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Wang LY, Qu Y, Wang N, Shi JL, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Yang XL, Shi YQ, Liu SX, Zhu CS, Cao JJ. Long-term spatial distribution and implication of black and brown carbon in the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174093. [PMID: 38906307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) over the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP) can significantly influence regional and global climate change as well as glacial melting. However, obtaining plateau-scale in situ observations is challenging due to its high altitude. By integrating reanalysis data with on-site measurements, the spatial distribution of BC and BrC can be accurately estimated using the random forest algorithm (RF). In our study, the on-site observations of BC and BrC were successively conducted at four sites from 2018 to 2021. Ground-level BC and BrC concentrations were then obtained at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° for three periods (including Periods-1980, 2000, and 2020) using RF and multi-source data. The highest annual concentrations of BC (1363.9 ± 338.7 ng/m3) and BrC (372.1 ± 96.2 ng/m3) were observed during Period-2000. BC contributed a dominant proportion of carbonaceous aerosol, with concentrations 3-4 times higher than those of BrC across the three periods. The ratios of BrC to BC decreased from Period-1980 to Period-2020, indicating the increasing importance of BC over the TP. Spatial distributions of plateau-scale BC and BrC concentrations showed heightened levels in the southeastern TP, particularly during Period-2000. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol over the TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China
| | - Yao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China
| | - Ju-Lian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xue-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sui-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China
| | - Chong-Shu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710499, China.
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Liu W, Zhang B, Wei Z, Wang Y, Tong L, Guo J, Han X, Han C. Heterogeneity analysis of main driving factors affecting potential evapotranspiration changes across different climate regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168991. [PMID: 38043808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the influencing factors of potential evapotranspiration (PET) is of great significance for further understanding the causes of climate change and improving agricultural irrigation efficiency. In this study, modified Mann-Kendall analysis was used to elucidate the temporal variation characteristics of meteorological factors and PET based on a dataset from 710 meteorological stations in China. Furthermore, we revealed the main factors that influence the temporal and climate heterogeneity of PET by combining sensitivity analysis with the contribution analysis method. The results showed that 1) climate factors and PET exhibited trend changes on a yearly scale, with slope variation ranges of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), net radiation (RN), wind speed (U) and PET of 0.03-0.04 °C/a, 0.03-0.08 %/a, 0.001-0.007[MJ/(m2/day)]/a, -0.005 to -0.012(m/s)/a and -0.30-0.38 mm/a, respectively. 2) The sensitivity coefficient fluctuated greatly inter-annually, but the trend was more pronounced inter-annually. Most sensitive factor for PET was RN in hyperarid (HAR), arid (AR) and semiarid regions (SAR), while it changed to RH in semihumid (SHR) and humid regions (HR). PET was more sensitive to RN in dry and relatively wet hot seasons, while it changed to RH during wet and relatively dry cold seasons. 3) PET changes were determined by the relative changes and the sensitivity coefficient, and significant temporal heterogeneity was observed. In HAR, AR, SAR and SHR, the relative changes in T and U result in higher contributions. In HR, PET changes were primarily caused by its higher sensitivity to RH and RN. 4) In dry region and humid-cold seasons, the bigger relative changes of climate factors were the main drivers affecting PET changes, but in humid region and arid-hot seasons, the they were determined by the strong nonlinear relationship between PET and factors. This finding holds great significance for the scientific understanding of the evolution mechanism of PET under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Zheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ling Tong
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Congying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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Cheng X, Yu J, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhang H, Gao S, Kong S, Zheng H, Wang H. Influence of pollution control measures on the reduction of black carbon in an urban site of megacity, Tianjin, China based on ground-monitored and MERRA-2 reanalysis data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169466. [PMID: 38145677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of particulate matter (PM) has been reduced significantly with the implementation of air pollution control plans in Tianjin. However, as an important component of PM that can lead to global warming and adverse health effects, the influence of pollution control measures (PCM) on black carbon (BC) has been less studied. In this study, ten years of BC concentration satellite-based reanalysis data were collected from MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2), and their reliability was verified using ground-monitored BC data. Using the proposed Kolmogorov-Zurbenko and artificial neural network (KZ-ANN) model, the influences of meteorology and emission measures were separated. The results indicated that the overall meteorological conditions were not conducive to BC diffusion, especially in autumn and winter with low temperature, surface solar radiation, boundary layer height, and high atmospheric pressure, all of which increased the BC concentration. This study also found that although a significant reduction in BC emissions was observed in Tianjin (the total emissions of BC in 2020 dropped by 52 % compared with the level in 2013), the change in emission-influenced BC was relatively low (the concentration of emission-influenced BC in 2022 dropped by only 2.39 % compared to that in 2013). The reduction of emission-influenced BC concentration during the air pollution prevention control and action plan (APPC) was higher than the level during of the three-year action plan for winning the blue sky defense war (abbreviated as the Blue Sky Defense War). In addition, the lockdown measures during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) did not have beneficial effect on the reduction of emission-influenced BC concentration. This phenomenon can be explained by the long-range transport of BC from surrounding areas, which was also proven by the results of the backward trajectory analysis. Therefore, efforts on emissions reduction in Tianjin were diminished. It is necessary to cooperate with the governments in surrounding areas to implement joint BC control measures, especially in autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin Changhai Environmental Monitoring Service Corporation, Tianjin, China
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Li W, Wang Y, Yi Z, Guo B, Chen W, Che H, Zhang X. Evaluation of MERRA-2 and CAMS reanalysis for black carbon aerosol in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123182. [PMID: 38123119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) constitutes a pivotal component of atmospheric aerosols, significantly impacting regional and global radiation balance, climate, and human health. In this study, we evaluated BC data in two prominent atmospheric composition reanalysis datasets: the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), and analyzed the causes of their deviations. This assessment is based on observational data collected from 34 monitoring stations across China from 2006 to 2022. Our research reveals a significant and consistent decline in BC concentrations within China, amounting to a reduction exceeding 67.33%. However, both MERRA-2 and CAMS reanalysis data fail to capture this declining trend. The average annual decrease of BC in MERRA-2 from 2006 to 2022 is only 0.06 μg/m3 per year, while the BC concentration in CAMS even increased with an average annual value of 0.014 μg/m3 per year. In 2022, MERRA-2 had overestimated BC concentration by 20% compared to observational data, while CAMS had overestimated it by approximately 66%. In the regional BC concentration analysis, the data quality of the reanalysis data is better in the South China (RM = 0.59, RC = 0.53), followed by the North China (RM = 0.50, RC = 0.42). Reanalysis BC data in Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau are difficult to use for practical analysis due to their big difference with observation. In a comparison of the anthropogenic BC emissions inventory used in the two atmospheric composition reanalysis datasets with the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory model for Climate and air pollution research (MEIC) emissions inventory, we found that: Despite the significant decline in China's BC emissions, MERRA-2 still relies on the 2006 emissions inventory, while CAMS utilizes emission inventories that even show an increasing trend. These factors will undoubtedly lead to greater deviations between reanalysis and observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ziwei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wencong Chen
- Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Ma Z, Duan X, Wang L, Wang Y, Kang J, Yun R. Dynamic evolutionary characteristics and influence mechanisms of carbon emission intensity in counties of the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119974-119987. [PMID: 37934404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the intrinsic mechanism of county carbon emission intensity (CEI) is essential for guiding the realization of a low-carbon economy as well as for the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. However, at present, scholars mostly focus on provincial and city scales, with the identification of influencing factors and spatial effect mechanisms of CEI rarely included in the analysis framework. Herein, with the help of three spatial weight matrices, the spatial autocorrelation, the "F + S" influence factor identification method, and the spatial panel econometric model were used to analyze the evolutionary paths and influencing factors of CEI for 209 counties in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2007 to 2020. The results show that (1) the CEI of the YRD decreased from 1.998t/104 RMB to 0.858t/104 RMB. Furthermore, the spatial pattern was low in the southeast and high in the northwest, with high-value areas concentrated in municipal districts and resource-based counties. (2) Moran's I spatial autocorrelation index indicated significant spatial clustering of county CEI. (3) Financial science and technology expenditure, industrial structure, share of urban built-up land, and the urban-rural income gap affected the change in CEI and its spatial effect, whereas total imports and exports had a significant negative effect on local CEI. Therefore, to achieve China's "double carbon" goal, it is necessary to consider the five development concepts as the core, strengthen inter-county exchanges and collaboration, as well as promote collaborative management of the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuejun Duan
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yazhu Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiayu Kang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruxian Yun
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Liang L, Liu J. The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:975. [PMID: 38133376 PMCID: PMC10748019 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Black Carbon (BC), the second-largest contributor to global warming, has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. However, the accurate quantification of BC poses a significant challenge, impeding the comprehensive assessment of its impacts. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review three quantitative methods for measuring BC: Thermal Optical Analysis (TOA), the Optical Method, and Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII). The determination principles, available commercial instruments, sources of deviation, and correction approaches associated with these techniques are systematically discussed. By synthesizing and comparing the quantitative results reported in previous studies, this paper aims to elucidate the underlying relationships and fundamental disparities among Elemental Carbon (EC), Equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), and Refractory Black Carbon (rBC). Finally, based on the current advancements in BC quantification, recommendations are proposed to guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Linlin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Gao X, Huang L, Wang H. Spatiotemporal differentiation and convergence characteristics of green economic efficiency in China: from the perspective of pollution and carbon emission reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109525-109545. [PMID: 37924169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of pollution and carbon emission reduction policies, as well as analysis of green economic efficiency (GEE), are of great significance to accelerating green economic development in China and contributing to pollution prevention and carbon peaking. Using data from 2006 to 2022, this study incorporates pollution and carbon emission reduction policies into the evaluation system, and uses a model with slacks-based measures and a directional distance function (SBM-DDF) to calculate the GEE of 30 provinces. The Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal convergence analysis are used to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation and convergence characteristics of GEE. The findings show that the strengths of the pollution and carbon emission reduction policies are increasing but vary greatly among the provinces. China's overall GEE has a time trend with the characteristics of "decline-fluctuation-stable." The Dagum Gini coefficient reveals the relative differences between the major regions. Both the intra-regional and inter-regional differences tend to widen over time and the latter explains most of the sources of the overall differences. Kernel density estimation shows that the absolute differences between the provinces are generally widening, whereas the absolute differences between the provinces in the central and western regions are smaller than those in the eastern region. No obvious σ convergence characteristics exist in the country overall and the three major regions, but β convergence characteristics are present in each region. The factors affecting changes in the GEE of each region are not the same. The study suggests that the China should further improve the implementation of pollution and carbon emission reduction policies, pay attention to the regional differences and convergence issues of GEE, and promote the coordinated development of green economy in different regions. This study innovatively quantifies the policies related to pollution and carbon emission reduction, providing empirical evidence for understanding the performance of pollution and carbon emission reduction policies in various regions. Furthermore, this study incorporates policies as inputs into the GEE evaluation system, reveals the spatiotemporal differentiation of GEE, thereby providing reference for green economic transformation and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Gao
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Trier College of Sustainable Technology, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
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Cheng Y, Yu Z, Xu C, Manoli G, Ren X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yin R, Zhao B, Vejre H. Climatic and Economic Background Determine the Disparities in Urbanites' Expressed Happiness during the Summer Heat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10951-10961. [PMID: 37458710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced extreme weather events increase heat-related mortality and health risks for urbanites, which may also affect urbanites' expressed happiness (EH) and well-being. However, the links among EH, climate, and socioeconomic factors remain unclear. Here we collected ∼6 million geotagged tweets from 44 Chinese prefecture-level cities based on Sina Weibo and performed a quadratic regression model to explore the relationships between summer heat and EH. A three-stage analysis was developed to examine spatiotemporal heterogeneity and identify factors contributing to disparities in urbanites' EH. Results show that all cities exhibited a similar hump-shaped relationship, with an overall optimal temperature (OT) of 22.8 °C. The estimated OT varied geographically, with 25.3, 23.8, and 20.0 °C from north to south. Moreover, a 1 standard deviation increase in heatwave intensity was associated with a 0.813 (95% CI: 0.177, 1.449) standard deviation decrease in EH. Notably, within the geographic scope of this study, it was observed that urbanites in northern China and economically underdeveloped cities faced significantly lower heat risks during the summer heat. This research provides insight for future studies and practical applications concerning extreme weather events, urbanites' mental health, and sustainable urban development goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2005, People's Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Manoli
- Laboratory of Urban and Environmental Systems, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Henrik Vejre
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1958, Denmark
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Xie B, Zhang H, Yu X, Wang Z. Fast and slow responses of surface air temperature in China to short-lived climate forcers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:162888. [PMID: 37004774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and methane in this work, are attracting increasing attention because of their extensive impacts on regional climate and air pollution. To clarify the impact of controlling SLCFs in high-emission areas on regional surface air temperature (SAT), we quantified the SAT response in China due to both global and China's SLCF changes by using an aerosol-climate model. The average SAT response in China to global SLCF changes from 1850 to 2014 was -2.53 °C ± 0.52 °C, which was much stronger than the global mean SAT response (-1.85 °C ± 0.15 °C). There are two cooling centers in China, located in the northwest inland areas (NW) and southeastern areas (SE), with area mean SAT responses of -3.39 °C ± 0.70 °C and -2.43 °C ± 0.62 °C, respectively. Because the SE area has experienced greater changes in SLCFs concentrations, compared with the NW area, China's SLCFs contribute more to the SAT response in the SE (approximately 42 %) than to the SAT response in the NW (<25 %). We divided the SAT response into fast and slow components to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In the fast response, the strength of the regional SAT response was closely connected to changes in the SLCFs concentration. The prominent increase in SLCFs in the SE area reduced the surface net radiation flux (NRF), thereby decreasing the SAT by 0.44 °C ± 0.47 °C. The smaller increase in SLCFs in the NW area, compared with the SE area, resulted in a less reduction in NRF and a minor fast SAT response (-0.01 °C ± 0.76 °C). In the slow response, the SLCFs-induced increases of mid- and low-cloud cover significantly reduced the NRF, resulting in strong slow SAT responses of -3.38 °C ± 0.70 °C and -1.98 °C ± 0.62 °C in the NW and SE areas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xie
- China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaochao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Wei W, Wang M, Yuan Q, Zhang Z, Li X, Han S, Duan Y, Fu Q, Lee SC. Comprehensive Assessment of Pollution Sources and Health Impacts in Suburban Area of Shanghai. TOXICS 2023; 11:552. [PMID: 37505518 PMCID: PMC10383545 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Shanghai, one of China's largest metropolises, faces significant environmental pollution challenges due to rapid economic development. Suburban areas of Shanghai are affected by both long-distance transport and local sources of pollutants. This study conducted an integrated analysis that links health-risk assessment of heavy metals and source apportionment of atmospheric constituents to distinguish the contributions of emission sources and the major sources of health risks. Source-apportionment analysis revealed that secondary sources had the greatest contribution to the local pollutants, indicating the significant influence of peripheral and long-distance transport. Health-risk assessment of Cr, Ni, As, and Cd revealed that local residents were exposed to respiratory health risks, in which Cr is the major contributor. This health risk was primarily associated with emissions from nearby industry-related sources. Our study highlights the significant effects of both long-distance transport and local source emissions on atmospheric composition and human health in large urban agglomerations. The findings can inform future efforts to develop more precise emission-reduction strategies and policy improvements to mitigate environmental pollution and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Zhu B, Liang Z, Wang H, Ge X. Machine learning assesses drivers of PM 2.5 air pollution trend in the Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163189. [PMID: 37003326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (known as the Earth's Third Pole) has significant impact on climate. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important air pollutant in this region and has significant impact on health and climate. To mitigate PM2.5 air pollution over China, a series of clean air actions has been implemented. However, interannual trends in particulate air pollution and its response to anthropogenic emissions in the Tibetan Plateau are poorly understood. Here, we applied a random forest (RF) algorithm to quantify drivers of PM2.5 trends in six cities of the Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2022. The decreasing trends (-5.31 to -0.73 μg m-3 a-1) in PM2.5 during 2015-2022 were observed in all cities. The RF weather-normalized PM2.5 trends - which were driven by anthropogenic emissions - were -4.19 to -0.56 μg m-3 a-1, resulting in dominant contributions (65 %-83 %) to the observed PM2.5 trends. Relative to 2015, such anthropogenic emission driver was estimated to contribute -27.12 to -3.16 μg m-3 to declines in PM2.5 concentrations in 2022. However, the interannual changes in meteorological conditions only made a small contribution to the trends in PM2.5 concentrations. Potential source analysis suggested biomass burning from local residential sector and/or long-range transports originated from South Asia could significantly promote PM2.5 air pollution in this region. Based on health-risk air quality index (HAQI) assessment, the HAQI value was decreased by 15 %-76 % between 2015 and 2022 in these cities, with significant contributions (47 %-93 %) from anthropogenic emission abatements. Indeed, relative contribution of PM2.5 to the HAQI was decreased from 16 %-30 % to 11 %-18 %, while increasing and significant contribution from ozone was observed, highlighting that further effective mitigation of both PM2.5 and ozone air pollution could obtain more substantial health benefits in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binqian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yao Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Baizhen Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zeye Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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12
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Kang T, Wang H, He Z, Liu Z, Ren Y, Zhao P. The effects of urban land use on energy-related CO 2 emissions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161873. [PMID: 36731544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Land use change caused by urbanization is widely believed to be the primary way human activities affect energy use and, thus, CO2 emissions (CEs) in China. However, there is a limited understanding of the role of land use with detailed categories in energy-related CEs is still absent. This paper aims to narrow the knowledge gap using multi-dimension metrics, including land use scale, mixture, and intensity. These metrics were derived from three years of sequential POI data. A GWR analysis was carried out to examine the associations between land use change and energy-related CEs. Our results show that (1) the scale of most land use types exerted a bidirectional effect on CEs, demonstrating apparent spatiotemporal heterogeneity; (2) land use mixture of mature city agglomerations had a significant suppressive effect on CEs, suggesting mixed land use be advocated in the urbanization process; (3) Land use intensity had a bi-directional association with CEs in most cities, but its adverse effect gradually spread from the west to the northeast. Therefore, systematically regulating land transaction to control land scale, appropriately interplanting biofuel plants, and utilizing renewable energy are encouraged to reduce energy footprints and mitigate CEs in China. The findings and conclusions of this paper enhance our knowledge on the relationship between land use and CEs and present the scientific basis for policy-making in building low-carbon cities in the context of rapidly urbanizing China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Kang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, China; School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Zhangyuan He
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China
| | - Zhengying Liu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, China; School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China.
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13
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Li X, Wang L, Li F, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li J. Development zone policy and urban carbon emissions: empirical evidence from the construction of national high-tech industrial development zones in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52241-52265. [PMID: 36826771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a key strategy to promote system reform, improve the investment environment, and encourage industrial agglomeration, the national high-tech industrial development zone (NHTDZ) policy in China can not only reduce energy consumption through the scale effect but also improve energy efficiency by modernizing industrial structure and fostering technological innovation, thereby alleviating environmental pollution. Existing studies, however, focus solely on the effects of NHTDZ policy on social and economic development, ignoring their impact on the ecological environment, especially carbon (CO2) emissions that contribute to global warming. Thus, this article analyzes a panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2019 to assess the influence of NHTDZ policy on CO2 emissions, treating the NHTDZ construction since 1988 as a quasi-natural experiment. The results indicate that the NHTDZ policy would mitigate urban carbon emissions, particularly in middle, southeastern, medium-sized, resource-based (RB), non-key environmental protection (non-KEP), and non-two control zone (non-TCZ) cities. In addition, the mediation mechanism test demonstrates that the environmental benefits of the NHTDZ policy in China are attributable to the scale effect, the structural upgrading effect, and the technology innovation effect. The NHTDZ policy would lower per capita CO2 emissions by reducing energy consumption, upgrading industrial structure, and promoting green technology innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengbo Li
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jones MW, Peters GP, Gasser T, Andrew RM, Schwingshackl C, Gütschow J, Houghton RA, Friedlingstein P, Pongratz J, Le Quéré C. National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850. Sci Data 2023; 10:155. [PMID: 36991071 PMCID: PMC10060593 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and are therefore targeted in international climate policy. There is substantial interest in tracking and apportioning national contributions to climate change and informing equitable commitments to decarbonisation. Here, we introduce a new dataset of national contributions to global warming caused by historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide during the years 1851–2021, which are consistent with the latest findings of the IPCC. We calculate the global mean surface temperature response to historical emissions of the three gases, including recent refinements which account for the short atmospheric lifetime of CH4. We report national contributions to global warming resulting from emissions of each gas, including a disaggregation to fossil and land use sectors. This dataset will be updated annually as national emissions datasets are updated.
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15
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Wu S, Qu Y, Huang H, Xia Y. Carbon emission trading policy and corporate green innovation: internal incentives or external influences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31501-31523. [PMID: 36447102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbon emission trading policy (CETP) is a market-based environmental instrument to reduce carbon emissions and address climate change. It can further have an impact on companies' green innovation (GI). In this regard, we innovatively propose the internal and external theoretical mechanisms of the impact of CETP on the GI of companies and use the financial data and patent data of Chinese listed companies from a micro perspective to empirically verify them. The findings demonstrate that the CETP has an inducing effect on the GI of companies, which is particularly evident in nonstate-owned companies, large companies, and the cleaning industry. The impact of CETP on companies GI is mainly achieved through internal incentive mechanisms, while the role of external influence mechanisms is not obvious. In terms of internal incentives, cost compliance effects and innovation compensation effects are the main channels for promoting GI. In terms of external effects, the carbon market's efficacy has not contributed to boosting GI for companies; the coordination effect of carbon policy and government intervention on companies' GI is also limited. Our research provides a theoretical basis for effectively encouraging the GI of companies to achieve carbon neutral and carbon peak goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- School of International and Economics, Business and Economics, University of International, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Qu
- School of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Haigang Huang
- Academy of Global Innovation and Governance, Business and Economics, University of International, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youfu Xia
- Academy of Global Innovation and Governance, Business and Economics, University of International, Beijing, 100029, China
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16
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Jiang K, Men Y, Xing R, Fu B, Shen G, Li B, Tao S. Divergent Energy-Climate Nexus in the Global Fuel Combustion Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2506-2515. [PMID: 36734358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fuel combustion provides basic energy for the society but also produces CO2 and incomplete combustion products that threaten human survival, climate change, and global sustainability. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly have distinct impacts on climate, which remains to be quantitatively assessed. This study uses updated emission inventories and an earth system model to evaluate absolute and relative contributions in combustion emission-associated climate forcing by fuels, sectors, and regions. We showed that, from 1970 to 2014, coal burned in the energy sector and oil used in the transportation sector contributed comparable energies consumed (24 and 20% of the total) but had distinct climate forcing (1 and 40%, respectively). Globally, coal burned for energy production had negative impacts on climate forcing but positive effects in the residential sector. In many developing countries, coal combustion in the energy sector had negative radiative forcing (RF) per unit energy consumed due to insufficient controls on sulfur and scattering aerosol levels, but oils in the transportation sector had high positive RF values. These results had important implications on the energy transition and emission reduction actions in response to climate change. Distinct climate efficiencies of energies and the spatial heterogeneity implied differentiated energy utilization strategies and pollution control policies by region and sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou45001, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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17
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Liu S, Liu K, Wang K, Chen X, Wu K. Fossil-Fuel and Food Systems Equally Dominate Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2495-2505. [PMID: 36719139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding fossil-fuel/food production and consumption patterns is the first step toward reducing the climate impacts of associated methane (CH4) emissions but remains unclear in China. Here, based on the bottom-up method, whole-industrial-chain CH4 emission in China (CH4-CHINA) is developed to track CH4 emissions from production to use and finally to disposal. The estimated Chinese national CH4 emissions in 2020 are 39288.3 Gg (25,230.8-53,345.7 Gg), with 50.4 and 49.6% emissions generated from fossil-fuel and food systems, respectively. ∼130,000 point sources are included to achieve a highly resolved inventory of CH4 emissions, which account for ∼53.5% of the total anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 2020. Our estimate is 36% lower than the Chinese inventory reported to the UNFCCC and 40% lower than EDGAR v6.0, mainly driven by lower emissions from rice cultivation, waste management, and coal supply chain in this study. Based on the emission flow, we observe that previous studies ignored the emissions from natural gas vehicles and residential appliances, coke production, municipal solid waste predisposal, septic tanks, biogas digesters, and food sewage treatment, which totally contribute ∼12.4% of the national anthropogenic CH4 emissions. The results discussed in this study provide critical insights to design and formulate effective CH4 emission mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Kaiyun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing100054, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Xingcai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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18
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Kumar P, Aishwarya, Srivastava PK, Pandey MK, Anand A, Biswas JK, Drews M, Dobriyal M, Singh RK, De la Sen M, Singh SS, Pandey AK, Kumar M, Rani M. Nitrogen dioxide as proxy indicator of air pollution from fossil fuel burning in New Delhi during lockdown phases of COVID-19 pandemic period: impact on weather as revealed by Sentinel-5 precursor (5p) spectrometer sensor. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36785714 PMCID: PMC9907871 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-02977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been a long-lasting impact of the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 on several fronts. One such front is climate which has seen several implications. The consequences of climate change owing to this lockdown need to be explored taking into consideration various climatic indicators. Further impact on a local and global level would help the policymakers in drafting effective rules for handling challenges of climate change. For in-depth understanding, a temporal study is being conducted in a phased manner in the New Delhi region taking NO2 concentration and utilizing statistical methods to elaborate the quality of air during the lockdown and compared with a pre-lockdown period. In situ mean values of the NO2 concentration were taken for four different dates, viz. 4th February, 4th March, 4th April, and 25th April 2020. These concentrations were then compared with the Sentinel (5p) data across 36 locations in New Delhi which are found to be promising. The results indicated that the air quality has been improved maximum in Eastern Delhi and the NO2 concentrations were reduced by one-fourth than the pre-lockdown period, and thus, reduced activities due to lockdown have had a significant impact. The result also indicates the preciseness of Sentinel (5p) for NO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Aishwarya
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Prashant Kumar Srivastava
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Manish Kumar Pandey
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
- Centre for Quantitative Economics and Data Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand Ranchi, India
| | - Akash Anand
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani West Bengal, Kalyani, India
| | - Martin Drews
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manmohan Dobriyal
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Ram Kumar Singh
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070 India
| | - Manuel De la Sen
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, Institute of Research and Development of Processes IIDP, University of the Basque Country, Campus of Leioa, PO Box 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sati Shankar Singh
- Extension Education, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Ajai Kumar Pandey
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- GIS Centre, Forest Research Institute (FRI), PO: New Forest, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Meenu Rani
- Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand India
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19
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Xie S, Li Z, Li H, Fang Y. Integration of carbon capture with heterogeneous catalysis toward methanol production: chemistry, challenges, and opportunities. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2023.2166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hengde Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Li X, Wang L. Does Administrative Division Adjustment promote low-carbon city development? Empirical evidence from the "Revoke County to Urban District" in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11542-11561. [PMID: 36094705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The carbon emission reduction in city regions as a result of the optimization of urban spatial layout is crucial for combating global warming and has garnered widespread attention in recent years. There is little evidence, however, that a specific spatial optimization technique has a substantial effect on urban spatial layout and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As an effective tool of hierarchical network governance in China, Administrative Division Adjustment (ADA) has the potential to achieve this goal, due to its redistributive effects on urban space resources. Therefore, we utilize the "Revoke County to Urban District" (CTD)-one of the common and typical ADA policies-as a case study to examine its environmental implications, based on the mediation mechanism of urban spatial layout. The empirical results from a panel dataset of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China indicate that the CTD will reduce urban CO2 emissions, especially in low administrative levels (low-rank), non-resource based (RB), non-key environmental protection (KEP), midwestern and northwestern cities. And the additional mediation mechanisms demonstrate that the environmental benefits of the CTD in China are attributed to the optimization of urban spatial layout, which reduces CO2 emissions by improving public transportation and limiting urban sprawl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Regional and Urban-Rural Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Regional and Urban-Rural Development, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li K, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Trace gas emissions from laboratory combustion of leaves typically consumed in forest fires in Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157282. [PMID: 35835195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest fires are becoming increasingly severe and frequent due to global climate change. Trace gases emitted from forest fires significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and climate change on a regional and global scale. Forest fires occur frequently in Southwest China, but systematic studies on trace gas emissions from forest fires in Southwest China are rare. Leaves of seven typical vegetation fuels based on their prominence in forest fires consumption in Southwest China were burned in a self-designed combustion device and the emission factors of eighteen trace gases (greenhouse gases, non-methane organic gases, nitrogenous gases, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide) at specific combustion stages (flaming and smoldering) were determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The emission factors data presented were compared with previous studies and can aid in the construction of an emission inventory. Pine needle combustion released a greater amount of methane in the smoldering stage than other broadleaf combustion. Peak values of emission factors for methane and non-methane organic gas are emitted by the smoldering of vegetation (Pinus kesiya and Pinus yunnanensis), which is endemic to forest fires in Southwest China. The emission factor for oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in the smoldering stage is greater than the flaming stage. This work established the relationship between modified combustion efficiency (MCE) with emission factors of hydrocarbons (except acetylene) and OVOCs. The results show that exponential fitting is more suitable than linear fitting for the seven leaf fuels (four broadleaf and three coniferous). However, the emission factors from the combustion of three coniferous fuels relative to all fuels are linear with MCE. Findings demonstrated that different combustion stages and fuel types have significant impacts on the emission factors, which also highlighted the importance of studying regional emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yinuo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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22
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Lu Y, Huang Y, Zhuang Q, Sun W, Chen S, Lu J. China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance during the 20th century: an analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 17:16. [PMID: 36209183 PMCID: PMC9548143 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-022-00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China's terrestrial ecosystems play a pronounced role in the global carbon cycle. Here we combine spatially-explicit information on vegetation, soil, topography, climate and land use change with a process-based biogeochemistry model to quantify the responses of terrestrial carbon cycle in China during the 20th century. RESULTS At a century scale, China's terrestrial ecosystems have acted as a carbon sink averaging at 96 Tg C yr- 1, with large inter-annual and decadal variabilities. The regional sink has been enhanced due to the rising temperature and CO2 concentration, with a slight increase trend in carbon sink strength along with the enhanced net primary production in the century. The areas characterized by C source are simulated to extend in the west and north of the Hu Huanyong line, while the eastern and southern regions increase their area and intensity of C sink, particularly in the late 20th century. Forest ecosystems dominate the C sink in China and are responsible for about 64% of the total sink. On the century scale, the increase in carbon sinks in China's terrestrial ecosystems is mainly contributed by rising CO2. Afforestation and reforestation promote an increase in terrestrial carbon uptake in China from 1950s. Although climate change has generally contributed to the increase of carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems in China, the positive effect of climate change has been diminishing in the last decades of the 20th century. CONCLUSION This study focuses on the impacts of climate, CO2 and land use change on the carbon cycle, and presents the potential trends of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance in China at a century scale. While a slight increase in carbon sink strength benefits from the enhanced vegetation carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems during the 20th century, the increase trend may diminish or even change to a decrease trend under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei, China.
- Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Huaihe River Basin Typical Farm Eco- meteorological Experiment Field of CMA, Shouxian, China.
- College of Engineering & Natural Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shutao Chen
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Engineering & Natural Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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23
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Ren H, Hu W, Yue S, Wu L, Ren L, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. Tracer-based characterization of fine carbonaceous aerosol in Beijing during a strict emission control period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156638. [PMID: 35709995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strict emission controls were implemented in Beijing and the surrounding regions in the North China Plain to guarantee good air quality during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. Thus, the APEC period provides a good opportunity to study the sources and formation processes of atmospheric organic aerosol. Here, fine particles (PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) collected in urban Beijing before and during the APEC period were analyzed for molecular tracers of primary and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) were also reconstructed using a tracer-based method. The concentrations of biogenic SOA tracers ranged from 1.09 to 34.5 ng m-3 (mean 10.3 ± 8.51 ng m-3). Monoterpene oxidation products were the largest contributor to biogenic SOA, followed by isoprene- and sesquiterpene-derived SOA. The concentrations of biogenic SOA tracers decreased by 50 % during the APEC, which was largely attributed to the implementation of emission controls by the Chinese government. The increasing mass fractions of biogenic SOA tracers from isoprene and sesquiterpene during the pollution episodes implied that their photooxidation processes contributed to the poor air quality in urban Beijing. The reconstructed biogenic and anthropogenic SOC and POC concentrations were 89.6 ± 96.8 ng m-3, 570 ± 611 ng m-3, and 2.49 ± 2.08 μg m-3, respectively, accounting for 21.9 ± 11.4 % of OC in total. Biomass-burning derived OC was the largest contributor to carbonaceous aerosol over the North China Plain. By comparing the results before and during the APEC, the emission controls effectively mitigated about 34 % of the estimated OC and were more effective at reducing SOC than POC. This suggests that the reduction of the primary organic aerosol loading is harder than SOA over the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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24
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Wang H, Shi W, He Y, Dong J. Spill-over effect and efficiency of seven pilot carbon emissions trading exchanges in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156020. [PMID: 35595134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the negative impact of climate change on the environment becoming more and more obvious, countries all over the world have strengthened their attention to environmental protection, the establishment of carbon emission trading mechanism is widely regarded as the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions. The design of carbon emission trading markets (ETMs) operation mechanisms and operational efficiency directly affect whether carbon ETM can cope with climate change and achieve its environmental protection purpose. In this study, we use multiple model synthesis to comprehensively evaluate the operation of carbon ETM, determine unreasonable modes of carbon ETM operation and propose suggestions for improvement. First, we propose a methodological framework to comprehensively evaluate the operational efficiency of carbon ETMs, and use the DCC-GARCH model to analyse information exchange and interaction between domestic and international carbon ETMs. Then, from the four dimensions of trading processes, law and inspection systems, the internal operation of carbon ETMs, and the impact of carbon ETM operation on the regional economy, 13 input-output indicators are selected to establish a super-DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of seven carbon ETMs. The results show that the spillover effect among various carbon ETMs is unstable, exchange between carbon ETMs is low. The operational efficiency of China's carbon ETMs is increasing each year, but there are significant differences in the operation efficiency levels of carbon ETMs. The system in Hubei has the highest super-DEA score, followed by that in Shenzhen, and those in Chongqing and Tianjin have lower scores. From the perspective of pilot projects with good operation, strong legal system constraints and reasonable operation mechanisms are important means to ensure operational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wanyang Shi
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China; College of Real Estate, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yingyan He
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China; College of Real Estate, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Junqi Dong
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China; College of Real Estate, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
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25
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Xu S, Wang R, Gasser T, Ciais P, Peñuelas J, Balkanski Y, Boucher O, Janssens IA, Sardans J, Clark JH, Cao J, Xing X, Chen J, Wang L, Tang X, Zhang R. Delayed use of bioenergy crops might threaten climate and food security. Nature 2022; 609:299-306. [PMID: 36071193 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potential of mitigation actions to limit global warming within 2 °C (ref. 1) might rely on the abundant supply of biomass for large-scale bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that is assumed to scale up markedly in the future2-5. However, the detrimental effects of climate change on crop yields may reduce the capacity of BECCS and threaten food security6-8, thus creating an unrecognized positive feedback loop on global warming. We quantified the strength of this feedback by implementing the responses of crop yields to increases in growing-season temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration and intensity of nitrogen (N) fertilization in a compact Earth system model9. Exceeding a threshold of climate change would cause transformative changes in social-ecological systems by jeopardizing climate stability and threatening food security. If global mitigation alongside large-scale BECCS is delayed to 2060 when global warming exceeds about 2.5 °C, then the yields of agricultural residues for BECCS would be too low to meet the Paris goal of 2 °C by 2200. This risk of failure is amplified by the sustained demand for food, leading to an expansion of cropland or intensification of N fertilization to compensate for climate-induced yield losses. Our findings thereby reinforce the urgency of early mitigation, preferably by 2040, to avoid irreversible climate change and serious food crises unless other negative-emission technologies become available in the near future to compensate for the reduced capacity of BECCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Shanghai, China. .,MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - James H Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Tang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhe Zhang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Shanghai, China.,MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Li S, Chen C, Yang GL, Fang J, Sun Y, Tang L, Wang H, Xiang W, Zhang H, Croteau PL, Jayne JT, Liao H, Ge X, Favez O, Zhang Y. Sources and processes of organic aerosol in non-refractory PM 1 and PM 2.5 during foggy and haze episodes in an urban environment of the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113557. [PMID: 35640706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) generally accounts for a large fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the urban atmosphere. Despite significant advances in the understanding their emission sources, transformation processes and optical properties in the submicron aerosol fraction (PM1), larger size fractions - e.g., PM2.5 - still deserve complementary investigations. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on sources, formation process and optical properties of OA in PM1 and PM2.5 under haze and foggy environments in the Yangtze River Delta (eastern China), using two aerosol chemical speciation monitors, as well as a photoacoustic extinctiometer at 870 nm. Positive matrix factorization analysis - using multilinear engine (ME2) algorithm - was conducted on PM1 and PM2.5 organic mass spectra. Four OA factors were identified, including three primary OA (POA) factors, i.e., hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA), and a secondary OA (SOA) factor, i.e., oxidized oxygenated OA (OOA). An enhanced PM1-2.5 COA concentration was clearly observed during cooking peak hours, suggesting important contribution of fresh cooking emissions on large-sized particles (i.e., PM1-2.5). The oxidation state and concentration of PM2.5 HOA were higher than that in PM1, suggesting that large-sized HOA particles might be linked to oxidized POA. High contribution (44%) of large-sized OOA to non-refractory PM2.5 mass was observed during haze episodes. During foggy episodes, PM1 and PM2.5 OOA concentrations increased as a positive relationship over time, along with an exponential increase in the PM2.5-OOA to PM1-OOA ratio. Meanwhile, OOA loadings increased with the aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) during foggy episodes. Random forest cross-validation analysis also supported the important influence of ALWC on OOA variations, supporting substantial impact of aqueous process on SOA formation during haze and/or foggy episodes. Obtained results also indicated high OOA contributions (21%-36%) and low POA contributions (6%-14%) to the PM2.5 scattering coefficient during haze and foggy episodes, respectively. Finally, we could illustrate that atmospheric vertical diffusion and horizontal transport have important but different effects on the concentrations of different primary and secondary OA factors in different particle size fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Li Yang
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China; Huaian Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Huaian, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Nanjing Xindahanda Environmental Science and Technology Limited, Nanjing, China; Handix LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Yang Z, Gao W, Li J. Can Economic Growth and Environmental Protection Achieve a "Win-Win" Situation? Empirical Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169851. [PMID: 36011483 PMCID: PMC9408696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a "win-win" situation regarding economic growth and environmental protection has become a common goal for sustainable development in all countries around the world. As the world's largest developing country and the second largest economy, China has been striving to maintain economic growth while improving environmental quality to achieve its sustainable development goals. Applying the decoupling approach, a model widely used to quantify the relationship between the environment and the economy, this study analyzed the relationship between the economy and the environment, examining the decoupling performance of economic growth and environmental impacts in 30 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities to investigate whether economic growth and environmental protection have achieved a "win-win" situation. Nighttime light (NTL) data were used to measure the performance of economic growth. In addition, an environmental pressure index (EPI) assessment framework covering 6 primary and 11 secondary indicators was constructed to measure the environmental quality of China over time. First, NTL data proved to be a valid data source for assessing decoupling performance; second, environmental pressure at both the national and provincial levels significantly decreased during the study period; third, the relationship between the economy and the environment has been further improved, and economic growth and environmental protection have achieved a "win-win" situation. These findings offer an in-depth analysis of the decoupling of the economy and the environment in China and serve as a guide for future implementation strategies for sustainable development in various regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Innovation Center for CIM + Urban Regeneration, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Weijun Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology (iSMART), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
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28
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Monitoring of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and SF<sub>6</sub> using three-channel gas chromatography. Se Pu 2022; 40:763-771. [PMID: 35903844 PMCID: PMC9404115 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
我国正处于“碳达峰、碳中和”的关键时期,准确认识我国温室气体浓度时空格局以及变化对于评估“碳达峰”和“碳中和”行动成效非常重要。当前我国近地面温室气体高精度监测主要依赖进口的光学监测主机,单台仪器成本高且监测要素有限。为此,该研究基于传统的气相色谱法,自主设计了一套三通道气相色谱分析系统,在单台仪器上实现了5种主要长寿命温室气体(CH4、CO、CO2、N2O和SF6)的高精度监测。对该系统的精密度、线性响应情况和准确度进行的针对性测试实验表明系统检测性能满足世界气象组织/全球大气观测(WMO/GAW)质控标准。针对环境浓度的CH4、CO、CO2、N2O和SF6的连续分析精密度分别达0.08%、1.90%、0.05%、0.08%、0.66%。准确度测试中,5种气体(CH4、CO、CO2、N2O和SF6)使用回归方程计算所得值与标称摩尔分数间的偏差分别达0.15×10-9、0.20×10-9、0.37×10-6、0.35×10-9、0.02×10-12(摩尔分数),CH4、CO、CO2、N2O和SF6仪器响应值与标称摩尔分数的线性拟合相关系数(R2)均为0.9999,线性拟合残差和准确度基本达到WMO/GAW拓展质控目标。该系统对杭州城区大气温室气体在线连续监测结果显示,2021年5~7月期间大气CH4、CO、CO2和N2O呈明显的日变化特征,主要受人为活动影响。综合测试和试运行结果表明,该研发系统具备良好的精密度、准确度、线性和稳定性,与目前国内广泛进口的仪器相比,具有技术自主可控、运行成本更低、自动化水平更高等优势,能满足多种温室气体在线监测研究的需求。
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Jiang K, Fu B, Luo Z, Xiong R, Men Y, Shen H, Li B, Shen G, Tao S. Attributed radiative forcing of air pollutants from biomass and fossil burning emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119378. [PMID: 35500713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy is vital to human society but significantly contributes to the deterioration of environmental quality and the global issue of climate change. Biomass and fossil fuels are important energy sources but have distinct pollutant emission characteristics during the burning process. This study aimed at attributing radiative forcing of climate forcers, including greenhouse gases but also short-lived climate pollutants, from the burning of fossil and biomass fuels, and the spatiotemporal characteristics. We found that air pollutant emissions from the burning process of biofuel and fossil fuels induced RFs of 68.2 ± 36.8 mW m-2 and 840 ± 225 mW m-2, respectively. The relatively contribution of biomass burning emissions was 7.6% of that from both fossil and biofuel combustion processes, while its contribution in energy supply was 11%. These relative contributions varied obviously across different regions. The per unit energy consumption of biomass fuel in the developed regions, such as North America (0.57 ± 0.33 mW m-2/107TJ) and Western Europe (0.98 ± 0.79 mW m-2/107TJ), had higher impacts of combustion emission related RFs compared to that of developing regions, like China (0.40 ± 0.26 mW m-2/107TJ), and South and South-East Asia (0.31 ± 0.71 mW m-2/107TJ) where low efficiency biomass burning in residential sector produced significant amounts of organic matter that had a cooling effect. Note that the study only evaluated fuel combustion emission related RFs, and those associated with the production of fuels and land use change should be studied later in promoting a comprehensive understanding on the climate impacts of biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Zhang F, Xing J, Ding D, Wang J, Zheng H, Zhao B, Qi L, Wang S. Role of black carbon in modulating aerosol direct effects driven by air pollution controls during 2013-2017 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154928. [PMID: 35367259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol direct effects (ADEs) can modulate shortwave radiation as well as atmospheric dynamics and air quality. As the key absorbing component of aerosol, the black carbon (BC) largely determines the aerosol optical properties. Therefore, it is expected that BC emission controls might gain co-benefits from the simultaneous reduction of ADEs. To demonstrate such synergy, here we quantified the ADEs changes and the role of BC controls in China during 2013-2017 using a regional two-way coupled meteorology chemistry transport model. Simulated results suggest that the control action effectively reduced the wintertime PM2.5 concentration (-26.0 μg m-3) and associated ADEs. In January, the influence of ADEs on surface shortwave radiation, 2-meter temperature, and planetary boundary layer height was weakened from -16.7 W m-2, -0.20 °C, and -15.4 m in 2013 to -11.3 W m-2, -0.06 °C, and -10.7 m in 2017, respectively. The enhancement of SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 concentrations due to ADEs was reduced from +3.1%, +5.2%, and +5.4% in 2013 to +2.6%, +4.5%, and +3.3% in 2017, respectively, demonstrating the extra benefit of air pollution controls for improving air quality by reducing ADEs. Meanwhile, the BC emission reduced by 12.5% simultaneously along with the effective controls on SO2 and NO2 emissions during 2013-2017, mainly from domestic combustion (-11.7%), resulting in 30.3% (-0.9 μg m-3) reduction of BC concentration. Such BC controls contributed 15.6-60.2% of such changes in the ADEs influence on meteorological variables, and 32.6-41.1% on air pollutants. More specially, the effectiveness of collaborative reduction of BC further reduced surface shortwave radiation in China by 3.6 W m-2 in January and 1.0 W m-2 in July, leading to a more weakened ADEs that bring extra benefits in reducing PM2.5 concentrations by 1.8 μg m-3 in January and 0.3 μg m-3 in July. Apparently, BC played an important role in modulating the ADEs and associated influences on meteorology and air quality, suggesting a wise control strategy by targeting absorbing component of PM2.5 reduction to address both air pollution and climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiandong Wang
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Qi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Climatic–Environmental Effects of Aerosols and Their Sensitivity to Aerosol Mixing States in East Asia in Winter. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14153539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To establish the direct climatic and environmental effect of anthropogenic aerosols in East Asia in winter under external, internal, and partial internal mixing (EM, IM and PIM) states, a well-developed regional climate–chemical model RegCCMS is used by carrying out sensitive numerical simulations. Different aerosol mixing states yield different aerosol optical and radiative properties. The regional averaged EM aerosol single scattering albedo is approximately 1.4 times that of IM. The average aerosol effective radiative forcing in the atmosphere ranges from −0.35 to +1.40 W/m2 with increasing internal mixed aerosols. Due to the absorption of black carbon aerosol, lower air temperatures are increased, which likely weakens the EAWM circulations and makes the atmospheric boundary more stable. Consequently, substantial accumulations of aerosols further appear in most regions of China. This type of interaction will be intensified when more aerosols are internally mixed. Overall, the aerosol mixing states may be important for regional air pollution and climate change assessments. The different aerosol mixing states in East Asia in winter will result in a variation from 0.04 to 0.11 K for the averaged lower air temperature anomaly and from approximately 0.45 to 2.98 μg/m3 for the aerosol loading anomaly, respectively, due to the different mixing aerosols.
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Liu L, Wang Z, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang Z. An evolutionary analysis of low-carbon technology investment strategies based on the manufacturer-supplier matching game under government regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44597-44617. [PMID: 35133592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing a low-carbon economy is the only way for countries to achieve sustainable development. Carbon emission reduction policies and low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation play key roles in developing low-carbon economy. Under government reward and punishment regulations, based on the bilateral matching and evolutionary theories, this paper constructs an evolution model consisting of a manufacturer investing LCT and a supplier offering LCT to analyze multi-phase LCT investment strategies. Firstly, the profit optimization model of a green supply chain is constructed from the perspectives of centralized-matching (CM), decentralized-matching (DM), and mismatching (MM), and the spatial information internal evolution law of multi-phase LCT investment is described by the Markov chain. Then, a bilateral matching algorithm is proposed to solve the equilibrium solutions, and the evolution process of the three modes is analyzed by numerical simulation. Finally, based on the product green degree, we analyze the impact of subsidies and taxes on investment-production decisions. Analytical results show that the matching mechanism proposed in this paper can help supply chain firms to obtain stable matching and has a significant effect on the realization of "triple wins" of society, economy, and environment. The investment utility of CM is higher than that of DM and MM. Manufacturers are inclined to adopt LCT, and the investment level tends to be stable over time. Government reward and punishment regulations are helpful to motivate supply chain firms to invest in LCT, and the synergistic effect of subsidies and taxes is better than that of a single policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 211815, China.
| | - Xintao Li
- Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingyan Liu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zaisheng Zhang
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Li J, Li J, Wang G, Ho KF, Han J, Dai W, Wu C, Cao C, Liu L. In-vitro oxidative potential and inflammatory response of ambient PM 2.5 in a rural region of Northwest China: Association with chemical compositions and source contribution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112466. [PMID: 34863982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by atmospheric particles and subsequent inflammatory responses are considered as one of the most important pathological mechanisms with regard to the adverse effects of air pollution exposure. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected at a rural site in Guanzhong Basin, Northwest China, in both summer (August 3-23, 2016) and winter (January 5-February 1, 2017). Then, human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to the PM2.5, cultured for 24 h, and then assayed for particle-induced ROS and three inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)) in vitro. The oxidative potential (OP) induced by winter PM2.5 samples was higher than that induced by summertime samples, whereas inflammatory values showed contrasting seasonal variations. Both OP and inflammatory factors were significantly correlated with most chemical compounds in winter, but not in summer, which was thought to be related mainly to the higher contribution from secondary aerosols formed during the warm season. Source apportionment results showed secondary aerosols formation have significant contribution to OP of PM2.5 in both seasons, but the dominant oxidation processes is different. Secondary nitrates-related process was the major contributors regulating the OP in winter; however, secondary sulfates formation were mainly responsible for the ROS responses in summer. For primary emission, biomass burning, rather than coal emission or vehicle exhaust, was the significant source for OP of PM2.5 in winter. In most cases, the source contribution of each inflammatory factor was similar to that of the ROS. Our results highlighted the significant health risk of atmospheric aerosols from biomass burning in the rural regions of Guanzhong Basin, Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cong Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Dong H, Liu W, Liu Y, Xiong Z. Fixed asset changes with carbon regulation: The cases of China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 306:114494. [PMID: 35066322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon regulation might threaten corporate competitiveness and thus guide their production and investment behaviours. Using the difference-in-differences (DID) model, we analyze the impact of China's carbon emission trading (CET) pilots on the fixed asset and its investment. The main findings are as follows: (1) CET reduces the fixed assets value and investment of regulated companies. (2) The decline in the fixed asset and its investment represents more significantly in the economically developed areas, pilots with grandfathering allocation, energy and manufacturing industries, and state-owned enterprises. (3) Potential influence channel estimation indicates that the fixed-asset investment decreases through investment diversion, rather than operation transfer. (4) CET reduces the over-investment in the fixed assets of regulated companies and improves their fixed-asset investment efficiency. This study supplements the literature on carbon regulation and corporate behaviours, potentially contributing to the next stage of climate governance and global decarbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Dong
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China; Climate Change and Energy Economics Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Climate Change and Energy Economics Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yishuang Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhonghui Xiong
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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A Critical Review on Decarbonizing Heating in China: Pathway Exploration for Technology with Multi-Sector Applications. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coal-fired heating is the main method of heating in China, causing serious air pollution and large amounts of CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing heating is important to reduce carbon emissions, and choosing a suitable heating technical scheme is conducive to the early realization of carbon neutrality in China. Coal to gas and coal to electricity transformation projects were carried out in 2017 and achieved remarkable effects. This study compares the current domestic and international clean heating modes, where gas heating, electric heating, heat hump heating, biomass heating, and solar heating coupling system are taken into account. The heating technology potential and heating support aspects, including the industrial sector, building sector, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and publicity are explored as well. Regarding the actual situation in China, a comparative analysis is also conducted on the different types of heat pumps, and then an optimal heating scheme for urban and rural areas is proposed. It is suggested that the urban area with centralized heating can install ground source heat pumps, and the rural area with distributed heating can apply a coupling system of solar photovoltaics to ground source heat pumps (PV-GSHP). Based on current policies and standards support, this study calculates the carbon emissions of this scheme in 2030 and provides a detailed analysis of relevant parameters. The feasibility and superiority of the scheme are confirmed by comparison and discussion with other studies. Moreover, specific measures in planning, subsidy, construction, and electricity are proposed to implement the heating scheme. This study provides a reference for the mode selection and technical scheme of heating decarbonation in China, and that could be also considered in other regions or countries.
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Mao X, Wang Y. Cooperative carbon emission reduction through the Belt and Road Initiative. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10005-10026. [PMID: 34510350 PMCID: PMC8435173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon emission reduction under the Belt and Road Initiative has great significance on China's goal of carbon peak. To better promote carbon emission reduction, based on the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, this paper analyzes the collaborative carbon emission reduction through investment between Chinese enterprises and local enterprises in developing countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. Considering the efforts of enterprises in carbon reduction, low-carbon infrastructure investment, and promotion of low-carbon products, this paper constructs a differential game model of collaborative carbon reduction cooperation between Chinese enterprises and local enterprises in developing countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. By horizontally comparing Nash non-cooperative mode, Stackelberg master-slave mode, and cooperative mode, the results shows that Chinese enterprises can encourage local enterprises in developing countries along the Belt and Road Initiative to coordinate carbon emission reduction through subsidies, which is Stackelberg master-slave mode. Under the cooperative mode, with the maximum carbon emission reduction efforts of both parties, the total benefit of carbon emission reduction reaches the optimal Pareto equilibrium. In addition, this paper also discusses the influence of related factors on the benefits of carbon emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Mao
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Li HX, Yang LQQ, Chi ZY, Zhang YL, Li XG, He YL, Reina TR, Xiao WD. CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst: Kinetic Modeling Based on Either Single- or Dual-Active Site Mechanism. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Deng C, Liu J, Liu Y, Li Z, Nie X, Hu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhu D, Xiao L. Spatiotemporal dislocation of urbanization and ecological construction increased the ecosystem service supply and demand imbalance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112478. [PMID: 33823451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dislocation of urbanization and ecological construction may lead to differences in the spatiotemporal pattern and matching of the ecosystem service supply and demand, which are significantly important in altering the ecosystem service supply and demand equilibrium. This study quantified and mapped the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services in the Xiangjiang River Basin (XRB) from 1990 to 2015 using the InVEST and population distribution models and identified the spatial distribution characteristics and changes in the supply and demand relationship on the sub-basin scale using the spatial autocorrelation method and Z-scores. The results show that the expansion of land urbanization greater than 50% was concentrated in the midstream and downstream, while the ecological construction was mainly distributed in the upstream. On the whole-basin scale, the supply of carbon sequestration services slightly decreased by 21.62%, while the demand sharply increased by 376.86%. The carbon sequestration services supply-demand ratio (CSDR) reduced from 0.16 (1990) to -0.03 (2015). This meant that the status of the supply and demand in the XRB had changed from oversupply to overdemand, and this tide turned in 2005 (-0.01). Furthermore, the spatial distribution pattern of the sub-basins' CSDR in the upstream was the High-High cluster, while it was the Low-Low cluster in the downstream. These results revealed the high spatial distribution consistency between the CSDR and urbanization and ecological construction. The slight increase in the carbon sinks caused by the ecological construction in the upstream could not offset the rapidly increased carbon emissions from the downstream for urbanization. Meanwhile, the lack of ecological concern during the urbanization process had led to a persistent reduction in the carbon sinks in the downstream, which also exacerbated the disequilibrium of the ecosystem service supply and demand in the XRB. Consequently, this study suggests that the scale and speed of the urbanization of land should be reasonably controlled and that the ecological construction in rapid urbanization regions should be strengthened to meet the demand for ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiong Deng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Junyu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Yaojun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China.
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Nie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Damei Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
| | - Linhui Xiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Yuan S. MWCNT Decorated Rich N-Doped Porous Carbon with Tunable Porosity for CO 2 Capture. Molecules 2021; 26:3451. [PMID: 34200132 PMCID: PMC8201232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing of porous carbon system for CO2 uptake has attracted a plenty of interest due to the ever-increasing concerns about climate change and global warming. Herein, a novel N rich porous carbon is prepared by in-situ chemical oxidation polyaniline (PANI) on a surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and then activated with KOH. The porosity of such carbon materials can be tuned by rational introduction of MWCNTs, adjusting the amount of KOH, and controlling the pyrolysis temperature. The obtained M/P-0.1-600-2 adsorbent possesses a high surface area of 1017 m2 g-1 and a high N content of 3.11 at%. Such M/P-0.1-600-2 adsorbent delivers an enhanced CO2 capture capability of 2.63 mmol g-1 at 298.15 K and five bars, which is 14 times higher than that of pristine MWCNTs (0.18 mmol g-1). In addition, such M/P-0.1-600-2 adsorbent performs with a good stability, with almost no decay in a successive five adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaojun Yuan
- Low-Carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.)
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Xing X, Wang R, Bauer N, Ciais P, Cao J, Chen J, Tang X, Wang L, Yang X, Boucher O, Goll D, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA, Balkanski Y, Clark J, Ma J, Pan B, Zhang S, Ye X, Wang Y, Li Q, Luo G, Shen G, Li W, Yang Y, Xu S. Spatially explicit analysis identifies significant potential for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in China. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3159. [PMID: 34039971 PMCID: PMC8154910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As China ramped-up coal power capacities rapidly while CO2 emissions need to decline, these capacities would turn into stranded assets. To deal with this risk, a promising option is to retrofit these capacities to co-fire with biomass and eventually upgrade to CCS operation (BECCS), but the feasibility is debated with respect to negative impacts on broader sustainability issues. Here we present a data-rich spatially explicit approach to estimate the marginal cost curve for decarbonizing the power sector in China with BECCS. We identify a potential of 222 GW of power capacities in 2836 counties generated by co-firing 0.9 Gt of biomass from the same county, with half being agricultural residues. Our spatially explicit method helps to reduce uncertainty in the economic costs and emissions of BECCS, identify the best opportunities for bioenergy and show the limitations by logistical challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector with large-scale BECCS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Urban Eco-Planning and Design, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nico Bauer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C) The Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Goll
- Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, The University of York, York, UK
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingnan Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yechen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Simulation study on the indirect effect of sulfate on the summer climate over the eastern China monsoon region. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8295. [PMID: 33859321 PMCID: PMC8050310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed a sensitivity test using the half number concentration of sulfate in the nucleation calculation process to study the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) of sulfate on clouds, precipitation, and monsoon intensity in the summer over the eastern China monsoon region (ECMR) with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5. Numerical experiments show that the ACI of sulfate led to an approximately 30% and 34% increase in the cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number concentrations, respectively. Cloud droplet effective radius below 850 hPa decreased by approximately 4% in the southern ECMR, while the total liquid water path increased by 11%. The change in the indirect radiative forcing due to sulfate at the top of the atmosphere in the ECMR during summer was − 3.74 W·m−2. The decreased radiative forcing caused a surface cooling of 0.32 K and atmospheric cooling of approximately 0.3 K, as well as a 0.17 hPa increase in sea level pressure. These changes decreased the thermal difference between the land and sea and the gradient of the sea-land pressure, leading to a weakening in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and a decrease in the total precipitation rate in the southern ECMR. The cloud lifetime effect has a relatively weaker contribution to summer precipitation, which is dominated by convection. The results show that the ACI of sulfate was one possible reason for the weakening of the EASM in the late 1970s.
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42
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The contributions of individual countries and regions to the global radiative forcing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018211118. [PMID: 33876752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018211118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the historical relative contribution of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) to global radiative forcing (RF) at the regional level can help understand how future GHGs emission reductions and associated or independent reductions in SLCFs will affect the ultimate purpose of the Paris Agreement. In this study, we use a compact Earth system model to quantify the global RF and attribute global RF to individual countries and regions. As our evaluation, the United States, the first 15 European Union members, and China are the top three contributors, accounting for 21.9 ± 3.1%, 13.7 ± 1.6%, and 8.6 ± 7.0% of global RF in 2014, respectively. We also find a contrast between developed countries where GHGs dominate the RF and developing countries where SLCFs including aerosols and ozone are more dominant. In developing countries, negative RF caused by aerosols largely masks the positive RF from GHGs. As developing countries take measures to improve the air quality, their negative contributions from aerosols will likely be reduced in the future, which will in turn enhance global warming. This underlines the importance of reducing GHG emissions in parallel to avoid any detrimental consequences from air quality policies.
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43
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Planning to Practice: Impacts of Large-Scale and Rapid Urban Afforestation on Greenspace Patterns in the Beijing Plain Area. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Research Highlights: Afforestation is one of the most effective urban greening practices for mitigating a variety of environmental issues. Globally, municipal governments have launched large-scale afforestation programs in metropolitan areas during the last decades. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban greenspace patterns are seldom studied during such afforestation programs. (2) Background and Objectives: In this study, the Beijing Plain Afforestation Project (BPAP), which planted 70,711 ha of trees in only four years, was examined by integrating spatial and landscape analysis. To evaluate the real-world outcomes of this massive program, we investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of landscape patterns during the implementation process to identify potential impacts and challenges for future management of new afforestation. (3) Materials and Methods: We analyzed the transition of various patch types and sizes, applied landscape indicators to measure the temporal changes in urban greenspace patterns, and used the landscape expansion index to quantify the rate and extent of greenspace spatial expansion. (4) Results: Our results illustrated that the implementation of afforestation in the Beijing plain area had generally achieved its initial goal of increasing the proportion of land devoted to forest (increased 8.43%) and parks (increased 0.23%). Afforestation also accelerated the conversion of small-size greenspaces to large-size patches. However, the significant discrepancies found between planned and actual afforestation sites, as well as the large conversion of cropland to forest, may present major challenges for project optimization and future management. (5) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that spatial analysis is a useful and potentially replicable method that can rapidly provide new data to support further afforestation ecosystem assessments and provide spatial insights into the optimization of large inner-city afforestation projects.
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Li J, Xiong F, Chen Z. An integrated life cycle and water footprint assessment of nonfood crops based bioenergy production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3912. [PMID: 33594173 PMCID: PMC7887239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass gasification, especially distribution to power generation, is considered as a promising way to tackle global energy and environmental challenges. However, previous researches on integrated analysis of the greenhouse gases (GHG) abatement potentials associated with biomass electrification are sparse and few have taken the freshwater utilization into account within a coherent framework, though both energy and water scarcity are lying in the central concerns in China's environmental policy. This study employs a Life cycle assessment (LCA) model to analyse the actual performance combined with water footprint (WF) assessment methods. The inextricable trade-offs between three representative energy-producing technologies are explored based on three categories of non-food crops (maize, sorghum and hybrid pennisetum) cultivated in marginal arable land. WF results demonstrate that the Hybrid pennisetum system has the largest impact on the water resources whereas the other two technology options exhibit the characteristics of environmental sustainability. The large variances in contribution ratio between the four sub-processes in terms of total impacts are reflected by the LCA results. The Anaerobic Digestion process is found to be the main contributor whereas the Digestate management process is shown to be able to effectively mitigate the negative environmental impacts with an absolute share. Sensitivity analysis is implemented to detect the impacts of loss ratios variation, as silage mass and methane, on final results. The methane loss has the largest influence on the Hybrid pennisetum system, followed by the Maize system. Above all, the Sorghum system demonstrates the best performance amongst the considered assessment categories. Our study builds a pilot reference for further driving large-scale project of bioenergy production and conversion. The synergy of combined WF-LCA method allows us to conduct a comprehensive assessment and to provide insights into environmental and resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of International Relations, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Management, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Fengyin Xiong
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Energy Plants Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- grid.443638.e0000 0004 1799 200XInstitute of Communication and Global Public Opinion, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, 710061 China
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45
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A New Urban Functional Zone-Based Climate Zoning System for Urban Temperature Study. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) effect has been recognized as one of the most significant terrestrial surface climate-related consequences of urbanization. However, the traditional definition of the urban–rural (UR) division and the newly established local climate zone (LCZ) classification for UHI and urban climate studies do not adequately express the pattern and intensity of UHI. Moreover, these definitions of UHI find it hard to capture the human activity-induced anthropogenic heat that is highly correlated with urban functional zones (UFZ). Therefore, in this study, with a comparison (theory, technology, and application) of the previous definition (UR and LCZ) of UHI and integration of computer programming technology, social sensing, and remote sensing, we develop a new urban functional zone-based urban temperature zoning system (UFZC). The UFZC system is generally a social-based, planning-oriented, and data-driven classification system associated with the urban function and temperature; it can also be effectively used in city management (e.g., urban planning and energy saving). Moreover, in the Beijing case, we tested the UFZC system and preliminarily analyzed the land surface temperature (LST) difference patterns and causes of the 11 UFZC types. We found that, compared to other UFZCs, the PGZ (perseveration green zone)-UFZC has the lowest LST, while the CBZ (center business district zone)-UFZC and GCZ (general commercial zone)-UFZC contribute the most and stable heat sources. This implies that reducing the heat generated by the function of commercial (and industrial) activities is an effective measure to reduce the UHI effect. We also proposed that multi-source temperature datasets with a high spatiotemporal resolution are needed to obtain more accurate results; thus providing more accurate recommendations for mitigating UHI effects. In short, as a new and finer urban temperature zoning system, although UFZC is not intended to supplant the UR and LCZ classifications, it can facilitate more detailed and coupled urban climate studies.
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46
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Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:118. [PMID: 33402687 PMCID: PMC7785734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands absorb and release carbon dioxide (CO2), emit methane (CH4) from grazing livestock, and emit nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. Little is known about how the fluxes of these three greenhouse gases, from managed and natural grasslands worldwide, have contributed to past climate change, or the roles of managed pastures versus natural grasslands. Here, global trends and regional patterns of the full greenhouse gas balance of grasslands are estimated for the period 1750 to 2012. A new spatially explicit land surface model is applied, to separate the direct effects of human activities from land management and the indirect effects from climate change, increasing CO2 and regional changes in nitrogen deposition. Direct human management activities are simulated to have caused grasslands to switch from a sink to a source of greenhouse gas, because of increased livestock numbers and accelerated conversion of natural lands to pasture. However, climate change drivers contributed a net carbon sink in soil organic matter, mainly from the increased productivity of grasslands due to increased CO2 and nitrogen deposition. The net radiative forcing of all grasslands is currently close to neutral, but has been increasing since the 1960s. Here, we show that the net global climate warming caused by managed grassland cancels the net climate cooling from carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. In the face of future climate change and increased demand for livestock products, these findings highlight the need to use sustainable management to preserve and enhance soil carbon storage in grasslands and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from managed grasslands. Grasslands, and the livestock that live there, are dynamic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, but what controls these fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here the authors show that on the global level, grasslands are climate neutral owing to the cancelling effects of managed vs. natural systems.
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Zhang Y, Albinet A, Petit JE, Jacob V, Chevrier F, Gille G, Pontet S, Chrétien E, Dominik-Sègue M, Levigoureux G, Močnik G, Gros V, Jaffrezo JL, Favez O. Substantial brown carbon emissions from wintertime residential wood burning over France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140752. [PMID: 32663683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) is known to absorb light at subvisible wavelengths but its optical properties and sources are still poorly documented, leading to large uncertainties in climate studies. Here, we show its major wintertime contribution to total aerosol absorption at 370 nm (18-42%) at 9 different French sites. Moreover, an excellent correlation with levoglucosan (r2 = 0.9 and slope = 22.2 at 370 nm), suggesting important contribution of wood burning emissions to ambient BrC aerosols in France. At all sites, BrC peaks were mainly observed during late evening, linking to local intense residential wood burning during this time period. Furthermore, the geographic origin analysis also highlighted the high potential contribution of local and/or small-regional emissions to BrC. Focusing on the Paris region, twice higher BrC mass absorption efficiency value was obtained for less oxidized biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) compared to more oxidized BBOA (e.g., about 4.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 m2 g-1, respectively, at 370 nm). Finally, the BBOA direct radiative effect was found to be 40% higher when these two BBOA fractions are treated as light-absorbing species, compared to the non-absorbing BBOA scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Zhang
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Alexandre Albinet
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air (LCSQA), F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Jacob
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Griša Močnik
- Univ. of Nova Gorica, Center for Atmos. Research, Ajdovščina, Slovenia; J. Stefan Institute, Condensed Matter Physics Dpt., Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air (LCSQA), F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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48
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Li N, Cui Y, Fu Y, Liu X, Run Y, Li M, Chen L, Xia H, Lu H. Contribution of anthropogenic CO 2 in China to global radiative forcing and its offset by the ecosystem during 2000-2015. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1488:56-66. [PMID: 33094494 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the world's largest developing country, quantifying China's CO2 contribution to global warming is important for assessing the climate effects of anthropogenic and natural factors. We used global CO2 assimilation data from 2000 to 2015 and a carbon-climate parameterized scheme to analyze anthropogenic carbon emissions and their climatic effects while considering the climate effects of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink. Three results are notable: (1) From 2000 to 2015, global anthropogenic emissions increased from 2.48 to 3.45 mol m-2 , and net emission (sum of anthropogenic and natural emissions) rose from 1.24 to 2.51 mol m-2 ; China's contribution of anthropogenic emissions to global anthropogenic emission was 34.78% and to net emission 39.65%. (2) By 2015, radiative forcing (RF) caused by CO2 absorption in the global terrestrial ecosystem was -0.18 Wm-2 , and this offset accounts for 30.96% of the warming effect of global anthropogenic carbon emissions; in China, RF caused by the terrestrial ecosystem was -0.04 Wm-2 , and this offset accounts for 20.27% of the warming effect of China's anthropogenic carbon emissions. (3) Using CO2 assimilation data and sectoral inventory data, China's contribution of carbon emissions to global RF was 10.02% and 9.73%, respectively, and China's contribution of net RF to global RF was 7.93%. Our findings highlight the importance of ecosystems on mitigating climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China.,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaoping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China.,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yadi Run
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liangyu Chen
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haoming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China.,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Heli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China.,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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49
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Yun X, Shen G, Shen H, Meng W, Chen Y, Xu H, Ren Y, Zhong Q, Du W, Ma J, Cheng H, Wang X, Liu J, Wang X, Li B, Hu J, Wan Y, Tao S. Residential solid fuel emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and associated health impacts in China. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eaba7621. [PMID: 33115732 PMCID: PMC7608780 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Residential contribution to air pollution-associated health impacts is critical, but inadequately addressed because of data gaps. Here, we fully model the effects of residential energy use on emissions, outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations, exposure, and premature deaths using updated energy data. We show that the residential sector contributed only 7.5% of total energy consumption but contributed 27% of primary PM2.5 emissions; 23 and 71% of the outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations, respectively; 68% of PM2.5 exposure; and 67% of PM2.5-induced premature deaths in 2014 in China, with a progressive order of magnitude increase from sources to receptors. Biomass fuels and coal provided similar contributions to health impacts. These findings are particularly true for rural populations, which contribute more to emissions and face higher premature death risks than urban populations. The impacts of both residential and nonresidential emissions are interconnected, and efforts are necessary to simultaneously mitigate both emission types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuang Ren
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qirui Zhong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Ari PE, Ari A, Dumanoğlu Y, Odabasi M, Gaga EO. Organic chemical characterization of size segregated particulate matter samples collected from a thermal power plant area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114360. [PMID: 32443206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kütahya city, a thermal power plant (TPPs) affected region of Turkey, has serious air quality problems like similar industrial regions of the world due to the emissions from three closely-located coal-fired TPPs, residential coal combustion along with the contribution of several industrial stacks. The organic chemical speciation of ambient size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was investigated during two seasons at two sites with different pollution characteristics (urban and rural). The ambient PM was collected using a high volume cascade impactor, with 6 stages: PM>10.2, PM10.2-4.2, PM4.2-2.1, PM2.1-1.3, PM1.3-0.69 and PM<0.69. Collected PM samples were extracted with organic solvents and the organic composition (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes and carboxylic acids) was determined by GC-MS. Sources of the organic species were assessed using molecular PAH diagnostic ratios, carbon preference index and wax percentages. More than 70% of the PM-bound PAHs were quantified in submicron particles. Similarly, 34-42% of n-alkanes and approximately 30% of the carboxylic acids were found on the smallest particles. The main sources of the PM-bound organic species were considered as the anthropogenic emissions such as coal and biomass combustion and also vehicular emissions rather than the biogenic sources. Considerably high cancer risk levels were obtained through inhalation of PAHs. Seasonal variations and size distributions of the carboxylic acids and levoglucosan were also evaluated. Polar organic compound concentrations were higher in the summer period at both locations probably due to the higher sunlight intensity and temperature favoring their photochemical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ertürk Ari
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey; Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Akif Ari
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey; Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Dumanoğlu
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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