1
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Narasipura EA, Fenton OS. Advances in non-viral mRNA delivery to the spleen. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3027-3044. [PMID: 38712531 PMCID: PMC11175841 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective delivery strategies for localizing messenger RNA (mRNA) payloads to the spleen is an important goal in the field of genetic medicine. Accomplishing this goal is challenging due to the instability, size, and charge of mRNA payloads. Here, we provide an analysis of non-viral delivery technologies that have been developed to deliver mRNA payloads to the spleen. Specifically, our review begins by outlining the unique anatomy and potential targets for mRNA delivery within the spleen. Next, we describe approaches in mRNA sequence engineering that can be used to improve mRNA delivery to the spleen. Then, we describe advances in non-viral carrier systems that can package and deliver mRNA payloads to the spleen, highlighting key advances in the literature in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and polymer nanoparticle (PNP) technology platforms. Finally, we provide commentary and outlook on how splenic mRNA delivery may afford next-generation treatments for autoimmune disorders and cancers. In undertaking this approach, our goal with this review is to both establish a fundamental understanding of drug delivery challenges associated with localizing mRNA payloads to the spleen, while also broadly highlighting the potential to use these genetic medicines to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan A Narasipura
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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2
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Joo HY, Baek H, Ahn CS, Park ER, Lee Y, Lee S, Han M, Kim B, Jang YH, Kwon H. Development of a novel, high-efficacy oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 platform equipped with two distinct retargeting modalities. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200778. [PMID: 38596302 PMCID: PMC10941007 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To retarget oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) to cancer-specific antigens, we designed a novel, double-retargeted oHSV platform that uses single-chain antibodies (scFvs) incorporated into both glycoprotein H and a bispecific adapter expressed from the viral genome to mediate infection predominantly via tumor-associated antigens. Successful retargeting was achieved using a nectin-1-detargeted HSV that remains capable of interacting with herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), the second canonical HSV entry receptor, and is, therefore, recognized by the adapter consisting of the virus-binding N-terminal 82 residues of HVEM fused to the target-specific scFv. We tested both an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)- and a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-specific scFv separately and together to target cells expressing one, the other, or both receptors. Our results show not only dose-dependent, target receptor-specific infection in vitro, but also enhanced virus spread compared with single-retargeted virus. In addition, we observed effective infection and spreading of the EpCAM double-retargeted virus in vivo. Remarkably, a single intravenous dose of the EpCAM-specific virus eliminated all detectable tumors in a subcutaneous xenograft model, and the same intravenous dose seemed to be harmless in immunocompetent FVB/N mice. Our findings suggest that our double-retargeted oHSV platform can provide a potent, versatile, and systemically deliverable class of anti-cancer therapeutics that specifically target cancer cells while ensuring safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yoo Joo
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Baek
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Seob Ahn
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ran Park
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Lee
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Lee
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihee Han
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Jang
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechung Kwon
- Gencellmed Inc., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Room 302 Research Building #3, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kumar J, Karim A, Sweety UH, Sarma H, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Bioinspired Approaches for Central Nervous System Targeted Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 38100377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) which include a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions have become a serious global issue. The presence of CNS barriers poses a significant challenge to the progress of designing effective therapeutic delivery systems, limiting the effectiveness of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents. Natural nanocarriers present in biological systems have inspired researchers to design unique delivery systems through biomimicry. As natural resource derived delivery systems are more biocompatible, current research has been focused on the development of delivery systems inspired by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mammalian cells. Despite their structural potential and extensive physiological function, making them an excellent choice for biomaterial engineering, the delivery of nucleic acids remains challenging due to their instability in biological systems. Similarly, the efficient delivery of genetic material within the tissues of interest remains a hurdle due to a lack of selectivity and targeting ability. Considering that gene therapies are the holy grail for intervention in diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's disease, this review centers around recent advances in bioinspired approaches to gene delivery for the prevention of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Afroz Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ummy Habiba Sweety
- Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, 783370, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Hartmann KP, van Gogh M, Freitag PC, Kast F, Nagy-Davidescu G, Borsig L, Plückthun A. FAP-retargeted Ad5 enables in vivo gene delivery to stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2914-2928. [PMID: 37641405 PMCID: PMC10556229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface serine protease that is highly expressed on reactive stromal fibroblasts, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and generally absent in healthy adult tissues. FAP expression in the tumor stroma has been detected in more than 90% of all carcinomas, rendering CAFs excellent target cells for a tumor site-specific adenoviral delivery of cancer therapeutics. Here, we present a tropism-modified human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector that targets FAP through trivalent, designed ankyrin repeat protein-based retargeting adapters. We describe the development and validation of these adapters via cell-based screening assays and demonstrate adapter-mediated Ad5 retargeting to FAP+ fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. We further show efficient in vivo delivery and in situ production of a therapeutic payload by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in attenuated tumor growth. We thus propose using our FAP-Ad5 vector to convert CAFs into a "biofactory," secreting encoded cancer therapeutics into the TME to enable a safe and effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patricia Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Nagy-Davidescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Concepts in Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910522. [PMID: 34638863 PMCID: PMC8508870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus therapy is gaining importance as a novel treatment option for the management of various cancers. Different concepts of modification within the adenovirus vector have been identified that define the mode of action against and the interaction with the tumour. Adenoviral vectors allow for genetic manipulations that restrict tumour specificity and also the expression of specific transgenes in order to support the anti-tumour effect. Additionally, replication of the virus and reinfection of neighbouring tumour cells amplify the therapeutic effect. Another important aspect in oncolytic adenovirus therapy is the virus induced cell death which is a process that activates the immune system against the tumour. This review describes which elements in adenovirus vectors have been identified for modification not only to utilize oncolytic adenovirus vectors into conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) that allow replication specifically in tumour cells but also to confer specific characteristics to these viruses. These advances in development resulted in clinical trials that are summarized based on the conceptual design.
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Aubets E, Chillon M, Ciudad CJ, Noé V. PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins Work as RNA Species for Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10025. [PMID: 34576188 PMCID: PMC8466063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins (PPRHs) are gene-silencing DNA-oligonucleotides developed in our laboratory that are formed by two antiparallel polypurine mirror repeat domains bound intramolecularly by Hoogsteen bonds. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of using viral vectors to deliver PPRHs as a gene therapy tool. After treatment with synthetic RNA, plasmid transfection, or viral infection targeting the survivin gene, viability was determined by the MTT assay, mRNA was determined by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were determined by Western blot. We showed that the RNA-PPRH induced a decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and an increase in apoptosis in PC-3 and HeLa cells. Both synthetic RNA-PPRH and RNA-PPRH intracellularly generated upon the transfection of a plasmid vector were able to reduce survivin mRNA and protein levels in PC-3 cells. An adenovirus type-5 vector encoding the PPRH against survivin was also able to decrease survivin mRNA and protein levels, leading to a reduction in HeLa cell viability. In this work, we demonstrated that PPRHs can also work as RNA species, either chemically synthesized, transcribed from a plasmid construct, or transcribed from viral vectors. Therefore, all these results are the proof of principle that viral vectors could be considered as a delivery system for PPRHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aubets
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Miguel Chillon
- ICREA, Institute of Neurosciences at UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.); (C.J.C.)
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Ashique S, Sandhu NK, Chawla V, Chawla PA. Targeted Drug Delivery: Trends and Perspectives. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1435-1455. [PMID: 34151759 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210609161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to various limitations in conventional drug delivery system, it is important to focus on the target-specific drug delivery system where we can deliver the drug without any degradation. Among various challenges faced by a formulation scientist, delivering the drug to its right site, in its right dose, is also an important aim. A focused drug transport aims to extend, localize, target and have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue. OBJECTIVE The aim of targeted drug delivery is to make the required amount of the drug available at its desired site of action. Drug targeting can be accomplished in a number ways that include enzyme mediation, pH-dependent release, use of special vehicles, receptor targeting among other mechanisms. Intelligently designed targeted drug delivery systems also offer the advantages of a low dose of the drug along with reduced side effects which ultimately improves patient compliance. Incidences of dose dumping and dosage form failure are negligible. A focused drug transport aims to have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the available targeting techniques for delivery to the colon, brain and other sites of interest. Overall, the article should make an excellent read for the researchers in this area. Newer drug targets may be identified and exploited for successful drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Navjot Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Wang Y, Bruggeman KF, Franks S, Gautam V, Hodgetts SI, Harvey AR, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Is Viral Vector Gene Delivery More Effective Using Biomaterials? Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001238. [PMID: 33191667 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery has been extensively investigated for introducing foreign genetic material into cells to promote expression of therapeutic proteins or to silence relevant genes. This approach can regulate genetic or epigenetic disorders, offering an attractive alternative to pharmacological therapy or invasive protein delivery options. However, the exciting potential of viral gene therapy has yet to be fully realized, with a number of clinical trials failing to deliver optimal therapeutic outcomes. Reasons for this include difficulty in achieving localized delivery, and subsequently lower efficacy at the target site, as well as poor or inconsistent transduction efficiency. Thus, ongoing efforts are focused on improving local viral delivery and enhancing its efficiency. Recently, biomaterials have been exploited as an option for more controlled, targeted and programmable gene delivery. There is a growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of biomaterials and their potential advantages over other delivery strategies. This review explores current limitations of gene delivery and the progress of biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. The combination of biomaterials and gene vectors holds the potential to surmount major challenges, including the uncontrolled release of viral vectors with random delivery duration, poorly localized viral delivery with associated off-target effects, limited viral tropism, and immune safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kiara F. Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Stephanie Franks
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stuart I. Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) School of Medicine Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
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9
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Didion CA, Henne WA. A Bibliometric analysis of folate receptor research. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1109. [PMID: 33198687 PMCID: PMC7667792 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the entire field of folate receptor research. Folate receptor is expressed on a wide variety of cancers and certain immune cells. METHODS A Web of Science search was performed on folate receptor or folate binding protein (1969-to June 28, 2019). The following information was examined: publications per year, overall citations, top 10 authors, top 10 institutions, top 10 cited articles, top 10 countries, co-author collaborations and key areas of research. RESULTS In total, 3248 documents for folate receptor or folate binding protein were retrieved for the study years outlined in the methods section search query. The range was 1 per year in 1969 to 264 for the last full year studied (2018). A total of 123,720 citations for the 3248 documents retrieved represented a mean citation rate per article of 38.09 and range of 1667 citations (range 0 to 1667). Researchers in 71 countries authored publications analyzed in this study. The US was the leader in publications and had the highest ranking institution. The top 10 articles have been cited 7270 times during the time frame of this study. The top cited article had an average citation rate of 110 citations per year. Network maps revealed considerable co-authorship among several of the top 10 authors. CONCLUSION Our study presents several important insights into the features and impact of folate receptor research. To our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of folate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari A Didion
- Governors State University, 1 University Parkway, University Park, IL, 60484, USA.
| | - Walter A Henne
- Governors State University, 1 University Parkway, University Park, IL, 60484, USA
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10
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Salim L, Desaulniers JP. To Conjugate or to Package? A Look at Targeted siRNA Delivery Through Folate Receptors. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:21-38. [PMID: 33121373 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) applications have evolved from experimental tools to study gene function to the development of a novel class of gene-silencing therapeutics. Despite decades of research, it was not until August 2018 that the US FDA approved the first-ever RNAi drug, marking a new era for RNAi therapeutics. Although there are many limitations associated with the inherent structure of RNA, delivery to target cells and tissues remains the most challenging. RNAs are unable to diffuse across cellular membranes due to their large size and polyanionic backbone and, therefore, require a delivery vector. RNAi molecules can be conjugated to a targeting ligand or packaged into a delivery vehicle. Alnylam has used both strategies in their FDA-approved formulations to achieve efficient delivery to the liver. To harness the full potential of RNAi therapeutics, however, we must be able to target additional cells and tissues. One promising target is the folate receptor α, which is overexpressed in a variety of tumors despite having limited expression and distribution in normal tissues. Folate can be conjugated directly to the RNAi molecule or used to functionalize delivery vehicles. In this review, we compare both delivery strategies and discuss the current state of research in the area of folate-mediated delivery of RNAi molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Salim
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
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11
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Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Strategies for Improved Targeting and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061504. [PMID: 32526919 PMCID: PMC7352392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem. Most of the treatments exhibit systemic toxicity, as they are not targeted or specific to cancerous cells and tumors. Adenoviruses are very promising gene delivery vectors and have immense potential to deliver targeted therapy. Here, we review a wide range of strategies that have been tried, tested, and demonstrated to enhance the specificity of oncolytic viruses towards specific cancer cells. A combination of these strategies and other conventional therapies may be more effective than any of those strategies alone.
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12
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Sato-Dahlman M, Yamamoto M. The Development of Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy in the Past and Future - For the Case of Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 18:153-161. [PMID: 28228084 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170222123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignant disease and the efficacy of current treatments for unresectable diseases is quite limited despite recent advances. Gene therapy /virotherapy strategies may provide new options for the treatment of various cancers including pancreatic cancer. Oncolytic adenovirus shows an antitumoral effect via its intratumoral amplification and strong cytocidal effect in a variety of cancers and it has been employed for the development of potent oncolytic virotherapy agents for pancreatic cancer. Our ultimate goal is to develop an oncolytic adenovirus enabling the treatment of patients with advanced or spread diseases by systemic injection. Systemic application of oncolytic therapy mandates more efficient and selective gene delivery and needs to embody sufficient antitumor effect even with limited initial delivery to the tumor location. In this review, the current status of oncolytic adenoviruses from the viewpoints of vector design and potential strategies to overcome current obstacles for its clinical application will be described. We will also discuss the efforts to improve the antitumor activity of oncolytic adenovirus, in in vivo animal models, and the combination therapy of oncolytic adenovirus with radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Sato-Dahlman
- Division of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Division of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
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14
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Sato-Dahlman M, Wirth K, Yamamoto M. Role of Gene Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E103. [PMID: 29614005 PMCID: PMC5923358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained essentially unchanged for decades and its relative contribution to overall cancer death is projected to only increase in the coming years. Current treatment for PDAC includes aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection in a limited number of patients, with median survival of optimal treatment rather dismal. Recent advances in gene therapies offer novel opportunities for treatment, even in those with locally advanced disease. In this review, we summarize emerging techniques to the design and administration of virotherapy, synthetic vectors, and gene-editing technology. Despite these promising advances, shortcomings continue to exist and here will also be highlighted those approaches to overcoming obstacles in current laboratory and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Surgery BTR, MMC 195, 8195F, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Antitumor Efficacy of SLPI Promoter-Controlled Expression of Artificial microRNA Targeting EGFR in a Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:829-835. [PMID: 28101799 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a recombinant adenovirus with secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) promoter-controlled expression for gene therapy of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An artificial microRNA targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was designed, and used to construct a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus with SLPI promoter-controlled expression. The silencing efficiency of this vector (Ad-SLPI-EGFRamiR) was detected in Hep-2 cells. Western blotting showed that the expression of 170 kD EGFR was significantly reduced in Hep-2 cells 72 h after infection with Ad-SLPI-EGFRamiR. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 200 pfu/cell, proliferation of Hep-2 cells was highly inhibited by Ad-SLPI-EGFRamiR (inhibition rate: ~70%). The apoptosis rate of Hep-2 cells at 72 h after infection with Ad-SLPI-EGFRamiR at a MOI 35 pfu/cell was 32.8%. The adenovirus constructed was able to specifically inhibit the growth of SCC cells in vitro.
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Afzal SM, Shareef MZ, Dinesh T, Kishan V. Folate-PEG-decorated docetaxel lipid nanoemulsion for improved antitumor activity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2171-84. [PMID: 27463694 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a folate-based docetaxel lipid nanoemulsion (FLNE) for tumor-targeted treatment. MATERIALS & METHODS The docetaxel LNEs were prepared and characterized. In vitro cytotoxic and cell uptake studies were performed. The tissue distribution and targeting of drug were studied by fluorescence imaging and tumor regression in mice. RESULTS The IC50 values of FLNE on cancer cells were significant. The cell uptake studies showed an increase in fluorescence with time. Imaging studies found that FLNE was superior in tumor targeting by 4.81- and 2.08-fold over controls. The tumor regression proved the superiority of FLNEs. CONCLUSION The folate strategy was superior over PEGylation, albumin and transferrin strategies. The study demonstrated great potential of FLNE as a prospective targeted delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muzammil Afzal
- Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009, India
| | - Mohammad Zubair Shareef
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009, India
| | - Tummuri Dinesh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Veerabrahma Kishan
- Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009, India
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Wang X, Sun C, Li P, Wu T, Zhou H, Yang D, Liu Y, Ma X, Song Z, Nian Q, Feng L, Qin C, Chen L, Tang R. Vaccine Engineering with Dual-Functional Mineral Shell: A Promising Strategy to Overcome Preexisting Immunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:694-700. [PMID: 26607212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-functional biomineral-vaccine core-shell nanohybrids are obtained using recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) as templates, which efficiently masks the neutralizing epitope of vaccines and preserve their original immunogenicity. The versatile vaccine hybrid can evade the preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity, leading to boosted multifunctional antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell responses and presenting promising applications of vaccine-material hybrid for the rational design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Tongjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Hangyu Zhou
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Yichu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qinggong Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
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Abstract
Human adenovirus (Ad) has been used extensively to develop gene transfer vectors for vaccine and gene therapy applications. A major factor limiting the efficacy of the current generation of Ad vectors is their inability to accomplish specific gene delivery to the cells of interest. Transductional targeting strategies seek to redirect virus binding to the appropriate cellular receptor to increase infection efficiency in selected cell types to achieve therapeutic intervention. These efforts mainly focused on incorporating targeting ligands by means of chemical conjugation or genetic modification of Ad capsid proteins and using bispecific adapter molecules to mediate virus recognition of target cells. This review summarizes current progress in Ad tropism modification maneuvers that embody genetic capsid modification and adapter-based approaches that have encouraging implications for further development of advanced vectors suitable for clinical translation.
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Yallappa S, Manjanna J, Dhananjaya BL, Vishwanatha U, Ravishankar B, Gururaj H. Phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Mappia foetida leaves extract and their conjugation with folic acid for delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:235. [PMID: 26395360 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mappia foetida leaves extract is used as bioreductant for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their application in the efficient delivery of doxorubicin to human cancer cells is reported here. The formation of gold nanoparticles is evident from their characteristic optical absorption at ~560 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern of gold nanoparticles confirmed their fcc structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the bioactive molecules from plant extract capped on the surface of gold nanoparticles and conjugation of doxorubicin along with activated folic acid as navigational molecules for targeted drug delivery. Such a conjugation of gold nanoparticles is characterized by their weight loss, ~35-40 %, due to thermal degradation of plant biomass and conjugated drug along with receptor, as observed in thermogravimetric analysis. The spherical shaped gold nanoparticles (Φ 10-20 nm) are observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images and the expected elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with activated folic acid and doxorubicin complex is found to be toxic for human cancer cells viz., MDA-MB-231, HeLa, SiHa and Hep-G2. Furthermore, the amount of drug released was maximum at pH 5.3 (an ambient condition for intravenous cancer drugs) followed by pH 7.2 and pH 6.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yallappa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577 451, India
| | - J Manjanna
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, 591 156, India.
| | - B L Dhananjaya
- Toxicology and Drug Discovery Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Ramanagara, 562 112, India
| | - U Vishwanatha
- SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, 574 118, India
| | - B Ravishankar
- SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, 574 118, India
| | - H Gururaj
- Department of Electronics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577 451, India
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Zarogoulidis P, Domvri K, Huang H, Zarogoulidis K. Gene therapy for lung cancer malignant pleural effusion: current and future nano-biotechnology. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:234-7. [PMID: 25806188 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory diseases, Changhai hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Thorne SH. Immunotherapeutic potential of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Front Oncol 2014; 4:155. [PMID: 24987615 PMCID: PMC4060052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of oncolytic viral therapy was based on the hypothesis that engineering tumor-selectivity into the replication potential of viruses would permit direct destruction of tumor cells as a result of viral-mediated lysis, resulting in amplification of the therapy exclusively within the tumor environment. The immune response raised by the virus was not only considered to be necessary for the safety of the approach, but also something of a hindrance to optimal therapeutic activity and repeat dosing. However, the pre-clinical and subsequent clinical success of several oncolytic viruses expressing selected cytokines has demonstrated the potential for harnessing the immune response as an additional and beneficial mechanism of therapeutic activity within the platform. Over the last few years, a variety of novel approaches have been incorporated to try to enhance this immunotherapeutic activity. Several innovative and subtle approaches have moved far beyond the expression of a single cytokine transgene, with the hope of optimizing anti-tumor immunity while having minimal detrimental impact on viral oncolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve H. Thorne
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Yamamoto Y, Goto N, Miura K, Narumi K, Ohnami S, Uchida H, Miura Y, Yamamoto M, Aoki K. Development of a novel efficient method to construct an adenovirus library displaying random peptides on the fiber knob. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1069-74. [PMID: 24380399 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Redirection of adenovirus vectors by engineering the capsid-coding region has shown limited success because proper targeting ligands are generally unknown. To overcome this limitation, we constructed an adenovirus library displaying random peptides on the fiber knob, and its screening led to successful selections of several particular targeted vectors. In the previous library construction method, the full length of an adenoviral genome was generated by a Cre-lox mediated in vitro recombination between a fiber-modified plasmid library and the enzyme-digested adenoviral DNA/terminal protein complex (DNA-TPC) before transfection to the producer cells. In this system, the procedures were complicated and time-consuming, and approximately 30% of the vectors in the library were defective with no displaying peptide. These may hinder further extensive exploration of cancer-targeting vectors. To resolve these problems, in this study, we developed a novel method with the transfection of a fiber-modified plasmid library and a fiberless adenoviral DNA-TPC in Cre-expressing 293 cells. The use of in-cell Cre recombination and fiberless adenovirus greatly simplified the library-making steps. The fiberless adenovirus was useful in suppressing the expansion of unnecessary adenovirus vectors. In addition, the complexity of the library was more than a 10(4) level in one well in a 6-well dish, which was 10-fold higher than that of the original method. The results demonstrated that this novel method is useful in producing a high quality live adenovirus library, which could facilitate the development of targeted adenovirus vectors for a variety of applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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24
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Ahn BC. Requisites for successful theranostics with radionuclide-based reporter gene imaging. J Drug Target 2014; 22:295-303. [PMID: 24417717 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.878940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclide-based theranostic strategy has been widely used in diagnosis and treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism or differentiated thyroid cancer for a long time, and sodium iodide symporter gene is the radionuclide-based reporter gene used in theranostics. Theranostics, which is a promising approach, offering the ideal combination of accurate diagnosis and successful therapy in various clinical fields, is expected to become a key area of personalized medicine. Rapid advancements in biotechnologies using theranostic reporter genes and theranostic radiochemistry have led to development of the concept of theranostics using radionuclide-based imaging reporter genes; the theranostic approach is almost ready for application in a limited arena of clinics. In order to fulfill both the diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, theranostics with radionuclide-based imaging reporter requires use of successful combinations of various components, such as radionuclide-based reporter genes, promoters/enhancers that regulate expression of reporter genes, delivery vectors/vehicles, imaging or therapeutic probes and prodrugs, transductional and transcriptional targeting strategies, transgene amplification systems, etc. In this review, overview and recent updates on theranostics using radionuclide-based imaging reporter genes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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25
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Goldufsky J, Sivendran S, Harcharik S, Pan M, Bernardo S, Stern RH, Friedlander P, Ruby CE, Saenger Y, Kaufman HL. Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer. Oncolytic Virother 2013; 2:31-46. [PMID: 27512656 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s38901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oncolytic viruses to treat cancer is based on the selection of tropic tumor viruses or the generation of replication selective vectors that can either directly kill infected tumor cells or increase their susceptibility to cell death and apoptosis through additional exposure to radiation or chemotherapy. In addition, viral vectors can be modified to promote more potent tumor cell death, improve the toxicity profile, and/or generate host antitumor immunity. A variety of viruses have been developed as oncolytic therapeutics, including adenovirus, vaccinia virus, herpesvirus, coxsackie A virus, Newcastle disease virus, and reovirus. The clinical development of oncolytic viral therapy has accelerated in the last few years, with several vectors entering clinical trials for a variety of cancers. In this review, current strategies to optimize the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of the major oncolytic viruses are discussed, and a summary of current clinical trials is provided. Further investigation is needed to characterize better the clinical impact of oncolytic viruses, but there are increasing data demonstrating the potential promise of this approach for the treatment of human and animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Goldufsky
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Shanthi Sivendran
- Department of Hematology/Oncology Medical Specialists, Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Sara Harcharik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Bernardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard H Stern
- Department of Radiology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Friedlander
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl E Ruby
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
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26
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Reetz J, Genz B, Meier C, Kowtharapu BS, Timm F, Vollmar B, Herchenröder O, Abshagen K, Pützer BM. Development of Adenoviral Delivery Systems to Target Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67091. [PMID: 23825626 PMCID: PMC3688967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as initiator cells that induce liver fibrosis upon intoxication or other noxes. Deactivation of this ongoing remodeling process of liver parenchyma into fibrotic tissue induced by HSCs is an interesting goal to be achieved by targeted genetic modification of HSCs. The most widely applied approach in gene therapy is the utilization of specifically targeted vectors based on Adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5. To narrow down the otherwise ubiquitous tropism of parental Ad, two modifications are required: a) ablating the native tropism and b) redirecting the vector particles towards a specific entity solely present on the cells of interest. Therefore, we designed a peptide of the nerve growth factor (NGFp) with specific affinity for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) present on HSCs. Coupling of this NGFp to vector particles was done either via chemical conjugation using bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) or, alternatively, by molecular bridging with a fusion protein specific for viral fiber knob and p75NTR. Both Ad vectors transmit the gene for the green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP expression was monitored in vitro on primary murine HSCs as well as after systemic administration in mice with healthy and fibrotic livers using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Coupling of NGFp to Ad via S11 and/or PEGylation resulted in markedly reduced liver tropism and an enhanced adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to HSCs. Transduction efficiency of both specific Ads was uniformly higher in fibrotic livers, whereas Ad.GFP-S11-NGFp transduce activated HSCs better than Ad.GFP-PEG-NGFp. These experiments contribute to the development of a targeted gene transfer system to specifically deliver antifibrotic compounds into activated HSCs by systemically applied adenoviral vector modified with NGFp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reetz
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Berit Genz
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Meier
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bhavani S. Kowtharapu
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Franziska Timm
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ottmar Herchenröder
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Abshagen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Brigitte M. Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany
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Kang S, Lu K, Leelawattanachai J, Hu X, Park S, Park T, Min IM, Jin MM. Virus-mimetic polyplex particles for systemic and inflammation-specific targeted delivery of large genetic contents. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1042-52. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Gopal V. Bioinspired peptides as versatile nucleic acid delivery platforms. J Control Release 2013; 167:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer: the first wave of translational clinical trials. Transl Res 2013; 161:355-64. [PMID: 23313629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of oncolytic virus therapy, the use of live, replicating viruses for the treatment of cancer, has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Preclinical models have clearly demonstrated anticancer activity against a number of different cancer types. Several agents have entered clinical trials and promising results have led to late stage clinical development for some viruses. The early clinical trials have demonstrated that oncolytic viruses by themselves have potential to result in tumor regression. Engineering of viruses to express novel genes have also led to the use of these vectors as a novel form of gene therapy. As a result, interest in oncolytic virus therapy has gained traction. The following review will focus on the first wave of clinical translation of oncolytic virus therapy, what has been learned so far, and potential challenges ahead for advancing the field.
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Abstract
Cancer gene therapy approaches have benefited greatly from the utilization of molecular-based therapeutics. Of these, adenovirus-based interventions hold much promise as a platform for targeted therapeutic delivery to tumors. However, a barrier to this progression is the lack of native adenovirus receptor expression on a variety of cancer types. As such, any adenovirus-based cancer therapy must take into consideration retargeting the vector to nonnative cellular surface receptors. Predicated upon the knowledge gained in native adenovirus biology, several strategies to transductionally retarget adenovirus have emerged. Herein, we describe the biological hurdles as well as strategies utilized in adenovirus transductional targeting, covering the progress of both adapter-based and genetic manipulation-based targeting. Additionally, we discuss recent translation of these targeting strategies into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Beatty
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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31
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Pandey S, Oza G, Mewada A, Shah R, Thakur M, Sharon M. Folic acid mediated synaphic delivery of doxorubicin using biogenic gold nanoparticles anchored to biological linkers. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1361-1370. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Reetz J, Herchenröder O, Schmidt A, Pützer BM. Vector Technology and Cell Targeting: Peptide-Tagged Adenoviral Vectors as a Powerful Tool for Cell Specific Targeting. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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34
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Management of malignant pleural effusion by suicide gene therapy in advanced stage lung cancer: a case series and literature review. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:593-600. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Zeyaullah M, Patro M, Ahmad I, Ibraheem K, Sultan P, Nehal M, Ali A. Oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancer: a review of current strategies. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:771-81. [PMID: 22714538 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are live, replication-competent viruses that replicate selectively in tumor cells leading to the destruction of the tumor cells. Tumor-selective replicating viruses offer appealing advantages over conventional cancer therapy and are promising a new approach for the treatment of human cancer. The development of virotherapeutics is based on several strategies. Virotherapy is not a new concept, but recent technical advances in the genetic modification of oncolytic viruses have improved their tumor specificity, leading to the development of new weapons for the war against cancer. Clinical trials with oncolytic viruses demonstrate the safety and feasibility of an effective virotherapeutic approach. Strategies to overcome potential obstacles and challenges to virotherapy are currently being explored. Systemic administrations of oncolytic viruses will successfully extend novel treatment against a range of tumors. Combination therapy has shown some encouraging antitumor responses by eliciting strong immunity against established cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zeyaullah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Baida, Libya.
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Alberti MO, Roth JC, Ismail M, Tsuruta Y, Abraham E, Pereboeva L, Gerson SL, Curiel DT. Derivation of a myeloid cell-binding adenovirus for gene therapy of inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37812. [PMID: 22624065 PMCID: PMC3356302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene therapy field is currently limited by the lack of vehicles that permit efficient gene delivery to specific cell or tissue subsets. Native viral vector tropisms offer a powerful platform for transgene delivery but remain nonspecific, requiring elevated viral doses to achieve efficacy. In order to improve upon these strategies, our group has focused on genetically engineering targeting domains into viral capsid proteins, particularly those based on adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). Our primary strategy is based on deletion of the fiber knob domain, to eliminate broad tissue specificity through the human coxsackie-and-adenovirus receptor (hCAR), with seamless incorporation of ligands to re-direct Ad tropism to cell types that express the cognate receptors. Previously, our group and others have demonstrated successful implementation of this strategy in order to specifically target Ad to a number of surface molecules expressed on immortalized cell lines. Here, we utilized phage biopanning to identify a myeloid cell-binding peptide (MBP), with the sequence WTLDRGY, and demonstrated that MBP can be successfully incorporated into a knob-deleted Ad5. The resulting virus, Ad.MBP, results in specific binding to primary myeloid cell types, as well as significantly higher transduction of these target populations ex vivo, compared to unmodified Ad5. These data are the first step in demonstrating Ad targeting to cell types associated with inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Alberti
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Roth
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCR); (DTC)
| | - Mourad Ismail
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuko Tsuruta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Edward Abraham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Larisa Pereboeva
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stanton L. Gerson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCR); (DTC)
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Rojas JJ, Thorne SH. Theranostic potential of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Theranostics 2012; 2:363-73. [PMID: 22509200 PMCID: PMC3326721 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological cancer therapies, such as oncolytic, or replication-selective viruses have advantages over traditional therapeutics as they can employ multiple different mechanisms to target and destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their rapid recent clinical development. However this also makes their pre-clinical and clinical study complex, as many parameters may affect their therapeutic potential and so defining reason for treatment failure or approaches that might enhance their therapeutic activity can be complicated. The ability to non-invasively image viral gene expression in vivo both in pre-clinical models and during clinical testing will considerably enhance the speed of oncolytic virus development as well as increasing the level and type of useful data produced from these studies. Further, subsequent to future clinical approval, imaging of reporter gene expression might be used to evaluate the likelihood of response to oncolytic viral therapy prior to changes in tumor burden. Here different reporter genes used in conjunction with oncolytic viral therapy are described, along with the imaging modalities used to measure their expression, while their applications both in pre-clinical and clinical testing are discussed. Possible future applications for reporter gene expression from oncolytic viruses in the phenotyping of tumors and the personalizing of treatment regimens are also discussed.
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Abstract
Progress in vector design and an increased knowledge of mechanisms underlying tumor-induced immune suppression have led to a new and promising generation of Adenovirus (Ad)-based immunotherapies, which are discussed in this review. As vaccine vehicles Ad vectors (AdVs) have been clinically evaluated and proven safe, but a major limitation of the commonly used Ad5 serotype is neutralization by preexistent or rapidly induced immune responses. Genetic modifications in the Ad capsid can reduce intrinsic immunogenicity and facilitate escape from antibody-mediated neutralization. Further modification of the Ad hexon and fiber allows for liver and scavenger detargeting and selective targeting of, for example, dendritic cells. These next-generation Ad vaccines with enhanced efficacy are now becoming available for testing as tumor vaccines. In addition, AdVs encoding immune-modulating products may be used to convert the tumor microenvironment from immune-suppressive and proinvasive to proinflammatory, thus facilitating cell-mediated effector functions that can keep tumor growth and invasion in check. Oncolytic AdVs, that selectively replicate in tumor cells and induce an immunogenic form of cell death, can also be armed with immune-activating transgenes to amplify primed antitumor immune responses. These novel immunotherapy strategies, employing highly efficacious AdVs in optimized configurations, show great promise and warrant clinical exploration.
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Retargeting of viruses to generate oncolytic agents. Adv Virol 2011; 2012:798526. [PMID: 22312365 PMCID: PMC3265223 DOI: 10.1155/2012/798526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is based on the ability of viruses to effectively infect and kill tumor cells without destroying the normal tissues. While some viruses seem to have a natural preference for tumor cells, most viruses require the modification of their tropism to specifically enter and replicate in such cells. This review aims to describe the transductional targeting strategies currently employed to specifically redirect viruses towards surface receptors on tumor cells. Three major strategies can be distinguished; they involve (i) the incorporation of new targeting specificity into a viral surface protein, (ii) the incorporation of a scaffold into a viral surface protein to allow the attachment of targeting moieties, and (iii) the use of bispecific adapters to mediate targeting of a virus to a specified moiety on a tumor cell. Of each strategy key features, advantages and limitations are discussed and examples are given. Because of their potential to cause sustained, multiround infection—a desirable characteristic for eradicating tumors—particular attention is given to viruses engineered to become self-targeted by the genomic expression of a bispecific adapter protein.
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de Vrij J, Dautzenberg IJC, van den Hengel SK, Magnusson MK, Uil TG, Cramer SJ, Vellinga J, Verissimo CS, Lindholm L, Koppers-Lalic D, Hoeben RC. A cathepsin-cleavage site between the adenovirus capsid protein IX and a tumor-targeting ligand improves targeted transduction. Gene Ther 2011; 19:899-906. [PMID: 22011643 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses have a great potential as anticancer agents. One strategy to improve their tumor-cell specificity and anti-tumor efficacy is to include tumor-specific targeting ligands in the viral capsid. This can be achieved by fusion of polypeptide-targeting ligands with the minor capsid protein IX. Previous research suggested that protein IX-mediated targeting is limited by inefficient release of protein IX-fused ligands from their cognate receptors in the endosome. This thwarts endosomal escape of the virus particles. Here we describe that the targeted transduction of tumor cells is augmented by a cathepsin-cleavage site between the protein IX anchor and the HER2/neu-binding ZH Affibody molecule as ligand. The cathepsin-cleavage site did not interfere with virus production and incorporation of the Affibody molecules in the virus capsid. Virus particles harboring the cleavable protein IX-ligand fusion in their capsid transduced the HER2/neu-positive SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells with increased efficiency in monolayer cultures, three-dimensional spheroid cultures and in SKOV-3 tumors grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. These data show that inclusion of a cathepsin-cleavage sequence between protein IX and a high-affinity targeting ligand enhances targeted transduction. This modification further augments the applicability of protein IX as an anchor for coupling tumor-targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Cao H, Zhang GR, Geller AI. Antibody-mediated targeted gene transfer of helper virus-free HSV-1 vectors to rat neocortical neurons that contain either NMDA receptor 2B or 2A subunits. Brain Res 2011; 1415:127-35. [PMID: 21885042 PMCID: PMC3176983 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of the numerous types of neurons in the brain, and particularly the forebrain, neuron type-specific expression will benefit many potential applications of direct gene transfer. The two most promising approaches for achieving neuron type-specific expression are targeted gene transfer to a specific type of neuron and using a neuron type-specific promoter. We previously developed antibody-mediated targeted gene transfer with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) vectors by modifying glycoprotein C (gC) to replace the heparin binding domain, which mediates the initial binding of HSV-1 particles to many cell types, with the Staphylococcus A protein ZZ domain, which binds immunoglobulin (Ig) G. We showed that a chimeric gC-ZZ protein is incorporated into vector particles and binds IgG. As a proof-of-principle for antibody-mediated targeted gene transfer, we isolated complexes of these vector particles and an anti-NMDA NR1 subunit antibody, and demonstrated targeted gene transfer to neocortical cells that contain NR1 subunits. However, because most forebrain neurons contain NR1, we obtained only a modest increase in the specificity of gene transfer, and this targeting specificity is of limited utility for physiological experiments. Here, we report efficient antibody-mediated targeted gene transfer to NMDA NR2B- or NR2A-containing cells in rat postrhinal cortex, and a neuron-specific promoter further restricted recombinant expression to neurons. Of note, because NR2A-containing neurons are relatively rare, these results show that antibody-mediated targeted gene transfer with HSV-1 vectors containing neuron type-specific promoters can restrict recombinant expression to specific types of forebrain neurons of physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cao
- Department of Neurology, West Roxbury VA Hospital/Harvard Medical School, W. Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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42
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Unnatural amino acid incorporation onto adenoviral (Ad) coat proteins facilitates chemoselective modification and retargeting of Ad type 5 vectors. J Virol 2011; 85:7546-54. [PMID: 21613404 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00118-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of adenovirus vectors can improve tissue-selective targeting, attenuate immunogenicity, and enable imaging of particle biodistribution, thus significantly improving therapeutic potential. Currently, surface engineering is constrained by a combination of factors, including impact on viral fitness, limited access to functionality, or incomplete control over the site of modification. Here, we report a two-step labeling process involving an initial metabolic placement of a uniquely reactive unnatural amino acid, azidohomoalanine (Aha), followed by highly specific chemical modification. As genetic modification of adenovirus is unnecessary, vector production is exceedingly straightforward. Aha incorporation demonstrated no discernible impact on either virus production or infectivity of the resultant particles. "Click" chemical modification of surface-exposed azides was highly selective, allowing for the attachment of a wide range of functionality. Decoration of human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5) with folate, a known cancer-targeting moiety, provided an ∼20-fold increase in infection of murine breast cancer cells (4T1) in a folate receptor-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that incorporation of unnatural amino acids can provide a flexible, straightforward route for the selective chemical modification of adenoviral vectors.
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging experimental treatment platform for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are replicative-competent viruses that are engineered to replicate selectively in cancer cells with specified oncogenic phenotypes. Multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been clinically tested in a variety of tumors. This review will provide a brief description of these novel anticancer biologics and will summarize the results of clinical investigation. To date oncolytic virotherapy has shown to be safe, and has generated clinical responses in tumors that are resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The major challenge for researchers is to maximize the efficacy of these viral therapeutics, and to establish stable systemic delivery mechanisms.
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Liu F, Deng D, Chen X, Qian Z, Achilefu S, Gu Y. Folate-polyethylene glycol conjugated near-infrared fluorescence probe with high targeting affinity and sensitivity for in vivo early tumor diagnosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 12:595-607. [PMID: 20376571 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to synthesize a folate-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated near-infrared fluorescence probe (fPI-01) for diagnosis of folate receptor (FR)-overexpressed tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. PROCEDURES fPI-01 was synthesized, purified, and characterized. Its cytotoxicity and affinity to tumor cells were determined in vitro. The dynamics and biodistribution of the probe was monitored in normal nude mice. And the tumor-targeting capability was investigated in nude mice bearing different tumor xenograft. RESULTS fPI-01 was successfully synthesized with strengthened optical properties. Cells experiments showed the probe had high FR affinity and without apparent cytotoxicity. Animal experiments indicated the probe excreted through urine by kidney. And its tumor-targeting ability was demonstrated on different tumor-bearing mice, with high sensitivity and tumor-to-normal tissue contrast ratio (10:1). CONCLUSIONS fPI-01 is a promising optical agent for diagnosis of FR-positive tumors, especially in their early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The distribution of viruses and gene therapy vectors is difficult to assess in a living organism. For instance, trafficking in murine models can usually only be assessed after sacrificing the animal for tissue sectioning or extraction. These assays are laborious requiring whole animal sectioning to ascertain tissue localization. They also obviate the ability to perform longitudinal or kinetic studies in one animal. To track viruses after systemic infection, we have labeled adenoviruses with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore and imaged these after intravenous injection in mice. Imaging was able to track and quantitate virus particles entering the jugular vein simultaneous with injection, appearing in the heart within 500 milliseconds, distributing in the bloodstream and throughout the animal within 7 seconds, and that the bulk of virus distribution was essentially complete within 3 minutes. These data provide the first in vivo real-time tracking of the rapid initial events of systemic virus infection.
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46
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Pützer BM, Schmidt A. Vector Technology and Cell Targeting: Peptide-Tagged Adenoviral Vectors as a Powerful Tool for Cell Specific Targeting. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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47
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Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are attractive vectors for short-term expression in mouse liver and primary cell lines. Various versatile vector systems have been developed which can be used for the reliable production of recombinant adenoviruses. This protocol describes the entire process for the production of recombinant adenoviruses using the AdEasy system. This protocol will give a practical step-by-step description from the cloning of the gene of interest until the in vivo administration in mice. The entire process will take about 8 weeks to complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hogg RT, Thorpe P, Gerard RD. Retargeting adenoviral vectors to improve gene transfer into tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 18:275-87. [PMID: 21183946 PMCID: PMC3060954 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene targeting to tumors using adenoviral vectors holds great potential for cancer imaging and therapy, but the limited efficacy of current methods used to improve delivery to target tissues and reduce unwanted interactions remain substantial barriers to further development. Progress in characterizing the set of molecular interactions used by adenoviral vectors to infect particular tissues has aided the development of novel strategies for retargeting vectors to tumor cells. One method is chemical retargeting of adenovirus using bispecific antibodies against both viral capsid proteins and tumor-specific cell surface molecules. This approach can be combined either with competitive inhibitors designed to reduce viral tropism in undesired tissues, or with traditional therapeutics to increase the expression of surface molecules for improved tumor targeting. Ablating liver cell-specific interactions through mutation of capsid proteins or chemical means are promising strategies for reducing adenovirus-induced liver toxicity. The nature of tumor neovasculature also influences adenoviral delivery, and the use of vascular disrupting agents such as combretastatin can help elucidate these contributions. In this investigation, we evaluate a variety of these methods for retargeting adenoviral vectors to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and assess the contributions of specific molecular and tissue interactions that affect adenoviral transgene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Hogg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8753, USA
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Pesonen S, Kangasniemi L, Hemminki A. Oncolytic Adenoviruses for the Treatment of Human Cancer: Focus on Translational and Clinical Data. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:12-28. [PMID: 21126047 DOI: 10.1021/mp100219n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sari Pesonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program & Transplantation Laboratory & Haartman Institute & Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, and Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Kangasniemi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program & Transplantation Laboratory & Haartman Institute & Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, and Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program & Transplantation Laboratory & Haartman Institute & Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, and Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Haisma HJ, Bellu AR. Pharmacological interventions for improving adenovirus usage in gene therapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:50-5. [PMID: 20979428 DOI: 10.1021/mp100310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy may be an innovative and promising new treatment strategy for cancer but is limited due to a low efficiency and specificity of gene delivery to the target cells. Adenovirus is the preferred gene therapy vector for systemic delivery because of its unparalleled in vivo transduction efficiency. Intravenous administration of low doses of adenovirus results in adenovirus sequestration in the liver due to binding to the scavenger receptor present on Kupffer cells. When the amount of adenovirus surpasses the binding capacity of Kupffer cells, hepatocytes absorb adenovirus particles in a blood factor-dependent manner. Increasing the Ad dose even more will saturate both the Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Then sinusoid endothelial cells bind adenovirus particles in an RGD motif-dependent manner. Strategies to eradicate the binding to liver cells include drugs to interfere or eliminate binding to specific cell types, adenovirus capsid protein mutations and chemical modifications of adenovirus to shield the capsid proteins from cellular receptors. The combined use of these approaches should ultimately lead to successful systemic application of adenovirus in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde J Haisma
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
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