1
|
Cai Y, Zhang Y, Fang L, Ren Y, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Wang P. Conjugated polymers of an oxa[5]helicene-derived polycyclic heteroaromatic: tailoring energy levels and compatibility for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04244a. [PMID: 39246348 PMCID: PMC11378023 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to enhance the efficiency and durability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), engineering hole-transporting conjugated polymers with well-matched energy levels, exceptional film-forming properties, rapid hole transport, and superior moduli is paramount. Here, we present a novel approach involving the customization of a conjugated polymer, designated as p-DTPF4-EBEH, comprising alternating units of an oxa[5]helicene-based polycyclic heteroaromatic (DTPF4) and 5,5'-(2,5-di(hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EBEH), synthesized through palladium-catalyzed direct arylation. Relative to homopolymers p-DTPF4 and p-EBEH, p-DTPF4-EBEH demonstrates a proper HOMO energy level, hole density, and hole mobility, alongside superior film-forming capabilities. Remarkably, compared to the commonly used hole transport material spiro-OMeTAD, p-DTPF4-EBEH not only exhibits superior film-forming property and hole mobility but also offers increased modulus and improved waterproofing. Incorporating p-DTPF4-EBEH as the hole transport material in PSCs results in an average power conversion efficiency of 25.8%, surpassing the 24.3% achieved with spiro-OMeTAD. Importantly, devices utilizing p-DTPF4-EBEH demonstrate enhanced thermal storage stability at 85 °C, along with operational robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lingyi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yutong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dallaire N, Boileau NT, Myers I, Brixi S, Ourabi M, Raluchukwu E, Cranston R, Lamontagne HR, King B, Ronnasi B, Melville OA, Manion JG, Lessard BH. High Throughput Characterization of Organic Thin Film Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406105. [PMID: 39149766 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Automation is vital to accelerating research. In recent years, the application of self-driving labs to materials discovery and device optimization has highlighted many benefits and challenges inherent to these new technologies. Successful automated workflows offer tangible benefits to fundamental science and industrial scale-up by significantly increasing productivity and reproducibility all while enabling entirely new types of experiments. However, it's implemtation is often time-consuming and cost-prohibitive and necessitates establishing multidisciplinary teams that bring together domain-specific knowledge with specific skillsets in computer science and engineering. This perspective article provides a comprehensive overview of how the research group has adopted "hybrid automation" over the last 8 years by using simple automatic electrical testers (autotesters) as a tool to increase productivity and enhance reproducibility in organic thin film transistor (OTFT) research. From wearable and stretchable electronics to next-generation sensors and displays, OTFTs have the potential to be a key technology that will enable new applications from health to aerospace. The combination of materials chemistry, device manufacturing, thin film characterization and electrical engineering makes OTFT research challenging due to the large parameter space created by both diverse material roles and device architectures. Consequently, this research stands to benefit enormously from automation. By leveraging the multidisciplinary team and taking a user-centered design approach in the design and continued improvement of the autotesters, the group has meaningfully increased productivity, explored research avenues impossible with traditional workflows, and developed as scientists and engineers capable of effectively designing and leveraging automation to build the future of their fields to encourage this approach, the files for replicating the infrastructure are included, and questions and potential collaborations are welcomed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dallaire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicholas T Boileau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ian Myers
- University of Ottawa Electronics shop, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Samantha Brixi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - May Ourabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ewenike Raluchukwu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rosemary Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Halynne R Lamontagne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin King
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bahar Ronnasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Owen A Melville
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sato C, Dekura S, Sato H, Sambe K, Takeda T, Kurihara T, Mizuno M, Taniguchi T, Wu J, Nakamura T, Akutagawa T. Proton Conduction in Chiral Molecular Assemblies of Azolium-Camphorsulfonate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22699-22710. [PMID: 39083719 PMCID: PMC11328138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral molecular assemblies have attracted considerable attention because of their interesting physical properties, such as spin-selective electron transport. Cation-anion salts of three azolium cations, imidazolium (HIm+), triazolium (HTrz+), and thiazolium (HThz+), in combination with a chiral camphorsulfonate (1S-CS-) and their racemic compounds (rac-CS-) were prepared and compared in terms of phase transitions, crystal structures, dynamics of constituent molecules, dielectric responses, and proton conductivities. The cation-anion crystals containing HIm+ showed no significant difference in proton conductivity between the homochiral and racemic crystals, whereas the HTrz+-containing crystals showed higher proton conductivity and lower activation energy in the homochiral form than in the racemic form. A two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network consisting of HTrz+ and -SO3- groups and similar in-plane rotational motion was observed in both crystals; however, the HTrz+ cation in the homochiral crystal exhibited the rotational motion modulated with translational motion, whereas the HTrz+ cation in the racemic crystal exhibited almost steady in-plane rotational motion. The different motional degrees of freedom were confirmed by crystal structure analyses and temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric constants. In contrast, steady in-plane rotational motion with the thermally activated fluctuating motion of CS- was observed both in homochiral and racemic crystals containing HIm+, which averaged the motional space of protons resulting in similar dielectric responses and proton conductivities. The control of motional degrees of freedom in homochiral crystals affects the proton conductivity and is useful for the design of molecular proton conductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shun Dekura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kohei Sambe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Taniguchi
- Center for Data Science, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albano G, Portus L, Martinelli E, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Impact of Temperature on the Chiroptical Properties of Thin Films of Chiral Thiophene-based Oligomers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300667. [PMID: 38339881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
According to the theoretical model based on the Mueller matrix approach, the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) for thin films of chiral organic dyes can be expressed as the sum of several contributions, two of which are the most significant: 1) an intrinsic component (CDiso) invariant upon sample orientation, reflecting the molecular and/or supramolecular chirality, due to 3D-chiral nanoscopic structures; 2) a non-reciprocal component (LDLB) which inverts its sign upon sample flipping, which arises from the interaction of linear dichroism and linear birefringence in locally anisotropic domains, expression of 2D-chiral micro/mesoscopic structures. In this work, we followed in parallel through ECD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the temperature evolution of the supramolecular arrangements of thin films of five structurally related chiral thiophene-based oligomers with different LDLB/CDiso ratio. By increasing the temperature, regardless of phase transitions observed by DSC analysis, systems with strong CDiso revealed no changes in the ECD spectrum, while compounds with dominant LDLB contribution underwent a gradual (and reversible) reduction of (apparent) ECD signals. These findings demonstrated that the concomitant occurrence of intrinsic and non-reciprocal components in the ECD spectrum of thin films of chiral organic dyes is strictly correlated with solid-state organizations of different stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Portus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, He L, Cai Y, Zhang J, Wang P. Aza[5]helicene-Derived Semiconducting Polymers for Improved Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells: Exploring Energetic and Morphological Influences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401605. [PMID: 38363082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The strategic design of solution-processable semiconducting polymers possessing both matched energy levels and elevated glass transition temperatures is of urgent importance in the progression of thermally robust n-i-p perovskite solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 25 %. In this work, we employed direct arylation polymerization to achieve the high-yield synthesis of three aza[5]helicene-derived copolymers with distinct HOMO energy levels and exceptional glass transition temperatures. Upon integration of these semiconducting polymers into formamidinium lead triiodide-based perovskite solar cells, marked disparities in photovoltaic parameters manifest, primarily stemming from variations in the electrical conductivity and film morphology of the hole transport layers. The p-A5HP-E-POZOD-E copolymer, featuring a main chain comprising alternating repeats of aza[5]helicene, ethylenedioxythiophene, phenoxazine, and ethylenedioxythiophene, attains an initial average efficiency of 25.5 %, markedly surpassing reference materials such as spiro-OMeTAD (23.0 %), PTAA (17.0 %), and P3HT (11.6 %). Notably, p-A5HP-E-POZOD-E exhibits a high cohesive energy density, resulting in enhanced Young's modulus and diminished external species diffusion coefficients, thereby conferring perovskite solar cells with exceptional 85 °C tolerance and operational stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lifei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaohang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan M, Qiu Y, Gao H, Feng J, Jiang L, Wu Y. Molecular Electronics: From Nanostructure Assembly to Device Integration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7885-7904. [PMID: 38483827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Integrated electronics and optoelectronics based on organic semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in displays, photovoltaics, and biosensing owing to their designable electronic properties, solution processability, and flexibility. Miniaturization and integration of devices are growing trends in molecular electronics and optoelectronics for practical applications, which requires large-scale and versatile assembly strategies for patterning organic micro/nano-structures with simultaneously long-range order, pure orientation, and high resolution. Although various integration methods have been developed in past decades, molecular electronics still needs a versatile platform to avoid defects and disorders due to weak intermolecular interactions in organic materials. In this perspective, a roadmap of organic integration technologies in recent three decades is provided to review the history of molecular electronics. First, we highlight the importance of long-range-ordered molecular packing for achieving exotic electronic and photophysical properties. Second, we classify the strategies for large-scale integration of molecular electronics through the control of nucleation and crystallographic orientation, and evaluate them based on factors of resolution, crystallinity, orientation, scalability, and versatility. Third, we discuss the multifunctional devices and integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and photodetectors. Finally, we explore future research directions and outlines the need for further development of molecular electronics, including assembly of doped organic semiconductors and heterostructures, biological interfaces in molecular electronics and integrated organic logics based on complementary FETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren S, Zhang W, Chen J, Yassar A. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Different Side Chains on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Derived Polymers: Towards Organic Transistors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1099. [PMID: 38256172 PMCID: PMC10816275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, two polymers of P1 and P2 based on monomers consisting of thiophene, 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) are designed and obtained via Stille coupling polycondensation. The material shows excellent coplanarity and structural regularity due to the fine planarity of DPP itself and the weak non-covalent bonding interactions existing between the three units. Two different lengths of non-conjugated side chains are introduced and this has an effect on the intermolecular chain stacking, causing the film absorption to display different characteristic properties. On the other hand, the difference in the side chains does not have a significant effect on the thermal stability and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the materials, which is related to the fact that the materials both feature extremely high conjugation lengths and specific molecular compositions. Microscopic investigations targeting the side chains provide a contribution to the further design of organic semiconductor materials that meet device requirements. Tests based on organic transistors show a slight difference in conductivity between the two polymers, with P2 having better hole mobility than P1. This study highlights the importance of the impact of side chains on device performance, especially in the field of organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao in-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Albano G, Aronica LA, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiral diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-based oligothiophenes: Synthesis and characterization of aggregated states in solution and thin films. Chirality 2024; 36:e23608. [PMID: 37424264 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a family of three structurally related chiral oligothiophenes containing a 1,4-diketo-3,6-diarylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) unit as the central core; functionalized with the same (S)-3,7-dimethyl-1-octyl chains on the nitrogen atoms of lactam moieties, they only differ in the number of lateral thiophene units. The aggregation modes of these π-conjugated chiral systems were evaluated by means of UV-Vis absorption and ECD spectroscopies in conditions of solution aggregation (CHCl3 /MeOH mixtures) and as thin films, describing in particular the impact of the π-conjugation length on the chiroptical properties. Interestingly, we found that the variable number of thiophene units attached to the DPP core affects not only the propensity to aggregation but also the aggregates' helicity. ECD revealed information about the supramolecular arrangement of these molecules, that one would not obtain by using conventional optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Thin film samples revealed very different aggregation modes with respect to solution aggregates, casting doubts on the common assumption that these latter may serve as simple models of the former ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu C, Vella J, Eedugurala N, Mahalingavelar P, Bills T, Salcido‐Santacruz B, Sfeir MY, Azoulay JD. Ultrasensitive Room Temperature Infrared Photodetection Using a Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304077. [PMID: 37888896 PMCID: PMC10754133 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors operating across the short-, mid-, and long-wave infrared (SWIR-LWIR, λ = 1-14 µm) underpin modern science, technology, and society in profound ways. Narrow bandgap semiconductors that form the basis for these devices require complex manufacturing, high costs, cooling, and lack compatibility with silicon electronics, attributes that remain prohibitive for their widespread usage and the development of emerging technologies. Here, a photoconductive detector, fabricated using a solution-processed narrow bandgap conjugated polymer is demonstrated that enables charge carrier generation in the infrared and ultrasensitive SWIR-LWIR photodetection at room temperature. Devices demonstrate an ultralow electronic noise that enables outstanding performance from a simple, monolithic device enabling a high detectivity (D*, the figure of merit for detector sensitivity) >2.44 × 109 Jones (cm Hz1/2 W-1 ) using the ultralow flux of a blackbody that mirrors the background emission of objects. These attributes, ease of fabrication, low dark current characteristics, and highly sensitive operation overcome major limitations inherent within modern narrow-bandgap semiconductors, demonstrate practical utility, and suggest that uncooled detectivities superior to many inorganic devices can be achieved at high operating temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Jarrett Vella
- Sensor DirectorateAir Force Research LaboratoryWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH45433USA
| | - Naresh Eedugurala
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Paramasivam Mahalingavelar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Tyler Bills
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Bernardo Salcido‐Santacruz
- Photonics InitiativeAdvanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- Department of ChemistryThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Photonics InitiativeAdvanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- Department of ChemistryThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
- Department of PhysicsThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdelaziz B, Chérif I, Gassoumi B, Patanè S, Ayachi S. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Responses of Nitrobenzofurazan-Sulfide Derivatives: DFT-QTAIM Investigation on Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9895-9910. [PMID: 37972307 PMCID: PMC10694821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the green fluorescence exhibited by nitrobenzofurazan-sulfide derivatives (NBD-Si, i = 1-4). The optical responses of these studied compounds in a polar methanol solvent were simulated by the use of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) employing the Becke-3-Parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) functional along with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The computed energy and oscillator strength (f) results complement the experimental results. The band gap was calculated as the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Additionally, the density of states (DOS) was computed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties of these materials and further corroborating the experimental data. When the experimental data derived from ultraviolet/visible (UV/visible) and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques and those from simulated spectra are analyzed, the extracted values match up adequately. In addition, the NBD-sulfide compounds exhibit a large Stokes shift up to 85 nm in a polar methanol solvent. They are hypothesized to represent a novel paradigm of excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). To understand the intrinsic optical properties of NBD-Si materials, an ICT was identified, and its direction within the molecule was evaluated using the ratio of βvect and βtotal, values extracted from the computed nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Moreover, the reduced density gradient (RDG)-based noncovalent interactions (NCIs) were employed to characterize the strength and type of NBD-Si interactions. Furthermore, noncovalent interactions were identified and categorized using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Ultimately, the combination of Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations was utilized to enhance the characterization and rationalization of these NCIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balkis Abdelaziz
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department
of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth
Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Imen Chérif
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bouzid Gassoumi
- Laboratoire
Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté
des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Department
of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth
Sciences, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei Y, Cai Y, He L, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Wang P. Molecular engineering of nitrogen-rich helicene based organic semiconductors for stable perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10285-10296. [PMID: 37772097 PMCID: PMC10530664 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02845c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic heteroaromatics play a pivotal role in advancing the field of high-performance organic semiconductors. In this study, we report the synthesis of a pyrrole-bridged double azahelicene through intramolecular oxidative cyclization. By incorporating bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine (OMeDPA) and ethylenedioxythiophene-phenyl-OMeDPA (EP-OMeDPA) into the sp3-nitrogen rich double helicene framework, we have successfully constructed two organic semiconductors with ionization potentials suitable for application in perovskite solar cells. The amorphous films of both organic semiconductors exhibit hole density-dependent mobility and conductivity. Notably, the organic semiconductor utilizing EP-OMeDPA as the electron donor demonstrates superior hole mobility at a given hole density, which is attributed to reduced reorganization energy and increased centroid distance. Moreover, this organic semiconductor exhibits a remarkably elevated glass transition temperature of up to 230 °C and lower diffusivity for external small molecules and ions. When employed as the p-doped hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells, TMDAP-EP-OMeDPA achieves an improved average efficiency of 21.7%. Importantly, the solar cell with TMDAP-EP-OMeDPA also demonstrates enhanced long-term operational stability and storage stability at 85 °C. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of high-performance organic semiconductors, contributing to the practical application of perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yaohang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Lifei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sánchez Vergara ME, Cantera Cantera LA, Rios C, Salcedo R, Lozada Flores O, Dutt A. Preparation of Hybrid Films Based in Aluminum 8-Hydroxyquinoline as Organic Semiconductor for Photoconductor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7708. [PMID: 37765766 PMCID: PMC10534926 DOI: 10.3390/s23187708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated an organic semiconductor based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3) doped with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), which can be used as an organic photoconductor. DFT calculations were carried out to optimize the structure of semiconductor species and to obtain related constants in order to compare experimental and theoretical results. Subsequently, AlQ3-TCNQ films with polypyrrole (Ppy) matrix were fabricated, and they were morphologically and mechanically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy techniques. The maximum stress for the film is 8.66 MPa, and the Knoop hardness is 0.0311. The optical behavior of the film was also analyzed, and the optical properties were found to exhibit two indirect transitions at 2.58 and 3.06 eV. Additionally, photoluminescence measurements were carried out and the film showed an intense visible emission in the visible region. Finally, a photoconductor was fabricated and electrically characterized. Applying a cubic spline approximation to fit cubic polynomials to the J-V curves, the ohmic to SCLC transition voltage VON and the trap-filled-limit voltage VTFL for the device were obtained. Then, the free carrier density and trap density for the device were approximated to n0=4.4586×10191m3 and Nt=3.1333×10311m3, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Cantera Cantera
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Rios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Octavio Lozada Flores
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Insurgentes Mixcoac, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Son MHC, Berghuis AM, de Waal BFM, Wenzel FA, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Rivas JG, Vantomme G, Meijer EW. Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase-Separated Block Molecules for Long-Range Exciton Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300891. [PMID: 37002556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transport over long distances is essential for optoelectronic and light-harvesting devices. Although self-assembled nanofibers of organic molecules are shown to exhibit long exciton diffusion lengths, alignment of these nanofibers into films with large, organized domains with similar properties remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how the functionalization of C3 -symmetric carbonyl-bridged triarylamine trisamide (CBT) with oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains of discrete length leads to fully covered surfaces with aligned domains up to 125 × 70 µm2 in which long-range exciton transport takes place. The nanoscale morphology within the domains consists of highly ordered nanofibers with discrete intercolumnar spacings within a soft amorphous oDMS matrix. The oDMS prevents bundling of the CBT fibers, reducing the number of defects within the CBT columns. As a result, the columns have a high degree of coherence, leading to exciton diffusion lengths of a few hundred nanometers with exciton diffusivities (≈0.05 cm2 s-1 ) that are comparable to those of a crystalline tetracene. These findings represent the next step toward fully covered surfaces of highly aligned nanofibers through functionalization with oDMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H C van Son
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anton M Berghuis
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang Q, Chen X, Li W, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Chi Z. Local dynamics in a hydrogen-bonded organic framework for adaptive guest accommodation with programmable luminescence. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
16
|
Deng J, Guo Y, Li W, Xie Z, Ke Y, Janssen RAJ, Li M. Tuning the nanostructure and molecular orientation of high molecular weight diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers for high-performance field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:553-561. [PMID: 36533584 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a versatile class of semiconductors, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based conjugated polymers are well suited for applications of next-generation plastic electronics because of their excellent and tunable optoelectronic properties via a rational design of chemical structures. However, it remains a challenge to unravel and eventually influence the correlation between their solution-state aggregation and solid-state microstructure. In this contribution, the solution-state aggregation of high molecular weight PDPP3T is effectively enhanced by solvent selectivity, and a fibril-like nanostructure with short-range and long-range order is generated and tuned in thin films. The predominant role of solvent quality on polymer packing orientation is revealed, with an orientational transition from a face-on to an edge-on texture for the same PDPP3T. The resultant edge-on arranged films lead to a significant improvement in charge transport in transistors, and the field-effect hole mobility reaches 2.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a drain current on/off ratio of up to 108. Our findings offer a new strategy for enhancing the device performance of polymer electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Janpatompong Y, Spring AM, Komanduri V, Khan RU, Turner ML. Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of o-Dialkoxy Paracyclophanedienes. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10854-10864. [PMID: 36590370 PMCID: PMC9798985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The highly strained ortho-diethylhexyloxy [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene (M1) can be synthesized by ring contraction of a dithia[3.3]paracyclophane using a benzyne-induced Stevens rearrangement. This paracyclophanediene undergoes ring-opening metathesis polymerization to give well-defined 2,3-dialkoxyphenylenevinylene polymers with an alternating cis/trans alkene stereochemistry and controllable molecular weight. Fully conjugated block copolymers with electron-rich and electron-deficient phenylene vinylene polymer segments can be prepared by sequential monomer additions. These polymers can be readily isomerized to the all-trans stereochemistry polymer. The optical and electrochemical properties of these polymers were investigated by theory and experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurachat Janpatompong
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Andrew M. Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Venukrishnan Komanduri
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Raja U. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Michael L. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen T, Shi R, Gui R, Hu H, Zhang W, Zhang K, Cui B, Yin H, Gao K, Liu J. Fluorination of Terminal Groups Promoting Electron Transfer in Small Molecular Acceptors of Bulk Heterojunction Films. Molecules 2022; 27:9037. [PMID: 36558170 PMCID: PMC9780906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorination strategy is one of the most efficient and popular molecular modification methods to develop new materials for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. For OPV materials, it is a broad agreement that fluorination can reduce the energy level and change the morphology of active layers. To explore the effect of fluorination on small molecule acceptors, we selected two non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films, involving PM6:Y6 and PM6:Y5 as model systems. The electron mobilities of the PM6:Y5 and PM6:Y6 BHJ films are 5.76 × 10-7 cm2V-1s-1 and 5.02 × 10-5 cm2V-1s-1 from the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, it is observed that halogen bonds can be formed between Y6 dimers, which can provide external channels for electron carrier transfer. Meanwhile, the "A-to-A" type J-aggregates are more likely to be generated between Y6 molecules, and the π-π stacking can be also enhanced, thus increasing the charge transfer rate and electron mobility between Y6 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fukaya N, Ogi S, Sotome H, Fujimoto KJ, Yanai T, Bäumer N, Fernández G, Miyasaka H, Yamaguchi S. Impact of Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Balance on Aggregation Pathways, Morphologies, and Excited-State Dynamics of Amphiphilic Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes in Aqueous Media. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22479-22492. [PMID: 36459436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We report the thermodynamic and kinetic aqueous self-assembly of a series of amide-functionalized dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPPs) that bear various hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) and hydrophobic alkyl chains. Spectroscopic and microscopic studies showed that the TDPP-based amphiphiles with an octyl group form sheet-like aggregates with J-type exciton coupling. The effect of the alkyl chains on the aggregated structure and the internal molecular orientation was examined via computational studies combining MD simulations and TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore, solvent and thermal denaturation experiments provided a state diagram that indicates the formation of unexpected nanoparticles during the self-assembly into nanosheets when longer OEG side chains are introduced. A kinetic analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were obtained selectively as an on-pathway intermediate state toward the formation of thermodynamically controlled nanosheets. The metastable aggregates were used for seed-initiated supramolecular assembly, which allowed establishing control over the assembly kinetics and the aggregate size. The sheet-like aggregates prepared using the seeding method exhibited coherent vibration in the excited state, indicating a well-ordered orientation of the TDPP units. These results underline the significance of fine tuning of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance in the molecular design to kinetically control the assembly of amphiphilic π-conjugated molecules into two-dimensional nanostructures in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fukaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Enhanced mobility preservation of polythiophenes in stretched states utilizing thienyl-ester conjugated side chain. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
21
|
Order from disorder: Directed assembly of alkyl-π functional molecular liquids. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Lv Q, Zheng M, Wang XD, Liao LS. Low-Dimensional Organic Crystals: From Precise Synthesis to Advanced Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203961. [PMID: 36057992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic crystals (LOCs) have attracted increasing attention recently for their potential applications in miniaturized optoelectronics and integrated photonics. Such applications are possible owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and excellent charge/photon transport features. As a result, the precise synthesis of LOCs has been examined in terms of morphology modulation, large-area pattern arrays, and complex architectures, and this has led to a series of appealing structure-dependent properties for future optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the precise synthesis of LOCs in addition to discussing their structure-property relationships in the context of optoelectronic applications. It also presents the current challenges related to organic crystals with specific structures and desired performances, and the outlook regarding their use in next-generation integrated optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rimmele M, Glöcklhofer F, Heeney M. Post-polymerisation approaches for the rapid modification of conjugated polymer properties. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2678-2697. [PMID: 35983884 PMCID: PMC9620492 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-polymerisation functionalisation provides a facile and efficient way for the introduction of functional groups on the backbone of conjugated polymers. Using post-polymerisation functionalisation approaches, the polymer chain length is usually not affected, meaning that the resulting polymers only differ in their attached functional groups or side chains, which makes them particularly interesting for investigating the influence of the different groups on the polymer properties. For such functionalisations, highly efficient and selective reactions are needed to avoid the formation of complex mixtures or permanent defects in the polymer backbone. A variety of suitable synthetic approaches and reactions that fulfil these criteria have been identified and reported. In this review, a thorough overview is given of the post-polymerisation functionalisations reported to date, with the methods grouped based on the type of reaction used: cycloaddition, oxidation/reduction, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, or halogenation and subsequent cross-coupling reaction. Instead of modifications on the aliphatic side chains of the conjugated polymers, we focus on modifications directly on the conjugated backbones, as these have the most pronounced effect on the optical and electronic properties. Some of the discussed materials have been used in applications, ranging from solar cells to bioelectronics. By providing an overview of this versatile and expanding field for the first time, we showcase post-polymerisation functionalisation as an exciting pathway for the creation of new conjugated materials for a range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimmele
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Joseph JP, Abraham SR, Dutta A, Baev A, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Modulating the Chiroptical Response of Chiral Polymers with Extended Conjugation within the Structural Building Blocks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9085-9095. [PMID: 36154023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advancing the emerging area of chiral photonics requires modeling-guided concepts of chiral material design to enhance optical activity and associated optical rotatory dispersion. Herein, we introduce conformational engineering achieved by tuning polymer backbone conjugation through introduction of thiophene structural units in a chiral fluorene polymer backbone. Our theoretical calculations reveal a relationship between the structural conformation and the resultant rotational strength. We further synthesize a series of chiral fluorene-based polymers copolymerized with thiophene whose optical chirality trend is in qualitative agreement with predictions of our quantum chemical calculations. Varying the number of thiophene units in the monomer building block allows us to modulate the rotational strength by tuning the intrafibril helicity of single-stranded polymer chains, whereby the monomer conjugation is retained throughout the whole length of the polymer backbone. Our design concept delineates an underexamined approach: the concept of tuning backbone conjugation and helicity within the main chain to enhance the optical activity of chiral polymer systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shema R Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Avisek Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Geng Y, Cao S, Chen Z, Gao H, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wu Y. Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Polymer Microwire Arrays toward Wearable Medical Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41257-41263. [PMID: 36044649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer micro/nanoarchitectures have attracted intense interest for wearable medical applications due to their excellent mechanical flexibility, solution processability, and tunable optoelectronic properties. Based on polymer micro/nanostructures, high-performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors can not only functionalize the accurate image sensing but also sustain the biocomfortable flexible devices for real-time health monitoring. The main challenges are focused on the integration of medical wearable devices, which requires large-scale assembly of polymer micro/nanostructures with controlled morphology and strict alignment. Herein, we utilized a confined assembly system through the cautious regulation for the growth of high-quality polymer 1D arrays. UV photodetectors based on these polymer microwire arrays perform a high on/off ratio of 137 and responsivity of 19.1 mA W-1. Polymer microarray photodetectors facilitate the scale-up fabrication of 14 × 18 multiplexed image sensors for highly accurate capturing the signals of Arabic numerals "1," "2," and "3." Flexible UV photodetectors based on these arrays present excellent flexibility and bending durability, maintaining 97% of their original on/off ratio after 4000 cycles with a 10 mm bending radius. UV photodetection signals were also collected from the attached flexible devices on the back skin of the mouse, demonstrating the great potential in wearable medical photodetection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen C, Guo X, Zhao G, Yao Y, Zhu Y. Effects of electron irradiation on structure and bonding of polymer spherulite thin films. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
27
|
Velusamy A, Afraj SN, Yau S, Liu C, Ezhumalai Y, Kumaresan P, Chen M. Fused thiophene based materials for organic thin‐film transistors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shuehlin Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore India
| | | | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma J, Han N, Yu H, Li J, Shi J, Wang S, Zhang H, Wang M. Multi-Decker Emissive Supramolecular Architectures Based on Shape-Complementary Ligands Pair. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202167. [PMID: 35638477 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dye aggregates have attracted a great deal of attention due to their widespread applications in organic light-emitting devices, light-harvesting systems, etc. However, the strategies to precisely control chromophores with specific spatial arrangements still remain a great challenge. In this work, a series of double- and triple-decker supramolecular complexes are successfully constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly of carefully designed shape-complementary ligands, one claw-like tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based host ligand and three tetratopic or ditopic guest ligands. The spatial configurations of these assemblies (one double-decker and three "S-shaped" or "X-shaped" triple-decker structures) depend on the angles of these TPE-derived ligands. Notably, the three triple-decker structures are geometric isomers. Furthermore, photophysical studies show that these complexes exhibit different ratios of radiative (kr ) and non-radiative (knr ) rate constant due to the different spatial arrangements of TPE moieties. This study provides not only a unique strategy for the construction of multi-stacks with specific spatial arrangement, but also a promising platform for investigating the aggregation behavior of fluorescent chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ningxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Shaozhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thanikachalam V, Karunakaran U, Jayabharathi J, Anudeebhana J, Thilagavathy S. Aggregation induced emission and mechanochromism: Multi stimuli responsive fluorescence switching of assistant acceptor modulated phenanthroimidazoles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Kim JH, Schembri T, Bialas D, Stolte M, Würthner F. Slip-Stacked J-Aggregate Materials for Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104678. [PMID: 34668248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye-dye interactions affect the optical and electronic properties in organic semiconductor films of light harvesting and detecting optoelectronic applications. This review elaborates how to tailor these properties of organic semiconductors for organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs). While these devices rely on similar materials, the demands for their optical properties are rather different, the former requiring a broad absorption spectrum spanning from the UV over visible up to the near-infrared region and the latter an ultra-narrow absorption spectrum at a specific, targeted wavelength. In order to design organic semiconductors satisfying these demands, fundamental insights on the relationship of optical properties are provided depending on molecular packing arrangement and the resultant electronic coupling thereof. Based on recent advancements in the theoretical understanding of intermolecular interactions between slip-stacked dyes, distinguishing classical J-aggregates with predominant long-range Coulomb coupling from charge transfer (CT)-mediated or -coupled J-aggregates, whose red-shifts are primarily governed by short-range orbital interactions, is suggested. Within this framework, the relationship between aggregate structure and functional properties of representative classes of dye aggregates is analyzed for the most advanced OSCs and wavelength-selective OPDs, providing important insights into the rational design of thin-film optoelectronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Kim
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schembri
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu B, Vonhausen Y, Schulz A, Höbartner C, Würthner F. Peptide Backbone Directed Self-Assembly of Merocyanine Oligomers into Duplex Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200120. [PMID: 35194914 PMCID: PMC9401582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pseudopeptide backbone provided by N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine oligomers with attached nucleobases has been widely utilized in peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as DNA mimics. Here we demonstrate the suitability of this backbone for the formation of structurally defined dye stacks. Toward this goal a series of peptide merocyanine (PMC) dye oligomers connected to a N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine backbone were prepared through peptide synthesis. Our concentration-, temperature- and solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption studies show that under the control of dipole-dipole interactions, smaller-sized oligomers consisting of one, two or three dyes self-assemble into defined duplex structures containing two up to six chromophores. In contrast, upon further extension of the oligomer, the chosen peptide backbone cannot direct the formation of a defined duplex architecture anymore due to intramolecular aggregation between the dyes. For all aggregate species a moderate aggregation-induced emission enhancement is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Vonhausen
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Recent Progress of Benzodifuran‐Based Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu B, Vonhausen Y, Schulz A, Höbartner C, Würthner F. Peptide Backbone Directed Self‐Assembly of Merocyanine Oligomers into Duplex Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Yvonne Vonhausen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jun B, Lee CH, Lee SU. Strain-induced carrier mobility modulation in organic semiconductors. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Feng J, Qiu Y, Jiang L, Wu Y. Long-Range-Ordered Assembly of Micro-/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106857. [PMID: 34908188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-chip integration of solution-processable materials imposes stringent and simultaneous requirements of controlled nucleation and growth, tunable geometry and dimensions, and long-range-ordered assembly, which is challenging in solution process far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Superwetting interfaces, underpinned by programmable surface chemistry and topography, are promising for steering transport, dewetting, and microfluid dynamics of liquids, thus opening a new paradigm for micro-/nanostructure assembly in solution process. Herein, assembly methods on the basis of superwetting interfaces are reviewed for constructing long-range-ordered micro-/nanostructures. Confined capillary liquids, including capillary bridges and capillary corner menisci realized by controlling local wettability and surface topography, are highlighted for simultaneously attained deterministic patterning and long-range order. The versatility and robustness of confined capillary liquids are discussed with assembly of single-crystalline micro-/nanostructures of organic semiconductors, metal-halide perovskites, and colloidal-nanoparticle superlattices, which lead to enhanced device performances and exotic functionalities. Finally, a perspective for promising directions in this realm is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang J, Kang F, Wang X, Zhang Q. Design strategies for improving the crystallinity of covalent organic frameworks and conjugated polymers: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:121-146. [PMID: 34842260 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) or conjugated polymers (CPs) are very important and highly desirable because these materials would display better performance in diverse devices and provide more structure-property related information. However, how to achieve highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs is very challenging. Recently, many research studies have demonstrated the possibility of enhancing the crystallinity of COFs and CPs. Thus, it is timely to offer an overview of the important progress in improving the crystallinity of COFs and CPs from the viewpoint of design strategies. These strategies include polycondensation reaction optimization, improving the planarity, fluorine substitution, side chain engineering, and so on. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives are also discussed to promote the realization of highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu L, Yang Y, Wei Z. Chiral Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Circularly Polarized Light Luminescence and Detection. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Han MJ, Yun HS, Cho Y, Kim M, Yang C, Tsukruk VV, Yoon DK. Chiral Optoelectronic Functionalities via DNA-Organic Semiconductor Complex. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20353-20363. [PMID: 34874717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate the bio-organic field-effect transistor (BOFET) with the DNA-perylene diimide (PDI) complex, which shows unusual chiroptical and electrical functionalities. DNA is used as the chirality-inducing scaffold and the charge-injection layer. The shear-oriented film of the DNA-PDI complex shows how the large-area periodic molecular orientation and the charge transport are related, generating drastically different optoelectronic properties at each DNA/PDI concentration. The resultant BOFET reveals chiral structures with a high charge carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and photosensitivity, reaching 3.97 cm2 V-1 s-1, 1.18 A W-1, and 7.76 × 103, respectively. Interestingly, the BOFET enables the definitive response under the handedness of circularly polarized light with a high dissymmetry factor of approximately +0.14. This work highlights the natural chirality and anisotropy of DNA material and the electron conductivity of organic semiconducting molecules to be mutually used in significant chiro-optoelectronic functions as an added ability to the traditional OFET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hee Seong Yun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mok Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Choi Y, Kim DY. Quinoidal Small Molecule Containing Ring-Extended Termini for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27305-27314. [PMID: 34693151 PMCID: PMC8529684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized and characterized two quinoidal small molecules based on benzothiophene modified and original isatin terminal units, benzothiophene quinoidal thiophene (BzTQuT) and quinoidal thiophene (QuT), respectively, to investigate the effect of introducing a fused ring into the termini of quinoidal molecules. Extending the terminal unit of the quinoidal molecule affected the extension of π-electron delocalization and decreased the bond length alternation, which led to the downshifting of the collective Raman band and dramatically lowering the band gap. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices in neat BzTQuT films showed p-type transport behavior with low hole mobility, which was ascribed to the unsuitable film morphology for charge transport. By blending with an amorphous insulating polymer, polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), an OFET based on a BzTQuT film annealed at 150 °C exhibited improved mobility up to 0.09 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work successfully demonstrated that the extension of terminal groups into the quinoidal structure should be an effective strategy for constructing narrow band gap and high charge transporting organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu D, Mun J, Chen G, Schuster NJ, Wang W, Zheng Y, Nikzad S, Lai JC, Wu Y, Zhong D, Lin Y, Lei Y, Chen Y, Gam S, Chung JW, Yun Y, Tok JBH, Bao Z. A Design Strategy for Intrinsically Stretchable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors: Incorporating Conjugated Rigid Fused-Rings with Bulky Side Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11679-11689. [PMID: 34284578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to improve stretchability of polymer semiconductors, such as introducing flexible conjugation-breakers or adding flexible blocks, usually result in degraded electrical properties. In this work, we propose a concept to address this limitation, by introducing conjugated rigid fused-rings with optimized bulky side groups and maintaining a conjugated polymer backbone. Specifically, we investigated two classes of rigid fused-ring systems, namely, benzene-substituted dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (Ph-DBTTT) and indacenodithiophene (IDT) systems, and identified molecules displaying optimized electrical and mechanical properties. In the IDT system, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed promising electrical and mechanical properties. In fully stretchable transistors, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed a mobility of 0.27 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 75% strain and maintained its mobility after being subjected to hundreds of stretching-releasing cycles at 25% strain. Our results underscore the intimate correlation between chemical structures, mechanical properties, and charge carrier mobility for polymer semiconductors. Our described molecular design approach will help to expedite the next generation of intrinsically stretchable high-performance polymer semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Schuster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yusheng Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sangah Gam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Antiaromaticity-Aromaticity Interplay in Fused Benzenoid Systems Using Molecular Electrostatic Potential Topology. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5999-6012. [PMID: 34210140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antiaromaticity-aromaticity interplay in aromatic-antiaromatic (A-aA)-fused systems is studied using molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis, which clearly brings out the electron-rich π-regions of molecular systems. Benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are the aromatic units and cyclobutadiene and pentalene are the antiaromatic units considered to construct the A-aA-fused systems. The fused system is seen to reduce the antiaromaticity by adopting a configuration containing the least number of localized bonds over antiaromatic moieties. This is clearly observed in 25 isomers of a fused system composed of three naphthalene and two cyclobutadiene units. Denoting the number of π-bonds in the cyclobutadiene rings by the notation (n, n'), the systems belonging to the class (0, 0) and (2, 2) turn out to be the most and least stable configurations, respectively. The stability of the fused system depends on the empty π-character of the antiaromatic ring, hence naphthalene and benzene prefer to fuse with cyclobutadiene in a linear and angular fashion, respectively. Generally, a configuration with the maximum number of 'empty' rings (0, 0, 0, ...) is considered to be the most stable for the given A-aA system. The stability and aromatic/antiaromatic character of A-aA-fused systems with pentalene is also interpreted in a similar way. MESP topology, clearly bringing out the distribution of double bonds in the fused systems, leads to a simple interpretation of the aromatic/antiaromatic character of them. Also, it leads to powerful predictions on stable macrocyclic A-aA systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Significance of secondary forces toward improving the charge carrier mobility of Isoindigo based conjugated small molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
44
|
Islam K, Narjinari H, Kumar A. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bearing Polyethynyl Bridges: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and their Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadimul Islam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
- Center for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhong W, Liu F, Wang C. Probing morphology and chemistry in complex soft materials with in situresonant soft x-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:313001. [PMID: 34140434 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Small angle scattering methodologies have been evolving at fast pace over the past few decades due to the ever-increasing demands for more details on the complex nanostructures of multiphase and multicomponent soft materials like polymer assemblies and biomaterials. Currently, element-specific and contrast variation techniques such as resonant (elastic) soft/tender x-ray scattering, anomalous small angle x-ray scattering, and contrast-matching small angle neutron scattering, or combinations of above are routinely used to extract the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of constituent elements at multiple length scales and examine electronic ordering phenomena. Here we present some recent advances in selectively characterizing structural architectures of complex soft materials, which often contain multi-components with a wide range of length scales and multiple functionalities, where novel resonant scattering approaches have been demonstrated to decipher a higher level of structural complexity that correlates to functionality. With the advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence assisted correlative analysis, high-throughput and autonomous experiments would open a new paradigm of material research. Further development of resonant x-ray scattering instrumentation with crossplatform sample environments will enable multimodalin situ/operando characterization of the system dynamics with much improved spatial and temporal resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhong
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Madhu M, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Hariharan M. Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor-Acceptor Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8234-8284. [PMID: 34133137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D-A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D-A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D-A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Naqvi S, Yadav P, Pahari P, Patra A. Dodecyl-substituted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene): polymerization and its solution-processable applications for electrochromic and organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
48
|
Hu X, Schulz A, Lindner JO, Grüne M, Bialas D, Würthner F. Folding and fluorescence enhancement with strong odd-even effect for a series of merocyanine dye oligomers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8342-8352. [PMID: 34221315 PMCID: PMC8221066 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01678d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of merocyanine (MC) oligomers with a varying number of chromophores from two to six has been synthesized via a peptide synthesis strategy. Solvent-dependent UV/vis spectroscopic studies reveal folding processes for the MC oligomers driven by strong dipole–dipole interactions resulting in well-defined π-stacks with antiparallel orientation of the dyes. Whilst even-numbered tetramer 4 and hexamer 6 only show partial folding into dimeric units, odd-numbered trimer 3 and pentamer 5 fold into π-stacks of three and five MC units upon decreasing solvent polarity. In-depth 2D NMR studies provided insight into the supramolecular structure. For trimer 3, an NMR structure could be generated revealing the presence of a well-defined triple π-stack in the folded state. Concomitant with folding, the fluorescence quantum yield is increased for all MC oligomers in comparison to the single chromophore. Based on radiative and non-radiative decay rates, this fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to the rigidification of the chromophores within the π-stacks that affords a pronounced decrease of the non-radiative decay rates. Theoretical investigations for the double and triple dye stacks based on time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations indicate for trimer 3 a pronounced mixing of Frenkel and charge transfer (CT) states. This leads to significant deviations from the predictions obtained by the molecular exciton theory which only accounts for the Coulomb interaction between the transition dipole moments of the chromophores. A series of merocyanine (MC) oligomers with a varying number of chromophores from two to six has been synthesized via a peptide synthesis strategy.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Hu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Joachim O Lindner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Grüne
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Park SH, Kwon NY, Kim HJ, Cho E, Kang H, Harit AK, Woo HY, Yoon HJ, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed High-Performance Indoor Photovoltaics Made of New Conjugated Terpolymers with Optimized Monomer Compositions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13487-13498. [PMID: 33710873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated random terpolymers, PJ-25, PJ-50, and PJ-75 were successfully synthesized from three different monomers. Fluorine-substituted benzotriazole (2F-BTA) was incorporated into 4,8-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT-T-Cl) and a 1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-alkyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD)-based alternating copolymer PM7 as a third monomeric unit. The solubility of the random terpolymers in nonhalogenated solvents increased with the number of 2F-BTA units in PM7. The random terpolymers were mixed with 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-4F) to fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Among the three terpolymers and two related binary copolymers (e.g., PM7 and J52-Cl), outdoor photovoltaic (PV) cells (AM 1.5G) based on the PJ-50:IT-4F blend showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.34%. In addition, PJ-50 was employed as a donor in indoor PV (IPV) cells and was blended with nonfullerene acceptors, which have different absorption ranges. Among them, the PJ-50:IT-4F-based IPV device had the highest PCE of 17.41% with a Jsc of 54.75 μA cm-2 and an FF of 0.77 under 160 μW cm-2 light-emitting diode (LED) light. The terpolymer introduced in this study can be regarded as a promising material for the fabrication of outdoor PV and IPV cells with excellent performance involving the use of an eco-friendly solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bialas D, Kirchner E, Röhr MIS, Würthner F. Perspectives in Dye Chemistry: A Rational Approach toward Functional Materials by Understanding the Aggregate State. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4500-4518. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kirchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|