+/Fc reference electrode. One-electron oxidation reaction of 3 further resulted in the formation of a ligand-oxidized Cu complex (3a), which was characterized in depth. Reactivity studies of species 3 and 3a were explored toward the activation of the C-H/O-H bonds. A bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) value of ∼69 kcal/mol was estimated for the O-H bond of the Cu(II) complex formed upon transfer of hydrogen atom to 3. The study represents a thorough spectroscopic characterization of high-valent Cu complexes and sheds light on the PCET reactivity studies of Cu(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Simarjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kritika Keshari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aakash Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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30
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Changmai S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Review of electrochemical transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology 785006 Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | | | - Anil K. Saikia
- Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Department of Chemistry Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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31
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Hu XM, Huang R, Wen QL, Duan YG, Cao XL, Yan SJ. Hydroxyl-Directed Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization: Access to Benzo[ de]chromenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1622-1627. [PMID: 36867606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A cascade oxidative annulation reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) with internal alkynes catalyzed by [Cp*RhCl2]2 and oxidized by Cu(OAc)2·H2O was developed to efficiently synthesize highly functionalized benzo[de]chromene derivatives in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeded by the sequential cleavage of C(sp2)-H/O-H and C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H bonds. These multicomponent cascade reactions were highly regioselective. In addition, all of the benzo[de]chromene products exhibited intense fluorescence emission in the solid state, and they demonstrated concentration-dependent quenching in the presence of Fe3+, indicating that these compounds could be used in the recognition of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Mei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Gang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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32
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Zhao J, Guo F, Hou L, Zhao Y, Sun P. Electron transfer-based antioxidant nanozymes: Emerging therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. J Control Release 2023; 355:273-291. [PMID: 36731800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are usually featured with relatively high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess ROS facilitate the polarization of microphages into proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and cause DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in further deterioration of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress by ROS scavenging has been an effective strategy for reversing inflammation. Inspired by the natural antioxidant enzymes, electron transfer-based artificial antioxidant nanozymes have been emerging therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present review starts with the basic knowledge of ROS and diseases, followed by summarizing the possible active centers for the preparation of antioxidant nanozymes. The strategies for the design of antioxidant nanozymes on the purpose of higher catalytic activity are provided, and the applications of the developed antioxidant nanozymes on the therapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed. A perspective is included for the design and applications of artificial antioxidant nanozymes in biomedicine as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Pengchao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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33
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Zeng X, Wang C, Yan W, Rong J, Song Y, Xiao Z, Cai A, Liang SH, Liu W. Aryl Radical Enabled, Copper-Catalyzed Sonogashira-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkynes with Alkyl Iodides. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2761-2770. [PMID: 37800120 PMCID: PMC10552849 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of Sonogashira coupling for the synthesis of arylalkynes and conjugated enynes, the engagement of unactivated alkyl halides in such reactions remains historically challenging. We report herein a strategy that merges Cu-catalyzed alkyne transfer with the aryl radical activation of carbon-halide bonds to enable a general approach for the coupling of alkyl iodides with terminal alkynes. This unprecedented Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups and has been applied to the late-stage cross-coupling of densely functionalized pharmaceutical agents as well as the synthesis of positron emission tomography tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yanshan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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34
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Li Y, Cui C. Synthesis of Phosphine-Functionalized Silicon Cubane and Its Oxidative Addition, Giving a Bis(silyl)copper Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2503-2507. [PMID: 36709431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the introduction of a second type of Si atom to silicon cubanes has been developed starting from the tricyclic hexasilane dianion [Ar6Si6]2- (Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2). Treatment of the dianion with Ar'SiCl3, followed by KC8, gave new types of octasilacubanes Ar6Ar'2Si8 [Ar' = 2,4,6-iPr2C6H2 (3a), 2-Ph2PC6H4 (3b)] in high yields. Remarkably, treatment of cubane 3b bearing with two phosphine groups with 2 equiv of CuCl in CH2Cl2 yielded the bis(silyl)copper complex via the selective oxidative addition of the newly formed Si-Si bond to Cu ion. Single-crystal X-ray analysis indicated the unique square-planar, four-coordinate Cu cation paired with the [CuCl2]- counteranion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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35
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Qi L, Dong M, Qian J, Yu S, Tong X. Pd 0 -Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbonitratation Reaction Featuring an H-Bonding-Driven Alkyl-Pd II -ONO 2 Reductive Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215397. [PMID: 36420824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reductive elimination of alkyl-PdII -O is a synthetically useful yet underdeveloped elementary reaction. Here we report that the combination of an H-bonding donor [PyH][BF4 ] and AgNO3 additive under toluene/H2 O biphasic system can enable such elementary step to form alkyl nitrate. This results in the Pd0 -catalyzed asymmetric carbonitratations of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-dienes with (R)-BINAP as the chiral ligand, affording alkyl nitrates up to 96 % ee. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction consists of oxidative addition of Pd0 catalyst to vinyl iodide, anion ligand exchange between I- and NO3 - , alkene insertion and SN 2-type alkyl-PdII -ONO2 reductive elimination. Evidences suggest that H-bonding interaction of PyH⋅⋅⋅ONO2 can facilitate dissociation of O2 NO- ligand from the alkyl-PdII -ONO2 species, thus enabling the challenging alkyl-PdII -ONO2 reductive elimination to be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlong Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuling Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
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36
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Song Z, Jiang W, Jian X, Hu F. Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Electrocatalysis in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4341. [PMID: 36500964 PMCID: PMC9736453 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as among the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the inherently complex electrochemical mechanism in Li-S batteries leads to problems such as slow internal reaction kinetics and a severe shuttle effect, which seriously affect the practical application of batteries. Therefore, accelerating the internal electrochemical reactions of Li-S batteries is the key to realize their large-scale applications. This article reviews significant efforts to address the above problems, mainly the catalysis of electrochemical reactions by specific nanostructured materials. Through the rational design of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (including but not limited to strategies such as single atoms, heterostructures, metal compounds, and small-molecule solvents), the chemical reactivity of Li-S batteries has been effectively improved. Here, the application of nanomaterials in the field of electrocatalysis for Li-S batteries is introduced in detail, and the advancement of nanostructures in Li-S batteries is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wanyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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37
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Han J, Xiao B, Sun TY, Wang M, Jin L, Yu W, Wang Y, Fang DM, Zhou Y, Wu XF, Wu YD, Liao J. Enantioselective Double Carbonylation Enabled by High-Valent Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21800-21807. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Jin
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wangzhi Yu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dong-Mei Fang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023,, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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38
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Sarkar S, Banerjee A, Shah JA, Mukherjee U, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ, Ngai MY. Excited-State Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Enables Modular Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated-γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20884-20894. [PMID: 36326178 PMCID: PMC9754811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams continue to attract attention due to the importance of this structural motif in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of a visible-light-induced excited-state copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction for the preparation of a wide range of γ-H, -OH, and -OR-substituted α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams using acrylamides as the 4-atom unit and aroyl chlorides as the 1-atom unit. This modular synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. The reaction is amenable to late-stage diversification of complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of marketed drugs. The products of the reaction can serve as versatile building blocks for further derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an inner-sphere catalytic cycle involving photoexcitation of the Cu(BINAP) catalyst, single-electron transfer, and capture of radical intermediates by copper species, followed by reductive elimination or protonation to give the desired γ-functionalized α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400 USA
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39
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He C, Fan X, Ji M, Sun X, Zhang W, Zhu X, Sun Z, Chu W. Visible light induced palladium catalyzed C H hydroxylation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics in the presence of H2O2. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Yang JW, Tan GQ, Liang KC, Xu KD, Su M, Liu F. Copper-Catalyzed, N-Directed Distal C(sp 3)-H Functionalization toward Azepanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7796-7800. [PMID: 36264027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a copper-catalyzed formal [5 + 2] aza-annulation of N-fluorosulfonamides and 1,3-dienes/1,3-enynes for synthesis of structurally diverse alkene/alkyne-containing azepanes. The reaction features selective functionalization of distal unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds and a broad substrate scope, thus allowing the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. A radical mechanism involving 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of N-radicals, facile coupling of alkyl radicals with 1,3-dienes/1,3-enynes, and the construction of azepane motifs via C-N bond formation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Cheng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Dong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Zhang H, Feng C, Chen N, Zhang S. Direct Arene Trifluoromethylation Enabled by a High‐Valent Cu
III
−CF
3
Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Cong‐Cong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural University 311 Nongda East Road Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang China
| | - Song‐Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural University 311 Nongda East Road Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang China
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42
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Zhang Q, Tong S, Wang MX. Unraveling the Chemistry of High Valent Arylcopper Compounds and Their Roles in Copper-Catalyzed Arene C-H Bond Transformations Using Synthetic Macrocycles. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2796-2810. [PMID: 35994690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of the study of copper-catalyzed organic reactions. As the surrogate of noble metal catalysts, copper salts have been shown to exhibit remarkable versatility in activating various C-H bonds enabling the construction of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Advantageously, copper salts are also naturally abundant, inexpensive, and less toxic in comparison to precious metals. Despite significant developments in synthesis, the mechanism of copper catalysis remains elusive. Hypothetical pathways such as the two-electron Cu(III)/Cu(I) and Cu(II)/Cu(0) catalytic cycles and the one-electron Cu(II)/Cu(I) catalytic cycle have been invoked to diagram C-H bond transformations because of the formidable challenges to isolate and characterize transient high valent organocopper intermediates. In fact, organocopper chemistry has been dominated for a long time by the acknowledged nucleophilic organocopper(I) compounds. Since the beginning of the new millennium, we have been systematically studying the supramolecular chemistry of heteracalix[n]aromatics. Owing to the ease of their synthesis and selective functionalizations, self-tunable conformation and cavity structures resulting from the interplay of heteroatoms with aromatic subunits, and outstanding properties in molecular recognition and self-assembly, heteracalix[n]aromatics have become a class of privileged synthetic macrocyclic hosts. Our journey to the chemistry of high valent organocopper compounds started with a serendipitous discovery of the facile formation of a stable organocopper compound, which contains astonishingly a Ph-Cu(III) σ-bond under very mild aerobic conditions. When we examined routinely the effect of the macrocyclic structures on noncovalent complexation properties, titration of tetraazacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O resulted in the precipitation of dark-purple crystals of phenylcopper(III) diperchlorate. Our curiosity about the transformation of an arene C-H bond into an Ar-Cu(III) bond prompted us to conduct an in-depth investigation of the reaction of macrocyclic arenes with copper(II) salts, leading to the isolation of arylcopper(II) compounds which are unprecedented and the missing link in organocopper chemistry. With structurally well-defined organometallics in hand, we have explored extensively the reactivities of both arylcopper(II) and arylcopper(III) compounds, demonstrating their versatility and uniqueness in chemical synthesis. Novel and fascinating arene C-H transformations under copper catalysis have been developed. Using acquired high valent arylcopper compounds as molecular probes, and employing the functionalizations of tetraazacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines as model reactions, we have revealed the diverse mechanisms of copper-promoted arene C-H bond reactions. Elusive reaction pathways of some copper-catalyzed C-X bond activations have also been unraveled. In the meantime, we have also witnessed pleasingly the rapid development of field with the advent of new high valent organocopper compounds. Without any doubt, studies of the synthesis, reactivity, and catalysis of high valent organocopper compounds have been reshaping the field of organocopper chemistry. This Account summarizes our endeavors to explore the chemistry of structurally well-defined arylcopper(II) and arylcopper(III) compounds and the mechanisms of copper-catalyzed arene C-H and C-X bond transformations. We hope this Account will inspire chemists to study thoroughly the fundamentals and the cutting-edge catalysis of high valent organocopper compounds advancing and redefining the discipline of organocopper chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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43
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Beletskaya IP, Ananikov VP. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–S, C–Se, and C–Te Bond Formations via Cross-Coupling and Atom-Economic Addition Reactions. Achievements and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16110-16293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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44
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Saha PS, Gopinath P. Dual Palladium‐Photoredox catalyzed C‐H functionalization. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry Karkambadi Road 517507 Tirupati INDIA
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45
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Zhang HR, Feng CC, Chen N, Zhang SL. Direct Arene Trifluoromethylation Enabled by a High‐Valent Cu(III)‐CF3 Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Zhang
- Jiangnan University School of Chemical and Material Engineering 214122 Wuxi CHINA
| | - Cong-Cong Feng
- Jiangnan University School of Chemical and Material Engineering 214122 Wuxi CHINA
| | - Ning Chen
- Xinjiang Agricultural University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Urumqi CHINA
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Jiangnan University School of Chemical and Material Engineering 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi CHINA
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46
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Yang G, Wu H, Gallarati S, Corminboeuf C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Migrative Carbofluorination of Saturated Amides Enabled by Pd-Based Dyotropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14047-14052. [PMID: 35916403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Directly editing an all-carbon quaternary carbon itself of nonstrained acyclic molecules remains underexploited despite the recent advances in the fields of both C-H and C-C bond activation. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed migrative carbofluorination of saturated amides enabled by the activation of both the C(sp3)-H and the Cquaternary-Cσ bonds. In this transformation, the α-quaternary carbon of Weinreb amides is converted to α-tertiary fluoride with concurrent migration of an aryl or an amido group from the α- to β-carbon. DFT calculations indicate that the dyotropic rearrangement proceeds through an unusual anti-selective [2.1.0] bicyclic transition state. The reaction, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, is stereospecific and is applicable to the synthesis of enantioenriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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47
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Wang YC, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Allylic Amination of Pd(II)-Allyl Complexes via High-Valent Pd Intermediates. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri − St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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48
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Zhang J, Fan J, Wu Y, Guo Z, Wu J, Xie M. Pd-Catalyzed Atroposelective C–H Acyloxylation Enabling Access to an Axially Chiral Biaryl Phenol Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:5143-5148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yehe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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49
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Wei Y, Miao J, Ge J, Lang J, Yu C, Zhang L, Alvarez PJJ, Long M. Ultrahigh Peroxymonosulfate Utilization Efficiency over CuO Nanosheets via Heterogeneous Cu(III) Formation and Preferential Electron Transfer during Degradation of Phenols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8984-8992. [PMID: 35638588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In persulfate activation by copper-based catalysts, high-valent copper (Cu(III)) is an overlooked reactive intermediate that contributes to efficient persulfate utilization and organic pollutant removal. However, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneous activation and enhanced persulfate utilization are not fully understood. Here, copper oxide (CuO) nanosheets (synthesized with a facile precipitation method) exhibited high catalytic activity for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation with 100% 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation within 3 min. Evidence for the critical role of surface-associated Cu(III) on PMS activation and 4-CP degradation over a wide pH range (pH 3-10) was obtained using in situ Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and quenching tests. Cu(III) directly oxidized 4-CP and other phenolic pollutants, with rate constants inversely proportional to their ionization potentials. Cu(III) preferentially oxidizes 4-CP rather than react with two PMS molecules to generate one molecule of 1O2, thus minimizing this less efficient PMS utilization pathway. Accordingly, a much higher PMS utilization efficiency (77% of electrons accepted by PMS ascribed to 4-CP mineralization) was obtained with CuO/PMS than with a radical pathway-dominated Co3O4/PMS system (27%) or with the 1O2 pathway-dominated α-MnO2/PMS system (26%). Overall, these results highlight the potential benefits of PMS activation via heterogeneous high-valent copper oxidation and offer mechanistic insight into ultrahigh PMS utilization efficiency for organic pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyu Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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50
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Wang G, Li M, Leng X, Xue X, Shen Q. Neutral Five‐Coordinate Arylated Copper(III) Complex: Key Intermediate in Copper‐Mediated Arene Trifluoromethylation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engi‐neering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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