1
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Ye LW, Zhang ZH, He Y, Wei SR, Lu JB, Hu HS, Li J. Is pentavalent Pr(V) feasible in solid CsPrF 6? Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39221622 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation state (OS) holds significant importance in the field of chemistry and serves as a crucial parameter for tracking electrons. Lanthanide (Ln) elements predominately exhibit a +III oxidation state, with a few elements such as Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy able to achieve a +IV oxidation state. Over the past century, numerous attempts to synthesize Pr(V) have been made without success until recent reports on Pr(V) oxides and nitride-oxide in the gas phase expanded our understanding of Ln elements. However, the formation of Pr(V) in the condensed phase remains an open question. In this work, based on advanced quantum chemical investigations, we predict that formation of the solid-state CsPrVF6 from Pr(III) and Pr(IV) complexes is exothermic, indicating that CsPrVF6 is stable. The crystal structure comprises [PrF6]- octahedral clusters occupying the interstitial spaces of Cs cations. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the CsPrF6 crystal has a closed-shell structure and that Pr reaches its highest oxidation state of +V. The results indicate that the existence of Pr(V) in solid-state Ln fluorides is not impossible, which enriches our understanding of high-valence Ln compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zi-He Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shi-Ru Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
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2
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Hu J, Xing X, Wang X. A Coppoborylene Stabilized by Multicenter Covalent Bonding and Its Amphoteric Reactivity to CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403755. [PMID: 38797711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A cationic copper-stabilized coppoborylene was prepared and structurally characterized via infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This structure exemplifies a new class of borylenes stabilized by three-center-two-electron metal-boron-metal covalent bonding interaction, displaying exceptional σ-acidity and unparalleled π-donor capability for CO activation that outperforms all of the known transition metal cations and is comparable or even superior to the documented base-trapped borylenes. Its neutral form represents a monovalent boron compound with a strongly reactive amphoteric boron center built on transition-metal-boron bonds, which inspires the design and synthesis of new members of the borylene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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3
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Hu J, Xing X, Wang X. Formation of Delocalized Linear M-B-M Covalent Bonds: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of BM 2(CO) 8+ (M = Co, Rh, Ir) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13459-13467. [PMID: 38982873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Investigations of transition-metal boride clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The geometric structures and bonding features of heteronuclear boron-containing transition metal carbonyl cluster cations BM(CO)6+ and BM2(CO)8+ (M = Co, Rh, and Ir) are studied by a combination of the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional calculations at B3LYP/def2-TZVP level. The completely coordinated BM2(CO)8+ complexes are characterized as a sandwich structure composed of two staggered M(CO)4 fragments and a boron cation, featuring a D3d symmetry and 1Eg electronic ground state as well as metal-anchored carbonyls in an end-on manner. In conjunction with theoretical calculations, multifold metal-boron-metal bonding interactions in BM2(CO)8+ complexes involving the filled d orbitals of the metals and the empty p orbitals of the boron cation were unveiled, namely, one σ-type M-B-M bond and two π-type M-B-M bonds. Accordingly, the BM2(CO)8+ complexes can be described as a linear conjugated (OC)4M═B═M(CO)4 skeleton with a formal B-M bond index of 1.5. The three delocalized d-p-d covalent bonds render compensation for the electron deficiency of the cationic boron center and endow both metal centers with the favorable 18-electron structure, thus contributing much to the overall structural stability of the BM2(CO)8+ cations. As a comparison, the saturated BRh(CO)6+ and BIr(CO)6+ complexes are determined to be a doublet Cs-symmetry structure with an unbridged (OC)2B-M(CO)4 pattern, involving a two-center σ-type (OC)2B → M(CO)4+ dative single bond along with a weak covalent B-M half bond. This work offers important insight into the structure and bonding of late transition metal boride carbonyl cluster cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Hu J, Wang X. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Dinuclear Vanadium-Group Metal Carbonyl Complexes: Diatomic Synergistic Activation of Carbon Monoxide. Molecules 2024; 29:2831. [PMID: 38930895 PMCID: PMC11206424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The geometric structure and bonding features of dinuclear vanadium-group transition metal carbonyl cation complexes in the form of VM(CO)n+ (n = 9-11, M = V, Nb, and Ta) are studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional calculations. The homodinuclear V2(CO)9+ is characterized as a quartet structure with CS symmetry, featuring two side-on bridging carbonyls and an end-on semi-bridging carbonyl. In contrast, for the heterodinuclear VNb(CO)9+ and VTa(CO)9+, a C2V sextet isomer with a linear bridging carbonyl is determined to coexist with the lower-lying CS structure analogous to V2(CO)9+. Bonding analyses manifest that the detected VM(CO)9+ complexes featuring an (OC)6M-V(CO)3 pattern can be regarded as the reaction products of two stable metal carbonyl fragments, and indicate the presence of the M-V d-d covalent interaction in the CS structure of VM(CO)9+. In addition, it is demonstrated that the significant activation of the bridging carbonyls in the VM(CO)9+ complexes is due in large part to the diatomic cooperation of M-V, where the strong oxophilicity of vanadium is crucial to facilitate its binding to the oxygen end of the carbonyl groups. The results offer important insight into the structure and bonding of dinuclear vanadium-containing transition metal carbonyl cluster cations and provide inspiration for the design of active vanadium-based diatomic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
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5
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Nakanishi K, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Manabe J, Guo R, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Komaguchi K, Kume S, Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Nishihara S, Kubo K, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Mizuta T, Shang R. Redox Activity of Ir III Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Based on Dipyrido-Annulated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Access to High Valent and High Spin State with Carbon Donors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302303. [PMID: 37553318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to access high-valent iridium complexes usually require use of π donating ligands bearing electronegative atoms (e. g. amide or oxide) or σ donating electropositive atoms (e. g. boryl or hydride). Besides the η5 -(methyl)cyclopentadienyl derivatives, high-valent η1 carbon-ligated iridium complexes are challenging to synthesize. To meet this challenge, this work reports the oxidation behavior of an all-carbon-ligated anionic bis(CCC-pincer) IrIII complex. Being both σ and π donating, the diaryl dipyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (dpa-NHC) IrIII complex allowed a stepwise 4e- oxidation sequence. The first 2e- oxidation led to an oxidative coupling of two adjacent aryl groups, resulting in formation of a cationic chiral IrIII complex bearing a CCCC-tetradentate ligand. A further 2e- oxidation allowed isolation of a high-valent tricationic complex with a triplet ground state. These results close a synthetic gap for carbon-ligated iridium complexes and demonstrate the electronic tuning potential of organic π ligands for unusual electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Leonardo I Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jun Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ronghao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kenji Komaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Peng C, Luo J, Wang K, Li J, Ma Y, Li J, Yang H, Chen T, Zhang G, Ji X, Liao Y, Lin H, Ji Z. Iridium metal complex targeting oxidation resistance 1 protein attenuates spinal cord injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102913. [PMID: 37857001 PMCID: PMC10587759 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor leading to profound neurological deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we present the development and potential application of an iridium (iii) complex, (CpxbiPh) Ir (N^N) Cl, where CpxbiPh represents 1-biphenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl cyclopentadienyl, and N^N denotes 2-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl) pyridine chelating agents, to address this challenge through a mechanism governed by the regulation of an antioxidant protein. This iridium complex, IrPHtz, can modulate the Oxidation Resistance 1 (OXR1) protein levels within spinal cord tissues, thus showcasing its antioxidative potential. By eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing apoptosis, the IrPHtz demonstrated neuroprotective and neural healing characteristics on injured neurons. Our molecular docking analysis unveiled the presence of π stacking within the IrPHtz-OXR1 complex, an interaction that enhanced OXR1 expression, subsequently diminishing oxidative stress, thwarting neuroinflammation, and averting neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, in in vivo experimentation with SCI-afflicted mice, IrPHtz was efficacious in shielding spinal cord neurons, promoting their regrowth, restoring electrical signaling, and improving motor performance. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of employing the iridium metal complex in a novel, protein-regulated antioxidant strategy, presenting a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shaoyang University Puai Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422099, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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7
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Xie Y, Yang Z. Morphological and Coordination Modulations in Iridium Electrocatalyst for Robust and Stable Acidic OER Catalysis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300129. [PMID: 37229769 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water splitting (PEMWS) technology has high-level current density, high operating pressure, small electrolyzer-size, integrity, flexibility, and has good adaptability to the volatility of wind power and photovoltaics, but the development of both active and high stability of the anode electrocatalyst in acidic environment is still a huge challenge, which seriously hinders the promotion and application of PEMWS. In recent years, researchers have made tremendous attempts in the development of high-quality active anode electrocatalyst, and we summarize some of the research progress made by our group in the design and synthesis of PEMWS anode electrocatalysts with different nanostructures, and makes full use of electrocatalytic activity points to increase the inherent activity of Iridium (Ir) sites, and provides optimization strategies for the long-term non-decay of catalysts under high anode potential in acidic environments. At this stage, these research advances are expected to facilitate the research and technological progress of PEMWS, and providing some research ideas and references for future research on efficient and inexpensive PEMWS anode electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xie
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China, University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Yang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China, University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou, 311305, P. R. China
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8
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Comini N, Diulus JT, Parkinson GS, Osterwalder J, Novotny Z. Stability of Iridium Single Atoms on Fe 3O 4(001) in the mbar Pressure Range. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:19097-19106. [PMID: 37791099 PMCID: PMC10544020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable single metal adatoms on oxide surfaces are of great interest for future applications in the field of catalysis. We studied iridium single atoms (Ir1) supported on a Fe3O4(001) single crystal, a model system previously only studied in ultra-high vacuum, to explore their behavior upon exposure to several gases in the millibar range (up to 20 mbar) utilizing ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ir1 single adatoms appear stable upon exposure to a variety of common gases at room temperature, including oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), argon (Ar), and water vapor. Changes in the Ir 4f binding energy suggest that Ir1 interacts not only with adsorbed and dissociated molecules but also with water/OH groups and adventitious carbon species deposited inevitably under these pressure conditions. At higher temperatures (473 K), iridium adatom encapsulation takes place in an oxidizing environment (a partial O2 pressure of 0.1 mbar). We attribute this phenomenon to magnetite growth caused by the enhanced diffusion of iron cations near the surface. These findings provide an initial understanding of the behavior of single atoms on metal oxides outside the UHV regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Comini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - J. Trey Diulus
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Zbynek Novotny
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
- EMPA,
Laboratory for Joining Technologies and Corrosion, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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9
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Lu XQ, Yan QQ, Zhao XN, Li SD. Sc@B 28-, Ti@B 28, V@B 28+, and V@B 292-: Spherically Aromatic Endohedral Seashell-like Metallo-Borospherenes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093892. [PMID: 37175301 PMCID: PMC10179789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-doped boron nanoclusters exhibit unique structures and bonding in chemistry. Using the experimentally observed seashell-like borospherenes C2 B28-/0 and Cs B29- as ligands and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein a series of novel transition-metal-centered endohedral seashell-like metallo-borospherenes C2 Sc@B28- (1), C2 Ti@B28 (2), C2 V@B28+ (3), and Cs V@B292- (4) which, as the global minima of the complex systems, turn out to be the boron analogues of dibenzenechromium D6h Cr(C6H6)2 with two B12 ligands on the top and bottom interconnected by four or five corner boron atoms on the waist and one transition-metal "pearl" sandwiched at the center in between. Detailed molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), and iso-chemical shielding surface (ICSS) analyses indicate that, similar to Cr(C6H6)2, these endohedral seashell-like complexes follow the 18-electron rule in bonding patterns (1S21P61D10), rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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10
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Relativistic effects on the chemical bonding properties of the heavier elements and their compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Li XN, He SG. Gas-phase reactions driven by polarized metal-metal bonding in atomic clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4444-4459. [PMID: 36723009 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic catalysts exhibit great potential in the activation and catalytic transformation of small molecules. The polarized metal-metal bonds have been gradually recognized to account for the reactivity of multimetallic catalysts due to the synergistic effect of different metal centers. Gas-phase reactions on atomic clusters that compositionally resemble the active sites on related condensed-phase catalysts provide a widely accepted strategy to clarify the nature of polarized metal-metal bonds and the mechanistic details of elementary steps involved in the catalysis driven by this unique chemical bonding. This perspective review concerns the progress in the fundamental understanding of industrially and environmentally important reactions that are closely related to the polarized metal-metal bonds in clusters at a strictly molecular level. The following topics have been summarized and discussed: (1) catalytic CO oxidation with O2, H2O, and NO as oxidants (2) and the activation of other inert molecules (e.g., CH4, CO2, and N2) mediated with clusters featuring polarized metal-metal bonding. It turns out that the findings in the gas phase parallel the catalytic behaviors of condensed-phase catalysts and the knowledge can prove to be essential in inspiring future design of promising catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Pérez‐Bitrián A, Alvarez S, Baya M, Echeverría J, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. Terminal Au-N and Au-O Units in Organometallic Frames. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203181. [PMID: 36263870 PMCID: PMC10107225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since gold is located well beyond the oxo wall, chemical species with terminal Au-N and Au-O units are extremely rare and limited to low coordination numbers. We report here that these unusual units can be trapped within a suitable organometallic frame. Thus, the terminal auronitrene and auroxyl derivatives [(CF3 )3 AuN]- and [(CF3 )3 AuO]- were identified as local minima by calculation. These open-shell, high-energy ions were experimentally detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2 ): They respectively arise by N2 or NO2 dissociation from the corresponding precursor species [(CF3 )3 Au(N3 )]- and [(CF3 )3 Au(ONO2 )]- in the gas phase. Together with the known fluoride derivative [(CF3 )3 AuF]- , they form an interesting series of isoleptic and alloelectronic complexes of the highly acidic organogold(iii) moiety (CF3 )3 Au with singly charged anions X- of the most electronegative elements (X=F, O, N). Ligand-field inversion in all these [(CF3 )3 AuX]- species results in the localization of unpaired electrons at the N and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez‐Bitrián
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Facultat de QuímicaUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
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13
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Wang JQ, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the highest oxidation states of the actinoids in AnO 4 molecules (An = Ac - Cm): A DMRG-CASSCF study. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:190-198. [PMID: 35420170 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Actinoid tetroxide molecules AnO4 (An = Ac - Cm) are investigated with the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach. Natural orbital shapes are used to read out the oxidation state (OS) of the f-elements, and the atomic orbital energies and radii are used to explain the trends. The highest OSs reveal a "volcano"-type variation: For An = Ac - Np, the OSs are equal to the number of available valence electrons, that is, AcIII , ThIV , PaV , UVI , and NpVII . Starting with plutonium as the turning point, the highest OSs in the most stable AnO4 isomers then decrease as PuV , AmV , and CmIII , indicating that the 5f-electrons are hard to be fully oxidized off from Pu onward. The variations are related to the actinoid contraction and to the 5f-covalency characteristics. Combined with previous work on OSs, we review their general trends throughout the periodic table, providing fundamental understanding of OS-relevant phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing.,Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Biologie, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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14
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da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio‐Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207688. [PMID: 35818987 PMCID: PMC9544489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron-rich late transition elements of groups 7-9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical study of gas-phaseR h O n + (n=1-4), we identifyR h O 3 + as the1 A 1 ' trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third-highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Tony Stüker
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Max Flach
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Vicente Zamudio‐Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
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15
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Li N, Cai L, Gao G, Lin Y, Wang C, Liu H, Liu Y, Duan H, Ji Q, Hu W, Tan H, Qi Z, Wang LW, Yan W. Operando Direct Observation of Stable Water-Oxidation Intermediates on Ca 2-xIrO 4 Nanocrystals for Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6988-6996. [PMID: 36005477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report Ca2-xIrO4 nanocrystals exhibit record stability of 300 h continuous operation and high iridium mass activity (248 A gIr-1 at 1.5 VRHE) that is about 62 times that of benchmark IrO2. Lattice-resolution images and surface-sensitive spectroscopies demonstrate the Ir-rich surface layer (evolved from one-dimensional connected edge-sharing [IrO6] octahedrons) with high relative content of Ir5+ sites, which is responsible for the high activity and long-term stability. Combining operando infrared spectroscopy with X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we report the first direct observation of key intermediates absorbing at 946 cm-1 (Ir6+═O site) and absorbing at 870 cm-1 (Ir6+OO- site) on iridium-based oxides electrocatalysts, and further discover the Ir6+═O and Ir6+OO- intermediates are stable even just from 1.3 VRHE. Density functional theory calculations indicate the catalytic activity of Ca2IrO4 is enhanced remarkably after surface Ca leaching, and suggest IrOO- and Ir═O intermediates can be stabilized on positive charged active sites of Ir-rich surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Liang Cai
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Guoping Gao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Hengjie Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Hengli Duan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Hao Tan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Zeming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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16
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Sanchis-Perucho A, Orts-Arroyo M, Castro I, Lloret F, Martínez-Lillo J. Crystal polymorphism in 2,2'-bipyrimidine-based iridium(III) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sanchis-Perucho
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Marta Orts-Arroyo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Isabel Castro
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
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17
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Chen LS, Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Wang SD, Ma TM, Li XN, He SG. Water-Gas Shift Catalyzed by Iridium-Vanadium Oxide Clusters IrVO 2- with Iridium in a Rare Oxidation State of -II. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5294-5301. [PMID: 35943908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of compounds containing transition metals with an unusual and well-established oxidation state is vital to enrich our horizon on formal oxidation state. Herein, benefiting from the study of the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2) mediated with the iridium-vanadium oxide cluster IrVO2-, the missing -II oxidation state of iridium was identified. The reactions were performed by using our newly developed double ion trap reactors that can spatially separate the addition of reactants and are characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations. This finding makes an important step that all the proposed 13 oxidation states of iridium (+IX to -III) have been known. The iridium atom in the IrVO2- cluster features the Ir═V double bond and resembles chemically the coordinated oxygen atom. A reactivity study demonstrated that the flexible role switch of iridium between an oxygen-atom like (Ir-IIVO2-) and a transition-metal-atom like behavior (Ir+IIVO3-) in different species can drive the water-gas shift reaction in the gas phase under ambient conditions. This result parallels and well rationalizes the extraordinary reactivity of oxide-supported iridium single-atom catalysts in related condensed-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Si-Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Tong-Mei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio-Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Physics Albert-Eistein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Tony Stüker
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Max Flach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Martin Timm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Physikalisches Institut Hermann-Herder-Straße 3 79104 Freiburg GERMANY
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
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19
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The improved photocatalytic antibiotic removal performance achieved on Ir/WO2.72 photocatalysts. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Feng YJ, Wang C. Molecular vibrational spectral simulation connects theoretical cluster structure identification and vibrational spectral evidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16317-16324. [PMID: 35758847 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure identification of molecular clusters has long been a fundamental and challenging issue for cluster science. The traditional theoretical optimization on the potential energy surface heavily depends on the levels of theory and sometimes diverse identifications were reported. A solution to these disputations is to reinspect the theoretical results with the experimental data such as vibrational predissociation spectra with high sensitivity to the molecular cluster structures. Herein, the combination of global low-lying structure search and vibrational predissociation spectral simulation is proposed as an accurate and reliable approach for cluster structure identification, by which the assignments can be validated using experimental measurements. The qualitative agreement between simulated and measured vibrational spectra lends solid experimental evidence to the assignment of the cluster structures. Taking NH4+(H2O)n (n = 2-4) as an example, we have unambiguously identified their structures and directly demonstrated the coexistence of two NH4+(H2O)4 isomers (with 3 and 4 water molecules directly linked to NH4+, respectively), which were debatable in previous studies. The developed methods would pave the way to the structure determination of the molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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21
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Guo S, Mitchell Warden HE, Cava RJ. Structural Diversity in Oxoiridates with 1D Ir nO 3(n+1) Chain Fragments and Flat Bands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10043-10050. [PMID: 35709355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previously unreported series of hexagonal-perovskite-based Rb-oxoiridates, Rb5Ir2O9, Rb7Ir3O12, and Rb12Ir7O24, have been synthesized and structurally analyzed via N2-protected single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). These materials exhibit different 1D IrnO3(n+1) chain fragments along their c axes. IrO6 octahedra and RbOx (x = 6, 8, and 10) polyhedra are their basic building blocks. The IrO6 octahedra are linked via face-sharing, forming Ir2O9 dimers, Ir3O12 trimers, and Ir7O24 heptamers. The nonmagnetic RbOx (x = 6, 8, and 10) polyhedra serve as both bridging units and spacers. Temperature-dependent SC-XRD shows all three to display positive thermal expansion and rules out structural transitions from their triangular symmetries down to 100 K. Density functional theory results suggest semiconducting-like behavior for the title compounds. The flatness of the electronic bands and our structural analysis are of potential interest for understanding and designing 1D quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - R J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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22
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Lu Y, Tsegaw YA, Wodyński A, Li L, Beckers H, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Investigation of Molecular Iridium Fluorides IrF n (n=1-6): A Combined Matrix-Isolation and Quantum-Chemical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104005. [PMID: 35181951 PMCID: PMC9310635 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The photo-initiated defluorination of iridium hexafluoride (IrF6 ) was investigated in neon and argon matrices at 6 K, and their photoproducts are characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies as well as quantum-chemical calculations. The primary photoproducts obtained after irradiation with λ=365 nm are iridium pentafluoride (IrF5 ) and iridium trifluoride (IrF3 ), while longer irradiation of the same matrix with λ=278 nm produced iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4 ) and iridium difluoride (IrF2 ) by Ir-F bond cleavage or F2 elimination. In addition, IrF5 can be reversed to IrF6 by adding a F atom when exposed to blue-light (λ=470 nm) irradiation. Laser irradiation (λ=266 nm) of IrF4 also generated IrF6 , IrF5 , IrF3 and IrF2 . Alternatively, molecular binary iridium fluorides IrFn (n=1-6) were produced by co-deposition of laser-ablated iridium atoms with elemental fluorine in excess neon and argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. Computational studies up to scalar relativistic CCSD(T)/triple-ζ level and two-component quasirelativistic DFT computations including spin-orbit coupling effects supported the formation of these products and provided detailed insights into their molecular structures by their characteristic Ir-F stretching bands. Compared to the Jahn-Teller effect, the influence of spin-orbit coupling dominates in IrF5 , leading to a triplet ground state with C4v symmetry, which was spectroscopically detected in solid argon and neon matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Lin Li
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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23
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Mayer M, Vankova N, Stolz F, Abel B, Heine T, Asmis KR. Identification of a Two-Coordinate Iron(I)-Oxalate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117855. [PMID: 35088489 PMCID: PMC9303725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exotic oxidation states of the first-row transition metals have recently attracted much interest. In order to investigate the oxidation states of a series of iron-oxalate complexes, an aqueous solution of iron(III) nitrate and oxalic acid was studied by infrared free liquid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as well as ionspray mass spectrometry. Here, we show that iron is not only detected in its common oxidation states +II and +III, but also in its unusual oxidation state +I, detectable in both positive-ion and in negative-ion modes, respectively. Vibrational spectra of the gas phase anionic iron oxalate complexes [FeIII (C2 O4 )2 ]- , [FeII (C2 O4 )CO2 ]- , and [FeI (C2 O4 )]- were measured by means of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and their structures were assigned by comparison to anharmonic vibrational spectra based on second-order perturbation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayer
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 204103LeipzigGermany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Theoretische ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstr. 66c01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Stolz
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)Permoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 204103LeipzigGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)Permoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretische ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstr. 66c01062DresdenGermany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfForschungsstelle LeipzigPermoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
- Department of ChemistryYonsei UniversitySeodaemun-gu, Seoul120-749Republic of Korea
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 204103LeipzigGermany
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Sanchis-Perucho A, Martínez-Lillo J. A new family of one-dimensional bromo-bridged Ir(IV)-Cu(II) complexes based on the hexabromoiridate(IV) metalloligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3323-3330. [PMID: 35133370 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using the iridium(IV) complex (NBu4)2[IrBr6] (1) as a metalloligand towards a Cu(II) metal ion, three novel Ir(IV) one-dimensional (1D) compounds of formula {IrBr5(μ-Br)Cu(Meim)4}n (2), {IrBr5(μ-Br)Cu(Viim)4}n (3) and {IrBr5(μ-Br)Cu(Buim)4}n (4), [Meim = 1-methylimidazole; Viim = 1-vinylimidazole; Buim = 1-butylimidazole] have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterised. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 crystallise in the triclinic, monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal systems with space groups P1̄, C2/c and Pccn, respectively. Each Ir(IV) ion in 1-4 is six-coordinate and bonded to six bromide ions in a quasi regular octahedral geometry. In compounds 2-4, the CuII ion shows an axially elongated octahedron with four N atoms, from four monodentate imidazole derivative ligands, that form the equatorial plane and two bromide ions that occupy the axial positions. Cu(II) and Ir(IV) ions are linked through bridging bromide anions generating Ir(IV)-Cu(II) chains [with intrachain Cu(II)⋯Ir(IV) distances covering the range of ca. 5.10-5.42 Å]. In the crystal lattice of 2 and 3 are observed significant intermolecular Ir-Br⋯Br-Ir contacts and π⋯Br interactions, which organize arrangements that contribute to stabilizing the crystal structure of these Ir(IV)-based compounds. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that 1 displays magnetic behaviour typical of noninteracting mononuclear centres with S = 1/2. Besides, antiferromagnetic behaviour (2 and 3) and ferromagnetic (4) exchange coupling occur between the Cu(II) and Ir(IV) metal ions in the one-dimensional bromo-bridged compounds 2-4. Moreover, the study of the AC magnetic susceptibility shows a field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetisation for 1, indicating the presence of the single-ion magnet (SIM) phenomenon for the magnetically isolated hexabromoiridate(IV) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sanchis-Perucho
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Martínez-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Mayer M, Vankova N, Stolz F, Abel B, Heine T, Asmis KR. Identification of a Two‐Coordinate Iron(I)‐Oxalate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayer
- Universität Leipzig: Universitat Leipzig Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut GERMANY
| | - Nina Vankova
- Technische Universität Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Ferdinand Stolz
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification: Leibniz-Institut fur Oberflachenmodifizierung eV Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification: Leibniz-Institut fur Oberflachenmodifizierung eV Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Thomas Heine
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Universitat Leipzig Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig GERMANY
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26
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Abstract
The achievement of new bonding patterns of atoms in compounds is of great importance, which usually induces interesting physical and chemical properties. Rich oxidation states, diverse bonding types, and unique aurophilic attraction endow gold (Au) as a distinctive element. Here we report that a pressure-induced Li5AuP2, identified by a swarm intelligence-based structural prediction, becomes the first example of Au with sp3 hybridization. The most remarkable feature of Li5AuP2 is that it contains various frameworks made by AuP4, AuLi4, LiP4, and blende-like Li-P units, exhibiting noncentrosymmetry. The charge transfer from Li to Au makes Au 6p orbitals activate and hybridize with the 6s one. On the other hand, Li donating electrons to P and polar Au-P covalence make the constituent atoms satisfy the octet rule, rendering Li5AuP2 with a semiconducting character and a large second-order nonlinear optical response in the near-infrared region. Our work represents a significant step toward extending the understanding of gold chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yadong Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zeng Yang
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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27
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Zhang NX, Wang C, Wu Q, Lan J, Chai Z, Shi W. Highly stable actinide(III) complexes supported by doubly aromatic ligands. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5921-5928. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the electron-deficient nature of boron atom, the structures and properties of boron clusters can be enriched by doping various metal atoms, including lanthanide metal atoms. Nevertheless, the viability...
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28
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Li H, Zhang C, Li S. Study on the Regulation of Alkali-earth Metal Be n ( n=1~3) on the Structure of B 12 Clusters. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Gimferrer M, Aldossary A, Salvador P, Head-Gordon M. Oxidation State Localized Orbitals: A Method for Assigning Oxidation States Using Optimally Fragment-Localized Orbitals and a Fragment Orbital Localization Index. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:309-322. [PMID: 34929084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation states represent the ionic distribution of charge in a molecule and are significant in tracking redox reactions and understanding chemical bonding. While effective algorithms already exist based on formal Lewis structures as well as using localized orbitals, they exhibit differences in challenging cases where effects such as redox noninnocence are at play. Given a density functional theory (DFT) calculation with chosen total charge and spin multiplicity, this work reports a new approach to obtaining fragment-localized orbitals that is termed oxidation state localized orbitals (OSLO), together with an algorithm for assigning the oxidation state using the OSLOs and an associated fragment orbital localization index (FOLI). Evaluating the FOLI requires fragment populations, and for this purpose a new version of the intrinsic atomic orbital (IAO) scheme is introduced in which the IAOs are evaluated using a reference minimal basis formed from on-the-fly superposition of atomic density (IAO-AutoSAD) calculations in the target basis set and at the target level of theory. The OSLO algorithm is applied to a range of challenging cases including high valent metal oxide complexes, redox noninnocent NO and dithiolate transition metal complexes, a range of carbene-containing TM complexes, and other examples including the potentially inverted ligand field in [Cu(CF3)4]-. Across this range of cases, OSLO produces generally satisfactory results. Furthermore, in borderline cases, the OSLOs and associated FOLI values provide direct evidence of the emergence of covalent interactions between fragments that nicely complements existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlsi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abdulrahman Aldossary
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlsi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Conradie J, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Iridium(VII)-Corrole Terminal Carbides Should Exist as Stable Compounds. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:159-163. [PMID: 36855452 PMCID: PMC9955125 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scalar-relativistic DFT calculations with multiple exchange-correlation functionals and large basis sets foreshadow the existence of stable iridium(VII)-corrole terminal carbide derivatives. For the parent compound Ir[Cor](C), OLYP/STO-TZ2P calculations predict a short Ir-C bond distance of 1.69 Å, a moderately domed macrocycle with no indications of ligand noninnocence, a surprisingly low electron affinity of ∼1.1 eV, and a substantial singlet-triplet gap of ∼1.8 eV. These results, and their essential invariance with respect to the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, lead us to posit that Ir(VII)-corrole terminal carbide complexes should be isolable and indefinitely stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,
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31
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Wang J, Zhang NX, Wang CZ, Wu QY, Lan JH, Chai ZF, Nie CM, Shi WQ. Theoretical probing of twenty-coordinate actinide-centered boron molecular drums. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26967-26973. [PMID: 34842871 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of metal-doped boron clusters has a great significance in the design of high coordination number (CN) compounds. Actinide-doped boron clusters are probable candidates for achieving high CNs. In this work, we systematically explored a series of actinide metal atom (U, Np, and Pu) doped B20 boron clusters An@B20 (An = U, Np, and Pu) by global minimum structural searches and density functional theory (DFT). Each An@B20 cluster is confirmed to be a twenty-coordinate complex, which is the highest CN obtained in the chemistry of actinide-doped boron clusters so far. The predicted global minima of An@B20 are tubular structures with actinide atoms as centers, which can be considered as boron molecular drums. In An@B20, U@B20 has a relatively high symmetry of C2, while both Np@B20 and Pu@B20 exhibit C1 symmetry. Extensive bonding analysis demonstrates that An@B20 has σ and π delocalized bonding, and the U-B bonds possess a relatively higher covalency than the Np-B and Pu-B bonds, resulting in the higher formation energy of U@B20. Therefore, the covalent character of An-B bonding may be crucial for the formation of these high CN actinide-centered boron clusters. These results deepen our understanding of actinide metal doped boron clusters and provide new clues for developing stable high CN boron-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Nai-Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Lan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chang-Ming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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32
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Infrared spectroscopic and density functional theoretical study on the binary rhodium–oxygen Rh2O9+ cation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Fang H, Banjade H, Jena P. Realization of the Zn 3+ oxidation state. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14041-14048. [PMID: 34477685 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to unfilled d-shells, transition metal atoms exhibit multiple oxidation states and rich chemistry. While zinc is often classified as a transition metal, electrons in its filled 3d10 shell do not participate in chemical reactions; hence, its oxidation state is +2. Using calculations based on density functional theory, we show that the chemistry of zinc can fundamentally change when it is allowed to interact with highly stable super-electrophilic trianions, namely, BeB11(CN)123- and BeB23(CN)223-, which lie 15.85 eV and 18.49 eV lower in energy than their respective neutral states. The fact that Zn exists in +3 oxidation states while interacting with these moieties is evidenced from its large binding energies of 6.33 and 7.04 eV with BeB11(CN)123- and BeB23(CN)223-, respectively, and from a comprehensive analysis of its bonding characteristics, charge density distribution, electron localization function, molecular orbitals and energy decomposition, all showing a strong involvement of its 3d electrons in chemical bonding. The replacement of CN with BO is found to increase the zinc binding energy even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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34
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Jin J, Wang G, Zhou M. Infrared Spectroscopy and Bonding of the B(NN) 3+ and B 2(NN) 3,4+ Cation Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6246-6253. [PMID: 34254811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The boron-dinitrogen cation complexes B(NN)3+ and B2(NN)3,4+ are produced in the gas phase and are studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the N-N stretching vibrational frequency region. The geometric and electronic structures are determined by comparison of the experimental spectra with density functional theory calculations. The B(NN)3+ cation is characterized to have a closed-shell singlet ground state with planar D3h symmetry. The B2(NN)3+ cation is determined to have a B═B bonded (NN)2BBNN structure with C2v symmetry. Two isomers of the B2(NN)4+ cation contribute to the experimental spectrum. One is a N2-tagged complex involving a B2(NN)3+ core ion. Another one is a B-B bonded B2(NN)4+ complex with a planar D2h structure. Bonding analyses reveal that the B-NN interactions in these complexes come mainly from covalent orbital interactions, with the NN → B σ donation being stronger than the B → NN π back-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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35
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Jiang XL, Xu CQ, Lu JB, Cao CS, Schmidbaur H, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Group-7 Tri-Oxo-Halides MO 3X (M = Mn-Bh, X = F-Ts). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9504-9515. [PMID: 34152757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 24 trioxide halide molecules MO3X of the manganese group (M = Mn-Bh; X = F-Ts), which are iso-valence-electronic with the famous MnO4- ion, have been quantum-chemically investigated by quasi-relativistic density-functional and ab initio correlated approaches. Geometric and electronic structures, valence and oxidation numbers, vibrational and electronic spectral properties, energetic stabilities of the monomers in the gas phase, and the decay mode of MnO3F have been investigated. The light Mn-3d species are most strongly electron-correlated, indicating that the concept of a closed-shell Lewis-type single-configurational structure [Mn+7(d0) O-2(p6)3 F-(p6)] reaches its limits. The concept of real-valued spin orbitals φ(r)·α and φ(r)·β breaks down for the heavy Bh-6d, At-6p and Ts-7p elements because of the dominating spin-orbit coupling. The vigorous decomposition of MnO3F at ambient conditions starts by the autocatalyzed release of n O2 and the formation of MnmO3m-2nFm clusters, triggered by the electron-depleted "oxylic" character of the oxide ligands in MnO3X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang-Su Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department Chemie, Universität Siegen, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Xu XC, Zhao XK, Hu HS. Ligands enhanced the Ac[triple bond, length as m-dash]Ac triple bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10244-10250. [PMID: 33885071 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The multiple bonds between actinide atoms and their derivatives are computationally investigated extensively and compounds with an unsupported actinide-actinide bond, especially in low oxidation states, have attracted great attention. Herein, high level relativistic quantum chemical methods are used to probe the Ac-Ac bonding in compounds with a general formula LAcAcL (L = AsH3, PH3, NH3, H, CO, NO) at both scalar and spin-orbit coupling relativistic levels. H3AsAcAcAsH3, H3PAcAcPH3 and OCAcAcCO compounds show a type of zero valence Ac[triple bond, length as m-dash]Ac triple bond with a 1σ2g1π4u configuration, and H3AsAcAcAsH3 has been found to have the shortest Ac-Ac bond length of 3.012 Å reported so far. The Ac2 unit is very sensitive to the σ donor ligands and can form triple, double and even single bonds when suitable ligands are introduced, up to 3.652 Å with an Ac-Ac single bond in H3NAcAcNH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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37
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Ding Y, Kumagai Y, Oba F, Burton LA. Data-Mining Element Charges in Inorganic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8264-8267. [PMID: 32852211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation states are well-established in chemical science teaching and research. We data-mine more than 168 000 crystallographic reports to find an optimal allocation of oxidation states to each element. In doing so, we uncover discrepancies between textbook chemistry and reported charge states observed in materials. We go on to show how the oxidation states we recommend can significantly facilitate materials discovery and the heuristic design of novel inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Kumagai
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Oba
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lee A Burton
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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38
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Zhang Y, Zhao XY, Yan M, Li SD. From inverse sandwich Ta 2B 7 + and Ta 2B 8 to spherical trihedral Ta 3B 12 -: prediction of the smallest metallo-borospherene. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29320-29325. [PMID: 35521142 PMCID: PMC9055930 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-doped boron nanoclusters exhibit interesting structures and bonding. Inspired by the experimentally discovered inverse sandwich D6h Ta2B6 and spherical trihedral D3h La3B18− and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the structural transition from perfect di-metal-doped inverse sandwich D7h Ta2B7+ (1) and D8h Ta2B8 (2) to tri-metal-doped spherical trihedral D3h Ta3B12− (3). As the smallest metallo-borospherene reported to date, Ta3B12− (3) contains three octa-coordinate Ta atoms as integral parts of the cage surface coordinated in three equivalent η8-B8 rings which share two eclipsed equilateral B3 triangles on the top and bottom interconnected by three B2 units on the waist. Detailed orbital and bonding analyses indicate that both Ta2B7+ (1) and Ta2B8 (2) possess σ + π dual aromaticity, while Ta3B12− (3) is σ + π + δ triply aromatic in nature. The IR, Raman, and UV-vis or photoelectron spectra of the concerned species are computationally simulated to facilitate their future spectroscopic characterizations. Structural transition from inverse sandwich Ta2B7+ (1) and Ta2B8 (2) with σ + π dual aromaticity to the smallest metallo-borospherene D3h Ta3B12− (3) which is σ + π + δ triply aromatic in nature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Miao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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39
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Novel B-C binary fullerenes following the isolated B4C3 hexagonal pyramid rule. J Mol Model 2020; 26:199. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Stüker T, Beckers H, Riedel S. A Cornucopia of Iridium Nitrogen Compounds Produced from Laser-Ablated Iridium Atoms and Dinitrogen. Chemistry 2020; 26:7384-7394. [PMID: 31951304 PMCID: PMC7317413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of laser-ablated iridium atoms with dinitrogen molecules and nitrogen atoms yield several neutral and ionic iridium dinitrogen complexes such as Ir(N2 ), Ir(N2 )+ , Ir(N2 )2 , Ir(N2 )2 - , IrNNIr, as well as the nitrido complexes IrN, Ir(N)2 and IrIrN. These reaction products were deposited in solid neon, argon and nitrogen matrices and characterized by their infrared spectra. Assignments of vibrational bands are supported by ab initio and first principle calculations as well as 14/15 N isotope substitution experiments. The structural and electronic properties of the new dinitrogen and nitrido iridium complexes are discussed. While the formation of the elusive dinitrido complex Ir(N)2 was observed in a subsequent reaction of IrN with N atoms within the cryogenic solid matrices, the threefold coordinated iridium trinitride Ir(N)3 could not be observed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Stüker
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. On the Crucial Role of Isolated Electronic States in the Thermal Reaction of ReC + with Dihydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9370-9376. [PMID: 32181571 PMCID: PMC7317438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is that isolated, long‐lived electronic states of ReC+ serve as the root cause for distinctly different reactivities of this diatomic ion in the thermal activation of dihydrogen. Detailed high‐level quantum chemical calculations support the experimental findings obtained in the highly diluted gas phase using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. The origin for the existence of these long‐lived excited electronic states and the resulting implications for the varying mechanisms of dihydrogen splitting are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Li J, Geng C, Weiske T, Schwarz H. On the Crucial Role of Isolated Electronic States in the Thermal Reaction of ReC
+
with Dihydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University 130023 Changchun China
| | - Caiyun Geng
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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43
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Lin J, Du X, Rahm M, Yu H, Xu H, Yang G. Exploring the Limits of Transition‐Metal Fluorination at High Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
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44
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Lin J, Du X, Rahm M, Yu H, Xu H, Yang G. Exploring the Limits of Transition-Metal Fluorination at High Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9155-9162. [PMID: 32150319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is a proven method for challenging the limits of chemistry, both structurally and electronically. Here we explore computationally how pressures below 300 GPa affect the fluorination of several transition metals. A plethora of new structural phases are predicted along with the possibility for synthesizing four unobserved compounds: TcF7 , CdF3 , OsF8 , and IrF8 . The Ir and Os octaflourides are both predicted to be stable as quasi-molecular phases with an unusual cubic ligand coordination, and both compounds formally correspond to a high oxidation state of +8. Electronic-structure analysis reveals that otherwise unoccupied 6p levels are brought down in energy by the combined effects of pressure and a strong ligand field. The valence expansion of Os and Ir enables ligand-to-metal F 2p→M 6p charge transfer that strengthens M-F bonds and decreases the overall bond polarity. The lower stability of IrF8 , and the instability of PtF8 and several other compounds below 300 GPa, is explained by the occupation of M-F antibonding orbitals in octafluorides with a metal-valence-electron count exceeding 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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45
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Lu XQ, Ao MZ, Tian XX, Zan WY, Mu YW, Li SD. Perfect cubic La-doped boron clusters La 6&[La@B 24] +/0 as the embryos of low-dimensional lanthanide boride nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12469-12474. [PMID: 35497573 PMCID: PMC9051253 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
La-doped boron nanoclusters have received considerable attention due to their unique structures and bonding. Inspired by recent experimental observations of the inverse sandwich D8h La2B8 (1) and triple-decker C2v La3B14− (2) and based on extensive global searches and first-principles theory investigations, we present herein the possibility of the perfect cubic La-doped boron clusters Oh La6&[La@B24]+ (3, 1A1g) and Oh La6&[La@B24] (4, 2A2g) which appear to be the embryos of the metallic one-dimensional La10B32 (5) nanowire, two-dimensional La3B10 (6) nanosheet, and three-dimensional LaB6 (7) nanocrystal, facilitating a bottom-up approach to build cubic lanthanide boride nanostructures from gas-phase clusters. Detailed molecular orbital and bonding analyses indicate that effective (d–p)σ, (d–p)π and (d–p)δ covalent coordination interactions exist in La6&[La@B24]+/0 (3/4) clusters, while the 1D La10B32 (5), 2D La3B10 (6), and 3D LaB6 (7) crystals exhibit mainly electrostatic interactions between the trivalent La centers and cubic B24 frameworks, with weak but discernible coordination contributions from La (5d) ← B (2p) back-donations. The IR and Raman spectra of La6&[La@B24]+/0 (3/4) and band structures of La10B32 (5) and La3B10 (6) are computationally simulated to facilitate their future characterizations. Perfect cubic clusters Oh La6&[La@B24]+/0 are predicted at first-principles levels to be the embryos of 1D La10B32, 2D La3B10, and 3D LaB6 lanthanide boride nanomaterials in a bottom-up approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Lu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Mei-Zhen Ao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Xin-Xin Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wen-Yan Zan
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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46
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Wu XN, Liu Z, Wu H, Zhang D, Li W, Huang Z, Wang G, Xu F, Ding CF, Zhou M. Reactions of Transition-Metal Carbyne Cations with Ethylene in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2628-2633. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zizhuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hechen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zejian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuan-fan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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47
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Domański MA, Wolański Ł, Szarek P, Grochala W. The high covalence of metal-ligand bonds as stability limiting factor: the case of Rh(IX)O 4+ and Rh(IX)NO 3. J Mol Model 2020; 26:52. [PMID: 32034552 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium, a 4d transition metal and a lighter analogue of iridium, is known to exhibit its highest VIth oxidation state in RhF6 molecule. In this report, the stability and decomposition pathways of two species containing rhodium at a potentially formal +IX oxidation state, [RhO4]+ and RhNO3, have been investigated theoretically within the framework of the relativistic two-component Hamiltonian calculations. Possible rearrangement into isomers featuring lower formal oxidation numbers has been explored. We found that both species studied are metastable with respect to elimination of O2 or NO. However, the local minima containing Rh(IX) are protected by sufficient energy barriers on the decomposition pathway, and they could in principle be prepared. The analysis of a broader set of compounds containing group 8 and 9 metals in high formal oxidation states that correspond to the group number showed that, in contrast to a standard trend, the limits of formally attainable oxidation state correlate with high level of covalent bonding character in the complexes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz A Domański
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wolański
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Szarek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
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48
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Can We Safely Obtain Formal Oxidation States from Centroids of Localized Orbitals? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25010234. [PMID: 31935971 PMCID: PMC6983110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of centroids of localized orbitals as a method to derive oxidation states (OS) from first-principles is critically analyzed. We explore the performance of the closest-atom distance criterion to assign electrons for a number of challenging systems, including high-valent transition metal compounds, π-adducts, and transition metal (TM) carbenes. Here, we also introduce a mixed approach that combines the position of the centroids with Bader's atomic basins as an alternative criterion for electron assignment. The closest-atom criterion performs reasonably well for the challenging systems, but wrongly considers O-H and N-H bonds as hydrides. The new criterion fixes this problem, but underperforms in the case of TM carbenes. Moreover, the OS assignment in dubious cases exhibit undesirable dependence on the particular choice for orbital localization.
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49
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Wolański Ł, Domański MA, Grochala W, Szarek P. Pt X as the limit of high oxidation states in oxide–nitride species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13137-13140. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral PtO2N2 and PtNO3+ and PtN3O− ions are theoretically predicted to be sufficiently metastable to be prepared by a skillful experimenter in cryogenic conditions. PtNO3+ has a longer lifetime than the previously claimed PtO42+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wolański
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- Warsaw 02-097
- Poland
| | - Mateusz A. Domański
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- Warsaw 02-097
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Paweł Szarek
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- Warsaw 02-097
- Poland
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50
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Pei L, Yan M, Zhao XY, Mu YW, Lu HG, Wu YB, Li SD. Sea-shell-like B31+ and B32: two new axially chiral members of the borospherene family. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10129-10133. [PMID: 35498596 PMCID: PMC9050388 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the cage-like borospherenes D2d B40−/0 and the first axially chiral borospherenes C3/C2 B39−, a series of fullerene-like boron clusters in different charge states have been reported in theory. Based on extensive global minimum searches and first-principles theory calculations, we present herein two new axially chiral members C2 B31+ (I) and C2 B32 (VI) to the borospherene family. B31+ (I) features two equivalent heptagons on the top and one octagon at the bottom on the cage surface, while B32 (VI) possesses two equivalent heptagons on top and two equivalent heptagons at the bottom. Detailed bonding analyses show that both sea-shell-like B31+ (I) and B32 (VI) follow the universal σ + π double delocalization bonding pattern of the borospherene family, with ten delocalized π bonds over a σ skeleton, rendering spherical aromaticity to the systems. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations show that these novel borospherenes are kinetically stable below 1000 K. The IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectra of B31+ (I) and B32 (VI) are computationally simulated to facilitate their future experimental characterizations. Two new axially chiral sea-shell-like boron clusters C2 B31+ (a) and C2 B32 (b) are presented at first-principles theory level to the borospherene family.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pei
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Safety
| | - Miao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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