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Ma R, Bi H, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Yu X, Chen Z, Wang J, Lu C, Zheng J, Li Y, Ding X. Low concentrations of saracatinib promote definitive endoderm differentiation through inhibition of FAK-YAP signaling axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:300. [PMID: 38816763 PMCID: PMC11140888 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the efficiency of definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation is necessary for the generation of diverse organ-like structures. In this study, we used the small molecule inhibitor saracatinib (SAR) to enhance DE differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. SAR significantly improved DE differentiation efficiency at low concentrations. The interaction between SAR and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) was explored through RNA-seq and molecular docking simulations, which further supported the inhibition of DE differentiation by p-FAK overexpression in SAR-treated cells. In addition, we found that SAR inhibited the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of FAK, which promoted DE differentiation. Moreover, the addition of SAR enabled a significant reduction in activin A (AA) from 50 to 10 ng/mL without compromising DE differentiation efficiency. For induction of the pancreatic lineage, 10 ng/ml AA combined with SAR at the DE differentiation stage yielded a comparative number of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic progenitor cells to those obtained by 50 ng/ml AA treatment. Our study highlights SAR as a potential modulator that facilitates the cost-effective generation of DE cells and provides insight into the orchestration of cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Huanjing Bi
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Zuhan Chen
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Cuinan Lu
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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Intoh A, Watanabe-Susaki K, Kato T, Kiritani H, Kurisaki A. EPHA2 is a novel cell surface marker of OCT4-positive undifferentiated cells during the differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024:szae036. [PMID: 38811016 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess the intrinsic ability to differentiate into diverse cellular lineages, marking them as potent instruments in regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, the proclivity of these stem cells to generate teratomas post-transplantation presents a formidable obstacle to their therapeutic utility. In previous studies, we identified an array of cell surface proteins specifically expressed in the pluripotent state, as revealed through proteomic analysis. Here we focused on EPHA2, a protein found to be abundantly present on the surface of undifferentiated mouse ESCs and is diminished upon differentiation. Knock-down of Epha2 led to the spontaneous differentiation of mouse ESCs, underscoring a pivotal role of EPHA2 in maintaining an undifferentiated cell state. Further investigations revealed a strong correlation between EPHA2 and OCT4 expression during the differentiation of both mouse and human PSCs. Notably, removing EPHA2+ cells from mouse ESC-derived hepatic lineage reduced tumor formation after transplanting them into immune-deficient mice. Similarly, in human iPSCs, a larger proportion of EPHA2+ cells correlated with higher OCT4 expression, reflecting the pattern observed in mouse ESCs. Conclusively, EPHA2 emerges as a potential marker for selecting undifferentiated stem cells, providing a valuable method to decrease tumorigenesis risks after stem-cell transplantation in regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Intoh
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hibiki Kiritani
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
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3
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da Silva Nunes Barreto R, da Silva Júnior LN, Henrique Doná Rodrigues Almeida G, de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira B, da Silva TS, Garcia JM, Smith LC, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA. Placental scaffolds as a potential biological platform for embryonic stem cells differentiation into hepatic-like cells lineage: A pilot study. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102181. [PMID: 37515966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic microenvironment plays an essential role in liver regeneration, providing the necessary conditions for cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue rearrangement. One of the key factors for hepatic tissue reconstruction is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which through collagenous and non-collagenous proteins provide a three-dimensional structure that confers support for cell adhesion and assists on their survival and maintenance. In this scenario, placental ECM may be eligible for hepatic tissue reconstruction, once these scaffolds hold the major components required for cell support. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to access the possibility of mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells on placental scaffolds in a three-dimensional dynamic system using a Rotary Cell Culture System. Following a four-phase differentiation protocol that simulates liver embryonic development events, the preliminary results showed that a significant quantity of cells adhered and interacted with the scaffold through outer and inner surfaces. Positive immunolabelling for alpha fetus protein and CK7 suggest presence of hepatoblast phenotype cells, and CK18 and Albumin positive immunolabelling suggest the presence of hepatocyte-like phenotype cells, demonstrating the presence of a heterogeneous population into the recellularized scaffolds. Periodic Acid Schiff-Diastase staining confirmed the presence of glycogen storage, indicating that differentiate cells acquired a hepatic-like phenotype. In conclusion, these preliminary results suggested that mouse placental scaffolds might be used as a biological platform for stem cells differentiation into hepatic-like cells and their establishment, which may be a promissing biomaterial for hepatic tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thamires Santos da Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Mansano Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centre of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Choi YJ, Kim MS, Rhoades JH, Johnson NM, Berry CT, Root S, Chen Q, Tian Y, Fernandez RJ, Cramer Z, Adams-Tzivelekidis S, Li N, Johnson FB, Lengner CJ. Patient-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatostellate Organoids Establish a Basis for Liver Pathologies in Telomeropathies. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:451-472. [PMID: 37302654 PMCID: PMC10404563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a telomere biology disorder caused primarily by mutations in the DKC1 gene. Patients with DC and related telomeropathies resulting from premature telomere dysfunction experience multiorgan failure. In the liver, DC patients present with nodular hyperplasia, steatosis, inflammation, and cirrhosis. However, the mechanism responsible for telomere dysfunction-induced liver disease remains unclear. METHODS We used isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring a causal DC mutation in DKC1 or a CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9)-corrected control allele to model DC liver pathologies. We differentiated these iPSCs into hepatocytes (HEPs) or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) followed by generation of genotype-admixed hepatostellate organoids. Single-cell transcriptomics were applied to hepatostellate organoids to understand cell type-specific genotype-phenotype relationships. RESULTS Directed differentiation of iPSCs into HEPs and stellate cells and subsequent hepatostellate organoid formation revealed a dominant phenotype in the parenchyma, with DC HEPs becoming hyperplastic and also eliciting a pathogenic hyperplastic, proinflammatory response in stellate cells independent of stellate cell genotype. Pathogenic phenotypes in DKC1-mutant HEPs and hepatostellate organoids could be rescued via suppression of serine/threonine kinase AKT (protein kinase B) activity, a central regulator of MYC-driven hyperplasia downstream of DKC1 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Isogenic iPSC-derived admixed hepatostellate organoids offer insight into the liver pathologies in telomeropathies and provide a framework for evaluating emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua H Rhoades
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolette M Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Root
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rafael J Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Adams-Tzivelekidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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5
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Cell Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Potential Mechanisms Leading to Stem-Cell-Derived Pancreatic β-Cell Loss upon Transplant. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050698. [PMID: 36899834 PMCID: PMC10000642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using stem-cell-derived insulin-producing β-like cells (sBCs) has been proposed as a practical cure for patients with type one diabetes (T1D). sBCs can correct diabetes in preclinical animal models, demonstrating the promise of this stem cell-based approach. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that most sBCs, similarly to cadaveric human islets, are lost upon transplantation due to ischemia and other unknown mechanisms. Hence, there is a critical knowledge gap in the current field concerning the fate of sBCs upon engraftment. Here we review, discuss effects, and propose additional potential mechanisms that could contribute toward β-cell loss in vivo. We summarize and highlight some of the literature on phenotypic loss in β-cells under both steady, stressed, and diseased diabetic conditions. Specifically, we focus on β-cell death, dedifferentiation into progenitors, trans-differentiation into other hormone-expressing cells, and/or interconversion into less functional β-cell subtypes as potential mechanisms. While current cell replacement therapy efforts employing sBCs carry great promise as an abundant cell source, addressing the somewhat neglected aspect of β-cell loss in vivo will further accelerate sBC transplantation as a promising therapeutic modality that could significantly enhance the life quality of T1D patients.
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6
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Shafritz DA, Ebrahimkhani MR, Oertel M. Therapeutic Cell Repopulation of the Liver: From Fetal Rat Cells to Synthetic Human Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 36831196 PMCID: PMC9954009 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells isolated from the fetal liver can provide a unique cell source to generate new healthy tissue mass. Almost 20 years ago, it was demonstrated that rat fetal liver cells repopulate the normal host liver environment via a mechanism akin to cell competition. Activin A, which is produced by hepatocytes, was identified as an important player during cell competition. Because of reduced activin receptor expression, highly proliferative fetal liver stem/progenitor cells are resistant to activin A and therefore exhibit a growth advantage compared to hepatocytes. As a result, transplanted fetal liver cells are capable of repopulating normal livers. Important for cell-based therapies, hepatic stem/progenitor cells containing repopulation potential can be separated from fetal hematopoietic cells using the cell surface marker δ-like 1 (Dlk-1). In livers with advanced fibrosis, fetal epithelial stem/progenitor cells differentiate into functional hepatic cells and out-compete injured endogenous hepatocytes, which cause anti-fibrotic effects. Although fetal liver cells efficiently repopulate the liver, they will likely not be used for human cell transplantation. Thus, utilizing the underlying mechanism of repopulation and developed methods to produce similar growth-advantaged cells in vitro, e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), this approach has great potential for developing novel cell-based therapies in patients with liver disease. The present review gives a brief overview of the classic cell transplantation models and various cell sources studied as donor cell candidates. The advantages of fetal liver-derived stem/progenitor cells are discussed, as well as the mechanism of liver repopulation. Moreover, this article reviews the potential of in vitro developed synthetic human fetal livers from iPSCs and their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Shafritz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mo R. Ebrahimkhani
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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7
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Shivalingappa PKM, Singh DK, Sharma V, Arora V, Shiras A, Bapat SA. RBM47 is a Critical Regulator of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:475-490. [PMID: 35986129 PMCID: PMC9391069 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal for regulating gene expression as they are involved in each step of RNA metabolism. Several RBPs are essential for viable growth and development in mammals. RNA-binding motif 47 (RBM47) is an RRM-containing RBP whose role in mammalian embryonic development is poorly understood yet deemed to be essential since its loss in mouse embryos leads to perinatal lethality. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the significance of RBM47 in cell-fate decisions of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Downregulation of Rbm47 did not affect mESC maintenance and the cell cycle but perturbed the expression of primitive endoderm (PrE) markers and increased GATA4 + PrE-like cells. However, the PrE misregulation could be reversed by either overexpressing Rbm47 or treating the knockdown mESCs with the inhibitors of FGFR or MEK, suggesting an implication of RBM47 in regulating FGF-ERK signaling. Rbm47 knockdown affected the multi-lineage differentiation potential of mESCs as it regressed teratoma in NSG mice and led to a skewed expression of differentiation markers in serum-induced monolayer differentiation. Further, lineage-specific differentiation revealed that Rbm47 is essential for proper differentiation of mESCs towards neuroectodermal and endodermal fate. Taken together, we assign a hitherto unknown role(s) to RBM47 in a subtle regulation of mESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Kumari Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vaishali Sharma
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vivek Arora
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Anjali Shiras
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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8
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Tsukamoto M, Kimura K, Yoshida T, Sugiura K, Hatoya S. Canine induced pluripotent stem cells efficiently differentiate into definitive endoderm in 3D cell culture conditions using high-dose activin A. Regen Ther 2022; 21:502-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Yang D, Cho H, Tayyebi Z, Shukla A, Luo R, Dixon G, Ursu V, Stransky S, Tremmel DM, Sackett SD, Koche R, Kaplan SJ, Li QV, Park J, Zhu Z, Rosen BP, Pulecio J, Shi ZD, Bram Y, Schwartz RE, Odorico JS, Sidoli S, Wright CV, Leslie CS, Huangfu D. CRISPR screening uncovers a central requirement for HHEX in pancreatic lineage commitment and plasticity restriction. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1064-1076. [PMID: 35787684 PMCID: PMC9283336 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas and liver arise from a common pool of progenitors. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive their lineage diversification from the foregut endoderm are not fully understood. To tackle this question, we undertook a multifactorial approach that integrated human pluripotent-stem-cell-guided differentiation, genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening, single-cell analysis, genomics and proteomics. We discovered that HHEX, a transcription factor (TF) widely recognized as a key regulator of liver development, acts as a gatekeeper of pancreatic lineage specification. HHEX deletion impaired pancreatic commitment and unleashed an unexpected degree of cellular plasticity towards the liver and duodenum fates. Mechanistically, HHEX cooperates with the pioneer TFs FOXA1, FOXA2 and GATA4, shared by both pancreas and liver differentiation programmes, to promote pancreas commitment, and this cooperation restrains the shared TFs from activating alternative lineages. These findings provide a generalizable model for how gatekeeper TFs like HHEX orchestrate lineage commitment and plasticity restriction in broad developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zakieh Tayyebi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abhijit Shukla
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Renhe Luo
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gary Dixon
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Valeria Ursu
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Samuel J. Kaplan
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing V. Li
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bess P. Rosen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julian Pulecio
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhong-Dong Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christopher V. Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Christina S. Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Correspondence to: (DH), (CSL)
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Correspondence to: (DH), (CSL)
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10
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The context-dependent, combinatorial logic of BMP signaling. Cell Syst 2022; 13:388-407.e10. [PMID: 35421361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication systems typically comprise families of ligand and receptor variants that function together in combinations. Pathway activation depends on the complex way in which ligands are presented extracellularly and receptors are expressed by the signal-receiving cell. To understand the combinatorial logic of such a system, we systematically measured pairwise bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligand interactions in cells with varying receptor expression. Ligands could be classified into equivalence groups based on their profile of positive and negative synergies with other ligands. These groups varied with receptor expression, explaining how ligands can functionally replace each other in one context but not another. Context-dependent combinatorial interactions could be explained by a biochemical model based on the competitive formation of alternative signaling complexes with distinct activities. Together, these results provide insights into the roles of BMP combinations in developmental and therapeutic contexts and establish a framework for analyzing other combinatorial, context-dependent signaling systems.
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11
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Sharma K, Asp NT, Harrison SP, Siller R, Baumgarten SF, Gupta S, Chollet ME, Andersen E, Sullivan GJ, Simonsen A. Autophagy modulates cell fate decisions during lineage commitment. Autophagy 2021; 18:1915-1931. [PMID: 34923909 PMCID: PMC9450964 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2008691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early events during development leading to exit from a pluripotent state and commitment toward a specific germ layer still need in depth understanding. Autophagy has been shown to play a crucial role in both development and differentiation. This study employs human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to understand the early events of lineage commitment with respect to the role of autophagy in this process. Our data indicate that a dip in autophagy facilitates exit from pluripotency. Upon exit, we demonstrate that the modulation of autophagy affects SOX2 levels and lineage commitment, with induction of autophagy promoting SOX2 degradation and mesendoderm formation, whereas inhibition of autophagy causes SOX2 accumulation and neuroectoderm formation. Thus, our results indicate that autophagy-mediated SOX2 turnover is a determining factor for lineage commitment. These findings will deepen our understanding of development and lead to improved methods to derive different lineages and cell types.Abbreviations: ACTB: Actin, beta; ATG: Autophagy-related; BafA1: Bafilomycin A1; CAS9: CRISPR associated protein 9; CQ: Chloroquine; DE: Definitive endoderm; hESCs: Human Embryonic Stem Cells; hiPSCs: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; LAMP1: Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1; MAP1LC3: Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3; MTOR: Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Kinase; NANOG: Nanog Homeobox; PAX6: Paired Box 6; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; POU5F1: POU class 5 Homeobox 1; PRKAA2: Protein Kinase AMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha 2; SOX2: SRY-box Transcription Factor 2; SQSTM1: Sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1; WDFY3: WD Repeat and FYVE Domain Containing 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Nagham T Asp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean P Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira F Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Swapnil Gupta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria E Chollet
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Andersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Abu-Bonsrah KD, Newgreen DF, Dottori M. Development of Functional Thyroid C Cell-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Cells in 2D and in 3D Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112897. [PMID: 34831120 PMCID: PMC8616516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 3–4% of thyroid cancers and affects C cells rather than follicular cells. Thyroid C cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells has not been reported. We report the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thyroid C cell-like cells through definitive endoderm and anterior foregut endoderm and ultimobranchial body-like intermediates in monolayer and 3D Matrigel culture conditions. The protocol involved sequential treatment with interferon/transferrin/selenium/pyruvate, foetal bovine serum, and activin A, then IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), on the basis of embryonic thyroid developmental sequence. As well as expressing C cell lineage relative to follicular-lineage markers by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and immunolabelling, these cells by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) exhibited functional properties in vitro of calcitonin storage and release of calcitonin on calcium challenge. This method will contribute to developmental studies of the human thyroid gland and facilitate in vitro modelling of medullary thyroid carcinoma and provide a valuable platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
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13
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Huang X, Bashkenova N, Yang J, Li D, Wang J. ZFP281 recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 to restrict extraembryonic endoderm potential in safeguarding embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Protein Cell 2021; 12:213-219. [PMID: 32812113 PMCID: PMC7895869 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nazym Bashkenova
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jihong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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14
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Kaji DA, Montero AM, Patel R, Huang AH. Transcriptional profiling of mESC-derived tendon and fibrocartilage cell fate switch. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4208. [PMID: 34244516 PMCID: PMC8270956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators underlying induction and differentiation of dense connective tissues such as tendon and related fibrocartilaginous tissues (meniscus and annulus fibrosus) remain largely unknown. Using an iterative approach informed by developmental cues and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we establish directed differentiation models to generate tendon and fibrocartilage cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by activation of TGFβ and hedgehog pathways, achieving 90% induction efficiency. Transcriptional signatures of the mESC-derived cells recapitulate embryonic tendon and fibrocartilage signatures from the mouse tail. scRNA-seq further identify retinoic acid signaling as a critical regulator of cell fate switch between TGFβ-induced tendon and fibrocartilage lineages. Trajectory analysis by RNA sequencing define transcriptional modules underlying tendon and fibrocartilage fate induction and identify molecules associated with lineage-specific differentiation. Finally, we successfully generate 3-dimensional engineered tissues using these differentiation protocols and show activation of mechanotransduction markers with dynamic tensile loading. These findings provide a serum-free approach to generate tendon and fibrocartilage cells and tissues at high efficiency for modeling development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A Kaji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Montero
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roosheel Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Mai HN, Kim EJ, Jung HS. Application of hiPSCs in tooth regeneration via cellular modulation. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:225-231. [PMID: 34033906 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based technology provides limitless resources for customized development of organs without any ethical concerns. In theory, iPSCs generated from terminally differentiated cells can be induced to further differentiate into all types of organs that are derived from the embryonic germ layers. Since iPSC reprogramming technology is relatively new, extensive efforts by the researchers have been put together to optimize the protocols to establish in vitro differentiation of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into various desirable cell types/organs. HIGHLIGHTS In the present study, we review the potential application of iPSCs as an efficient alternative to primary cells for modulating signal molecules. Furthermore, an efficient culture system that promotes the differentiation of cell lineages and tissue formation has been reviewed. We also summarize the recent studies wherein tissue engineering of the three germ layers has been explored. Particularly, we focus on the current research strategies for iPSC-based tooth regeneration via molecular modulation. CONCLUSION In recent decades, robust knowledge regarding the hiPSC-based regenerative therapy has been accumulated, especially focusing on cellular modulation. This review provides the optimization of the procedures designed to regenerate specific organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ngoc Mai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Takeishi K, Collin de l'Hortet A, Wang Y, Handa K, Guzman-Lepe J, Matsubara K, Morita K, Jang S, Haep N, Florentino RM, Yuan F, Fukumitsu K, Tobita K, Sun W, Franks J, Delgado ER, Shapiro EM, Fraunhoffer NA, Duncan AW, Yagi H, Mashimo T, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Assembly and Function of a Bioengineered Human Liver for Transplantation Generated Solely from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107711. [PMID: 32492423 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of an autologous transplantable auxiliary liver would dramatically affect the treatment of liver disease. Assembly and function in vivo of a bioengineered human liver derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has not been previously described. By improving methods for liver decellularization, recellularization, and differentiation of different liver cellular lineages of human iPSCs in an organ-like environment, we generated functional engineered human mini livers and performed transplantation in a rat model. Whereas previous studies recellularized liver scaffolds largely with rodent hepatocytes, we repopulated not only the parenchyma with human iPSC-hepatocytes but also the vascular system with human iPS-endothelial cells, and the bile duct network with human iPSC-biliary epithelial cells. The regenerated human iPSC-derived mini liver containing multiple cell types was tested in vivo and remained functional for 4 days after auxiliary liver transplantation in immunocompromised, engineered (IL2rg-/-) rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kan Handa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jorge Guzman-Lepe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kentaro Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sae Jang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Fangchao Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Wendell Sun
- LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, NJ 08876, USA
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Evan R Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicolas A Fraunhoffer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1001, Argentina
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Ira J Fox
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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18
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TP63 basal cells are indispensable during endoderm differentiation into proximal airway cells on acellular lung scaffolds. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33674599 PMCID: PMC7935966 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of decellularized whole-organ scaffolds for bioengineering of organs is a promising avenue to circumvent the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. However, recellularization of acellular scaffolds from multicellular organs like the lung with a variety of different cell types remains a challenge. Multipotent cells could be an ideal cell source for recellularization. Here we investigated the hierarchical differentiation process of multipotent ES-derived endoderm cells into proximal airway epithelial cells on acellular lung scaffolds. The first cells to emerge on the scaffolds were TP63+ cells, followed by TP63+/KRT5+ basal cells, and finally multi-ciliated and secretory airway epithelial cells. TP63+/KRT5+ basal cells on the scaffolds simultaneously expressed KRT14, like basal cells involved in airway repair after injury. Removal of TP63 by CRISPR/Cas9 in the ES cells halted basal and airway cell differentiation on the scaffolds. These findings suggest that differentiation of ES-derived endoderm cells into airway cells on decellularized lung scaffolds proceeds via TP63+ basal cell progenitors and tracks a regenerative repair pathway. Understanding the process of differentiation is key for choosing the cell source for repopulation of a decellularized organ scaffold. Our data support the use of airway basal cells for repopulating the airway side of an acellular lung scaffold.
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19
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Şişli HB, Şenkal S, Sağraç D, Hayal TB, Doğan A. Feeder-Dependent/Independent Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Protocol. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2520:101-115. [PMID: 33945144 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were first derived and cultured nearly 30 years ago and have been beneficial tools to create transgenic mice and to study early mammalian development so far. Fibroblast feeder cell layers are often used at some stage in the culture protocol of mESCs. The feeder layer-often mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)-contribute to the mESC culture as a substrate to increase culture efficiency, maintain pluripotency, and facilitate survival and growth of the stem cells. Various feeder-dependent and feeder-independent culture and differentiation protocols have been established for mESCs. Here we describe the isolation, culture, and preparation feeder cell layers and establishment of feeder-dependent/independent protocol for mESC culture. In addition, basic mESC protocols for culture, storage, and differentiation were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Sağraç
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Bartu Hayal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Posabella A, Alber AB, Undeutsch HJ, Droeser RA, Hollenberg AN, Ikonomou L, Kotton DN. Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666565. [PMID: 33959101 PMCID: PMC8095374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies to reconstitute in vivo organ function hold great promise for future clinical applications to a variety of diseases. Hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells, provided a source of autologous cells can be generated and a variety of technical and biological challenges can be surmounted. Here we review the emerging literature indicating that thyroid follicular epithelial cells can now be engineered in vitro from the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mice, normal humans, or patients with congenital hypothyroidism. We review the in vivo embryonic development of the thyroid gland and explain how emerging discoveries in developmental biology have been utilized as a roadmap for driving PSCs, which resemble cells of the early embryo, into mature functional thyroid follicles in vitro. Finally, we discuss the bioengineering, biological, and clinical hurdles that now need to be addressed if the goals of life-long cure of hypothyroidism through cell- and/or gene-based therapies are to be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Posabella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Alber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hendrik J. Undeutsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raoul A. Droeser
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Darrell N. Kotton,
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21
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Tian L, Gao J, Garcia IM, Chen HJ, Castaldi A, Chen YW. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids: Potential applications in development and disease modeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e399. [PMID: 33145915 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary system is comprised of two main compartments, airways and alveolar space. Their tissue and cellular complexity ensure lung function and protection from external agents, for example, virus. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro systems and animal models have been largely employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying human lung development, physiology, and pathogenesis. However, neither of these models accurately recapitulate the human lung environment and cellular crosstalk. More recently, human-derived three-dimensional (3D) models have been generated allowing for a deeper understanding of cell-to-cell communication. However, the availability and accessibility of primary human cell sources from which generate the 2D and 3D models may be limited. In the past few years, protocols have been developed to successfully employ human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and differentiate them toward pulmonary fate in vitro. In the present review, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of hPSC-derived lung 2D and 3D models, including the main characteristics and potentials for these models and their current and future applications for modeling development and diseases. Lung organoids currently represent the closest model to the human pulmonary system. We further focus on the applications of lung organoids for the study of human diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, infectious diseases, and lung cancer. Finally, we discuss the present limitations and potential future applications of 3D lung organoids. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irving M Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Ben May department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Oss-Ronen L, Redden RA, Lelkes PI. Enhanced Induction of Definitive Endoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Simulated Microgravity. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1275-1284. [PMID: 32731794 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward definitive endoderm (DE) offers great research and therapeutic potential since these cells can further differentiate into cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as associated organs such as pancreas, liver, and thyroid. We hypothesized that culturing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions in rotary bioreactors (BRs) will enhance the induction of directed DE differentiation. To test our hypothesis, we cultured the cells for 6 days in two-dimensional monolayer colony cultures or as embryoid bodies (EBs) in either static conditions or, dynamically, in the rotary BRs. We used flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression of marker proteins and genes, respectively, for pluripotency (Oct3/4) and mesendodermal (Brachyury T), endodermal (FoxA2, Sox17, CxCr4), and mesodermal (Vimentin, Meox1) lineages. Culture in the form of EBs in maintenance media in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor, in static or SMG conditions, induced expression of some of the differentiation markers, suggesting heterogeneity of the cells. This is in line with previous studies showing that differentiation is initiated as cells are aggregated into EBs even without supplementing differentiation factors to the media. Culturing EBs in static conditions in differentiation media (DM) in the presence of activin A reduced Oct3/4 expression and significantly increased Brachyury T and CxCr4 expression, but downregulated FoxA2 and Sox17. However, culturing in SMG BRs in DM upregulated Brachyury T and all of the DE markers and reduced Oct3/4 expression, indicating the advantage of dynamic cultures in BRs to specifically enhance directed DE differentiation. Given the potential discrepancies between the SMG conditions on earth and actual microgravity conditions, as observed in other studies, future experiments in space flight are required to validate the effects of reduced gravity on mESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Oss-Ronen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A Redden
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Kim IS, Wu J, Rahme GJ, Battaglia S, Dixit A, Gaskell E, Chen H, Pinello L, Bernstein BE. Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Genetic Recording Reveals Lineage Decisions in Developing Embryoid Bodies. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108222. [PMID: 33027665 PMCID: PMC7646252 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early developmental specification can be modeled by differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to embryoid bodies (EBs), a heterogeneous mixture of three germ layers. Here, we combine single-cell transcriptomics and genetic recording to characterize EB differentiation. We map transcriptional states along a time course and model cell fate trajectories and branchpoints as cells progress to distinct germ layers. To validate this inferential model, we propose an innovative inducible genetic recording technique that leverages recombination to generate cell-specific, timestamp barcodes in a narrow temporal window. We validate trajectory architecture and key branchpoints, including early specification of a primordial germ cell (PGC)-like lineage from preimplantation epiblast-like cells. We further identify a temporally defined role of DNA methylation in this PGC-epiblast decision. Our study provides a high-resolution lineage map for an organoid model of embryogenesis, insights into epigenetic determinants of fate specification, and a strategy for lineage mapping of rapid differentiation processes. Kim et al. present a temporally precise genetic recording system for lineage tracing and transcriptomics analysis of single cells. They generate a trajectory map and single-cell transcriptional atlas of developing embryoid bodies, an organoid model of pre-gastrulation embryogenesis. These data reveal transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of early cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gilbert J Rahme
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sofia Battaglia
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Atray Dixit
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gaskell
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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24
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Sahu S, Sharan SK. Translating Embryogenesis to Generate Organoids: Novel Approaches to Personalized Medicine. iScience 2020; 23:101485. [PMID: 32864586 PMCID: PMC7441954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The astounding capacity of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to differentiate and self-organize has revolutionized the development of 3D cell culture models. The major advantage is its ability to mimic in vivo microenvironments and cellular interactions when compared with the classical 2D cell culture models. Recent innovations in generating embryo-like structures (including blastoids and gastruloids) from PSCs have advanced the experimental accessibility to understand embryogenesis with immense potential to model human development. Taking cues on how embryonic development leads to organogenesis, PSCs can also be directly differentiated to form mini-organs or organoids of a particular lineage. Organoids have opened new avenues to augment our understanding of stem cell and regenerative biology, tissue homeostasis, and disease mechanisms. In this review, we provide insights from developmental biology with a comprehensive resource of signaling pathways that in a coordinated manner form embryo-like structures and organoids. Moreover, the advent of assembloids and multilineage organoids from PSCs opens a new dimension to study paracrine function and multi-tissue interactions in vitro. Although this led to an avalanche of enthusiasm to utilize organoids for organ transplantation studies, we examine the current limitations and provide perspectives to improve reproducibility, scalability, functional complexity, and cell-type characterization. Taken together, these 3D in vitro organ-specific and patient-specific models hold great promise for drug discovery, clinical management, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Sahu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-04, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shyam K. Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-33, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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25
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Hor P, Ichida JK, Borok Z, Ryan AL. Protocol for Differentiation of Human iPSCs into Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100068. [PMID: 33111106 PMCID: PMC7580194 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are sensory cells within the lung airway epithelia. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for generating induced PNECs (iPNECs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The cellular and molecular profile of iPNECs resembles primary human PNECs. Primary human PNECs are exceedingly rare, comprising only 1% of the adult lung. Therefore, a self-renewing source of patient-specific iPNECs facilitates the creation of reproducible human cellular models to study lung diseases characterized by PNEC dysfunction. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hor et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hor
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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26
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Giadone RM, Liberti DC, Matte TM, Rosarda JD, Torres-Arancivia C, Ghosh S, Diedrich JK, Pankow S, Skvir N, Jean JC, Yates JR, Wilson AA, Connors LH, Kotton DN, Wiseman RL, Murphy GJ. Expression of Amyloidogenic Transthyretin Drives Hepatic Proteostasis Remodeling in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Systemic Amyloid Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:515-528. [PMID: 32735824 PMCID: PMC7419739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic amyloidoses are diverse disorders in which misfolded proteins are secreted by effector organs and deposited as proteotoxic aggregates at downstream tissues. Although well described clinically, the contribution of synthesizing organs to amyloid disease pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we utilize hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to define the contribution of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) to the proteotoxicity of secreted transthyretin (TTR). To this end, we generated isogenic, patient-specific iPSCs expressing either amyloidogenic or wild-type TTR. We combined this tool with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify hepatic proteostasis factors correlating with destabilized TTR production in iPSC-derived HLCs. By generating an ATF6 inducible patient-specific iPSC line, we demonstrated that enhancing hepatic ER proteostasis preferentially reduces the secretion of amyloidogenic TTR. These data highlight the liver's capacity to chaperone misfolded TTR prior to deposition, and moreover suggest the potential for unfolded protein response modulating therapeutics in the treatment of diverse systemic amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Giadone
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor M Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celia Torres-Arancivia
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Pankow
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Maepa SW, Ndlovu H. Advances in generating liver cells from pluripotent stem cells as a tool for modeling liver diseases. Stem Cells 2020; 38:606-612. [PMID: 32012379 PMCID: PMC7216946 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing robust in vitro models of the liver is essential for studying the pathogenesis of liver diseases, hepatotoxicity testing, and regenerative medicine. Earlier studies were conducted using cell lines derived from hepatomas. Due to the inherent limitations of cell lines, researchers used primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are considered a gold standard for in vitro modeling of the liver. However, due to the high cost of PHHs and lack of donors, researchers have sought an alternative source for functional liver cells. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) emerged as a viable alternative due to their plasticity and high proliferative capacity. This review gives an overview of the major advances that have been achieved to develop protocols to generate liver cells such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and Küpffer cells from PSCs. We also discuss their application in modeling the pathogenesis of liver diseases such as drug‐induced liver injury, acute liver failure, and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setjie W Maepa
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Tsuji H, Sasaki A, Murata T, Itoh M, Baghdadi M, Seino KI. Efficient generation of thymic epithelium from induced pluripotent stem cells that prolongs allograft survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:224. [PMID: 31937817 PMCID: PMC6959230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus plays a significant role in establishing immunological self-tolerance. Previous studies have revealed that host immune reaction to allogeneic transplants could be regulated by thymus transplantation. However, physiological thymus involution hinders the clinical application of these insights. Here, we report an efficient generation of thymic epithelial-like tissue derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and its potential to regulate immune reaction in allogeneic transplantation. We established an iPSC line which constitutively expresses mouse Foxn1 gene and examined the effect of its expression during in vitro differentiation of thymic epithelial cells (TECs). We found that Foxn1 expression enhances the differentiation induction of cells expressing TEC-related cell surface molecules along with upregulation of endogenous Foxn1. iPSC-derived TECs (iPSC-TECs) generated T cells in nude recipient mice after renal subcapsular transplantation. Moreover, iPSC-TEC transplantation to immuno-competent recipients significantly prolonged the survival of allogeneic skin. Our study provides a novel concept for allogeneic transplantation in the setting of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hyuma Tsuji
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Airi Sasaki
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mizuho Itoh
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Muhammad Baghdadi
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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29
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Varma R, Soleas JP, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, McGuigan AP. Current strategies and opportunities to manufacture cells for modeling human lungs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:90-109. [PMID: 32835746 PMCID: PMC7442933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases remain major healthcare burdens, for which the only curative treatment is lung transplantation. In vitro human models are promising platforms for identifying and testing novel compounds to potentially decrease this burden. Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an important strategy to generate lung cells to create such models. Current lung directed differentiation protocols are limited as they do not 1) recapitulate the diversity of respiratory epithelium, 2) generate consistent or sufficient cell numbers for drug discovery platforms, and 3) establish the histologic tissue-level organization critical for modeling lung function. In this review, we describe how lung development has formed the basis for directed differentiation protocols, and discuss the utility of available protocols for lung epithelial cell generation and drug development. We further highlight tissue engineering strategies for manipulating biophysical signals during directed differentiation such that future protocols can recapitulate both chemical and physical cues present during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Varma
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John P Soleas
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
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30
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Liew LC, Gailhouste L, Tan GC, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita F, Nakagama H, Ochiya T. MicroRNA-124a inhibits endoderm lineage commitment by targeting Sox17 and Gata6 in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2019; 38:504-515. [PMID: 31828873 PMCID: PMC7187259 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during mouse early development, especially in endoderm germ layer formation, is largely unknown. Here, via miRNA profiling during endoderm differentiation, we discovered that miR‐124a negatively regulates endoderm lineage commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). To further investigate the functional role of miR‐124a in early stages of differentiation, transfection of embryoid bodies with miR‐124a mimic was performed. We showed that overexpression of miR‐124a inhibits endoderm differentiation in vitro through targeting the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of Sox17 and Gata6, revealing the existence of interplay between miR‐124a and the Sox17/Gata6 transcription factors in hepato‐specific gene regulation. In addition, we presented a feasible in vivo system that utilizes teratoma and gene expression profiling from microarray to quantitatively evaluate the functional role of miRNA in lineage specification. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR‐124a in teratomas by intratumor delivery of miR‐124a mimic and Atelocollagen, significantly suppressed endoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation while augmenting the differentiation into ectoderm lineage. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR‐124a plays a significant role in mESCs lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Functional Analysis, FIOC, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Dual Inhibition of BMP and WNT Signals Promotes Pancreatic Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5026793. [PMID: 31885612 PMCID: PMC6914911 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5026793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological or functional loss of pancreatic beta cells is the cause of diabetes. Understanding how signaling pathways regulate pancreatic lineage and searching for combinations of signal modulators to promote pancreatic differentiation will definitely facilitate the robust generation of functional beta cells for curing hyperglycemia. In this study, we first tested the effect of several potent BMP inhibitors on pancreatic differentiation using human embryonic stem cells. Next, we examined the endodermal lineage bias upon potent BMP inhibitor treatment and further checked the crosstalk between signal pathways governing endodermal lineage determination. Furthermore, we improved current pancreatic differentiation system based on the signaling pathway study. Finally, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells to validate our finding. We found BMP inhibitors indeed not only blocked hepatic lineage but also impeded intestinal lineage from human definitive endoderm unexpectedly. Signaling pathway analysis indicated potent BMP inhibitor resulted in the decrease of WNT signal activity and inhibition of WNT could contribute to the improved pancreatic differentiation. Herein, we combined the dual inhibition of BMP and WNT signaling and greatly enhanced human pancreatic progenitor differentiation as well as beta cell generation from both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Conclusively, our present work identified the crosstalk between the BMP and WNT signal pathways during human endoderm patterning and pancreas specification, and provided an improved in vitro pancreatic directed differentiation protocol from human pluripotent stem cells.
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32
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Jacob A, Vedaie M, Roberts DA, Thomas DC, Villacorta-Martin C, Alysandratos KD, Hawkins F, Kotton DN. Derivation of self-renewing lung alveolar epithelial type II cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:3303-3332. [PMID: 31732721 PMCID: PMC7275645 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s) are the facultative progenitors of lung alveoli and serve as the surfactant-producing cells of air-breathing organisms. Although primary human AEC2s are difficult to maintain stably in cell cultures, recent advances have facilitated the derivation of AEC2-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the directed differentiation of hPSCs into self-renewing AEC2-like cells that can be maintained for up to 1 year in culture as epithelial-only spheres without the need for supporting mesenchymal feeder cells. The month-long protocol requires recapitulation of the sequence of milestones associated with in vivo development of the distal lung, beginning with differentiation of cells into anterior foregut endoderm, which is followed by their lineage specification into NKX2-1+ lung progenitors and then distal/alveolar differentiation to produce progeny that express transcripts and possess functional properties associated with AEC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jacob
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Roberts
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan C Thomas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakai S, Shibata I, Shitamichi T, Yamaguchi H, Takagi N, Inoue T, Nakagawa T, Kiyokawa J, Wakabayashi S, Miyoshi T, Higashi E, Ishida S, Shiraki N, Kume S. Collagen vitrigel promotes hepatocytic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042192. [PMID: 31182631 PMCID: PMC6679405 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells to hepatocytes provides an unlimited supply of human hepatocytes and therefore has been vigorously studied. However, to date, the stem cell-derived hepatocytes were suggested to be of immature features. To obtain matured hepatocytes from stem cells, we tested the effect of culturing human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell-derived endoderm cells on collagen vitrigel membrane and compared with our previous reported nanofiber matrix. We cultured hiPS cell-derived endoderm cells on a collagen vitrigel membrane and examined the expression profiles, and tested the activity of metabolic enzymes. Gene expression profile analysis of hepatocytic differentiation markers revealed that upon culture on collagen vitrigel membrane, immature markers of AFP decreased, with a concomitant increase in the expression of mature hepatocyte transcription factors and mature hepatocyte markers such as ALB, ASGR1. Mature markers involved in liver functions, such as transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and phase II metabolic enzymes were also upregulated. We observed the upregulation of the liver markers for at least 2 weeks. Gene array profiling analysis revealed that hiPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hiPS-hep) resemble those of the primary hepatocytes. Functions of the CYP enzyme activities were tested in multi-institution and all revealed high CYP1A, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A activity, which could be maintained for at least 2 weeks in culture. Taken together, the present approach identified that collagen vitrigel membrane provides a suitable environment for the generation of hepatocytes from hiPS cells that resemble many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes. Summary: We found that collagen vitrigel membrane used as scaffold potentiates differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells that exhibit mature functions of the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nakai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ima Shibata
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shitamichi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takagi
- Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 2-1, Nihonbashi Muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0022, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inoue
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Toshito Nakagawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kiyokawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakabayashi
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miyoshi
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Eriko Higashi
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Science, 3-25-26 Tonomati, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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34
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Cisneros T, Dillard DW, Qu X, Arredondo-Guerrero J, Castro M, Schaffert S, Martin R, Esquivel CO, Krams SM, Martinez OM. Differential role of natural killer group 2D in recognition and cytotoxicity of hepatocyte-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1652-1662. [PMID: 30549427 PMCID: PMC6543818 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based approaches have the potential to address the organ shortage in transplantation. Whereas both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have been utilized as cellular sources for differentiation and lineage specification, their relative ability to be recognized by immune effector cells is unclear. We determined the expression of immune recognition molecules on hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) generated from murine embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, compared to adult hepatocytes, and we evaluated the impact on recognition by natural killer (NK) cells. We report that HLC lack MHC class I expression, and that embryonic stem cell-derived HLC have higher expression of the NK cell activating ligands Rae1, H60, and Mult1 than induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC and adult hepatocytes. Moreover, the lack of MHC class I renders embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC, susceptible to killing by syngeneic and allogeneic NK cells. Both embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC, are killed by NK cells at higher levels than adult hepatocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that the NK cell activation receptor, NKG2D, plays a key role in NK cell cytotoxicity of embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, but not induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Cisneros
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle W. Dillard
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiumei Qu
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Martha Castro
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Schaffert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renata Martin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheri M. Krams
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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35
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Ang LT, Tan AKY, Autio MI, Goh SH, Choo SH, Lee KL, Tan J, Pan B, Lee JJH, Lum JJ, Lim CYY, Yeo IKX, Wong CJY, Liu M, Oh JLL, Chia CPL, Loh CH, Chen A, Chen Q, Weissman IL, Loh KM, Lim B. A Roadmap for Human Liver Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2190-2205. [PMID: 29466743 PMCID: PMC5854481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
How are closely related lineages, including liver, pancreas, and intestines, diversified from a common endodermal origin? Here, we apply principles learned from developmental biology to rapidly reconstitute liver progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Mapping the formation of multiple endodermal lineages revealed how alternate endodermal fates (e.g., pancreas and intestines) are restricted during liver commitment. Human liver fate was encoded by combinations of inductive and repressive extracellular signals at different doses. However, these signaling combinations were temporally re-interpreted: cellular competence to respond to retinoid, WNT, TGF-β, and other signals sharply changed within 24 hr. Consequently, temporally dynamic manipulation of extracellular signals was imperative to suppress the production of unwanted cell fates across six consecutive developmental junctures. This efficiently generated 94.1% ± 7.35% TBX3+HNF4A+ human liver bud progenitors and 81.5% ± 3.2% FAH+ hepatocyte-like cells by days 6 and 18 of hPSC differentiation, respectively; the latter improved short-term survival in the Fah-/-Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mouse model of liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Teng Ang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| | - Antson Kiat Yee Tan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Matias I Autio
- Human Genetics Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Su Hua Goh
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Siew Hua Choo
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianmin Tan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Bangfen Pan
- Human Genetics Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jane Jia Hui Lee
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jen Jen Lum
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Christina Ying Yan Lim
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Kai Xin Yeo
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Chloe Jin Yee Wong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Humanized Mouse Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jueween Ling Li Oh
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Pei Lynn Chia
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore 529757, Singapore
| | - Chet Hong Loh
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Angela Chen
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Humanized Mouse Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Lim
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
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36
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Kumar R, Evans T. Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Signaling to Achieve the Naïve Pluripotent State During Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1003-1017. [PMID: 31021461 PMCID: PMC6766926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived by in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells retain the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into many cell types. Pluripotency encompasses multiple states, with naïve iPSCs considered as ground state, possessing high levels of self-renewal capacity and maximum potential without lineage restriction. We showed previously that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) facilitates stabilization of pluripotency during reprogramming. Here, we report that Acida-/- iPSCs, even when successfully reprogrammed, fail to achieve the naïve pluripotent state and remain primed for differentiation because of a failure to suppress fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling. Although the mutant cells display marked genomic hypermethylation, suppression of FGF/ERK signaling by AICDA is independent of deaminase activity. Thus, our study identifies AICDA as a novel regulator of naïve pluripotency through its activity on FGF/ERK signaling. Stem Cells 2019;37:1003-1017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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37
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Silva TP, Cotovio JP, Bekman E, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS, Fernandes TG. Design Principles for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4508470. [PMID: 31149014 PMCID: PMC6501244 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4508470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human morphogenesis is a complex process involving distinct microenvironmental and physical signals that are manipulated in space and time to give rise to complex tissues and organs. Advances in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology have promoted the in vitro recreation of processes involved in human morphogenesis. The development of organoids from human PSCs represents one reliable source for modeling a large spectrum of human disorders, as well as a promising approach for drug screening and toxicological tests. Based on the "self-organization" capacity of stem cells, different PSC-derived organoids have been created; however, considerable differences between in vitro-generated PSC-derived organoids and their in vivo counterparts have been reported. Advances in the bioengineering field have allowed the manipulation of different components, including cellular and noncellular factors, to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. In this review, we focus on different examples of bioengineering approaches used to promote the self-organization of stem cells, including assembly, patterning, and morphogenesis in vitro, contributing to tissue-like structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João P. Cotovio
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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FGF signal is not required for hepatoblast differentiation of human iPS cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3713. [PMID: 30842525 PMCID: PMC6403225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells are expected to be utilized in pharmaceutical research and regenerative medicine. In general, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells through definitive endoderm cells and hepatoblast-like cells using various growth factors that are essential for liver development. Although recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are widely used in the hepatoblast differentiation, hepatoblast differentiation process has not been fully modified. In this study, we examined the roles of BMPs and FGFs in the hepatoblast differentiation from human iPS cells. Surprisingly, the gene expression levels of hepatoblast markers were upregulated by the removal of FGFs. In addition, the percentages of hepatoblast markers-positive cells were increased by the removal of FGFs. Furthermore, the hepatocyte differentiation potency was also significantly increased by the removal of FGFs. To examine whether FGF signals are completely unnecessary for the hepatoblast differentiation, the expression levels of endogenous FGF ligands and receptors were examined. The definitive endoderm cells highly expressed the FGF ligand, FGF2, and the FGF receptor, FGFR1. To examine the role of endogenous FGF signals, an FGFR inhibitor was treated during the hepatoblast differentiation. The hepatoblast differentiation was promoted by using FGFR inhibitor, suggesting that endogenous FGF signals are also unnecessary for the hepatoblast differentiation. In conclusion, we found that FGF signals are not essential for hepatoblast differentiation. We believe that our finding will be useful for generating functional hepatocyte-like cells for medical applications.
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Heslop JA, Duncan SA. The Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Liver Development and Disease. Hepatology 2019; 69:1306-1316. [PMID: 30251414 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has transformed the investigation of liver development and disease. Clinical observations and animal models have provided the foundations of our understanding in these fields. While animal models remain essential research tools, long experimental lead times and low throughput limit the scope of investigations. The ability of PSCs to produce large numbers of human hepatocyte-like cells, with a given or modified genetic background, allows investigators to use previously incompatible experimental techniques, such as high-throughput screens, to enhance our understanding of liver development and disease. In this review, we explore how PSCs have expedited our understanding of developmental mechanisms and have been used to identify new therapeutic options for numerous hepatic diseases. We discuss the future directions of the field, including how to further unlock the potential of the PSC model to make it amenable for use with a broader range of assays and a greater repertoire of diseases. Furthermore, we evaluate the current weaknesses of the PSC model and the directions open to researchers to address these limitations. Conclusion: The use of PSCs to model human liver disease and development has and will continue to have substantial impact, which is likely to further expand as protocols used to generate hepatic cells are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Heslop
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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40
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Raasch M, Fritsche E, Kurtz A, Bauer M, Mosig AS. Microphysiological systems meet hiPSC technology - New tools for disease modeling of liver infections in basic research and drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:51-67. [PMID: 29908880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex cell culture models such as microphysiological models (MPS) mimicking human liver functionality in vitro are in the spotlight as alternative to conventional cell culture and animal models. Promising techniques like microfluidic cell culture or micropatterning by 3D bioprinting are gaining increasing importance for the development of MPS to address the needs for more predictivity and cost efficiency. In this context, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer new perspectives for the development of advanced liver-on-chip systems by recreating an in vivo like microenvironment that supports the reliable differentiation of hiPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). In this review we will summarize current protocols of HLC generation and highlight recently established MPS suitable to resemble physiological hepatocyte function in vitro. In addition, we are discussing potential applications of liver MPS for disease modeling related to systemic or direct liver infections and the use of MPS in testing of new drug candidates.
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Impact of Three-Dimentional Culture Systems on Hepatic Differentiation of Puripotent Stem Cells and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30357683 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Generation of functional hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a vital tool to produce large amounts of human hepatocytes, which hold a great promise for biomedical and regenerative medicine applications. Despite a tremendous progress in developing the differentiation protocols recapitulating the developmental signalling and stages, these resulting hepatocytes from hPSCs yet achieve maturation and functionality comparable to those primary hepatocytes. The absence of 3D milieu in the culture and differentiation of these hepatocytes may account for this, at least partly, thus developing an optimal 3D culture could be a step forward to achieve this aim. Hence, review focuses on current development of 3D culture systems for hepatic differentiation and maturation and the future perspectives of its application.
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42
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Kaserman JE, Wilson AA. Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2018; 5:258-266. [PMID: 30723783 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.5.4.2017.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PIZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal recessive disease affecting approximately 100,000 individuals in the United States and one of the most common hereditary causes of liver disease.1 The most common form of the disease results from a single base pair mutation (Glu342Lys), known as the "Z" mutation, that encodes a mutant protein (Z alpha-1 antritypsin [AAT]) that is prone to misfolding and is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rather than appropriately secreted. Some of the retained mutant protein attains an unusual aggregated or polymerized conformation. Retained polymeric ZAAT aggregates are hepatotoxic and lead to downstream liver disease in a subset of PiZZ neonates and adults through a gain-of-function mechanism. PiZZ individuals are likewise highly predisposed to developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema as a result of low circulating levels of AAT protein and associated protease-antiprotease imbalance. Much of our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AATD is based on studies employing either transgenic mice that express the mutant human Z allele or immortalized cell lines transduced to overexpress ZAAT. While they have been quite informative, these models fail to capture the patient-to-patient variability in disease phenotype that clinicians observe in their AATD patients, raising the question of whether alternative models might provide new insight. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), first described in 2006, have the capacity to differentiate into a broad array of cell types from all 3 germ layers, including hepatocytes. Disease-specific iPSCs have been derived from patients with a variety of monogenic disorders and have been found to faithfully recapitulate features of such diseases as spinal muscular atrophy, familial dysautonomia, Rett syndrome, polycythemia vera, type 1A glycogen storage disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, long QT syndrome, and others. This discussion reviews the potential applications of iPSCs for understanding AATD-associated liver disease as well as for development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Giadone RM, Rosarda JD, Akepati PR, Thomas AC, Boldbaatar B, James MF, Wilson AA, Sanchorawala V, Connors LH, Berk JL, Wiseman RL, Murphy GJ. A library of ATTR amyloidosis patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling and in vitro testing of novel therapeutics. Amyloid 2018; 25:148-155. [PMID: 30032658 PMCID: PMC6319917 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1489228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominant protein-folding disorder caused by over 100 distinct mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. In ATTR amyloidosis, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms amyloid fibrils in downstream target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system. Few animal models of ATTR amyloidosis exist and none recapitulate the multisystem complexity and clinical variability associated with disease pathogenesis in patients. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and perhaps treat patients afflicted with highly variable multisystem diseases such as ATTR amyloidosis. Here, we fully characterize six representative iPSC lines from a library of previously reprogrammed iPSC lines and reprogrammable blood samples derived from ATTR amyloidosis patients. This unique resource, described herein, can be harnessed to study diverse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Giadone
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- b Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Prithvi Reddy Akepati
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Arianne C Thomas
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Batbold Boldbaatar
- c Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Marianne F James
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Vaishali Sanchorawala
- d Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,e Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- c Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John L Berk
- d Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- b Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - George J Murphy
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,e Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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Coll M, Perea L, Boon R, Leite SB, Vallverdú J, Mannaerts I, Smout A, El Taghdouini A, Blaya D, Rodrigo-Torres D, Graupera I, Aguilar-Bravo B, Chesne C, Najimi M, Sokal E, Lozano JJ, van Grunsven LA, Verfaillie CM, Sancho-Bru P. Generation of Hepatic Stellate Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Enables In Vitro Modeling of Liver Fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:101-113.e7. [PMID: 30049452 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of complex in vitro hepatic systems and artificial liver devices has been hampered by the lack of reliable sources for relevant cell types, such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here we report efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into HSC-like cells (iPSC-HSCs). iPSC-HSCs closely resemble primary human HSCs at the transcriptional, cellular, and functional levels and possess a gene expression profile intermediate between that of quiescent and activated HSCs. Functional analyses revealed that iPSC-HSCs accumulate retinyl esters in lipid droplets and are activated in response to mediators of wound healing, similar to their in vivo counterparts. When maintained as 3D spheroids with HepaRG hepatocytes, iPSC-HSCs exhibit a quiescent phenotype but mount a fibrogenic response and secrete pro-collagen in response to known stimuli and hepatocyte toxicity. Thus, this protocol provides a robust in vitro system for studying HSC development, modeling liver fibrosis, and drug toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Coll
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Boon
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofia B Leite
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Vallverdú
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayla Smout
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delia Blaya
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilar-Bravo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
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Han S, Tan C, Ding J, Wang J, Ma'ayan A, Gouon-Evans V. Endothelial cells instruct liver specification of embryonic stem cell-derived endoderm through endothelial VEGFR2 signaling and endoderm epigenetic modifications. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:163-170. [PMID: 29936335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver organogenesis requires complex cell-cell interactions between hepatic endoderm cells and adjacent cell niches. Endothelial cells are key players for endoderm hepatic fate decision. We previously demonstrated that the endothelial cell niche promotes hepatic specification of mouse embryonic stem cell(ESC)-derived endoderm through dual repression of Wnt and Notch pathways in endoderm cells. In the present study, we dissected further the mechanisms by which endothelial cells trigger endoderm hepatic specification. Using our previously established in vitro mouse ESC system mimicking the early hepatic specification process, endoderm cells were purified and co-cultured with endothelial cells to induce hepatic specification. The comparison of transcriptome profiles between hepatic endoderm cells isolated from co-cultures and endoderm cells cultured alone revealed that VEGF signaling instructs hepatic specification of endoderm cells through endothelial VEGFR2 activation. Additionally, epigenetic mark inhibition assays upon co-cultures uncovered that histone acetylation and DNA methylation promote hepatic specification while histone methylation inhibits it. This study provides an efficient 2D platform modelling the endothelial cell niche crosstalk with endoderm, and reveals mechanisms by which endothelial cells promote hepatic specification of mouse ESC-derived endoderm cells through endothelial VEGFR2 activation and endoderm epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Han
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Tan
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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McCauley KB, Hawkins F, Kotton DN. Derivation of Epithelial-Only Airway Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:e51. [PMID: 30040246 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New protocols to efficiently generate functional airway epithelial organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would represent a major advance towards effective disease modeling, drug screening and cell based therapies for lung disorders. This unit describes an approach using stage-specific signaling pathway manipulation to differentiate cells to proximal airway epithelium via key developmental intermediates. Cells are directed via definitive endoderm (DE) to anterior foregut, and then specified to NKX2-1+ lung epithelial progenitors. These lung progenitors are purified using cell surface marker sorting and replated in defined culture conditions to form three-dimensional, epithelial-only airway organoids. This directed differentiation approach using serum-free, defined media also includes protocols for evaluation of DE induction, intracellular FACS analysis of NKX2-1 specification efficiency and enrichment, and approaches for characterization and expansion of airway organoids. Taken together, this represents an efficient and reproducible approach to generate expandable airway organoids from human PSCs for use in numerous downstream applications. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B McCauley
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Rothová M, Hölzenspies JJ, Livigni A, Villegas SN, Brickman JM. Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Ventral Foregut Precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 36:1G.3.1-1G.3.12. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc01g03s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Livigni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Nahuel Villegas
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Joshua M. Brickman
- Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
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48
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Zhang RR, Koido M, Tadokoro T, Ouchi R, Matsuno T, Ueno Y, Sekine K, Takebe T, Taniguchi H. Human iPSC-Derived Posterior Gut Progenitors Are Expandable and Capable of Forming Gut and Liver Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:780-793. [PMID: 29429958 PMCID: PMC5919071 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early endoderm progenitors naturally possess robust propagating potential to develop a majority of meter-long gastrointestinal tracts and are therefore considered as a promising source for therapy. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible generation of human CDX2+ posterior gut endoderm cells (PGECs) from five induced pluripotent stem cell clones by manipulating FGF, TGF, and WNT signaling. Transcriptome analysis suggested that putative PGECs harbored an intermediate signature profile between definitive endoderm and organ-specific endoderm. We found that combinatorial EGF, VEGF, FGF2, Chir99021, and A83-01 treatments selectively amplify storable PGECs up to 1021 cell scale without any gene transduction or feeder use. PGECs, compared with induced pluripotent stem cells, showed stable differentiation propensity into multiple endodermal lineages without teratoma formation. Furthermore, transplantation of PGEC-derived liver bud organoids showed therapeutic potential against fulminant liver failure. Together, the robustly amplified PGECs may be a promising cellular source for endoderm-derived organoids in studying human development, modeling disease, and, ultimately, therapy. Successful activation of posteriorization program using human iPSC-derived endoderm CDX2+ PGECs exhibit a robust amplification potential after passaging and freezing PGECs with differentiation potential into hindgut and liver bud organoids PGEC liver bud transplant is therapeutically effective for acute liver failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Masaru Koido
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tadokoro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rie Ouchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Tatsuya Matsuno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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Ngondo RP, Cirera-Salinas D, Yu J, Wischnewski H, Bodak M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Geiselmann A, Wettstein R, Luitz J, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Ciaudo C. Argonaute 2 Is Required for Extra-embryonic Endoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:461-476. [PMID: 29396181 PMCID: PMC5830960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse, although four Argonaute (AGO) proteins with partly overlapping functions in small-RNA pathways exist, only Ago2 deficiency causes embryonic lethality. To investigate the role of AGO2 during mouse early development, we generated Ago2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and performed a detailed characterization of their differentiation potential. Ago2 disruption caused a global reduction of microRNAs, which resulted in the misregulation of only a limited number of transcripts. We demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that AGO2 is dispensable for the embryonic germ-layer formation. However, Ago2-deficient mESCs showed a specific defect during conversion into extra-embryonic endoderm cells. We proved that this defect is cell autonomous and can be rescued by both a catalytically active and an inactive Ago2, but not by Ago2 deprived of its RNA binding capacity or by Ago1 overexpression. Overall, our results suggest a role for AGO2 in stem cell differentiation. Ago2 deletion strongly affects microRNA but not mRNA levels in mESCs AGO2 is dispensable for mESC self-renewal and formation of embryonic germ layers AGO2 but not AGO1 is required for GATA6 expression during XEN conversion of mESCs AGO2 is essential for the in vitro expression of extra-embryonic endoderm genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Patryk Ngondo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Yu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Wischnewski
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Anna Geiselmann
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Rahel Wettstein
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Luitz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Constance Ciaudo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Petersen MB, Gonçalves CA, Kim YH, Grapin-Botton A. Recapitulating and Deciphering Human Pancreas Development From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 129:143-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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