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Ter Ü, Ertürk Gürkan S, Gürkan M, Kunili IE, Aksoy E. Pathological and oxidative stress responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Vibrio mediterranei infection: An in vivo challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109889. [PMID: 39250984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of Vibrio mediterranei as a causative agent in mass mortalities of pen shells across the Mediterranean, elucidating its pathogenicity, virulence, and interactions with other bivalves has gained importance. While the cellular and immune responses of bivalves to various Vibrio species have been extensively studied, the infectious characteristics of this Vibrio species, particularly in the context of pen shell outbreaks, remain unclear for other bivalves. Therefore, to evaluate its pathogenicity, we investigated the histological and oxidative effects on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), a key species in aquaculture. Two distinct infection setups were established: one involving the inoculation of seawater with the bacterial isolate and another involving direct injection of the bacteria into the mussels. After a 24-h exposure period, histological evaluations were conducted on the mantle, gill, and digestive gland tissues of the mussels. Additionally, measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation levels were performed in the gill and digestive gland tissues. Oxidative responses were significantly elevated in both infection setups compared to the control group, with the directly injected samples exhibiting the highest oxidative responses (p < 0.05). Histological findings indicated that tissue-specific responses to host-pathogen interactions were consistent under both infection conditions. Notable observations included intense hemocytic infiltration in tissues, epithelial hyperplasia, and vacuolization in the gills, as well as focal necrotic areas in the digestive gland. The findings of this study indicate that V. mediterranei, a relatively novel pathogen, can provoke significant acute immune responses and tissue-level reactions in M. galloprovincialis, a species that is both widely distributed and vital to the food chain. These insights into the potential susceptibility of mussels underscore the need for further comprehensive research and inform the development of effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümmügülsüm Ter
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Selin Ertürk Gürkan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Mert Gürkan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ender Kunili
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Fishing and Processing Technology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Emircan Aksoy
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkey
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2
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Yan M, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Zhu C, Wang D, Tan J, He B, Li Q, Deng X, Wan Y. α-Synuclein-mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 leads to oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in PD. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1420507. [PMID: 39224576 PMCID: PMC11366625 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1420507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein protein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Abnormal α-synuclein aggregates form toxic Lewy bodies, ultimately inducing neuronal injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction was reported to be involved in the neurotoxicity of α-synuclein aggregates in PD. However, the specific mechanism by which abnormal α-synuclein aggregates cause mitochondrial disorders remains poorly defined. Previously, we found that cofilin-1, a member of the actin-binding protein, regulates α-synuclein pathogenicity by promoting its aggregation and spreading in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further investigated the effect of cofilin-1 on α-synuclein induced mitochondrial damage. We discovered that α-synuclein aggregates accelerate the translocation of cofilin-1 to mitochondria, promote its combination with the mitochondrial outer membrane receptor Tom 20, and ultimately activate the oxidative damage and apoptosis pathway in mitochondria. All these results demonstrate the important regulatory role of cofilin-1 in the mitochondrial neurotoxicity of pathological α-synuclein during the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Yan
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bihua He
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Nakka P, Jassi C, Chen MC, Liu YS, Liu JY, Yeh CM, Li CC, Chang YC, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to HDACi is regulated through hsa-miR-342-5p/CFL1. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:291. [PMID: 39152428 PMCID: PMC11328471 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge. HCC chemoresistance is a clinical obstacle for its management. Aberrant miRNA expression is a hallmark for both cancer progression and drug resistance. However, it is unclear which miRNAs are involved in HCC chemoresistance. METHODS MicroRNA microarray analysis revealed a differential expression profile of microRNAs between the hepatocellular carcinoma HA22T cell line and the HDACi-R cell line, which was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). To determine the biological function of miR-342-5p and the mechanism of the microRNA-342-5p/CFL1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma HDACi resistance, loss- and gain-of-function studies were conducted in vitro. RESULTS Here we demonstrated the molecular mechanism of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) resistance in HCC. Differential miRNA expression analysis showed significant down regulation of miR-342-5p in HDACi-R cells than in parental HA22T cells. Mimics of miR-342-5p enhanced apoptosis through upregulation of Bax, cyto-C, cleaved-caspase-3 expressions with concomitant decline in anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) in HDACi-R cells. Although HDACi did not increase cell viability of HDACi-R, overexpression of miR-342-5p decreased cofilin-1 expression, upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis, and sensitized HDACi-R to HDACi in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the critical role of miR-342-5p in HDACi resistance of HCC and that this mechanism might be attributed to miR-342-5p/cofilin-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathi Nakka
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chikondi Jassi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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4
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Shuvalova M, Dmitrieva A, Belousov V, Nosov G. The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Tissue Barriers 2024:2361202. [PMID: 38808582 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2361202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the exchange of metabolites and cells between the blood and brain, and maintains central nervous system homeostasis. Various factors affect BBB barrier functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can act as stressors, damaging biological molecules, but they also serve as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades during redox signaling. The impact of ROS on the BBB has been observed in multiple sclerosis, stroke, trauma, and other neurological disorders, making blocking ROS generation a promising therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction. However, it is important to consider ROS generation during normal BBB functioning for signaling purposes. This review summarizes data on proteins expressed by BBB cells that can be targets of redox signaling or oxidative stress. It also provides examples of signaling molecules whose impact may cause ROS generation in the BBB, as well as discusses the most common diseases associated with BBB dysfunction and excessive ROS generation, open questions that arise in the study of this problem, and possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Shuvalova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Dmitrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Li C, Wei TY, Cheung MS, Tsai MY. Deciphering the Cofilin Oligomers via Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Formation: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Approach to Understanding Cofilin's Regulation on Actin Filaments. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4590-4601. [PMID: 38701111 PMCID: PMC11104348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cofilin, a key actin-binding protein, orchestrates the dynamics of the actomyosin network through its actin-severing activity and by promoting the recycling of actin monomers. Recent experiments suggest that cofilin forms functionally distinct oligomers via thiol post-translational modifications (PTMs) that promote actin nucleation and assembly. Despite these advances, the structural conformations of cofilin oligomers that modulate actin activity remain elusive because there are combinatorial ways to oxidize thiols in cysteines to form disulfide bonds rapidly. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate human cofilin 1 as a case study for exploring cofilin dimers via disulfide bond formation. Utilizing a biasing scheme in simulations, we focus on analyzing dimer conformations conducive to disulfide bond formation. Additionally, we explore potential PTMs arising from the examined conformational ensemble. Using the free energy profiling, our simulations unveil a range of probable cofilin dimer structures not represented in current Protein Data Bank entries. These candidate dimers are characterized by their distinct population distributions and relative free energies. Of particular note is a dimer featuring an interface between cysteines 139 and 147 residues, which demonstrates stable free energy characteristics and intriguingly symmetrical geometry. In contrast, the experimentally proposed dimer structure exhibits a less stable free energy profile. We also evaluate frustration quantification based on the energy landscape theory in the protein-protein interactions at the dimer interfaces. Notably, the 39-39 dimer configuration emerges as a promising candidate for forming cofilin tetramers, as substantiated by frustration analysis. Additionally, docking simulations with actin filaments further evaluate the stability of these cofilin dimer-actin complexes. Our findings thus offer a computational framework for understanding the role of thiol PTM of cofilin proteins in regulating oligomerization, and the subsequent cofilin-mediated actin dynamics in the actomyosin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxuan Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Center
for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ting-Yi Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National
Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| | - Margaret S. Cheung
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Center
for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Min-Yeh Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National
Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
- Division
of Physics, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
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6
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Sousa-Squiavinato ACM, Morgado-Díaz JA. A glimpse into cofilin-1 role in cancer therapy: A potential target to improve clinical outcomes? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189087. [PMID: 38395237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cofilin-1 (CFL1) modulates dynamic actin networks by severing and enhancing depolymerization. The upregulation of cofilin-1 expression in several cancer types is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, recent discoveries indicated relevant cofilin-1 functions under oxidative stress conditions, interplaying with mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis networks. In this scenario, these emerging roles might impact the response to clinical therapy and could be used to enhance treatment efficacy. Here, we highlight new perspectives of cofilin-1 in the therapy resistance context and discussed how cofilin-1 is involved in these events, exploring aspects of its contribution to therapeutic resistance. We also provide an analysis of CFL1 expression in several tumors predicting survival. Therefore, understanding how exactly coflin-1 plays, particularly in therapy resistance, may pave the way to the development of treatment strategies and improvement of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pak SW, Lee IS, Kim WI, Lee SJ, Yang YG, Shin IS, Kim T. Melia azedarach L. reduces pulmonary inflammation and mucus hypersecretion on a murine model of ovalbumin exposed asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117426. [PMID: 37979816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Melia azedarach L. is a traditional medicinal plant used to control pain, pyrexia, inflammation and bacterial infections that possesses several pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly, the root of M. azedarach was used as expectorant and anti-cough and asthma treatment. Based its properties, M. azedarach is expected to have a potential to treat allergic asthma, chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. However, there is no study on anti-asthmatic effects of M. azedarach and its mechanism of action until now. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the active ingredient of M. azedarach fruit extract (MAE) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and explored the therapeutic effects of MAE on pulmonary inflammation and mucus hypersecretion using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) exposed asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ingredients of MAE were analyzed using HPLC. To develop allergic asthma model, the animals were sensitized (days 1 and 14) and the airway was challenged (from day 21-23) using OVA. MAE was administered by oral gavage once a day from day 18-23 at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg. RESULTS HPLC analysis revealed the presence of toosendanin in MAE. In asthmatic mice, MAE administration effectively suppressed the inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) along with a reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, MAE administration inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin E in BALF and serum of asthmatic mice, respectively. These results were similar to the results of histological examination showing a reduction in pulmonary inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. MAE elevated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 2, which in turn resulted in the suppression of matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression in lung tissue of asthmatic mice. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, MAE successfully inhibited allergic asthma in OVA-exposed mice. Thus, MAE could be a potential therapeutic remedy for treating allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yea-Gin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Davis J, Meyer T, Smolnig M, Smethurst DG, Neuhaus L, Heyden J, Broeskamp F, Edrich ES, Knittelfelder O, Kolb D, Haar TVD, Gourlay CW, Rockenfeller P. A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is required to prevent constitutive VDAC-dependent MAPK signalling and aberrant lipid homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:107539. [PMID: 37636069 PMCID: PMC10450525 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is required to coordinate many cellular processes, and a loss of its plasticity has been linked to accelerated cell aging and attenuation of adaptive response mechanisms. Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that controls actin dynamics and has been linked to mitochondrial signaling pathways that control drug resistance and cell death. Here we show that cofilin-driven chronic depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton activates cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and disrupts lipid homeostasis in a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)-dependent manner. Expression of the cof1-5 mutation, which reduces the dynamic nature of actin, triggers loss of cell wall integrity, vacuole fragmentation, disruption of lipid homeostasis, lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, and the promotion of cell death. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is therefore essential to maintain the fidelity of MAPK signaling, lipid homeostasis, and cell health in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Davis
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Neuhaus
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jonas Heyden
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Medical University of Graz, Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias von der Haar
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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9
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Fung TS, Chakrabarti R, Higgs HN. The multiple links between actin and mitochondria. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:651-667. [PMID: 37277471 PMCID: PMC10528321 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin plays many well-known roles in cells, and understanding any specific role is often confounded by the overlap of multiple actin-based structures in space and time. Here, we review our rapidly expanding understanding of actin in mitochondrial biology, where actin plays multiple distinct roles, exemplifying the versatility of actin and its functions in cell biology. One well-studied role of actin in mitochondrial biology is its role in mitochondrial fission, where actin polymerization from the endoplasmic reticulum through the formin INF2 has been shown to stimulate two distinct steps. However, roles for actin during other types of mitochondrial fission, dependent on the Arp2/3 complex, have also been described. In addition, actin performs functions independent of mitochondrial fission. During mitochondrial dysfunction, two distinct phases of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization can be triggered. First, within 5 min of dysfunction, rapid actin assembly around mitochondria serves to suppress mitochondrial shape changes and to stimulate glycolysis. At a later time point, at more than 1 h post-dysfunction, a second round of actin polymerization prepares mitochondria for mitophagy. Finally, actin can both stimulate and inhibit mitochondrial motility depending on the context. These motility effects can either be through the polymerization of actin itself or through myosin-based processes, with myosin 19 being an important mitochondrially attached myosin. Overall, distinct actin structures assemble in response to diverse stimuli to affect specific changes to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Shun Fung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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10
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Cazzaro S, Zhao X, Zhao VK, Kim YK, Woo JAA. Slingshot homolog-1 amplifies mitochondrial abnormalities by distinctly impairing health and clearance of mitochondria. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1660-1672. [PMID: 36637427 PMCID: PMC10162431 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating toxic protein assemblies, including Aβ and tau, and dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with synaptic and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such accumulations are thought to be owing to clearance defects in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in AD brains and animal models at multiple levels, such as mitochondrial genomic mutations, disrupted bioenergetics, deregulated mitochondrial dynamics and impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy). Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) is a phosphatase activated by oxidative stress, high intracellular levels of Ca2+ and Aβ42 oligomers (Aβ42O), known for its function to dephosphorylate/activate cofilin through the N-terminal region. SSH1-mediated cofilin dephosphorylation results in Ab42O-induced severing of F-actin and translocation of cofilin to mitochondria, which promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, synaptic loss and synaptic deficits. On the other hand, SSH1-mediated dephosphorylation/deactivation of the autophagy-cargo receptor p62 (SQSTM1), through its C-terminal region, inhibits p62 autophagy flux. However, the interplay between these two different activities of SSH1 in Aβ42O-induced mitochondrial toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous SSH1 and different regions of SSH1 in regulating mitochondrial health, mitochondrial respiration, clearance of damaged mitochondria and synaptic integrity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that SSH1 suppresses mitochondrial health and respiration through the cofilin-binding N-terminal region, whereas SSH1 impairs mitophagy through a newly identified ~ 100 residue p62-binding domain in the C-terminal region. These results indicate that both N-terminal and C-terminal regions negatively impact mitochondria by distinct and independent modalities to amplify mitochondrial abnormalities, making SSH1 an excellent target to mitigate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Victoria K Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yenna K Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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11
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Bahader GA, James AW, Almarghalani DA, Shah ZA. Cofilin Inhibitor Protects against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:630. [PMID: 37106830 PMCID: PMC10136258 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation and failure of the antioxidant defense mechanisms are major hallmarks in different brain injuries, particularly traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cofilin is a cytoskeleton-associated protein involved in actin binding and severing. In our previous studies, we identified the putative role of cofilin in mediating microglial activation and apoptosis in ischemic and hemorrhagic conditions. Others have highlighted the involvement of cofilin in ROS production and the resultant neuronal death; however, more studies are needed to delineate the role of cofilin in oxidative stress conditions. The present study aims to investigate the cellular and molecular effects of cofilin in TBI using both in vitro and in vivo models as well as the first-in-class small-molecule cofilin inhibitor (CI). An in vitro H2O2-induced oxidative stress model was used in two different types of cells, human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and microglia (HMC3), along with an in vivo controlled cortical impact model of TBI. Our results show that treatment with H2O2 increases the expression of cofilin and slingshot-1 (SSH-1), an upstream regulator of cofilin, in microglial cells, which was significantly reduced in the CI-treated group. Cofilin inhibition significantly attenuated H2O2-induced microglial activation by reducing the release of proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CI protects against H2O2-induced ROS accumulation and neuronal cytotoxicity, activates the AKT signaling pathway by increasing its phosphorylation, and modulates mitochondrial-related apoptogenic factors. The expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its associated antioxidant enzymes were also increased in CI-treated SY-SY5Y. In the mice model of TBI, CI significantly activated the Nrf2 and reduced the expression of oxidative/nitrosative stress markers at the protein and gene levels. Together, our data suggest that cofilin inhibition provides a neuroprotective effect in in vitro and in vivo TBI mice models by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, the pivotal mechanisms involved in TBI-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith A. Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Daniyah A. Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Zahoor A. Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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12
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Campellone KG, Lebek NM, King VL. Branching out in different directions: Emerging cellular functions for the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family actin nucleation factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151301. [PMID: 36907023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Nadine M Lebek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Virginia L King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
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13
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Hua W, Gu W, Zhuang H, Li H, Jiang X, Mao Y, Liu Y, Jin D, Bu W. Heterostructures with Built-in Electric Fields for Long-lasting Chemodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300356. [PMID: 36780170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built-in electric field (BIEF)-driven strategy was proposed for sustainable generation of ⋅OH, thereby achieving long-lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As a proof of concept, a novel Janus-like Fe@Fe3 O4 -Cu2 O heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced the transfer of electrons in the Fe core to the surface, reducing ≡Cu2+ to ≡Cu+ , thus achieving continuous Fenton-like reactions and ⋅OH release for over 18 h, which is approximately 12 times longer than that of Fe3 O4 -Cu2 O and 72 times longer than that of Cu2 O nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo antitumor results indicated that sustained ⋅OH levels led to persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal activation and irreparable oxidative damage to tumor cells, which promoted irreversible tumor apoptosis. Importantly, this strategy provides ideas for developing long-acting nanoplatforms for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Gu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Departments of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ying Mao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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14
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Baroni L, Abreu-Filho PG, Pereira LM, Nagl M, Yatsuda AP. Recombinant actin-depolymerizing factor of the apicomplexan Neospora caninum (NcADF) is susceptible to oxidation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:952720. [PMID: 36601306 PMCID: PMC9806845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.952720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a member of Apicomplexa Phylum and the causative agent of neosporosis, a disease responsible for abortions in cattle. Apicomplexan parasites have a limited set of actin-binding proteins conducting the regulation of the dynamics of nonconventional actin. The parasite actin-based motility is implicated in the parasite invasion process in the host cell. Once no commercial strategy for the neosporosis control is available, the interference in the parasite actin function may result in novel drug targets. Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF) is a member of the ADF/cofilin family, primarily known for its function in actin severing and depolymerization. ADF/cofilins are versatile proteins modulated by different mechanisms, including reduction and oxidation. In apicomplexan parasites, the mechanisms involved in the modulation of ADF function are barely explored and the effects of oxidation in the protein are unknown so far. In this study, we used the oxidants N-chlorotaurine (NCT) and H2O2 to investigate the susceptibility of the recombinant N. caninum ADF (NcADF) to oxidation. After exposing the protein to either NCT or H2O2, the dimerization status and cysteine residue oxidation were determined. Also, the interference of NcADF oxidation in the interaction with actin was assessed. The treatment of the recombinant protein with oxidants reversibly induced the production of dimers, indicating that disulfide bonds between NcADF cysteine residues were formed. In addition, the exposure of NcADF to NCT resulted in more efficient oxidation of the cysteine residues compared to H2O2. Finally, the oxidation of NcADF by NCT reduced the ability of actin-binding and altered the function of NcADF in actin polymerization. Altogether, our results clearly show that recombinant NcADF is sensitive to redox conditions, indicating that the function of this protein in cellular processes involving actin dynamics may be modulated by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Baroni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Péricles Gama Abreu-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Markus Nagl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana Patricia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,*Correspondence: Ana Patricia Yatsuda,
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15
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Bayır Ö, Aşık MD, Saylam G, Pınarlı FA, Tatar EÇ, Han Ü, Şimşek E, Korkmaz MH. Differentially expressed genes related to lymph node metastasis in advanced laryngeal squamous cell cancers. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:409. [PMID: 36245825 PMCID: PMC9555062 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms and gene expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) may explain its aggressive biological behavior and regional metastasis pathways. In the present study, patients with locally advanced LSCC tumors were examined for differential gene expression in the normal mucosa (non-tumoral mucosa), tumors and lymph node tissues. The aim was to identify possible predictive genes for lymph node metastasis. A total of 16 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy with neck dissection for advanced LSCC were randomly selected from a hospital database: Eight of the patients had lymph node metastasis (Group 1) and the other eight patients did not have metastasis (Group 2). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed. For each patient, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from non-tumoral mucosa, tumoral lesions and lymph node tissues. RNA was extracted from the tissue samples and used for complementary DNA synthesis, and microarray analysis was subsequently performed on each sample. Gene expression levels were determined in each specimen, and Groups 1 and 2 were compared and statistically analyzed. The microarray results for lymph node metastasis-positive and -negative groups, indicated the differential expression of 312 genes in the lymph nodes, 691 genes in the normal mucosal tissue and 93 genes in the tumor tissue. Transgelin (TAGLN) and cofilin 1 (CFL1) were identified as possible target genes and validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR results for TAGLN and CFL1 supported the microarray data. OS, DFS and DSS times were longer in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P=0.002, 0.015 and 0.009, respectively). In addition, TAGLN and CFL1 were associated with DFS and DSS. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that TAGLN and CFL1 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of regional metastasis and poor prognosis in advanced LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Bayır
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doğan Aşık
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Güleser Saylam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | | | - Emel Çadallı Tatar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Ender Şimşek
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakan Korkmaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
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16
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GDAP1 loss of function inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by altering the actin cytoskeleton. Commun Biol 2022; 5:541. [PMID: 35662277 PMCID: PMC9166793 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4A is an autosomal-recessive polyneuropathy caused by mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a putative glutathione transferase, which affects mitochondrial shape and alters cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identify the underlying mechanism. We found that patient-derived motoneurons and GDAP1 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells display two phenotypes: more tubular mitochondria and a metabolism characterized by glutamine dependence and fewer cytosolic lipid droplets. GDAP1 interacts with the actin-depolymerizing protein Cofilin-1 and beta-tubulin in a redox-dependent manner, suggesting a role for actin signaling. Consistently, GDAP1 loss causes less F-actin close to mitochondria, which restricts mitochondrial localization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1, instigating tubularity. GDAP1 silencing also disrupts mitochondria-ER contact sites. These changes result in lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, explaining the metabolic changes upon GDAP1 loss of function. Together, our findings reconcile GDAP1-associated phenotypes and implicate disrupted actin signaling in CMT4A pathophysiology. GDAP1 mutations effect Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4A by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and restricting mitochondrial localization of dynamin-related protein 1 through alterations of the actin cytoskeleton.
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17
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Mogal MR, Junayed A, Mahmod MR, Sompa SA, Lima SA, Kar N, TasminaTarin, Khatun M, Zubair MA, Sikder MA. A Computational Approach to Justifying Stratifin as a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1617989. [PMID: 35547358 PMCID: PMC9085308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1617989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered a silent killer because it does not show specific symptoms at an early stage. Thus, identifying suitable biomarkers is important to avoid the burden of PC. Stratifin (SFN) encodes the 14-3-3σ protein, which is expressed in a tissue-dependent manner and plays a vital role in cell cycle regulation. Thus, SFN could be a promising therapeutic target for several types of cancer. This study was aimed at investigating, using online bioinformatics tools, whether SFN could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC. SFN expression was explored by utilizing the ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA2, and GENT2 tools, which revealed that SFN expression is higher in PC than in normal tissues. The clinicopathological analysis using the ULCAN tool showed that the intensity of SFN expression is commensurate with cancer progression. GEPIA2, R2, and OncoLnc revealed a negative correlation between SFN expression and survival probability in PC patients. The ONCOMINE, UCSC Xena, and GEPIA2 tools showed that cofilin 1 is strongly coexpressed with SFN. Moreover, enrichment and network analyses of SFN were performed using the Enrichr and NetworkAnalyst platforms, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that tissue-dependent expression of the SFN gene could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. However, further wet laboratory studies are necessary to determine the relevance of SFN expression as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Roman Mogal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Asadullah Junayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashel Mahmod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Sagarika Adhikary Sompa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Suzana Afrin Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Newton Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - TasminaTarin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Marina Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Zubair
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
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18
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Yadav T, Gau D, Roy P. Mitochondria-actin cytoskeleton crosstalk in cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2387-2403. [PMID: 35342955 PMCID: PMC9945482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform diverse functions in the cell and their roles during processes such as cell survival, differentiation, and migration are increasingly being appreciated. Mitochondrial and actin cytoskeletal networks not only interact with each other, but this multifaceted interaction shapes their functional dynamics. The interrelation between mitochondria and the actin cytoskeleton extends far beyond the requirement of mitochondrial ATP generation to power actin dynamics, and impinges upon several major aspects of cellular physiology. Being situated at the hub of cell signaling pathways, mitochondrial function can alter the activity of actin regulatory proteins and therefore modulate the processes downstream of actin dynamics such as cellular migration. As we will discuss, this regulation is highly nuanced and operates at multiple levels allowing mitochondria to occupy a strategic position in the regulation of migration, as well as pathological events that rely on aberrant cell motility such as cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the crosstalk that exists between mitochondria and actin regulatory proteins, and further emphasize on how this interaction holds importance in cell migration in normal as well as dysregulated scenarios as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Yadav
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune
| | - David Gau
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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19
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Illescas M, Peñas A, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by the Actin Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:795838. [PMID: 34993202 PMCID: PMC8725978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of actin cytoskeleton on mitochondrial function is a growing research field, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Specific actin-binding proteins (ABPs), such as Gelsolin, have also been shown to participate in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders through yet to be defined mechanisms. In this mini-review, we will summarize the experimental evidence supporting the fundamental roles of actin cytoskeleton and ABPs on mitochondrial trafficking, dynamics, biogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis, with a particular focus on Gelsolin involvement in mitochondrial disorders. The functional interplay between the actin cytoskeleton, ABPs and mitochondrial membranes for the regulation of cellular homeostasis thus emerges as a new exciting field for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Illescas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Peñas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Shen LW, Jiang XX, Li ZQ, Li J, Wang M, Jia GF, Ding X, Lei L, Gong QH, Gao N. Cepharanthine sensitizes human triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin via inducing cofilin oxidation-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:177-193. [PMID: 34294886 PMCID: PMC8724299 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy has been accepted as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer, but its clinical application is hindered by lack of effective and specific autophagy inhibitors. We previously identified cepharanthine (CEP) as a novel autophagy inhibitor, which inhibited autophagy/mitophagy through blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether and how inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy by cepharanthine affected the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. In human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells, application of CEP (2 μM) greatly enhanced cepharanthine-induced inhibition on cell viability and colony formation. CEP interacted with epirubicin synergistically to induce apoptosis in TNBC cells via the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrated that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin induced mitochondrial fission in MDA-MB-231 cells, and the production of mitochondrial superoxide was correlated with mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by the combination. Moreover, we revealed that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin markedly increased the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in oxidation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin, which promoted formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys39 and Cys80 as well as Ser3 dephosphorylation, leading to mitochondria translocation of cofilin, thus causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Finally, in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cell xenografts, co-administration of CEP (12 mg/kg, ip, once every other day for 36 days) greatly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin (2 mg/kg) as compared with administration of either drug alone. Taken together, our results implicate that a combination of cepharanthine with chemotherapeutic agents could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-wen Shen
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Xiu-xing Jiang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Zhi-qiang Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jie Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Mei Wang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Guan-fei Jia
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xin Ding
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Ling Lei
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Qi-hai Gong
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Ning Gao
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
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22
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Lv L, Wang SC, Mo JY, Huang KL, Xu ML, Liu J. Effects and mechanisms of FBXO31 on Taxol chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:129-136. [PMID: 34839191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Taxol is commonly used chemotherapy regimen for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Study of the underlying mechanisms of Taxol chemoresistance provides better understanding of esophageal cancer treatment and may provide a rational molecular target for diagnosis and intervention. Here we showed FBXO31, which was reported to be highly expressed in ESCC and significantly associated with poor prognosis, could regulate ESCC chemosensitivity to Taxol. Silencing of FBXO31 in ESCC cells sensitized cells to Taxol treatment, evidenced by FACS analysis and TUNEL assay, showing as an increased apoptotic population in FBXO31-knockdown cells compared to the control cells. The mass spectrometry data and coimmunoprecipitation results showed FBXO31 could bind with cofilin-1. Cofilin-1 knockdown in FBXO31-overexpression cells reversed FBXO31-induced suppression of cell apoptosis, suggesting FBXO31-mediated Taxol chemoresistance is associated with cofilin-1. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that knockdown of FBXO31 sensitized ESCC to Taxol treatment. This finding substantiated a pivotal role of FBOX31 in ESCC chemoresistance, indicating that FBXO31 may be a potential indicator or target for drug resistance in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chao Wang
- Center of Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin You Mo
- Center of Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lin Huang
- Center of Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li Xu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center of Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Hoffmann L, Waclawczyk MS, Tang S, Hanschmann EM, Gellert M, Rust MB, Culmsee C. Cofilin1 oxidation links oxidative distress to mitochondrial demise and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:953. [PMID: 34657120 PMCID: PMC8520533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many cell death pathways, including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and ferroptosis, are relevant for neuronal cell death and share common mechanisms such as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. Here, we present the role of the actin-regulating protein cofilin1 in regulating mitochondrial pathways in oxidative neuronal death. Cofilin1 deletion in neuronal HT22 cells exerted increased mitochondrial resilience, assessed by quantification of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. Further, cofilin1-deficient cells met their energy demand through enhanced glycolysis, whereas control cells were metabolically impaired when challenged by ferroptosis. Further, cofilin1 was confirmed as a key player in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and associated mitochondrial damage in primary cortical neurons. Using isolated mitochondria and recombinant cofilin1, we provide a further link to toxicity-related mitochondrial impairment mediated by oxidized cofilin1. Our data revealed that the detrimental impact of cofilin1 on mitochondria depends on the oxidation of cysteine residues at positions 139 and 147. Overall, our findings show that cofilin1 acts as a redox sensor in oxidative cell death pathways of ferroptosis, and also promotes glutamate excitotoxicity. Protective effects by cofilin1 inhibition are particularly attributed to preserved mitochondrial integrity and function. Thus, interfering with the oxidation and pathological activation of cofilin1 may offer an effective therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel S Waclawczyk
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Tang
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group "Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling", GRK 2213, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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24
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Bamburg JR, Minamide LS, Wiggan O, Tahtamouni LH, Kuhn TB. Cofilin and Actin Dynamics: Multiple Modes of Regulation and Their Impacts in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102726. [PMID: 34685706 PMCID: PMC8534876 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are ubiquitous among eukaryotes and are essential regulators of actin dynamics and function. Mammalian neurons express cofilin-1 as the major isoform, but ADF and cofilin-2 are also expressed. All isoforms bind preferentially and cooperatively along ADP-subunits in F-actin, affecting the filament helical rotation, and when either alone or when enhanced by other proteins, promotes filament severing and subunit turnover. Although self-regulating cofilin-mediated actin dynamics can drive motility without post-translational regulation, cells utilize many mechanisms to locally control cofilin, including cooperation/competition with other proteins. Newly identified post-translational modifications function with or are independent from the well-established phosphorylation of serine 3 and provide unexplored avenues for isoform specific regulation. Cofilin modulates actin transport and function in the nucleus as well as actin organization associated with mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Under neuronal stress conditions, cofilin-saturated F-actin fragments can undergo oxidative cross-linking and bundle together to form cofilin-actin rods. Rods form in abundance within neurons around brain ischemic lesions and can be rapidly induced in neurites of most hippocampal and cortical neurons through energy depletion or glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In ~20% of rodent hippocampal neurons, rods form more slowly in a receptor-mediated process triggered by factors intimately connected to disease-related dementias, e.g., amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. This rod-inducing pathway requires a cellular prion protein, NADPH oxidase, and G-protein coupled receptors, e.g., CXCR4 and CCR5. Here, we will review many aspects of cofilin regulation and its contribution to synaptic loss and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-988-9120; Fax: +1-970-491-0494
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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25
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The intrinsic amyloidogenic propensity of cofilin-1 is aggravated by Cys-80 oxidation: A possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:187-192. [PMID: 34256187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin-1, an actin dynamizing protein, forms actin-cofilin rods, which is one of the major events that exacerbates the pathophysiology of amyloidogenic diseases. Cysteine oxidation in cofilin-1 under oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the formation of these rods. Others and we have reported that cofilin-1 possesses a self-oligomerization property in vitro and in vivo under physiological conditions. However, it remains elusive if cofilin-1 itself forms amyloid-like structures. We, therefore, hypothesized that cofilin-1 might form amyloid-like assemblies, with a potential to intensify the pathophysiology of amyloid-linked diseases. We used various in silico and in vitro techniques and examined the amyloid-forming propensity of cofilin-1. The study confirms that cofilin-1 possesses an intrinsic tendency of aggregation and forms amyloid-like structures in vitro. Further, we studied the effect of cysteine oxidation on the stability and structural features of cofilin-1. Our data show that oxidation at Cys-80 renders cofilin-1 unstable, leading to a partial loss of protein structure. The results substantiate our hypothesis and establish a strong possibility that cofilin-1 aggregation might play a role in cofilin-mediated pathology and the progression of several amyloid-linked diseases.
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26
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Guo W, Gao H, Pan W, Yu P, Che G. High glucose induces Nox4 expression and podocyte apoptosis through the Smad3/ezrin/PKA pathway. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.055012. [PMID: 33046439 PMCID: PMC8181897 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the major target in proteinuric kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which high glucose (HG) results in podocyte damage remain unclear. This study investigated the regulatory role of Smad3, ezrin, and protein kinase A (PKA) in NADPH oxidase (Nox4) expression, reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. A human podocyte cell line was cultured and differentiated, then treated with 30 mM HG. Apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were assessed using TUNEL and DCF assays, respectively. Expressions of Nox4, phospho-Smad3Ser423/425, phospho-PKAThr197, and phospho-ezrinThr567 were evaluated using western blotting. ELISA was used to quantify intracellular cAMP concentration and PKA activity. Knockdown assay was used to inhibit the expressions of Smad3, Nox4, and ezrin by lentiviral shRNA. In HG-treated podocytes, the level of phospho-Smad3Ser423/425 and phospho-ezrinThr567 was increased significantly, which was accompanied by the reduction of cAMP and phospho-PKAThr197. HG-induced apoptosis was significantly prevented by the Smad3-inhibitor SIS3 or shRNA-Smad3. In podocytes expressing shRNA-ezrin or shRNA-Nox4, apoptosis was remarkably mitigated following HG treatment. HG-induced upregulation of phospho-ezrinThr567 and downregulation of phospho-PKAThr197 was significantly prevented by SIS3, shRNA-ezrin or shRNA-Smad3. Forskolin, a PKA activator, significantly inhibited HG-mediated upregulation of Nox4 expression, ROS generation, and apoptosis. Additionally, an increase in the ROS level was prohibited in HG-treated podocytes with the knockdown of Nox4, Smad3, or ezrin. Taken together, our findings provided evidence that Smad3-mediated ezrin activation upregulates Nox4 expression and ROS production, by suppressing PKA activity, which may at least in part contribute to HG-induced podocyte apoptosis. Summary: The actin-membrane linker protein ezrin-related signaling plays a critical role in podocyte apoptosis through regulation of Nox4 expression and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Panapn Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Guanghua Che
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
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27
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Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang C, Chen SY, Bu D, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Yuan P, Li K, Yu X, Kong W, Tang C, Jung Y, Ferreira RB, Carroll KS, Du J, Yang J, Jin H. Endogenous SO 2-dependent Smad3 redox modification controls vascular remodeling. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101898. [PMID: 33647858 PMCID: PMC7933484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has emerged as a physiological relevant signaling molecule that plays a prominent role in regulating vascular functions. However, molecular mechanisms whereby SO2 influences its upper-stream targets have been elusive. Here we show that SO2 may mediate conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a more potent oxidant, peroxymonosulfite, providing a pathway for activation of H2O2 to convert the thiol group of protein cysteine residues to a sulfenic acid group, aka cysteine sulfenylation. By using site-centric chemoproteomics, we quantified >1000 sulfenylation events in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to exogenous SO2. Notably, ~42% of these sulfenylated cysteines are dynamically regulated by SO2, among which is cysteine-64 of Smad3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3), a key transcriptional modulator of transforming growth factor β signaling. Sulfenylation of Smad3 at cysteine-64 inhibits its DNA binding activity, while mutation of this site attenuates the protective effects of SO2 on angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension. Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of SO2 in vascular pathophysiology through a redox-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Selena Ying Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Laboratory Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Piaoliu Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China.
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28
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Zamorano Cuervo N, Fortin A, Caron E, Chartier S, Grandvaux N. Pinpointing cysteine oxidation sites by high-resolution proteomics reveals a mechanism of redox-dependent inhibition of human STING. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/680/eaaw4673. [PMID: 33906974 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), among which reversible oxidation of cysteine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism of cellular responses. Given the redox regulation of virus-host interactions, the identification of oxidized cysteine sites in cells is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, we present a proteome-wide identification of reversibly oxidized cysteine sites in oxidant-treated cells using a maleimide-based bioswitch method coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 2720 unique oxidized cysteine sites within 1473 proteins with distinct abundances, locations, and functions. Oxidized cysteine sites were found in numerous signaling pathways, many relevant to virus-host interactions. We focused on the oxidation of STING, the central adaptor of the innate immune type I interferon pathway, which is stimulated in response to the detection of cytosolic DNA by cGAS. We demonstrated the reversible oxidation of Cys148 and Cys206 of STING in cells. Molecular analyses led us to establish a model in which Cys148 oxidation is constitutive, whereas Cys206 oxidation is inducible by oxidative stress or by the natural ligand of STING, 2'3'-cGAMP. Our data suggest that the oxidation of Cys206 prevented hyperactivation of STING by causing a conformational change associated with the formation of inactive polymers containing intermolecular disulfide bonds. This finding should aid the design of therapies targeting STING that are relevant to autoinflammatory disorders, immunotherapies, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Stéfany Chartier
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, H2X 0A9 Québec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
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29
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Chen HA, Li CC, Lin YJ, Wang TF, Chen MC, Su YH, Yeh YL, Padma VV, Liao PH, Huang CY. Hsa-miR-107 regulates chemosensitivity and inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12046-12057. [PMID: 33901009 PMCID: PMC8109096 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common type of liver cancer. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs have been reported in cancer development and tumor growth; however, the relationship between chemoresistance and hepatocellular carcinoma needs to be fully investigated. Here, we treated hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HA22T) with a histone deacetylase inhibitor to establish hepatocellular carcinoma-resistant cells (HDACi-R) and investigated the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in HCC cells. Although histone deacetylase inhibitor could not enhance cell death in HDACi-R but upregulation of miR-107 decreased cell viability both in parental cells and resistance cells, decreased the expression of cofilin-1, enhanced ROS-induced cell apoptosis, and dose-dependently sensitized HDACi-R to HDACi. Further, miR-107 upregulation resulted in tumor cell disorganization in both HA22T and HDACi-R in a mice xenograft model. Our findings demonstrated that miR-107 downregulation leads to hepatocellular carcinoma cell resistance in HDACi via a cofilin-1-dependent molecular mechanism and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 250, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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30
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The actin nucleation factors JMY and WHAMM enable a rapid Arp2/3 complex-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009512. [PMID: 33872315 PMCID: PMC8084344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a well-known player in most vital cellular processes, but comparably little is understood about how the actin assembly machinery impacts programmed cell death pathways. In the current study, we explored roles for the human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation factors in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of each WASP-family gene revealed that two of them, JMY and WHAMM, are necessary for rapid apoptotic responses. JMY and WHAMM participate in a p53-dependent cell death pathway by enhancing mitochondrial permeabilization, initiator caspase cleavage, and executioner caspase activation. JMY-mediated apoptosis requires actin nucleation via the Arp2/3 complex, and actin filaments are assembled in cytoplasmic territories containing clusters of cytochrome c and active caspase-3. The loss of JMY additionally results in significant changes in gene expression, including upregulation of the WHAMM-interacting G-protein RhoD. Depletion or deletion of RHOD increases cell death, suggesting that RhoD normally contributes to cell survival. These results give rise to a model in which JMY and WHAMM promote intrinsic cell death responses that can be opposed by RhoD.
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31
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Ren W, Zhao W, Cao L, Huang J. Involvement of the Actin Machinery in Programmed Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:634849. [PMID: 33634110 PMCID: PMC7900405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.634849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) depicts a genetically encoded and an orderly mode of cellular mortality. When triggered by internal or external stimuli, cells initiate PCDs through evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanisms. Actin, as a multifunctional cytoskeleton protein that forms microfilament, its integrity and dynamics are essential for a variety of cellular processes (e.g., morphogenesis, membrane blebbing and intracellular transport). Decades of work have broadened our knowledge about different types of PCDs and their distinguished signaling pathways. However, an ever-increasing pool of evidences indicate that the delicate relationship between PCDs and the actin cytoskeleton is beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the relationships between different PCDs and the actin machinery (actin, actin-binding proteins and proteins involved in different actin signaling pathways), in the hope that this attempt can shed light on ensuing studies and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Ren
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Cao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Xu J, Huang Y, Zhao J, Wu L, Qi Q, Liu Y, Li G, Li J, Liu H, Wu H. Cofilin: A Promising Protein Implicated in Cancer Metastasis and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:599065. [PMID: 33614640 PMCID: PMC7890941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.599065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that regulates filament dynamics and depolymerization. The over-expression of cofilin is observed in various cancers, cofilin promotes cancer metastasis by regulating cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodium formation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Clinical treatment of cancer regarding cofilin has been explored in aspects of tumor cells apoptosis and cofilin related miRNAs. This review addresses the structure and phosphorylation of cofilin and describes recent findings regarding the function of cofilin in regulating cancer metastasis and apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimeng Zhao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guona Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Terzi A, Roeder H, Weaver CJ, Suter DM. Neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 regulates growth cone guidance downstream of slit2/robo2. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:3-21. [PMID: 33191581 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) are membrane-bound multi-subunit protein complexes producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulate many cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that Nox-derived ROS also control neuronal development and axonal outgrowth. However, whether Nox act downstream of receptors for axonal growth and guidance cues is presently unknown. To answer this question, we cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) derived from zebrafish embryos and exposed these neurons to netrin-1, slit2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To test the role of Nox in cue-mediated growth and guidance, we either pharmacologically inhibited Nox or investigated neurons from mutant fish that are deficient in Nox2. We found that slit2-mediated growth cone collapse, and axonal retraction were eliminated by Nox inhibition. Though we did not see an effect of either BDNF or netrin-1 on growth rates, growth in the presence of netrin-1 was reduced by Nox inhibition. Furthermore, attractive and repulsive growth cone turning in response to gradients of BDNF, netrin-1, and slit2, respectively, were eliminated when Nox was inhibited in vitro. ROS biosensor imaging showed that slit2 treatment increased growth cone hydrogen peroxide levels via mechanisms involving Nox2 activation. We also investigated the possible relationship between Nox2 and slit2/Robo2 signaling in vivo. astray/nox2 double heterozygote larvae exhibited decreased area of tectal innervation as compared to individual heterozygotes, suggesting both Nox2 and Robo2 are required for establishment of retinotectal connections. Our results provide evidence that Nox2 acts downstream of slit2/Robo2 by mediating growth and guidance of developing zebrafish RGC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haley Roeder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cory J Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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34
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Kang DE, Woo JA. Cofilin, a Master Node Regulating Cytoskeletal Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S131-S144. [PMID: 31594228 PMCID: PMC6971827 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The defining pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are proteinopathies marked by the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau. In addition, Hirano bodies and cofilin-actin rods are extensively found in AD brains, both of which are associated with the actin cytoskeleton. The actin-binding protein cofilin known for its actin filament severing, depolymerizing, nucleating, and bundling activities has emerged as a significant player in AD pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the regulation of cofilin by multiple signaling events impinging on LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) and/or Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) downstream of Aβ. Such pathophysiological signaling pathways impact actin dynamics to regulate synaptic integrity, mitochondrial translocation of cofilin to promote neurotoxicity, and formation of cofilin-actin pathology. Other intracellular signaling proteins, such as β-arrestin, RanBP9, Chronophin, PLD1, and 14-3-3 also impinge on the regulation of cofilin downstream of Aβ. Finally, we discuss the role of activated cofilin as a bridge between actin and microtubule dynamics by displacing tau from microtubules, thereby destabilizing tau-induced microtubule assembly, missorting tau, and promoting tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kang
- Byrd Institute and Alzheimer's Center, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Research, James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung A Woo
- Byrd Institute and Alzheimer's Center, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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35
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Wang Q, Yuan W, Yang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Qiao H. Role of Cofilin in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584898. [PMID: 33324642 PMCID: PMC7726191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease and has an inconspicuous onset and progressive development. Clinically, it is characterized by severe dementia manifestations, including memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, impairment of visual-spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and changes in personality and behavior. Its etiology is unknown to date. However, several cellular biological signatures of AD have been identified such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. In this review, we summarize the structure of cofilins and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Acupuncture, Xi’an, China
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36
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Knany A, Engelman R, Hariri HA, Biswal S, Wolfenson H, Benhar M. S-nitrosocysteine and glutathione depletion synergize to induce cell death in human tumor cells: Insights into the redox and cytotoxic mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:566-574. [PMID: 32898624 PMCID: PMC7704562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling and cytotoxic effects are mediated in part via protein S-nitrosylation. The magnitude and duration of S-nitrosylation are governed by the two main thiol reducing systems, the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems. In recent years, approaches have been developed to harness the cytotoxic potential of NO/nitrosylation to inhibit tumor cell growth. However, progress in this area has been hindered by insufficient understanding of the balance and interplay between cellular nitrosylation, other oxidative processes and the GSH/Trx systems. In addition, the mechanistic relationship between thiol redox imbalance and cancer cell death is not fully understood. Herein, we explored the redox and cellular effects induced by the S-nitrosylating agent, S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO), in GSH-sufficient and -deficient human tumor cells. We used l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to induce GSH deficiency, and employed redox, biochemical and cellular assays to interrogate molecular mechanisms. We found that, under GSH-sufficient conditions, a CysNO challenge (100-500 μM) results in a marked yet reversible increase in protein S-nitrosylation in the absence of appreciable S-oxidation. In contrast, under GSH-deficient conditions, CysNO induces elevated and sustained levels of both S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation. Experiments in various cancer cell lines showed that administration of CysNO or BSO alone commonly induce minimal cytotoxicity whereas BSO/CysNO combination therapy leads to extensive cell death. Studies in HeLa cancer cells revealed that treatment with BSO/CysNO results in dual inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems, thereby amplifying redox stress and causing cellular dysfunction. In particular, BSO/CysNO induced rapid oxidation and collapse of the actin cytoskeletal network, followed by loss of mitochondrial function, leading to profound and irreversible decrease in ATP levels. Further observations indicated that BSO/CysNO-induced cell death occurs via a caspase-independent mechanism that involves multiple stress-induced pathways. The present findings provide new insights into the relationship between cellular nitrosylation/oxidation, thiol antioxidant defenses and cell death. These results may aid future efforts to develop NO/redox-based anticancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Knany
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Hiba Abu Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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37
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Rust MB, Khudayberdiev S, Pelucchi S, Marcello E. CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586631. [PMID: 33072768 PMCID: PMC7543520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant. Since that time, CAP has been identified in all eukaryotic species examined and it became evident that the activity in RAS-cAMP signaling is restricted to a limited number of species. Instead, its actin binding activity is conserved among eukaryotes and actin cytoskeleton regulation emerged as its primary function. However, for many years, the molecular functions as well as the developmental and physiological relevance of CAP remained unknown. In the present article, we will compile important recent progress on its molecular functions that identified CAP as a novel key regulator of actin dynamics, i.e., the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). These studies unraveled a cooperation with ADF/Cofilin and Twinfilin in F-actin disassembly, a nucleotide exchange activity on globular actin monomers (G-actin) that is required for F-actin assembly and an inhibitory function towards the F-actin assembly factor INF2. Moreover, by focusing on selected model organisms, we will review current literature on its developmental and physiological functions, and we will present studies implicating CAP in human pathologies. Together, this review article summarizes and discusses recent achievements in understanding the molecular, developmental and physiological functions of CAP, which led this protein emerge as a novel CAPt'n of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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39
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Cofilin Inhibition by Limk1 Reduces Rod Formation and Cell Apoptosis after Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2020; 444:64-75. [PMID: 32697981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cofilin, a cytoskeletal actin severing protein, is essential for the initiation phase of apoptosis. The formation of cofilin rods (containing 1:1 cofilin:actin) has been studied in cultured mammalian neurons under conditions of excessive glutamate, ATP depletion (ATP-D) or oxidative stress. These conditions simulate the pathologies occurring during ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of cofilin during ischemic-stroke induced apoptosis. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed to establish an experimental model of ischemic stroke. We used 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) and immunostaining of the neuronal marker neuronal nuclei (NeuN) to evaluate the evolving phases of infarction in rats subjected tMCAO. Immunostaining and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis staining were collaboratively used to examine cofilin rod formation and cell apoptosis in response to ischemia at different time points (2 h, 8 h, 24 h and 7 d). Our results showed that infarct volume increased initially, between the first 2 h to 24 h and became stabilized 24 h to 7 d after tMCAO. The formation of cofilin rods significantly increased in the cortical core (from 2 h) and penumbra (from 8 h), peaking at 24 h and gradually diminishing 7 d after tMCAO. Progressive accumulation of cofilin rods subsequently induced microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) degradation and ischemic cell apoptosis in the infarct cortex after stroke. To further corroborate the role of activated cofilin in ischemic stroke, inhibition of cofilin by LIM kinase (Limk1) over-expression was performed. Lmik1 reduced cofilin rod formation and MAP2 degradation, and consequently, attenuated cofilin mediated-apoptosis 24 h after tMCAO. From this evidence we conclude that cofilin plays a role in the onset of ischemic-induced apoptosis and may be efficacious in future studies as a drug target for ischemic stroke.
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40
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Terzi A, Suter DM. The role of NADPH oxidases in neuronal development. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:33-47. [PMID: 32370993 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionary conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate variety of biological processes including hormone synthesis, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. Here, we review the role of Nox-mediated ROS during CNS development. Specifically, we focus on how individual Nox isoforms contribute to signaling in neural stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth and guidance. We also discuss how ROS regulates the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone. Finally, we review recent evidence that Nox-derived ROS modulate axonal regeneration upon nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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41
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Cofilin-Mediated Actin Stress Response Is Maladaptive in Heat-Stressed Embryos. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3493-3501.e4. [PMID: 30917306 PMCID: PMC6447309 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress threatens the fidelity of embryonic morphogenesis. Heat, for example, is a teratogen. Yet how heat affects morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we identify a heat-inducible actin stress response (ASR) in Drosophila embryos that is mediated by the activation of the actin regulator Cofilin. Similar to ASR in adult mammalian cells, heat stress in fly embryos triggers the assembly of intra-nuclear actin rods. Rods measure up to a few microns in length, and their assembly depends on elevated free nuclear actin concentration and Cofilin. Outside the nucleus, heat stress causes Cofilin-dependent destabilization of filamentous actin (F-actin) in actomyosin networks required for morphogenesis. F-actin destabilization increases the chance of morphogenesis mistakes. Blocking the ASR by reducing Cofilin dosage improves the viability of heat-stressed embryos. However, improved viability correlates with restoring F-actin stability, not rescuing morphogenesis. Thus, ASR endangers embryos, perhaps by shifting actin from cytoplasmic filaments to an elevated nuclear pool. Figard et al. show that heat stress induces an actin stress response (ASR) in early Drosophila embryos. This ASR is mediated by a heat-induced increase in Cofilin activity. Increased Cofilin activity destabilizes F-actin structures required for morphogenesis. In addition, the Cofilin-mediated ASR reduces embryo viability.
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Hoffmann L, Rust MB, Culmsee C. Actin(g) on mitochondria - a role for cofilin1 in neuronal cell death pathways. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1089-1097. [PMID: 31256058 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin dynamics, the coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin), are essential for fundamental cellular processes, including cell shaping and motility, cell division or organelle transport. Recent studies highlighted a novel role for actin dynamics in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and function, for example, through mitochondrial recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key factor in the mitochondrial fission machinery. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and permanent fission and fusion is essential to maintain their function in energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we summarize recent insights into the emerging role of cofilin1, a key regulator of actin dynamics, for mitochondrial shape and function under physiological conditions and during cellular stress, respectively. This is of peculiar importance in neurons, which are particularly prone to changes in actin regulation and mitochondrial integrity and function. In neurons, cofilin1 may contribute to degenerative processes through formation of cofilin-actin rods, and through enhanced mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and the release of cytochrome c. Overall, mitochondrial impairment induced by dysfunction of actin-regulating proteins such as cofilin1 emerge as important mechanisms of neuronal death with relevance to acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 2, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 2, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 2, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.,Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease: How the Actin Cytoskeleton Contributes to Synaptic Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030908. [PMID: 32019166 PMCID: PMC7036943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Aβ-driven synaptic dysfunction in the early phases of pathogenesis. In the synaptic context, the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial element to maintain the dendritic spine architecture and to orchestrate the spine’s morphology remodeling driven by synaptic activity. Indeed, spine shape and synaptic strength are strictly correlated and precisely governed during plasticity phenomena in order to convert short-term alterations of synaptic strength into long-lasting changes that are embedded in stable structural modification. These functional and structural modifications are considered the biological basis of learning and memory processes. In this review we discussed the existing evidence regarding the role of the spine actin cytoskeleton in AD synaptic failure. We revised the physiological function of the actin cytoskeleton in the spine shaping and the contribution of actin dynamics in the endocytosis mechanism. The internalization process is implicated in different aspects of AD since it controls both glutamate receptor membrane levels and amyloid generation. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling the actin cytoskeleton in a unique biological context as the dendritic spine could pave the way to the development of innovative synapse-tailored therapeutic interventions and to the identification of novel biomarkers to monitor synaptic loss in AD.
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Liu T, Woo JAA, Yan Y, LePochat P, Bukhari MZ, Kang DE. Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid-β clearance. FASEB J 2019; 33:14234-14247. [PMID: 31646885 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a pivotal early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, neurons produce Aβ by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the endocytic pathway, whereas microglia mediate Aβ clearance also via endocytic mechanisms. Previous studies have shown the critical importance of cofilin, a filamentous actin-severing protein, in actin dynamics and pathogen-triggered endocytic processes. Moreover, the binding of Aβ42 oligomers to β1-integrin triggers the cofilin activation, and in turn, cofilin promotes the internalization of surface β1-integrin. However, a role for cofilin in APP processing and Aβ metabolism has not been investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of cofilin in Chinese hamster ovary 7WD10 cells and primary neurons significantly reduces Aβ production by increasing surface APP (sAPP) levels. Expression of active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) cofilin reduces sAPP levels by enhancing APP endocytosis. Accordingly, Aβ deposition in APP and presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice is significantly reduced by genetic reduction of cofilin (APP/PS1;cofilin+/-). However, the reduction of Aβ load in APP/PS1;cofilin+/- mice is paradoxically associated with significantly increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive microglial activation surrounding Aβ deposits. Primary microglia isolated from cofilin+/- mice demonstrate significantly enhanced state of activation and greater ability to uptake and clear Aβ42, which is reversed with the active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) form of cofilin. These results taken together indicate a significant role for cofilin in Aβ accumulation via dual and opposing endocytic mechanisms of promoting Aβ production in neurons and inhibiting Aβ clearance in microglia.-Liu, T., Woo, J.-A. A., Yan, Y., LePochat, P., Bukhari, M. Z., Kang, D. E. Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid-β clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David E Kang
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Sun J, Shi J, Hou J, Guo C, Heng X, Qi G. Electroacupuncture protects rats from ischemic brain injury via coffilin in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:43-48. [PMID: 31599049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to study the expression level of cofilin after electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment, using ischemic brain injury model in mice. In addition, infarct volume and neurological functions were measured to understand whether electroacupuncture stimulation could restore the functions of the brain. METHODS Total of 36 mice was randomly divided into three groups: sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MACO), and middle cerebral artery occlusion model pretreated with EA (MACO + EA). Mice were stimulated at "Baihui (G20)" and "Dazhui (G14)" 24 hours before focal cerebral ischemia. Infarct volume and neuronal function of brain tissue were scored among different experimental groups. The expression level of cofilin and phosphocofilin of brain tissue were evaluated by using Western blot analysis. TUNEL assay was performed to determine the degree of cell apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the level of cofilin was dramatically reduced in the MACO group. EA pretreatment could reduce the protein level of cofilin, while EA therapy could also upregulate the protein level of phosphocofilin. Improved neuronal function, smaller infarct volume, and reduced neuronal apoptosis were observed among the mice underwent EA before middle artery occlusion. CONCLUSION Our results from Western blot analysis and TUNEL assay might suggest that the upregulation of cofilin was concerned with the EA protects rats from ischemic brain injury. Cofilin might be a potential target for developing drugs against brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juguang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhui Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueli Heng
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Sun Y, Liang L, Dong M, Li C, Liu Z, Gao H. Cofilin 2 in Serum as a Novel Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:214. [PMID: 31447667 PMCID: PMC6696795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important and urgent area of study, not only to aid in the early diagnosis of AD, but also to evaluate potentially new anti-AD drugs. The aim of this study was to explore cofilin 2 in serum as a novel biomarker for AD. The upregulation was observed in AD patients and different AD animal models compared to the controls, as well as in AD cell models. Memantine and donepezil can attenuate the upregulation of cofilin 2 expression in APP/PS1 mice. The serum levels of cofilin 2 in AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were significantly higher compared to controls (AD: 167.9 ± 35.3 pg/mL; MCI: 115.9 ± 15.4 pg/mL; Control: 90.5 ± 27.1 pg/mL; p < 0.01). A significant correlation between cofilin 2 levels and cognitive decline was observed (r = –0.792; p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of cofilin 2 was 0.957, and the diagnostic accuracy was 80%, with 93% sensitivity and 87% specificity. The optimal cut-off value was 130.4 pg/ml. Our results indicate the possibility of serum cofilin 2 as a novel and non-invasive biomarker for AD. In addition, the expression of cofilin 2 was found to be significantly increased in AD compared to vascular dementia (VaD), and only an increased trend but not significant was detected in VaD compared to the controls. ROC analysis between AD and VaD showed that the AUC was 0.824, which could indicate a role of cofilin 2 as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis between AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Lisheng Liang
- Department of Pain, Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Meili Dong
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Touyz RM, Alves-Lopes R, Rios FJ, Camargo LL, Anagnostopoulou A, Arner A, Montezano AC. Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:529-539. [PMID: 29394331 PMCID: PMC5852517 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Smith LK, Kuhn TB, Chen J, Bamburg JR. HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disorders: A New Perspective on the Role of Lipid Rafts in Gp120-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:258-269. [PMID: 30280668 PMCID: PMC6398609 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666181003144740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) as the primary means of treatment for HIV infection has achieved a dramatic decline in deaths attributed to AIDS and the reduced incidence of severe forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in infected individuals. Despite these advances, milder forms of HAND persist and prevalence of these forms of neurocognitive impairment are rising with the aging population of HIV infected individuals. HIV enters the CNS early in the pathophysiology establishing persistent infection in resident macrophages and glial cells. These infected cells, in turn, secrete neurotoxic viral proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and small metabolites thought to contribute to neurodegenerative processes. The viral envelope protein gp120 has been identified as a potent neurotoxin affecting neurodegeneration via indirect and direct mechanisms involving interactions with chemokine co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. This short review focuses on gp120 neurotropism and associated mechanisms of neurotoxicity linked to chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 with a new perspective on plasma membrane lipid rafts as an active participant in gp120-mediated neurodegeneration underlying HIV induced CNS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Thomas B Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Kovaleva TF, Maksimova NS, Zhukov IY, Pershin VI, Mukhina IV, Gainullin MR. Cofilin: Molecular and Cellular Functions and Its Role in the Functioning of the Nervous System. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Woo JAA, Liu T, Fang CC, Cazzaro S, Kee T, LePochat P, Yrigoin K, Penn C, Zhao X, Wang X, Liggett SB, Kang DE. Activated cofilin exacerbates tau pathology by impairing tau-mediated microtubule dynamics. Commun Biol 2019; 2:112. [PMID: 30911686 PMCID: PMC6430779 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. While the accumulation of Aβ is pivotal to the etiology of AD, both the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and the F-actin severing protein cofilin are necessary for the deleterious effects of Aβ. However, the molecular link between tau and cofilin remains unclear. In this study, we found that cofilin competes with tau for direct microtubule binding in vitro, in cells, and in vivo, which inhibits tau-induced microtubule assembly. Genetic reduction of cofilin mitigates tauopathy and synaptic defects in Tau-P301S mice and movement deficits in tau transgenic C. elegans. The pathogenic effects of cofilin are selectively mediated by activated cofilin, as active but not inactive cofilin selectively interacts with tubulin, destabilizes microtubules, and promotes tauopathy. These results therefore indicate that activated cofilin plays an essential intermediary role in neurotoxic signaling that promotes tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-A. A. Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Cenxiao C. Fang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Teresa Kee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Courtney Penn
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - David E. Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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