1
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Umapathi P, Aggarwal A, Zahra F, Narayanan B, Zachara NE. The multifaceted role of intracellular glycosylation in cytoprotection and heart disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107296. [PMID: 38641064 PMCID: PMC11126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential posttranslational modification that is common in metozoans. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off proteins in response to environmental and physiological stimuli impacting protein function, which, in turn, tunes pathways that include transcription, translation, proteostasis, signal transduction, and metabolism. One class of stimulus that induces rapid and dynamic changes to O-GlcNAc is cellular injury, resulting from environmental stress (for instance, heat shock), hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury (heart attack, stroke, trauma hemorrhage), and sepsis. Acute elevation of O-GlcNAc before or after injury reduces apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that injury-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate cell fate decisions. However, prolonged elevation or reduction in O-GlcNAc leads to a maladaptive response and is associated with pathologies such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we discuss the impact of O-GlcNAc in both acute and prolonged models of injury with a focus on the heart and biological mechanisms that underpin cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiddia Zahra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Potter SC, Gibbs BE, Hammel FA, Joiner CM, Paulo JA, Janetzko J, Levine ZG, Fei GQ, Haggarty SJ, Walker S. Dissecting OGT's TPR domain to identify determinants of cellular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401729121. [PMID: 38768345 PMCID: PMC11145291 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401729121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that glycosylates myriad intracellular proteins and cleaves the transcriptional coregulator Host Cell Factor 1 to regulate cell cycle processes. Via these catalytic activities as well as noncatalytic protein-protein interactions, OGT maintains cell homeostasis. OGT's tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain is important in substrate recognition, but there is little information on how changing the TPR domain impacts its cellular functions. Here, we investigate how altering OGT's TPR domain impacts cell growth after the endogenous enzyme is deleted. We find that disrupting the TPR residues required for OGT dimerization leads to faster cell growth, whereas truncating the TPR domain slows cell growth. We also find that OGT requires eight of its 13 TPRs to sustain cell viability. OGT-8, like the nonviable shorter OGT variants, is mislocalized and has reduced Ser/Thr glycosylation activity; moreover, its interactions with most of wild-type OGT's binding partners are broadly attenuated. Therefore, although OGT's five N-terminal TPRs are not essential for cell viability, they are required for proper subcellular localization and for mediating many of OGT's protein-protein interactions. Because the viable OGT truncation variant we have identified preserves OGT's essential functions, it may facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Potter
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Bettine E. Gibbs
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Forrest A. Hammel
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cassandra M. Joiner
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - John Janetzko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Zebulon G. Levine
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - George Q. Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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3
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Tian J, Dong X, Wu T, Wen P, Liu X, Zhang M, An X, Shi D. Revealing the conformational dynamics of UDP-GlcNAc recognition by O-GlcNAc transferase via Markov state model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128405. [PMID: 38016609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification and closely linked to various physiological and pathological conditions. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) functions as the only glycosyltransferase of O-GlcNAc glycosylation by transferring GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues on protein substrates. The interaction mode of UDP-GlcNAc against OGT has been preliminarily revealed by the crystal structures, yet an atomic-level comprehension for the conformational dynamics of the recognition process remains elusive. Here, we construct the Markov state model based on extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an aggregated simulation time of ∼9 μs, and reveal that the UDP-GlcNAc recognition process by OGT encompasses four key metastable states, occurring within an estimated timescale of ∼10 μs. During UDP-GlcNAc recognition process, we find the pyrophosphate moiety (P2O52-) initially anchors to the active pocket via salt bridge and hydrogen bonds, facilitating subsequent binding of the uridine and GlcNAc moieties. Furthermore, the functional roles of K842 involved in the salt bridge with P2O52- were evaluated through extra mutant MD simulations. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the UDP-GlcNAc recognition mechanism by OGT, which could further aid in mechanistic studies of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and drug development targeting on OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tian
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianshuo Wu
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Xueyuan Street 180, Huixing Road, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Mitchell CW, Galan Bartual S, Ferenbach AT, Scavenius C, van Aalten DMF. Exploiting O-GlcNAc transferase promiscuity to dissect site-specific O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1172-1181. [PMID: 37856504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is an evolutionary conserved post-translational modification catalysed by the nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). How site-specific O-GlcNAcylation modulates a diverse range of cellular processes is largely unknown. A limiting factor in studying this is the lack of accessible techniques capable of producing homogeneously O-GlcNAcylated proteins, in high yield, for in vitro studies. Here, we exploit the tolerance of OGT for cysteine instead of serine, combined with a co-expressed OGA to achieve site-specific, highly homogeneous mono-glycosylation. Applying this to DDX3X, TAB1, and CK2α, we demonstrate that near-homogeneous mono-S-GlcNAcylation of these proteins promotes DDX3X and CK2α solubility and enables production of mono-S-GlcNAcylated TAB1 crystals, albeit with limited diffraction. Taken together, this work provides a new approach for functional dissection of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor W Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Galan Bartual
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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5
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Moon S, Wang B, Ahn BS, Ryu AH, Hard ER, Javed A, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc Modification Alters the Chaperone Activity of HSP27 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2 (CMT2) Variants in a Mutation-Selective Fashion. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1705-1712. [PMID: 37540114 PMCID: PMC10442854 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased O-GlcNAc is a common feature of cellular stress, and the upregulation of this dynamic modification is associated with improved survival under these conditions. Likewise, the heat shock proteins are also increased under stress and prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. We previously linked these two phenomena by demonstrating that O-GlcNAc directly increases the chaperone of certain small heat shock proteins, including HSP27. Here, we examine this linkage further by exploring the potential function of O-GlcNAc on mutants of HSP27 that cause a heritable neuropathy called Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2) disease. Using synthetic protein chemistry, we prepared five of these mutants bearing an O-GlcNAc at the major site of modification. Upon subsequent biochemical analysis of these proteins, we found that O-GlcNAc has different effects, depending on the location of the individual mutants. We believe that this has important implications for O-GlcNAc and other PTMs in the context of polymorphisms or diseases with high levels of protein mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
P. Moon
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Binyou Wang
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Ahn
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrew H. Ryu
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eldon R. Hard
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Afraah Javed
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R. Pratt
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Mishra S, Ma J, McKoy D, Sasaki M, Farinelli F, Page RC, Ranek MJ, Zachara N, Kass DA. Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) O-GlcNAcylation at Threonine-221 plays potent role in channel regulation. iScience 2023; 26:106294. [PMID: 36936781 PMCID: PMC10014292 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) is a non-voltage-gated channel that principally conducts calcium. Elevated channel activation contributes to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and proteinuria, often coupled to stimulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). TRPC6 is post-translationally regulated, but a role for O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) as elevated by diabetes, is unknown. Here we show TRPC6 is constitutively O-GlcNAcylated at Ser14, Thr70, and Thr221 in the N-terminus ankryn-4 (AR4) and linker (LH1) domains. Mutagenesis to alanine reveals T221 as a critical controller of resting TRPC6 conductance, and associated NFAT activity and pro-hypertrophic signaling. T→A mutations at sites homologous in closely related TRPC3 and TRPC7 also increases their activity. Molecular modeling predicts interactions between Thr221-O-GlcNAc and Ser199, Glu200, and Glu246, and combined alanine substitutions of the latter similarly elevates resting NFAT activity. Thus, O-GlcNAcylated T221 and interactions with coordinating residues is required for normal TRPC6 channel conductance and NFAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Desirae McKoy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Federica Farinelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Mark J. Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author
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7
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Xu S, Yin K, Wu R. Combining Selective Enrichment and a Boosting Approach to Globally and Site-Specifically Characterize Protein Co-translational O-GlcNAcylation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4371-4380. [PMID: 36802545 PMCID: PMC9996615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation plays extremely important roles in mammalian cells, regulating signal transduction and gene expression. This modification can happen during protein translation, and systematic and site-specific analysis of protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation can advance our understanding of this important modification. However, it is extraordinarily challenging because normally O-GlcNAcylated proteins are very low abundant and the abundances of co-translational ones are even much lower. Here, we developed a method integrating selective enrichment, a boosting approach, and multiplexed proteomics to globally and site-specifically characterize protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation. The boosting approach using the TMT labeling dramatically enhances the detection of co-translational glycopeptides with low abundance when enriched O-GlcNAcylated peptides from cells with a much longer labeling time was used as a boosting sample. More than 180 co-translational O-GlcNAcylated proteins were site-specifically identified. Further analyses revealed that among co-translational glycoproteins, those related to DNA binding and transcription are highly overrepresented using the total identified O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the same cells as the background. Compared with the glycosylation sites on all glycoproteins, co-translational sites have different local structures and adjacent amino acid residues. Overall, an integrative method was developed to identify protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation, which is very useful to advance our understanding of this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Alteen MG, Peacock H, Meek RW, Busmann JA, Zhu S, Davies GJ, Suga H, Vocadlo DJ. Potent De Novo Macrocyclic Peptides That Inhibit O-GlcNAc Transferase through an Allosteric Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215671. [PMID: 36460613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are a superfamily of enzymes that are notoriously difficult to inhibit. Here we apply an mRNA display technology integrated with genetic code reprogramming, referred to as the RaPID (random non-standard peptides integrated discovery) system, to identify macrocyclic peptides with high binding affinities for O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). These macrocycles inhibit OGT activity through an allosteric mechanism that is driven by their binding to the tetratricopeptide repeats of OGT. Saturation mutagenesis in a maturation screen using 39 amino acids, including 22 non-canonical residues, led to an improved unnatural macrocycle that is ≈40 times more potent than the parent compound (Ki app =1.5 nM). Subsequent derivatization delivered a biotinylated derivative that enabled one-step affinity purification of OGT from complex samples. The high potency and novel mechanism of action of these OGT ligands should enable new approaches to elucidate the specificity and regulation of OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Alteen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hayden Peacock
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Richard W Meek
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jil A Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Kufleitner M, Haiber LM, Wittmann V. Metabolic glycoengineering - exploring glycosylation with bioorthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:510-535. [PMID: 36537135 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in numerous biological recognition events. Being secondary gene products, their labeling by genetic methods - comparable to GFP labeling of proteins - is not possible. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE, also known as metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, MOE) has been developed. In this approach, cells or organisms are treated with synthetic carbohydrate derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group. In the cytosol, the compounds are metabolized and incorporated into newly synthesized glycoconjugates. Subsequently, the reporter groups can be further derivatized in a bioorthogonal ligation reaction. In this way, glycans can be visualized or isolated. Furthermore, diverse targeting strategies have been developed to direct drugs, nanoparticles, or whole cells to a desired location. This review summarizes research in the field of MGE carried out in recent years. After an introduction to the bioorthogonal ligation reactions that have been used in in connection with MGE, an overview on carbohydrate derivatives for MGE is given. The last part of the review focuses on the many applications of MGE starting from mammalian cells to experiments with animals and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kufleitner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Maria Haiber
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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10
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Protein-Peptide Turnover Profiling reveals the order of PTM addition and removal during protein maturation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7431. [PMID: 36460637 PMCID: PMC9718778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate various aspects of protein function, including degradation. Mass spectrometric methods relying on pulsed metabolic labeling are popular to quantify turnover rates on a proteome-wide scale. Such data have traditionally been interpreted in the context of protein proteolytic stability. Here, we combine theoretical kinetic modeling with experimental pulsed stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) for the study of protein phosphorylation. We demonstrate that metabolic labeling combined with PTM-specific enrichment does not measure effects of PTMs on protein stability. Rather, it reveals the relative order of PTM addition and removal along a protein's lifetime-a fundamentally different metric. This is due to interconversion of the measured proteoform species. Using this framework, we identify temporal phosphorylation sites on cell cycle-specific factors and protein complex assembly intermediates. Our results thus allow tying PTMs to the age of the modified proteins.
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11
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Fahie KMM, Papanicolaou KN, Zachara NE. Integration of O-GlcNAc into Stress Response Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36359905 PMCID: PMC9654274 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Mitchell CW, Czajewski I, van Aalten DM. Bioinformatic prediction of putative conveyers of O-GlcNAc transferase intellectual disability. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102276. [PMID: 35863433 PMCID: PMC9428853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification that is catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and is essential for neurodevelopment and postnatal neuronal function. Missense mutations in OGT segregate with a novel X-linked intellectual disability syndrome, the OGT congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG). One hypothesis for the etiology of OGT-CDG is that loss of OGT activity leads to hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of as yet unidentified, specific neuronal proteins, affecting essential embryonic, and postnatal neurodevelopmental processes; however, the identity of these O-GlcNAcylated proteins is not known. Here, we used bioinformatic techniques to integrate sequence conservation, structural data, clinical data, and the available literature to identify 22 candidate proteins that convey OGT-CDG. We found using gene ontology and PANTHER database data that these candidate proteins are involved in diverse processes including Ras/MAPK signaling, translational repression, cytoskeletal dynamics, and chromatin remodeling. We also identify pathogenic missense variants at O-GlcNAcylation sites that segregate with intellectual disability. This work establishes a preliminary platform for the mechanistic dissection of the links between protein O-GlcNAcylation and neurodevelopment in OGT-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor W. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Daan M.F. van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom,For correspondence: Daan M. F. van Aalten
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13
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Spatial and temporal proteomics reveals the distinct distributions and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110946. [PMID: 35705054 PMCID: PMC9244862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation plays critical roles in many cellular events, and its dysregulation is related to multiple diseases. Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry and multiplexed proteomics, we systematically and site specifically study the distributions and dynamics of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of human cells. The results demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The distributions vary site specifically, indicating that different glycoforms of the same protein may have different distributions. Moreover, we comprehensively analyze the dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated and non-modified proteins in these two compartments, respectively, and the half-lives of glycoproteins in different compartments are markedly different, with the median half-life in the cytoplasm being much longer. In addition, glycoproteins in the nucleus are more dramatically stabilized than those in the cytoplasm under the O-GlcNAcase inhibition. The comprehensive spatial and temporal analyses of protein O-GlcNAcylation provide valuable information and advance our understanding of this important modification. Xu et al. systematically and site specifically study the distribution and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The half-lives of glycoproteins in the two cellular compartments are markedly different, with the much longer median half-life in the cytoplasm.
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14
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Discovery of a New Drug-Like Series of OGT Inhibitors by Virtual Screening. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061996. [PMID: 35335358 PMCID: PMC8950328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification installed by the enzyme O-β-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl transferase (OGT). Modulating this enzyme would be extremely valuable to better understand its role in the development of serious human pathologies, such as diabetes and cancer. However, the limited availability of potent and selective inhibitors hinders the validation of this potential therapeutic target. To explore new chemotypes that target the active site of OGT, we performed virtual screening of a large library of commercially available compounds with drug-like properties. We purchased samples of the most promising virtual hits and used enzyme assays to identify authentic leads. Structure-activity relationships of the best identified OGT inhibitor were explored by generating a small library of derivatives. Our best hit displays a novel uridine mimetic scaffold and inhibited the recombinant enzyme with an IC50 value of 7 µM. The current hit represents an excellent starting point for designing and developing a new set of OGT inhibitors that may prove useful for exploring the biology of OGT.
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15
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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16
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Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3343-3351. [PMID: 35132862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins with diverse glycans are essential to human cells, and subtle differences in glycan structures may result in entirely different functions. One typical example is proteins modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) (the Tn antigen), in which the two glycans have very similar structures and identical chemical compositions, making them extraordinarily challenging to be distinguished. Here, we developed an effective method benefiting from selective enrichment and the enzymatic specificity to simultaneously identify and distinguish glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Metabolic labeling was combined with bioorthogonal chemistry for enriching glycoproteins modified with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Then, the enzymatic reaction with galactose oxidase was utilized to specifically oxidize O-GalNAc, but not O-GlcNAc, generating the different tags between glycopeptides with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc that can be easily distinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). Among O-GlcNAcylated proteins commonly identified in three types of human cells, those related to transcription and RNA binding are highly enriched. Cell-specific features are also revealed. Among glycoproteins exclusively in Jurkat cells, those involved in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection are overrepresented, which is consistent with the cell line source and suggests that protein O-GlcNAcylation participated in the response to the virus infection. Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiangnan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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17
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Contribution of the STAT Family of Transcription Factors to the Expression of the Serotonin 2B (HTR2B) Receptor in Human Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031564. [PMID: 35163491 PMCID: PMC8836204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) remains the most common intraocular malignancy among diseases affecting the adult eye. The primary tumor disseminates to the liver in half of patients and leads to a 6 to 12-month survival rate, making UM a particularly aggressive type of cancer. Genomic analyses have led to the development of gene-expression profiles that can efficiently predict metastatic progression. Among these genes, that encoding the serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) represents the most discriminant from this molecular signature, its aberrant expression being the hallmark of UM metastatic progression. Recent evidence suggests that expression of HTR2B might be regulated through the Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) intracellular signalization pathway. However, little is actually known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the abnormally elevated expression of the HTR2B gene in metastatic UM and whether activated STAT proteins participates to this mechanism. In this study, we determined the pattern of STAT family members expressed in both primary tumors and UM cell-lines, and evaluated their contribution to HTR2B gene expression. Examination of the HTR2B promoter sequence revealed the presence of a STAT putative target site (5′-TTC (N)3 GAA3′) located 280 bp upstream of the mRNA start site that is completely identical to the high affinity binding site recognized by these TFs. Gene profiling on microarrays provided evidence that metastatic UM cell lines with high levels of HTR2B also express high levels of STAT proteins whereas low levels of these TFs are observed in non-metastatic UM cells with low levels of HTR2B, suggesting that STAT proteins contribute to HTR2B gene expression in UM cells. All UM cell lines tested were found to express their own pattern of STAT proteins in Western blot analyses. Furthermore, T142 and T143 UM cells responded to interleukins IL-4 and IL-6 by increasing the phosphorylation status of STAT1. Most of all, expression of HTR2B also considerably increased in response to both IL-4 and IL-6 therefore providing evidence that HTR2B gene expression is modulated by STAT proteins in UM cells. The binding of STAT proteins to the −280 HTR2B/STAT site was also demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analyses and site-directed mutation of that STAT site also abolished both IL-4 and IL-6 responsiveness in in vitro transfection analyses. The results of this study therefore demonstrate that members from the STAT family of TFs positively contribute to the expression of HTR2B in uveal melanoma.
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18
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Writing and erasing O-GlcNAc from target proteins in cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2891-2901. [PMID: 34783346 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a widespread reversible modification on nucleocytoplasmic proteins that plays an important role in many biochemical processes and is highly relevant to numerous human diseases. The O-GlcNAc modification has diverse functional impacts on individual proteins and glycosites, and methods for editing this modification on substrates are essential to decipher these functions. Herein, we review recent progress in developing methods for O-GlcNAc regulation, with a focus on methods for editing O-GlcNAc with protein- and site-selectivity in cells. The applications, advantages, and limitations of currently available strategies for writing and erasing O-GlcNAc and future directions are also discussed. These emerging approaches to manipulate O-GlcNAc on a target protein in cells will greatly accelerate the development of functional studies and enable therapeutic interventions in the O-GlcNAc field.
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19
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Discovery proteomics defines androgen-regulated glycoprotein networks in prostate cancer cells, as well as putative biomarkers of prostatic diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22208. [PMID: 34782677 PMCID: PMC8592995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiologic androgen (SPA) inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells by transcriptional repression of DNA replication and cell-cycle genes. In this study, quantitative glycoprotein profiling identified androgen-regulated glycoprotein networks associated with SPA-mediated inhibition of PCa cell proliferation, and androgen-regulated glycoproteins in clinical prostate tissues. SPA-regulated glycoprotein networks were enriched for translation factors and ribosomal proteins, proteins that are known to be O-GlcNAcylated in response to various cellular stresses. Thus, androgen-regulated glycoproteins are likely to be targeted for O-GlcNAcylation. Comparative analysis of glycosylated proteins in PCa cells and clinical prostate tissue identified androgen-regulated glycoproteins that are differentially expressed prostate tissues at various stages of cancer. Notably, the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 was found to be an androgen-regulated glycoprotein in PCa cells, with higher expression in cancerous versus non-cancerous prostate tissue. Our glycoproteomics study provides an experimental framework for characterizing androgen-regulated proteins and glycoprotein networks, toward better understanding how this subproteome leads to physiologic and supraphysiologic proliferation responses in PCa cells, and their potential use as druggable biomarkers of dysregulated AR-dependent signaling in PCa cells.
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20
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Lee JB, Pyo KH, Kim HR. Role and Function of O-GlcNAcylation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215365. [PMID: 34771527 PMCID: PMC8582477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the rapid advancement in immunotherapy and targeted agents, many patients diagnosed with cancer have poor prognosis with dismal overall survival. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the ability of cancer cells to reprogram their energy metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation is an emerging potential mechanism for cancer cells to induce proliferation and progression of tumor cells and resistance to chemotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism behind O-GlcNAcylation and discusses the role of O-GlcNAcylation, including its function with receptor tyrosine kinase and chemo-resistance in cancer, and immune response to cancer and as a prognostic factor. Further pre-clinical studies on O-GlcNAcylation are warranted to assess the clinical efficacy of agents targeting O-GlcNAcylation. Abstract Cancer cells are able to reprogram their glucose metabolism and retain energy via glycolysis even under aerobic conditions. They activate the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), and the complex interplay of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) via deprivation of nutrients or increase in cellular stress results in the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of cancer cells. Notably, cancer is one of the emerging diseases associated with O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we summarize studies that delineate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer, including its modulation in metastasis, function with receptor tyrosine kinases, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. In addition, we discuss the function of O-GlcNAcylation in eliciting immune responses associated with immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly accepted as one of the key players involved in the activation and differentiation of T cells and macrophages. Finally, we discuss the prognostic role of O-GlcNAcylation and potential therapeutic agents such as O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase inhibitors, which may help overcome the resistance mechanism associated with the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
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21
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Saha A, Bello D, Fernández-Tejada A. Advances in chemical probing of protein O-GlcNAc glycosylation: structural role and molecular mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10451-10485. [PMID: 34338261 PMCID: PMC8451060 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The addition of O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is an abundant, unique post-translational modification governing important biological processes. O-GlcNAc dysregulation underlies several metabolic disorders leading to human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. This review provides an extensive summary of the recent progress in probing O-GlcNAcylation using mainly chemical methods, with a special focus on discussing mechanistic insights and the structural role of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. We highlight key aspects of the O-GlcNAc enzymes, including development of OGT and OGA small-molecule inhibitors, and describe a variety of chemoenzymatic and chemical biology approaches for the study of O-GlcNAcylation. Special emphasis is placed on the power of chemistry in the form of synthetic glycopeptide and glycoprotein tools for investigating the site-specific functional consequences of the modification. Finally, we discuss in detail the conformational effects of O-GlcNAc glycosylation on protein structure and stability, relevant O-GlcNAc-mediated protein interactions and its molecular recognition features by biological receptors. Future research in this field will provide novel, more effective chemical strategies and probes for the molecular interrogation of O-GlcNAcylation, elucidating new mechanisms and functional roles of O-GlcNAc with potential therapeutic applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Davide Bello
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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22
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Heiss TK, Dorn RS, Prescher JA. Bioorthogonal Reactions of Triarylphosphines and Related Analogues. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6802-6849. [PMID: 34101453 PMCID: PMC10064493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal phosphines were introduced in the context of the Staudinger ligation over 20 years ago. Since that time, phosphine probes have been used in myriad applications to tag azide-functionalized biomolecules. The Staudinger ligation also paved the way for the development of other phosphorus-based chemistries, many of which are widely employed in biological experiments. Several reviews have highlighted early achievements in the design and application of bioorthogonal phosphines. This review summarizes more recent advances in the field. We discuss innovations in classic Staudinger-like transformations that have enabled new biological pursuits. We also highlight relative newcomers to the bioorthogonal stage, including the cyclopropenone-phosphine ligation and the phospha-Michael reaction. The review concludes with chemoselective reactions involving phosphite and phosphonite ligations. For each transformation, we describe the overall mechanism and scope. We also showcase efforts to fine-tune the reagents for specific functions. We further describe recent applications of the chemistries in biological settings. Collectively, these examples underscore the versatility and breadth of bioorthogonal phosphine reagents.
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23
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Song J, Liu C, Wang X, Xu B, Liu X, Li Y, Xia J, Li Y, Zhang C, Li D, Sun H. O-GlcNAcylation Quantification of Certain Protein by the Proximity Ligation Assay and Clostridium perfringen OGA D298N(CpOGA D298N). ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1040-1049. [PMID: 34105348 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an O-linked β-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-monosaccharide modification of serine or threonine in proteins that plays a vital role in many critical cellular processes. Owing to its low molecular weight, uncharged property, and difficulty in distinguishing from β-N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc), the lack of high specificity and avidity tools and sophisticated quantification methods have always been the bottleneck in analyzing O-GlcNAc functions. Here, we compared glycan array data of the mutant of Clostridium perfringen OGA (CpOGAD298N), O-GlcNAc antibody CTD110.6, and several lectins. We found that CpOGAD298N can effectively distinguish GlcNAc from GalNAc. Glycan array analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) show that CpOGAD298N has a GlcNAc specific binding characteristic. CpOGAD298N could be used in far-western, flow cytometry analysis, and confocal imaging to demonstrate the existence of O-GlcNAc proteins. Using the CpOGAD298N affinity column, we identified 84 highly confident O-GlcNAc modified peptides from 82 proteins in the MCF-7 cell line and 33 highly confident peptides in 33 proteins from mouse liver tissue; most of them are novel O-GlcNAc proteins and could not bind with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Besides being used as a facile enrichment tool, a combination of CpOGAD298N with the proximity ligation assay (PLA) is successfully used to quantify O-GlcNAc modified histone H2B, which is as low as femtomoles in MCF-7 cell lysate. These results suggest that CpOGAD298N is a specific tool for detection (far-western, flow cytometry analysis, and confocal imaging) and enrichment of O-GlcNAcylated proteins and peptides, and the CpOGAD298N-PLA method is useful for quantifying certain O-GlcNAc protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Kim EJ. Advances in Strategies and Tools Available for Interrogation of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3010-3026. [PMID: 34101962 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of a single O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of numerous proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) and plays an important role as a regulator of various cellular processes in both healthy and disease states. Advances in strategies and tools that allow for the detection of dynamic O-GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins have helped to enhance our initial and ongoing understanding of its dynamic effects on cellular stimuli and given insights into its link to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Furthermore, chemical genetic strategies and related tools have been successfully applied to a myriad of biological systems with a new level of spatiotemporal and molecular precision. These strategies have started to be used in studying and controlling O-GlcNAcylation both in vivo and in vitro. In this minireview, overviews of recent advances in molecular tools being applied to the detection and identification of O-GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins as well as on individual proteins are provided. In addition, chemical genetic strategies that have already been applied or are potentially usable in O-GlcNAc functional are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kim
- Daegu University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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25
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Mauri T, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Bardor M, Lefebvre T, Lensink MF, Brysbaert G. O-GlcNAcylation Prediction: An Unattained Objective. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2021; 14:87-102. [PMID: 34135600 PMCID: PMC8197665 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s294867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in mammalian cells. It consists in the addition of a N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue onto serines or threonines by an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Inhibition of OGT is lethal, and misregulation of this PTM can lead to diverse pathologies including diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancers. Knowing the location of O-GlcNAcylation sites and the ability to accurately predict them is therefore of prime importance to a better understanding of this process and its related pathologies. PURPOSE Here, we present an evaluation of the current predictors of O-GlcNAcylation sites based on a newly built dataset and an investigation to improve predictions. METHODS Several datasets of experimentally proven O-GlcNAcylated sites were combined, and the resulting meta-dataset was used to evaluate three prediction tools. We further defined a set of new features following the analysis of the primary to tertiary structures of experimentally proven O-GlcNAcylated sites in order to improve predictions by the use of different types of machine learning techniques. RESULTS Our results show the failure of currently available algorithms to predict O-GlcNAcylated sites with a precision exceeding 9%. Our efforts to improve the precision with new features using machine learning techniques do succeed for equal proportions of O-GlcNAcylated and non-O-GlcNAcylated sites but fail like the other tools for real-life proportions where ~1.4% of S/T are O-GlcNAcylated. CONCLUSION Present-day algorithms for O-GlcNAcylation prediction narrowly outperform random prediction. The inclusion of additional features, in combination with machine learning algorithms, does not enhance these predictions, emphasizing a pressing need for further development. We hypothesize that the improvement of prediction algorithms requires characterization of OGT's partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Mauri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS; UMR8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | | | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS; UMR8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Marc F Lensink
- Univ. Lille, CNRS; UMR8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS; UMR8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
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26
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Mutanwad KV, Lucyshyn D. Balancing O-GlcNAc and O-fucose in plants. FEBS J 2021; 289:3086-3092. [PMID: 34051053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
O-linked modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with monosaccharides is essential in all eukaryotes. While many aspects of this post-translational modification are highly conserved, there are striking differences between plants and the animal kingdom. In animals, dynamic cycling of O-GlcNAc is established by two essential single copy enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT and O-GlcNAc hydrolase OGA. In contrast, plants balance O-GlcNAc with O-fucose modifications, catalyzed by the OGT SECRET AGENT (SEC) and the protein O-fucosyltransferase (POFUT) SPINDLY (SPY). However, specific glycoside hydrolases for either of the two modifications have not yet been identified. Nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation is still not very well understood in plants, even though a high number of proteins were found to be affected. One important open question is how specificity is established in a system where only two enzymes modify hundreds of proteins. Here, we discuss the possibility that O-GlcNAc- and O-fucose-binding proteins could introduce an additional flexible layer of regulation in O-glycosylation-mediated signaling pathways, with the potential of integrating internal or external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Ge Y, Ramirez DH, Yang B, D'Souza AK, Aonbangkhen C, Wong S, Woo CM. Target protein deglycosylation in living cells by a nanobody-fused split O-GlcNAcase. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:593-600. [PMID: 33686291 PMCID: PMC8085020 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential and dynamic post-translational modification that is presented on thousands of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Interrogating the role of O-GlcNAc on a single target protein is crucial, yet challenging to perform in cells. Herein, we developed a nanobody-fused split O-GlcNAcase (OGA) as an O-GlcNAc eraser for selective deglycosylation of a target protein in cells. After systematic cellular optimization, we identified a split OGA with reduced inherent deglycosidase activity that selectively removed O-GlcNAc from the desired target protein when directed by a nanobody. We demonstrate the generality of the nanobody-fused split OGA using four nanobodies against five target proteins and use the system to study the impact of O-GlcNAc on the transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos. The nanobody-directed O-GlcNAc eraser provides a new strategy for the functional evaluation and engineering of O-GlcNAc via the selective removal of O-GlcNAc from individual proteins directly in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandria K D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Yoo TY, Mitchison TJ. O-GlcNAc modification of nuclear pore complexes accelerates bidirectional transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212033. [PMID: 33909044 PMCID: PMC8091080 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope depends on facilitated diffusion through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The interior of NPCs contains a permeability barrier made of phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat domains that selectively facilitates the permeation of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). FG-repeat domains in NPCs are a major site of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the functional role of this modification in nucleocytoplasmic transport is unclear. We developed high-throughput assays based on optogenetic probes to quantify the kinetics of nuclear import and export in living human cells. We found that increasing O-GlcNAc modification of the NPC accelerated NTR-facilitated transport of proteins in both directions, and decreasing modification slowed transport. Superresolution imaging revealed strong enrichment of O-GlcNAc at the FG-repeat barrier. O-GlcNAc modification also accelerated passive permeation of a small, inert protein through NPCs. We conclude that O-GlcNAc modification accelerates nucleocytoplasmic transport by enhancing the nonspecific permeability of the FG-repeat barrier, perhaps by steric inhibition of interactions between FG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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29
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Pedowitz NJ, Pratt MR. Design and Synthesis of Metabolic Chemical Reporters for the Visualization and Identification of Glycoproteins. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:306-321. [PMID: 34337414 PMCID: PMC8323544 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation events play an invaluable role in regulating cellular processes including enzymatic activity, immune recognition, protein stability, and cell-cell interactions. However, researchers have yet to realize the full range of glycan mediated biological functions due to a lack of appropriate chemical tools. Fortunately, the past 25 years has seen the emergence of modified sugar analogs, termed metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs), which are metabolized by endogenous enzymes to label complex glycan structures. Here, we review the major reporters for each class of glycosylation and highlight recent applications that have made a tremendous impact on the field of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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30
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Nutrient regulation of the flow of genetic information by O-GlcNAcylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:867-880. [PMID: 33769449 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is actively added to and removed from thousands of intracellular proteins. As a PTM, O-GlcNAcylation tunes the functions of a protein in various ways, such as enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions, and degradation. Its regulatory roles often interplay with the phosphorylation of the same protein. Governed by 'the Central Dogma', the flow of genetic information is central to all cellular activities. Many proteins regulating this flow are O-GlcNAc modified, and their functions are tuned by the cycling sugar. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation on the epigenome, in DNA replication and repair, in transcription and in RNA processing, in protein translation and in protein turnover.
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31
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Muha V, Authier F, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Johnson S, Gallagher J, McNeilly A, McCrimmon RJ, Teboul L, van Aalten DMF. Loss of O-GlcNAcase catalytic activity leads to defects in mouse embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100439. [PMID: 33610549 PMCID: PMC7988489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification that has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the sole enzyme catalyzing the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins, has emerged as a potential drug target. OGA consists of an N-terminal OGA catalytic domain and a C-terminal pseudo histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain with unknown function. To investigate phenotypes specific to loss of OGA catalytic activity and dissect the role of the HAT domain, we generated a constitutive knock-in mouse line, carrying a mutation of a catalytic aspartic acid to alanine. These mice showed perinatal lethality and abnormal embryonic growth with skewed Mendelian ratios after day E18.5. We observed tissue-specific changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis regulation to compensate for loss of OGA activity. Using X-ray microcomputed tomography on late gestation embryos, we identified defects in the kidney, brain, liver, and stomach. Taken together, our data suggest that developmental defects during gestation may arise upon prolonged OGA inhibition specifically because of loss of OGA catalytic activity and independent of the function of the HAT domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villő Muha
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Florence Authier
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Sara Johnson
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison McNeilly
- System Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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32
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Seo J, Park YS, Kweon TH, Kang J, Son S, Kim HB, Seo YR, Kang MJ, Yi EC, Lee YH, Kim JH, Park B, Yang WH, Cho JW. O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Modification of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Regulates Antiviral Signaling by Modulating Its Activity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:589259. [PMID: 33603735 PMCID: PMC7884448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, play fundamental roles in modulating cellular events, including transcription, signal transduction, and immune signaling. Several molecular targets of O-GlcNAcylation associated with pathogen-induced innate immune responses have been identified; however, the direct regulatory mechanisms linking O-GlcNAcylation with antiviral RIG-I-like receptor signaling are not fully understood. In this study, we found that cellular levels of O-GlcNAcylation decline in response to infection with Sendai virus. We identified a heavily O-GlcNAcylated serine-rich region between amino acids 249–257 of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS); modification at this site disrupts MAVS aggregation and prevents MAVS-mediated activation and signaling. O-GlcNAcylation of the serine-rich region of MAVS also suppresses its interaction with TRAF3; this prevents IRF3 activation and production of interferon-β. Taken together, these results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of MAVS may be a master regulatory event that promotes host defense against RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Seo
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Park
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kweon
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jingu Kang
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongjin Son
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jueng Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ho Yang
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Kositzke A, Fan D, Wang A, Li H, Worth M, Jiang J. Elucidating the protein substrate recognition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) toward O-GlcNAcase (OGA) using a GlcNAc electrophilic probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 169:51-59. [PMID: 33333092 PMCID: PMC7856287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The essential human O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for modifying thousands of intracellular proteins with the monosaccharide O-GlcNAc. This unique modification plays crucial roles in human health and disease, but the substrate recognition of OGT remains poorly understood. Intriguingly, the only human enzyme reported to remove this modification, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), is O-GlcNAc modified. Here, we exploited a GlcNAc electrophilic probe (GEP1A) to rapidly screen OGT mutants in a fluorescence assay that can discriminate between altered OGT-sugar and -protein substrate binding to help elucidate the binding mode of OGT toward OGA protein substrate. Since OGT tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain plays a key role in OGT-OGA binding, we screened 30 OGT TPR mutants, which revealed 15 "ladder like" asparagine or aspartate residues spanning TPRs 3-7 and 10-13.5 that affect OGA O-GlcNAcylation. By applying a truncated OGA construct, we found that OGA's N-terminal region or pseudo histone acetyltransferase domain is not required for its O-GlcNAcylation, suggesting OGT functionally interacts with OGA through its catalytic and/or stalk domains. This work represents the first effort to systemically investigate each OGT TPR and our findings will facilitate the development of new strategies to investigate the role of substrate-specific O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositzke
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Matthew Worth
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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34
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Yang F, Wang C. Profiling of post-translational modifications by chemical and computational proteomics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13506-13519. [PMID: 33084662 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) diversify the molecular structures of proteins and play essential roles in regulating their functions. Abnormal PTM status has been linked to a variety of developmental disorders and human diseases, highlighting the importance of studying PTMs in understanding physiological processes and discovering novel nodes and links with therapeutic intervention potential. Classical biochemical methods are suitable for studying PTMs on individual proteins; however, global profiling of PTMs in proteomes remains a challenging task. In this feature article, we start with a brief review of the traditional affinity-based strategies and shift the emphasis to summarizing recent progress in the development and application of chemical and computational proteomic strategies to delineate the global landscapes of functional PTMs. Finally, we discuss current challenges in PTM detection and provide future perspectives on how the field can be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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35
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Abstract
The emergence of genome-wide analyses to interrogate cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content has revolutionized the study of control networks that mediate cellular homeostasis. mRNA translation represents the last step of genetic flow and primarily defines the proteome. Translational regulation is thus critical for gene expression, in particular under nutrient excess or deficiency. Until recently, it was unclear how the global effects of translational control are orchestrated by nutrient signaling pathways. An emerging concept of translational reprogramming addresses how to maintain the expression of specific proteins during nutrient stress by translation of selective mRNAs. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of translational control principles; nutrient-sensing mechanisms; and their dysregulation in human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and aging. The mechanistic understanding of translational regulation in response to different nutrient conditions may help identify potential dietary and therapeutic targets to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Erica Shu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Robert V. Swanda
- Graduate Field of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shu-Bing Qian
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Graduate Field of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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36
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Zhu Y, Willems LI, Salas D, Cecioni S, Wu WB, Foster LJ, Vocadlo DJ. Tandem Bioorthogonal Labeling Uncovers Endogenous Cotranslationally O-GlcNAc Modified Nascent Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15729-15739. [PMID: 32870666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins within multicellular eukaryotes have hydroxyl groups of specific serine and threonine residues modified by the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). This modification, known as O-GlcNAc, has emerged as a central regulator of both cell physiology and human health. A key emerging function of O-GlcNAc appears to be to regulate cellular protein homeostasis. We previously showed, using overexpressed model proteins, that O-GlcNAc modification can occur cotranslationally and that this process prevents premature degradation of such nascent polypeptide chains. Here, we use tandem metabolic engineering strategies to label endogenously occurring nascent polypeptide chains within cells using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) and target the specific subset of nascent chains that are cotranslationally glycosylated with O-GlcNAc by metabolic saccharide engineering using tetra-O-acetyl-2-N-azidoacetyl-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose (Ac4GalNAz). Using various combinations of sequential chemoselective ligation strategies, we go on to tag these analytes with a series of labels, allowing us to define conditions that enable their robust labeling. Two-step enrichment of these glycosylated nascent chains, combined with shotgun proteomics, allows us to identify a set of endogenous cotranslationally O-GlcNAc modified proteins. Using alternative targeted methods, we examine three of these identified proteins and further validate their cotranslational O-GlcNAcylation. These findings detail strategies to enable isolation and identification of extremely low abundance endogenous analytes present within complex protein mixtures. Moreover, this work opens the way to studies directed at understanding the roles of O-GlcNAc and other cotranslational protein modifications and should stimulate an improved understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cytoplasmic protein quality control and proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lianne I Willems
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Daniela Salas
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Samy Cecioni
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weifeng B Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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37
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Choudhary P, Badmalia MD, Rao A. Shape-function insights into bifunctional O-GlcNActransferase of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. Glycobiology 2020; 31:275-287. [PMID: 32776104 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins. O-GlcNAcylated proteins have crucial roles in several cellular contexts both in eukaryotes and bacteria. O-GlcNActransferase (OGT) is the enzyme instrumental in O-GlcNAcylation of proteins. OGT is conserved across eukaryotes. The first bacterial OGT discovered is GmaR in Listeria monocytogenes. GmaR is a GT-2 family bifunctional protein that catalyzes glycosylation of the flagellin protein FlaA and controls transcription of flagellar motility genes in a temperature-dependent manner. Here, we provide methods for heterologous expression and purification of recombinant GmaR and FlaA, in vivo/in vitro glycosylation assays, analysis of the molecular form of recombinant GmaR and detailed enzyme kinetics. We study the structure and functional dynamics of GmaR. Using solution small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular modeling, we show that GmaR adopts an extended shape with two distinctly spaced structural units in the presence of cofactor Mg2+ and with donor UDP-GlcNAc and cofactor combined. Comparisons of restored structures revealed that in-solution binding of Mg2+ ions brings about shape rearrangements and induces structural-rigidity in hyper-variable regions at the N-terminus of GmaR protein. Taking function and shape data together, we describe that Mg2+ binding enables GmaR to adopt a shape that can bind the substrate. The manuscript provides the first 3D solution structure of a bacterial OGT of GT-2 family and detailed biochemical characterization of GmaR to facilitate its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maulik D Badmalia
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | | | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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38
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Gorelik A, van Aalten DMF. Tools for functional dissection of site-specific O-GlcNAcylation. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:98-109. [PMID: 34458751 PMCID: PMC8386111 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification of intracellular proteins with the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine covalently tethered to serines and threonines. Modification of proteins with O-GlcNAc is required for metazoan embryo development and maintains cellular homeostasis through effects on transcription, signalling and stress response. While disruption of O-GlcNAc homeostasis can have detrimental impact on cell physiology and cause various diseases, little is known about the functions of individual O-GlcNAc sites. Most of the sites are modified sub-stoichiometrically which is a major challenge to the dissection of O-GlcNAc function. Here, we discuss the application, advantages and limitations of the currently available tools and technologies utilised to dissect the function of O-GlcNAc on individual proteins and sites in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we provide a perspective on future developments required to decipher the protein- and site-specific roles of this essential sugar modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Gorelik
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dundee UK
- Institute for Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
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39
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Targeting O-GlcNAcylation to develop novel therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100885. [PMID: 32736806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant post-translational modification (PTM) that modifies the serine or threonine residues of thousands of proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. Being a major "nutrient sensor" in cells, the O-GlcNAc pathway is sensitive to cellular metabolic states. Extensive crosstalk is observed between O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc regulates protein functions at multiple levels, including enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions and degradation. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with many human diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Though research on O-GlcNAc is still in its infantry, accumulating evidence suggest O-GlcNAcylation to be a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly discuss the basic features of this PTM, the O-GlcNAc signaling pathway, its regulatory functions on different proteins, and its involvement in human diseases. We hope this review will provide insights to researchers who study human disease, as well as researchers who are interested in the fundamental roles of O-GlcNAcylation in all cells.
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40
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Pravata VM, Omelková M, Stavridis MP, Desbiens CM, Stephen HM, Lefeber DJ, Gecz J, Gundogdu M, Õunap K, Joss S, Schwartz CE, Wells L, van Aalten DMF. An intellectual disability syndrome with single-nucleotide variants in O-GlcNAc transferase. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:706-714. [PMID: 32080367 PMCID: PMC7253464 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects ~1% of the world population. In total 5-10% of ID cases are due to variants in genes located on the X chromosome. Recently, variants in OGT have been shown to co-segregate with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) in multiple families. OGT encodes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an essential enzyme that catalyses O-linked glycosylation with β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine/threonine residues of thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. In this review, we compile the work from the last few years that clearly delineates a new syndromic form of ID, which we propose to classify as a novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG). We discuss potential hypotheses for the underpinning molecular mechanism(s) that provide impetus for future research studies geared towards informed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Pravata
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michaela Omelková
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marios P. Stavridis
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chelsea M. Desbiens
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Hannah M. Stephen
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jozef Gecz
- 0000 0004 1936 7304grid.1010.0Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Mehmet Gundogdu
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cInstitute of Molecular Cell and System Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- 0000 0001 0585 7044grid.412269.aDepartment of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia ,0000 0001 0943 7661grid.10939.32Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Genetic Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charles E. Schwartz
- 0000 0000 8571 0933grid.418307.9Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Lance Wells
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- 0000 0004 0397 2876grid.8241.fDivision of Gene Regulation and Expression and School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ramirez DH, Aonbangkhen C, Wu HY, Naftaly JA, Tang S, O’Meara TR, Woo CM. Engineering a Proximity-Directed O-GlcNAc Transferase for Selective Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1059-1066. [PMID: 32119511 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that plays an essential role in cellular signaling throughout the nucleocytoplasmic proteome of eukaryotic cells. Strategies for selectively increasing O-GlcNAc levels on a target protein in cells would accelerate studies of this essential modification. Here, we report a generalizable strategy for introducing O-GlcNAc into selected target proteins in cells using a nanobody as a proximity-directing agent fused to O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Fusion of a nanobody that recognizes GFP (nGFP) or a nanobody that recognizes the four-amino acid sequence EPEA (nEPEA) to OGT yielded nanobody-OGT constructs that selectively delivered O-GlcNAc to a series of tagged target proteins (e.g., JunB, cJun, and Nup62). Truncation of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain as in OGT(4) increased selectivity for the target protein through the nanobody by reducing global elevation of O-GlcNAc levels in the cell. Quantitative chemical proteomics confirmed the increase in O-GlcNAc to the target protein by nanobody-OGT(4). Glycoproteomics revealed that nanobody-OGT(4) or full-length OGT produced a similar glycosite profile on the target protein JunB and Nup62. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to selectively target endogenous α-synuclein for O-GlcNAcylation in HEK293T cells. These first proximity-directed OGT constructs provide a flexible strategy for targeting additional proteins and a template for further engineering of OGT and the O-GlcNAc proteome in the future. The use of a nanobody to redirect OGT substrate selection for glycosylation of desired proteins in cells may further constitute a generalizable strategy for controlling a broader array of post-translational modifications in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Naftaly
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Stephanie Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Timothy R. O’Meara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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42
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Muha V, Fenckova M, Ferenbach AT, Catinozzi M, Eidhof I, Storkebaum E, Schenck A, van Aalten DMF. O-GlcNAcase contributes to cognitive function in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8636-8646. [PMID: 32094227 PMCID: PMC7324509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification in neurons. In mice, an increase in O-GlcNAcylation leads to defects in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning. O-GlcNAcylation is established by two opposing enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). To investigate the role of OGA in elementary learning, we generated catalytically inactive and precise knockout Oga alleles (OgaD133N and OgaKO , respectively) in Drosophila melanogaster Adult OgaD133N and OgaKO flies lacking O-GlcNAcase activity showed locomotor phenotypes. Importantly, both Oga lines exhibited deficits in habituation, an evolutionarily conserved form of learning, highlighting that the requirement for O-GlcNAcase activity for cognitive function is preserved across species. Loss of O-GlcNAcase affected a number of synaptic boutons at the axon terminals of larval neuromuscular junction. Taken together, we report behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with Oga alleles and show that Oga contributes to cognition and synaptic morphology in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villo Muha
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom
| | - Marica Catinozzi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and the Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Eidhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Storkebaum
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and the Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kindom.
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43
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Kim HY, Park M, Kang C, Heo W, Yoon SM, Lee J, Kim JY. O-GlcNAcylation of light chain serine 12 mediates rituximab production doubled by thiamet G. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:863-875. [PMID: 31980903 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation occurs in recombinant proteins produced by CHO cells, but this phenomenon has not been studied extensively. Here, we report that rituximab is an O-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminylated (O-GlcNAcylated) protein and the production of rituximab is increased by thiamet G, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. The production of rituximab doubled with OGA inhibition and decreased with O-GlcNAc transferase inhibition. O-GlcNAc-specific antibody and metabolic labelling with azidO-GlcNAc confirmed the increased O-GlcNAcylation with thiamet G. Protein mass analysis revealed that serine 7, 12, and 14 of the rituximab light chain were O-GlcNAcylated. S12A mutation of the light chain decreased rituximab stability and failed to increase the production with thiamet G without any significant changes of mRNA level. Cytotoxicity and thermal stability assays confirmed that there were no differences in the biological and physical properties of rituximab produced by thiamet G treatment. Therefore, thiamet G treatment improves the production of rituximab without significantly altering its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Minseong Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Choeun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Woon Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sei Mee Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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44
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Muha V, Williamson R, Hills R, McNeilly AD, McWilliams TG, Alonso J, Schimpl M, Leney AC, Heck AJR, Sutherland C, Read KD, McCrimmon RJ, Brooks SP, van Aalten DMF. Loss of CRMP2 O-GlcNAcylation leads to reduced novel object recognition performance in mice. Open Biol 2019; 9:190192. [PMID: 31771416 PMCID: PMC6893399 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification in the nervous system, linked to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanistic links between these phenotypes and site-specific O-GlcNAcylation remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation of the microtubule-binding protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 (CRMP2) increases with age. By generating and characterizing a Crmp2S517A knock-in mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of O-GlcNAcylation leads to a small decrease in body weight and mild memory impairment, suggesting that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation has a small but detectable impact on mouse physiology and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villo Muha
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Rachel Hills
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Stem Cells and Metabolism, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jana Alonso
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Aneika C. Leney
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - Simon P. Brooks
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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45
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Worth M, Hu CW, Li H, Fan D, Estevez A, Zhu D, Wang A, Jiang J. Targeted covalent inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13291-13294. [PMID: 31626249 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) glycosylates numerous proteins and is implicated in many diseases. To date, most OGT inhibitors lack either sufficient potency or characterized specificity in cells. We report the first targeted covalent inhibitor that predominantly reacts with OGT but does not affect other functionally similar enzymes. This study provides a new strategy to interrogate cellular OGT functions and to investigate other glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Hao Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Arielis Estevez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Ao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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46
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King DT, Males A, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. Molecular mechanisms regulating O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-processing enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:131-144. [PMID: 31654859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) dynamically programmes cellular physiology to maintain homoeostasis and tailor biochemical pathways to meet context-dependent cellular needs. Despite diverse roles of played by O-GlcNAc, only two enzymes act antagonistically to govern its cycling; O-GlcNAc transferase installs the monosaccharide on target proteins, and O-GlcNAc hydrolase removes it. The recent literature has exposed a network of mechanisms regulating these two enzymes to choreograph global, and target-specific, O-GlcNAc cycling in response to cellular stress and nutrient availability. Herein, we amalgamate these emerging mechanisms from a structural and molecular perspective to explore how the cell exerts fine control to regulate O-GlcNAcylation of diverse proteins in a selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T King
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Males
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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47
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Li Y, Xie M, Men L, Du J. O-GlcNAcylation in immunity and inflammation: An intricate system (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:363-374. [PMID: 31198979 PMCID: PMC6605495 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low‑grade inflammation associated with obesity and diabetes result from the infiltration of adipose and vascular tissue by immune cells and contributes to cardiovascular complications. Despite an incomplete understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of immune cell differentiation and inflammation, O‑GlcNAcylation, the addition of O‑linked N‑acetylglucosamine (O‑GlcNAc) to cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins by the two cycling enzymes, the O‑linked N‑acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and the O‑GlcNAcase (OGA), may contribute to fine‑tune immunity and inflammation in both physiological and pathological conditions. Early studies have indicated that O‑GlcNAcylation of proteins play a pro‑inflammatory role in diabetes and insulin resistance, whereas subsequent studies have demonstrated that this post‑translational modification could also be protective against acute injuries. These studies suggest that diverse types of insults result in dynamic changes to O‑GlcNAcylation patterns, which fluctuate with cellular metabolism to promote or inhibit inflammation. In this review, the current understanding of O‑GlcNAcylation and its adaptive modulation in immune and inflammatory responses is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology
| | - Mingzheng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | | | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology
- Correspondence to: Dr Jianling Du, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China, E-mail:
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48
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Catalytic deficiency of O-GlcNAc transferase leads to X-linked intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14961-14970. [PMID: 31296563 PMCID: PMC6660750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900065116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an X-linked gene product that is essential for normal development of the vertebrate embryo. It catalyses the O-GlcNAc posttranslational modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins and proteolytic maturation of the transcriptional coregulator Host cell factor 1 (HCF1). Recent studies have suggested that conservative missense mutations distal to the OGT catalytic domain lead to X-linked intellectual disability in boys, but it is not clear if this is through changes in the O-GlcNAc proteome, loss of protein-protein interactions, or misprocessing of HCF1. Here, we report an OGT catalytic domain missense mutation in monozygotic female twins (c. X:70779215 T > A, p. N567K) with intellectual disability that allows dissection of these effects. The patients show limited IQ with developmental delay and skewed X-inactivation. Molecular analyses revealed decreased OGT stability and disruption of the substrate binding site, resulting in loss of catalytic activity. Editing this mutation into the Drosophila genome results in global changes in the O-GlcNAc proteome, while in mouse embryonic stem cells it leads to loss of O-GlcNAcase and delayed differentiation down the neuronal lineage. These data imply that catalytic deficiency of OGT could contribute to X-linked intellectual disability.
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49
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Modulation of the NOD-like receptors NOD1 and NOD2: A chemist's perspective. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1153-1161. [PMID: 30890292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the body's first defense against invading microorganisms, relying on the recognition of bacterial-derived small molecules by host protein receptors. This recognition event and downstream immune response rely heavily on the specific chemical features of both the innate immune receptors and their bacterial derived ligands. This review presents a chemist's perspective on some of the most crucial and complex components of two receptors (NOD1 and NOD2): starting from the structural and chemical characteristics of bacterial-derived small molecules, to the specific proposed models of molecular recognition of these molecules by immune receptors, to the subsequent post-translational modifications that ultimately dictate downstream immune signaling. Recent advances in the field are discussed, as well as the potential for the development of targeted therapeutics.
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50
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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