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Sirois CL, Guo Y, Li M, Wolkoff NE, Korabelnikov T, Sandoval S, Lee J, Shen M, Contractor A, Sousa AMM, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X. CGG repeats in the human FMR1 gene regulate mRNA localization and cellular stress in developing neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114330. [PMID: 38865241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human genome has many short tandem repeats, yet the normal functions of these repeats are unclear. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene contains polymorphic CGG repeats, the length of which has differing effects on FMR1 expression and human health, including the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome. We deleted the CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene (0CGG) in human stem cells and examined the effects on differentiated neurons. 0CGG neurons have altered subcellular localization of FMR1 mRNA and protein, and differential expression of cellular stress proteins compared with neurons with normal repeats (31CGG). In addition, 0CGG neurons have altered responses to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation, including FMR1 mRNA localization, GR chaperone HSP90α expression, GR localization, and cellular stress protein levels. Therefore, the CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene are important for the homeostatic responses of neurons to stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa L Sirois
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Natalie E Wolkoff
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tomer Korabelnikov
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soraya Sandoval
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Minjie Shen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amaya Contractor
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andre M M Sousa
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Martin P, Szkop KJ, Robert F, Bhattacharyya S, Beauchamp RL, Brenner J, Redmond NE, Huang S, Erdin S, Larsson O, Ramesh V. TSC2 loss in neural progenitor cells suppresses translation of ASD/NDD-associated transcripts in an mTORC1- and MNK1/2-reversible fashion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597393. [PMID: 38895292 PMCID: PMC11185676 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an inherited neurodevelopmental (ND) disorder with frequent manifestations of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). TSC is caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes, with encoded proteins hamartin/TSC1 and tuberin/TSC2 forming a functional complex inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) signaling, leading to FDA-approved allosteric mTORC1-selective rapamycin analogs for TSC tumors. Rapalogs are effective for TSC-associated hamartomas, however, they are not effective for treating ND manifestations. mTORC1 signaling plays an essential role in protein synthesis through mTORC1-eIF4F and MNK-eIF4E-mediated mRNA translation. Further, the effects on mRNA translation by specific mTORC1 and MNK inhibitors such as RMC-6272 and eFT-508 in TSC have never been explored. Here, employing CRISPR-modified, isogenic TSC2 patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs), we have examined mRNA translation upon loss of TSC2 . Our results reveal dysregulated translation in TSC2 -Null NPCs, which significantly overlap with the translatome from TSC1 -Null NPCs, which we reported recently. Most notably, numerous non-monogenic ASD-NDD- and epilepsy-associated genes identified in patients harboring putative loss-of-function mutations, including protein truncating, or damaging missense variants, were translationally suppressed in TSC2 -Null NPCs, and their translation were reversed upon RMC-6272 or eFT-508 treatment. Our study here establishes the importance of mTORC1-eIF4F and MNK-eIF4E-mediated mRNA translation in TSC, ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders and lay the groundwork for evaluating drugs in clinical development that target these pathways as a treatment strategy for TSC as well as ASD/NDD.
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared F King
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra D Kauer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Messaoudi S, Allam A, Stoufflet J, Paillard T, Le Ven A, Fouquet C, Doulazmi M, Trembleau A, Caille I. FMRP regulates postnatal neuronal migration via MAP1B. eLife 2024; 12:RP88782. [PMID: 38757694 PMCID: PMC11101172 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The fragile X syndrome (FXS) represents the most prevalent form of inherited intellectual disability and is the first monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder. FXS results from the absence of the RNA-binding protein FMRP (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein). Neuronal migration is an essential step of brain development allowing displacement of neurons from their germinal niches to their final integration site. The precise role of FMRP in neuronal migration remains largely unexplored. Using live imaging of postnatal rostral migratory stream (RMS) neurons in Fmr1-null mice, we observed that the absence of FMRP leads to delayed neuronal migration and altered trajectory, associated with defects of centrosomal movement. RNA-interference-induced knockdown of Fmr1 shows that these migratory defects are cell-autonomous. Notably, the primary Fmrp mRNA target implicated in these migratory defects is microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). Knocking down MAP1B expression effectively rescued most of the observed migratory defects. Finally, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms at play by demonstrating that the absence of FMRP induces defects in the cage of microtubules surrounding the nucleus of migrating neurons, which is rescued by MAP1B knockdown. Our findings reveal a novel neurodevelopmental role for FMRP in collaboration with MAP1B, jointly orchestrating neuronal migration by influencing the microtubular cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Messaoudi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Ada Allam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Julie Stoufflet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, CHU Sart TilmanLiègeBelgium
| | - Theo Paillard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Anaïs Le Ven
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
- Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Coralie Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Alain Trembleau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
| | - Isabelle Caille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS)ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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Rani R, Sri NS, Medishetti R, Chatti K, Sevilimedu A. Loss of FMRP affects ovarian development and behaviour through multiple pathways in a zebrafish model of fragile X syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae077. [PMID: 38710511 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder and the leading genetic cause of autism spectrum disorders. FXS is caused by loss of function mutations in Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein that is known to regulate translation of its target mRNAs, predominantly in the brain and gonads. The molecular mechanisms connecting FMRP function to neurodevelopmental phenotypes are well understood. However, neither the full extent of reproductive phenotypes, nor the underlying molecular mechanisms have been as yet determined. Here, we developed new fmr1 knockout zebrafish lines and show that they mimic key aspects of FXS neuronal phenotypes across both larval and adult stages. Results from the fmr1 knockout females also showed that altered gene expression in the brain, via the neuroendocrine pathway contribute to distinct abnormal phenotypes during ovarian development and oocyte maturation. We identified at least three mechanisms underpinning these defects, including altered neuroendocrine signaling in sexually mature females resulting in accelerated ovarian development, altered expression of germ cell and meiosis promoting genes at various stages during oocyte maturation, and finally a strong mitochondrial impairment in late stage oocytes from knockout females. Our findings have implications beyond FXS in the study of reproductive function and female infertility. Dissection of the translation control pathways during ovarian development using models like the knockout lines reported here may reveal novel approaches and targets for fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rani
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - N Sushma Sri
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Raghavender Medishetti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Kiranam Chatti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
- Center for Rare Disease Models, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Aarti Sevilimedu
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
- Center for Rare Disease Models, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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Su P, Yan S, Chen K, Huang L, Wang L, Lee FHF, Zhou H, Lai TKY, Jiang A, Samsom J, Wong AHC, Yang G, Liu F. EF1α-associated protein complexes affect dendritic spine plasticity by regulating microglial phagocytosis in Fmr1 knock-out mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1099-1113. [PMID: 38212373 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. There is no specific treatment for FXS due to the lack of therapeutic targets. We report here that Elongation Factor 1α (EF1α) forms a complex with two other proteins: Tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3) and Murine double minute (Mdm2). Both EF1α-Mdm2 and EF1α-TRIM3 protein complexes are increased in the brain of Fmr1 knockout mice as a result of FMRP deficiency, which releases the normal translational suppression of EF1α mRNA and increases EF1α protein levels. Increased EF1α-Mdm2 complex decreases PSD-95 ubiquitination (Ub-PSD-95) and Ub-PSD-95-C1q interaction. The elevated level of TRIM3-EF1α complex is associated with decreased TRIM3-Complement Component 3 (C3) complex that inhibits the activation of C3. Both protein complexes thereby contribute to a reduction in microglia-mediated phagocytosis and dendritic spine pruning. Finally, we created a peptide that disrupts both protein complexes and restores dendritic spine plasticity and behavioural deficits in Fmr1 knockout mice. The EF1α-Mdm2 and EF1α-TRIM3 complexes could thus be new therapeutic targets for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lianyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Frankie Hang Fung Lee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Terence Kai Ying Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - James Samsom
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institutes of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institutes of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Wang T, Yu M, Gu X, Liang X, Wang P, Peng W, Liu D, Chen D, Huang C, Tan Y, Liu K, Xiang B. Mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia: a bioinformatics analysis study of RNA-seq data. Psychiatr Genet 2024; 34:54-60. [PMID: 38441120 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms of ECT in the treatment of schizophrenia using a transcriptional dataset. METHODS The peripheral blood mRNA sequencing data of eight patients (before and after ECT) and eight healthy controls were analyzed by integrated co-expression network analysis and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by cluster analysis. Gene set overlap analysis was performed using the hypergeometric distribution of phypfunction in R. Associations of these gene sets with psychiatric disorders were explored. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis were used for gene set organization localization and pathway analysis. RESULTS We found the genes of the green-yellow module were significantly associated with the effect of ECT treatment and the common gene variants of schizophrenia ( P = 0.0061; family-wise error correction). The genes of the green-yellow module are mainly enriched in brain tissue and mainly involved in the pathways of neurotrophin, mitogen-activated protein kinase and long-term potentiation. CONCLUSION Genes associated with the efficacy of ECT were predominantly enriched in neurotrophin, mitogen-activated protein kinase and long-term potentiation signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minglan Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province
| | - Xiaochu Gu
- Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | | | | | | | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People's Hospital, Yibin
| | - Dechao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People's Hospital, Yibin
| | | | - Youguo Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
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Taha MS, Ahmadian MR. Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Protein and Its Multifunctionality: From Cytosol to Nucleolus and Back. Biomolecules 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38672417 PMCID: PMC11047961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene and a consequent lack of FMR protein (FMRP) synthesis are associated with fragile X syndrome, one of the most common inherited intellectual disabilities. FMRP is a multifunctional protein that is involved in many cellular functions in almost all subcellular compartments under both normal and cellular stress conditions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. This is achieved through its trafficking signals, nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES), and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS), as well as its RNA and protein binding domains, and it is modulated by various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and methylation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the interaction networks of FMRP with a special focus on FMRP stress-related functions, including stress granule formation, mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum plasticity, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Institute of Medical Research and Clinical Studies, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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De La Fuente DC, Tamburini C, Stonelake E, Andrews R, Hall J, Owen MJ, Linden DEJ, Pocklington A, Li M. Impaired oxysterol-liver X receptor signaling underlies aberrant cortical neurogenesis in a stem cell model of neurodevelopmental disorder. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113946. [PMID: 38483902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which genomic risks contribute to the onset of neuropsychiatric conditions remain a key challenge and a prerequisite for successful development of effective therapies. 15q11.2 copy number variation (CNV) containing the CYFIP1 gene is associated with autism and schizophrenia. Using stem cell models, we show that 15q11.2 deletion (15q11.2del) and CYFIP1 loss of function (CYFIP1-LoF) lead to premature neuronal differentiation, while CYFIP1 gain of function (CYFIP1-GoF) favors neural progenitor maintenance. CYFIP1 dosage changes led to dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and altered levels of 24S,25-epoxycholesterol, which can mimic the 15q11.2del and CYFIP1-LoF phenotypes by promoting cortical neuronal differentiation and can restore the impaired neuronal differentiation of CYFIP1-GoF neural progenitors. Moreover, the neurogenic activity of 24S,25-epoxycholesterol is lost following genetic deletion of liver X receptor (LXRβ), while compound deletion of LXRβ in CYFIP1-/- background rescued their premature neurogenesis. This work delineates LXR-mediated oxysterol regulation of neurogenesis as a pathological mechanism in neural cells carrying 15q11.2 CNV and provides a potential target for therapeutic strategies for associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Tamburini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Pocklington
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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10
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Fok AHK, Huang Y, So BWL, Zheng Q, Tse CSC, Li X, Wong KKY, Huang J, Lai KO, Lai CSW. KIF5B plays important roles in dendritic spine plasticity and dendritic localization of PSD95 and FMRP in the mouse cortex in vivo. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113906. [PMID: 38451812 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinesin 1 (KIF5) is one major type of motor protein in neurons, but its members' function in the intact brain remains less studied. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we find that conditional knockout of Kif5b (KIF5B cKO) in CaMKIIα-Cre-expressing neurons shows heightened turnover and lower stability of dendritic spines in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons with reduced spine postsynaptic density protein 95 acquisition in the mouse cortex. Furthermore, the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is translocated to the proximity of newly formed spines several hours before the spine formation events in vivo in control mice, but this preceding transport of FMRP is abolished in KIF5B cKO mice. We further find that FMRP is localized closer to newly formed spines after fear extinction, but this learning-dependent localization is disrupted in KIF5B cKO mice. Our findings provide the crucial in vivo evidence that KIF5B is involved in the dendritic targeting of synaptic proteins that underlies dendritic spine plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Hiu Ka Fok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beth Wing Lam So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyu Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Sing Carlos Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Kin-Yip Wong
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Brain Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Cora Sau Wan Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Brain Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Griffiths KK, Wang A, Jonas EA, Levy RJ. Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase contributes to voltage sensing of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23494. [PMID: 38376922 PMCID: PMC11082757 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Pathological opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of many disease processes such as myocardial ischemia, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. While we have gained insight into mPTP biology over the last several decades, the lack of translation of this knowledge into successful clinical therapies underscores the need for continued investigation and use of different approaches to identify novel regulators of the mPTP with the hope of elucidating new therapeutic targets. Although the mPTP is known to be a voltage-gated channel, the identity of its voltage sensor remains unknown. Here we found decreased gating potential of the mPTP and increased expression and activity of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) in newborn Fragile X syndrome (FXS) mouse heart mitochondria, a model system of coenzyme Q excess and relatively decreased mPTP open probability. We further found that pharmacological inhibition and genetic silencing of SQOR increased mPTP open probability in vitro in adult murine cardiac mitochondria and in the isolated-perfused heart, likely by interfering with voltage sensing. Thus, SQOR is proposed to contribute to voltage sensing by the mPTP and may be a component of the voltage sensing apparatus that modulates the gating potential of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren K. Griffiths
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA 10032
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA 10032
| | - Elizabeth A. Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard J. Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA 10032
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12
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Garvanska DH, Alvarado RE, Mundt FO, Lindqvist R, Duel JK, Coscia F, Nilsson E, Lokugamage K, Johnson BA, Plante JA, Morris DR, Vu MN, Estes LK, McLeland AM, Walker J, Crocquet-Valdes PA, Mendez BL, Plante KS, Walker DH, Weisser MB, Överby AK, Mann M, Menachery VD, Nilsson J. The NSP3 protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds fragile X mental retardation proteins to disrupt UBAP2L interactions. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:902-926. [PMID: 38177924 PMCID: PMC10897489 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact with numerous host factors to facilitate viral replication and to dampen antiviral defense mechanisms. We currently have a limited mechanistic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 binds host factors and the functional role of these interactions. Here, we uncover a novel interaction between the viral NSP3 protein and the fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMRPs: FMR1, FXR1-2). SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 mutant viruses preventing FMRP binding have attenuated replication in vitro and reduced levels of viral antigen in lungs during the early stages of infection. We show that a unique peptide motif in NSP3 binds directly to the two central KH domains of FMRPs and that this interaction is disrupted by the I304N mutation found in a patient with fragile X syndrome. NSP3 binding to FMRPs disrupts their interaction with the stress granule component UBAP2L through direct competition with a peptide motif in UBAP2L to prevent FMRP incorporation into stress granules. Collectively, our results provide novel insight into how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cell proteins and provides molecular insight into the possible underlying molecular defects in fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitriya H Garvanska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Elias Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Filip Oskar Mundt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Josephine Kerzel Duel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kumari Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bryan A Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothea R Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle N Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Leah K Estes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa M McLeland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jordyn Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Blanca Lopez Mendez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David H Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Melanie Bianca Weisser
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Kurosaki T, Rambout X, Maquat LE. FMRP-mediated spatial regulation of physiologic NMD targets in neuronal cells. Genome Biol 2024; 25:31. [PMID: 38263082 PMCID: PMC10804635 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In non-polarized cells, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) generally begins during the translation of newly synthesized mRNAs after the mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm. Binding of the FMRP translational repressor to UPF1 on NMD targets mainly inhibits NMD. However, in polarized cells like neurons, FMRP additionally localizes mRNAs to cellular projections. Here, we review the literature and evaluate available transcriptomic data to conclude that, in neurons, the translation of physiologic NMD targets bound by FMRP is partially inhibited until the mRNAs localize to projections. There, FMRP displacement in response to signaling induces a burst in protein synthesis followed by rapid mRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Kurosaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xavier Rambout
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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14
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Chadwick W, Angulo-Herrera I, Cogram P, Deacon RJM, Mason DJ, Brown D, Roberts I, O’Donovan DJ, Tranfaglia MR, Guilliams T, Thompson NT. A novel combination treatment for fragile X syndrome predicted using computational methods. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcad353. [PMID: 38226317 PMCID: PMC10789243 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by silencing of the fragile X messenger ribonucleotide gene. Patients display a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from intellectual and learning disabilities to behavioural challenges including autism spectrum disorder. In addition to this, patients also display a diversity of symptoms due to mosaicism. These factors make fragile X syndrome a difficult syndrome to manage and suggest that a single targeted therapeutic approach cannot address all the symptoms. To this end, we utilized Healx's data-driven drug discovery platform to identify a treatment strategy to address the wide range of diverse symptoms among patients. Computational methods identified the combination of ibudilast and gaboxadol as a treatment for several pathophysiological targets that could potentially reverse multiple symptoms associated with fragile X syndrome. Ibudilast is an approved broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective against both phosphodiesterase 4 and phosphodiesterase 10, and has demonstrated to have several beneficial effects in the brain. Gaboxadol is a GABAA receptor agonist, selective against the delta subunit, which has previously displayed encouraging results in a fragile X syndrome clinical trial. Alterations in GABA and cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism have long since been associated with the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome; however, targeting both pathways simultaneously has never been investigated. Both drugs have a good safety and tolerability profile in the clinic making them attractive candidates for repurposing. We set out to explore whether the combination of ibudilast and gaboxadol could demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in a fragile X syndrome mouse model. We found that daily treatment with ibudilast significantly enhanced the ability of fragile X syndrome mice to perform a number of different cognitive assays while gaboxadol treatment improved behaviours such as hyperactivity, aggression, stereotypy and anxiety. Importantly, when ibudilast and gaboxadol were co-administered, the cognitive deficits as well as the aforementioned behaviours were rescued. Moreover, this combination treatment showed no evidence of tolerance, and no adverse effects were reported following chronic dosing. This work demonstrates for the first time that by targeting multiple pathways, with a combination treatment, we were able to rescue more phenotypes in a fragile X syndrome mouse model than either ibudilast or gaboxadol could achieve as monotherapies. This combination treatment approach holds promise for addressing the wide spectrum of diverse symptoms in this heterogeneous patient population and may have therapeutic potential for idiopathic autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Cogram
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, UCI, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Robert J M Deacon
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile
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15
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Höfler S, Duss O. Interconnections between m 6A RNA modification, RNA structure, and protein-RNA complex assembly. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302240. [PMID: 37935465 PMCID: PMC10629537 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-RNA complexes exist in many forms within the cell, from stable machines such as the ribosome to transient assemblies like the spliceosome. All protein-RNA assemblies rely on spatially and temporally coordinated interactions between specific proteins and RNAs to achieve a functional form. RNA folding and structure are often critical for successful protein binding and protein-RNA complex formation. RNA modifications change the chemical nature of a given RNA and often alter its folding kinetics. Both these alterations can affect how and if proteins or other RNAs can interact with the modified RNA and assemble into complexes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common base modification on mRNAs and regulatory noncoding RNAs and has been shown to impact RNA structure and directly modulate protein-RNA interactions. In this review, focusing on the mechanisms and available quantitative information, we discuss first how the METTL3/14 m6A writer complex is specifically targeted to RNA assisted by protein-RNA and other interactions to enable site-specific and co-transcriptional RNA modification and, once introduced, how the m6A modification affects RNA folding and protein-RNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Höfler
- https://ror.org/03mstc592 Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Duss
- https://ror.org/03mstc592 Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Messaoudi S, Allam A, Stoufflet J, Paillard T, Fouquet C, Doulazmi M, Le Ven A, Trembleau A, Caillé I. FMRP regulates tangential neuronal migration via MAP1B. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.530447. [PMID: 36945472 PMCID: PMC10028813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.530447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) represents the most prevalent form of inherited intellectual disability and is the first monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder. FXS results from the absence of the RNA-binding protein FMRP (Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein). Neuronal migration is an essential step of brain development allowing displacement of neurons from their germinal niches to their final integration site. The precise role of FMRP in neuronal migration remains largely unexplored. Using live imaging of postnatal Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) neurons in Fmr1-null mice, we observed that the absence of FMRP leads to delayed neuronal migration and altered trajectory, associated with defects of centrosomal movement. RNA-interference-induced knockdown of Fmr1 shows that these migratory defects are cell-autonomous. Notably, the primary FMRP mRNA target implicated in these migratory defects is MAP1B (Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B). Knocking-down MAP1B expression effectively rescued most of the observed migratory defects. Finally, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms at play by demonstrating that the absence of FMRP induces defects in the cage of microtubules surrounding the nucleus of migrating neurons, which is rescued by MAP1B knockdown. Our findings reveal a novel neurodevelopmental role for FMRP in collaboration with MAP1B, jointly orchestrating neuronal migration by influencing the microtubular cytoskeleton.
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17
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Long Q, Sebesta M, Sedova K, Haluza V, Alagia A, Liu Z, Stefl R, Gullerova M. The phosphorylated trimeric SOSS1 complex and RNA polymerase II trigger liquid-liquid phase separation at double-strand breaks. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113489. [PMID: 38039132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most severe type of DNA damage. Previously, we demonstrated that RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) phosphorylated at the tyrosine 1 (Y1P) residue of its C-terminal domain (CTD) generates RNAs at DSBs. However, the regulation of transcription at DSBs remains enigmatic. Here, we show that the damage-activated tyrosine kinase c-Abl phosphorylates hSSB1, enabling its interaction with Y1P RNAPII at DSBs. Furthermore, the trimeric SOSS1 complex, consisting of hSSB1, INTS3, and c9orf80, binds to Y1P RNAPII in response to DNA damage in an R-loop-dependent manner. Specifically, hSSB1, as a part of the trimeric SOSS1 complex, exhibits a strong affinity for R-loops, even in the presence of replication protein A (RPA). Our in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the SOSS1 complex and RNAPII form dynamic liquid-like repair compartments at DSBs. Depletion of the SOSS1 complex impairs DNA repair, underscoring its biological role in the R-loop-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Long
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marek Sebesta
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Sedova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Haluza
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adele Alagia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Stefl
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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18
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King KE, Ghosh P, Wozniak AL. TRIM25 dictates selective miRNA loading into extracellular vesicles during inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22952. [PMID: 38135735 PMCID: PMC10746700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are loaded with specific biomolecules in order to perform cell-to-cell communication. Understanding the mechanism of selective cargo loading is important to better understand the physiological and pathological function of EVs. Here we describe a novel target of the E3 ligase TRIM25 and show that inflammation-mediated EV loading of the RNA binding protein FMR1 and its associated microRNA, miR-155, is promoted by TRIM25-mediated K63-ubiquitination of FMR1. This ubiquitination promotes an interaction between FMR1 and the EV loading machinery via the cleavage of the trafficking adaptor protein RILP. These interactions are lost when TRIM25 is knocked down. Loss of TRIM25 also prevents the loading of both FMR1 and miR-155. These findings suggest that inflammation-mediated loading of FMR1 and its associated microRNAs into the EV are dependent on K63-ubiquitination by TRIM25 and provide novel insights and tools to manipulate EV biogenesis for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ann L Wozniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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19
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Utami KH, Yusof NABM, Garcia-Miralles M, Skotte NH, Nama S, Sampath P, Langley SR, Pouladi MA. Dysregulated COMT Expression in Fragile X Syndrome. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:644-649. [PMID: 37684514 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and proteomics analyses in human fragile X syndrome (FXS) neurons identified markedly reduced expression of COMT, a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of catecholamines, including dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. FXS is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. COMT encodes for catechol-o-methyltransferase and its association with neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive function has been extensively studied. We observed a significantly reduced level of COMT in in FXS human neural progenitors and neurons, as well as hippocampal neurons from Fmr1 null mice. We show that deficits in COMT were associated with an altered response in an assay of dopaminergic activity in Fmr1 null mice. These findings demonstrate that loss of FMRP downregulates COMT expression and affects dopamine signaling in FXS, and supports the notion that targeting catecholamine metabolism may be useful in regulating certain neuropsychiatric aspects of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagistia Hana Utami
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Amirah Binte Muhammed Yusof
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niels Henning Skotte
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srikanth Nama
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Prabha Sampath
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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20
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Chojnacka M, Beroun A, Magnowska M, Stawikowska A, Cysewski D, Milek J, Dziembowska M, Kuzniewska B. Impaired synaptic incorporation of AMPA receptors in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1258615. [PMID: 38025260 PMCID: PMC10665894 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1258615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenetic cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism in humans. One of the well-characterized molecular phenotypes of Fmr1 KO mice, a model of FXS, is increased translation of synaptic proteins. Although this upregulation stabilizes in adulthood, abnormalities during the critical period of plasticity have long-term effects on circuit formation and synaptic properties. Using high-resolution quantitative proteomics of synaptoneurosomes isolated from the adult, developed brains of Fmr1 KO mice, we show a differential abundance of proteins regulating the postsynaptic receptor activity of glutamatergic synapses. We investigated the AMPA receptor composition and shuttling in adult Fmr1 KO and WT mice using a variety of complementary experimental strategies such as surface protein crosslinking, immunostaining of surface receptors, and electrophysiology. We discovered that the activity-dependent synaptic delivery of AMPARs is impaired in adult Fmr1 KO mice. Furthermore, we show that Fmr1 KO synaptic AMPARs contain more GluA2 subunits that can be interpreted as a switch in the synaptic AMPAR subtype toward an increased number of Ca2+-impermeable receptors in adult Fmr1 KO synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chojnacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Beroun
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Magnowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stawikowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Milek
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziembowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kuzniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Anisimova AS, Karagöz GE. Optimized infrared photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (IR-PAR-CLIP) protocol identifies novel IGF2BP3-interacting RNAs in colon cancer cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1818-1836. [PMID: 37582618 PMCID: PMC10578486 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079714.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The conserved family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), IGF2BPs, plays an essential role in posttranscriptional regulation controlling mRNA stability, localization, and translation. Mammalian cells express three isoforms of IGF2BPs: IGF2BP1-3. IGF2BP3 is highly overexpressed in cancer cells, and its expression correlates with a poor prognosis in various tumors. Therefore, revealing its target RNAs with high specificity in healthy tissues and in cancer cells is of crucial importance. Photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) identifies the binding sites of RBPs on their target RNAs at nucleotide resolution in a transcriptome-wide manner. Here, we optimized the PAR-CLIP protocol to study RNA targets of endogenous IGF2BP3 in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. To this end, we first established an immunoprecipitation protocol to obtain highly pure endogenous IGF2BP3-RNA complexes. Second, we modified the protocol to use highly sensitive infrared (IR) fluorescent dyes instead of radioactive probes to visualize IGF2BP3-crosslinked RNAs. We named the modified method "IR-PAR-CLIP." Third, we compared RNase cleavage conditions and found that sequence preferences of the RNases impact the number of the identified IGF2BP3 targets and introduce a systematic bias in the identified RNA motifs. Fourth, we adapted the single adapter circular ligation approach to increase the efficiency in library preparation. The optimized IR-PAR-CLIP protocol revealed novel RNA targets of IGF2BP3 in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. We anticipate that our IR-PAR-CLIP approach provides a framework for studies of other RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - G Elif Karagöz
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Li YJ, Zhang K, Sun T, Guo YY, Yang Q, Liu SB, Wu YM, Zhao MG. Improvement of Learning and Memory by Elevating Brain D-Aspartate in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6410-6423. [PMID: 37453994 PMCID: PMC10533629 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited human mental retardation that arises from expansion of a CGG repeat in the Fmr1 gene, causing loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). It is reported that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated facilitation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and fear memory are impaired in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. In this study, biological, pharmacological, and electrophysiological techniques were performed to determine the roles of D-aspartate (D-Asp), a modulator of NMDAR, and its metabolizing enzyme D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) in Fmr1 KO mice. Levels of D-Asp were decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC ); however, the levels of its metabolizing enzyme DDO were increased. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that oral drinking of D-Asp recovered LTP induction in mPFC from Fmr1 KO mice. Moreover, chronic oral administration of D-Asp reversed behavioral deficits of cognition and locomotor coordination in Fmr1 KO mice. The therapeutic action of D-Asp was partially through regulating functions of NMDARs and mGluR5/mTOR/4E-BP signaling pathways. In conclusion, supplement of D-Asp may benefit for synaptic plasticity and behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice and offer a potential therapeutic strategy for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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23
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Larivera S, Neumeier J, Meister G. Post-transcriptional gene silencing in a dynamic RNP world. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1051-1067. [PMID: 37739934 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-guided gene silencing is a key regulatory process in various organisms and linked to many human diseases. MiRNAs are processed from precursor molecules and associate with Argonaute proteins to repress the expression of complementary target mRNAs. Excellent work by numerous labs has contributed to a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of miRNA function. However, miRNA effects have mostly been analyzed and viewed as isolated events and their natural environment as part of complex RNA-protein particles (RNPs) is often neglected. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate key enzymes of the miRNA processing machinery and furthermore RBPs or readers of RNA modifications may modulate miRNA activity on mRNAs. Such proteins may function similarly to miRNAs and add their own contributions to the overall expression level of a particular gene. Therefore, post-transcriptional gene regulation might be more the sum of individual regulatory events and should be viewed as part of a dynamic and complex RNP world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Larivera
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neumeier
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Althammer F. Heralding a new era of oxytocinergic research: New tools, new problems? J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13333. [PMID: 37621199 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
According to classic neuroendocrinology, hypothalamic oxytocin cells can be categorized into parvo- and magnocellular neurons. However, research in the last decade provided ample evidence that this black-and-white model of oxytocin neurons is most likely oversimplified. Novel genetic, functional and morphological studies indicate that oxytocin neurons might be organized in functional modules and suggest the existence of five or more distinct oxytocinergic subpopulations. However, many of these novel, automated high-throughput techniques might be inherently biased and interpretation of acquired data needs to be approached with caution to enable drawing sound and reliable conclusions. In addition, the recent finding that astrocytes in various brain regions express functional oxytocin receptors represents a paradigm shift and challenges the view that oxytocin primarily acts as a direct peptidergic neurotransmitter. This review highlights the latest technical advances in oxytocinergic research, puts recent studies on the oxytocin system into context and formulates various provocative ideas based on novel findings that challenges various prevailing hypotheses and dogmas about oxytocinergic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Garvanska DH, Alvarado RE, Mundt FO, Nilsson E, Duel JK, Coscia F, Lindqvist R, Lokugamage K, Johnson BA, Plante JA, Morris DR, Vu MN, Estes LK, McLeland AM, Walker J, Crocquet-Valdes PA, Mendez BL, Plante KS, Walker DH, Weisser MB, Overby AK, Mann M, Menachery VD, Nilsson J. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks fragile X mental retardation proteins for efficient infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555899. [PMID: 37693415 PMCID: PMC10491247 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses interact with numerous host factors to facilitate viral replication and to dampen antiviral defense mechanisms. We currently have a limited mechanistic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 binds host factors and the functional role of these interactions. Here, we uncover a novel interaction between the viral NSP3 protein and the fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMRPs: FMR1 and FXR1-2). SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 mutant viruses preventing FMRP binding have attenuated replication in vitro and have delayed disease onset in vivo. We show that a unique peptide motif in NSP3 binds directly to the two central KH domains of FMRPs and that this interaction is disrupted by the I304N mutation found in a patient with fragile X syndrome. NSP3 binding to FMRPs disrupts their interaction with the stress granule component UBAP2L through direct competition with a peptide motif in UBAP2L to prevent FMRP incorporation into stress granules. Collectively, our results provide novel insight into how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cell proteins for efficient infection and provides molecular insight to the possible underlying molecular defects in fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitriya H Garvanska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rojelio E Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Filip Oskar Mundt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Josephine Kerzel Duel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kumari Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan A Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Dorothea R Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Michelle N Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Leah K Estes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alyssa M McLeland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jordyn Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | | | - Blanca Lopez Mendez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - David H Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Melanie Bianca Weisser
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K Overby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center of Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Winden KD, Pham TT, Teaney NA, Ruiz J, Chen R, Chen C, Sahin M. Increased degradation of FMRP contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability in tuberous sclerosis complex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112838. [PMID: 37494191 PMCID: PMC10529098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, but new therapies have been impeded by a lack of understanding of the pathological mechanisms. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and fragile X syndrome are associated with alterations in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP), which have been implicated in the development of ASD. Previously, we observed that transcripts associated with FMRP were down-regulated in TSC2-deficient neurons. In this study, we find that FMRP turnover is dysregulated in TSC2-deficient rodent primary neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and is dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex. We also demonstrate that overexpression of FMRP can partially rescue hyperexcitability in TSC2-deficient iPSC-derived neurons. These data indicate that FMRP dysregulation represents an important pathological mechanism in the development of abnormal neuronal activity in TSC and illustrate a molecular convergence between these two neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen D Winden
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Truc T Pham
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole A Teaney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Chen
- Human Neuron Core, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cidi Chen
- Human Neuron Core, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Chen YS, Dong J, Tan W, Liu H, Zhang SM, Zou J, Chen YQ, Bai SY, Zeng Y. The potential role of ribonucleic acid methylation in the pathological mechanisms of fragile X syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114586. [PMID: 37467965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common inherited cause of intellectual disabilities and single-gene cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), resulting from the loss of functional fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein (RBP) encoded by the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation can lead to developmental diseases, including FXS, through various mechanisms mediated by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-methyladenosine, etc. Emerging evidence suggests that modifications of some RNA species have been linked to FXS. However, the underlying pathological mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In this review, we reviewed the implication of RNA modification in FXS and summarized its specific characteristics for facilitating the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Qi Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Bai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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28
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Valenti D, Vacca RA. Brain Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Down, Rett and Fragile X Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12488. [PMID: 37569863 PMCID: PMC10419900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, far beyond their prominent role as cellular powerhouses, are complex cellular organelles active as central metabolic hubs that are capable of integrating and controlling several signaling pathways essential for neurological processes, including neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. On the other hand, mitochondria are themselves regulated from a series of signaling proteins to achieve the best efficiency in producing energy, in establishing a network and in performing their own de novo synthesis or clearance. Dysfunctions in signaling processes that control mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and bioenergetics are increasingly associated with impairment in brain development and involved in a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review recent evidence proving the emerging role of mitochondria as master regulators of brain bioenergetics, highlighting their control skills in brain neurodevelopment and cognition. We analyze, from a mechanistic point of view, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction as causally interrelated to the origins of typical genetic intellectual disability-related neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Down, Rett and Fragile X syndromes. Finally, we discuss whether mitochondria can become therapeutic targets to improve brain development and function from a holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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29
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Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Villa PA, Hijleh SA, Avalos B, DiPatrizio NV, Haga-Yamanaka S, Coss D. Increased body weight in mice with fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (Fmr1) gene mutation is associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12666. [PMID: 37542065 PMCID: PMC10403586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene are linked to Fragile X Syndrome, the most common monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism. People affected with mutations in FMR1 have higher incidence of obesity, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current study, we determined that male Fmr1 knockout mice (KO, Fmr1-/y), but not female Fmr1-/-, exhibit increased weight when compared to wild-type controls, similarly to humans with FMR1 mutations. No differences in food or water intake were found between groups; however, male Fmr1-/y display lower locomotor activity, especially during their active phase. Moreover, Fmr1-/y have olfactory dysfunction determined by buried food test, although they exhibit increased compulsive behavior, determined by marble burying test. Since olfactory brain regions communicate with hypothalamic regions that regulate food intake, including POMC neurons that also regulate locomotion, we examined POMC neuron innervation and numbers in Fmr1-/y mice. POMC neurons express Fmrp, and POMC neurons in Fmr1-/y have higher inhibitory GABAergic synaptic inputs. Consistent with increased inhibitory innervation, POMC neurons in the Fmr1-/y mice exhibit lower activity, based on cFOS expression. Notably, Fmr1-/y mice have fewer POMC neurons than controls, specifically in the rostral arcuate nucleus, which could contribute to decreased locomotion and increased body weight. These results suggest a role for Fmr1 in the regulation of POMC neuron function and the etiology of Fmr1-linked obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pedro A Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sarah Abu Hijleh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Bryant Avalos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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30
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Talvio K, Wagner VA, Minkeviciene R, Kirkwood JS, Kulinich AO, Umemori J, Bhatia A, Hur M, Käkelä R, Ethell IM, Castrén ML. An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:789. [PMID: 37516746 PMCID: PMC10387075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential membrane structural component and steroid hormone precursor, and is involved in numerous signaling processes. Astrocytes regulate brain cholesterol homeostasis and they supply cholesterol to the needs of neurons. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is the main cholesterol efflux transporter in astrocytes. Here we show dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in astrocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from males with fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. ABCA1 levels are reduced in FXS human and mouse astrocytes when compared with controls. Accumulation of cholesterol associates with increased desmosterol and polyunsaturated phospholipids in the lipidome of FXS mouse astrocytes. Abnormal astrocytic responses to cytokine exposure together with altered anti-inflammatory and cytokine profiles of human FXS astrocyte secretome suggest contribution of inflammatory factors to altered cholesterol homeostasis. Our results demonstrate changes of astrocytic lipid metabolism, which can critically regulate membrane properties and affect cholesterol transport in FXS astrocytes, providing target for therapy in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Talvio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria A Wagner
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rimante Minkeviciene
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jay S Kirkwood
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anna O Kulinich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Gene and Cell Technology, A.I.Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anil Bhatia
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, Biocenter Finland (Metabolomics), and Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maija L Castrén
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Zhu Z, Huang X, Du M, Wu C, Fu J, Tan W, Wu B, Zhang J, Liao ZB. Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2630-2644. [PMID: 37340171 PMCID: PMC10615752 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is usually considered a psychiatric disorder upon emotional trauma. However, with the rising number of conflicts and traffic accidents around the world, the incidence of PTSD has skyrocketed along with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a complex neuropathological disease due to external physical force and is also the most common concurrent disease of PTSD. Recently, the overlap between PTSD and TBI is increasingly attracting attention, as it has the potential to stimulate the emergence of novel treatments for both conditions. Of note, treatments exploiting the microRNAs (miRNAs), a well-known class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have rapidly gained momentum in many nervous system disorders, given the miRNAs' multitudinous and key regulatory role in various biological processes, including neural development and normal functioning of the nervous system. Currently, a wealth of studies has elucidated the similarities of PTSD and TBI in pathophysiology and symptoms; however, there is a dearth of discussion with respect to miRNAs in both PTSD and TBI. In this review, we summarize the recent available studies of miRNAs in PTSD and TBI and discuss and highlight promising miRNAs therapeutics for both conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Z B Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Caredda E, Pedini G, D'Amico F, Scioli MG, Pacini L, Orsaria P, Vanni G, Buonomo OC, Orlandi A, Bagni C, Palombi L. FMRP expression in primary breast tumor cells correlates with recurrence and specific site of metastasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287062. [PMID: 37379311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Molecular and clinical evidence indicated that Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) plays a role in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that regulates the metabolism of a large group of mRNAs coding for proteins involved in both neural processes and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a pivotal mechanism that in cancer is associated to tumor progression, aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Here, we carried out a retrospective case-control study of 127 patients, to study the expression of FMRP and its correlation with metastasis formation in breast cancer. Consistent with previous findings, we found that FMRP levels are high in tumor tissue. Two categories have been analyzed, tumor with no metastases (referred as control tumors, 84 patients) and tumor with distant metastatic repetition, (referred as cases, 43 patients), with a follow-up of 7 years (mean). We found that FMRP levels were lower in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm in the cases compared to control tumors. Next, within the category cases (tumor with metastases) we evaluated FMRP expression in the specific sites of metastasis revealing a nuclear staining of FMRP. In addition, FMRP expression in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartment was significantly lower in patients who developed brain and bone metastases and higher in hepatic and pulmonary sites. While further studies are required to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of FMRP expression and direct or inverse correlation with the secondary metastatic site, our findings suggest that FMRP levels might be considered a prognostic factor for site-specific metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caredda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pedini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - P Orsaria
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - G Vanni
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - O C Buonomo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Chaves-Arquero B, Collins KM, Abis G, Kelly G, Christodoulou E, Taylor IA, Ramos A. Affinity-enhanced RNA-binding domains as tools to understand RNA recognition. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100508. [PMID: 37426752 PMCID: PMC10326445 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the RNA-binding domains of a protein regulator are used to recognize its RNA targets is a key problem in RNA biology, but RNA-binding domains with very low affinity do not perform well in the methods currently available to characterize protein-RNA interactions. Here, we propose to use conservative mutations that enhance the affinity of RNA-binding domains to overcome this limitation. As a proof of principle, we have designed and validated an affinity-enhanced K-homology (KH) domain mutant of the fragile X syndrome protein FMRP, a key regulator of neuronal development, and used this mutant to determine the domain's sequence preference and to explain FMRP recognition of specific RNA motifs in the cell. Our results validate our concept and our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based workflow. While effective mutant design requires an understanding of the underlying principles of RNA recognition by the relevant domain type, we expect the method will be used effectively in many RNA-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Chaves-Arquero
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB), University College London, London WC1E 6AA, UK
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Center for Biological Research, CIB, CSIC, Av. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine M. Collins
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB), University College London, London WC1E 6AA, UK
| | - Giancarlo Abis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB), University College London, London WC1E 6AA, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- The Medical Research Council Biomedical NMR Centre, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Evangelos Christodoulou
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian A. Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andres Ramos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB), University College London, London WC1E 6AA, UK
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Life B, Bettio LE, Gantois I, Christie BR, Leavitt BR. Progranulin is an FMRP target that influences macroorchidism but not behaviour in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100094. [PMID: 37416094 PMCID: PMC10319828 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has implicated progranulin in neurodevelopment and indicated that aberrant progranulin expression may be involved in neurodevelopmental disease. Specifically, increased progranulin expression in the prefrontal cortex has been suggested to be pathologically relevant in male Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1 KO) mice, a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Further investigation into the role of progranulin in FXS is warranted to determine if therapies that reduce progranulin expression represent a viable strategy for treating patients with FXS. Several key knowledge gaps remain. The mechanism of increased progranulin expression in Fmr1 KO mice is poorly understood and the extent of progranulin's involvement in FXS-like phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice has been incompletely explored. To this end, we have performed a thorough characterization of progranulin expression in Fmr1 KO mice. We find that the phenomenon of increased progranulin expression is post-translational and tissue-specific. We also demonstrate for the first time an association between progranulin mRNA and FMRP, suggesting that progranulin mRNA is an FMRP target. Subsequently, we show that progranulin over-expression in Fmr1 wild-type mice causes reduced repetitive behaviour engagement in females and mild hyperactivity in males but is largely insufficient to recapitulate FXS-associated behavioural, morphological, and electrophysiological abnormalities. Lastly, we determine that genetic reduction of progranulin expression on an Fmr1 KO background reduces macroorchidism but does not alter other FXS-associated behaviours or biochemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Life
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Luis E.B. Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ilse Gantois
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2T5, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2T5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Blair R. Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Dias CM, Issac B, Sun L, Lukowicz A, Talukdar M, Akula SK, Miller MB, Walsh K, Rockowitz S, Walsh CA. Glial dysregulation in the human brain in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300052120. [PMID: 37252957 PMCID: PMC10265985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300052120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Short trinucleotide expansions at the FMR1 locus are associated with the late-onset condition fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), which shows very different clinical and pathological features from fragile X syndrome (associated with longer expansions), with no clear molecular explanation for these marked differences. One prevailing theory posits that the shorter, premutation expansion uniquely causes extreme neurotoxic increases in FMR1 mRNA (i.e., four to eightfold increases), but evidence to support this hypothesis is largely derived from analysis of peripheral blood. We applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing to postmortem frontal cortex and cerebellum from 7 individuals with premutation and matched controls (n = 6) to assess cell type-specific molecular neuropathology. We found only modest upregulation (~1.3-fold) of FMR1 in some glial populations associated with premutation expansions. In premutation cases, we also identified decreased astrocyte proportions in the cortex. Differential expression and gene ontology analysis demonstrated altered neuroregulatory roles of glia. Using network analyses, we identified cell type-specific and region-specific patterns of FMR1 protein target gene dysregulation unique to premutation cases, with notable network dysregulation in the cortical oligodendrocyte lineage. We used pseudotime trajectory analysis to determine how oligodendrocyte development was altered and identified differences in early gene expression in oligodendrocyte trajectories in premutation cases specifically, implicating early cortical glial developmental perturbations. These findings challenge dogma regarding extremely elevated FMR1 increases in FXTAS and implicate glial dysregulation as a critical facet of premutation pathophysiology, representing potential unique therapeutic targets directly derived from the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Dias
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, and Denver Fragile X Clinic and Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Biju Issac
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Abigail Lukowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, and Denver Fragile X Clinic and Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Maya Talukdar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD/PhD Program, Program in Bioinformatics & Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shyam K. Akula
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD/PhD Program, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Katherine Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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36
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Ruan X, Hu K, Zhang X. PIE-seq: identifying RNA-binding protein targets by dual RNA-deaminase editing and sequencing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3275. [PMID: 37280234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for gene regulation, but it remains a challenge to identify their RNA targets across cell types. Here we present PIE-Seq to investigate Protein-RNA Interaction with dual-deaminase Editing and Sequencing by conjugating C-to-U and A-to-I base editors to RBPs. We benchmark PIE-Seq and demonstrate its sensitivity in single cells, its application in the developing brain, and its scalability with 25 human RBPs. Bulk PIE-Seq identifies canonical binding features for RBPs such as PUM2 and NOVA1, and nominates additional target genes for most tested RBPs such as SRSF1 and TDP-43/TARDBP. Homologous RBPs frequently edit similar sequences and gene sets in PIE-Seq while different RBP families show distinct targets. Single-cell PIE-PUM2 uncovers comparable targets to bulk samples and applying PIE-PUM2 to the developing mouse neocortex identifies neural-progenitor- and neuron-specific target genes such as App. In summary, PIE-Seq provides an orthogonal approach and resource to uncover RBP targets in mice and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Ruan
- Department of Human Genetics and The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaining Hu
- Department of Human Genetics and The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics and The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Yang X, Yang L. Current understanding of the genomic abnormities in premature ovarian failure: chance for early diagnosis and management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1194865. [PMID: 37332766 PMCID: PMC10274511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an insidious cause of female infertility and a devastating condition for women. POF also has a strong familial and heterogeneous genetic background. Management of POF is complicated by the variable etiology and presentation, which are generally characterized by abnormal hormone levels, gene instability and ovarian dysgenesis. To date, abnormal regulation associated with POF has been found in a small number of genes, including autosomal and sex chromosomal genes in folliculogenesis, granulosa cells, and oocytes. Due to the complex genomic contributions, ascertaining the exact causative mechanisms has been challenging in POF, and many pathogenic genomic characteristics have yet to be elucidated. However, emerging research has provided new insights into genomic variation in POF as well as novel etiological factors, pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic intervention approaches. Meanwhile, scattered studies of transcriptional regulation revealed that ovarian cell function also depends on specific biomarker gene expression, which can influence protein activities, thus causing POF. In this review, we summarized the latest research and issues related to the genomic basis for POF and focused on insights gained from their biological effects and pathogenic mechanisms in POF. The present integrated studies of genomic variants, gene expression and related protein abnormalities were structured to establish the role of etiological genes associated with POF. In addition, we describe the design of some ongoing clinical trials that may suggest safe, feasible and effective approaches to improve the diagnosis and therapy of POF, such as Filgrastim, goserelin, resveratrol, natural plant antitoxin, Kuntai capsule et al. Understanding the candidate genomic characteristics in POF is beneficial for the early diagnosis of POF and provides appropriate methods for prevention and drug treatment. Additional efforts to clarify the POF genetic background are necessary and are beneficial for researchers and clinicians regarding genetic counseling and clinical practice. Taken together, recent genomic explorations have shown great potential to elucidate POF management in women and are stepping from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Giua G, Lassalle O, Makrini-Maleville L, Valjent E, Chavis P, Manzoni OJJ. Investigating cell-specific effects of FMRP deficiency on spiny projection neurons in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1146647. [PMID: 37323585 PMCID: PMC10264852 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1146647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fragile X syndrome (FXS), resulting from a mutation in the Fmr1 gene, is the most common monogenic cause of autism and inherited intellectual disability. Fmr1 encodes the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), and its absence leads to cognitive, emotional, and social deficits compatible with the nucleus accumbens (NAc) dysfunction. This structure is pivotal in social behavior control, consisting mainly of spiny projection neurons (SPNs), distinguished by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor expression, connectivity, and associated behavioral functions. This study aims to examine how FMRP absence differentially affects SPN cellular properties, which is crucial for categorizing FXS cellular endophenotypes. Methods We utilized a novel Fmr1-/y::Drd1a-tdTomato mouse model, which allows in-situ identification of SPN subtypes in FXS mice. Using RNA-sequencing, RNAScope and ex-vivo patch-clamp in adult male mice NAc, we comprehensively compared the intrinsic passive and active properties of SPN subtypes. Results Fmr1 transcripts and their gene product, FMRP, were found in both SPNs subtypes, indicating potential cell-specific functions for Fmr1. The study found that the distinguishing membrane properties and action potential kinetics typically separating D1- from D2-SPNs in wild-type mice were either reversed or abolished in Fmr1-/y::Drd1a-tdTomato mice. Interestingly, multivariate analysis highlighted the compound effects of Fmr1 ablation by disclosing how the phenotypic traits distinguishing each cell type in wild-type mice were altered in FXS. Discussion Our results suggest that the absence of FMRP disrupts the standard dichotomy characterizing NAc D1- and D2-SPNs, resulting in a homogenous phenotype. This shift in cellular properties could potentially underpin select aspects of the pathology observed in FXS. Therefore, understanding the nuanced effects of FMRP absence on SPN subtypes can offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of FXS, opening avenues for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giua
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Cannalab “Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory”, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lassalle
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Cannalab “Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory”, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Valjent
- IGF, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Chavis
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Cannalab “Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory”, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier J. J. Manzoni
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Cannalab “Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory”, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France
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Chalkiadaki K, Hooshmandi M, Lach G, Statoulla E, Simbriger K, Amorim IS, Kouloulia S, Zafeiri M, Pothos P, Bonneil É, Gantois I, Popic J, Kim SH, Wong C, Cao R, Komiyama NH, Atlasi Y, Jafarnejad SM, Khoutorsky A, Gkogkas CG. Mnk1/2 kinases regulate memory and autism-related behaviours via Syngap1. Brain 2023; 146:2175-2190. [PMID: 36315645 PMCID: PMC10411928 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK interacting protein kinases 1 and 2 (Mnk1/2) regulate a plethora of functions, presumably via phosphorylation of their best characterized substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) on Ser209. Here, we show that, whereas deletion of Mnk1/2 (Mnk double knockout) impairs synaptic plasticity and memory in mice, ablation of phospho-eIF4E (Ser209) does not affect these processes, suggesting that Mnk1/2 possess additional downstream effectors in the brain. Translational profiling revealed only a small overlap between the Mnk1/2- and phospho-eIF4E(Ser209)-regulated translatome. We identified the synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1 (Syngap1), encoded by a syndromic autism gene, as a downstream target of Mnk1 because Syngap1 immunoprecipitated with Mnk1 and showed reduced phosphorylation (S788) in Mnk double knockout mice. Knockdown of Syngap1 reversed memory deficits in Mnk double knockout mice and pharmacological inhibition of Mnks rescued autism-related phenotypes in Syngap1+/- mice. Thus, Syngap1 is a downstream effector of Mnk1, and the Mnks-Syngap1 axis regulates memory formation and autism-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mehdi Hooshmandi
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Gilliard Lach
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elpida Statoulla
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstanze Simbriger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ines S Amorim
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stella Kouloulia
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Zafeiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Pothos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Station Centreville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ilse Gantois
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jelena Popic
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Yaser Atlasi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Mitchell ME, Cook LC, Shiers S, Tavares-Ferreira D, Akopian AN, Dussor G, Price TJ. Characterization of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein expression in human nociceptors and their axonal projections to the spinal dorsal horn. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:814-835. [PMID: 36808110 PMCID: PMC10038933 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) regulates activity-dependent RNA localization and local translation to modulate synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system. Mutations in the FMR1 gene that hinder or ablate FMRP function cause Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), a disorder associated with sensory processing dysfunction. FXS premutations are associated with increased FMRP expression and neurological impairments including sex dimorphic presentations of chronic pain. In mice, FMRP ablation causes dysregulated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron excitability and synaptic vesicle exocytosis, spinal circuit activity, and decreased translation-dependent nociceptive sensitization. Activity-dependent, local translation is a key mechanism for enhancing primary nociceptor excitability that promotes pain in animals and humans. These works indicate that FMRP likely regulates nociception and pain at the level of the primary nociceptor or spinal cord. Therefore, we sought to better understand FMRP expression in the human DRG and spinal cord using immunostaining in organ donor tissues. We find that FMRP is highly expressed in DRG and spinal neuron subsets with substantia gelatinosa exhibiting the most abundant immunoreactivity in spinal synaptic fields. Here, it is expressed in nociceptor axons. FMRP puncta colocalized with Nav1.7 and TRPV1 receptor signals suggesting a pool of axoplasmic FMRP localizes to plasma membrane-associated loci in these branches. Interestingly, FMRP puncta exhibited notable colocalization with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity selectively in female spinal cord. Our results support a regulatory role for FMRP in human nociceptor axons of the dorsal horn and implicate it in the sex dimorphic actions of CGRP signaling in nociceptive sensitization and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Mitchell
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren C Cook
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Anadolu MN, Sun J, Kailasam S, Chalkiadaki K, Krimbacher K, Li JTY, Markova T, Jafarnejad SM, Lefebvre F, Ortega J, Gkogkas CG, Sossin WS. Ribosomes in RNA Granules Are Stalled on mRNA Sequences That Are Consensus Sites for FMRP Association. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2440-2459. [PMID: 36849416 PMCID: PMC10082463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1002-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Local translation in neurons is partly mediated by the reactivation of stalled polysomes. Stalled polysomes may be enriched within the granule fraction, defined as the pellet of sucrose gradients used to separate polysomes from monosomes. The mechanism of how elongating ribosomes are reversibly stalled and unstalled on mRNAs is still unclear. In the present study, we characterize the ribosomes in the granule fraction using immunoblotting, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and ribosome profiling. We find that this fraction, isolated from 5-d-old rat brains of both sexes, is enriched in proteins implicated in stalled polysome function, such as the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and Up-frameshift mutation 1 homologue. Cryo-EM analysis of ribosomes in this fraction indicates they are stalled, mainly in the hybrid state. Ribosome profiling of this fraction reveals (1) an enrichment for footprint reads of mRNAs that interact with FMRPs and are associated with stalled polysomes, (2) an abundance of footprint reads derived from mRNAs of cytoskeletal proteins implicated in neuronal development, and (3) increased ribosome occupancy on mRNAs encoding RNA binding proteins. Compared with those usually found in ribosome profiling studies, the footprint reads were longer and were mapped to reproducible peaks in the mRNAs. These peaks were enriched in motifs previously associated with mRNAs cross-linked to FMRP in vivo, independently linking the ribosomes in the granule fraction to the ribosomes associated with FMRP in the cell. The data supports a model in which specific sequences in mRNAs act to stall ribosomes during translation elongation in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons send mRNAs to synapses in RNA granules, where they are not translated until an appropriate stimulus is given. Here, we characterize a granule fraction obtained from sucrose gradients and show that polysomes in this fraction are stalled on consensus sequences in a specific state of translational arrest with extended ribosome-protected fragments. This finding greatly increases our understanding of how neurons use specialized mechanisms to regulate translation and suggests that many studies on neuronal translation may need to be re-evaluated to include the large fraction of neuronal polysomes found in the pellet of sucrose gradients used to isolate polysomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina N Anadolu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Senthilkumar Kailasam
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstanze Krimbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria Division of Biomedical Research, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jewel T-Y Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Teodora Markova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Seyed M Jafarnejad
- Patrick G, Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Lefebvre
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
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Miller SC, MacDonald CC, Kellogg MK, Karamysheva ZN, Karamyshev AL. Specialized Ribosomes in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076334. [PMID: 37047306 PMCID: PMC10093926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal heterogeneity exists within cells and between different cell types, at specific developmental stages, and occurs in response to environmental stimuli. Mounting evidence supports the existence of specialized ribosomes, or specific changes to the ribosome that regulate the translation of a specific group of transcripts. These alterations have been shown to affect the affinity of ribosomes for certain mRNAs or change the cotranslational folding of nascent polypeptides at the exit tunnel. The identification of specialized ribosomes requires evidence of the incorporation of different ribosomal proteins or of modifications to rRNA and/or protein that lead(s) to physiologically relevant changes in translation. In this review, we summarize ribosomal heterogeneity and specialization in mammals and discuss their relevance to several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Clinton C. MacDonald
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Morgana K. Kellogg
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Andrey L. Karamyshev
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-4102
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Song C, Broadie K. Fragile X mental retardation protein coordinates neuron-to-glia communication for clearance of developmentally transient brain neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216887120. [PMID: 36920921 PMCID: PMC10041173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216887120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developmental remodeling of brain circuits, neurons are removed by glial phagocytosis to optimize adult behavior. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) regulates neuron-to-glia signaling to drive glial phagocytosis for targeted neuron pruning. We find that FMRP acts in a mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad)-insulin receptor (InR)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway to regulate pretaporter (Prtp) and amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) signals directing this glial clearance. Neuronal RNAi of Drosophila fragile X mental retardation 1 (dfmr1) elevates mad transcript levels and increases pMad signaling. Neuronal dfmr1 and mad RNAi both elevate phospho-protein kinase B (pAkt) and delay neuron removal but cause opposite effects on InR expression. Genetically correcting pAkt levels in the mad RNAi background restores normal remodeling. Consistently, neuronal dfmr1 and mad RNAi both decrease Prtp levels, whereas neuronal InR and akt RNAi increase Prtp levels, indicating FMRP works with pMad and insulin signaling to tightly regulate Prtp signaling and thus control glial phagocytosis for correct circuit remodeling. Neuronal dfmr1 and mad and akt RNAi all decrease APPL levels, with the pathway signaling higher glial endolysosome activity for phagocytosis. These findings reveal a FMRP-dependent control pathway for neuron-to-glia communication in neuronal pruning, identifying potential molecular mechanisms for devising fragile X syndrome treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhu Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
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Gao MM, Shi H, Yan HJ, Long YS. Proteome profiling of the prefrontal cortex of Fmr1 knockout mouse reveals enhancement of complement and coagulation cascades. J Proteomics 2023; 274:104822. [PMID: 36646274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) deficit resulted from mutations in its encoded fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1) gene is a common inherited cause of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) characterized by intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The FMRP absence-induced altered gene expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with autistic behaviors. However, there lacks a large-scale protein profiling in the PFC upon loss of FMRP. This study used a TMT-labeled proteomic analysis to identify a protein profile of the PFC in the Fmr1 knockout mouse. A total of 5886 proteins were identified in the PFC with 100 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in response to FMRP deficiency. Bioinformatical analyses showed that these DAPs were mostly enriched in immune system, extracellular part and complement and coagulation cascades. The complement and coagulation cascades include 6 upregulated proteins (SERPING1, C1QA, C3, FGA, FGB and FGG), which are associated with fibrin degradation, cell lysis, degranulation chemotaxis and phagocytosis linked to activation of immune and inflammatory responses. Thus, our data provide an altered protein profile upon loss of FMRP in the PFC, and suggest that the enhancement of complement and coagulation cascades might contribute to etiological and pathogenic roles of ASD in FXS. SIGNIFICANCE: The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of neurobiological disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction barriers and other abnormal behaviors, is still elusive. Autistic-like phenotypes are present in both Fragile X syndrome (FXS) patients and FMRP-deficiency FXS models. Given that prefrontal cortex is a critical brain area for social interaction, the FMRP absence induced-changes of a subset of proteins might contribute to ASD in FXS. Using a comprehensive proteomic analysis, this study provides a prefrontal protein profile of the FMRP-absent mouse with a total of 100 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Bioinformatic analyses suggest that these DAPs are mainly involved in the regulations of immune system and complement and coagulation cascades. We also show that 6 upregulated proteins (SERPING1, C1QA, C3, FGA, FGB and FGG) in the complement and coagulation cascades are associated with fibrin degradation, cell lysis, degranulation chemotaxis and phagocytosis regarding dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses in the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, this study suggests that these FMRP-deficient DAPs in the prefrontal cortex might contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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45
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Kato H, Kimura H, Kushima I, Takahashi N, Aleksic B, Ozaki N. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia: review of large-scale genetic studies. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:175-182. [PMID: 35821406 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and often chronic psychiatric disorder with high heritability. Diagnosis of schizophrenia is still made clinically based on psychiatric symptoms; no diagnostic tests or biomarkers are available. Pathophysiology-based diagnostic scheme and treatments are also not available. Elucidation of the pathogenesis is needed for development of pathology-based diagnostics and treatments. In the past few decades, genetic research has made substantial advances in our understanding of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia. Rare copy number variations (CNVs) and rare single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) detected by whole-genome CNV analysis and whole-genome/-exome sequencing analysis have provided the great advances. Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by large-scale genome-wide association studies have also provided important information. Large-scale genetic studies have been revealed that both rare and common genetic variants play crucial roles in this disorder. In this review, we focused on CNVs, SNVs, and SNPs, and discuss the latest research findings on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia based on these genetic variants. Rare variants with large effect sizes can provide mechanistic hypotheses. CRISPR-based genetics approaches and induced pluripotent stem cell technology can facilitate the functional analysis of these variants detected in patients with schizophrenia. Recent advances in long-read sequence technology are expected to detect variants that cannot be detected by short-read sequence technology. Various studies that bring together data from common variant and transcriptomic datasets provide biological insight. These new approaches will provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and facilitate the development of pathology-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Fragile X-Related Protein FXR1 Controls Human Adenovirus Capsid mRNA Metabolism. J Virol 2023; 97:e0153922. [PMID: 36749074 PMCID: PMC9972981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01539-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are widespread pathogens causing a variety of diseases. A well-controlled expression of virus capsid mRNAs originating from the major late transcription unit (MLTU) is essential for forming the infectious virus progeny. However, regulation of the MLTU mRNA metabolism has mainly remained enigmatic. In this study, we show that the cellular RNA-binding protein FXR1 controls the stability of the HAdV-5 MLTU mRNAs, as depletion of FXR1 resulted in increased steady-state levels of MLTU mRNAs. Surprisingly, the lack of FXR1 reduced viral capsid protein accumulation and formation of the infectious virus progeny, indicating an opposing function of FXR1 in HAdV-5 infection. Further, the long FXR1 isoform interfered with MLTU mRNA translation, suggesting FXR1 isoform-specific functions in virus-infected cells. We also show that the FXR1 protein interacts with N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified MLTU mRNAs, thereby acting as a novel m6A reader protein in HAdV-5 infected cells. Collectively, our study identifies FXR1 as a regulator of MLTU mRNA metabolism in the lytic HAdV-5 life cycle. IMPORTANCE Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens causing various self-limiting diseases, such as the common cold and conjunctivitis. Even though adenoviruses have been studied for more than 6 decades, there are still gaps in understanding how the virus interferes with the host cell to achieve efficient growth. In this study, we identified the cellular RNA-binding protein FXR1 as a factor manipulating the HAdV life cycle. We show that the FXR1 protein specifically interferes with mRNAs encoding essential viral capsid proteins. Since the lack of the FXR1 protein reduces virus growth, we propose that FXR1 can be considered a novel cellular proviral factor needed for efficient HAdV growth. Collectively, our study provides new detailed insights about the HAdV-host interactions, which might be helpful when developing countermeasures against pathogenic adenovirus infections and for improving adenovirus-based therapies.
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Villa PA, Lainez NM, Jonak CR, Berlin SC, Ethell IM, Coss D. Altered GnRH neuron and ovarian innervation characterize reproductive dysfunction linked to the Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein ( Fmr1) gene mutation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129534. [PMID: 36909303 PMCID: PMC9992745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mutations in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene cause Fragile X Syndrome, the most common monogenic cause of intellectual disability. Mutations of FMR1 are also associated with reproductive disorders, such as early cessation of reproductive function in females. While progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of mental impairment, the causes of reproductive disorders are not clear. FMR1-associated reproductive disorders were studied exclusively from the endocrine perspective, while the FMR1 role in neurons that control reproduction was not addressed. Results Here, we demonstrate that similar to women with FMR1 mutations, female Fmr1 null mice stop reproducing early. However, young null females display larger litters, more corpora lutea in the ovaries, increased inhibin, progesterone, testosterone, and gonadotropin hormones in the circulation. Ovariectomy reveals both hypothalamic and ovarian contribution to elevated gonadotropins. Altered mRNA and protein levels of several synaptic molecules in the hypothalamus are identified, indicating reasons for hypothalamic dysregulation. Increased vascularization of corpora lutea, higher sympathetic innervation of growing follicles in the ovaries of Fmr1 nulls, and higher numbers of synaptic GABAA receptors in GnRH neurons, which are excitatory for GnRH neurons, contribute to increased FSH and LH, respectively. Unmodified and ovariectomized Fmr1 nulls have increased LH pulse frequency, suggesting that Fmr1 nulls exhibit hyperactive GnRH neurons, regardless of the ovarian feedback. Conclusion These results reveal Fmr1 function in the regulation of GnRH neuron secretion, and point to the role of GnRH neurons, in addition to the ovarian innervation, in the etiology of Fmr1-mediated reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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Sun Y, Hu X, Qiu D, Zhang Z, Lei L. rDNA Transcription in Developmental Diseases and Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:839-852. [PMID: 36633782 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As the first and rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis, rDNA transcription undergoes significant dynamic changes during cell pluripotency alteration. Over the past decades, rDNA activity has demonstrated dynamic changes, but most people view it as passive compliance with cellular needs. The evidence for rDNA transcriptional activity determining stem cell pluripotency is growing as research advances, resulting in the arrest of embryonic development and impairment of stem cell lines stemness by rDNA transcription inhibition. The exact mechanism by which rDNA activation influences pluripotency remains unknown. The first objective of this opinion article is to describe rDNA changes in the pathological and physiological course of life, including developmental diseases, tumor genesis, and stem cell differentiation. After that, we propose three hypotheses regarding rDNA regulation of pluripotency: 1) Specialized ribosomes synthesized from rDNA variant, 2) Nucleolar stress induced by the drop of rDNA transcription, 3) Interchromosomal interactions between rDNA and other genes. The pluripotency regulatory center is expected to focus strongly on rDNA. A small molecule inhibitor of rDNA is used to treat tumors caused by abnormal pluripotency activation. By understanding how rDNA regulates pluripotency, we hope to treat developmental diseases and safely apply somatic cell reprogramming in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Xinglin Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Dan Qiu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081.
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CircSETD3 mediates acquired resistance to gefitinib in non-small lung cancer cells by FXR1/ECT2 pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 154:106344. [PMID: 36503048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gefitinib is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR sensitive mutation. However, acquired resistance significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy. CircSETD3 has been reported to promote gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells, however, its underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. METHODS The expression of circSETD3 were detected in NSCLC patients who received gefitinib as first-line treatment, including 20 gefitinib-sensitive patients and 20 acquired gefitinib-resistant patients. Cell viability were examined by CCK8 assay. The mRNA and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Using RNA pull-down assay followed by mass spectrometry to identified proteins that interact with circSETD3. The interaction between circSETD3 and fragile X-related protein-1 (FXR1) were further validated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down analysis. Fuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays was used for the identification of sub-location of circSETD3 and FXR1 in cells. The effect of circSETD3 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC tumor growth to gefitinib sensitivity was detected using the mouse xenograft model. RESULTS CircSETD3 was significantly upregulated in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and decreased the gefitinib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, circSETD3 facilitated FXR1 binding to its downstream mRNA target, epithelial cell-transforming sequence 2 (ECT2), promoting ECT2 mRNA decay, which further inhibited cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSION CircSETD3/FXR1/ECT2 axis plays a critical role in the acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC. Our results highlight the potential of circSETD3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC patients with acquired gefitinib resistance.
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50
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Fan Y, Lv X, Chen Z, Peng Y, Zhang M. m6A methylation: Critical roles in aging and neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102147. [PMID: 36896007 PMCID: PMC9990872 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, which participates in the functional regulation of various biological processes. It regulates the expression of targeted genes by affecting RNA translocation, alternative splicing, maturation, stability, and degradation. As recent evidence shows, of all organs, brain has the highest abundance of m6A methylation of RNAs, which indicates its regulating role in central nervous system (CNS) development and the remodeling of the cerebrovascular system. Recent studies have shown that altered m6A levels are crucial in the aging process and the onset and progression of age-related diseases. Considering that the incidence of cerebrovascular and degenerative neurologic diseases increase with aging, the importance of m6A in neurological manifestations cannot be ignored. In this manuscript, we focus on the role of m6A methylation in aging and neurological manifestations, hoping to provide a new direction for the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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