1
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Schmitt DL, Mehta S, Zhang J. Study of spatiotemporal regulation of kinase signaling using genetically encodable molecular tools. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102224. [PMID: 36347198 PMCID: PMC10031819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal organization and regulation of signal transduction networks are essential for cellular response to internal and external cues. To understand how this biochemical activity architecture impacts cellular function, many genetically encodable tools which regulate kinase activity at a subcellular level have been developed. In this review, we highlight various types of genetically encodable molecular tools, including tools to regulate endogenous kinase activity and biorthogonal techniques to perturb kinase activity. Finally, we emphasize the use of these tools alongside biosensors for kinase activity to measure and perturb kinase activity in real time for a better understanding of the cellular biochemical activity architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, USA.
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2
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Lepeta K, Roubinet C, Bauer M, Vigano MA, Aguilar G, Kanca O, Ochoa-Espinosa A, Bieli D, Cabernard C, Caussinus E, Affolter M. Engineered kinases as a tool for phosphorylation of selected targets in vivo. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213463. [PMID: 36102907 PMCID: PMC9477969 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation by kinases controls a plethora of processes essential for the proper development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. One main obstacle in studying the role of a defined kinase–substrate interaction is that kinases form complex signaling networks and most often phosphorylate multiple substrates involved in various cellular processes. In recent years, several new approaches have been developed to control the activity of a given kinase. However, most of them fail to regulate a single protein target, likely hiding the effect of a unique kinase–substrate interaction by pleiotropic effects. To overcome this limitation, we have created protein binder-based engineered kinases that permit a direct, robust, and tissue-specific phosphorylation of fluorescent fusion proteins in vivo. We show the detailed characterization of two engineered kinases based on Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and Src. Expression of synthetic kinases in the developing fly embryo resulted in phosphorylation of their respective GFP-fusion targets, providing for the first time a means to direct the phosphorylation to a chosen and tagged target in vivo. We presume that after careful optimization, the novel approach we describe here can be adapted to other kinases and targets in various eukaryotic genetic systems to regulate specific downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Roubinet
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK 2
| | - Milena Bauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 1
| | | | | | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 3
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3
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Fauser J, Huyot V, Matsche J, Szynal BN, Alexeev Y, Kota P, Karginov AV. Dissecting protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling by engineered chemogenetic control of its activity. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111066. [PMID: 35829702 PMCID: PMC9284425 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are critical mediators of dynamic cell signaling. A tool capable of identifying transient signaling events downstream of PTPases is essential to understand phosphatase function on a physiological time scale. We report a broadly applicable protein engineering method for allosteric regulation of PTPases. This method enables dissection of transient events and reconstruction of individual signaling pathways. Implementation of this approach for Shp2 phosphatase revealed parallel MAPK and ROCK II dependent pathways downstream of Shp2, mediating transient cell spreading and migration. Furthermore, we show that the N-SH2 domain of Shp2 regulates MAPK-independent, ROCK II-dependent cell migration. Engineered targeting of Shp2 activity to different protein complexes revealed that Shp2-FAK signaling induces cell spreading whereas Shp2-Gab1 or Shp2-Gab2 mediates cell migration. We identified specific transient morphodynamic processes induced by Shp2 and determined the role of individual signaling pathways downstream of Shp2 in regulating these events. Broad application of this approach is demonstrated by regulating PTP1B and PTP-PEST phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Barbara N. Szynal
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrei V. Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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4
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Engineered Allosteric Regulation of Protein Function. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167620. [PMID: 35513109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation of proteins has been utilized to study various aspects of cell signaling, from unicellular events to organism-wide phenotypes. However, traditional methods of allosteric regulation, such as constitutively active mutants and inhibitors, lack tight spatiotemporal control. This often leads to unintended signaling consequences that interfere with data interpretation. To overcome these obstacles, researchers employed protein engineering approaches that enable tight control of protein function through allosteric mechanisms. These methods provide high specificity as well as spatial and temporal precision in regulation of protein activity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements in engineered allosteric regulation and discuss the various bioengineered allosteric techniques available now, from chimeric GPCRs to chemogenetic and optogenetic switches. We highlight the benefits and pitfalls of each of these techniques as well as areas in which future improvements can be made. Additionally, we provide a brief discussion on implementation of engineered allosteric regulation approaches, demonstrating that these tools can shed light on elusive biological events and have the potential to be utilized in precision medicine.
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5
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Fauser J, Brennan M, Tsygankov D, Karginov AV. Methods for assessment of membrane protrusion dynamics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:205-234. [PMID: 34862027 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protrusions are a critical facet of cell function. Mediating fundamental processes such as cell migration, cell-cell interactions, phagocytosis, as well as assessment and remodeling of the cell environment. Different protrusion types and morphologies can promote different cellular functions and occur downstream of distinct signaling pathways. As such, techniques to quantify and understand the inner workings of protrusion dynamics are critical for a comprehensive understanding of cell biology. In this chapter, we describe approaches to analyze cellular protrusions and correlate physical changes in cell morphology with biochemical signaling processes. We address methods to quantify and characterize protrusion types and velocity, mathematical approaches to predictive models of cytoskeletal changes, and implementation of protein engineering and biosensor design to dissect cell signaling driving protrusive activity. Combining these approaches allows cell biologists to develop a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of membrane protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fauser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Martin Brennan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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6
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Liu B, Stone OJ, Pablo M, Herron JC, Nogueira AT, Dagliyan O, Grimm JB, Lavis LD, Elston TC, Hahn KM. Biosensors based on peptide exposure show single molecule conformations in live cells. Cell 2021; 184:5670-5685.e23. [PMID: 34637702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach to study the conformation of individual proteins during single particle tracking (SPT) in living cells. "Binder/tag" is based on incorporation of a 7-mer peptide (the tag) into a protein where its solvent exposure is controlled by protein conformation. Only upon exposure can the peptide specifically interact with a reporter protein (the binder). Thus, simple fluorescence localization reflects protein conformation. Through direct excitation of bright dyes, the trajectory and conformation of individual proteins can be followed. Simple protein engineering provides highly specific biosensors suitable for SPT and FRET. We describe tagSrc, tagFyn, tagSyk, tagFAK, and an orthogonal binder/tag pair. SPT showed slowly diffusing islands of activated Src within Src clusters and dynamics of activation in adhesions. Quantitative analysis and stochastic modeling revealed in vivo Src kinetics. The simplicity of binder/tag can provide access to diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orrin J Stone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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7
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Liu Q, Sheng Z, Cheng C, Zheng H, Lanuti M, Liu R, Wang P, Shen Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Propofol Promotes Tumor Metastasis in Lungs via GABA A R-Dependent TRIM21 Modulation of Src Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102079. [PMID: 34263559 PMCID: PMC8456212 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a key step in tumor metastasis, occurs during surgical tumor resection, often performed under general anesthesia. Propofol is the commonly used anesthetic, but its effects on CTCs and tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. Propofol effects are investigated in an experimental metastasis model by injecting tumor cells and, subsequently, low- or standard-dose propofol to nude mice through tail vein. Propofol- or vehicle-treated tumor cells are also injected to the mice. An in vitro tumor cell-vascular endothelial cell adhesion assay, immunofluorescence, and other methods are employed to assess how propofol affects tumor cell adhesion and extension. Propofol induces more lung tumor metastasis in mice than control. Mechanistically, propofol enhances tumor cell adhesion and extension through GABAA R to downregulate TRIM21 expression, leading to upregulation of Src, a protein associated with cell adhesion. These results demonstrate that propofol may promote tumor metastasis through GABAA R-TRIM21-Src mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Liu
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Sheng
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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8
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Kerjouan A, Boyault C, Oddou C, Hiriart-Bryant E, Grichine A, Kraut A, Pezet M, Balland M, Faurobert E, Bonnet I, Coute Y, Fourcade B, Albiges-Rizo C, Destaing O. Control of SRC molecular dynamics encodes distinct cytoskeletal responses by specifying signaling pathway usage. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237349. [PMID: 33495358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation by different transmembrane receptors, the same signaling protein can induce distinct cellular responses. A way to decipher the mechanisms of such pleiotropic signaling activity is to directly manipulate the decision-making activity that supports the selection between distinct cellular responses. We developed an optogenetic probe (optoSRC) to control SRC signaling, an example of a pleiotropic signaling node, and we demonstrated its ability to generate different acto-adhesive structures (lamellipodia or invadosomes) upon distinct spatio-temporal control of SRC kinase activity. The occurrence of each acto-adhesive structure was simply dictated by the dynamics of optoSRC nanoclusters in adhesive sites, which were dependent on the SH3 and Unique domains of the protein. The different decision-making events regulated by optoSRC dynamics induced distinct downstream signaling pathways, which we characterized using time-resolved proteomic and network analyses. Collectively, by manipulating the molecular mobility of SRC kinase activity, these experiments reveal the pleiotropy-encoding mechanism of SRC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Kerjouan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Edwige Hiriart-Bryant
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | | | - Mylène Pezet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, UMR 168, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Coute
- Laboratoire EDYP, BIG-BGE, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Fourcade
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
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9
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Shaaya M, Fauser J, Karginov AV. Optogenetics: The Art of Illuminating Complex Signaling Pathways. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:52-60. [PMID: 33325819 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissection of cell signaling requires tools that can mimic spatiotemporal dynamics of individual pathways in living cells. Optogenetic methods enable manipulation of signaling processes with precise timing and local control. In this review, we describe recent optogenetic approaches for regulation of cell signaling, highlight their advantages and limitations, and discuss examples of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jordan Fauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Shaaya M, Fauser J, Zhurikhina A, Conage-Pough JE, Huyot V, Brennan M, Flower CT, Matsche J, Khan S, Natarajan V, Rehman J, Kota P, White FM, Tsygankov D, Karginov AV. Light-regulated allosteric switch enables temporal and subcellular control of enzyme activity. eLife 2020; 9:e60647. [PMID: 32965214 PMCID: PMC7577742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered allosteric regulation of protein activity provides significant advantages for the development of robust and broadly applicable tools. However, the application of allosteric switches in optogenetics has been scarce and suffers from critical limitations. Here, we report an optogenetic approach that utilizes an engineered Light-Regulated (LightR) allosteric switch module to achieve tight spatiotemporal control of enzymatic activity. Using the tyrosine kinase Src as a model, we demonstrate efficient regulation of the kinase and identify temporally distinct signaling responses ranging from seconds to minutes. LightR-Src off-kinetics can be tuned by modulating the LightR photoconversion cycle. A fast cycling variant enables the stimulation of transient pulses and local regulation of activity in a selected region of a cell. The design of the LightR module ensures broad applicability of the tool, as we demonstrate by achieving light-mediated regulation of Abl and bRaf kinases as well as Cre recombinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Jordan Fauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Anastasia Zhurikhina
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jason E Conage-Pough
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Martin Brennan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Cameron T Flower
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Forest M White
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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11
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Advances in defining signaling networks for the establishment of neuronal polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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McGowan SE, Lansakara TI, McCoy DM, Zhu L, Tivanski AV. Platelet-derived Growth Factor-α and Neuropilin-1 Mediate Lung Fibroblast Response to Rigid Collagen Fibers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:454-465. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0173oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
| | | | - Diann M. McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
| | - Lien Zhu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
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13
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Collins KB, Kang H, Matsche J, Klomp JE, Rehman J, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Septin2 mediates podosome maturation and endothelial cell invasion associated with angiogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201903023. [PMID: 31865373 PMCID: PMC7041690 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are compartmentalized actin-rich adhesions, defined by their ability to locally secrete proteases and remodel extracellular matrix. Matrix remodeling by endothelial podosomes facilitates invasion and thereby vessel formation. However, the mechanisms underlying endothelial podosome formation and function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Septin2, Septin6, and Septin7 are required for maturation of nascent endothelial podosomes into matrix-degrading organelles. We show that podosome development occurs through initial mobilization of the scaffolding protein Tks5 and F-actin accumulation, followed by later recruitment of Septin2. Septin2 localizes around the perimeter of podosomes in close proximity to the basolateral plasma membrane, and phosphoinositide-binding residues of Septin2 are required for podosome function. Combined, our results suggest that the septin cytoskeleton forms a diffusive barrier around nascent podosomes to promote their maturation. Finally, we show that Septin2-mediated regulation of podosomes is critical for endothelial cell invasion associated with angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting of Septin2-mediated podosome formation is a potentially attractive anti-angiogenesis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrei V. Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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14
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Chepied A, Daoud-Omar Z, Meunier-Balandre AC, Laird DW, Mesnil M, Defamie N. Involvement of the Gap Junction Protein, Connexin43, in the Formation and Function of Invadopodia in the Human U251 Glioblastoma Cell Line. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010117. [PMID: 31947771 PMCID: PMC7017254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of glioblastomas to treatments is mainly the consequence of their invasive capacities. Therefore, in order to better treat these tumors, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms which are responsible for this behavior. Previous work suggested that gap junction proteins, the connexins, facilitate the aggressive nature of glioma cells. Here, we show that one of them—connexin43 (Cx43)—is implicated in the formation and function of invadopodia responsible for invasion capacity of U251 human glioblastoma cells. Immunofluorescent approaches—combined with confocal analyses—revealed that Cx43 was detected in all the formation stages of invadopodia exhibiting proteolytic activity. Clearly, Cx43 appeared to be localized in invadopodia at low cell density and less associated with the establishment of gap junctions. Accordingly, lower extracellular matrix degradation correlated with less mature invadopodia and MMP2 activity when Cx43 expression was decreased by shRNA strategies. Moreover, the kinetics of invadopodia formation could be dependent on Cx43 dynamic interactions with partners including Src and cortactin. Interestingly, it also appeared that invadopodia formation and MMP2 activity are dependent on Cx43 hemichannel activity. In conclusion, these results reveal that Cx43 might be involved in the formation and function of the invadopodia of U251 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Chepied
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zeinaba Daoud-Omar
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie-Claire Meunier-Balandre
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dale W. Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Marc Mesnil
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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McCormick JW, Pincus D, Resnekov O, Reynolds KA. Strategies for Engineering and Rewiring Kinase Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:259-271. [PMID: 31866305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs) catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group onto another protein in response to appropriate regulatory cues. In doing so, they provide a primary means for cellular information transfer. Consequently, EPKs play crucial roles in cell differentiation and cell-cycle progression, and kinase dysregulation is associated with numerous disease phenotypes including cancer. Nonnative cues for synthetically regulating kinases are thus much sought after, both for dissecting cell signaling pathways and for pharmaceutical development. In recent years advances in protein engineering and sequence analysis have led to new approaches for manipulating kinase activity, localization, and in some instances specificity. These tools have revealed fundamental principles of intracellular signaling and suggest paths forward for the design of therapeutic allosteric kinase regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W McCormick
- The Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A Reynolds
- The Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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16
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Azoitei ML, Noh J, Marston DJ, Roudot P, Marshall CB, Daugird TA, Lisanza SL, Sandí MJ, Ikura M, Sondek J, Rottapel R, Hahn KM, Danuser G. Spatiotemporal dynamics of GEF-H1 activation controlled by microtubule- and Src-mediated pathways. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3077-3097. [PMID: 31420453 PMCID: PMC6719461 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are activated with precise spatiotemporal control by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Guanine exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), a RhoA activator, is thought to act as an integrator of microtubule (MT) and actin dynamics in diverse cell functions. Here we identify a GEF-H1 autoinhibitory sequence and exploit it to produce an activation biosensor to quantitatively probe the relationship between GEF-H1 conformational change, RhoA activity, and edge motion in migrating cells with micrometer- and second-scale resolution. Simultaneous imaging of MT dynamics and GEF-H1 activity revealed that autoinhibited GEF-H1 is localized to MTs, while MT depolymerization subadjacent to the cell cortex promotes GEF-H1 activation in an ~5-µm-wide peripheral band. GEF-H1 is further regulated by Src phosphorylation, activating GEF-H1 in a narrower band ~0-2 µm from the cell edge, in coordination with cell protrusions. This indicates a synergistic intersection between MT dynamics and Src signaling in RhoA activation through GEF-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai L Azoitei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Philippe Roudot
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Timothy A Daugird
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sidney L Lisanza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - María-José Sandí
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitsu Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Sondek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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17
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Dagliyan O, Dokholyan NV, Hahn KM. Engineering proteins for allosteric control by light or ligands. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1863-1883. [PMID: 31076662 PMCID: PMC6648709 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of protein activity in living cells can reveal the role of spatiotemporal dynamics in signaling circuits. Protein analogs with engineered allosteric responses can be particularly effective in the interrogation of protein signaling, as they can replace endogenous proteins with minimal perturbation of native interactions. However, it has been a challenge to identify allosteric sites in target proteins where insertion of responsive domains produces an allosteric response comparable to the activity of native proteins. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to generate genetically encoded analogs of proteins that can be allosterically controlled by either rapamycin or blue light, as well as experimental procedures to produce and test these analogs in vitro and in mammalian cell lines. We describe computational methods, based on crystal structures or homology models, to identify effective sites for insertion of either an engineered rapamycin-responsive (uniRapR) domain or the light-responsive light-oxygen-voltage 2 (LOV2) domain. The inserted domains allosterically regulate the active site, responding to rapamycin with irreversible activation, or to light with reversible inactivation at higher spatial and temporal resolution. These strategies have been successfully applied to catalytic domains of protein kinases, Rho family GTPases, and guanine exchange factors (GEFs), as well as the binding domain of a GEF Vav2. Computational tasks can be completed within a few hours, followed by 1-2 weeks of experimental validation. We provide protocols for computational design, cloning, and experimental testing of the engineered proteins, using Src tyrosine kinase, GEF Vav2, and Rho GTPase Rac1 as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Klomp JE, Shaaya M, Matsche J, Rebiai R, Aaron JS, Collins KB, Huyot V, Gonzalez AM, Muller WA, Chew TL, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Time-Variant SRC Kinase Activation Determines Endothelial Permeability Response. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1081-1094.e6. [PMID: 31130521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current model of endothelial barrier regulation, the tyrosine kinase SRC is purported to induce disassembly of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) via phosphorylation of VE cadherin, and thereby increase junctional permeability. Here, using a chemical biology approach to temporally control SRC activation, we show that SRC exerts distinct time-variant effects on the endothelial barrier. We discovered that the immediate effect of SRC activation was to transiently enhance endothelial barrier function as the result of accumulation of VE cadherin at AJs and formation of morphologically distinct reticular AJs. Endothelial barrier enhancement via SRC required phosphorylation of VE cadherin at Y731. In contrast, prolonged SRC activation induced VE cadherin phosphorylation at Y685, resulting in increased endothelial permeability. Thus, time-variant SRC activation differentially phosphorylates VE cadherin and shapes AJs to fine-tune endothelial barrier function. Our work demonstrates important advantages of synthetic biology tools in dissecting complex signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rima Rebiai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annette M Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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19
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Dagliyan O, Hahn KM. Controlling protein conformation with light. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 57:17-22. [PMID: 30849716 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics, genetically encoded engineering of proteins to respond to light, has enabled precise control of the timing and localization of protein activity in live cells and for specific cell types in animals. Light-sensitive ion channels have become well established tools in neurobiology, and a host of new methods have recently enabled the control of other diverse protein structures as well. This review focuses on approaches to switch proteins between physiologically relevant, naturally occurring conformations using light, accomplished by incorporating light-responsive engineered domains that sterically and allosterically control the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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20
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Fu P, Shaaya M, Harijith A, Jacobson JR, Karginov A, Natarajan V. Sphingolipids Signaling in Lamellipodia Formation and Enhancement of Endothelial Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:1-31. [PMID: 30360778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, first described in the brain in 1884, are important structural components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells. In recent years, several lines of evidence support the critical role of sphingolipids such as sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide as anti- or pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid mediators in a variety of human pathologies including pulmonary and vascular disorders. Among the sphingolipids, S1P is a naturally occurring agonist that exhibits potent barrier enhancing property in the endothelium by signaling via G protein-coupled S1P1 receptor. S1P, S1P analogs, and other barrier enhancing agents such as HGF, oxidized phospholipids, and statins also utilize the S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway to generate membrane protrusions or lamellipodia, which have been implicated in resealing of endothelial gaps and maintenance of barrier integrity. A better understanding of sphingolipids mediated regulation of lamellipodia formation and barrier enhancement of the endothelium will be critical for the development of sphingolipid-based therapies to alleviate pulmonary disorders such as sepsis-, radiation-, and mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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21
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Zhurikhina A, Qi T, Hahn KM, Elston TC, Tsygankov D. EdgeProps: A Computational Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Dynamics and Near-Edge Protein Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1821:47-56. [PMID: 30062404 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8612-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing molecular tools to visualize and control Rho GTPase signaling in living cells has been instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms of cytoskeletal reorganization and causal relationships between activation events in cell function. An indispensable part of such studies is the quantitative characterization of the spatiotemporal GTPase activity. Here we present a computational pipeline, EdgeProps, designed for comparative/correlative analysis of cell dynamics (edge velocity) and near-edge protein activity (intensity of a fluorescent signal). The tool offers a user-friendly interface with three functional modules for processing, visualization, and statistical characterization of single-cell imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zhurikhina
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Tacrolimus downregulates inflammation by regulating pro‑/anti‑inflammatory responses in LPS‑induced keratitis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5855-5862. [PMID: 28849181 PMCID: PMC5865761 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced keratitis is a progressive infectious ocular disease in which innate inflammatory responses often cause clinical tissue damage and vision loss. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of tacrolimus, an effective immunomodulator, on LPS-induced innate immune responses. The effects of tacrolimus on the apoptotic rate and viability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes (THP-1 cells) were examined using flow cytometry and MTT assays. Subsequently, the role of tacrolimus on LPS-induced inflammation in HCECs, PMNs and THP-1 cells was evaluated by detecting the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and matrix metallopeptidase 9; anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β; and proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that tacrolimus had good biocompatibility with HCECs, while promoting apoptosis and decreasing the viability of PMNs and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, tacrolimus effectively reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced keratitis in vitro. Notably, tacrolimus decreased the levels of proangiogenic factors, which are highly increased following LPS stimulation. Conclusively, tacrolimus appears to be a safe and effective treatment to suppress neutrophil and monocyte activity, modulate the balance of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce the inflammatory response and angiogenic activity in LPS-induced bacterial keratitis.
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23
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-1 regulate mechano-responsiveness of lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1174-L1187. [PMID: 28775097 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, which only signals through PDGF-receptor-α (PDGFR-α), is required for secondary alveolar septal formation. Although PDGFR-α distinguishes mesenchymal progenitor cells during the saccular stage, PDGFR-α-expressing alveolar cells persist through adulthood. PDGF-A sustains proliferation, limits apoptosis, and maintains α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-containing alveolar cells, which congregate at the alveolar entry ring at postnatal day (P)12. PDGFR-α-expressing, α-SMA-containing alveolar cells redistribute in the elongating septum, suggesting that they migrate to the alveolar entry rings, where mechanical tension is higher. We hypothesized that PDGFR-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) are required for mechanosensitive myofibroblast migration. Spreading of PDGFR-α-deficient lung fibroblasts was insensitive to increased rigidity, and their migration was not reduced by Rac1-guanine exchange factor (GEF)-inhibition. PDGFR-α-expressing fibroblasts migrated toward stiffer regions within two-dimensional substrates by increasing migrational persistence (durotaxis). Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for Rac1-GTP, we observed that PDGFR-α was required for fibroblast Rac1 responsiveness to stiffness within a three-dimensional collagen substrate, which by itself increased Rac1-FRET. Rho-GTPase stabilized, whereas Rac1-GTPase increased the turnover of focal adhesions. Under conditions that increased Rac1-GTP, PDGFR-α signaled through both phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PIK) or Src to engage the Rac1 GEF dedicator of cytokinesis-1 (Dock180) and p21-activated-kinase interacting exchange factor-β (βPIX). In cooperation with collagen fibers, these signaling pathways may guide fibroblasts toward the more rigid alveolar entry ring during secondary septation. Because emphysema and interstitial fibrosis disrupt the parenchymal mechanical continuum, understanding how mechanical factors regulate fibroblast migration could elicit strategies for alveolar repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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24
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Dagliyan O, Karginov AV, Yagishita S, Gale ME, Wang H, DerMardirossian C, Wells CM, Dokholyan NV, Kasai H, Hahn KM. Engineering Pak1 Allosteric Switches. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1257-1262. [PMID: 28365983 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are important regulators of cell motility and morphology. It has been challenging to interrogate their functions because cells adapt to genetic manipulation of PAK, and because inhibitors act on multiple PAK isoforms. Here we describe genetically encoded PAK1 analogues that can be selectively activated by the membrane-permeable small molecule rapamycin. An engineered domain inserted away from the active site responds to rapamycin to allosterically control activity of the PAK1 isoform. To examine the mechanism of rapamycin-induced PAK1 activation, we used molecular dynamics with graph theory to predict amino acids involved in allosteric communication with the active site. This analysis revealed allosteric pathways that were exploited to generate kinase switches. Activation of PAK1 resulted in transient cell spreading in metastatic breast cancer cells, and long-term dendritic spine enlargement in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei V. Karginov
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Center
for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunko-ku,
Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Madeline E. Gale
- Division
of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, U.K
| | | | - Celine DerMardirossian
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Claire M. Wells
- Division
of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, U.K
| | | | - Haruo Kasai
- Center
for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunko-ku,
Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Dwyer AR, Greenland EL, Pixley FJ. Promotion of Tumor Invasion by Tumor-Associated Macrophages: The Role of CSF-1-Activated Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase and Src Family Kinase Motility Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E68. [PMID: 28629162 PMCID: PMC5483887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages interact with cells in every organ to facilitate tissue development, function and repair. However, the close interaction between macrophages and parenchymal cells can be subverted in disease, particularly cancer. Motility is an essential capacity for macrophages to be able to carry out their various roles. In cancers, the macrophage's interstitial migratory ability is frequently co-opted by tumor cells to enable escape from the primary tumor and metastatic spread. Macrophage accumulation within and movement through a tumor is often stimulated by tumor cell production of the mononuclear phagocytic growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). CSF-1 also regulates macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation, and its many effects are transduced by its receptor, the CSF-1R, via phosphotyrosine motif-activated signals. Mutational analysis of CSF-1R signaling indicates that the major mediators of CSF-1-induced motility are phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and one or more Src family kinase (SFK), which activate signals to adhesion, actin polymerization, polarization and, ultimately, migration and invasion in macrophages. The macrophage transcriptome, including that of the motility machinery, is very complex and highly responsive to the environment, with selective expression of proteins and splice variants rarely found in other cell types. Thus, their unique motility machinery can be specifically targeted to block macrophage migration, and thereby, inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Dwyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Eloise L Greenland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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26
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Abstract
Physiological stimuli activate protein kinases for finite periods of time, which is critical for specific biological outcomes. Mimicking this transient biological activity of kinases is challenging due to the limitations of existing methods. Here, we report a strategy enabling transient kinase activation in living cells. Using two protein-engineering approaches, we achieve independent control of kinase activation and inactivation. We show successful regulation of tyrosine kinase c-Src (Src) and Ser/Thr kinase p38α (p38), demonstrating broad applicability of the method. By activating Src for finite periods of time, we reveal how the duration of kinase activation affects secondary morphological changes that follow transient Src activation. This approach highlights distinct roles for sequential Src-Rac1- and Src-PI3K-signaling pathways at different stages during transient Src activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this method enables transient activation of Src and p38 in a specific signaling complex, providing a tool for targeted regulation of individual signaling pathways.
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27
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Buvall L, Wallentin H, Sieber J, Andreeva S, Choi HY, Mundel P, Greka A. Synaptopodin Is a Coincidence Detector of Tyrosine versus Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation for the Modulation of Rho Protein Crosstalk in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:837-851. [PMID: 27628902 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine and serine/threonine signal-transduction pathways influence many aspects of cell behavior, including the spatial and temporal regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. However, little is known about how input from diverse tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases is integrated to control Rho protein crosstalk and actin remodeling, which are critically important in podocyte health and disease. Here we unveil the proteolytically-regulated, actin organizing protein synaptopodin as a coincidence detector of tyrosine versus serine/threonine phosphorylation. We show that serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases duel for synaptopodin stability versus degradation. EGFR/Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of synaptopodin in podocytes promotes binding to the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. This leads to the loss of 14-3-3 binding, resulting in synaptopodin degradation, Vav2 activation, enhanced Rac1 signaling, and ultimate loss of stress fibers. Our studies reveal how synaptopodin, a single proteolytically-controlled protein, integrates antagonistic tyrosine versus serine/threonine phosphorylation events for the dynamic control of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buvall
- Departments of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and
| | - Hanna Wallentin
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Svetlana Andreeva
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hoon Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peter Mundel
- and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; .,Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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28
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Lee SY, Lee H, Lee HK, Lee SW, Ha SC, Kwon T, Seo JK, Lee C, Rhee HW. Proximity-Directed Labeling Reveals a New Rapamycin-Induced Heterodimer of FKBP25 and FRB in Live Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:506-16. [PMID: 27610411 PMCID: PMC4999972 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a core pathway in cellular metabolism, and control of the mTOR pathway by rapamycin shows potential for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In this study, we employed a new proximity biotin-labeling method using promiscuous biotin ligase (pBirA) to identify unknown elements in the rapamycin-induced interactome on the FK506-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain in living cells. FKBP25 showed the strongest biotin labeling by FRB-pBirA in the presence of rapamycin. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that endogenous FKBP25 has a rapamycin-induced physical interaction with the FRB domain. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the ternary complex of FRB-rapamycin-FKBP25 was determined at 1.67-Å resolution. In this crystal structure we found that the conformational changes of FRB generate a hole where there is a methionine-rich space, and covalent metalloid coordination was observed at C2085 of FRB located at the bottom of the hole. Our results imply that FKBP25 might have a unique physiological role related to metallomics in mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hakbong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Ha
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University
of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Changwook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological
Sciences, UNIST Central Research Facilities
(UCRF), and Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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29
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Bonazza C, Andrade SS, Sumikawa JT, Batista FP, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Girão MJBC, Oliva MLV, Castro RA. Primary Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cell Culture Quality Control: Some Properties of Myometrial Cells Cultured under Serum Deprivation Conditions in the Presence of Ovarian Steroids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158578. [PMID: 27391384 PMCID: PMC4938619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is considered the standard media used in research to emulate the in vivo cell environment. Crucial in vivo experiments cannot be conducted in humans and depend on in vitro methodologies such as cell culture systems. However, some procedures involving the quality control of cells in culture have been gradually neglected by failing to acknowledge that primary cells and cell lines change over time in culture. Thus, we report methods based on our experience for monitoring primary cell culture of human myometrial cells derived from uterine leiomyoma. We standardized the best procedure of tissue dissociation required for the study of multiple genetic marker systems that include species-specific antigens, expression of myofibroblast or myoblast markers, growth curve, serum deprivation, starvation by cell cycle synchronization, culture on collagen coated plates, and 17 β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) effects. The results showed that primary myometrial cells from patients with uterine leiomyoma displayed myoblast phenotypes before and after in vitro cultivation, and leiomyoma cells differentiated into mature myocyte cells under the appropriate differentiation-inducing conditions (serum deprivation). These cells grew well on collagen coated plates and responded to E2 and P4, which may drive myometrial and leiomyoma cells to proliferate and adhere into a focal adhesion complex involvement in a paracrine manner. The establishment of these techniques as routine procedures will improve the understanding of the myometrial physiology and pathogenesis of myometrium-derived diseases such as leiomyoma. Mimicking the in vivo environment of fibrotic conditions can prevent false results and enhance results that are based on cell culture integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bonazza
- Department of Gynecology of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Tomomi Sumikawa
- Department of Gynecology of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manoel J. B. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V. Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino Castro
- Department of Gynecology of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Li J, Chen PR. Development and application of bond cleavage reactions in bioorthogonal chemistry. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:129-37. [PMID: 26881764 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemical reactions are a thriving area of chemical research in recent years as an unprecedented technique to dissect native biological processes through chemistry-enabled strategies. However, current concepts of bioorthogonal chemistry have largely centered on 'bond formation' reactions between two mutually reactive bioorthogonal handles. Recently, in a reverse strategy, a collection of 'bond cleavage' reactions has emerged with excellent biocompatibility. These reactions have expanded our bioorthogonal chemistry repertoire, enabling an array of exciting new biological applications that range from the chemically controlled spatial and temporal activation of intracellular proteins and small-molecule drugs to the direct manipulation of intact cells under physiological conditions. Here we highlight the development and applications of these bioorthogonal cleavage reactions. Furthermore, we lay out challenges and propose future directions along this appealing avenue of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Hughes JH, Kumar S. Synthetic mechanobiology: engineering cellular force generation and signaling. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:82-89. [PMID: 27023733 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology seeks to understand and control mechanical and related biophysical communication between cells and their surroundings. While experimental efforts in this field have traditionally emphasized manipulation of the extracellular force environment, a new suite of approaches has recently emerged in which cell phenotype and signaling are controlled by directly engineering the cell itself. One route is to control cell behavior by modulating gene expression using conditional promoters. Alternatively, protein activity can be actuated directly using synthetic protein ligands, chemically induced protein dimerization, optogenetic strategies, or functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Proof-of-principle studies are already demonstrating the translational potential of these approaches, and future technological development will permit increasingly precise control over cell mechanobiology and improve our understanding of the underlying signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hannah Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, United States; UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, United States
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, United States.
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32
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Dwyer AR, Mouchemore KA, Steer JH, Sunderland AJ, Sampaio NG, Greenland EL, Joyce DA, Pixley FJ. Src family kinase expression and subcellular localization in macrophages: implications for their role in CSF-1-induced macrophage migration. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:163-75. [PMID: 26747837 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0815-344rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major role of colony-stimulating factor-1 is to stimulate the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic lineage cells into adherent, motile, mature macrophages. The colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor transduces colony-stimulating factor-1 signaling, and we have shown previously that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110δ is a critical mediator of colony-stimulating factor-1-stimulated motility through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor pY721 motif. Src family kinases are also implicated in the regulation of macrophage motility and in colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling, although functional redundancy of the multiple SFKs expressed in macrophages makes it challenging to delineate their specific functions. We report a comprehensive analysis of individual Src family kinase expression in macrophage cell lines and primary macrophages and demonstrate colony-stimulating factor-1-induced changes in Src family kinase subcellular localization, which provides clues to their distinct and redundant functions in macrophages. Moreover, expression of individual Src family kinases is both species specific and dependent on colony-stimulating factor-1-induced macrophage differentiation. Hck associated with the activated colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, whereas Lyn associated with the receptor in a constitutive manner. Consistent with this, inhibitor studies revealed that Src family kinases were important for both colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor activation and colony-stimulating factor-1-induced macrophage spreading, motility, and invasion. Distinct colony-stimulating factor-1-induced changes in the subcellular localization of individual SFKs suggest specific roles for these Src family kinases in the macrophage response to colony-stimulating factor-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Dwyer
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kellie A Mouchemore
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James H Steer
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sunderland
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalia G Sampaio
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eloise L Greenland
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Joyce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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33
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Chemically induced dimerization: reversible and spatiotemporal control of protein function in cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 28:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Makhlynets OV, Raymond EA, Korendovych IV. Design of allosterically regulated protein catalysts. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1444-56. [PMID: 25642601 DOI: 10.1021/bi5015248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activity of allosteric protein catalysts is regulated by an external stimulus, such as protein or small molecule binding, light activation, pH change, etc., at a location away from the active site of the enzyme. Since its original introduction in 1961, the concept of allosteric regulation has undergone substantial expansion, and many, if not most, enzymes have been shown to possess some degree of allosteric regulation. The ability to create new catalysts that can be turned on and off using allosteric interactions would greatly expand the chemical biology toolbox and will allow for detection of environmental pollutants and disease biomarkers and facilitate studies of cellular processes and metal homeostasis. Thus, design of allosterically regulated protein catalysts represents an actively growing area of research. In this paper, we describe various approaches to achieving regulation of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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35
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Stein V, Alexandrov K. Synthetic protein switches: design principles and applications. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Wan Q, Xu W, Yan JL, Yokota H, Na S. Distinctive subcellular inhibition of cytokine-induced SRC by salubrinal and fluid flow. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105699. [PMID: 25157407 PMCID: PMC4144888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-receptor protein kinase Src plays a crucial role in fundamental cell functions such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. While inhibition of Src is reported to contribute to chondrocyte homeostasis, its regulation at a subcellular level by chemical inhibitors and mechanical stimulation has not been fully understood. In response to inflammatory cytokines and stress to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that increase proteolytic activities in chondrocytes, we addressed two questions: Do cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induce location-dependent Src activation? Can cytokine-induced Src activation be suppressed by chemically alleviating ER stress or by applying fluid flow? Using live cell imaging with two Src biosensors (i.e., cytosolic, and plasma membrane-bound biosensors) for a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique, we determined cytosolic Src activity as well as membrane-bound Src activity in C28/I2 human chondrocytes. In response to TNFα and IL1β, both cytosolic and plasma membrane-bound Src proteins were activated, but activation in the cytosol occurred earlier than that in the plasma membrane. Treatment with salubrinal or guanabenz, two chemical agents that attenuate ER stress, significantly decreased cytokine-induced Src activities in the cytosol, but not in the plasma membrane. In contrast, fluid flow reduced Src activities in the plasma membrane, but not in the cytosol. Collectively, the results demonstrate that Src activity is differentially regulated by salubrinal/guanabenz and fluid flow in the cytosol and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wenxiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-long Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Engineered kinase activation reveals unique morphodynamic phenotypes and associated trafficking for Src family isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12420-5. [PMID: 25118278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404487111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src kinase family comprises nine homologous members whose distinct expression patterns and cellular distributions indicate that they have unique roles. These roles have not been determined because genetic manipulation has not produced clearly distinct phenotypes, and the kinases' homology complicates generation of specific inhibitors. Through insertion of a modified FK506 binding protein (insertable FKBP12, iFKBP) into the protein kinase isoforms Fyn, Src, Lyn, and Yes, we engineered kinase analogs that can be activated within minutes in living cells (RapR analogs). Combining our RapR analogs with computational tools for quantifying and characterizing cellular dynamics, we demonstrate that Src family isoforms produce very different phenotypes, encompassing cell spreading, polarized motility, and production of long, thin cell extensions. Activation of Src and Fyn led to patterns of kinase translocation that correlated with morphological changes in temporally distinct stages. Phenotypes were dependent on N-terminal acylation, not on Src homology 3 (SH3) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, and correlated with movement between a perinuclear compartment, adhesions, and the plasma membrane.
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38
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Erratum: Corrigendum: Dissecting motility signaling through activation of specific Src-effector complexes. Nat Chem Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio0814-692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Nikonova AS, Gaponova AV, Kudinov AE, Golemis EA. CAS proteins in health and disease: an update. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:387-95. [PMID: 24962474 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The CAS family of scaffolding proteins has increasingly attracted scrutiny as important for regulation of cancer-associated signaling. BCAR1 (also known as p130Cas), NEDD9 (HEF1, Cas-L), EFS (Sin), and CASS4 (HEPL) are regulated by and mediate cell attachment, growth factor, and chemokine signaling. Altered expression and activity of CAS proteins are now known to promote metastasis and drug resistance in cancer, influence normal development, and contribute to the pathogenesis of heart and pulmonary disease. In this article, we provide an update on recently published studies describing signals regulating and regulated by CAS proteins, and evidence for biological activity of CAS proteins in normal development, cancer, and other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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