1
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Hunnestad KA, Das H, Hatzoglou C, Holtz M, Brooks CM, van Helvoort ATJ, Muller DA, Schlom DG, Mundy JA, Meier D. 3D oxygen vacancy distribution and defect-property relations in an oxide heterostructure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5400. [PMID: 38926403 PMCID: PMC11208508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxide heterostructures exhibit a vast variety of unique physical properties. Examples are unconventional superconductivity in layered nickelates and topological polar order in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices. Although it is clear that variations in oxygen content are crucial for the electronic correlation phenomena in oxides, it remains a major challenge to quantify their impact. Here, we measure the chemical composition in multiferroic (LuFeO3)9/(LuFe2O4)1 superlattices, mapping correlations between the distribution of oxygen vacancies and the electric and magnetic properties. Using atom probe tomography, we observe oxygen vacancies arranging in a layered three-dimensional structure with a local density on the order of 1014 cm-2, congruent with the formula-unit-thick ferrimagnetic LuFe2O4 layers. The vacancy order is promoted by the locally reduced formation energy and plays a key role in stabilizing the ferroelectric domains and ferrimagnetism in the LuFeO3 and LuFe2O4 layers, respectively. The results demonstrate pronounced interactions between oxygen vacancies and the multiferroic order in this system and establish an approach for quantifying the oxygen defects with atomic-scale precision in 3D, giving new opportunities for deterministic defect-enabled property control in oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper A Hunnestad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Acoustics Group, Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Centre for Geophysical Forecasting, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Hena Das
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Constantinos Hatzoglou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Megan Holtz
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Charles M Brooks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscience, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscience, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Julia A Mundy
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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2
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Zhang YN, Deng L, Peng B. Nonreciprocal and Nonvolatile Electric-Field Switching of Magnetism in van der Waals Heterostructure Multiferroics. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5929-5936. [PMID: 38655909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials provide robust and efficient routes for the control of magnetism by electric fields, which have been diligently sought after for a long time. Construction of two-dimensional (2D) vdW multiferroics is a more exciting endeavor. To date, the nonvolatile manipulation of magnetism through ferroelectric polarization still remains challenging in a 2D vdW heterostructure multiferroic. Here, we report a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure multiferroic comprising the atomically thin layered antiferromagnet (AFM) CrI3 and ferroelectric (FE) α-In2Se3. We demonstrate anomalously nonreciprocal and nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization by ferroelectric polarization. The nonreciprocal electric control originates from an intriguing antisymmetric enhancement of interlayer ferromagnetic coupling in the opposite ferroelectric polarization configurations of α-In2Se3. Our work provides numerous possibilities for creating diverse heterostructure multiferroics at the limit of a few atomic layers for multistage magnetic memories and brain-inspired in-memory computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li T, Deng S, Qi H, Zhu T, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhu F, Liu H, Wang J, Guo EJ, Diéguez O, Chen J. High-Temperature Ferroic Glassy States in SrTiO_{3}-Based Thin Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:246801. [PMID: 38181148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.246801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Disordered ferroics hold great promise for next-generation magnetoelectric devices because their lack of symmetry constraints implies negligible hysteresis with low energy costs. However, the transition temperature and the magnitude of polarization and magnetization are still too low to meet application requirements. Here, taking the prototype perovskite of SrTiO_{3} as an instance, we realize a coexisting spin and dipole reentrant glass states in SrTiO_{3} homoepitaxial films via manipulation of local symmetry. Room-temperature saturation magnetization and spontaneous polarization reach ∼ 10 emu/cm^{3} and ∼ 25 μC/cm^{2}, respectively, with high transition temperatures (101 K and 236 K for spin and dipole glass temperatures and 556 K and 1100 K for Curie temperatures, respectively). Our atomic-scale investigation points out an underlying mechanism, where the Ti/O-defective unit cells break the local translational and orbital symmetry to drive the formation of unusual slush states. This study advances our understanding of the nature of the intricate couplings of ferroic glasses. Our approach could be applied to numerous perovskite oxides for the simultaneous control of the local magnetic and polar orderings and for the exploration of the underlying physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - He Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanhua Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Oswaldo Diéguez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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4
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Wang YX, Su D, Ma Y, Sun Y, Cheng P. Electrical detection and modulation of magnetism in a Dy-based ferroelectric single-molecule magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7901. [PMID: 38036549 PMCID: PMC10689763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical control of magnetism in single-molecule magnets with peculiar quantum magnetic behaviours has promise for applications in molecular electronics and quantum computing. Nevertheless, such kind of magnetoelectric effects have not been achieved in such materials. Herein, we report the successful realization of significant magnetoelectric effects by introducing ferroelectricity into a dysprosium-based single-molecule magnet through spatial cooperation between flexible organic ligands and halide ions. The stair-shaped magnetization hysteresis loop, alternating current susceptibility, and magnetic relaxation can be directly modulated by applying a moderate electric field. Conversely, the electric polarization can be modulated by applying a small magnetic field. In addition, a resonant magnetodielectric effect is clearly observed, which enables detection of quantum tunnelling of magnetization by a simple electrical measurement. The integration of ferroelectricity into single-molecule magnets not only broadens the family of single-molecule magnets but also makes electrical detection and modulation of the quantum tunnelling of magnetization a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yinina Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Young Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Department of Applied Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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5
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Wu M, Shi R, Qi R, Li Y, Du J, Gao P. Four-dimensional electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113818. [PMID: 37544270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy have enabled atomic-scale focused, coherent, and monochromatic electron probes, achieving nanoscale spatial resolution, meV energy resolution, sufficient momentum resolution, and a wide energy detection range in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). A four-dimensional EELS (4D-EELS) dataset can be recorded with a slot aperture selecting the specific momentum direction in the diffraction plane and the beam scanning in two spatial dimensions. In this paper, the basic principle of the 4D-EELS technique and a few examples of its application are presented. In addition to parallelly acquired dispersion with energy down to a lattice vibration scale, it can map the real space variation of any EELS spectrum features with a specific momentum transfer and energy loss to study various locally inhomogeneous scattering processes. Furthermore, simple mathematical combinations associating the spectra at different momenta are feasible from the 4D dataset, e.g., the efficient acquisition of a reliable electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) signal is demonstrated. This 4D-EELS technique provides new opportunities to probe the local dispersion and related physical properties at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruishi Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Yuehui Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinlong Du
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China; Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Deng S, Huo C, Liu Y, Qi H, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Chen J. Atomic-Scale Investigations of Self-Assembled Superstructures in Ferroic Materials. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1631-1632. [PMID: 37613871 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanrui Huo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - He Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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7
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Itoh T, Shigematsu K, Nishikubo T, Azuma M. Out-of-plane polarization reversal and changes in in-plane ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains of multiferroic BiFe 0.9Co 0.1O 3 thin films by water printing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7236. [PMID: 37142756 PMCID: PMC10160096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BiFe0.9Co0.1O3 is a promising material for an ultra-low-power-consumption nonvolatile magnetic memory device because local magnetization reversal is possible through application of an electric field. Here, changes in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domain structures in a multiferroic BiFe0.9Co0.1O3 thin film induced by "water printing", which is a polarization reversal method involving chemical bonding and charge accumulation at the interface between the liquid and the film, was investigated. Water printing using pure water with pH = 6.2 resulted in an out-of-plane polarization reversal from upward to downward. The in-plane domain structure remained unchanged after the water printing process, indicating that 71° switching was achieved in 88.4% of the observation area. However, magnetization reversal was observed in only 50.1% of the area, indicating a loss of correlation between the ferroelectric and magnetic domains because of the slow polarization reversal due to nucleation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Itoh
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronics Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Kei Shigematsu
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, 243-0435, Japan.
| | - Takumi Nishikubo
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, 243-0435, Japan
| | - Masaki Azuma
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, 243-0435, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
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8
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MacManus-Driscoll JL, Wu R, Li W. Interface-related phenomena in epitaxial complex oxide ferroics across different thin film platforms: opportunities and challenges. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1060-1086. [PMID: 36815609 PMCID: PMC10068909 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces in complex oxides give rise to fascinating new physical phenomena arising from the interconnected spin, lattice, charge and orbital degrees of freedom. Most commonly, interfaces are engineered in epitaxial superlattice films. Of growing interest also are epitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite films where interfaces form by self-assembly. These two thin film forms offer different capabilities for materials tuning and have been explored largely separately from one another. Ferroics (ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, multiferroic) are among the most fascinating phenomena to be manipulated using interface effects. Hence, in this review we compare and contrast the ferroic properties that arise in these two different film forms, highlighting exemplary materials combinations which demonstrate novel, enhanced and/or emergent ferroic functionalities. We discuss the origins of the observed functionalities and propose where knowledge can be translated from one materials form to another, to potentially produce new functionalities. Finally, for the two different film forms we present a perspective on underexplored/emerging research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Spin-X Institute, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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9
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Guo S, Wang B, Wolf D, Lubk A, Xia W, Wang M, Xiao Y, Cui J, Pravarthana D, Dou Z, Leistner K, Li RW, Hühne R, Nielsch K. Hierarchically Engineered Manganite Thin Films with a Wide-Temperature-Range Colossal Magnetoresistance Response. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2517-2528. [PMID: 36651833 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colossal magnetoresistance is of great fundamental and technological significance in condensed-matter physics, magnetic memory, and sensing technologies. However, its relatively narrow working temperature window is still a severe obstacle for potential applications due to the nature of the material-inherent phase transition. Here, we realized hierarchical La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films with well-defined (001) and (221) crystallographic orientations by combining substrate modification with conventional thin-film deposition. Microscopic investigations into its magnetic transition through electron holography reveal that the hierarchical microstructure significantly broadens the temperature range of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition, which further widens the response temperature range of the macroscopic colossal magnetoresistance under the scheme of the double-exchange mechanism. Therefore, this work puts forward a method to alter the magnetic transition and thus to extend the magnetoresistance working window by nanoengineering, which might be a promising approach also for other phase-transition-related effects in functional oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Baomin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Weixing Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dhanapal Pravarthana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Dou
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Karin Leistner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
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10
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Caretta L, Shao YT, Yu J, Mei AB, Grosso BF, Dai C, Behera P, Lee D, McCarter M, Parsonnet E, K P H, Xue F, Guo X, Barnard ES, Ganschow S, Hong Z, Raja A, Martin LW, Chen LQ, Fiebig M, Lai K, Spaldin NA, Muller DA, Schlom DG, Ramesh R. Non-volatile electric-field control of inversion symmetry. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:207-215. [PMID: 36536139 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Competition between ground states at phase boundaries can lead to significant changes in properties under stimuli, particularly when these ground states have different crystal symmetries. A key challenge is to stabilize and control the coexistence of symmetry-distinct phases. Using BiFeO3 layers confined between layers of dielectric TbScO3 as a model system, we stabilize the mixed-phase coexistence of centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric BiFeO3 phases at room temperature with antipolar, insulating and polar semiconducting behaviour, respectively. Application of orthogonal in-plane electric (polar) fields results in reversible non-volatile interconversion between the two phases, hence removing and introducing centrosymmetry. Counterintuitively, we find that an electric field 'erases' polarization, resulting from the anisotropy in octahedral tilts introduced by the interweaving TbScO3 layers. Consequently, this interconversion between centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric phases generates changes in the non-linear optical response of over three orders of magnitude, resistivity of over five orders of magnitude and control of microscopic polar order. Our work establishes a platform for cross-functional devices that take advantage of changes in optical, electrical and ferroic responses, and demonstrates octahedral tilts as an important order parameter in materials interface design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caretta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Yu-Tsun Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Antonio B Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Piush Behera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daehun Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Eric Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Harikrishnan K P
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiangwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward S Barnard
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Zijian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Archana Raja
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Keji Lai
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin, Germany
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Wang Y, Wang P, Wang H, Xu B, Li H, Cheng M, Feng W, Du R, Song L, Wen X, Li X, Yang J, Cai Y, He J, Wang Z, Shi J. Room-Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling in Atomically Thin ε-Fe 2 O 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209465. [PMID: 36460029 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D multiferroics with magnetoelectric coupling combine the magnetic order and electric polarization in a single phase, providing a cornerstone for constructing high-density information storages and low-energy-consumption spintronic devices. The strong interactions between various order parameters are crucial for realizing such multifunctional applications, nevertheless, this criterion is rarely met in classical 2D materials at room-temperature. Here an ingenious space-confined chemical vapor deposition strategy is designed to synthesize atomically thin non-layered ε-Fe2 O3 single crystals and disclose the room-temperature long-range ferrimagnetic order. Interestingly, the strong ferroelectricity and its switching behavior are unambiguously discovered in atomically thin ε-Fe2 O3 , accompanied with an anomalous thickness-dependent coercive voltage. More significantly, the robust room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling is uncovered by controlling the magnetism with electric field and verifies the multiferroic feature of atomically thin ε-Fe2 O3 . This work not only represents a substantial leap in terms of the controllable synthesis of 2D multiferroics with robust magnetoelectric coupling, but also provides a crucial step toward the practical applications in low-energy-consumption electric-writing/magnetic-reading devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mo Cheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Cai
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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12
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Cao Y, Tang YL, Zhu YL, Wang Y, Liu N, Zou MJ, Liu J, Feng YP, Geng WR, Ma XL. Achieving High-Temperature Multiferroism by Atomic Architecture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3163-3171. [PMID: 36621962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Materials with multiple order parameters, typically, in which ferroelectricity and magnetism are coupled, are illuminative for next-generation multifunctional electronics. However, searching for such single-phase multiferroics is challenging owing to antagonistic orbital occupancy and chemical bonding requirements for polarity and magnetism. Appropriate multiferroic candidates have been proposed, but their practical implementation is impeded by the low working temperature, weak coupling between ferroic orders, or antiparallel spin alignment in magnetic sublattices. Here, we report a family of single-phase multiferroic materials in which high-temperature magnetism and voltage-switchable ferroelectricity are coupled. Using pulsed laser deposition, we have fabricated single-crystalline thin films incorporating a uniformly percolated open-shell dn framework, which are composed of Fe cations with B-site occupancy and exhibit long-range spin ordering into the displacive ferroelectric PbTiO3 lattice, as demonstrated by atomically resolved chemical analysis. The tetragonal polar Pb(Ti1-x,Fex)O3 (PFT(x), x ≤ 0.10) family exhibits a switchable ferroelectric nature and magnetic interaction with a moderate coercive field of around 300 Oe at room temperature. Notably, the magnetic order even persists above 500 K, which is higher than already reported potential multiferroic candidates until now. Our strategy of merging a spin-ordered sublattice into inherent ferroelectrics via atomic occupancy engineering provides an available pathway for highly thermally stable multiferroic and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min-Jie Zou
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan-Peng Feng
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wan-Rong Geng
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Rong D, Xu Y, Zhang J, Pei F, Bai H, Shang YX, Lin S, Jin Q, Hong H, Wang C, Yan W, Guo H, Zhu T, Gu L, Gong Y, Li Q, Wang L, Liu GQ, Jin KJ, Guo EJ. Braiding Lateral Morphotropic Grain Boundaries in Homogenetic Oxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206961. [PMID: 36281802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces formed by correlated oxides offer a critical avenue for discovering emergent phenomena and quantum states. However, the fabrication of oxide interfaces with variable crystallographic orientations and strain states integrated along a film plane is extremely challenging by conventional layer-by-layer stacking or self-assembling. Here, the creation of morphotropic grain boundaries (GBs) in laterally interconnected cobaltite homostructures is reported. Single-crystalline substrates and suspended ultrathin freestanding membranes provide independent templates for coherent epitaxy and constraint on the growth orientation, resulting in seamless and atomically sharp GBs. Electronic states and magnetic behavior in hybrid structures are laterally modulated and isolated by GBs, enabling artificially engineered functionalities in the planar matrix. This work offers a simple and scalable method for fabricating unprecedented innovative interfaces through controlled synthesis routes as well as providing a platform for exploring potential applications in neuromorphics, solid-state batteries, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongke Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fangfang Pei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - He Bai
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yan-Xing Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haitao Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics & School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Lin Gu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, 58 Coming Street, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Gang-Qin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Kui-Juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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14
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Unusual solid-state transformations in LuFe2O4 films during their synthesis via MOCVD with further reduction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao J, Lin S, Jin Q, Hong H, Huon A, Charlton T, Li Q, Yan W, Wang J, Ge C, Wang C, Wang B, Fitzsimmons MR, Guo H, Gu L, Yin W, Jin KJ, Guo EJ. Atomically engineered cobaltite layers for robust ferromagnetism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3981. [PMID: 36306366 PMCID: PMC9616489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces are directly associated with the bonding geometry of adjacent layers. Effective control of accessible parameters, such as the bond length and bonding angles, offers an elegant method to tailor competing energies of the electronic and magnetic ground states. In this study, we construct unit-thick syntactic layers of cobaltites within a strongly tilted octahedral matrix via atomically precise synthesis. The octahedral tilt patterns of adjacent layers propagate into cobaltites, leading to a continuation of octahedral tilting while maintaining substantial misfit tensile strain. These effects induce severe rumpling within an atomic plane of neighboring layers, further triggering the electronic reconstruction between the splitting orbitals. First-principles calculations reveal that the cobalt ions transit to a higher spin state level upon octahedral tilting, resulting in robust ferromagnetism in ultrathin cobaltites. This work demonstrates a design methodology for fine-tuning the lattice and spin degrees of freedom in correlated quantum heterostructures by exploiting epitaxial geometric engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xujing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Amanda Huon
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Charlton
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Baotian Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Michael R. Fitzsimmons
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Kui-juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Er Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
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16
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Valiulin VE, Chtchelkatchev NM, Mikheyenkov AV, Vinokur VM. Time-dependent exchange creates the time-frustrated state of matter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16177. [PMID: 36171223 PMCID: PMC9519972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic systems governed by exchange interactions between magnetic moments harbor frustration that leads to ground state degeneracy and results in the new topological state often referred to as a frustrated state of matter (FSM). The frustration in the commonly discussed magnetic systems has a spatial origin. Here we demonstrate that an array of nanomagnets coupled by the real retarded exchange interactions develops a new state of matter, time frustrated matter (TFM). In a spin system with the time-dependent retarded exchange interaction, a single spin-flip influences other spins not instantly but after some delay. This implies that the sign of the exchange interaction changes, leading to either ferro- or antiferromagnetic interaction, depends on time. As a result, the system’s temporal evolution is essentially non-Markovian. The emerging competition between different magnetic orders leads to a new kind of time-core frustration. To establish this paradigmatic shift, we focus on the exemplary system, a granular multiferroic, where the exchange transferring medium has a pronounced frequency dispersion and hence develops the TFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Valiulin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N M Chtchelkatchev
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mikheyenkov
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - V M Vinokur
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Physics Department, City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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17
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Hassanpour E, Zemp Y, Tokunaga Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Lottermoser T, Fiebig M, Weber MC. Magnetoelectric transfer of a domain pattern. Science 2022; 377:1109-1112. [PMID: 36048962 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The utility of ferroic materials is determined by the formation of domains and their poling behavior under externally applied fields. For multiferroics, which exhibit several types of ferroic order at once, it is also relevant how the domains of the coexisting ferroic states couple and what kind of functionality this might involve. In this work, we demonstrate the reversible transfer of a domain pattern between magnetization and electric-polarization space in the multiferroic Dy0.7Tb0.3FeO3. A magnetic field transfers a ferromagnetic domain pattern into an identical ferroelectric domain pattern while erasing it at its magnetic origin. Reverse transfer completes the cycle. To assess the generality of our experiment, we elaborate on its conceptual origin and aspects of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hassanpour
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Zemp
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yusuke Tokunaga
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics and Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mads C Weber
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
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18
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Hu C, Chen J, Du E, Ju W, An Y, Gong SJ. Ferroelectric control of band alignments and magnetic properties in the two-dimensional multiferroic VSe 2/In 2Se 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:425801. [PMID: 35878601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our first-principles evidence shows that the two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic VSe2/In2Se3experiences continuous change of electronic structures, i.e. with the change of the ferroelectric (FE) polarization of In2Se3, the heterostructure can possess type-I, -II, and -III band alignments. When the FE polarization points from In2Se3to VSe2, the heterostructure has a type-III band alignment, and the charge transfer from In2Se3into VSe2induces half-metallicity. With reversal of the FE polarization, the heterostructure enters the type-I band alignment, and the spin-polarized current is turned off. When the In2Se3is depolarized, the heterostructure has a type-II band alignment. In addition, influence of the FE polarization on magnetism and magnetic anisotropy energy of VSe2was also analyzed, through which we reveal the interfacial magnetoelectric coupling effects. Our investigation about VSe2/In2Se3predicts its wide applications in the fields of both 2D spintronics and multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Erwei Du
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng An
- School of Physics and Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jing Gong
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang H, Tang F, Stengel M, Xiang H, An Q, Low T, Wu X. Convert Widespread Paraelectric Perovskite to Ferroelectrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:197601. [PMID: 35622027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.197601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While nature provides a plethora of perovskite materials, only a few exhibit large ferroelectricity and possibly multiferroicity. The majority of perovskite materials have the nonpolar CaTiO_{3}(CTO) structure, limiting the scope of their applications. Based on the effective Hamiltonian model as well as first-principles calculations, we propose a general thin-film design method to stabilize the functional BiFeO_{3}(BFO)-type structure, which is a common metastable structure in widespread CTO-type perovskite oxides. It is found that the improper antiferroelectricity in CTO-type perovskite and ferroelectricity in BFO-type perovskite have distinct dependences on mechanical and electric boundary conditions, both of which involve oxygen octahedral rotation and tilt. The above difference can be used to stabilize the highly polar BFO-type structure in many CTO-type perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Fujie Tang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stengel
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Xifan Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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20
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Gabriel V, Kocán P, Bauer S, Nergis B, Rodrigues A, Horák L, Jin X, Schneider R, Baumbach T, Holý V. Effect of pulse laser frequency on PLD growth of LuFeO 3 explained by kinetic simulations of in-situ diffracted intensities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5647. [PMID: 35383221 PMCID: PMC8983772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomistic processes during pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) growth influence the physical properties of the resulting films. We investigated the PLD of epitaxial layers of hexagonal LuFeO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_3$$\end{document}3 by measuring the X-ray diffraction intensity in the quasiforbidden reflection 0003 in situ during deposition. From measured X-ray diffraction intensities we determined coverages of each layer and studied their time evolution which is described by scaling exponent \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β directly connected to the surface roughness. Subsequently we modelled the growth using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. While the experimentally obtained scaling exponent \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β decreases with the laser frequency, the simulations provided the opposite behaviour. We demonstrate that the increase of the surface temperature caused by impinging ablated particles satisfactorily explains the recorded decrease in the scaling exponent with the laser frequency. This phenomena is often overlooked during the PLD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Gabriel
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Kocán
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Sondes Bauer
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Berkin Nergis
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Adriana Rodrigues
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Horák
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Václav Holý
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Dong G, Wang T, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Ren W, Ye ZG, Shi K, Zhou Z, Liu M, Pan J. Strain-Induced Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe 3O 4/BaTiO 3 Nanopillar Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13925-13931. [PMID: 35271247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling properties are limited to the substrate clamping effect in traditional ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures. Here, Fe3O4/BaTiO3 nanopillar composites are successfully constructed. The well-ordered BaTiO3 nanopillar arrays are prepared through template-assisted pulsed laser deposition. The Fe3O4 layer is coated on BaTiO3 nanopillar arrays by atomic layer deposition. The nanopillar arrays and heterostructure are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A large thermally driven magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 395 Oe °C-1 near the phase transition of BaTiO3 (orthorhombic to rhombohedral) is obtained, indicating a strong strain-induced magnetoelectric coupling effect. The enhanced magnetoelectric coupling effect originated from the reduced substrate clamping effect and increased the interface area in nanopillar structures. This work opens a door toward cutting-edge potential applications in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Dong
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Chemistry & 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Keqing Shi
- Department of Intensive Care, Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care, Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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22
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Tsurusawa H, Nakanishi N, Kawano K, Chen Y, Dutka M, Van Leer B, Mizoguchi T. Robotic fabrication of high-quality lamellae for aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21599. [PMID: 34732755 PMCID: PMC8566590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used for atomic-level imaging of materials but severely requires damage-free and thin samples (lamellae). So far, the preparation of the high-quality lamella from a bulk largely depends on manual processes by a skilled operator. This limits the throughput and repeatability of aberration-corrected STEM experiments. Here, inspired by the recent successes of "robot scientists", we demonstrate robotic fabrication of high-quality lamellae by focused-ion-beam (FIB) with automation software. First, we show that the robotic FIB can prepare lamellae with a high success rate, where the FIB system automatically controls rough-milling, lift-out, and final-thinning processes. Then, we systematically optimized the FIB parameters of the final-thinning process for single crystal Si. The optimized Si lamellae were evaluated by aberration-corrected STEM, showing atomic-level images with 55 pm resolution and quantitative repeatability of the spatial resolution and lamella thickness. We also demonstrate robotic fabrication of high-quality lamellae of SrTiO3 and sapphire, suggesting that the robotic FIB system may be applicable for a wide range of materials. The throughput of the robotic fabrication was typically an hour per lamella. Our robotic FIB will pave the way for the operator-free, high-throughput, and repeatable fabrication of the high-quality lamellae for aberration-corrected STEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Tsurusawa
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, FEI Japan Ltd., 4-12-2, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0002, Japan.
| | - Nobuto Nakanishi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, FEI Japan Ltd., 4-12-2, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0002, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kawano
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, FEI Japan Ltd., 4-12-2, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0002, Japan
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail Dutka
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon Van Leer
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Drive, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Teruyasu Mizoguchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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23
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Magnetoelectric phase transition driven by interfacial-engineered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5453. [PMID: 34526513 PMCID: PMC8443571 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongly correlated oxides with a broken symmetry could exhibit various phase transitions, such as superconductivity, magnetism and ferroelectricity. Construction of superlattices using these materials is effective to design crystal symmetries at atomic scale for emergent orderings and phases. Here, antiferromagnetic Ruddlesden-Popper Sr2IrO4 and perovskite paraelectric (ferroelectric) SrTiO3 (BaTiO3) are selected to epitaxially fabricate superlattices for symmetry engineering. An emergent magnetoelectric phase transition is achieved in Sr2IrO4/SrTiO3 superlattices with artificially designed ferroelectricity, where an observable interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction driven by non-equivalent interface is considered as the microscopic origin. By further increasing the polarization namely interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction via replacing SrTiO3 with BaTiO3, the transition temperature can be enhanced from 46 K to 203 K, accompanying a pronounced magnetoelectric coefficient of ~495 mV/cm·Oe. This interfacial engineering of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction provides a strategy to design quantum phases and orderings in correlated electron systems.
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24
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Kopyl S, Surmenev R, Surmeneva M, Fetisov Y, Kholkin A. Magnetoelectric effect: principles and applications in biology and medicine- a review. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100149. [PMID: 34746734 PMCID: PMC8554634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) effect experimentally discovered about 60 years ago remains one of the promising research fields with the main applications in microelectronics and sensors. However, its applications to biology and medicine are still in their infancy. For the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the intracellular level, it is necessary to develop a maximally non-invasive way of local stimulation of individual neurons, navigation, and distribution of biomolecules in damaged cells with relatively high efficiency and adequate spatial and temporal resolution. Recently developed ME materials (composites), which combine elastically coupled piezoelectric (PE) and magnetostrictive (MS) phases, have been shown to yield very strong ME effects even at room temperature. This makes them a promising toolbox for solving many problems of modern medicine. The main ME materials, processing technologies, as well as most prospective biomedical applications will be overviewed, and modern trends in using ME materials for future therapies, wireless power transfer, and optogenetics will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kopyl
- Department of Physics & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R. Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Y. Fetisov
- Research & Education Centre ‘Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices’, MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Kholkin
- Department of Physics & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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25
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Jin C, Li X, Han W, Liu Q, Hu S, Ji Y, Xu Z, Hu S, Ye M, Gu M, Zhu Y, Chen L. Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism Achieved via Adjusting Dimensionality in BiFeO 3/BiMnO 3 Superlattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41315-41322. [PMID: 34410105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrating characteristics of materials through constructing artificial superlattices (SLs) has raised extensive attention in multifunctional materials. Here, we report the synthesis of BiFeO3/BiMnO3 SLs with considerable ferroelectric polarizations and tunable magnetic moments. The polarization of BiFeO3/BiMnO3 SLs presents a decent value of 12 μC/cm2, even as the dimensionality of BiFeO3 layers per period is reduced to about five-unit cells when keeping the BiMnO3 layers same. Moreover, it is found that the tunable magnetic moments of SLs are linked intimately to the dimensionality of BiFeO3 layers. Our simulations demonstrate that the superexchange interaction of Fe-O-Mn tends to be antiferromagnetic (AFM) with a lower magnetic domain formation energy rather than ferromagnetic (FM). Therefore, as the dimensionality of BiFeO3 per period is reduced, the AFM superexchange interaction between BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 in the SLs becomes weak, promoting a robust magnetization. This interlayer modulation effect in SLs presents an alluring way to accurately control the multiple order parameters in a multiferroic oxide system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Jin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenqiao Han
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sixia Hu
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanjiang Ji
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zedong Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songbai Hu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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O Amorim C, Amaral JS, Amaral VS. Enhanced strain-induced magnetoelectric coupling in polarization-free Fe/BaTiO 3 heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16053-16059. [PMID: 34287451 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for magnetoelectric materials typically revolves around the struggle to make magnetic and ferroelectric orders simultaneously coexist in the same material, using either an intrinsic or an extrinsic/composite approach. Via ab initio calculations of a prototypical Fe/BaTiO3 interface, we predict that it is possible to tune the magnitude of the individual magnetic moments even for non-polar BaTiO3. By comparing polar and non-polar Fe/BaTiO3 heterostructures, we show that the Fe, Ti and equatorial O atomic magnetic moments are induced and enhanced as a result of their local crystal field. The crystal field may be controlled solely by manipulation of the inter-atomic distances of their neighbouring atoms (which will affect their electrostatic fields and orbital hybridizations), or by the BaTiO3 electric dipole moments, working as a local polarization. When this polarization is present, it dominates the crystal field contributions, thus constraining the effects of other perturbations such as strain. We also find that, contrary to conventional expectations, the non-polar heterostructure shows higher strain induced magnetization sensitivity than its polar counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Amorim
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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27
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Abstract
Electric field control of magnetism is an extremely exciting area of research, from both a fundamental science and an applications perspective and has the potential to revolutionize the world of computing. To realize this will require numerous further innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating these scientific discoveries into real applications. Thus, this article will attempt to bridge the gap between condensed matter physics and the actual manifestations of the physical concepts into applications. We have attempted to paint a broad-stroke picture of the field, from the macroscale all the way down to the fundamentals of spin–orbit coupling that is a key enabler of the physics discussed. We hope it will help spur more translational research within the broad materials physics community. Needless to say, this article is written on behalf of a large number of colleagues, collaborators and researchers in the field of complex oxides as well as current and former students and postdocs who continue to pursue cutting-edge research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manipatruni
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kepler Computing, Portland, OR 97229, USA
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28
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Sarott MF, Gradauskaite E, Nordlander J, Strkalj N, Trassin M. In situmonitoring of epitaxial ferroelectric thin-film growth. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:293001. [PMID: 33873174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ferroelectric thin films, the polarization state and the domain configuration define the macroscopic ferroelectric properties such as the switching dynamics. Engineering of the ferroelectric domain configuration during synthesis is in permanent evolution and can be achieved by a range of approaches, extending from epitaxial strain tuning over electrostatic environment control to the influence of interface atomic termination. Exotic polar states are now designed in the technologically relevant ultrathin regime. The promise of energy-efficient devices based on ultrathin ferroelectric films depends on the ability to create, probe, and manipulate polar states in ever more complex epitaxial architectures. Because most ferroelectric oxides exhibit ferroelectricity during the epitaxial deposition process, the direct access to the polarization emergence and its evolution during the growth process, beyond the realm of existing structuralin situdiagnostic tools, is becoming of paramount importance. We review the recent progress in the field of monitoring polar states with an emphasis on the non-invasive probes allowing investigations of polarization during the thin film growth of ferroelectric oxides. A particular importance is given to optical second harmonic generationin situ. The ability to determine the net polarization and domain configuration of ultrathin films and multilayers during the growth of multilayers brings new insights towards a better understanding of the physics of ultrathin ferroelectrics and further control of ferroelectric-based heterostructures for devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Sarott
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Yin H, Xing K, Zhang Y, Dissanayake DMAS, Lu Z, Zhao H, Zeng Z, Yun JH, Qi DC, Yin Z. Periodic nanostructures: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6423-6482. [PMID: 34100047 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodic nanostructures, a group of nanomaterials consisting of single or multiple nano units/components periodically arranged into ordered patterns (e.g., vertical and lateral superlattices), have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties that offer a huge potential for a multitude of applications in energy conversion, electronic and optoelectronic applications. Recent advances in the preparation strategies of periodic nanostructures, including self-assembly, epitaxy, and exfoliation, have paved the way to rationally modulate their ferroelectricity, superconductivity, band gap and many other physical and chemical properties. For example, the recent discovery of superconductivity observed in "magic-angle" graphene superlattices has sparked intensive studies in new ways, creating superlattices in twisted 2D materials. Recent development in the various state-of-the-art preparations of periodic nanostructures has created many new ideas and findings, warranting a timely review. In this review, we discuss the current advances of periodic nanostructures, including their preparation strategies, property modulations and various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.
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30
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Meisenheimer PB, Steinhardt RA, Sung SH, Williams LD, Zhuang S, Nowakowski ME, Novakov S, Torunbalci MM, Prasad B, Zollner CJ, Wang Z, Dawley NM, Schubert J, Hunter AH, Manipatruni S, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Chen LQ, Bokor J, Bhave SA, Ramesh R, Hu JM, Kioupakis E, Hovden R, Schlom DG, Heron JT. Engineering new limits to magnetostriction through metastability in iron-gallium alloys. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2757. [PMID: 33980848 PMCID: PMC8115637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials transduce magnetic and mechanical energies and when combined with piezoelectric elements, evoke magnetoelectric transduction for high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors and energy-efficient beyond-CMOS technologies. The dearth of ductile, rare-earth-free materials with high magnetostrictive coefficients motivates the discovery of superior materials. Fe1-xGax alloys are amongst the highest performing rare-earth-free magnetostrictive materials; however, magnetostriction becomes sharply suppressed beyond x = 19% due to the formation of a parasitic ordered intermetallic phase. Here, we harness epitaxy to extend the stability of the BCC Fe1-xGax alloy to gallium compositions as high as x = 30% and in so doing dramatically boost the magnetostriction by as much as 10x relative to the bulk and 2x larger than canonical rare-earth based magnetostrictors. A Fe1-xGax - [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-PT) composite magnetoelectric shows robust 90° electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy and a converse magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.0 × 10-5 s m-1. When optimally scaled, this high coefficient implies stable switching at ~80 aJ per bit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Meisenheimer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Steinhardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S H Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L D Williams
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M E Nowakowski
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Novakov
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M M Torunbalci
- OxideMEMS Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Zollner
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Z Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N M Dawley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J Schubert
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9) and JARA Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - A H Hunter
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Manipatruni
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - D E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - I A Young
- Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S A Bhave
- OxideMEMS Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J-M Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E Kioupakis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, Berlin, Germany
| | - J T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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31
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Holtz ME, Padgett ES, Steinhardt R, Brooks CM, Meier D, Schlom DG, Muller DA, Mundy JA. Dimensionality-Induced Change in Topological Order in Multiferroic Oxide Superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:157601. [PMID: 33929216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.157601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We construct ferroelectric (LuFeO_{3})_{m}/(LuFe_{2}O_{4}) superlattices with varying index m to study the effect of confinement on topological defects. We observe a thickness-dependent transition from neutral to charged domain walls and the emergence of fractional vortices. In thin LuFeO_{3} layers, the volume fraction of domain walls grows, lowering the symmetry from P6_{3}cm to P3c1 before reaching the nonpolar P6_{3}/mmc state, analogous to the group-subgroup sequence observed at the high-temperature ferroelectric to paraelectric transition. Our study shows how dimensional confinement stabilizes textures beyond those in bulk ferroelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Holtz
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Elliot S Padgett
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Steinhardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Charles M Brooks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straβe 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Julia A Mundy
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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32
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Liu X, Wang B, Huang X, Dong X, Ren Y, Zhao H, Long L, Zheng L. Room-Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling in Electronic Ferroelectric Film based on [( n-C 3H 7) 4N][Fe IIIFe II(dto) 3] (dto = C 2O 2S 2). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5779-5785. [PMID: 33847129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Great importance has been attached to magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic thin films owing to their extremely practical use in a new generation of devices. Here, a film of [(n-C3H7)4N][FeIIIFeII(dto)3] (1; dto = C2O2S2) was fabricated using a simple stamping process. As was revealed by our experimental results, in-plane ferroelectricity over a wide temperature range from 50 to 300 K was induced by electron hopping between FeII and FeIII sites. This mechanism was further confirmed by the ferroelectric observation of the compound [(n-C3H7)4N][FeIIIZnII(dto)3] (2; dto = C2O2S2), in which FeII ions were replaced by nonmagnetic metal ZnII ions, resulting in no obvious ferroelectric polarization. However, both ferroelectricity and magnetism are related to the magnetic Fe ions, implying a strong magnetoelectric coupling in 1. Through piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), the observation of magnetoelectric coupling was achieved by manipulating ferroelectric domains under an in-plane magnetic field. The present work not only provides new insight into the design of molecular-based electronic ferroelectric/magnetoelectric materials but also paves the way for practical applications in a new generation of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lasheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lansun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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33
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Sohn C, Gao X, Vasudevan RK, Neumayer SM, Balke N, Ok JM, Lee D, Skoropata E, Jeong HY, Kim YM, Lee HN. Strain-driven autonomous control of cation distribution for artificial ferroelectrics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabd7394. [PMID: 33910905 PMCID: PMC8081366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In past few decades, there have been substantial advances in theoretical material design and experimental synthesis, which play a key role in the steep ascent of developing functional materials with unprecedented properties useful for next-generation technologies. However, the ultimate goal of synthesis science, i.e., how to locate atoms in a specific position of matter, has not been achieved. Here, we demonstrate a unique way to inject elements in a specific crystallographic position in a composite material by strain engineering. While the use of strain so far has been limited for only mechanical deformation of structures or creation of elemental defects, we show another powerful way of using strain to autonomously control the atomic position for the synthesis of new materials and structures. We believe that our synthesis methodology can be applied to wide ranges of systems, thereby providing a new route to functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rama K Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Sabine M Neumayer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Nina Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jong Mok Ok
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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34
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Chu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Hu K, Rao G, Gong C, Wu C, Hong H, Wang X, Liu K, Gao C, Xiong J. 2D Polarized Materials: Ferromagnetic, Ferrovalley, Ferroelectric Materials, and Related Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004469. [PMID: 33325574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of 2D polarized materials, including ferromagnetic, ferrovalley, and ferroelectric materials, has demonstrated unique quantum behaviors at atomic scales. These polarization behaviors are tightly bonded to the new degrees of freedom (DOFs) for next generation information storage and processing, which have been dramatically developed in the past few years. Here, the basic 2D polarized materials system and related devices' application in spintronics, valleytronics, and electronics are reviewed. Specifically, the underlying physical mechanism accompanied with symmetry broken theory and the modulation process through heterostructure engineering are highlighted. These summarized works focusing on the 2D polarization would continue to enrich the cognition of 2D quantum system and promising practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Gaofeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chuanhui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunlei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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35
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Xu L, Liu Q, Meng J, Liao W, Liu X, Zhang H. Eu-Mn Charge Transfer and the Strong Charge-Spin-Electronic Coupling Behavior in EuMnO 3. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1367-1379. [PMID: 33434017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations with the DFT + U method, the couplings of lattice, charge, spin, and electronic behaviors underlying the Eu-Mn charge transfer in a strongly correlated system of EuMnO3 were investigated. The potential valence transition from Eu3+/Mn3+ to Eu2+/Mn4+ was observed in a compressed lattice with little distortions, which is achieved under hydrostatic pressure and external strain. The intraplane antiferromagnetism (AFM) of Mn is proved to be instrumental in the emergence of Eu2+. Furthermore, we calculated the magnetic exchange interactions within two equilibrium structures of Eu3+Mn3+O3 and Eu2+Mn4+O3. Mn-Mn ferromagnetic exchange in the ab-plane is enhanced strongly in the Eu2+Mn4+O3 structure, contributing to the existence of mixed states. The versatile electronic structures were obtained within the Eu2+Mn4+O3 phase by imposing different magnetic configurations on the Eu and Mn sublattice, attributed to the coupling of charge transfer and magnetic orderings. It is found that the intraplane ferromagnetic ordering of Mn leads to a metallic electronic structure with the coexistence of Eu2+ and Eu3+, while the intraplane AFM Mn spin ordering leads to insulating states only with Eu2+. Notably, a half-metallic characteristic emerges at the magnetic ground state of CF ordering (C-type AFM for the Eu sublattice and ferromagnetic for the Mn sublattice), which makes such a supposed phase more intriguing than the conventional experimental phase. Additionally, the mixture of delocalized 4f with 5d states of Eu in the background of Mn 3d and O 2p orbitals implies a pathway of Eu 4f 5d ↔ O 2p ↔ Mn 3d for charge transfer between Eu and Mn. Our calculation shows that the Eu-Mn charge transfer could be expected in compressed EuMnO3 and the introduction of Eu2+ 4f states near the Fermi level plays an important role in manipulating the interlinks of charge and spin together with electronic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wuping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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36
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Exploring physics of ferroelectric domain walls via Bayesian analysis of atomically resolved STEM data. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6361. [PMID: 33311492 PMCID: PMC7733522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physics of ferroelectric domain walls is explored using the Bayesian inference analysis of atomically resolved STEM data. We demonstrate that domain wall profile shapes are ultimately sensitive to the nature of the order parameter in the material, including the functional form of Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire expansion, and numerical value of the corresponding parameters. The preexisting materials knowledge naturally folds in the Bayesian framework in the form of prior distributions, with the different order parameters forming competing (or hierarchical) models. Here, we explore the physics of the ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO3 using this method, and derive the posterior estimates of relevant parameters. More generally, this inference approach both allows learning materials physics from experimental data with associated uncertainty quantification, and establishing guidelines for instrumental development answering questions on what resolution and information limits are necessary for reliable observation of specific physical mechanisms of interest. Ferroelectric domain wall profiles can be modeled by phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory, with different candidate models and parameters. Here, the authors solve the problem of model selection by developing a Bayesian inference framework allowing for uncertainty quantification and apply it to atomically resolved images of walls. This analysis can also predict the level of microscope performance needed to detect specific physical phenomena.
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37
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Fan S, Das H, Rébola A, Smith KA, Mundy J, Brooks C, Holtz ME, Muller DA, Fennie CJ, Ramesh R, Schlom DG, McGill S, Musfeldt JL. Site-specific spectroscopic measurement of spin and charge in (LuFeO 3) m/(LuFe 2O 4) 1 multiferroic superlattices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5582. [PMID: 33149138 PMCID: PMC7642375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface materials offer a means to achieve electrical control of ferrimagnetism at room temperature as was recently demonstrated in (LuFeO3)m/(LuFe2O4)1 superlattices. A challenge to understanding the inner workings of these complex magnetoelectric multiferroics is the multitude of distinct Fe centres and their associated environments. This is because macroscopic techniques characterize average responses rather than the role of individual iron centres. Here, we combine optical absorption, magnetic circular dichroism and first-principles calculations to uncover the origin of high-temperature magnetism in these superlattices and the charge-ordering pattern in the m = 3 member. In a significant conceptual advance, interface spectra establish how Lu-layer distortion selectively enhances the Fe2+ → Fe3+ charge-transfer contribution in the spin-up channel, strengthens the exchange interactions and increases the Curie temperature. Comparison of predicted and measured spectra also identifies a non-polar charge ordering arrangement in the LuFe2O4 layer. This site-specific spectroscopic approach opens the door to understanding engineered materials with multiple metal centres and strong entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Fan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hena Das
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, 4259 Nagatesuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Alejandro Rébola
- Instituto de Física Rosario-CONICET, Boulevard 27 de Febrero 210 bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Kevin A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Julia Mundy
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles Brooks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan E Holtz
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Craig J Fennie
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephen McGill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Janice L Musfeldt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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38
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Du EW, Gong SJ, Tang X, Chu J, Rappe AM, Gong C. Ferroelectric Switching of Pure Spin Polarization in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7230-7236. [PMID: 32786931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) created at compound interfaces can exhibit a broad range of exotic physical phenomena, including quantum Hall phase, emergent ferromagnetism, and superconductivity. Although electron spin plays key roles in these phenomena, the fundamental understanding and application prospects of such emergent interfacial states have been largely impeded by the lack of purely spin-polarized 2DEG. In this work, by first-principles calculations of the multiferroic superlattice GeTe/MnTe, we find the ferroelectric polarization of GeTe is concurrent with the half-metallic 2DEG at interfaces. Remarkably, the pure spin polarization of the 2DEG can be created and annihilated by polarizing and depolarizing the ferroelectrics and can be switched (between pure spin-up and pure spin-down) by flipping the ferroelectric polarization. Given the electric-field amplification effect of ferroelectric electronics, we envision multiferroic superlattices could open up new opportunities for low-power, high-efficiency spintronic devices such as spin field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shi-Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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39
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Engineered Layer-Stacked Interfaces Inside Aurivillius-Type Layered Oxides Enables Superior Ferroelectric Property. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Layer engineering with different layer numbers inside Aurivillius-type layered structure, similar to interface engineering in heterojunctions or superlattices, can give rise to excellent physical properties due to the correlated layer-stacked interfaces of two different layer phases with different strain states. In this work, using the solid-state reactions from Aurivillius-type Bi3TiNbO9 (2-layer) and Bi4Ti3O12 (3-layer) ferroelectric powder mixtures, single-phase compound of Bi7Ti4NbO21 with an intergrowth structure of 2-layer and 3-layer perovskite slabs sandwiched between the Bi-O layers was synthesized and the effects of this layer-engineered strategy on the structure, Raman-vibration and ferroelectric properties were systematically investigated. The mostly-ordered intergrowth phase was observed clearly by utilizing X-ray diffraction and advanced electron micro-techniques. Uniformly dispersions and collaborative vibrations of Ti and Nb ions in the layer-engineered Bi7Ti4NbO21 were demonstrated. Remarkably, dielectric and ferroelectric properties were also recorded and an enhanced ferroelectric response was found in the layer-engineered mixed-layer sample with high ferroelectric Curie temperature, compared with the homogeneous 2-layer and 3-layer samples. Analyses of the Raman spectra and atomic structures confirmed that the performance improvement of the layer-engineered sample is intrinsic to the correlated layer-stacked interfaces inside the Aurivillius-type layered oxides, arising from strain-induced lattice distortions at the interfaces.
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40
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Deterministic reversal of single magnetic vortex circulation by an electric field. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1260-1267. [PMID: 36747413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control magnetic vortex is critical for their potential applications in spintronic devices. Traditional methods including magnetic field, spin-polarized current etc. have been used to flip the core and/or reverse circulation of vortex. However, it is challenging for deterministic electric-field control of the single magnetic vortex textures with time-reversal broken symmetry and no planar magnetic anisotropy. Here it is reported that a deterministic reversal of single magnetic vortex circulation can be driven back and forth by a space-varying strain in multiferroic heterostructures, which is controlled by using a bi-axial pulsed electric field. Phase-field simulation reveals the mechanism of the emerging magnetoelastic energy with the space variation and visualizes the reversal pathway of the vortex. This deterministic electric-field control of the single magnetic vortex textures demonstrates a new approach to integrate the low-dimensional spin texture into the magnetoelectric thin film devices with low energy consumption.
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41
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Jung J, Kim SH, Park Y, Lee D, Lee J. Metal-Halide Perovskite Design for Next-Generation Memories: First-Principles Screening and Experimental Verification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001367. [PMID: 32832372 PMCID: PMC7435252 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Memory devices have been advanced so much, but still it is highly required to find stable and reliable materials with low-power consumption. Halide perovskites (HPs) have been recently adopted for memory application since they have advantages of fast switching based on ionic motion in crystal structure. However, HPs also suffer from poor stability, so it is necessary to improve the stability of HPs. In this regard, combined first-principles screening and experimental verification are performed to design HPs that have high environmental stability and low-operating voltage for memory devices. First-principles screening identifies 2D layered AB2X5 structure as the best candidate switching layer for memory devices, because it has lower formation energy and defect formation energy than 3D ABX3 or other layered structures (A3B2X7, A2BX4). To verify results, all-inorganic 2D layered CsPb2Br5 is synthesized and used in memory devices. The memory devices that use CsPb2Br5 show much better stability and lower operating voltages than devices that use CsPbBr3. These findings are expected to provide new opportunity to design materials for reliable device applications based on calculation, screening, and experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju‐Hyun Jung
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
| | - Youngjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials SciencePohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
| | - Jang‐Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
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42
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Mao K, Zhang J, Guo Z, Liu L, Ma H, Chin Y, Lin H, Bao S, Xie H, Yang R, Jing Z, Shen J, Yuan G, Chen J, Wu P, Wu X. Constructing Asymmetrical Ni-Centered {NiN 2O 4} Octahedra in Layered Metal-Organic Structures for Near-Room-Temperature Single-Phase Magnetoelectricity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12841-12849. [PMID: 32602708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Layered metal-organic structures (LMOSs) as magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics have been of great importance for realizing new functional devices in nanoelectronics. Until now, however, achieving such room-temperature and single-phase ME multiferroics in LMOSs have proven challenging due to low transition temperature, poor spontaneous polarization, and weak ME coupling effect. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a LMOS in which four Ni-centered {NiN2O4} octahedra form in layer with asymmetric distortions using the coordination bonds between diphenylalanine molecules and transition metal Ni(II). Near room-temperature (283 K) ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are observed to be both spontaneous and hysteretic. Particularly, the multiferroic LMOS exhibits strong magnetic-field-dependent ME polarization with low-magnetic-field control. The change in ME polarization with increasing applied magnetic field μ0H from 0 to 2 T decreases linearly from 0.041 to 0.011 μC/cm2 at the strongest ME coupling temperature of 251 K. The magnetic domains can be manipulated directly by applied electric field at 283 K. The asymmetrical distortion of Ni-centered octahedron in layer spurs electric polarization and ME effect and reduces spin frustration in the octahedral geometry due to spin-charge-orbital coupling. Our results represent an important step toward the production of room-temperature single-phase organic ME multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,School and Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lizhe Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - He Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yiying Chin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hongji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Songsong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hangqing Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Run Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiancang Shen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Bassiri-Gharb
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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44
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Li M, Tan H, Duan W. Hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites: a review of improper ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric coupling, and unusual domain walls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14415-14432. [PMID: 32584340 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites are well-known improper ferroelectrics with low-temperature antiferromagnetism/weak ferromagnetism. In recent decades, new multi-functional device concepts and applications have provoked the exploration for multiferroics which simultaneously possess ferroelectric and magnetic orders. As a promising platform for multiferroicity, hexagonal manganites and ferrites are attracting great research interest among the fundamental scientific and technological communities. Moreover, the novel type of vortex-like ferroelectric domain walls are locked to the antiphase structural domain walls, providing an extra degree of freedom to tune the magnetoelectric coupling and other properties such as conductance. Here, we summarize the main experimental achievements and up-to-date theoretical understanding of the ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties, as well as the intriguing domain patterns in hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites. Recent work on non-stoichiometric compounds will also be briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Li
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of physical sciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
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46
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Jin C, Geng W, Wang L, Han W, Zheng D, Hu S, Ye M, Xu Z, Ji Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Wang G, Tang Y, Zhu Y, Ma X, Chen L. Tuning ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in BiFeO 3/BiMnO 3 superlattices. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9810-9816. [PMID: 32329477 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials with multifunctional characteristics play a critical role in the field of microelectronics. In a perovskite oxide, ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetism usually cannot coexist in a single-phase material at the same time. In this work, we design a superlattice structure composed of alternating BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 layers and illustrate how tuning the supercell size of epitaxial BiFeO3/BiMnO3 superlattices facilitates ferroelectric polarization while maintaining relatively strong ferromagnetism. A comprehensive investigation reveals that the enhanced ferroelectric polarization of BiMnO3 layers originates from the induction effect induced by a strong polarization field generated by the adjacent ferroelectric BiFeO3 layers. For the magnetic behavior, we consider the existence of interfacial antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction of Fe-O-Mn between BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 layers in our superlattices. This modulation effect of artificial superlattices provides a platform to accurately control the multiple order parameters in a multiferroic oxide system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Jin
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150081, China
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47
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Spaldin NA. Multiferroics beyond electric-field control of magnetism. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20190542. [PMID: 32082059 PMCID: PMC7016559 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiferroic materials, with their combined and coupled magnetism and ferroelectricity, provide a playground for studying new physics and chemistry as well as a platform for the development of novel devices and technologies. Based on my July 2017 Royal Society Inaugural Lecture, I review recent progress and propose future directions in the fundamentals and applications of multiferroics, with a focus on initially unanticipated developments outside of the core activity of electric-field control of magnetism.
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48
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Kim YJ, Konishi S, Hayasaka Y, Kakeya I, Tanaka K. Magnetic and electrical properties of LuFe2O4 epitaxial thin films with a self-assembled interface structure. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01666j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin film of LuFe2O4, one of multiferroics, deposited on an yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate shows a unique interface structure, leading to an exchange bias effect. The thin film itself undergoes spin glass or cluster glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Kim
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Shinya Konishi
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | | | - Itsuhiro Kakeya
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Graduated School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Tanaka
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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49
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Nordlander J, Campanini M, Rossell MD, Erni R, Meier QN, Cano A, Spaldin NA, Fiebig M, Trassin M. The ultrathin limit of improper ferroelectricity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5591. [PMID: 31811133 PMCID: PMC6897979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary nature of polarization in improper ferroelectrics promotes functional properties beyond those of conventional ferroelectrics. In technologically relevant ultrathin films, however, the improper ferroelectric behavior remains largely unexplored. Here, we probe the emergence of the coupled improper polarization and primary distortive order parameter in thin films of hexagonal YMnO3. Combining state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques separately addressing the improper ferroelectric state and its distortive driving force, we reveal a pronounced thickness dependence of the improper polarization, which we show to originate from the strong modification of the primary order at epitaxial interfaces. Nanoscale confinement effects on the primary order parameter reduce the temperature of the phase transition, which we exploit to visualize its order-disorder character with atomic resolution. Our results advance the understanding of the evolution of improper ferroelectricity within the confinement of ultrathin films, which is essential for their successful implementation in nanoscale applications. Evolution of improper ferroelectricity within the confinement of ultrathin films is essential for their successful implementation in nanoscale applications. Here, the authors show thickness dependence of the improper polarization originating from the strong modification of the primary order at epitaxial interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - M Campanini
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Q N Meier
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Cano
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institut Néel, CNRS, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - N A Spaldin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Li L, Xie L, Pan X. Real-time studies of ferroelectric domain switching: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:126502. [PMID: 31185460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab28de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have been utilized in a broad range of electronic, optical, and electromechanical applications and hold the promise for the design of future high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. The applications of ferroelectric materials stem from the ability to switch polarized domains by applying an electric field, and therefore a fundamental understanding of the switching dynamics is critical for design of practical devices. In this review, we summarize the progress in the study of the microscopic process of ferroelectric domain switching using recently developed in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We first briefly introduce the instrumentation, experimental procedures, imaging mechanisms, and analytical methods of the state-of-the-art in situ TEM techniques. The application of these techniques to studying a wide range of complex switching phenomena, including domain nucleation, domain wall motion, domain relaxation, domain-defect interaction, and the interplay between different types of domains, is demonstrated. The underlying physics of these dynamic processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linze Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
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