1
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Xu X, Jin K, Xu X, Yang Y, Zhou B. Expression and prognostic value of cell-cycle-associated genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3735. [PMID: 39171952 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer continues to be a prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) being a significant subtype characterized by comparatively low survival rates. Extensive molecular studies on LUSC have been conducted; however, the clinical importance of cell-cycle-associated genes has rarely been examined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these genes and LUSC. METHODS The expression trends of genes related to the cell cycle in a group of patients with LUSC were analyzed. Clinical information and mRNA expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas via cBioportal. Multiple analyses have been performed to investigate the association between these genes and LUSC. RESULTS Three clusters were identified based on the mRNA expression of 124 cell cycle-associated genes. Cluster 3 exhibited the worst prognosis. A comparative analysis showed that nine expressed genes differed distinctly among all the clusters. Among these nine genes, elevated expression of CDK4 was strongly associated with positive prognosis. Furthermore, the expression of ANAPC11, ANAPC5, and ORC4 correlated with the advancement of LUSC pathological stages. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiles associated with the cell cycle across various LUSC subtypes were identified, highlighting that specific genes are related to prognosis and disease stages. Based on these results, new prognostic strategies, patient stratification, and targeted therapy trials have been conducted for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiqi Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Darling S, Fujimitsu K, Chia KH, Zou J, Rappsilber J, Yamano H. The C-terminal disordered loop domain of Apc8 unlocks APC/C mitotic activation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114262. [PMID: 38776225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a critical and tightly regulated E3 ligase that orchestrates the cellular life cycle by controlling the degradation of cell cycle regulators. An intriguing feature of this complex is an autoinhibition mechanism: an intrinsically disordered loop domain, Apc1-300L, blocks Cdc20 coactivator binding, yet phosphorylation of Apc1-300L counteracts this autoinhibition. Many such disordered loops within APC/C remain unexplored. Our systematic analysis of loop-deficient APC/C mutants uncovered a pivotal role for Apc8's C-terminal loop (Apc8-L) in mitotic activation. Apc8-L directly recruits the CDK adaptor protein, Xe-p9/Cks2, positioning the Xe-p9-CDK-CycB complex near Apc1-300L. This stimulates the phosphorylation and removal of Apc1-300L, prompting the formation of active APC/CCdc20. Strikingly, without both Apc8-L and Apc3-L, the APC/C is rendered inactive during mitosis, highlighting Apc8-L's synergistic role with other loops and kinases. This study broadens our understanding of the intricate dynamics in APC/C regulation and provides insights on the regulation of macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Darling
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kazuyuki Fujimitsu
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kim Hou Chia
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Yamano
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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3
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Zhang Y, Young R, Garvanska DH, Song C, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Fang J, Nilsson J, Alfieri C, Zhang G. Functional analysis of Cdc20 reveals a critical role of CRY box in mitotic checkpoint signaling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:164. [PMID: 38337031 PMCID: PMC10858191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate mitosis is coordinated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) through the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). As an essential regulator, Cdc20 promotes mitotic exit through activating APC/C and monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment through activating SAC. Cdc20 requires multiple interactions with APC/C and MCC subunits to elicit these functions. Functionally assessing these interactions within cells requires efficient depletion of endogenous Cdc20, which is highly difficult to achieve by RNA interference (RNAi). Here we generated Cdc20 RNAi-sensitive cell lines which display a penetrant metaphase arrest by a single RNAi treatment. In this null background, we accurately measured the contribution of each known motif of Cdc20 on APC/C and SAC activation. The CRY box, a previously identified degron, was found critical for SAC by promoting MCC formation and its interaction with APC/C. These data reveal additional regulation within the SAC and establish a novel method to interrogate Cdc20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rose Young
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Chunlin Song
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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4
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Bodrug T, Welsh KA, Bolhuis DL, Paulаkonis E, Martinez-Chacin RC, Liu B, Pinkin N, Bonacci T, Cui L, Xu P, Roscow O, Amann SJ, Grishkovskaya I, Emanuele MJ, Harrison JS, Steimel JP, Hahn KM, Zhang W, Zhong ED, Haselbach D, Brown NG. Time-resolved cryo-EM (TR-EM) analysis of substrate polyubiquitination by the RING E3 anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1663-1674. [PMID: 37735619 PMCID: PMC10643132 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Substrate polyubiquitination drives a myriad of cellular processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis and immune responses. Polyubiquitination is highly dynamic, and obtaining mechanistic insight has thus far required artificially trapped structures to stabilize specific steps along the enzymatic process. So far, how any ubiquitin ligase builds a proteasomal degradation signal, which is canonically regarded as four or more ubiquitins, remains unclear. Here we present time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy studies of the 1.2 MDa E3 ubiquitin ligase, known as the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and its E2 co-enzymes (UBE2C/UBCH10 and UBE2S) during substrate polyubiquitination. Using cryoDRGN (Deep Reconstructing Generative Networks), a neural network-based approach, we reconstruct the conformational changes undergone by the human APC/C during polyubiquitination, directly visualize an active E3-E2 pair modifying its substrate, and identify unexpected interactions between multiple ubiquitins with parts of the APC/C machinery, including its coactivator CDH1. Together, we demonstrate how modification of substrates with nascent ubiquitin chains helps to potentiate processive substrate polyubiquitination, allowing us to model how a ubiquitin ligase builds a proteasomal degradation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ethan Paulаkonis
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raquel C Martinez-Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Pinkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengning Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olivia Roscow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sascha Josef Amann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Grishkovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Joshua P Steimel
- School of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen D Zhong
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Ghosh A, Chakraborty P, Biswas D. Fine tuning of the transcription juggernaut: A sweet and sour saga of acetylation and ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194944. [PMID: 37236503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among post-translational modifications of proteins, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination are most extensively studied over the last several decades. Owing to their different target residues for modifications, cross-talk between phosphorylation with that of acetylation and ubiquitination is relatively less pronounced. However, since canonical acetylation and ubiquitination happen only on the lysine residues, an overlap of the same lysine residue being targeted for both acetylation and ubiquitination happens quite frequently and thus plays key roles in overall functional regulation predominantly through modulation of protein stability. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of acetylation and ubiquitination in the regulation of protein stability for the functional regulation of cellular processes with an emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Further, we emphasize our understanding of the functional regulation of Super Elongation Complex (SEC)-mediated transcription, through regulation of stabilization by acetylation, deacetylation and ubiquitination and associated enzymes and its implication in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Poushali Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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6
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Lee SH, Yang JH, Park UH, Choi H, Kim YS, Yoon BE, Han HJ, Kim HT, Um SJ, Kim EJ. SIRT1 ubiquitination is regulated by opposing activities of APC/C-Cdh1 and AROS during stress-induced premature senescence. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1232-1246. [PMID: 37258580 PMCID: PMC10318011 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase with key roles in aging-related diseases and cellular senescence. However, the mechanism by which SIRT1 protein homeostasis is controlled under senescent conditions remains elusive. Here, we revealed that SIRT1 protein is significantly downregulated due to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation during stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and that SIRT1 physically associates with anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitin-dependent SIRT1 degradation is stimulated by the APC/C coactivator Cdh1 and not by the coactivator Cdc20. We found that Cdh1 depletion impaired the SIPS-promoted downregulation of SIRT1 expression and reduced cellular senescence, likely through SIRT1-driven p53 inactivation. In contrast, AROS, a SIRT1 activator, reversed the SIRT1 degradation induced by diverse stressors and antagonized Cdh1 function through competitive interactions with SIRT1. Furthermore, our data indicate opposite roles for Cdh1 and AROS in the epigenetic regulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes IL-6 and IL-8. Finally, we demonstrated that pinosylvin restores downregulated AROS (and SIRT1) expression levels in bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary senescent tissue while repressing bleomycin-promoted Cdh1 expression. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of the reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 stability by APC/C-Cdh1 and AROS during stress-induced premature senescence, and our findings suggest pinosylvin as a potential senolytic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyup Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Ui-Hyun Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea
| | - Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 31151, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 31151, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 31151, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 31151, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
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7
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Lai HY, Yu YH, Jhou YT, Liao CW, Leu JY. Multiple intermolecular interactions facilitate rapid evolution of essential genes. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:745-755. [PMID: 36997737 PMCID: PMC10172115 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential genes are commonly assumed to function in basic cellular processes and to change slowly. However, it remains unclear whether all essential genes are similarly conserved or if their evolutionary rates can be accelerated by specific factors. To address these questions, we replaced 86 essential genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with orthologues from four other species that diverged from S. cerevisiae about 50, 100, 270 and 420 Myr ago. We identify a group of fast-evolving genes that often encode subunits of large protein complexes, including anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Incompatibility of fast-evolving genes is rescued by simultaneously replacing interacting components, suggesting it is caused by protein co-evolution. Detailed investigation of APC/C further revealed that co-evolution involves not only primary interacting proteins but also secondary ones, suggesting the evolutionary impact of epistasis. Multiple intermolecular interactions in protein complexes may provide a microenvironment facilitating rapid evolution of their subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Yi Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Jhou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Sampson C, Wang Q, Otkur W, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu X, Piao H. The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer progression and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1204. [PMID: 36881608 PMCID: PMC9991012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications which plays a significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination process, ubiquitin is conjugated to target protein substrates for degradation, translocation or activation, dysregulation of which is linked to several diseases including various types of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzyme owing to their ability to select, bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. In particular, E3 ligases are pivotal in the cancer hallmarks pathways where they serve as tumour promoters or suppressors. The specificity of E3 ligases coupled with their implication in cancer hallmarks engendered the development of compounds that specifically target E3 ligases for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of E3 ligases in cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation via cell cycle progression, immune evasion and tumour promoting inflammation, and in the evasion of apoptosis. In addition, we summarise the application and the role of small compounds that target E3 ligases for cancer treatment along with the significance of targeting E3 ligases as potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Sampson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsDalian Second People's HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- Department of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hai‐long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Chakraborty P, Paul R, Chowdhury A, Mukherjee N, Nath S, Roychoudhury S. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome ubiquitylates histone H2B on the promoter during UbcH10 transactivation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:437-447. [PMID: 36520528 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among various post-translational modifications of histones, ubiquitylation plays a crucial role in transcription regulation. Histone mono-ubiquitylation by RING finger motif-containing ubiquitin ligases is documented in this respect. The RING finger ligases primarily regulate the cell cycle, where the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) takes charge as mitotic ubiquitin machinery. Reportedly, APC/C participates in transcriptional activation of the ubiquitin carrier protein UbcH10. However, the ubiquitylation activity of APC/C on the UBCH10 promoter remains elusive. This study shows that APC/C, with its adapter protein Cdc20, catalyses mono-ubiquitylation of Lysine-120 in histone 2B on the UBCH10 promoter. This study also identified a cell-cycle-specific pattern of this modification. Finally, APC/C-driven crosstalk of acetylation and ubiquitylation was found operational on UBCH10 trans-regulation. Together, these findings suggest a role for APC/C catalysed promoter ubiquitylation in managing transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Chakraborty
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ratnadip Paul
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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10
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in rose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1604-1618. [PMID: 36372105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit complex, regulating plant development and cell cycle. In plants, the APC/C gene family has been identified in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The APC/Cs in rose has not yet been reported. In this study, a total of 19 APC/C genes were identified in rose. Furthermore, we also investigated phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distribution, gene structure, motif analysis, promoter sequence analysis and expression pattern of RhAPC/C genes. Synteny analysis indicated that AtAPC/Cs and RhAPC/Cs show a high degree of conservation. RhAPC/C promoters contains numerous cis-elements involved in plant morphogenesis, hormone response and stress response. Based on the transcription of RhAPC/Cs in different tissues and developmental stages, it appears that RhAPC/Cs may play a variety of roles in rose growth and development. RhAPC/Cs have limitations in the time and space during which they respond to hormones and abiotic stress. RhAPC5, RhAPC11d, RhAPC13a and RhAPC13c may play a role in rose responding to abiotic stress. The expression of RhAPC10 was altered by infection with fungal pathogen. Our study will serve as a basis for determining the functional role of APC/C genes in roses and help future research on woody plants.
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11
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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12
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Hu X, Jin X, Cao X, Liu B. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Is a Cellular Ageing Regulator. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315327. [PMID: 36499653 PMCID: PMC9740938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a complicated cellular component that plays significant roles in regulating the cell cycle process of eukaryotic organisms. The spatiotemporal regulation mechanisms of APC/C in distinct cell cycle transitions are no longer mysterious, and the components of this protein complex are gradually identified and characterized. Given the close relationship between the cell cycle and lifespan, it is urgent to understand the roles of APC/C in lifespan regulation, but this field still seems to have not been systematically summarized. Furthermore, although several reviews have reported the roles of APC/C in cancer, there are still gaps in the summary of its roles in other age-related diseases. In this review, we propose that the APC/C is a novel cellular ageing regulator based on its indispensable role in the regulation of lifespan and its involvement in age-associated diseases. This work provides an extensive review of aspects related to the underlying mechanisms of APC/C in lifespan regulation and how it participates in age-associated diseases. More comprehensive recognition and understanding of the relationship between APC/C and ageing and age-related diseases will increase the development of targeted strategies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
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13
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STYK1/NOK affects cell cycle late mitosis and directly interacts with anaphase-promoting complex activator CDH1. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12058. [PMID: 36506394 PMCID: PMC9732331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel oncogene STYK1/NOK plays critical roles in cancer development. However, its regulation during cell division is less defined. In this paper, we show that over-expression of STYK1/NOK caused mitotic arrest and cytokinesis defects. The protein level of STYK/NOK fluctuated during the cell cycle, with a peak at mitosis and a quick reduction upon mitotic exit. The cell cycle-related expression pattern of STYK1/NOK resembled the one of aurora kinases and polo-like kinase 1. Depletion of APC3 led to accumulation of STYK1/NOK and to the G2/M arrest. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrated the direct interaction of STYK1/NOK with CDH1. Overexpression of CDH1 shortened the half-life of STYK1/NOK. The kinase domain, but not the five D boxes, of STYK1/NOK was responsible for the interaction with CDH1. Altogether, our data demonstrated for the first time that STYK1/NOK could affect cell division, probably by directly targeting key components of APC/C such as CDH1 at late mitosis. Current study may provide a vital mechanistic clue for understanding the roles of STYK1/NOK in mitosis and cytokinesis during STYK1NOK mediated genomic instability and oncogenesis.
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14
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de Oliveira PN, da Silva LFC, Eloy NB. The role of APC/C in cell cycle dynamics, growth and development in cereal crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987919. [PMID: 36247602 PMCID: PMC9558237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops can be considered the basis of human civilization. Thus, it is not surprising that these crops are grown in larger quantities worldwide than any other food supply and provide more energy to humankind than any other provision. Additionally, attempts to harness biomass consumption continue to increase to meet human energy needs. The high pressures for energy will determine the demand for crop plants as resources for biofuel, heat, and electricity. Thus, the search for plant traits associated with genetic increases in yield is mandatory. In multicellular organisms, including plants, growth and development are driven by cell division. These processes require a sequence of intricated events that are carried out by various protein complexes and molecules that act punctually throughout the cycle. Temporal controlled degradation of key cell division proteins ensures a correct onset of the different cell cycle phases and exit from the cell division program. Considering the cell cycle, the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an important conserved multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, marking targets for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Studies on plant APC/C subunits and activators, mainly in the model plant Arabidopsis, revealed that they play a pivotal role in several developmental processes during growth. However, little is known about the role of APC/C in cereal crops. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the APC/C controlling cereal crop development.
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15
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Guttery DS, Zeeshan M, Ferguson DJP, Holder AA, Tewari R. Division and Transmission: Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:113-134. [PMID: 35609946 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite life cycle alternates between two hosts: a vertebrate and the female Anopheles mosquito vector. Cell division, proliferation, and invasion are essential for parasite development, transmission, and survival. Most research has focused on Plasmodium development in the vertebrate, which causes disease; however, knowledge of malaria parasite development in the mosquito (the sexual and transmission stages) is now rapidly accumulating, gathered largely through investigation of the rodent malaria model, with Plasmodium berghei. In this review, we discuss the seminal genome-wide screens that have uncovered key regulators of cell proliferation, invasion, and transmission during Plasmodium sexual development. Our focus is on the roles of transcription factors, reversible protein phosphorylation, and molecular motors. We also emphasize the still-unanswered important questions around key pathways in cell division during the vector transmission stages and how they may be targeted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Guttery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; ,
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom;
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; ,
| | - David J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony A Holder
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Rita Tewari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; ,
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16
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Wang J, Zhang M, Liu S, He Z, Wang R, Liang M, An Y, Jiang C, Song C, Ning Z, Yin F, Huang H, Li Z, Ye Y. Targeting UBE2C for degradation by bioPROTACs based on bacterial E3 ligase. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Okoye CN, Rowling PJE, Itzhaki LS, Lindon C. Counting Degrons: Lessons From Multivalent Substrates for Targeted Protein Degradation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913063. [PMID: 35860655 PMCID: PMC9289945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E3s comprise a structurally diverse group of at least 800 members, most of which target multiple substrates through specific and regulated protein-protein interactions. These interactions typically rely on short linear motifs (SLiMs), called "degrons", in an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the substrate, with variable rules of engagement governing different E3-docking events. These rules of engagement are of importance to the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), where substrate ubiquitination and destruction require tools to effectively harness ubiquitin ligases (E3s). Substrates are often found to contain multiple degrons, or multiple copies of a degron, contributing to the affinity and selectivity of the substrate for its E3. One important paradigm for E3-substrate docking is presented by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase that targets hundreds of proteins for destruction during mitotic exit. APC/C substrate targeting takes place in an ordered manner thought to depend on tightly regulated interactions of substrates, with docking sites provided by the substoichiometric APC/C substrate adaptors and coactivators, Cdc20 or Cdh1/FZR1. Both structural and functional studies of individual APC/C substrates indicate that productive ubiquitination usually requires more than one degron, and that degrons are of different types docking to distinct sites on the coactivators. However, the dynamic nature of APC/C substrate recruitment, and the influence of multiple degrons, remains poorly understood. Here we review the significance of multiple degrons in a number of E3-substrate interactions that have been studied in detail, illustrating distinct kinetic effects of multivalency and allovalency, before addressing the role of multiple degrons in APC/C substrates, key to understanding ordered substrate destruction by APC/C. Lastly, we consider how lessons learnt from these studies can be applied in the design of TPD tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Manivannan SN, Roovers J, Smal N, Myers CT, Turkdogan D, Roelens F, Kanca O, Chung HL, Scholz T, Hermann K, Bierhals T, Caglayan HS, Stamberger H, Mefford H, de Jonghe P, Yamamoto S, Weckhuysen S, Bellen HJ. De novo FZR1 loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Brain 2022; 145:1684-1697. [PMID: 34788397 PMCID: PMC9166542 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
FZR1, which encodes the Cdh1 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, plays an important role in neurodevelopment by regulating the cell cycle and by its multiple post-mitotic functions in neurons. In this study, evaluation of 250 unrelated patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and a connection on GeneMatcher led to the identification of three de novo missense variants in FZR1. Whole-exome sequencing in 39 patient-parent trios and subsequent targeted sequencing in an additional cohort of 211 patients was performed to identify novel genes involved in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Functional studies in Drosophila were performed using three different mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue of FZR1 fzr. All three individuals carrying de novo variants in FZR1 had childhood-onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, mild ataxia and normal head circumference. Two individuals were diagnosed with the developmental and epileptic encephalopathy subtype myoclonic atonic epilepsy. We provide genetic-association testing using two independent statistical tests to support FZR1 association with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Further, we provide functional evidence that the missense variants are loss-of-function alleles using Drosophila neurodevelopment assays. Using three fly mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue fzr and overexpression studies, we show that patient variants can affect proper neurodevelopment. With the recent report of a patient with neonatal-onset with microcephaly who also carries a de novo FZR1 missense variant, our study consolidates the relationship between FZR1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and expands the associated phenotype. We conclude that heterozygous loss-of-function of FZR1 leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with a spectrum of neonatal to childhood-onset seizure types, developmental delay and mild ataxia. Microcephaly can be present but is not an essential feature of FZR1-encephalopathy. In summary, our approach of targeted sequencing using novel gene candidates and functional testing in Drosophila will help solve undiagnosed myoclonic atonic epilepsy or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya N Manivannan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Jolien Roovers
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB Centre for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Noor Smal
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, VIB Centre for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Candace T Myers
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105, USA
| | - Dilsad Turkdogan
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | | | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Tasja Scholz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hermann
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Bierhals
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hande S Caglayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hannah Stamberger
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, VIB Centre for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Heather Mefford
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105, USA
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB Centre for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, VIB Centre for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Ali E, Kalita MJ, Kalita S, Talukdar J, Deka AJ, Sultana J, Choudhury BN, Baruah MN, Bhattacharjee S, Medhi S. Upregulation of anaphase promoting complex (APC) 7 as a prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A hospital based study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09722. [PMID: 35761933 PMCID: PMC9233225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent type worldwide, with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. The search for new molecular prognostic biomarkers revealed that dysregulation of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activation due to altered expression of APC molecules might lead to perturbed mitotic progression leading to malignancy. We analyzed the expression of the four different subunits of the APC/C complex-APC3, APC4, APC5 and APC7-by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The findings were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters and different lifestyle factors. Significant upregulation of APC7 (tissue and blood: N = 50; 3.72 ± 1.21 and 4.45 ± 1.18, respectively) and APC3 (tissue and blood: N = 52 and 55 and 4.50 ± 1.41 and 4.58 ± 1.06, respectively) suggests their role in uncontrolled cell proliferation. In addition to their association with increasing age, their significant association with tumor size, node stage (only APC7 (p < 0.05)), and dysphagia grade supports a potential role in tumorigenic transformation in ESCC. Furthermore, several exclusive lifestyle-associated factors play a crucial supporting role in the development of ESCC in the Northeast Indian population. Various lifestyle factors, such as the duration of smoking, tobacco and betel nut consumption, and the duration of alcohol consumption, are significantly associated with the expression of APC. Analysis based on Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a positive correlation among the gene expression levels ofAPC3 (both blood and tissue), APC5 (tissue) and APC3 (tissue), APC7 (tissue) and APC3 (tissue), and APC7 (tissue) and APC3 (blood). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between APC7 expression in blood and tissue samples. However, no significant correlation was found between APC 7 expression and APC4 and APC5 expression in either blood or tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyashin Ali
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Manash Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Simanta Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jayasree Talukdar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ankur Jyoti Deka
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jasmin Sultana
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Munindra Narayan Baruah
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, North East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Jorabat, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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20
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Bolhuis DL, Martinez‐Chacin RC, Welsh KA, Bodrug T, Cui L, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Examining the mechanistic relationship of
APC
/
C
CDH1
and its interphase inhibitor
EMI1. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4324. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L. Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raquel C. Martinez‐Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kaeli A. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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21
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Lee SB, Garofano L, Ko A, D'Angelo F, Frangaj B, Sommer D, Gan Q, Kim K, Cardozo T, Iavarone A, Lasorella A. Regulated interaction of ID2 with the anaphase-promoting complex links progression through mitosis with reactivation of cell-type-specific transcription. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2089. [PMID: 35440621 PMCID: PMC9018835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific transcriptional activity is silenced in mitotic cells but it remains unclear whether the mitotic regulatory machinery interacts with tissue-specific transcriptional programs. We show that such cross-talk involves the controlled interaction between core subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) and the ID2 substrate. The N-terminus of ID2 is independently and structurally compatible with a pocket composed of core APC/C subunits that may optimally orient ID2 onto the APCCDH1 complex. Phosphorylation of serine-5 by CDK1 prevented the association of ID2 with core APC, impaired ubiquitylation and stabilized ID2 protein at the mitosis-G1 transition leading to inhibition of basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH)-mediated transcription. The serine-5 phospho-mimetic mutant of ID2 that inefficiently bound core APC remained stable during mitosis, delayed exit from mitosis and reloading of bHLH transcription factors on chromatin. It also locked cells into a "mitotic stem cell" transcriptional state resembling the pluripotent program of embryonic stem cells. The substrates of APCCDH1 SKP2 and Cyclin B1 share with ID2 the phosphorylation-dependent, D-box-independent interaction with core APC. These results reveal a new layer of control of the mechanism by which substrates are recognized by APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bae Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Aram Ko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Brulinda Frangaj
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Danika Sommer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Qiwen Gan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA.
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22
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Shang S, Zhou Y, Chen K, Chen L, Li P, Li D, Cui S, Zhang MJ, Chen X, Li Q. A Novel Gene CDC27 Causes SLE and Is Associated With the Disease Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876963. [PMID: 35418986 PMCID: PMC8996071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As genetic genetic factors are important in SLE, so screening causative genes is of great significance for the prediction and early prevention in people who may develop SLE. At present, it is very difficult to screen causative genes through pedigrees. The analytical method described herein can be used to screen causative genes for SLE and other complex diseases through pedigrees. Methods For the first time, 24 lupus pedigrees were analyzed by combining whole exon sequencing and a variety of biological information tools including common-specific analysis, pVAAST (pedigree variant annotation, analysis and search tool), Exomiser (Combining phenotype and PPI associated analysis), and FARVAT (family based gene burden), and the causative genes of these families with lupus identified. Selected causative genes in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Cell division cycle 27 (CDC27) was screened out by common-specific analysis and Exomiser causative gene screening. FARVAT analysis on these families detected only CDC27 at the extremely significant level (false discovery rate <0.05) by three family-based burden analyses (BURDEN, CALPHA, and SKATO). QPCR was performed to detect for CDC27 in the PBMCs of the SLE family patients, sporadic lupus patients, and healthy people. Compared with the healthy control group, CDC27 expression was low in lupus patients (familial and sporadic patients) (P<0.05) and correlated with lupus activity indicators: negatively with C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.05) and positively with complement C3 and C4 (P<0.05). The CDC27 expression was upregulated in PBMCs from SLE patients with reduced lupus activity after immunotherapy (P<0.05). Based on Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of CDC27 in diagnosing SLE were 82.30% and 94.40%. Conclusion The CDC27 gene, as found through WES combined with multiple analytical method may be a causative gene of lupus. CDC27 may serve as a marker for the diagnosis of SLE and is closely related to the lupus activity. We hope that the analytical method in this study will be used to screen causative genes for other diseases through small pedigrees, especially among non-close relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlai Shang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yena Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keng Chen
- Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Medical Technology & Bioinformatics Department, Beijing Mygenostics co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Academic Research, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Jun Zhang
- Bioinformation Department, Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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23
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USP13 modulates the stability of the APC/C adaptor CDH1. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4079-4087. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Zhao JS, Shi S, Qu HY, Keckesova Z, Cao ZJ, Yang LX, Yu X, Feng L, Shi Z, Krakowiak J, Mao RY, Shen YT, Fan YM, Fu TM, Ye C, Xu D, Gao X, You J, Li W, Liang T, Lu Z, Feng YX. Glutamine synthetase licenses APC/C-mediated mitotic progression to drive cell growth. Nat Metab 2022; 4:239-253. [PMID: 35145325 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can reprogram the functions of metabolic enzymes to fuel malignant growth; however, beyond their conventional functions, key metabolic enzymes have not been found to directly govern cell mitosis. Here, we report that glutamine synthetase (GS) promotes cell proliferation by licensing mitotic progression independently of its metabolic function. GS depletion, but not impairment of its enzymatic activity, results in mitotic arrest and multinucleation across multiple lung and liver cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoids and xenografted tumors. Mechanistically, GS directly interacts with the nuclear pore protein NUP88 to prevent its binding to CDC20. Such interaction licenses activation of the CDC20-mediated anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome to ensure proper metaphase-to-anaphase transition. In addition, GS is overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer and its depletion reduces tumor growth in mice and increases the efficacy of microtubule-targeted chemotherapy. Our findings highlight a moonlighting function of GS in governing mitosis and illustrate how an essential metabolic enzyme promotes cell proliferation and tumor development, beyond its main metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Sha Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuo Shi
- Shanghai Advanced Institute of Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Qu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuzana Keckesova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zi-Jian Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xian Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofu Yu
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joanna Krakowiak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruo-Ying Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tong Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Meng Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia You
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Xiong Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Hartooni N, Sung J, Jain A, Morgan DO. Single-molecule analysis of specificity and multivalency in binding of short linear substrate motifs to the APC/C. Nat Commun 2022; 13:341. [PMID: 35039540 PMCID: PMC8764033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust regulatory signals in the cell often depend on interactions between short linear motifs (SLiMs) and globular proteins. Many of these interactions are poorly characterized because the binding proteins cannot be produced in the amounts needed for traditional methods. To address this problem, we developed a single-molecule off-rate (SMOR) assay based on microscopy of fluorescent ligand binding to immobilized protein partners. We used it to characterize substrate binding to the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that triggers chromosome segregation. We find that SLiMs in APC/C substrates (the D box and KEN box) display distinct affinities and specificities for the substrate-binding subunits of the APC/C, and we show that multiple SLiMs in a substrate generate a high-affinity multivalent interaction. The remarkably adaptable substrate-binding mechanisms of the APC/C have the potential to govern the order of substrate destruction in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairi Hartooni
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jongmin Sung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Roche Sequencing Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA
| | - Ankur Jain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David O Morgan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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26
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Ferguson CJ, Urso O, Bodrug T, Gassaway BM, Watson ER, Prabu JR, Lara-Gonzalez P, Martinez-Chacin RC, Wu DY, Brigatti KW, Puffenberger EG, Taylor CM, Haas-Givler B, Jinks RN, Strauss KA, Desai A, Gabel HW, Gygi SP, Schulman BA, Brown NG, Bonni A. APC7 mediates ubiquitin signaling in constitutive heterochromatin in the developing mammalian brain. Mol Cell 2022; 82:90-105.e13. [PMID: 34942119 PMCID: PMC8741739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders provide insights into mechanisms of human brain development. Here, we report an intellectual disability syndrome caused by the loss of APC7, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC). In mechanistic studies, we uncover a critical role for APC7 during the recruitment and ubiquitination of APC substrates. In proteomics analyses of the brain from mice harboring the patient-specific APC7 mutation, we identify the chromatin-associated protein Ki-67 as an APC7-dependent substrate of the APC in neurons. Conditional knockout of the APC coactivator protein Cdh1, but not Cdc20, leads to the accumulation of Ki-67 protein in neurons in vivo, suggesting that APC7 is required for the function of Cdh1-APC in the brain. Deregulated neuronal Ki-67 upon APC7 loss localizes predominantly to constitutive heterochromatin. Our findings define an essential function for APC7 and Cdh1-APC in neuronal heterochromatin regulation, with implications for understanding human brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Neuropathology Division, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Urso
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raquel C Martinez-Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Y Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Cora M Taylor
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Barbara Haas-Givler
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | | | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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Hu Y, Hu X, Li D, Du Z, Shi K, He C, Zhang Y, Zhang D. The APC/C FZY-1/Cdc20 Complex Coordinates With OMA-1 to Regulate the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749654. [PMID: 34722532 PMCID: PMC8554129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During oocyte maturation and the oocyte-to-embryo transition, key developmental regulators such as RNA-binding proteins coordinate translation of particular messenger RNA (mRNAs) and related developmental processes by binding to their cognate maternal mRNAs. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these processes are regulated by a set of CCCH zinc finger proteins. Oocyte maturation defective-1 (OMA-1) and OMA-2 are two functionally redundant CCCH zinc finger proteins that turnover rapidly during the first embryonic cell division. These turnovers are required for proper transition from oogenesis to embryogenesis. A gain-of-function mutant of OMA-1, oma-1(zu405), stabilizes and delays degradation of OMA-1, resulting in delayed turnover and mis-segregation of other cell fate determinants, which eventually causes embryonic lethality. We performed a large-scale forward genetic screen to identify suppressors of the oma-1(zu405) mutant. We show here that multiple alleles affecting functions of various anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunits, including MAT-1, MAT-2, MAT-3, EMB-30, and FZY-1, suppress the gain-of-function mutant of OMA-1. Transcriptome analysis suggested that overall transcription in early embryos occurred after introducing mutations in APC/C genes into the oma-1(zu405) mutant. Mutations in APC/C genes prevent OMA-1 enrichment in P granules and correct delayed degradation of downstream cell fate determinants including pharynx and intestine in excess-1 (PIE-1), posterior segregation-1 (POS-1), muscle excess-3 (MEX-3), and maternal effect germ-cell defective-1 (MEG-1). We demonstrated that only the activator FZY-1, but not FZR-1, is incorporated in the APC/C complex to regulate the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Our findings suggested a genetic relationship linking the APC/C complex and OMA-1, and support a model in which the APC/C complex promotes P granule accumulation and modifies RNA binding of OMA-1 to regulate the oocyte-to-embryo transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxia He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Wu H, Zhang X, Shen Q, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wang G, Lv M, Hua R, Xu Y, Zhou P, Wei Z, Tao F, He X, Cao Y, Liu M. A homozygous loss-of-function mutation in FBXO43 causes human non-obstructive azoospermia. Clin Genet 2021; 101:55-64. [PMID: 34595750 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents one of the most serious forms of male infertility caused by spermatogenic failure. Despite multiple genes found to be associated with human NOA, the genetic basis of this idiopathic disease remains largely unknown. FBXO43 is a direct inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase and crucially important in mouse spermatogenesis. In this study, for the first time, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in FBXO43 c.1747C > T:p.Gln583X in two NOA brothers from a Chinese consanguineous family via whole-exome sequencing. FBXO43 was absent from testicular tissue of the proband, and FBXO43-immunostaining signals were invisible in the affected seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, in humans, FBXO43 defects cause meiotic arrest within early diplotene of prophase I. The results here demonstrate the pathogenicity of this loss-of-function mutation and confirmed that spermatocytes were unable to complete meiotic divisions without FBXO43 in humans. In mouse testicular protein extracts, three subunits of the APC/C, including ANAPC2, ANAPC8 and ANAPC10, were validated to interact directly with FBXO43, whereas no interactions were detected for FBXO43 and SKP1. This study furthers our understanding of the genetic basis of human NOA and provides insights into FBXO43 and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunshan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Thomas C, Wetherall B, Levasseur MD, Harris RJ, Kerridge ST, Higgins JMG, Davies OR, Madgwick S. A prometaphase mechanism of securin destruction is essential for meiotic progression in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4322. [PMID: 34262048 PMCID: PMC8280194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cell division relies on the timely removal of key cell cycle proteins such as securin. Securin inhibits separase, which cleaves the cohesin rings holding chromosomes together. Securin must be depleted before anaphase to ensure chromosome segregation occurs with anaphase. Here we find that in meiosis I, mouse oocytes contain an excess of securin over separase. We reveal a mechanism that promotes excess securin destruction in prometaphase I. Importantly, this mechanism relies on two phenylalanine residues within the separase-interacting segment (SIS) of securin that are only exposed when securin is not bound to separase. We suggest that these residues facilitate the removal of non-separase-bound securin ahead of metaphase, as inhibiting this period of destruction by mutating both residues causes the majority of oocytes to arrest in meiosis I. We further propose that cellular securin levels exceed the amount an oocyte is capable of removing in metaphase alone, such that the prometaphase destruction mechanism identified here is essential for correct meiotic progression in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thomas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Wetherall
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark D Levasseur
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca J Harris
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Scott T Kerridge
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Owen R Davies
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne Madgwick
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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30
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Koliopoulos MG, Alfieri C. Cell cycle regulation by complex nanomachines. FEBS J 2021; 289:5100-5120. [PMID: 34143558 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is the essential biological process where one cell replicates its genome and segregates the resulting two copies into the daughter cells during mitosis. Several aspects of this process have fascinated humans since the nineteenth century. Today, the cell cycle is exhaustively investigated because of its profound connections with human diseases and cancer. At the heart of the molecular network controlling the cell cycle, we find the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) acting as an oscillator to impose an orderly and highly regulated progression through the different cell cycle phases. This oscillator integrates both internal and external signals via a multitude of signalling pathways involving posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, protein ubiquitination and mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. These tasks are specifically performed by multi-subunit complexes, which are intensively studied both biochemically and structurally with the aim to unveil mechanistic insights into their molecular function. The scope of this review is to summarise the structural biology of the cell cycle machinery, with specific focus on the core cell cycle machinery involving the CDK-cyclin oscillator. We highlight the contribution of cryo-electron microscopy, which has started to revolutionise our understanding of the molecular function and dynamics of the key players of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G Koliopoulos
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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31
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Badarudeen B, Anand U, Mukhopadhyay S, Manna TK. Ubiquitin signaling in the control of centriole duplication. FEBS J 2021; 289:4830-4849. [PMID: 34115927 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome plays an essential role in maintaining genetic stability, ciliogenesis and cell polarisation. The core of the centrosome is made up of two centrioles that duplicate precisely once during every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes that are required for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Abundance of centriole proteins at optimal levels and their recruitment to the centrosome are tightly regulated in time and space in order to restrict aberrant duplication of centrioles, a phenomenon that is observed in many cancers. Recent advances have conclusively shown that dedicated ubiquitin ligase-dependent protein degradation machineries are involved in governing centriole duplication. These studies revealed intricate mechanistic insights into how the ubiquitin ligases target different centriole proteins. In certain cases, a specific ubiquitin ligase targets a number of substrate proteins that co-regulate centriole assembly, prompting the possibility that substrate-targeting occurs during formation of the sub-centriolar structures. There are also instances where a specific centriole duplication protein is targeted by several ubiquitin ligases at different stages of the cell cycle, suggesting synchronised actions. Recent evidence also indicated a direct association of E3 ubiquitin ligase with the centrioles, supporting the notion that substrate-targeting occurs in the organelle itself. In this review, we highlight these advances by underlining the mechanisms of how different ubiquitin ligase machineries control centriole duplication and discuss our views on their coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshad Badarudeen
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Ushma Anand
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Swarnendu Mukhopadhyay
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
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Bodrug T, Welsh KA, Hinkle M, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Intricate Regulatory Mechanisms of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome and Its Role in Chromatin Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687515. [PMID: 34109183 PMCID: PMC8182066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system is vital to nearly every biological process in eukaryotes. Specifically, the conjugation of Ub to target proteins by Ub ligases, such as the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), is paramount for cell cycle transitions as it leads to the irreversible destruction of cell cycle regulators by the proteasome. Through this activity, the RING Ub ligase APC/C governs mitosis, G1, and numerous aspects of neurobiology. Pioneering cryo-EM, biochemical reconstitution, and cell-based studies have illuminated many aspects of the conformational dynamics of this large, multi-subunit complex and the sophisticated regulation of APC/C function. More recent studies have revealed new mechanisms that selectively dictate APC/C activity and explore additional pathways that are controlled by APC/C-mediated ubiquitination, including an intimate relationship with chromatin regulation. These tasks go beyond the traditional cell cycle role historically ascribed to the APC/C. Here, we review these novel findings, examine the mechanistic implications of APC/C regulation, and discuss the role of the APC/C in previously unappreciated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Megan Hinkle
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Hein JB, Garvanska DH, Nasa I, Kettenbach AN, Nilsson J. Coupling of Cdc20 inhibition and activation by BubR1. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211939. [PMID: 33819340 PMCID: PMC8025235 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the APC/C-Cdc20 ubiquitin ligase that targets cyclin B1 for degradation is important for mitotic fidelity. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibits Cdc20 through the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). In addition, phosphorylation of Cdc20 by cyclin B1–Cdk1 independently inhibits APC/C–Cdc20 activation. This creates a conundrum for how Cdc20 is activated before cyclin B1 degradation. Here, we show that the MCC component BubR1 harbors both Cdc20 inhibition and activation activities, allowing for cross-talk between the two Cdc20 inhibition pathways. Specifically, BubR1 acts as a substrate specifier for PP2A-B56 to enable efficient Cdc20 dephosphorylation in the MCC. A mutant Cdc20 mimicking the dephosphorylated state escapes a mitotic checkpoint arrest, arguing that restricting Cdc20 dephosphorylation to the MCC is important. Collectively, our work reveals how Cdc20 can be dephosphorylated in the presence of cyclin B1-Cdk1 activity without causing premature anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin B Hein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitriya H Garvanska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isha Nasa
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu J, Zhao G, Liu XL, Zhang G, Zhao SQ, Zhang SL, Luo LH, Yin DC, Zhang CY. Progress of non-coding RNAs in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 272:119238. [PMID: 33600860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) include miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. NcRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, signal transduction, post-transcriptional modification, cell autophagy, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is notorious for high invasiveness and metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality, and it is the most malignant breast cancer, while the effective targets for TNBC treatment are still lacking. NcRNAs act as oncogenes or suppressor genes, as well as promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of TNBC. Here, we reviewed some important miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, their target(s) and molecular mechanisms in TNBC. It is benefited to understand the occurrence and development of TNBC, further some ncRNAs might be potential targets for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xin-Li Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhao
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li-Heng Luo
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Kim JH, Jang CS. E3 ligase, the Oryza sativa salt-induced RING finger protein 4 (OsSIRP4), negatively regulates salt stress responses via degradation of the OsPEX11-1 protein. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:231-245. [PMID: 33079323 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OsSIRP4 is an E3 ligase that acts as a negative regulator in the plant response to salt stress via the 26S proteasomal system regulation of substrate proteins, OsPEX11-1, which it provides important information for adaptation and regulation in rice. Plants are sessile organisms that can be exposed to environmental stress. Plants alter their cellular processes to survive under potentially unfavorable conditions. Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that has a crucial role in various cellular signaling processes in abiotic stress response. In this study, we characterized Oryza sativa salt-induced RING finger protein 4, OsSIRP4, a membrane and cytosol-localized RING E3 ligase in rice. OsSIRP4 transcripts were highly induced under salt stress in rice. We found that OsSIRP4 possesses E3 ligase activity; however, no E3 ligase activity was observed with a single amino acid substitution (OsSIRP4C269A). The results of the yeast two hybrid system, in vitro pull-down assay, BiFC analysis, in vitro ubiquitination assay, and in vitro degradation assay indicate that OsSIRP4 regulates degradation of a substrate protein, OsPEX11-1 (Oryza sativa peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11-1) via the 26S proteasomal system. Phenotypic analysis of OsSIRP4-overexpressing plants demonstrated hypersensitivity to salt response compared to that of the wild type and mutated OsSIRP4C269A plants. In addition, OsSIRP4-overexpressing plants exhibited significant low enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and accumulation of proline and soluble sugar, but a high level of H2O2. Furthermore, qRT data on transgenic plants suggest that OsSIRP4 acted as a negative regulator of salt response by diminishing the expression of genes related to Na+/K+ homeostasis (AtSOS1, AtAKT1, AtNHX1, and AtHKT1;1) in transgenic plants under salt stress. These results suggest that OsSIRP4 plays a negative regulatory role in response to salt stress by modulating the target protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-713, South Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-713, South Korea.
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Wu Y, Zhang W. The Role of E3s in Regulating Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1168. [PMID: 33503896 PMCID: PMC7865285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from early embryos and can differentiate into any type of cells in living organisms. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resemble ESCs, both of which serve as excellent sources to study early embryonic development and realize cell replacement therapies for age-related degenerative diseases and other cell dysfunction-related illnesses. To achieve these valuable applications, comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms underlying pluripotency maintenance and acquisition is critical. Ubiquitination modifies proteins with Ubiquitin (Ub) at the post-translational level to monitor protein stability and activity. It is extensively involved in pluripotency-specific regulatory networks in ESCs and iPSCs. Ubiquitination is achieved by sequential actions of the Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and Ub ligase E3. Compared with E1s and E2s, E3s are most abundant, responsible for substrate selectivity and functional diversity. In this review, we focus on E3 ligases to discuss recent progresses in understanding how they regulate pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming through ubiquitinating core ESC regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
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Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020791. [PMID: 33466790 PMCID: PMC7830467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.
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Saleme MDLS, Andrade IR, Eloy NB. The Role of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in Plant Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642934. [PMID: 33719322 PMCID: PMC7943633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
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In silico APC/C substrate discovery reveals cell cycle-dependent degradation of UHRF1 and other chromatin regulators. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000975. [PMID: 33306668 PMCID: PMC7758050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and critical regulator of cell cycle progression. Despite its vital role, it has remained challenging to globally map APC/C substrates. By combining orthogonal features of known substrates, we predicted APC/C substrates in silico. This analysis identified many known substrates and suggested numerous candidates. Unexpectedly, chromatin regulatory proteins are enriched among putative substrates, and we show experimentally that several chromatin proteins bind APC/C, oscillate during the cell cycle, and are degraded following APC/C activation, consistent with being direct APC/C substrates. Additional analysis revealed detailed mechanisms of ubiquitylation for UHRF1, a key chromatin regulator involved in histone ubiquitylation and DNA methylation maintenance. Disrupting UHRF1 degradation at mitotic exit accelerates G1-phase cell cycle progression and perturbs global DNA methylation patterning in the genome. We conclude that APC/C coordinates crosstalk between cell cycle and chromatin regulatory proteins. This has potential consequences in normal cell physiology, where the chromatin environment changes depending on proliferative state, as well as in disease.
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Maan M, Agrawal NJ, Padmanabhan J, Leitzinger CC, Rivera-Rivera Y, Saavedra HI, Chellappan SP. Tank Binding Kinase 1 modulates spindle assembly checkpoint components to regulate mitosis in breast and lung cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118929. [PMID: 33310066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Error-free progression through mitosis is critical for proper cell division and accurate distribution of the genetic material. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase regulates the progression from metaphase to anaphase and its activation is controlled by the cofactors Cdc20 and Cdh1. Additionally, genome stability is maintained by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which monitors proper attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules prior to cell division. We had shown a role for Tank Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) in microtubule dynamics and mitosis and here we describe a novel role of TBK1 in regulating SAC in breast and lung cancer cells. TBK1 interacts with and phosphorylates Cdc20 and Cdh1 and depletion of TBK1 elevates SAC components. TBK1 inhibition increases the association of Cdc20 with APC/C and BubR1 indicating inactivation of APC/C; similarly, interaction of Cdh1 with APC/C is also enhanced. TBK1 and TTK inhibition reduces cell viability and enhances centrosome amplification and micronucleation. These results indicate that alterations in TBK1 will impede mitotic progression and combining TBK1 inhibitors with other regulators of mitosis might be effective in eliminating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Maan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Neha Jaiswal Agrawal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Christelle Colin Leitzinger
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Srikumar P Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
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LeBlanc N, Mallette E, Zhang W. Targeted modulation of E3 ligases using engineered ubiquitin variants. FEBS J 2020; 288:2143-2165. [PMID: 32867007 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays an essential role in signal transduction to regulate most if not all cellular processes. Among the enzymes that are involved in the ubiquitin (Ub) signaling cascade, tremendous efforts have been focused on elucidating the roles of E3 Ub ligases as they determine the complexity and specificity of ubiquitination. Not surprisingly, the malfunction of E3 ligases is directly implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and specific molecules to modulate E3 ligase activity as intracellular probes for target validation and as pharmacological agents in preclinical research. Unfortunately, the progress has been hampered by the dynamic regulation mechanisms for different types of E3 ligases. Here, we summarize the progress of using protein engineering to develop Ub variant (UbV) inhibitors for all major families of E3 ligases and UbV activators for homologous with E6-associated protein C terminus E3s and homodimeric RING E3s. We believe that this provides a general strategy and a valuable toolkit for the research community to inhibit or activate E3 ligases and these synthetic molecules have important implications in exploring protein degradation for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Mallette
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Almendáriz-Palacios C, Gillespie ZE, Janzen M, Martinez V, Bridger JM, Harkness TAA, Mousseau DD, Eskiw CH. The Nuclear Lamina: Protein Accumulation and Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E188. [PMID: 32630170 PMCID: PMC7400325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular health is reliant on proteostasis-the maintenance of protein levels regulated through multiple pathways modulating protein synthesis, degradation and clearance. Loss of proteostasis results in serious disease and is associated with aging. One proteinaceous structure underlying the nuclear envelope-the nuclear lamina-coordinates essential processes including DNA repair, genome organization and epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Loss of proteostasis within the nuclear lamina results in the accumulation of proteins, disrupting these essential functions, either via direct interactions of protein aggregates within the lamina or by altering systems that maintain lamina structure. Here we discuss the links between proteostasis and disease of the nuclear lamina, as well as how manipulating specific proteostatic pathways involved in protein clearance could improve cellular health and prevent/reverse disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Almendáriz-Palacios
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Matthew Janzen
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Valeria Martinez
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - Joanna M. Bridger
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, College of Health, Life and Medical Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Troy A. A. Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Darrell D. Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada;
| | - Christopher H. Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
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Alfieri C, Tischer T, Barford D. A unique binding mode of Nek2A to the APC/C allows its ubiquitination during prometaphase. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49831. [PMID: 32307883 PMCID: PMC7271329 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) is the key E3 ubiquitin ligase which directs mitotic progression and exit by catalysing the sequential ubiquitination of specific substrates. The activity of the APC/C in mitosis is restrained by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which coordinates chromosome segregation with the assembly of the mitotic spindle. The SAC effector is the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which binds and inhibits the APC/C. It is incompletely understood how the APC/C switches substrate specificity in a cell cycle-specific manner. For instance, it is unclear how in prometaphase, when APC/C activity towards cyclin B and securin is repressed by the MCC, the kinase Nek2A is ubiquitinated. Here, we combine biochemical and structural analysis with functional studies in cells to show that Nek2A is a conformational-specific binder of the APC/C-MCC complex (APC/CMCC ) and that, in contrast to cyclin A, Nek2A can be ubiquitinated efficiently by the APC/C in conjunction with both the E2 enzymes UbcH10 and UbcH5. We propose that these special features of Nek2A allow its prometaphase-specific ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alfieri
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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Lin YJ, Cheng CF, Wang CH, Liang WM, Tang CH, Tsai LP, Chen CH, Wu JY, Hsieh AR, Lee MTM, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Zhang Y, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. Genetic Architecture Associated With Familial Short Stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5805154. [PMID: 32170311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human height is an inheritable, polygenic trait under complex and multilocus genetic regulation. Familial short stature (FSS; also called genetic short stature) is the most common type of short stature and is insufficiently known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the FSS genetic profile and develop a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction. DESIGN AND SETTING The FSS participant group of Han Chinese ancestry was diagnosed by pediatric endocrinologists in Taiwan. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS The genetic profiles of 1163 participants with FSS were identified by using a bootstrapping subsampling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic profile, polygenic risk predisposition score for risk prediction. RESULTS Ten novel genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 reported GWAS human height-related SNPs were identified for FSS risk. These 10 novel SNPs served as a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction (area under the curve: 0.940 in the testing group). This FSS polygenic risk predisposition score was also associated with the height reduction regression tendency in the general population. CONCLUSION A polygenic risk predisposition score composed of 10 genetic SNPs is useful for FSS risk prediction and the height reduction tendency. Thus, it might contribute to FSS risk in the Han Chinese population from Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Wang
- Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guo C, Kong F, Lv Y, Gao N, Xiu X, Sun X. CDC20 inhibitor Apcin inhibits embryo implantation in vivo and in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:810-816. [PMID: 32458533 PMCID: PMC7496523 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For successful implantation, endometrial receptivity must be established. The high expression of CDC20 in many kinds of malignant tumours has been reported, and it is related to the occurrence and development of tumours. According to these functions, we think that CDC20 may also play important roles in the process of embryo implantation. To prove our hypothesis, we observed the distribution and expression of CDC20 in mouse and human early pregnancy. The effect of E2 and/or P4 on the expression of CDC20 in human endometrial cells was detected by Western blot. To further explore whether CDC20 is an important factor in adhesion and proliferation. The results showed that the expression of CDC20 in the uterus and menstrual cycle of early pregnant mice was spatiotemporal. E2 can promote the expression of CDC20. On the contrary, P4 and E2 + P4 inhibited the expression of CDC20. We also detected the proliferation and adhesion of human endometrial cells. We found that the inhibition of CDC20 with its inhibitor Apcin could reduce the adhesion rate and proliferation ability to RL95‐2 and HEC‐1A cells, respectively. Inhibiting CDC20 by Apcin could interfere the embryo implantation of mouse. It is suggested that CDC20 may play an important role in the process of embryo implantation. Significance of the study Embryo implantation is an extremely complex and delicate process, including identification, localisation, adhesion and invasion between embryo and endometrium. Studies have shown the process of embryo implantation is very similar to that of tumour invasion. CDC20 is a cancer‐promoting factor. We found CDC20 is spatially and spatially expressed in mouse and human menstrual cycles and is regulated by oestrogen and progesterone. Apcin can inhibit the adhesion of JAR cells and embryo implantation of mouse. CDC20 may provide a new way to improve the success rate of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjia Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fandou Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunyi Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Xiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhou Q, Li J, Yue W, Li A, Meng TG, Lei WL, Fan LH, Ouyang YC, Schatten H, Wang ZB, Sun QY. Cell division cycle 23 is required for mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. FASEB J 2020; 34:8990-9002. [PMID: 32449168 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of chromosome segregation during oocyte meiosis is of vital importance to mammalian reproduction. Anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is reported to play an important role in metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Here we report that cell division cycle 23 (Cdc23, also known as APC8) plays a critical role in regulating the oocyte chromosome separation. Cdc23 localized on the meiotic spindle, and microinjection of Cdc23 siRNA caused decreased ratios of metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Loss of Cdc23 resulted in abnormal spindles, misaligned chromosomes, errors of homologous chromosome segregation, and production of aneuploid oocytes. Further study showed that inactivation of spindle assembly checkpoint and degradation of Cyclin B1 and securin were disturbed after Cdc23 knockdown. Furthermore, we found that inhibiting spindle assembly checkpoint protein Msp1 partly rescued the decreased polar body extrusion and reduced the accumulation of securin in Cdc23 knockdown oocytes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Cdc23 is required for the chromosome segregation through regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint activity, and cyclin B1 and securin degradation in meiotic mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ubiquitin chain-elongating enzyme UBE2S activates the RING E3 ligase APC/C for substrate priming. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:550-560. [PMID: 32393902 PMCID: PMC7293561 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between E2 and E3 enzymes regulates the polyubiquitination of substrates in eukaryotes. Among the several RING-domain E3 ligases in humans, many utilize two distinct E2s for polyubiquitination. For example, the cell cycle regulatory E3, human Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), relies on UBE2C to prime substrates with ubiquitin (Ub) and UBE2S to extend polyubiquitin chains. However, the potential coordination between these steps in ubiquitin chain formation remains undefined. While numerous studies have unveiled how RING E3s stimulate individual E2s for Ub transfer, here we change perspective to describe a case where the chain-elongating E2 UBE2S feeds back and directly stimulates the E3 APC/C to promote substrate priming and subsequent multiubiquitination by UBE2C. Our work reveals an unexpected paradigm for the mechanisms of RING E3-dependent ubiquitination and for the diverse and complex interrelationship between components of the ubiquitination cascade.
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Feng C, Liang Y, Teodoro JG. The Role of Apoptin in Chicken Anemia Virus Replication. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040294. [PMID: 32316372 PMCID: PMC7238243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptin is the Vp3 protein of chicken anemia virus (CAV), which infects the thymocytes and erythroblasts in young chickens, causing chicken infectious anemia and immunosuppression. Apoptin is highly studied for its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in human tumor cells and, thus, is a protein of interest in anti-tumor therapy. CAV apoptin is known to localize to different subcellular compartments in transformed and non-transformed cells, depending on the DNA damage response, and the phosphorylation of several identified threonine residues. In addition, apoptin interacts with molecular machinery such as the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) to inhibit the cell cycle and induce arrest in G2/M phase. While these functions of apoptin contribute to the tumor-selective effect of the protein, they also provide an important fundamental framework to apoptin’s role in viral infection, pathogenesis, and propagation. Here, we reviewed how the regulation, localization, and functions of apoptin contribute to the viral life cycle and postulated its importance in efficient replication of CAV. A model of the molecular biology of infection is critical to informing our understanding of CAV and other related animal viruses that threaten the agricultural industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yingke Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jose G. Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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APC/C ubiquitin ligase: Functions and mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:80-91. [PMID: 32165320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C), is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex essential for cellular division due to its role in regulating the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase. In this review, we highlight recent work that has shed light on our understanding of the role of APC/C coactivators, Cdh1 and Cdc20, in cancer initiation and development. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding APC/C structure and function, as well as the distinct ways Cdh1 and Cdc20 are dysregulated in human cancer. We also discuss APC/C inhibitors, novel approaches for targeting the APC/C as a cancer therapy, and areas for future work.
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Deng L, Meng T, Chen L, Wei W, Wang P. The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32296023 PMCID: PMC7048745 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the "quantity" and "quality" of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI-219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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