1
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Guercio AM, Gilio AK, Pawlak J, Shabek N. Structural insights into rice KAI2 receptor provide functional implications for perception and signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2024:107593. [PMID: 39032651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
KAI2 receptors, classified as plant α/β hydrolase enzymes, are capable of perceiving smoke-derived butenolide signals and endogenous, yet unidentified KAI2-ligands (KLs). While the number of functional KAI2 receptors varies among land plant species, rice has only one KAI2 gene. Rice, a significant crop and representative of grasses, relies on KAI2-mediated Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses to flourish in traditionally arid and nutrient-poor environments. This study presents the first crystal structure of an active rice (Oryza sativa, Os) KAI2 hydrolase receptor. Our structural and biochemical analyses uncover grass-unique pocket residues influencing ligand sensitivity and hydrolytic activity. Through structure-guided analysis, we identify a specific residue whose mutation enables the increase or decrease of ligand perception, catalytic activity, and signal transduction. Furthermore, we investigate OsKAI2-mediated signaling by examining its ability to form a complex with its binding partner, the F-box protein DWARF3 (D3) ubiquitin ligase and subsequent degradation of the target substrate OsSMAX1, demonstrating the significant role of hydrophobic interactions in the OsKAI2-D3 interface. This study provides new insights into the diverse and pivotal roles of the OsKAI2 signaling pathway in the plant kingdom, particularly in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, The College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amelia K Gilio
- Department of Plant Biology, The College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jacob Pawlak
- Department of Plant Biology, The College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, The College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
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2
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Daignan-Fornier S, Keita A, Boyer FD. Chemistry of Strigolactones, Key Players in Plant Communication. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400133. [PMID: 38607659 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Today, the use of artificial pesticides is questionable and the adaptation to global warming is a necessity. The promotion of favorable natural interactions in the rhizosphere offers interesting perspectives for changing the type of agriculture. Strigolactones (SLs), the latest class of phytohormones to be discovered, are also chemical mediators in the rhizosphere. We present in this review the diversity of natural SLs, their analogs, mimics, and probes essential for the biological studies of this class of compounds. Their biosynthesis and access by organic synthesis are highlighted especially concerning noncanonical SLs, the more recently discovered natural SLs. Organic synthesis of analogs, stable isotope-labeled standards, mimics, and probes are also reviewed here. In the last part, the knowledge about the SL perception is described as well as the different inhibitors of SL receptors that have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Daignan-Fornier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoinette Keita
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Du L, Li X, Ding Y, Ma D, Yu C, Duan L. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivities of N-Heterocyclic Ureas as Strigolactone Response Antagonists against Parasitic-Weed Seed Germination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38593208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The pernicious parasitism exhibited by root parasitic weeds such as Orobanche and Striga poses substantial peril to agricultural productivity and global food security. This deleterious phenomenon hinges upon the targeted induction of the signaling molecule strigolactones (SLs). Consequently, the identification of prospective SL antagonists holds significant promise in the realm of mitigating the infection of these pernicious weeds. In this study, we synthesized and characterized D12 based on a potent SL antagonist KK094. In vivo assay results demonstrated that D12 remarkably impedes the germination of Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Striga asiatica seeds, while also alleviating the inhibitory consequence of the SL analogue GR24 on hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The docking study and ITC assay indicated that D12 can interact strongly with the SL receptor protein, which may interfere with the binding of SL to the receptor protein as a result. In addition, the results of crop safety assessment tests showed that D12 had no adverse effects on rice seed germination and seedling growth and development. The outcomes obtained from the present study suggested that D12 exhibited promise as a prospective antagonist of SL receptors, thereby displaying substantial efficacy in impeding the seed germination process of root parasitic weeds, providing a promising basis for rational design and development of further Striga-specific herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunxin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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4
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Du L, Li X, Ding Y, Ma D, Yu C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Duan L. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenyl-Substituted Naphthoic Acid Ethyl Ester Derivatives as Strigolactone Receptor Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3902. [PMID: 38612714 PMCID: PMC11012203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate several key agronomic traits, including shoot branching, leaf senescence, and stress tolerance. The artificial regulation of SL biosynthesis and signaling has been considered as a potent strategy in regulating plant architecture and combatting the infection of parasitic weeds to help improve crop yield. DL1b is a previously reported SL receptor inhibitor molecule that significantly promotes shoot branching. Here, we synthesized 18 novel compounds based on the structure of DL1b. We performed rice tillering activity assay and selected a novel small molecule, C6, as a candidate SL receptor inhibitor. In vitro bioassays demonstrated that C6 possesses various regulatory functions as an SL inhibitor, including inhibiting germination of the root parasitic seeds Phelipanche aegyptiaca, delaying leaf senescence and promoting hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis. ITC analysis and molecular docking experiments further confirmed that C6 can interact with SL receptor proteins, thereby interfering with the binding of SL to its receptor. Therefore, C6 is considered a novel SL receptor inhibitor with potential applications in plant architecture control and prevention of root parasitic weed infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.D.); (Y.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Xingjia Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yimin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.D.); (Y.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.D.); (Y.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Chunxin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziyan Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.D.); (Y.D.); (D.M.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
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5
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Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3628. [PMID: 37896091 PMCID: PMC10610460 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. This review provides an extensive overview of the genetic, plant hormonal, and environmental factors that regulate shoot branching in several plant species, including rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and wheat. We especially highlight the central role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a key gene in orchestrating bud outgrowth. In addition, we discuss how the phytohormones cytokinins, strigolactones, and auxin interact to regulate tillering/branching. We also shed light on the involvement of sugar, an integral component of plant development, which can impact bud outgrowth in both trophic and signaling ways. Finally, we emphasize the substantial influence of environmental factors, such as light, temperature, water availability, biotic stresses, and nutrients, on shoot branching. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaced regulatory mechanisms that underpin shoot branching and highlights the adaptable nature of plants to survive and persist in fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Said Khourchi
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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6
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Guercio AM, Palayam M, Shabek N. Strigolactones: diversity, perception, and hydrolysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:339-360. [PMID: 37201177 PMCID: PMC10191409 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a unique and novel class of phytohormones that regulate numerous processes of growth and development in plants. Besides their endogenous functions as hormones, SLs are exuded by plant roots to stimulate critical interactions with symbiotic fungi but can also be exploited by parasitic plants to trigger their seed germination. In the past decade, since their discovery as phytohormones, rapid progress has been made in understanding the SL biosynthesis and signaling pathway. Of particular interest are the diversification of natural SLs and their exact mode of perception, selectivity, and hydrolysis by their dedicated receptors in plants. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of SL perception with a focus on the diversity of canonical, non-canonical, and synthetic SL probes. Moreover, this review offers useful structural insights into SL perception, the precise molecular adaptations that define receptor-ligand specificities, and the mechanisms of SL hydrolysis and its attenuation by downstream signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Ito S. Recent advances in the regulation of root parasitic weed damage by strigolactone-related chemicals. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:247-255. [PMID: 36610999 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds such as Striga spp. and Orobanche spp. dramatically reduce the yields of important agricultural crops and cause economic losses of over billions of US dollars worldwide. One reason for the damage by root parasitic weeds is that they germinate after specifically recognizing the host cues, strigolactones (SLs). SLs were identified ˃50 years ago as germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds, and various studies have been conducted to control parasitic weeds using SLs and related chemicals. Recently, biochemical and molecular biological approaches have revealed the SL biosynthesis and SL receptors; using these findings, various SL-related chemicals have been developed. This review summarizes recent research on SLs and their related chemicals for controlling root parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Kleman J, Matusova R. Strigolactones: Current research progress in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Xi J, Lei B, Liu Y, Ding Z, Liu J, Xu T, Hou L, Han S, Qian X, Ma Y, Xue Q, Gao J, Gu J, Tiedje JM, Lin Y. Microbial community roles and chemical mechanisms in the parasitic development of Orobanche cumana. IMETA 2022; 1:e31. [PMID: 38868712 PMCID: PMC10989955 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a holoparasite weed that extracts water and nutrients from its host the sunflower, thereby causing yield reductions and quality losses. However, the number of O. cumana parasites in the same farmland is distinctly different. The roots of some hosts have been heavily parasitized, while others have not been parasitized. What are the factors contributing to this phenomenon? Is it possible that sunflower interroot microorganisms are playing a regulatory role in this phenomenon? The role of the microbial community in this remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the rhizosphere soil microbiome for sunflowers with different degrees of O. cumana parasitism, that is, healthy, light infection, moderate infection, and severe infection on the sunflower roots. The microbial structures differed significantly according to the degree of parasitism, where Xanthomonadaceae was enriched in severe infections. Metagenomic analyses revealed that amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolism were increased in the rhizosphere soils of severely infected sunflowers, which were attributed to the proliferation of Lysobacter. Lysobacter antibioticus (HX79) was isolated and its capacity to promote O. cumana seed germination and increase the germ tube length was confirmed by germination and pot experiments. Cyclo(Pro-Val), an active metabolite of strain HX79, was identified and metabolomic and molecular docking approaches confirmed it was responsible for promoting O. cumana seed germination and growth. And we found that Pseudomonas mandelii HX1 inhibited the growth of O. cumana in the host rhizosphere soil. Our findings clarify the role of rhizosphere microbiota in regulating the parasite O. cumana to possibly facilitate the development of a new weed suppression strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xi
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Beilei Lei
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of BioinformaticsNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yong‐Xin Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zanbo Ding
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Tengqi Xu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Siqi Han
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xun Qian
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yongqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land FarmingInstitute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Quanhong Xue
- College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical BiologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Gu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Center for Microbial EcologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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10
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Kawada K, Koyama T, Takahashi I, Nakamura H, Asami T. Emerging technologies for the chemical control of root parasitic weeds. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:101-110. [PMID: 36479457 PMCID: PMC9706279 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family include devastating weed species, such as Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche, which parasitize major crops, drastically reduces crop yields and cause economic losses of over a billion US dollars worldwide. Advances in basic research on molecular and cellular processes responsible for parasitic relationships has now achieved steady progress through advances in genome analysis, biochemical analysis and structural biology. On the basis of these advances it is now possible to develop chemicals that control parasitism and reduce agricultural damage. In this review we summarized the recent development of chemicals that can control each step of parasitism from strigolactone biosynthesis in host plants to haustorium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Kawada
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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11
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Probing strigolactone perception mechanisms with rationally designed small-molecule agonists stimulating germination of root parasitic weeds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3987. [PMID: 35810153 PMCID: PMC9271048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of potent strigolactone (SL) agonists as suicidal germination inducers could be a useful strategy for controlling root parasitic weeds, but uncertainty about the SL perception mechanism impedes real progress. Here we describe small-molecule agonists that efficiently stimulate Phelipanchce aegyptiaca, and Striga hermonthica, germination in concentrations as low as 10−8 to 10−17 M. We show that full efficiency of synthetic SL agonists in triggering signaling through the Striga SL receptor, ShHTL7, depends on the receptor-catalyzed hydrolytic reaction of the agonists. Additionally, we reveal that the stereochemistry of synthetic SL analogs affects the hydrolytic ability of ShHTL7 by influencing the probability of the privileged conformations of ShHTL7. Importantly, an alternative ShHTL7-mediated hydrolysis mechanism, proceeding via nucleophilic attack of the NE2 atom of H246 to the 2′C of the D-ring, is reported. Together, our findings provide insight into SL hydrolysis and structure-perception mechanisms, and potent suicide germination stimulants, which would contribute to the elimination of the noxious parasitic weeds. Strigolactone agonists could potentially help control noxious weeds by promoting suicidal germination. Here the authors describe a series of small molecule agonists that stimulate germination via the Striga ShHTL7 receptor and show that stereochemistry and hydrolysis-independent signalling mediate potency.
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12
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de Saint Germain A, Clavé G, Schouveiler P, Pillot JP, Singh AV, Chevalier A, Daignan Fornier S, Guillory A, Bonhomme S, Rameau C, Boyer FD. Expansion of the Strigolactone Profluorescent Probes Repertory: The Right Probe for the Right Application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887347. [PMID: 35720613 PMCID: PMC9201908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are intriguing phytohormones that not only regulate plant development and architecture but also interact with other organisms in the rhizosphere as root parasitic plants (Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Starting with a pioneering work in 2003 for the isolation and identification of the SL receptor in parasitic weeds, fluorescence labeling of analogs has proven a major strategy to gain knowledge in SL perception and signaling. Here, we present novel chemical tools for understanding the SL perception based on the enzymatic properties of SL receptors. We designed different profluorescent SL Guillaume Clavé (GC) probes and performed structure-activity relationship studies on pea, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Physcomitrium (formerly Physcomitrella) patens. The binding of the GC probes to PsD14/RMS3, AtD14, and OsD14 proteins was tested. We demonstrated that coumarin-based profluorescent probes were highly bioactive and well-adapted to dissect the enzymatic properties of SL receptors in pea and a resorufin profluorescent probe in moss, contrary to the commercially available fluorescein profluorescent probe, Yoshimulactone Green (YLG). These probes offer novel opportunities for the studies of SL in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Clavé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul Schouveiler
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Abhay-Veer Singh
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Suzanne Daignan Fornier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ambre Guillory
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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13
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Arellano-Saab A, McErlean CSP, Lumba S, Savchenko A, Stogios PJ, McCourt P. A novel strigolactone receptor antagonist provides insights into the structural inhibition, conditioning, and germination of the crop parasite Striga. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101734. [PMID: 35181340 PMCID: PMC9035408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop parasites of the Striga genera are a major biological deterrent to food security in Africa and are one of the largest obstacles to poverty alleviation on the continent. Striga seeds germinate by sensing small-molecule hormones, strigolactones (SLs), that emanate from host roots. Although SL receptors (Striga hermonthica HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT [ShHTL]) have been identified, discerning their function has been difficult because these parasites cannot be easily grown under laboratory conditions. Moreover, many Striga species are obligate outcrossers that are not transformable, hence not amenable to genetic analysis. By combining phenotypic screening with ShHTL structural information and hybrid drug discovery methods, we discovered a potent SL perception inhibitor for Striga, dormirazine (DOZ). Structural analysis of this piperazine-based antagonist reveals a novel binding mechanism, distinct from that of known SLs, blocking access of the hormone to its receptor. Furthermore, DOZ reduces the flexibility of protein–protein interaction domains important for receptor signaling to downstream partners. In planta, we show, via temporal additions of DOZ, that SL receptors are required at a specific time during seed conditioning. This conditioning is essential to prime seed germination at the right time; thus, this SL-sensitive stage appears to be critical for adequate receptor signaling. Aside from uncovering a function for ShHTL during seed conditioning, these results suggest that future Ag-Biotech Solutions to Striga infestations will need to carefully time the application of antagonists to exploit receptor availability and outcompete natural SLs, critical elements for successful parasitic plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arellano-Saab
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto. Toronto, ON. M5S 3E5, Canada
| | | | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto. Toronto, ON. M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter J Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto. Toronto, ON. M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada
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14
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Zarban RA, Hameed UFS, Jamil M, Ota T, Wang JY, Arold ST, Asami T, Al-Babili S. Rational design of Striga hermonthica-specific seed germination inhibitors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1369-1384. [PMID: 34850204 PMCID: PMC8825254 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The obligate hemiparasitic weed Striga hermonthica grows on cereal roots and presents a severe threat to global food security by causing enormous yield losses, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The rapidly increasing Striga seed bank in infested soils provides a major obstacle in controlling this weed. Striga seeds require host-derived strigolactones (SLs) for germination, and corresponding antagonists could be used as germination inhibitors. Recently, we demonstrated that the common detergent Triton X-100 is a specific inhibitor of Striga seed germination by binding noncovalently to its receptor, S. hermonthica HYPO-SENSITIVE TO LIGHT 7 (ShHTL7), without blocking the rice (Oryza sativa) SL receptor DWARF14 (OsD14). Moreover, triazole ureas, the potent covalently binding antagonists of rice SL perception with much higher activity toward OsD14, showed inhibition of Striga but were less specific. Considering that Triton X-100 is not suitable for field application and by combining structural elements of Triton and triazole urea, we developed two hybrid compounds, KK023-N1 and KK023-N2, as potential Striga-specific germination inhibitors. Both compounds blocked the hydrolysis activity of ShHTL7 but did not affect that of OsD14. Binding of KK023-N1 diminished ShHTL7 interaction with S. hermonthica MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 2, a major component in SL signal transduction, and increased ShHTL7 thermal specificity. Docking studies indicate that KK023-N1 binding is not covalent but is caused by hydrophobic interactions. Finally, in vitro and greenhouse tests revealed specific inhibition of Striga seed germination, which led to a 38% reduction in Striga infestation in pot experiments. These findings reveal that KK023-N1 is a potential candidate for combating Striga and a promising basis for rational design and development of further Striga-specific herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa A Zarban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar F Shahul Hameed
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tsuyoshi Ota
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jian You Wang
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Tadao Asami
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Author for communication:
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15
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Chen J, White A, Nelson DC, Shukla D. Role of substrate recognition in modulating strigolactone receptor selectivity in witchweed. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101092. [PMID: 34437903 PMCID: PMC8487064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Witchweed, or Striga hermonthica, is a parasitic weed that destroys billions of dollars' worth of crops globally every year. Its germination is stimulated by strigolactones exuded by its host plants. Despite high sequence, structure, and ligand-binding site conservation across different plant species, one strigolactone receptor in witchweed, ShHTL7, uniquely exhibits a picomolar EC50 for downstream signaling. Previous biochemical and structural analyses have hypothesized that this unique ligand sensitivity can be attributed to a large binding pocket volume in ShHTL7 resulting in enhanced ability to bind substrates, but additional structural details of the substrate-binding process would help explain its role in modulating the ligand selectivity. Using long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that mutations at the entrance of the binding pocket facilitate a more direct ligand-binding pathway to ShHTL7, whereas hydrophobicity at the binding pocket entrance results in a stable “anchored” state. We also demonstrate that several residues on the D-loop of AtD14 stabilize catalytically inactive conformations. Finally, we show that strigolactone selectivity is not modulated by binding pocket volume. Our results indicate that while ligand binding is not the sole modulator of strigolactone receptor selectivity, it is a significant contributing factor. These results can be used to inform the design of selective antagonists for strigolactone receptors in witchweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandra White
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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16
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Braguy J, Ramazanova M, Giancola S, Jamil M, Kountche BA, Zarban R, Felemban A, Wang JY, Lin PY, Haider I, Zurbriggen M, Ghanem B, Al-Babili S. SeedQuant: a deep learning-based tool for assessing stimulant and inhibitor activity on root parasitic seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1632-1644. [PMID: 33856485 PMCID: PMC8260127 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanchaceae and Phelipanche spp.) are root parasitic plants that infest many crops in warm and temperate zones, causing enormous yield losses and endangering global food security. Seeds of these obligate parasites require rhizospheric, host-released stimulants to germinate, which opens up possibilities for controlling them by applying specific germination inhibitors or synthetic stimulants that induce lethal germination in the host's absence. To determine their effect on germination, root exudates or synthetic stimulants/inhibitors are usually applied to parasitic seeds in in vitro bioassays, followed by assessment of germination ratios. Although these protocols are very sensitive, the germination recording process is laborious, representing a challenge for researchers and impeding high-throughput screens. Here, we developed an automatic seed census tool to count and discriminate germinated seeds (GS) from non-GS. We combined deep learning, a powerful data-driven framework that can accelerate the procedure and increase its accuracy, for object detection with computer vision latest development based on the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. Our method showed an accuracy of 94% in counting seeds of Striga hermonthica and reduced the required time from approximately 5 min to 5 s per image. Our proposed software, SeedQuant, will be of great help for seed germination bioassays and enable high-throughput screening for germination stimulants/inhibitors. SeedQuant is an open-source software that can be further trained to count different types of seeds for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Braguy
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Merey Ramazanova
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, Image and Video Understanding Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvio Giancola
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, Image and Video Understanding Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Zarban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Felemban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matias Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Bernard Ghanem
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, Image and Video Understanding Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wang Y, Yao R, Du X, Guo L, Chen L, Xie D, Smith SM. Molecular basis for high ligand sensitivity and selectivity of strigolactone receptors in Striga. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1411-1428. [PMID: 33793945 PMCID: PMC8133601 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica can sense very low concentrations of strigolactones (SLs) exuded from host roots. The S. hermonthica hyposensitive to light (ShHTL) proteins are putative SL receptors, among which ShHTL7 reportedly confers sensitivity to picomolar levels of SL when expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ShHTL7 sensitivity is unknown. Here we determined the ShHTL7 crystal structure and quantified its interactions with various SLs and key interacting proteins. We established that ShHTL7 has an active-site pocket with broad-spectrum response to different SLs and moderate affinity. However, in contrast to other ShHTLs, we observed particularly high affinity of ShHTL7 for F-box protein AtMAX2. Furthermore, ShHTL7 interacted with AtMAX2 and with transcriptional regulator AtSMAX1 in response to nanomolar SL concentration. ShHTL7 mutagenesis analyses identified surface residues that contribute to its high-affinity binding to AtMAX2 and residues in the ligand binding pocket that confer broad-spectrum response to SLs with various structures. Crucially, yeast-three hybrid experiments showed that AtMAX2 confers responsiveness of the ShHTL7-AtSMAX1 interaction to picomolar levels of SL in line with the previously reported physiological sensitivity. These findings highlight the key role of SL-induced MAX2-ShHTL7-SMAX1 complex formation in determining the sensitivity to SL. Moreover, these data suggest a strategy to screen for compounds that could promote suicidal seed germination at physiologically relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxi Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lvjun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Steven M Smith
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Nelson DC. The mechanism of host-induced germination in root parasitic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1353-1373. [PMID: 33793958 PMCID: PMC8133615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemical signals known as strigolactones (SLs) were discovered more than 50 years ago as host-derived germination stimulants of parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae. Strigolactone-responsive germination is an essential adaptation of obligate parasites in this family, which depend upon a host for survival. Several species of obligate parasites, including witchweeds (Striga, Alectra spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche, Phelipanche spp.), are highly destructive agricultural weeds that pose a significant threat to global food security. Understanding how parasites sense SLs and other host-derived stimulants will catalyze the development of innovative chemical and biological control methods. This review synthesizes the recent discoveries of strigolactone receptors in parasitic Orobanchaceae, their signaling mechanism, and key steps in their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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19
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Jamil M, Kountche BA, Al-Babili S. Current progress in Striga management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1339-1352. [PMID: 33793943 PMCID: PMC8133620 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Striga, particularly S. he rmonthica, problem has become a major threat to food security, exacerbating hunger and poverty in many African countries. A number of Striga control strategies have been proposed and tested during the past decade, however, further research efforts are still needed to provide sustainable and effective solutions to the Striga problem. In this paper, we provide an update on the recent progress and the approaches used in Striga management, and highlight emerging opportunities for developing new technologies to control this enigmatic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Author for communication:
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20
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Miyakawa T, Xu Y, Tanokura M. Molecular basis of strigolactone perception in root-parasitic plants: aiming to control its germination with strigolactone agonists/antagonists. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1103-1113. [PMID: 31587093 PMCID: PMC11104851 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Striga, also called "witchweed", is a member of the family Orobanchaceae, which is a major family of root-parasitic plants. Striga can lead to the formation of seed stocks in the soil and to explosive expansion with enormous seed production and stability once the crops they parasitize are cultivated. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the communication between Striga and their host plants through natural seed germination stimulants, "strigolactones (SLs)", is required to develop the technology for Striga control. This review outlines recent findings on the SL perception mechanism, which have been accumulated in Striga hermonthica by the similarity of the protein components that regulate SL signaling in nonparasitic model plants, including Arabidopsis and rice. HTL/KAI2 homologs were identified as SL receptors in the process of Striga seed germination. Recently, this molecular basis has further promoted the development of various types of SL agonists/antagonists as seed germination stimulants or inhibitors. Such chemical compounds are also useful to elucidate the dynamic behavior of SL receptors and the regulation of SL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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21
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Masteling R, Voorhoeve L, IJsselmuiden J, Dini-Andreote F, de Boer W, Raaijmakers JM. DiSCount: computer vision for automated quantification of Striga seed germination. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:60. [PMID: 32377220 PMCID: PMC7195706 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant parasitic weeds belonging to the genus Striga are a major threat for food production in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The parasite's life cycle starts with the induction of seed germination by host plant-derived signals, followed by parasite attachment, infection, outgrowth, flowering, reproduction, seed set and dispersal. Given the small seed size of the parasite (< 200 μm), quantification of the impact of new control measures that interfere with seed germination relies on manual, labour-intensive counting of seed batches under the microscope. Hence, there is a need for high-throughput assays that allow for large-scale screening of compounds or microorganisms that adversely affect Striga seed germination. RESULTS Here, we introduce DiSCount (Digital Striga Counter): a computer vision tool for automated quantification of total and germinated Striga seed numbers in standard glass fibre filter assays. We developed the software using a machine learning approach trained with a dataset of 98 manually annotated images. Then, we validated and tested the model against a total dataset of 188 manually counted images. The results showed that DiSCount has an average error of 3.38 percentage points per image compared to the manually counted dataset. Most importantly, DiSCount achieves a 100 to 3000-fold speed increase in image analysis when compared to manual analysis, with an inference time of approximately 3 s per image on a single CPU and 0.1 s on a GPU. CONCLUSIONS DiSCount is accurate and efficient in quantifying total and germinated Striga seeds in a standardized germination assay. This automated computer vision tool enables for high-throughput, large-scale screening of chemical compound libraries and biological control agents of this devastating parasitic weed. The complete software and manual are hosted at https://gitlab.com/lodewijk-track32/discount_paper and the archived version is available at Zenodo with the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3627138. The dataset used for testing is available at Zenodo with the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3403956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Masteling
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk Voorhoeve
- Track32, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA USA
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Chair Group Soil Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M. Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Masteling R, Lombard L, de Boer W, Raaijmakers JM, Dini-Andreote F. Harnessing the microbiome to control plant parasitic weeds. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 49:26-33. [PMID: 31654911 PMCID: PMC6906922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes have an unexplored potential to control root parasitic weeds. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbes can control parasitic weeds is largely elusive. Members of the root microbiome can interfere with host-parasite chemical communication. Direct and indirect modes of action can work synergistically in microbe-mediated weed control.
Microbiomes can significantly expand the genomic potential of plants, contributing to nutrient acquisition, plant growth promotion and tolerance to (a)biotic stresses. Among biotic stressors, root parasitic weeds (RPWs), mainly of the genera Orobanche, Phelipanche and Striga, are major yield-limiting factors of a wide range of staple crops, particularly in developing countries. Here, we provide a conceptual synthesis of putative mechanisms by which soil and plant microbiomes could be harnessed to control RPWs. These mechanisms are partitioned in direct and indirect modes of action and discussed in the context of past and present studies on microbe-mediated suppression of RPWs. Specific emphasis is given to the large but yet unexplored potential of root-associated microorganisms to interfere with the chemical signalling cascade between the host plant and the RPWs. We further provide concepts and ideas for future research directions and prospective designs of novel control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Masteling
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenzo Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Chair Group Soil Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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23
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Chemical synthesis and characterization of a new quinazolinedione competitive antagonist for strigolactone receptors with an unexpected binding mode. Biochem J 2019; 476:1843-1856. [PMID: 31186286 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant hormones regulating essential physiological processes affecting growth and development. In vascular plants, SLs are recognized by α/β hydrolase-fold proteins from the D14/DAD2 (Dwarf14/Decreased Apical Dominance 2) family in the initial step of the signaling pathway. We have previously discovered that N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives (e.g. tolfenamic acid) are potent antagonists of SL receptors, prompting us to design quinazolinone and quinazolinedione derivatives (QADs and QADDs, respectively) as second-generation antagonists. Initial in silico docking studies suggested that these compounds would bind to DAD2, the petunia SL receptor, with higher affinity than the first-generation compounds. However, only one of the QADs/QADDs tested in in vitro assays acted as a competitive antagonist of SL receptors, with reduced affinity and potency compared with its N-phenylanthranilic acid 'parent'. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the binding mode of the active QADD inside DAD2's cavity was not that predicted in silico, highlighting a novel inhibition mechanism for SL receptors. Despite a ∼10-fold difference in potency in vitro, the QADD and tolfenamic acid had comparable activity in planta, suggesting that the QADD compensates for lower potency with increased bioavailability. Altogether, our results establish this QADD as a novel lead compound towards the development of potent and bioavailable antagonists of SL receptors.
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Waters MT. Spoilt for Choice: New Options for Inhibitors of Strigolactone Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:21-23. [PMID: 30513350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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25
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Nakamura H, Hirabayashi K, Miyakawa T, Kikuzato K, Hu W, Xu Y, Jiang K, Takahashi I, Niiyama R, Dohmae N, Tanokura M, Asami T. Triazole Ureas Covalently Bind to Strigolactone Receptor and Antagonize Strigolactone Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:44-58. [PMID: 30391752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, a class of plant hormones with multiple functions, mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications in the rhizosphere. In this study, we developed potent strigolactone antagonists, which covalently bind to the strigolactone receptor D14, by preparing an array of triazole urea compounds. Using yeast two-hybrid and rice-tillering assays, we identified a triazole urea compound KK094 as a potent inhibitor of strigolactone receptors. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and X-ray crystallography revealed that KK094 was hydrolyzed by D14, and that a reaction product of this degradation covalently binds to the Ser residue of the catalytic triad of D14. Furthermore, we identified two triazole urea compounds KK052 and KK073, whose effects on D14-D53/D14-SLR1 complex formation were opposite due to the absence (KK052) or presence (KK073) of a trifluoromethyl group on their phenyl ring. These results demonstrate that triazole urea compounds are potentially powerful tools for agricultural application and may be useful for the elucidation of the complicated mechanism underlying strigolactone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Kikuzato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ruri Niiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Jamil M, Kountche B, Haider I, Wang J, Aldossary F, Zarban R, Jia KP, Yonli D, Shahul Hameed U, Takahashi I, Ota T, Arold S, Asami T, Al-Babili S. Methylation at the C-3' in D-Ring of Strigolactone Analogs Reduces Biological Activity in Root Parasitic Plants and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 31001294 PMCID: PMC6455008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant development and induce seed germination in obligate root parasitic weeds, e.g. Striga spp. Because organic synthesis of natural SLs is laborious, there is a large need for easy-to-synthesize and efficient analogs. Here, we investigated the effect of a structural modification of the D-ring, a conserved structural element in SLs. We synthesized and investigated the activity of two analogs, MP13 and MP26, which differ from previously published AR8 and AR36 only in the absence of methylation at C-3'. The de-methylated MP13 and MP26 were much more efficient in regulating plant development and inducing Striga seed germination, compared with AR8. Hydrolysis assays performed with purified Striga SL receptor and docking of AR8 and MP13 to the corresponding active site confirmed and explained the higher activity. Field trials performed in a naturally Striga-infested African farmer's field unraveled MP13 as a promising candidate for combating Striga by inducing germination in host's absence. Our findings demonstrate that methylation of the C-3' in D-ring in SL analogs has a negative impact on their activity and identify MP13 and, particularly, MP26 as potent SL analogs with simple structures, which can be employed to control Striga, a major threat to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A. Kountche
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aldossary
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A. Zarban
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djibril Yonli
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Umar F. Shahul Hameed
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ota
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Salim Al-Babili,
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Uraguchi D, Kuwata K, Hijikata Y, Yamaguchi R, Imaizumi H, AM S, Rakers C, Mori N, Akiyama K, Irle S, McCourt P, Kinoshita T, Ooi T, Tsuchiya Y. A femtomolar-range suicide germination stimulant for the parasitic plantStriga hermonthica. Science 2018; 362:1301-1305. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic plantStriga hermonthicahas been causing devastating damage to the crop production in Africa. BecauseStrigarequires host-generated strigolactones to germinate, the identification of selective and potent strigolactone agonists could help control these noxious weeds. We developed a selective agonist, sphynolactone-7, a hybrid molecule originated from chemical screening, that contains two functional modules derived from a synthetic scaffold and a core component of strigolactones. Cooperative action of these modules in the activation of a high-affinity strigolactone receptor ShHTL7 allows sphynolactone-7 to provokeStrigagermination with potency in the femtomolar range. We demonstrate that sphynolactone-7 is effective for reducingStrigaparasitism without impinging on host strigolactone-related processes.
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28
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Jiang K, Asami T. Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1265-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1462693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Takeuchi J, Jiang K, Hirabayashi K, Imamura Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Miyakawa T, Nakamura H, Tanokura M, Asami T. Rationally Designed Strigolactone Analogs as Antagonists of the D14 Receptor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1545-1554. [PMID: 29727000 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and act as signals in communications with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds in the rhizosphere. SL signaling is mediated by DWARF14 (D14), which is an α/β-hydrolase that cleaves SLs into an ABC tricyclic lactone and a butenolide group (i.e. D-ring). This cleavage reaction (hydrolysis and dissociation) is important for inducing the interaction between D14 and its target proteins, including D3 and D53. In this study, a hydrolysis-resistant SL analog was predicted to inhibit the activation of the D14 receptor, thereby disrupting the SL signaling pathway. To test this prediction, carba-SL compounds, in which the ether oxygen of the D-ring or the phenol ether oxygen of the SL agonist (GR24 or 4-bromo debranone) was replaced with a methylene group, were synthesized as novel D14 antagonists. Subsequent biochemical and physiological studies indicated that carba-SLs blocked the interaction between D14 and D53 by inhibiting D14 hydrolytic activity. They also suppressed the SL-induced inhibition of rice tiller outgrowths. Additionally, carba-SLs antagonized the SL response in a Striga parasitic weed species. Structural analyses revealed that the D-ring of 7'-carba-4BD was hydrolyzed by D14 but did not dissociate from the 4BD skeleton. Thus, 7'-carba-4BD functioned as an antagonist rather than an agonist. Thus, the hydrolysis of the D-ring of SLs may be insufficient for activating the receptor. This study provides data relevant to designing SL receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Imamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yashan Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Tsuchiya Y. Small Molecule Toolbox for Strigolactone Biology. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1511-1519. [PMID: 29931079 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones associated with diverse developmental processes including plant architecture and stress responses. SLs are exuded to the soil as an ecological signal to attract symbiotic arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. This ecological mechanism is also used by parasitic plants to detect the presence of host plants and initiate germination. The functional diversity of SLs makes SL biology so extensive that a single methodology is not sufficient to comprehend it. This review describes the theoretical and practical aspects of the design of small molecule probes that have been used to elucidate the functions of SLs. The lessons from the development of small molecules to tackle the unique questions in SL biology might be instructive in the extending field of chemical biology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Shahul Hameed U, Haider I, Jamil M, Kountche BA, Guo X, Zarban RA, Kim D, Al-Babili S, Arold ST. Structural basis for specific inhibition of the highly sensitive ShHTL7 receptor. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745619. [PMID: 30021834 PMCID: PMC6123649 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is a root parasitic plant that infests cereals, decimating yields, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. For germination, Striga seeds require host‐released strigolactones that are perceived by the family of HYPOSENSITIVE to LIGHT (ShHTL) receptors. Inhibiting seed germination would thus be a promising approach for combating Striga. However, there are currently no strigolactone antagonists that specifically block ShHTLs and do not bind to DWARF14, the homologous strigolactone receptor of the host. Here, we show that the octyl phenol ethoxylate Triton X‐100 inhibits S. hermonthica seed germination without affecting host plants. High‐resolution X‐ray structures reveal that Triton X‐100 specifically plugs the catalytic pocket of ShHTL7. ShHTL7‐specific inhibition by Triton X‐100 demonstrates the dominant role of this particular ShHTL receptor for Striga germination. Our structural analysis provides a rationale for the broad specificity and high sensitivity of ShHTL7, and reveals that strigolactones trigger structural changes in ShHTL7 that are required for downstream signaling. Our findings identify Triton and the related 2‐[4‐(2,4,4‐trimethylpentan‐2‐yl)phenoxy]acetic acid as promising lead compounds for the rational design of efficient Striga‐specific herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Shahul Hameed
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianrong Guo
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A Zarban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Bioactives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Takahashi I, Asami T. Target-based selectivity of strigolactone agonists and antagonists in plants and their potential use in agriculture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2241-2254. [PMID: 29635308 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are small carotenoid-derived molecules that possess a wide spectrum of functions, including plant hormonal activities and chemical mediation of rhizosphere communication with both root parasitic plants and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chemicals that regulate the functions of SLs may therefore have the potential to become widely used in agricultural applications. For example, various SL analogs and mimics have been developed to reduce the seed banks of root parasites in the field. Other analogs and mimics act selectively to suppress branching, with weak, or no stimulation, of germination in root parasites. In addition, some antagonists for SL receptors have been developed based on the mechanisms of SL perception. A better understanding of the modes of action of SL perception by various receptors will help to support the design of SL analogs, mimics, and antagonists with high activity and selectivity. Here, we review the compounds reported so far from the viewpoint of their selectivity to their targets, and the possibilities for their use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Tsuchiya Y, Yoshimura M, Hagihara S. The dynamics of strigolactone perception in Striga hermonthica: a working hypothesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2281-2290. [PMID: 29474634 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived strigolactones have diverse functions at ecological scale, including effects upon the growth of plants themselves. The parasitic plants from the family Orobanchaceae interfere with the ecological and hormonal functions of strigolactones to generate unique germination abilities based on the sensing of host-derived strigolactones. Although the recent discovery of strigolactone receptors has enabled us to begin elucidating the mechanism of strigolactone perception, how perception relates to plant parasitism is still a mystery. In this review, we explore emerging questions by introducing recent advances in strigolactone research in parasitic plants. We also attempt to construct a conceptual framework for the unique in planta dynamics of strigolactone perception uncovered through the use of fluorescent probes for strigolactone receptors. Understanding the mechanisms of strigolactone-related processes is essential for controlling the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica, which has caused devastating damage to crop production in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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34
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Wang Y, Bouwmeester HJ. Structural diversity in the strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2219-2230. [PMID: 29522118 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of signalling molecules secreted by the roots of plants into the rhizosphere. On the one hand, they serve as the signal for recruiting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which have a symbiotic relationship with plants. On the other hand, they are also host detection signals for the non-symbiotic, pathogenic, root parasitic plants, which use the SLs as germination stimulants. Finally, recently the SLs were discovered to be a new class of plant hormones that regulate processes such as branching/tillering and root architecture. Intriguingly, >25 different SLs have already been discovered that all have the so-called D-ring but otherwise display many differences in structure and functional groups. In this review, we will critically discuss the structural diversity in the SLs. How are they synthesized in plants; how has this structural diversity possibly evolved; what is the biological relevance of this diversity; and what does this imply for the perception of the SLs by receptors in the plant itself and in other organisms? Finally, we conclude that only little is known about the biological significance of this structural diversity, and we will give an outlook on how to elucidate their importance further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Hamiaux C, Drummond RSM, Luo Z, Lee HW, Sharma P, Janssen BJ, Perry NB, Denny WA, Snowden KC. Inhibition of strigolactone receptors by N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives: Structural and functional insights. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The strigolactone (SL) family of plant hormones regulates a broad range of physiological processes affecting plant growth and development and also plays essential roles in controlling interactions with parasitic weeds and symbiotic fungi. Recent progress elucidating details of SL biosynthesis, signaling, and transport offers many opportunities for discovering new plant-growth regulators via chemical interference. Here, using high-throughput screening and downstream biochemical assays, we identified N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of the SL receptors from petunia (DAD2), rice (OsD14), and Arabidopsis (AtD14). Crystal structures of DAD2 and OsD14 in complex with inhibitors further provided detailed insights into the inhibition mechanism, and in silico modeling of 19 other plant strigolactone receptors suggested that these compounds are active across a large range of plant species. Altogether, these results provide chemical tools for investigating SL signaling and further define a framework for structure-based approaches to design and validate optimized inhibitors of SL receptors for specific plant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Hamiaux
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Prachi Sharma
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, and
| | - William A Denny
- the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Runo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric K. Kuria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Samejima H, Sugimoto Y. Recent research progress in combatting root parasitic weeds. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1420427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Samejima
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Holbrook-Smith D, McCourt P. Chemical Screening for Strigolactone Receptor Antagonists Using Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1795:117-126. [PMID: 29846923 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7874-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a class of terpenoid-based plant hormones that are best known for their role in the suppression of axillary branching. However, strigolactones also play a role as stimulants for the germination of parasitic plants of the genera Striga and Orobanche. This dual role for strigolactones as endogenous hormones and interspecies signaling molecules has led to significant research directed toward understanding mechanisms of strigolactone perception from both the perspective of host plants and of their parasites. Antagonists for strigolactone receptors serve as potentially important tools in both arenas. This document describes the procedures required to use phenotypic screening approaches to uncover likely strigolactone receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Holbrook-Smith
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Srivastava S, Sharma A. Study of microRNA mediated gene regulation in Striga hermonthica through in-silico approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Simple β-lactones are potent irreversible antagonists for strigolactone receptors. Cell Res 2017; 27:1525-1528. [PMID: 28820177 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Vorholt JA, Vogel C, Carlström CI, Müller DB. Establishing Causality: Opportunities of Synthetic Communities for Plant Microbiome Research. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:142-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a collection of related small molecules that act as hormones in plant growth and development. Intriguingly, SLs also act as ecological communicators between plants and mycorrhizal fungi and between host plants and a collection of parasitic plant species. In the case of mycorrhizal fungi, SLs exude into the soil from host roots to attract fungal hyphae for a beneficial interaction. In the case of parasitic plants, however, root-exuded SLs cause dormant parasitic plant seeds to germinate, thereby allowing the resulting seedling to infect the host and withdraw nutrients. Because a laboratory-friendly model does not exist for parasitic plants, researchers are currently using information gleaned from model plants like
Arabidopsis in combination with the chemical probes developed through chemical genetics to understand SL perception of parasitic plants. This work first shows that understanding SL signaling is useful in developing chemical probes that perturb SL perception. Second, it indicates that the chemical space available to probe SL signaling in both model and parasitic plants is sizeable. Because these parasitic pests represent a major concern for food insecurity in the developing world, there is great need for chemical approaches to uncover novel lead compounds that perturb parasitic plant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lumba
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Michael Bunsick
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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López-Ráez JA, Shirasu K, Foo E. Strigolactones in Plant Interactions with Beneficial and Detrimental Organisms: The Yin and Yang. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:527-537. [PMID: 28400173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that have important roles as modulators of plant development. They were originally described as ex planta signaling molecules in the rhizosphere that induce the germination of parasitic plants, a role that was later linked to encouraging the beneficial symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Recently, the focus has shifted to examining the role of SLs in plant-microbe interactions, and has revealed roles for SLs in the association of legumes with nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria and in interactions with disease-causing pathogens. Here, we examine the role of SLs in plant interactions with beneficial and detrimental organisms, and propose possible future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Lumba S, Holbrook-Smith D, McCourt P. The perception of strigolactones in vascular plants. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:599-606. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lumba S, Subha A, McCourt P. Found in Translation: Applying Lessons from Model Systems to Strigolactone Signaling in Parasitic Plants. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:556-565. [PMID: 28495334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are small molecules that act as endogenous hormones to regulate plant development as well as exogenous cues that help parasitic plants to infect their hosts. Given that parasitic plants are experimentally challenging systems, researchers are using two approaches to understand how they respond to host-derived SLs. The first involves extrapolating information on SLs from model genetic systems to dissect their roles in parasitic plants. The second uses chemicals to probe SL signaling directly in the parasite Striga hermonthica. These approaches indicate that parasitic plants have co-opted a family of α/β hydrolases to perceive SLs. The importance of this genetic and chemical information cannot be overstated since parasitic plant infestations are major obstacles to food security in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lumba
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Asrinus Subha
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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Hu Q, He Y, Wang L, Liu S, Meng X, Liu G, Jing Y, Chen M, Song X, Jiang L, Yu H, Wang B, Li J. DWARF14, A Receptor Covalently Linked with the Active Form of Strigolactones, Undergoes Strigolactone-Dependent Degradation in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1935. [PMID: 29170677 PMCID: PMC5684176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are the latest confirmed phytohormones that regulate shoot branching by inhibiting bud outgrowth in higher plants. Perception of SLs depends on a novel mechanism employing an enzyme-receptor DWARF14 (D14) that hydrolyzes SLs and becomes covalently modified. This stimulates the interaction between D14 and D3, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of the transcriptional repressor protein D53. However, the regulation of SL perception in rice remains elusive. In this study, we provide evidences that D14 is ubiquitinated after SL treatment and degraded through the 26S proteasome system. The Lys280 site of the D14 amino acid sequence was important for SL-induced D14 degradation, but did not change the subcellular localization of D14 nor disturbed the interaction between D14 and D3, nor D53 degradation. Biochemical and genetic analysis indicated that the key amino acids in the catalytic center of D14 were essential for D14 degradation. We further showed that D14 degradation is dependent on D3 and is tightly correlated with protein levels of D53. These findings revealed that D14 degradation takes place following D53 degradation and functions as an important feedback regulation mechanism of SL perception in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayang Li, Bing Wang,
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayang Li, Bing Wang,
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
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