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Wu IC, Liou JW, Yang CH, Chen JH, Chen KY, Hung CH. Self-assembly of gelatin and collagen in the polyvinyl alcohol substrate and its influence on cell adhesion, proliferation, shape, spreading and differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1193849. [PMID: 37520293 PMCID: PMC10375239 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1193849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture substrates display profound influence on biological and developmental characteristic of cells cultured in vitro. This study investigates the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrates blended with different concentration of collagen or/and gelatin on the cell adhesion, proliferation, shape, spreading, and differentiation of stem cells. The collagen/gelatin blended PVA substrates were prepared by air drying. During drying, blended collagen or/and gelatin can self-assemble into macro-scale nucleated particles or branched fibrils in the PVA substrates that can be observed under the optical microscope. These collagen/gelatin blended substrates revealed different surface topography, z-average, roughness, surface adhesion and Young's modulus as examined by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that the absorption of amide I (1,600-1,700 cm-1) and amide II (1,500-1,600 cm-1) groups increased with increasing collagen and gelatin concentration blended and the potential of fibril formation. These collagen or/and gelatin blended PVA substrates showed enhanced NIH-3T3 fibroblast adhesion as comparing with the pure PVA, control tissue culture polystyrene, conventional collagen-coated and gelatin-coated wells. These highly adhesive PVA substrates also exhibit inhibited cell spreading and proliferation. It is also found that the shape of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts can be switched between oval, spindle and flattened shapes depending on the concentration of collagen or/and gelatin blended. For inductive differentiation of stem cells, it is found that number and ration of neural differentiation of rat cerebral cortical neural stem cells increase with the decreasing collagen concentration in the collagen-blended PVA substrates. Moreover, the PVA substrates blended with collagen or collagen and gelatin can efficiently support and conduct human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into Oil-Red-O- and UCP-1-positive brown-adipocyte-like cells via ectodermal lineage without the addition of mitogenic factors. These results provide a useful and alternative platform for controlling cell behavior in vitro and may be helpful for future application in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Plastic Surgery Division, Surgical Department, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wen Liou
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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2
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Wang T, Yu T, Tsai CY, Hong ZY, Chao WH, Su YS, Subbiah SK, Renuka RR, Hsu ST, Wu GJ, Higuchi A. Xeno-free culture and proliferation of hPSCs on 2D biomaterials. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:63-107. [PMID: 37678982 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)) have unlimited proliferative potential, whereas adult stem cells such as bone marrow-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells have problems with aging. When hPSCs are intended to be cultured on feeder-free or xeno-free conditions without utilizing mouse embryonic fibroblasts or human fibroblasts, they cannot be cultured on conventional tissue culture polystyrene dishes, as adult stem cells can be cultured but should be cultivated on material surfaces grafted or coated with (a) natural or recombinant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, (b) ECM protein-derived peptides and specific synthetic polymer surfaces in xeno-free and/or chemically defined conditions. This review describes current developing cell culture biomaterials for the proliferation of hPSCs while maintaining the pluripotency and differentiation potential of the cells into 3 germ layers. Biomaterials for the cultivation of hPSCs without utilizing a feeder layer are essential to decrease the risk of xenogenic molecules, which contributes to the potential clinical usage of hPSCs. ECM proteins such as human recombinant vitronectin, laminin-511 and laminin-521 have been utilized instead of Matrigel for the feeder-free cultivation of hPSCs. The following biomaterials are also discussed for hPSC cultivation: (a) decellularized ECM, (b) peptide-grafted biomaterials derived from ECM proteins, (c) recombinant E-cadherin-coated surface, (d) polysaccharide-immobilized surface, (e) synthetic polymer surfaces with and without bioactive sites, (f) thermoresponsive polymer surfaces with and without bioactive sites, and (g) synthetic microfibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Yu Hong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuo Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Remya Rajan Renuka
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Pingjen City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Pan Y, Zhou D, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Song Y. Emerging trends in organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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4
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Barnes AM, Holmstoen TB, Bonham AJ, Rowland TJ. Differentiating Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes Using Purified Extracellular Matrix Proteins. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120720. [PMID: 36550926 PMCID: PMC9774171 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs, respectively), which hold great promise for cardiac regenerative medicine and disease modeling efforts. However, the most widely employed differentiation protocols require undefined substrates that are derived from xenogeneic (animal) products, contaminating resultant hESC- and iPSC-CM cultures with xenogeneic proteins and limiting their clinical applicability. Additionally, typical hESC- and iPSC-CM protocols produce CMs that are significantly contaminated by non-CMs and that are immature, requiring lengthy maturation procedures. In this review, we will summarize recent studies that have investigated the ability of purified extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to support hESC- and iPSC-CM differentiation, with a focus on commercially available ECM proteins and coatings to make such protocols widely available to researchers. The most promising of the substrates reviewed here include laminin-521 with laminin-221 together or Synthemax (a synthetic vitronectin-based peptide coating), which both resulted in highly pure CM cultures. Future efforts are needed to determine whether combinations of specific purified ECM proteins or derived peptides could further improve CM maturation and culture times, and significantly improve hESC- and iPSC-CM differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlynn M. Barnes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tessa B. Holmstoen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew J. Bonham
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Teisha J. Rowland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Xie Y, Yao J, Jin W, Ren L, Li X. Induction and Maturation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells In Vitro: Focus on Technological Advances and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765980. [PMID: 34901010 PMCID: PMC8662991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the poor proliferation and restricted sources of adult hepatocytes, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for proliferation and cultivation of mature hepatocytes in vitro for use in disease treatment, drug approval, and toxicity testing. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), which originate from undifferentiated stem cells or modified adult cells, are considered good candidates because of their advantages in terms of cell source and in vitro expansion ability. However, the majority of induced HLCs are in an immature state, and their degree of differentiation is heterogeneous, diminishing their usability in basic research and limiting their clinical application. Therefore, various methods have been developed to promote the maturation of HLCs, including chemical approaches, alteration of cell culture systems, and genetic manipulation, to meet the needs of in vivo transplantation and in vitro model establishment. This review proposes different cell types for the induction of HLCs, and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques to promote the generation and maturation of HLCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Kusena JWT, Shariatzadeh M, Thomas RJ, Wilson SL. Understanding cell culture dynamics: a tool for defining protocol parameters for improved processes and efficient manufacturing using human embryonic stem cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:979-996. [PMID: 33757391 PMCID: PMC8806349 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1902696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization is crucial when culturing cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) which are valuable for therapy development and disease modeling. Inherent issues regarding reproducibility of protocols are problematic as they hinder translation to good manufacturing practice (GMP), thus reducing clinical efficacy and uptake. Pluripotent cultures require standardization to ensure that input material is consistent prior to differentiation, as inconsistency of input cells creates end-product variation. To improve protocols, developers first must understand the cells they are working with and their related culture dynamics. This innovative work highlights key conditions required for optimized and cost-effective bioprocesses compared to generic protocols typically implemented. This entailed investigating conditions affecting growth, metabolism, and phenotype dynamics to ensure cell quality is appropriate for use. Results revealed critical process parameters (CPPs) including feeding regime and seeding density impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) including specific metabolic rate (SMR) and specific growth rate (SGR). This implied that process understanding, and control is essential to maintain key cell characteristics, reduce process variation and retain CQAs. Examination of cell dynamics and CPPs permitted the formation of a defined protocol for culturing H9 hESCs. The authors recommend that H9 seeding densities of 20,000 cells/cm2, four-day cultures or three-day cultures following a recovery passage from cryopreservation and 100% medium exchange after 48 hours are optimal. These parameters gave ~SGR of 0.018 hour-1 ± 1.5x10-3 over three days and cell viabilities ≥95%±0.4, while producing cells which highly expressed pluripotent and proliferation markers, Oct3/4 (>99% positive) and Ki-67 (>99% positive).
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Affiliation(s)
- J W T Kusena
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - M Shariatzadeh
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R J Thomas
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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7
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Kulus M, Sibiak R, Stefańska K, Zdun M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Jaśkowski JM, Bukowska D, Ratajczak K, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues-Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123278. [PMID: 34943786 PMCID: PMC8699543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There are many sources of MSCs, of which cells of perinatal origin appear to be an invaluable pool. Compared to embryonic stem cells, they are devoid of ethical conflicts because they are derived from tissues surrounding the fetus and can be safely recovered from medical waste after delivery. Additionally, perinatal MSCs exhibit better self-renewal and differentiation properties than those derived from adult tissues. It is important to consider the anatomy of perinatal tissues and the general description of MSCs, including their isolation, differentiation, and characterization of different types of perinatal MSCs from both animals and humans (placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid). Ultimately, signaling pathways are essential to consider regarding the clinical applications of MSCs. It is important to consider the origin of these cells, referring to the anatomical structure of the organs of origin, when describing the general and specific characteristics of the different types of MSCs as well as the pathways involved in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Maciej Zdun
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Kornel Ratajczak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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8
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Rajool Dezfuly A, Safaee A, Salehi H. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles' miRNAs on retinal regeneration: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:530. [PMID: 34620234 PMCID: PMC8499475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which consist of microvesicles and exosomes, are secreted from all cells to transform vital information in the form of lipids, proteins, mRNAs and small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Many studies demonstrated that EVs' miRNAs have effects on target cells. Numerous people suffer from the blindness caused by retinal degenerations. The death of retinal neurons is irreversible and creates permanent damage to the retina. In the absence of acceptable cures for retinal degenerative diseases, stem cells and their paracrine agents including EVs have become a promising therapeutic approach. Several studies showed that the therapeutic effects of stem cells are due to the miRNAs of their EVs. Considering the effects of microRNAs in retinal cells development and function and studies which provide the possible roles of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs miRNA content on retinal diseases, we focused on the similarities between these two groups of miRNAs that could be helpful for promoting new therapeutic techniques for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajool Dezfuly
- Department of Anatomical and Molecular Biology Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Safaee
- Department of Anatomical and Molecular Biology Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical and Molecular Biology Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Łach K, Cebulski J, Chaber R, Kocan B, Wojnarowska-Nowak R, Banaś-Ząbczyk A. First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. J Med Phys 2021; 46:253-262. [PMID: 35261495 PMCID: PMC8853457 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_57_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we hypothesize that exposure of adipose tissue-mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) to electromagnetic field (EMF) may impact adipose stem cells' micromolecular structure (analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]). Materials and Methods: The AT-MSCs were exposed to continuous vertically applied sinusoidal EMF with a frequency of 50 Hz and a flux density of 1.5 mT for 24, 48, and 72 h. After an appropriate time (24, 48, 72 h) cells were washed with PBS, scrubbed, and immediately taken into FTIR analyses. Results: EMFs affect AT-MSCs. The greatest differences were in the range of nucleic acids and proteins in the fingerprint region which occurred after 24 and 48 h of EMF exposure. However, in the case of 72 h of EMF exposure, no significant differences were noticed in the FTIR spectra towards the control. Conclusions: FTIR spectra show differences between samples under the influence of EMF before they will be manifested at the morphological level. The largest differences in the range of nucleic acids and proteins in the fingerprint region occurred at 24 and 48 h of EMF exposure. That means it was during the first 48 h after EMF exposure a great number of dynamic changes occurred. However, in the case of AT-MSCs in 72 h EMF and 72 h control, no significant differences were noted in the FTIR spectra, which means that the chemical composition in these two cases is similar. EMF is not neutral for stem cells, especially in the in the first hours of interaction (24 h, 48 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Łach
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Józef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Radosław Chaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beata Kocan
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Renata Wojnarowska-Nowak
- Institute of Material Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1
| | - Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Al. Mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Changes in Methylation Patterns of Tumor Suppressor Genes during Extended Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5575185. [PMID: 34552632 PMCID: PMC8452414 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While studies on embryonic stem cells have been actively conducted, little is known about the epigenetic mechanisms in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in extended culture systems. Here, we investigated whether CpG island (CGI) methylation patterns of 24 tumor suppressor genes could be maintained during extended hESC cultures. In total, 10 hESC lines were analyzed. For each cell line, genomic DNA was extracted from early and late passages of cell cultures. CGI methylation levels of 24 tumor suppressor genes were analyzed using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), pyrosequencing, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Different CGI methylation patterns of CASP8, FHIT, and CHFR genes were identified in between early and late passages in some hESC lines. CGI methylation levels of CASP8 significantly increased at late passage in CHA-36, CHA-40, and CHA-42 cell lines compared to those at early passage. The CGI methylation of the FHIT gene was higher at late passage than at early passage in CHA-15, CHA-31, CHA-32, and iPS (FS)-1 cell lines but decreased at the late passage in CHA-20 and H1 cell lines. Different CGI methylation patterns were detected for the CHFR gene only in iPS (FS)-1, and the level significantly increased at late passage. Thus, our findings show that CGI methylation patterns could be altered during prolonged ESC cultures and examining these epigenetic changes is important to assess the maintenance, differentiation, and clinical usage of stem cells.
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Cortez‐Jugo C, Czuba‐Wojnilowicz E, Tan A, Caruso F. A Focus on "Bio" in Bio-Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100574. [PMID: 34170631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as the biointerface. Fundamental studies on the influence of nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, on the interaction with the biointerface have been central in bio-nanoscience to assess nanomaterial efficacy and safety for a range of biomedical applications. However, the state of the cells, tissues, or biological models can also influence the behavior of nanomaterials at the biointerface and their intracellular processing. Focusing on the "bio" in bio-nano, this review discusses the impact of biological properties at the cellular, tissue, and whole organism level that influences nanomaterial behavior, including cell type, cell cycle, tumor physiology, and disease states. Understanding how the biological factors can be addressed or exploited to enhance nanomaterial accumulation and uptake can guide the design of better and suitable models to improve the outcomes of materials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba‐Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Abigail Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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12
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Li H, Gao L, Du J, Ma T, Ye Z, Li Z. To Better Generate Organoids, What Can We Learn From Teratomas? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700482. [PMID: 34336851 PMCID: PMC8324104 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic profile of animal models is not completely matched with the genomic profile of humans, and 2D cultures do not represent the cellular heterogeneity and tissue architecture found in tissues of their origin. Derived from 3D culture systems, organoids establish a crucial bridge between 2D cell cultures and in vivo animal models. Organoids have wide and promising applications in developmental research, disease modeling, drug screening, precision therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, current organoids represent only single or partial components of a tissue, which lack blood vessels, native microenvironment, communication with near tissues, and a continuous dorsal-ventral axis within 3D culture systems. Although efforts have been made to solve these problems, unfortunately, there is no ideal method. Teratoma, which has been frequently studied in pathological conditions, was recently discovered as a new in vivo model for developmental studies. In contrast to organoids, teratomas have vascularized 3D structures and regions of complex tissue-like organization. Studies have demonstrated that teratomas can be used to mimic multilineage human development, enrich specific somatic progenitor/stem cells, and even generate brain organoids. These results provide unique opportunities to promote our understanding of the vascularization and maturation of organoids. In this review, we first summarize the basic characteristics, applications, and limitations of both organoids and teratomas and further discuss the possibility that in vivo teratoma systems can be used to promote the vascularization and maturation of organoids within an in vitro 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Tanaka J, Mishima K. Application of regenerative medicine to salivary gland hypofunction. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:54-59. [PMID: 33995711 PMCID: PMC8102160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry mouth results from hypofunction of the salivary glands due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS), various medications, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In severe cases of salivary gland hypofunction, sialagogues are not always effective due to the loss of salivary parenchyma. Therefore, regenerative medicine using stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for severe cases. Stem cells are classified into three groups: tissue stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Tissue stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and salivary stem/progenitor cells, could rescue irradiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction. Both HSCs and MSCs can rescue salivary gland hypofunction through soluble factors in a paracrine manner, while salivary stem/progenitor cells can reconstitute the damaged salivary glands. In fact, we clarified that CD133-positive cells in mouse submandibular glands showed stem cell features, which reconstituted the damaged salivary glands. Furthermore, we focused on the challenge of producing functional salivary glands that are three-dimensionally induced from mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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14
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Handling Protocols: Maintenance, Expansion, and Cryopreservation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:1-15. [PMID: 33837517 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an invaluable resource for basic research, disease modeling, and drug discovery over recent years. Given the numerous advantages of iPSCs over alternative models-including their human origin, their ability to be differentiated into almost any cell type, and the therapeutic potential of patient-specific iPSCs in personalized medicine-many labs are now considering iPSC models for their studies. As the quality of the starting population of iPSCs is a key determinant in the success of any one of these applications, it is crucial to adhere to best practices in iPSC culture. In the following protocol, we offer a comprehensive guide to the culture, cryopreservation, and quality control methods required for the establishment and maintenance of high-quality iPSC cultures.
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15
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Priester C, MacDonald A, Dhar M, Bow A. Examining the Characteristics and Applications of Mesenchymal, Induced Pluripotent, and Embryonic Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Approaches across the Germ Layers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E344. [PMID: 33114710 PMCID: PMC7692540 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine utilizes a wide array of technologies and techniques for repairing and restoring function to damaged tissues. Among these, stem cells offer one of the most potent and promising biological tools to facilitate such goals. Implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer varying advantages based on availability and efficacy in the target tissue. The focus of this review is to discuss characteristics of these three subset stem cell populations and examine their utility in tissue engineering. In particular, the development of therapeutics that utilize cell-based approaches, divided by germinal layer to further assess research targeting specific tissues of the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. The combinatorial application of MSCs, iPSCs, and ESCs with natural and synthetic scaffold technologies can enhance the reparative capacity and survival of implanted cells. Continued efforts to generate more standardized approaches for these cells may provide improved study-to-study variations on implementation, thereby increasing the clinical translatability of cell-based therapeutics. Coupling clinically translatable research with commercially oriented methods offers the potential to drastically advance medical treatments for multiple diseases and injuries, improving the quality of life for many individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Priester
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37998, USA;
| | - Amber MacDonald
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Austin Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
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16
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Navarro-Tableros V, Gai C, Gomez Y, Giunti S, Pasquino C, Deregibus MC, Tapparo M, Pitino A, Tetta C, Brizzi MF, Ricordi C, Camussi G. Islet-Like Structures Generated In Vitro from Adult Human Liver Stem Cells Revert Hyperglycemia in Diabetic SCID Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:93-111. [PMID: 30191384 PMCID: PMC6510809 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes is the transplantation of induced-insulin secreting cells. Based on the common embryonic origin of liver and pancreas, we studied the potential of adult human liver stem-like cells (HLSC) to generate in vitro insulin-producing 3D spheroid structures (HLSC-ILS). HLSC-ILS were generated by a one-step protocol based on charge dependent aggregation of HLSC induced by protamine. 3D aggregation promoted the spontaneous differentiation into cells expressing insulin and several key markers of pancreatic β cells. HLSC-ILS showed endocrine granules similar to those seen in human β cells. In static and dynamic in vitro conditions, such structures produced C-peptide after stimulation with high glucose. HLSC-ILS significantly reduced hyperglycemia and restored a normo-glycemic profile when implanted in streptozotocin-diabetic SCID mice. Diabetic mice expressed human C-peptide and very low or undetectable levels of murine C-peptide. Hyperglycemia and a diabetic profile were restored after HLSC-ISL explant. The gene expression profile of in vitro generated HLSC-ILS showed a differentiation from HLSC profile and an endocrine commitment with the enhanced expression of several markers of β cell differentiation. The comparative analysis of gene expression profiles after 2 and 4 weeks of in vivo implantation showed a further β-cell differentiation, with a genetic profile still immature but closer to that of human islets. In conclusion, protamine-induced spheroid aggregation of HLSC triggers a spontaneous differentiation to an endocrine phenotype. Although the in vitro differentiated HLSC-ILS were immature, they responded to high glucose with insulin secretion and in vivo reversed hyperglycemia in diabetic SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Navarro-Tableros
- 2i3T - Scarl.-Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Yonathan Gomez
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Giunti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pasquino
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, MBC, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- 2i3T - Scarl.-Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Pitino
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, MBC, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy. .,Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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17
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Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Gunnarsdottir K, Sigurjonsson OE. Human Embryonic-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (hES-MP Cells) are Fully Supported in Culture with Human Platelet Lysates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030075. [PMID: 32698321 PMCID: PMC7552691 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells are mesenchymal-like cells, derived from human embryonic stem cells without the aid of feeder cells. They have been suggested as a potential alternative to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine due to their mesenchymal-like proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Cells and cell products intended for regenerative medicine in humans should be derived, expanded and differentiated using conditions free of animal-derived products to minimize risk of animal-transmitted disease and immune reactions to foreign proteins. Human platelets are rich in growth factors needed for cell culture and have been used successfully as an animal serum replacement for MSC expansion and differentiation. In this study, we compared the proliferation of hES-MP cells and MSCs; the hES-MP cell growth was sustained for longer than that of MSCs. Growth factors, gene expression, and surface marker expression in hES-MP cells cultured with either human platelet lysate (hPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation were compared, along with differentiation to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Despite some differences between hES-MP cells grown in hPL- and FBS-supplemented media, hPL was found to be a suitable replacement for FBS. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that hES-MP cells can be grown using platelet lysates from expired platelet concentrates (hPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427
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18
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Zhang W, Riches P, Li B, Shu W. 3D biofabrication for soft tissue and cartilage engineering. Med Eng Phys 2020; 82:13-39. [PMID: 32709263 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue injuries (STIs) affect patients of all age groups and represent a common worldwide clinical problem, resulting from conditions including trauma, infection, cancer and burns. Within the spectrum of STIs a mixture of tissues can be injured, ranging from skin to underlying nerves, blood vessels, tendons and cartilaginous tissues. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for soft tissue and cartilage regenerative therapies continues to rise. Improving the regeneration of soft tissues has therefore become a key area of focus within tissue engineering. As an emerging technology, 3D bioprinting can be used to build complex soft tissue constructs "from the bottom up," by depositing cells, growth factors, extracellular matrices and other biomaterials in a layer-by-layer fashion. In this way, regeneration of cartilage, skin, vasculature, nerves, tendons and other bodily tissues can be performed in a patient specific manner. This review will focus on recent use of 3D bioprinting and other biofabrication strategies in soft tissue repair and regeneration. Biofabrication of a variety of soft tissue types will be reviewed following an overview of available cell sources, bioinks and bioprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom.
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19
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Babaie A, Lumicisi J, Thissen H, Wang PY, Sumer H, Kingshott P. Binary Colloidal Crystal (BCC) Substrates for Controlling the Fate of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111133. [PMID: 32554259 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of stem cells with surface topography can give us an invaluable tool in controlling stemness and fate of stem cells for further use in biomedical applications. In this study, we have fabricated topographical features using a class of cell culture substrates called binary colloidal crystals (BCCs), that are made by self-assembly of mixtures of spherical micron sized silica (Si) and nanometer sized polystyrene (PS) or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The substrates formed are arrays of ordered, hexagonally packed large Si particles inter-dispersed with the PS particles that are stabilized by gentle heating, which melts the PS or PMMA forming substrates suitable for cell culture. BCC substrates were used for culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Compared to tissue culture plates, COM1 (Si5-PMMA0.4), COM2 (Si5-PS0.4) and COM4 (Si2-PSC0.22) have shown to provide a better support for mESC proliferation in the presence of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The behavior of mESCs with the BCCs in presence and absence of LIF, was further explored and it was found that interaction of mESCs with the culture substrate can be controlled by tuning surface topography and roughness, which is determined by the size and type of particles used in making BCCs. Furthermore, it was shown that limiting cell-surface interactions and controlling colony shape can promote stemness maintenance on COM1 and COM2 substrates as indicated by better proliferation and higher expression of pluripotency genes including Nanog both in presence and in absence of LIF. Together with higher expression of GATA6 gene, it can be stated that these surfaces can be used for endodermic priming of mESCs. Therefore, we believe that these surfaces, especially COM1 and COM2 surfaces can be beneficial as stem cell culture systems for further use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Babaie
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - James Lumicisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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20
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Jeon K, Park K, Jetten AM. Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32009654 DOI: 10.3791/60571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has transformed the ability to study human development on both biological and molecular levels and provided cells for use in regenerative applications. Standard approaches for hESC culture using colony type culture to maintain undifferentiated hESCs and embryoid body (EB) and rosette formation for differentiation into different germ layers are inefficient and time-consuming. Presented here is a single-cell culture method using hESCs instead of a colony-type culture. This method allows maintenance of the characteristic features of undifferentiated hESCs, including expression of hESC markers at levels comparable to colony type hESCs. In addition, the protocol presents an efficient method for neural progenitor cell (NPC) generation from single-cell type hESCs that produces NPCs within 1 week. These cells highly express several NPC marker genes and can differentiate into various neural cell types, including dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. This single-cell culture system for hESCs will be useful in investigating the molecular mechanisms of these processes, studies of certain diseases, and drug discovery screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilsoo Jeon
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health;
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health;
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21
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Gomes SA, Hare JM, Rangel EB. Kidney-Derived c-Kit + Cells Possess Regenerative Potential. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 7:317-324. [PMID: 29575816 PMCID: PMC5866938 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney‐derived c‐Kit+ cells exhibit progenitor/stem cell properties in vitro (self‐renewal capacity, clonogenicity, and multipotentiality). These cells can regenerate epithelial tubular cells following ischemia‐reperfusion injury and accelerate foot processes effacement reversal in a model of acute proteinuria in rats. Several mechanisms are involved in kidney regeneration by kidney‐derived c‐Kit+ cells, including cell engraftment and differentiation into renal‐like structures, such as tubules, vessels, and podocytes. Moreover, paracrine mechanisms could also account for kidney regeneration, either by stimulating proliferation of surviving cells or modulating autophagy and podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement through mTOR‐Raptor and ‐Rictor signaling, which ultimately lead to morphological and functional improvement. To gain insights into the functional properties of c‐Kit+ cells during kidney development, homeostasis, and disease, studies on lineage tracing using transgenic mice will unveil their fate. The results obtained from these studies will set the basis for establishing further investigation on the therapeutic potential of c‐Kit+ cells for treatment of kidney disease in preclinical and clinical studies. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;7:317–324
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Affiliation(s)
- Samirah A Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Erika B Rangel
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Brown C, McKee C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Hakman E, Halassy S, Svinarich D, Dodds R, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell therapy and regeneration potential. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1738-1755. [PMID: 31216380 DOI: 10.1002/term.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells, routinely called mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), from various human tissues and organs have provided impetus to the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The most widely studied sources of MSCs include bone marrow, adipose, muscle, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid. According to the standard definition of MSCs, these clonal cells adhere to plastic, express cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers, and can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages in vitro. However, isolated MSCs have been reported to vary in their potency and self-renewal potential. As a result, the MSCs used for clinical applications often lead to variable or even conflicting results. The lack of uniform characterization methods both in vitro and in vivo also contributes to this confusion. Therefore, the name "MSCs" itself has been increasingly questioned lately. As the use of MSCs is expanding rapidly, there is an increasing need to understand the potential sources and specific potencies of MSCs. This review discusses and compares the characteristics of MSCs and suggests that the variations in their distinctive features are dependent on the source and method of isolation as well as epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth. We also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of MSC research with the hope to stimulate their use for therapeutic and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Eryk Hakman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - David Svinarich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA.,Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Robert Dodds
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Chhabi K Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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23
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that pre-vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs can significantly enhance their survival and engraftment upon transplantation. Endothelial cells (ECs), the basic component of vasculatures, are indispensable to the entire process of pre-vascularization. However, the source of ECs still poses an issue. Recent studies confirmed that diverse approaches are available in the derivation of ECs for tissue engineering, such as direct isolation of autologous ECs, reprogramming of somatic cells, and induced differentiation of stem cells in typology. Herein, we discussed a variety of human stem cells (i.e., totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent stem cells), which can be induced to differentiate into ECs and reviewed the multifarious approaches for EC generation, such as 3D EB formation for embryonic stem cells (ESCs), stem cell-somatic cell co-culture, and directed endothelial differentiation with growth factors in conventional 2D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Jiacai He
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
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Skeldon G, Lucendo-Villarin B, Shu W. Three-dimensional bioprinting of stem-cell derived tissues for human regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0224. [PMID: 29786559 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technology in regenerative medicine has the potential to provide an unlimited supply of cells for drug testing, medical transplantation and academic research. In order to engineer a realistic tissue model using stem cells as an alternative to human tissue, it is essential to create artificial stem cell microenvironment or niches. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising tissue engineering field that offers new opportunities to precisely place stem cells within their niches layer-by-layer. This review covers bioprinting technologies, the current development of 'bio-inks' and how bioprinting has already been applied to stem-cell culture, as well as their applications for human regenerative medicine. The key considerations for bioink properties such as stiffness, stability and biodegradation, biocompatibility and printability are highlighted. Bioprinting of both adult and pluriopotent stem cells for various types of artificial tissues from liver to brain has been reviewed. 3D bioprinting of stem-cell derived tissues for human regenerative medicine is an exciting emerging area that represents opportunities for new research, industries and products as well as future challenges in clinical translation.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Skeldon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK.,School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | | | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
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25
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Katayama M, Kiyono T, Kuroda K, Ueda K, Onuma M, Shirakawa H, Fukuda T. Rat-derived feeder cells immortalized by expression of mutant CDK4, cyclin D, and telomerase can support stem cell growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:945-956. [PMID: 30826331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of stem cells often requires the support of feeder cells. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have traditionally been used as feeder cells, and although these MEF-derived feeder cells have exhibited a reasonable performance, they require repeated cell isolation, since MEFs cannot expand indefinitely. To overcome this limitation, immortalized cells, such as STO cells, have been used. However, one major disadvantage is that previously reported immortalized cells can only support stem cell cultures for a relatively short period, typically 4 to 7 days. In this study, we found that our newly established rat-derived fibroblasts immortalized by the expression of mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, can function as feeder cells for relatively long cell culture periods of approximately 14 days. The rat-derived immortalized cells developed in this study should be a useful source of feeder cells to support stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Katayama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; National Institute for Environmental studies, Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kengo Kuroda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ueda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; National Institute for Environmental studies, Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- National Institute for Environmental studies, Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Iwate University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan; Soft-Path Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
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26
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Park SJ, Lee JH, Lee SG, Lee JE, Seo J, Choi JJ, Jung TH, Chung EB, Kim HN, Ju J, Song YH, Chung HM, Lee DR, Moon SH. Functional Equivalency in Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:623-630. [PMID: 30721559 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has prompted a re-emerging interest in using such cells for therapeutic cloning. Despite recent advancements in derivation protocols, the functional potential of CHA-NT4 derived cells is yet to be elucidated. For this reason, this study sought to differentiate CHA-NT4 cells toward an endothelial lineage in order to evaluate in vitro and in vivo functionality. To initial differentiation, embryoid body formation of CHA-NT4 was mediated by concave microwell system which was optimized for hESC-endothelial cell (EC) differentiation. The isolated CD31+ cells exhibited hallmark endothelial characteristics in terms of morphology, tubule formation, and ac-LDL uptake. Furthermore, CHA-NT4-derived EC (human nuclear transfer [hNT]-ESC-EC) transplantation in hind limb ischemic mice rescued the hind limb and restored blood perfusion. These findings suggest that hNT-ESC-EC are functionally equivalent to hESC-ECs, warranting further study of CHA-NT4 derivatives in comparison to other well established pluripotent stem cell lines. This revival of human SCNT-ESC research may lead to interesting insights into cellular behavior in relation to donor profile, mitochondrial DNA, and oocyte quality. Stem Cells 2019;37:623-630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeoung Eun Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Seo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Jin Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of research, BYON Co. Ltd., Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Hee Jung
- Division of research, BYON Co. Ltd., Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Chung
- Division of research, BYON Co. Ltd., Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongil Ju
- Department of R&D, Advanced Bio Micro (ABM) Scientific Co., Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Stem Cell Research, CHA Health Systems, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Siheung, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kessel S, Thakar N, Jia Z, Wolvetang EJ, Monteiro MJ. GRGD‐decorated three‐dimensional nanoworm hydrogels for culturing human embryonic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kessel
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Nilay Thakar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
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28
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Xu P, Wang J, Sun B, Xiao Z. Comprehensive analysis of miRNAs expression profiles revealed potential key miRNA/mRNAs regulating colorectal cancer stem cell self-renewal. Gene 2018; 656:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Matsuoka AJ, Sayed ZA, Stephanopoulos N, Berns EJ, Wadhwani AR, Morrissey ZD, Chadly DM, Kobayashi S, Edelbrock AN, Mashimo T, Miller CA, McGuire TL, Stupp SI, Kessler JA. Creating a stem cell niche in the inner ear using self-assembling peptide amphiphiles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190150. [PMID: 29284013 PMCID: PMC5746215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for regeneration of the spiral ganglion will require techniques for promoting otic neuronal progenitor (ONP) differentiation, anchoring of cells to anatomically appropriate and specific niches, and long-term cell survival after transplantation. In this study, we used self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules that display an IKVAV epitope (IKVAV-PA) to create a niche for hESC-derived ONPs that supported neuronal differentiation and survival both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into rodent inner ears. A feature of the IKVAV-PA gel is its ability to form organized nanofibers that promote directed neurite growth. Culture of hESC-derived ONPs in IKVAV-PA gels did not alter cell proliferation or viability. However, the presence of IKVAV-PA gels increased the number of cells expressing the neuronal marker beta-III tubulin and improved neurite extension. The self-assembly properties of the IKVAV-PA gel allowed it to be injected as a liquid into the inner ear to create a biophysical niche for transplanted cells after gelation in vivo. Injection of ONPs combined with IKVAV-PA into the modiolus of X-SCID rats increased survival and localization of the cells around the injection site compared to controls. Human cadaveric temporal bone studies demonstrated the technical feasibility of a transmastoid surgical approach for clinical intracochlear injection of the IKVAV-PA/ONP combination. Combining stem cell transplantation with injection of self-assembling PA gels to create a supportive niche may improve clinical approaches to spiral ganglion regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro J. Matsuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Hugh Knowles Center for Hearing Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zafar A. Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anil R. Wadhwani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zachery D. Morrissey
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Duncan M. Chadly
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shun Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N. Edelbrock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles A. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tammy L. McGuire
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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30
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Falconer D, Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Alfallouji Y, Lim WY, Providencia R, Tousoulis D. Biological therapies targeting arrhythmias: are cells and genes the answer? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:237-249. [PMID: 29202595 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1410130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arrhythmias can cause symptoms ranging from simple dizziness to life-threatening circulatory collapse. Current management includes medical therapy and procedures such as catheter ablation or device implantation. However, these strategies still pose a risk of serious side effects, and some patients remain symptomatic. Advancement in our understanding of how arrhythmias develop on the cellular level has made more targeted approaches possible. In addition, contemporary studies have found that several genes are involved in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors explore the cellular and genetic mechanisms leading to arrhythmias as well as the progress that has been made in using both gene and cell therapy to treat tachy- and bradyarrhythmias. They also consider why gene and cell therapy has resulted into a few clinical trials with promising results, however still not applicable in routine clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION The question currently is whether such biological therapies could replace current established approaches. The contemporary evidence suggests that despite recent advances in this field, it will need more work in experimental models before this is applied into clinical practice. Gene and cell studies targeting conduction and repolarization are promising, but still not ready for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Yao Lim
- b Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Rui Providencia
- b Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- d 1st Cardiology Department , Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece
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31
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Kugler J, Huhse B, Tralau T, Luch A. Embryonic stem cells and the next generation of developmental toxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:833-841. [PMID: 28675072 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1351548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of stem cell technology has seen the establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as molecular model systems and screening tools. Although ESCs are nowadays widely used in research, regulatory implementation for developmental toxicity testing is pending. Areas Covered: This review evaluates the performance of current ESC, including human (h)ESC testing systems, trying to elucidate their potential for developmental toxicity testing. It shall discuss defining parameters and mechanisms, their relevance and contemplate what can realistically be expected. Crucially this includes the question of how to ascertain the quality of currently employed cell lines and tests based thereon. Finally, the use of hESCs will raise ethical concerns which should be addressed early on. Expert Opinion: While the suitability of (h)ESCs as tools for research and development goes undisputed, any routine use for developmental toxicity testing currently still seems premature. The reasons for this comprise inherent biological deficiencies as well as cell line quality and system validation. Overcoming these issues will require collaboration of scientists, test developers and regulators. Also, validation needs to be made worthwhile for academia. Finally we have to continuously rethink existing strategies, making room for improved testing and innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kugler
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Bettina Huhse
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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32
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Tang Y, Yasuhara T, Hara K, Matsukawa N, Maki M, Yu G, Xu L, Hess DC, Borlongan CV. Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells: A Promising Therapy for Stroke. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major cause of death in the US and around the world. Over the last decade, stem cell therapy has been introduced as an experimental treatment for stroke. Transplantation of stem cells or progenitors into the injured site to replace the nonfunctional cells, and enhancement of proliferation or differentiation of endogenous stem or progenitor cells stand as the two major cell-based strategies. Potential sources of stem/progenitor cells for stroke include fetal neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, neuroteratocarcinoma cells, umbilical cord blood-derived nonhematopoietic stem cells, and bone marrow-derived stem cells. The goal of this article is to provide an update on the preclinical use of bone marrow-derived stem cells with major emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) because they are currently most widely applied in experimental stroke studies and are now being phased into early clinical trials. The phenotypic features of MSCs and MAPCs, as well as their application in stroke, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Koichi Hara
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mina Maki
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Guolong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C. Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research & Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research & Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
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33
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Sackett SD, Rodriguez A, Odorico JS. The Nexus of Stem Cell-Derived Beta-Cells and Genome Engineering. Rev Diabet Stud 2017. [PMID: 28632820 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2017.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, type 1 and type 2 (T1D and T2D), are diseases of epidemic proportions, which are complicated and defined by genetics, epigenetics, environment, and lifestyle choices. Current therapies consist of whole pancreas or islet transplantation. However, these approaches require life-time immunosuppression, and are compounded by the paucity of available donors. Pluripotent stem cells have advanced research in the fields of stem cell biology, drug development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, and importantly allows for the interrogation of therapeutic interventions. Recent developments in beta-cell differentiation and genomic modifications are now propelling investigations into the mechanisms behind beta-cell failure and autoimmunity, and offer new strategies for reducing the propensity for immunogenicity. This review discusses the derivation of endocrine lineage cells from human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of diabetes, and how the editing or manipulation of their genomes can transcend many of the remaining challenges of stem cell technologies, leading to superior transplantation and diabetes drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Sackett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Jon S Odorico
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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34
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Coelho de Oliveira VC, Silva dos Santos D, Vairo L, Kasai Brunswick TH, Pimentel LAS, Carvalho AB, Campos de Carvalho AC, Goldenberg RCDS. Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal cells support undifferentiated growth of embryonic stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1779-1788. [PMID: 28565767 PMCID: PMC5443186 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feeder layers composed of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHFDCs) are able to support human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hHFDCs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 and low-glucose DMEM, respectively. hHFDCs were passaged three times and subsequently characterized. hHFDCs and MEFs were mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C for 3 h prior to co-culture with H9-hESCs. hESCs were initially established on a mouse feeder layer, subsequently transferred onto a human feeder layer and split every 5 days. Cell morphology, expression of specific 'undifferentiation' markers and growth factors, and the differentiation capacity of hESCs grown on the hHFDC feeder layer were analyzed. hHFDCs are adherent to plastic, possess the classic mesenchymal stem cell phenotype [they express cluster of differentiation (CD)90, CD73 and CD105] and are able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteocytes, indicating that these cells are multipotent. Population-doubling time analysis revealed that hHFDCs rapidly proliferate over 34.5 h. As a feeder layer, hHFDC behaved similarly to MEF in maintaining the morphology of hESCs. The results of alkaline phosphatase activity, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of pluripotency transcription factors [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Nanog and sex determining region Y-box 2], and immunofluorescence assays of markers (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 and Oct4) in hESCs co-cultured over hHFDC, indicated that the undifferentiated state of hESCs was preserved. No change in the level of growth factor transcripts (bone morphogenetic protein 4, fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Pigment epithelium-derived factor and transforming growth factor-β1) was detected for either feeder layer prior to or following inactivation. Similar phenotypes of embryoid body formation, size and morphology were observed in the hHFDC and MEF feeders. In conclusion, hHFDC maintained hESCs in an undifferentiated state comparable to MEF in standard conditions, which may be an important finding regarding the establishment of stem cell-based translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danúbia Silva dos Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vairo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tais Hanae Kasai Brunswick
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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35
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Borowczyk-Michalowska J, Zimolag E, Waligorska A, Dobrucki J, Madeja Z, Drukala J. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 as a novel marker of ductal cells of human eccrine sweat glands. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1541-1548. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Borowczyk-Michalowska
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - E. Zimolag
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - A. Waligorska
- Department of Cell Biophysics; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - J. Dobrucki
- Department of Cell Biophysics; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Z. Madeja
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - J. Drukala
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
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Chen YM, Chen LH, Li MP, Li HF, Higuchi A, Kumar SS, Ling QD, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Chang Y, Benelli G, Murugan K, Umezawa A. Xeno-free culture of human pluripotent stem cells on oligopeptide-grafted hydrogels with various molecular designs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45146. [PMID: 28332572 PMCID: PMC5362828 DOI: 10.1038/srep45146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing cultures of human embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells in xeno-free conditions is essential for producing clinical-grade cells. Development of cell culture biomaterials for human ES and iPS cells is critical for this purpose. We designed several structures of oligopeptide-grafted poly (vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels with optimal elasticity, and prepared them in formations of single chain, single chain with joint segment, dual chain with joint segment, and branched-type chain. Oligopeptide sequences were selected from integrin- and glycosaminoglycan-binding domains of the extracellular matrix. The hydrogels grafted with vitronectin-derived oligopeptides having a joint segment or a dual chain, which has a storage modulus of 25 kPa, supported the long-term culture of human ES and iPS cells for over 10 passages. The dual chain and/or joint segment with cell adhesion molecules on the hydrogels facilitated the proliferation and pluripotency of human ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Pei Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fen Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan.,Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Slangor, Malaysia
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei, 221, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugan A Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200, Chung-Bei Rd., Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India.,Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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37
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Matsuoka AJ, Morrissey ZD, Zhang C, Homma K, Belmadani A, Miller CA, Chadly DM, Kobayashi S, Edelbrock AN, Tanaka‐Matakatsu M, Whitlon DS, Lyass L, McGuire TL, Stupp SI, Kessler JA. Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Placode-Derived Spiral Ganglion-Like Sensory Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:923-936. [PMID: 28186679 PMCID: PMC5442760 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from stem cells is a necessary prerequisite for development of cell-replacement therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. We present a protocol that directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a purified population of otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) and SGN-like cells. Between 82% and 95% of these cells express SGN molecular markers, they preferentially extend neurites to the cochlear nucleus rather than nonauditory nuclei, and they generate action potentials. The protocol follows an in vitro stepwise recapitulation of developmental events inherent to normal differentiation of hESCs into SGNs, resulting in efficient sequential generation of nonneuronal ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, early prosensory ONPs, late ONPs, and cells with cellular and molecular characteristics of human SGNs. We thus describe the sequential signaling pathways that generate the early and later lineage species in the human SGN lineage, thereby better describing key developmental processes. The results indicate that our protocol generates cells that closely replicate the phenotypic characteristics of human SGNs, advancing the process of guiding hESCs to states serving inner-ear cell-replacement therapies and possible next-generation hybrid auditory prostheses. © Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:923-936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro J. Matsuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Chaoying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Abdelhak Belmadani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological ChemistryChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Duncan M. Chadly
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Shun Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | - Donna S. Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Ljuba Lyass
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyChicagoILUSA
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNorthwestern University
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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38
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Kobayashi J, Yamato M, Okano T. On-off affinity binding modulation on thermoresponsive polymer-grafted surfaces for capture and release of proteins and cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:939-957. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1295508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Overview of retinal differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells: A promising approach for retinal cell therapy. Ann Anat 2016; 210:52-63. [PMID: 27986614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal disease caused by retinal cell apoptosis leads to irreversible vision loss. Stem cell investigation efforts have been made to solve and cure retinal disorders. There are several sources of stem cells which have been used in these experiments. Numerous studies demonstrated that transplanted stem cells can migrate into and integrate in different layers of retina. Among these, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were considered a promising source for cell therapy. Here, we review the literature assessing the potential of MSCs to differentiate into retinal cells in vivo and in vitro as well as their clinical application. However, more investigation is required to define the protocols that optimize stem cell differentiation and their functional integration in the retina.
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40
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Balachandar V, Dhivya V, Gomathi M, Mohanadevi S, Venkatesh B, Geetha B. A review of Rett syndrome (RTT) with induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:52. [PMID: 27777941 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are pluripotent stem cells generated from somatic cells by the introduction of a combination of pluripotency-associated genes such as OCT4, SOX2, along with either KLF4 and c-MYC or NANOG and LIN28 via retroviral or lentiviral vectors. Most importantly, hiPSCs are similar to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) functionally as they are pluripotent and can potentially differentiate into any desired cell type when provided with the appropriate cues, but do not have the ethical issues surrounding hESCs. For these reasons, hiPSCs have huge potential in translational medicine such as disease modeling, drug screening, and cellular therapy. Indeed, patient-specific hiPSCs have been generated for a multitude of diseases, including many with a neurological basis, in which disease phenotypes have been recapitulated in vitro and proof-of-principle drug screening has been performed. As the techniques for generating hiPSCs are refined and these cells become a more widely used tool for understanding brain development, the insights they produce must be understood in the context of the greater complexity of the human genome and the human brain. Disease models using iPS from Rett syndrome (RTT) patient's fibroblasts have opened up a new avenue of drug discovery for therapeutic treatment of RTT. The analysis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) upon differentiation of RTT-hiPSCs into neurons will be critical to conclusively demonstrate the isolation of pre-XCI RTT-hiPSCs in comparison to post-XCI RTT-hiPSCs. The current review projects on iPSC studies in RTT as well as XCI in hiPSC were it suggests for screening new potential therapeutic targets for RTT in future for the benefit of RTT patients. In conclusion, patient-specific drug screening might be feasible and would be particularly helpful in disorders where patients frequently have to try multiple drugs before finding a regimen that works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Dhivya
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Gomathi
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Mohanadevi
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharathi Geetha
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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41
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Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells heralds a new era in stem cell research, generating excitement for their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Pioneering work of embryologists, developmental biologists, and reproductive medicine practitioners in in vitro fertilization clinics has facilitated hES cell research. This review summarizes current research focused on optimizing hES cell culture conditions for good manufacturing practice, directing hES cell differentiation toward trophectoderm and germ cells, and approaches used to reprogram cells for pluripotent cell derivation. The identification of germ stem cells in the testis and the recent controversy over their existence in the ovary raise the possibility of harnessing them for treating young cancer survivors. There is also the potential to harvest fetal stem cells with pluripotent cell-like properties from discarded placental tissues. The recent identification of adult stem/progenitor cell activity in the human endometrium offers a new understanding of common gynecological diseases. Discoveries resulting from research into embryonic, germ, fetal, and adult stem cells are highly relevant to human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Gargett
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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42
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Leong MF, Lu HF, Lim TC, Narayanan K, Gao S, Wang LY, Toh RP, Funke H, Abdul Samad MH, Wan AC, Ying JY. Alginate Microfiber System for Expansion and Direct Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:884-94. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fatt Leong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Fang Lu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Chiun Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luna Yue Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca P.K. Toh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henrik Funke
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Andrew C.A. Wan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
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43
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Zhang D, Mai Q, Li T, Huang J, Ding C, Jia M, Zhou C, Xu Y. Comparison of a xeno-free and serum-free culture system for human embryonic stem cells with conventional culture systems. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:101. [PMID: 27474011 PMCID: PMC4967296 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elimination of all animal components during derivation and long-term culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is necessary for future applications of hESCs in clinical cell therapy. METHODS In this study, we established the culture system of xeno-free human foreskin fibroblast feeders (XF-HFF) in combination with chemically defined medium (CDM). XF-HFF/CDM was compared with several conventional culture systems. The hESCs cultured in different media were further characterized through karyotype analysis, pluripotency gene expression, and cell differentiation ability. RESULTS The hESCs in the XF-HFF/CDM maintained their characteristics including typical morphology and stable karyotype. In addition, hESCs were characterized by fluorescent immunostaining of pluripotent markers and teratoma formation in vivo. RT-PCR analysis shown that the stem cell markers OCT3/4, hTERT, SOX2, and Nanog were present in the cell line hESC-1 grown on XF-HFF/CDM. Furthermore, the results of cell growth and expression of bFGF, Oct-4, and hTERT indicated that XF-HFF/CDM had better performance than human serum-matrix/CDM and XF-HFF/human serum. CONCLUSION The comparison of different xeno-free culture conditions will facilitate clarifying the key features of self-renewal, pluripotency, and derivation and will shed light on clinic applications of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Jia
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Lucendo-Villarin B, Rashidi H, Cameron K, Hay DC. Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes: using materials to define cellular differentiation and tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3433-3442. [PMID: 27746914 PMCID: PMC5024673 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell derived liver cells (hepatocytes) represent a promising alternative to primary tissue for biological and clinical applications. To date, most hepatocyte maintenance and differentiation systems have relied upon the use of animal derived components. This serves as a significant barrier to large scale production and application of stem cell derived hepatocytes. Recently, the use of defined biologics has overcome those limitations in two-dimensional monolayer culture. In order to improve the cell phenotype further, three-dimensional culture systems have been employed to better mimic the in vivo situation, drawing upon materials chemistry, engineering and biology. In this review we discuss efforts in the field, to differentiate pluripotent stem cells towards hepatocytes under defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucendo-Villarin
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - H Rashidi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - K Cameron
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - D C Hay
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
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45
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Beeravolu N, Khan I, McKee C, Dinda S, Thibodeau B, Wilson G, Perez-Cruet M, Bahado-Singh R, Chaudhry GR. Isolation and comparative analysis of potential stem/progenitor cells from different regions of human umbilical cord. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:696-711. [PMID: 27107345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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46
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Im GI. Stem cells for reutilization in bone regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:487-93. [PMID: 25491657 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most transplanted tissues. While most bone defects heal spontaneously, critical size defects caused by major trauma/malignant tumor and osteonecrosis of femoral head in young adults pose a great challenge in treatment. While the golden standard in treating bone defects is autologous bone grafting, available bone for grafting is quite limited in an individual. To solve the dilemma, stem cell therapy has been tried as a new modality of treatment in lesions not amenable to autologous bone grafting. While successful results were reported from individual studies, the stem cell therapy is still not an established treatment modality for bone regeneration and needs further assessment. Our focus herein is to introduce stem cell sources that have been investigated so far and review the current status of stem cell reutilization for bone regeneration as well as suggesting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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47
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Forostyak O, Forostyak S, Kortus S, Sykova E, Verkhratsky A, Dayanithi G. Physiology of Ca2+ signalling in stem cells of different origins and differentiation stages. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Wang J, Singh M, Sun C, Besser D, Prigione A, Ivics Z, Hurst LD, Izsvák Z. Isolation and cultivation of naive-like human pluripotent stem cells based on HERVH expression. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:327-46. [PMID: 26797457 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to derive and stably maintain ground-state human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that resemble the cells seen in vivo in the inner cell mass has the potential to be an invaluable tool for researchers developing stem cell-based therapies. To date, derivation of human naive-like pluripotent stem cell lines has been limited to a small number of lineages, and their long-term culturing remains problematic. We describe a protocol for genetic and phenotypic tagging, selecting and maintaining naive-like hPSCs. We tag hPSCs by GFP, expressed by the long terminal repeat (LTR7) of HERVH endogenous retrovirus. This simple and efficient protocol has been reproduced with multiple hPSC lines, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, and it takes ∼6 weeks. By using the reporter, homogeneous hPSC cultures can be derived, characterized and maintained for the long term by repeated re-sorting and re-plating steps. The HERVH-expressing cells have a similar, but nonidentical, expression pattern to other naive-like cells, suggesting that alternative pluripotent states might exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Wang
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Besser
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Paul Ehrlich Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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49
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Generating Diverse Spinal Motor Neuron Subtypes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1036974. [PMID: 26823667 PMCID: PMC4707335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1036974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the mechanisms underlying human neuronal diversification remains a major challenge in developmental and applied neurobiology. Motor neurons (MNs) represent a diverse pool of neuronal subtypes exhibiting differential vulnerability in different human neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The ability to predictably manipulate MN subtype lineage restriction from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will form the essential basis to establishing accurate, clinically relevant in vitro disease models. I first overview motor neuron developmental biology to provide some context for reviewing recent studies interrogating pathways that influence the generation of MN diversity. I conclude that motor neurogenesis from PSCs provides a powerful reductionist model system to gain insight into the developmental logic of MN subtype diversification and serves more broadly as a leading exemplar of potential strategies to resolve the molecular basis of neuronal subclass differentiation within the nervous system. These studies will in turn permit greater mechanistic understanding of differential MN subtype vulnerability using in vitro human disease models.
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50
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Co-culture with mature islet cells augments the differentiation of insulin-producing cells from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:62-74. [PMID: 25173880 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been hampered by the shortage of islet donors available for diabetes therapy. However, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be an alternative source of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) because of their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. We described a method to efficiently differentiate PSCs into IPCs by co-culturing mature islets with directed-differentiated pancreatic endoderm (PE) cells from mouse and human PSCs. PE cells co-cultured with islet cells or islet cell-derived conditioned medium (CM) showed increased expression levels of β-cell markers; significantly higher levels of proinsulin- and Newport Green (NG)-positive cells, which revealed the characteristics of insulin producing cells; and increased insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. Co-culturing human PE cells with islet cells was also effective to differentiate PE cells into IPCs. Diabetic nude mice transplanted with co-cultured cells exhibited restored euglycemia, human C-peptide release, and improved glucose tolerance. Immunohistochemistry revealed that insulin+/C-peptide + cells existed in the grafted tissues. These results suggest that mature islet cells can increase the differentiation efficiency of PE cells into mature IPCs via paracrine effects.
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