1
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Stanford SM, Nguyen TP, Chang J, Zhao Z, Hackman GL, Santelli E, Sanders CM, Katiki M, Dondossola E, Brauer BL, Diaz MA, Zhan Y, Ramsey SH, Watson PA, Sankaran B, Paindelli C, Parietti V, Mikos AG, Lodi A, Bagrodia A, Elliott A, McKay RR, Murali R, Tiziani S, Kettenbach AN, Bottini N. Targeting prostate tumor low-molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase for oxidation-sensitizing therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg7887. [PMID: 38295166 PMCID: PMC10830117 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play major roles in cancer and are emerging as therapeutic targets. Recent reports suggest low-molecular weight PTP (LMPTP)-encoded by the ACP1 gene-is overexpressed in prostate tumors. We found ACP1 up-regulated in human prostate tumors and ACP1 expression inversely correlated with overall survival. Using CRISPR-Cas9-generated LMPTP knockout C4-2B and MyC-CaP cells, we identified LMPTP as a critical promoter of prostate cancer (PCa) growth and bone metastasis. Through metabolomics, we found that LMPTP promotes PCa cell glutathione synthesis by dephosphorylating glutathione synthetase on inhibitory Tyr270. PCa cells lacking LMPTP showed reduced glutathione, enhanced activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-mediated stress response, and enhanced reactive oxygen species after exposure to taxane drugs. LMPTP inhibition slowed primary and bone metastatic prostate tumor growth in mice. These findings reveal a role for LMPTP as a critical promoter of PCa growth and metastasis and validate LMPTP inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating PCa through sensitization to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany P. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G. Lavender Hackman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colton M. Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Michael A. Diaz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Sterling H. Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip A. Watson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Paindelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa Parietti
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rana R. McKay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Feng B, Zhang J, Liu Z, Xu Y, Hu H. Discovery and biological evaluation of novel dual PTP1B and ACP1 inhibitors for the treatment of insulin resistance. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117545. [PMID: 38070352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a virtual screening pipeline comprising ligand-based and structure-based approaches was established and applied for the identification of dual PTP1B and ACP1 inhibitors. As a result, a series of benzoic acid derivatives was discovered, and compound H3 and S6 demonstrated PTP1B and ACP1 inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 3.5 and 8.2 μM for PTP1B, and 2.5 and 5.2 μM for ACP1, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations illustrated that H3 interacted with critical residues in the active site, such as Cys215 and Arg221 for PTP1B, and Cys17 and Arg18 for ACP1. Enzymatic kinetic research indicated that identified inhibitors competitively inhibited PTP1B and ACP1. Additionally, cellular assays demonstrated that H3 and S6 effectively increased glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells while displaying very limited cytotoxicity at their effective concentrations. In summary, H3 and S6 represent novel dual-target inhibitors for PTP1B and ACP1, warranting further investigation as potential agents for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Huabin Hu
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Albani S, Polsinelli I, Mazzei L, Musiani F, Benini S. Determination and Kinetic Characterization of a New Potential Inhibitor for AmsI Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase from the Apple Pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Molecules 2023; 28:7774. [PMID: 38067503 PMCID: PMC10708540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a Gram-negative bacterium, responsible for the fire blight disease in Rosaceae plants. Its virulence is correlated with the production of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) called amylovoran, which protects the bacterium from the surrounding environment and helps its diffusion inside the host. Amylovoran biosynthesis relies on the expression of twelve genes clustered in the ams operon. One of these genes, amsI, encodes for a Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) called EaAmsI, which plays a key role in the regulation of the EPS production pathway. For this reason, EaAmsI was chosen in this work as a target for the development of new antibacterial agents against E. amylovora. To achieve this aim, a set of programs (DOCK6, OpenEye FRED) was selected to perform a virtual screening using a database of ca. 700 molecules. The six best-scoring compounds identified were tested in in vitro assays. A complete inhibition kinetic characterization carried out on the most promising molecule (n-Heptyl β-D-glucopyranoside, N7G) showed an inhibition constant of 7.8 ± 0.6 µM. This study represents an initial step towards the development of new EaAmsI inhibitors able to act as antibacterial agents against E. amylovora infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ivan Polsinelli
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl), Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefano Benini
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl), Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
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Wang J, Xue N, Pan W, Tu R, Li S, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Liu Y, Cheng H, Guo Y, Yuan W, Ni X, Wang M. Repurposing conformational changes in ANL superfamily enzymes to rapidly generate biosensors for organic and amino acids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6680. [PMID: 37865661 PMCID: PMC10590383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for detecting, real-time imaging, and quantifying molecules, but rapidly constructing diverse genetically encoded biosensors remains challenging. Here, we report a method to rapidly convert enzymes into genetically encoded circularly permuted fluorescent protein-based indicators to detect organic acids (GECFINDER). ANL superfamily enzymes undergo hinge-mediated ligand-coupling domain movement during catalysis. We introduce a circularly permuted fluorescent protein into enzymes hinges, converting ligand-induced conformational changes into significant fluorescence signal changes. We obtain 11 GECFINDERs for detecting phenylalanine, glutamic acid and other acids. GECFINDER-Phe3 and GECFINDER-Glu can efficiently and accurately quantify target molecules in biological samples in vitro. This method simplifies amino acid quantification without requiring complex equipment, potentially serving as point-of-care testing tools for clinical applications in low-resource environments. We also develop a GECFINDER-enabled droplet-based microfluidic high-throughput screening method for obtaining high-yield industrial strains. Our method provides a foundation for using enzymes as untapped blueprint resources for biosensor design, creation, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjia Pan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Tu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- College of Environmental and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 400067, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijiao Cheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ni
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China.
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Santos MFA, Pessoa JC. Interaction of Vanadium Complexes with Proteins: Revisiting the Reported Structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) since 2015. Molecules 2023; 28:6538. [PMID: 37764313 PMCID: PMC10536487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural determination and characterization of molecules, namely proteins and enzymes, is crucial to gaining a better understanding of their role in different chemical and biological processes. The continuous technical developments in the experimental and computational resources of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and, more recently, cryogenic Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) led to an enormous growth in the number of structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Bioinorganic chemistry arose as a relevant discipline in biology and therapeutics, with a massive number of studies reporting the effects of metal complexes on biological systems, with vanadium complexes being one of the relevant systems addressed. In this review, we focus on the interactions of vanadium compounds (VCs) with proteins. Several types of binding are established between VCs and proteins/enzymes. Considering that the V-species that bind may differ from those initially added, the mentioned structural techniques are pivotal to clarifying the nature and variety of interactions of VCs with proteins and to proposing the mechanisms involved either in enzymatic inhibition or catalysis. As such, we provide an account of the available structural information of VCs bound to proteins obtained by both XRD and/or cryo-EM, mainly exploring the more recent structures, particularly those containing organic-based vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino F. A. Santos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Targeting protein phosphatases in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:273-294. [PMID: 36693907 PMCID: PMC9872771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been dedicated to phosphatase-targeted drug discovery, early expeditions for competitive phosphatase inhibitors were plagued by druggability issues, leading to the stigmatization of phosphatases as difficult targets. Despite challenges, persistent efforts have led to the identification of several drug-like, non-competitive modulators of some of these enzymes - including SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein phosphatase 1 - reigniting interest in therapeutic targeting of phosphatases. Here, we discuss recent progress in phosphatase drug discovery, with emphasis on the development of selective modulators that exhibit biological activity. The roles and regulation of protein phosphatases in immune cells and their potential as powerful targets for immuno-oncology and autoimmunity indications are assessed.
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7
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Feng B, Dong X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Liu H, Xu Y. Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Novel Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Insulin Resistance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1191-1201. [PMID: 37113468 PMCID: PMC10128076 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s406956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an essential way in diseases including cancer, obesity, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. As a member of PTPs, low molecular weight PTP (LMPTP) has been a well-recognized anti-insulin resistance target in obesity. However, the number of reported LMPTP inhibitors is limited. Our research aims to discover a novel LMPTP inhibitor and evaluate its biological activity against insulin resistance. Methods A virtual screening pipeline based on the X-ray co-crystal complex of LMPTP was constructed. Enzyme inhibition assay and cellular bioassay were used to evaluate the activity of screened compounds. Results The screening pipeline rendered 15 potential hits from Specs chemical library. Enzyme inhibition assay identified compound F9 (AN-465/41163730) as a potential LMPTP inhibitor with a K i value of 21.5 ± 7.3 μM. Cellular bioassay showed F9 could effectively increase the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells as a result of releasing insulin resistance by regulating PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusion In summary, this study presents a versatile virtual screening pipeline for potential LMPTP inhibitor discovery and provides a novel-scaffold lead compound that is worthy of further modification to get more potent LMPTP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongyu Liu; Yuan Xu, Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Macromolecular crowding amplifies allosteric regulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102655. [PMID: 36328244 PMCID: PMC9720572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a negative regulator of T-cell receptor and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and implicated in cancer and autoimmune disease. TC-PTP activity is modulated by an intrinsically disordered C-terminal region (IDR) and suppressed in cells under basal conditions. In vitro structural studies have shown that the dynamic reorganization of IDR around the catalytic domain, driven by electrostatic interactions, can lead to TC-PTP activity inhibition; however, the process has not been studied in cells. Here, by assessing a mutant (378KRKRPR383 mutated into 378EAAAPE383, called TC45E/A) with impaired tail-PTP domain interaction, we obtained evidence that the downmodulation of TC-PTP enzymatic activity by the IDR occurs in cells. However, we found that the regulation of TC-PTP by the IDR is only recapitulated in vitro when crowding polymers that mimic the intracellular environment are present in kinetic assays using a physiological phosphopeptide. Our FRET-based assays in vitro and in cells confirmed that the effect of the mutant correlates with an impairment of the intramolecular inhibitory remodeling of TC-PTP by the IDR. This work presents an early example of the allosteric regulation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase being controlled by the cellular environment and provides a framework for future studies and targeting of TC-PTP function.
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9
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He R, Wang J, Yu ZH, Moyers JS, Michael MD, Durham TB, Cramer JW, Qian Y, Lin A, Wu L, Noinaj N, Barrett DG, Zhang ZY. Structure-Based Design of Active-Site-Directed, Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13892-13909. [PMID: 36197449 PMCID: PMC10128051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases constitute an important class of drug targets whose potential has been limited by the paucity of drug-like small-molecule inhibitors. We recently described a class of active-site-directed, moderately selective, and potent inhibitors of the low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP). Here, we report our extensive structure-based design and optimization effort that afforded inhibitors with vastly improved potency and specificity. The leading compound inhibits LMW-PTP potently and selectively (Ki = 1.2 nM, >8000-fold selectivity). Many compounds exhibit favorable drug-like properties, such as low molecular weight, weak cytochrome P450 inhibition, high metabolic stability, moderate to high cell permeability (Papp > 0.2 nm/s), and moderate to good oral bioavailability (% F from 23 to 50% in mice), and therefore can be used as in vivo chemical probes to further dissect the complex biological as well as pathophysiological roles of LMW-PTP and for the development of therapeutics targeting LMW-PTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julie S Moyers
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - M Dodson Michael
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Timothy B Durham
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Jeff W Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Yuewei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Amy Lin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicholas Noinaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David G Barrett
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Faria AVS, Fonseca EMB, Fernandes-Oliveira PDS, de Lima TI, Clerici SP, Justo GZ, Silveira LR, Durán N, Ferreira-Halder CV. Violacein switches off low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase and rewires mitochondria in colorectal cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106000. [PMID: 35853296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) not only contributes to the progression of cancer but is associated with prostate low survival rate and colorectal cancer metastasis. We report that LMWPTP favors the glycolytic profile in some tumors. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to identify metabolic enzymes that correlate with LMWPTP expression in patient samples. Exploratory data analysis from RNA-seq, proteomics, and histology staining, confirmed the higher expression of LMWPTP in CRC. Our descriptive statistical analyses indicate a positive expression correlation between LMWPTP and energy metabolism enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). In addition, we examine the potential of violacein to reprogram energetic metabolism and LMWPTP activity. Violacein treatment induced a shift of glycolytic to oxidative metabolism associated with alteration in mitochondrial efficiency, as indicated by higher oxygen consumption rate. Particularly, violacein treated cells displayed higher proton leak and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as an indicator of the OXPHOS preference. Notably, violacein is able to bind and inhibit LMWPTP. Since the LMWPTP acts as a hub of signaling pathways that offer tumor cells invasive advantages, such as survival and the ability to migrate, our findings highlight an unexplored potential of violacein in circumventing the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuella M B Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tanes I de Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Alphonse S, Djemil I, Piserchio A, Ghose R. Structural basis for the recognition of the bacterial tyrosine kinase Wzc by its cognate tyrosine phosphatase Wzb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201800119. [PMID: 35737836 PMCID: PMC9245664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases) comprise a family of protein tyrosine kinases that are structurally distinct from their functional counterparts in eukaryotes and are highly conserved across the bacterial kingdom. BY-kinases act in concert with their counteracting phosphatases to regulate a variety of cellular processes, most notably the synthesis and export of polysaccharides involved in biofilm and capsule biogenesis. Biochemical data suggest that BY-kinase function involves the cyclic assembly and disassembly of oligomeric states coupled to the overall phosphorylation levels of a C-terminal tyrosine cluster. This process is driven by the opposing effects of intermolecular autophosphorylation, and dephosphorylation catalyzed by tyrosine phosphatases. In the absence of structural insight into the interactions between a BY-kinase and its phosphatase partner in atomic detail, the precise mechanism of this regulatory process has remained poorly defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we have determined the structure of the transiently assembled complex between the catalytic core of the Escherichia coli (K-12) BY-kinase Wzc and its counteracting low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) Wzb using solution NMR techniques. Unambiguous distance restraints from paramagnetic relaxation effects were supplemented with ambiguous interaction restraints from static spectral perturbations and transient chemical shift changes inferred from relaxation dispersion measurements and used in a computational docking protocol for structure determination. This structurepresents an atomic picture of the mode of interaction between an LMW-PTP and its BY-kinase substrate, and provides mechanistic insight into the phosphorylation-coupled assembly/disassembly process proposed to drive BY-kinase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alphonse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Imane Djemil
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 10016
| | - Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 10016
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016
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12
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Jensen-Cody S, Coyne ES, Ding X, Sebin A, Vogel J, Goldstein J, Rosahl TW, Zhou HH, Jacobs H, Champy MF, About GB, Talukdar S, Zhou Y. Loss of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase shows limited improvement in glucose tolerance but causes mild cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E517-E527. [PMID: 35403438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major public health burden that often results in other comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. An insulin sensitizer has the potential to become a disease-modifying therapy. It remains an unmet medical need to identify therapeutics that target the insulin signaling pathway to treat insulin resistance. Low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) negatively regulates insulin signaling and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for insulin sensitization. Genetic studies have demonstrated that LMPTP is positively associated with obesity in humans and promotes insulin resistance in rodents. A recent study showed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of LMPTP protects mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and diabetes. Here, we show that loss of LMPTP by genetic deletion has no significant effects on improving glucose tolerance in lean or diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that LMPTP deficiency potentiates cardiac hypertrophy that leads to mild cardiac dysfunction. Our findings suggest that the development of LMPTP inhibitors for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes should be reevaluated, and further studies are needed to characterize the molecular and pathophysiological role of LMPTP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inhibition of LMPTP with a small-molecule inhibitor, Cmpd23, improves glucose tolerance in mice as reported earlier. However, genetic deficiency of the LMPTP-encoding gene, Acp1, has limited effects on glucose metabolism but leads to mild cardiac hypertrophy in mice. The findings suggest the potential off-target effects of Cmpd23 and call for reevaluation of LMPTP as a therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin S Coyne
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xunshan Ding
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Anu Sebin
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jen Vogel
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Hugues Jacobs
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-France Champy
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Ghina Bou About
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
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13
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Khaje NA, Eletsky A, Biehn SE, Mobley CK, Rogals MJ, Kim Y, Mishra SK, Doerksen RJ, Lindert S, Prestegard JH, Sharp JS. Validated determination of NRG1 Ig-like domain structure by mass spectrometry coupled with computational modeling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:452. [PMID: 35551273 PMCID: PMC9098640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) is a mass spectrometry-based method that measures the solvent exposure of multiple amino acids in a single experiment, offering constraints for experimentally informed computational modeling. HR-HRPF-based modeling has previously been used to accurately model the structure of proteins of known structure, but the technique has never been used to determine the structure of a protein of unknown structure. Here, we present the use of HR-HRPF-based modeling to determine the structure of the Ig-like domain of NRG1, a protein with no close homolog of known structure. Independent determination of the protein structure by both HR-HRPF-based modeling and heteronuclear NMR was carried out, with results compared only after both processes were complete. The HR-HRPF-based model was highly similar to the lowest energy NMR model, with a backbone RMSD of 1.6 Å. To our knowledge, this is the first use of HR-HRPF-based modeling to determine a previously uncharacterized protein structure. A mass spectrometry-based method guides computational modeling for de novo protein structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Abolhasani Khaje
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Analytical Operations Department, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Eletsky
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E Biehn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles K Mobley
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Protein Discovery Department, Impossible Foods, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Monique J Rogals
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yoonkyoo Kim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James H Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA. .,Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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14
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Simoni A, Huber HA, Georgia SK, Finley SD. Phosphatases are predicted to govern prolactin-mediated JAK–STAT signaling in pancreatic beta cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:37-48. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are unable to produce a sufficient amount of insulin to properly regulate their blood glucose levels. One potential method of treating diabetes is to increase the number of insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas to enhance insulin secretion. It is known that during pregnancy, pancreatic beta cells proliferate in response to the pregnancy hormone, prolactin (PRL). Leveraging this proliferative response to PRL may be a strategy to restore endogenous insulin production for patients with diabetes. To investigate this potential treatment, we previously developed a computational model to represent the PRL-mediated JAK–STAT signaling pathway in pancreatic beta cells. Here, we applied the model to identify the importance of particular signaling proteins in shaping the response of a population of beta cells. We simulated a population of 10 000 heterogeneous cells with varying initial protein concentrations responding to PRL stimulation. We used partial least squares regression to analyze the significance and role of each of the varied protein concentrations in producing the response of the cell. Our regression models predict that the concentrations of the cytosolic and nuclear phosphatases strongly influence the response of the cell. The model also predicts that increasing PRL receptor strengthens negative feedback mediated by the inhibitor suppressor of cytokine signaling. These findings reveal biological targets that can potentially be used to modulate the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells to enhance insulin secretion and beta cell regeneration in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Simoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Holly A Huber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Senta K Georgia
- Departments of Pediatrics and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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15
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Genovese M, Luti S, Pardella E, Vivoli-Vega M, Pazzagli L, Parri M, Caselli A, Cirri P, Paoli P. Differential impact of cold and hot tea extracts on tyrosine phosphatases regulating insulin receptor activity: a focus on PTP1B and LMW-PTP. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1905-1918. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Boni C, Laudanna C, Sorio C. A Comprehensive Review of Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase Gamma (PTPRG) Role in Health and Non-Neoplastic Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:84. [PMID: 35053232 PMCID: PMC8773835 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) is known to interact with and regulate several tyrosine kinases, exerting a tumor suppressor role in several type of cancers. Its wide expression in human tissues compared to the other component of group 5 of receptor phosphatases, PTPRZ expressed as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the central nervous system, has raised interest in its role as a possible regulatory switch of cell signaling processes. Indeed, a carbonic anhydrase-like domain (CAH) and a fibronectin type III domain are present in the N-terminal portion and were found to be associated with its role as [HCO3-] sensor in vascular and renal tissues and a possible interaction domain for cell adhesion, respectively. Studies on PTPRG ligands revealed the contactins family (CNTN) as possible interactors. Furthermore, the correlation of PTPRG phosphatase with inflammatory processes in different normal tissues, including cancer, and the increasing amount of its soluble form (sPTPRG) in plasma, suggest a possible role as inflammatory marker. PTPRG has important roles in human diseases; for example, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders and various types of cancer such as colon, ovary, lung, breast, central nervous system, and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we sum up our knowledge regarding the latest discoveries in order to appreciate PTPRG function in the various tissues and diseases, along with an interactome map of its relationship with a group of validated molecular interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.B.); (C.L.)
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17
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Sergienko NM, Donner DG, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Weeks KL. Protein phosphatase 2A in the healthy and failing heart: New insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110213. [PMID: 34902541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of phosphoprotein homeostasis in settings of health and disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) encompasses a large subfamily of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine residues within phosphoproteins. The heterogeneity in PP2A structure, which arises from the grouping of different catalytic, scaffolding and regulatory subunit isoforms, creates distinct populations of catalytically active enzymes (i.e. holoenzymes) that localise to different parts of the cell. This structural complexity, combined with other regulatory mechanisms, such as interaction of PP2A heterotrimers with accessory proteins and post-translational modification of the catalytic and/or regulatory subunits, enables PP2A holoenzymes to target phosphoprotein substrates in a highly specific manner. In this review, we summarise the roles of PP2A in cardiac physiology and disease. PP2A modulates numerous processes that are vital for heart function including calcium handling, contractility, β-adrenergic signalling, metabolism and transcription. Dysregulation of PP2A has been observed in human cardiac disease settings, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Efforts are underway, particularly in the cancer field, to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) and other compounds that selectively target specific PP2A holoenzymes (e.g. PP2A/B56α and PP2A/B56ε) will improve understanding of the function of different PP2A species in the heart, and may lead to the development of therapeutics for normalising aberrant protein phosphorylation in settings of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Sergienko
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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18
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Pessoa JC, Santos MF, Correia I, Sanna D, Sciortino G, Garribba E. Binding of vanadium ions and complexes to proteins and enzymes in aqueous solution. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Kornicka-Garbowska K, Bourebaba L, Röcken M, Marycz K. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase improves mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, reduces oxidative stress, and enhances adipogenic differentiation potential in metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 34732209 PMCID: PMC8565043 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) are implicated in the development of metabolic disorders. Yet, their role in progenitor stem cell adipogenic differentiation and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics remains elusive. METHODS In this study, we decided to investigate whether inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP enhance adipogenic differentiation of metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells via modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. Cells were cultured under adipogenic conditions in the presence of PTP1B and LMPTP inhibitors, and were subjected to the analysis of the main adipogenic-related and mitochondrial-related genes using RT-qPCR. Protein levels were established with western blot while mitochondrial morphology with MicroP software. RESULTS Selective inhibitors of both PTP1B and MPTP enhanced adipogenic differentiation of metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells. We have observed enhanced expression of PPARy and adiponectin in treated cells. What is more, increased antioxidative defence and alternations in mitochondrial bioenergetics were observed. We have found that inhibition of PTP1B as well as C23 activates oxidative phosphorylation and enhances mitochondrial fusion contributing to enhanced adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The presented data provides evidence that the application of PTP1B and LMPTP inhibitors enhances adipogenesis through the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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20
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Pinkston J, Jo J, Olsen KJ, Comer D, Glaittli CA, Loria JP, Johnson SJ, Hengge AC. Significant Loop Motions in the SsoPTP Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Allow for Dual General Acid Functionality. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2888-2901. [PMID: 34496202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conformational dynamics are important factors in the function of enzymes, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Crystal structures of PTPs first revealed the motion of a protein loop bearing a conserved catalytic aspartic acid, and subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance and computational analyses have shown the presence of motions, involved in catalysis and allostery, within and beyond the active site. The tyrosine phosphatase from the thermophilic and acidophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsoPTP) displays motions of its acid loop together with dynamics of its phosphoryl-binding P-loop and the Q-loop, the first instance of such motions in a PTP. All three loops share the same exchange rate, implying their motions are coupled. Further evidence of conformational flexibility comes from mutagenesis, kinetics, and isotope effect data showing that E40 can function as an alternate general acid to protonate the leaving group when the conserved acid, D69, is mutated to asparagine. SsoPTP is not the first PTP to exhibit an alternate general acid (after VHZ and TkPTP), but E40 does not correspond to the sequence or structural location of the alternate general acids in those precedents. A high-resolution X-ray structure with the transition state analogue vanadate clarifies the role of the active site arginine R102, which varied in structures of substrates bound to a catalytically inactive mutant. The coordinated motions of all three functional loops in SsoPTP, together with the function of an alternate general acid, suggest that catalytically competent conformations are present in solution that have not yet been observed in crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Pinkston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Jihye Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Keith J Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Drake Comer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Charsti A Glaittli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - J Patrick Loria
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sean J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Alvan C Hengge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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21
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Abrahams L, Savisaar R, Mordstein C, Young B, Kudla G, Hurst LD. Evidence in disease and non-disease contexts that nonsense mutations cause altered splicing via motif disruption. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9665-9685. [PMID: 34469537 PMCID: PMC8464065 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs) can be subject to nonsense-associated alternative splicing (NAS). Two models have been evoked to explain this, scanning and splice motif disruption. The latter postulates that exonic cis motifs, such as exonic splice enhancers (ESEs), are disrupted by nonsense mutations. We employ genome-wide transcriptomic and k-mer enrichment methods to scrutinize this model. First, we show that ESEs are prone to disruptive nonsense mutations owing to their purine richness and paucity of TGA, TAA and TAG. The motif model correctly predicts that NAS rates should be low (we estimate 5–30%) and approximately in line with estimates for the rate at which random point mutations disrupt splicing (8–20%). Further, we find that, as expected, NAS-associated PTCs are predictable from nucleotide-based machine learning approaches to predict splice disruption and, at least for pathogenic variants, are enriched in ESEs. Finally, we find that both in and out of frame mutations to TAA, TGA or TAG are associated with exon skipping. While a higher relative frequency of such skip-inducing mutations in-frame than out of frame lends some credence to the scanning model, these results reinforce the importance of considering splice motif modulation to understand the etiology of PTC-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Abrahams
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rosina Savisaar
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christine Mordstein
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C F Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bethan Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Grzegorz Kudla
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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22
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Functional interrogation and therapeutic targeting of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1723-1734. [PMID: 34431504 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counteract the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine kinases to modulate levels of both normal and disease-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Aberrant activity of PTPs has been linked to the progression of many disease states, yet no PTP inhibitors are currently clinically available. PTPs are without a doubt a difficult drug target. Despite this, many selective, potent, and bioavailable PTP inhibitors have been described, suggesting PTPs should once again be looked at as viable therapeutic targets. Herein, we summarize recently discovered PTP inhibitors and their use in the functional interrogation of PTPs in disease states. In addition, an overview of the therapeutic targeting of PTPs is described using SHP2 as a representative target.
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23
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Elhawy MI, Molle V, Becker SL, Bischoff M. The Low-Molecular Weight Protein Arginine Phosphatase PtpB Affects Nuclease Production, Cell Wall Integrity, and Uptake Rates of Staphylococcus aureus by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105342. [PMID: 34069497 PMCID: PMC8161221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological success of Staphylococcus aureus as a versatile pathogen in mammals is largely attributed to its virulence factor repertoire and the sophisticated regulatory network controlling this virulon. Here we demonstrate that the low-molecular-weight protein arginine phosphatase PtpB contributes to this regulatory network by affecting the growth phase-dependent transcription of the virulence factor encoding genes/operons aur, nuc, and psmα, and that of the small regulatory RNA RNAIII. Inactivation of ptpB in S. aureus SA564 also significantly decreased the capacity of the mutant to degrade extracellular DNA, to hydrolyze proteins in the extracellular milieu, and to withstand Triton X-100 induced autolysis. SA564 ΔptpB mutant cells were additionally ingested faster by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a whole blood phagocytosis assay, suggesting that PtpB contributes by several ways positively to the ability of S. aureus to evade host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahem Elhawy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.I.E.); (S.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5235, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.I.E.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.I.E.); (S.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1623963
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24
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Stanford SM, Diaz MA, Ardecky RJ, Zou J, Roosild T, Holmes ZJ, Nguyen TP, Hedrick MP, Rodiles S, Guan A, Grotegut S, Santelli E, Chung TDY, Jackson MR, Bottini N, Pinkerton AB. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable Purine-Based Inhibitors of the Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5645-5653. [PMID: 33914534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. A promising approach to decrease insulin resistance in obesity is to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatases that negatively regulate insulin receptor signaling. The low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) acts as a critical promoter of insulin resistance in obesity by inhibiting phosphorylation of the liver insulin receptor activation motif. Here, we report development of a novel purine-based chemical series of LMPTP inhibitors. These compounds inhibit LMPTP with an uncompetitive mechanism and are highly selective for LMPTP over other protein tyrosine phosphatases. We also report the generation of a highly orally bioavailable purine-based analogue that reverses obesity-induced diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael A Diaz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Robert J Ardecky
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiwen Zou
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tarmo Roosild
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zachary J Holmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tiffany P Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael P Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Socorro Rodiles
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - April Guan
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Grotegut
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael R Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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25
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Stanford SM, Collins M, Diaz MA, Holmes ZJ, Gries P, Bliss MR, Lodi A, Zhang V, Tiziani S, Bottini N. The low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase promotes adipogenesis and subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6630-6642. [PMID: 33615467 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. Multiple human genetics studies suggest that high activity of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) promotes metabolic syndrome in obesity. We reported that LMPTP is a critical promoter of insulin resistance in obesity by regulating liver insulin receptor signaling and that inhibition of LMPTP reverses obesity-associated diabetes in mice. Since LMPTP is expressed in adipose tissue but little is known about its function, here we examined the role of LMPTP in adipocyte biology. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that selective deletion of LMPTP in adipocytes impaired obesity-induced subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy. We assessed the role of LMPTP in adipogenesis in vitro, and found that LMPTP deletion or knockdown substantially impaired differentiation of primary preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, respectively. Inhibition of LMPTP in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes also reduced adipogenesis and expression of proadipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. Inhibition of LMPTP increased basal phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) on activation motif residue Y849 in 3T3-L1, resulting in increased activation of the mitogen-associated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and increased PPARγ phosphorylation on inhibitory residue S82. Analysis of the metabolome of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells suggested that LMPTP inhibition decreased cell glucose utilization while enhancing mitochondrial respiration and nucleotide synthesis. In summary, we report a novel role for LMPTP as a key driver of adipocyte differentiation via control of PDGFRα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Meghan Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Diaz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zachary J Holmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul Gries
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew R Bliss
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Vida Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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26
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in diabetes: causes and therapeutic opportunities. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:310-321. [PMID: 33590390 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have an emerging paradigm for the development of antidiabetic drugs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relevance of PTPs to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the therapeutic opportunities thereof, while critically evaluating the potential challenges for PTP inhibitors to be next generation antidiabetics. This review briefly discusses the structure and function of PTPs. An account of importance and relevance of PTPs in various human diseases is presented with special attention to diabetes. The PTPs relevant to T2D have been targeted by small molecule inhibitors such as natural products and synthetic compounds as well as antisense nucleic acids. This review will give better understanding of the important concepts helpful in outlining the strategies for the development of new therapeutic agents with promising antidiabetic activities.
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27
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Faria AVS, Fonseca EMB, Cordeiro HG, Clerici SP, Ferreira-Halder CV. Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase as signaling hub of cancer hallmarks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1263-1273. [PMID: 33052434 PMCID: PMC11073135 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase as a positive regulator of tumor progression. In this scenario, our group was one of the first to report the involvement of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP or ACP1) in the process of resistance and migration of tumor cells. Later, we and others demonstrated a positive correlation between the amount of this enzyme in human tumors and the poor prognosis. With this information in mind, we asked if LMWPTP contribution to metastasis, would it have an action beyond the primary tumor site. We know that the amount of this enzyme in the tumor cell correlates positively with the ability of cancer cells to interact with platelets, an indication that this enzyme is also important for the survival of these cells in the bloodstream. Here, we discuss several molecular aspects that support the idea of LMWPTP as a signaling hub of cancer hallmarks. Chemical and genetic modulation of LMWPTP proved to shut down signaling pathways associated with cancer aggressiveness. Therefore, advances in the development of LMWPTP inhibitors have great applicability in human diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuella Maria Barreto Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal Institute of São Paulo, São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helon Guimarães Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano Piatto Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Wang X, Ma Q. Wzb of Vibrio vulnificus represents a new group of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases with a unique insertion in the W-loop. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100280. [PMID: 33450227 PMCID: PMC7948962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the production of capsular polysaccharide, an essential virulence factor of the deadly pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. The process requires the protein tyrosine kinase Wzc and its cognate phosphatase Wzb, both of which are largely uncharacterized. Herein, we report the structures of Wzb of V. vulnificus (VvWzb) in free and ligand-bound forms. VvWzb belongs to the low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) family. Interestingly, it contains an extra four-residue insertion in the W-loop, distinct from all known LMWPTPs. The W-loop of VvWzb protrudes from the protein body in the free structure, but undergoes significant conformational changes to fold toward the active site upon ligand binding. Deleting the four-residue insertion from the W-loop severely impaired the enzymatic activity of VvWzb, indicating its importance for optimal catalysis. However, mutating individual residues or even substituting the whole insertion with four alanine residues only modestly decreased the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the contribution of the insertion to catalysis is not determined by the sequence specificity. Furthermore, inserting the four residues into Escherichia coli Wzb at the corresponding position enhanced its activity as well, indicating that the four-residue insertion in the W-loop can act as a general activity enhancing element for other LMWPTPs. The novel W-loop type and phylogenetic analysis suggested that VvWzb and its homologs should be classified into a new group of LMWPTPs. Our study sheds new insight into the catalytic mechanism and structural diversity of the LMWPTP family and promotes the understanding of the protein tyrosine phosphorylation system in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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29
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Biehn SE, Lindert S. Accurate protein structure prediction with hydroxyl radical protein footprinting data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:341. [PMID: 33436604 PMCID: PMC7804018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) in combination with mass spectrometry reveals the relative solvent exposure of labeled residues within a protein, thereby providing insight into protein tertiary structure. HRPF labels nineteen residues with varying degrees of reliability and reactivity. Here, we are presenting a dynamics-driven HRPF-guided algorithm for protein structure prediction. In a benchmark test of our algorithm, usage of the dynamics data in a score term resulted in notable improvement of the root-mean-square deviations of the lowest-scoring ab initio models and improved the funnel-like metric Pnear for all benchmark proteins. We identified models with accurate atomic detail for three of the four benchmark proteins. This work suggests that HRPF data along with side chain dynamics sampled by a Rosetta mover ensemble can be used to accurately predict protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Biehn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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30
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Campbell AC, Bogner AN, Mao Y, Becker DF, Tanner JJ. Structural analysis of prolines and hydroxyprolines binding to the l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase active site of bifunctional proline utilization A. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 698:108727. [PMID: 33333077 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are bifunctional proline catabolic enzymes that catalyze the 4-electron oxidation of l-proline to l-glutamate using spatially-separated proline dehydrogenase and l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GSALDH, a.k.a. ALDH4A1) active sites. The observation that l-proline inhibits both the GSALDH activity of PutA and monofunctional GSALDHs motivated us to study the inhibition of PutA by proline stereoisomers and analogs. Here we report five high-resolution crystal structures of PutA with the following ligands bound in the GSALDH active site: d-proline, trans-4-hydroxy-d-proline, cis-4-hydroxy-d-proline, l-proline, and trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Three of the structures are of ternary complexes of the enzyme with an inhibitor and either NAD+ or NADH. To our knowledge, the NADH complex is the first for any GSALDH. The structures reveal a conserved mode of recognition of the inhibitor carboxylate, which results in the pyrrolidine rings of the d- and l-isomers having different orientations and different hydrogen bonding environments. Activity assays show that the compounds are weak inhibitors with millimolar inhibition constants. Curiously, although the inhibitors occupy the aldehyde binding site, kinetic measurements show the inhibition is uncompetitive. Uncompetitive inhibition may involve proline binding to a remote site or to the enzyme-NADH complex. Together, the structural and kinetic data expand our understanding of how proline-like molecules interact with GSALDH, reveal insight into the relationship between stereochemistry and inhibitor affinity, and demonstrate the pitfalls of inferring the mechanism of inhibition from crystal structures alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Alexandra N Bogner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Yizi Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States
| | - Donald F Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States.
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31
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Castro-Sanchez P, Teagle AR, Prade S, Zamoyska R. Modulation of TCR Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphatases: From Autoimmunity to Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608747. [PMID: 33425916 PMCID: PMC7793860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early TCR signaling is dependent on rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of multiple signaling and adaptor proteins, leading to T cell activation. This process is tightly regulated by an intricate web of interactions between kinases and phosphatases. A number of tyrosine phosphatases have been shown to modulate T cell responses and thus alter T cell fate by negatively regulating early TCR signaling. Mutations in some of these enzymes are associated with enhanced predisposition to autoimmunity in humans, and mouse models deficient in orthologous genes often show T cell hyper-activation. Therefore, phosphatases are emerging as potential targets in situations where it is desirable to enhance T cell responses, such as immune responses to tumors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about tyrosine phosphatases that regulate early TCR signaling and discuss their involvement in autoimmunity and their potential as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Sanchez
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra R Teagle
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Prade
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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32
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Liu M, Tan H, Chen G. Mechanistic insights of adenine promoted activity of low-molecule tyrosine phosphatase: An ONIOM study. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Kozlov G, Funato Y, Chen YS, Zhang Z, Illes K, Miki H, Gehring K. PRL3 pseudophosphatase activity is necessary and sufficient to promote metastatic growth. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11682-11692. [PMID: 32571875 PMCID: PMC7450121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are markers of cancer and promote tumor growth. They have been implicated in a variety of biochemical pathways but the physiologically relevant target of phosphatase activity has eluded 20 years of investigation. Here, we show that PRL3 catalytic activity is not required in a mouse model of metastasis. PRL3 binds and inhibits CNNM4, a membrane protein associated with magnesium transport. Analysis of PRL3 mutants specifically defective in either CNNM-binding or phosphatase activity demonstrate that CNNM binding is necessary and sufficient to promote tumor metastasis. As PRLs do have phosphatase activity, they are in fact pseudo-pseudophosphatases. Phosphatase activity leads to formation of phosphocysteine, which blocks CNNM binding and may play a regulatory role. We show levels of PRL cysteine phosphorylation vary in response to culture conditions and in different tissues. Examination of related protein phosphatases shows the stability of phosphocysteine is a unique and evolutionarily conserved property of PRLs. The demonstration that PRL3 functions as a pseudophosphatase has important ramifications for the design of PRL inhibitors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, For correspondence: Kalle Gehring,
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34
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Jin J, Sun Q, Wu Z, Liu K, Song Z, Su L. 1H-NMR analysis of amino acid metabolism in aqueous humor of patients with cataract, according to diabetes status. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520934658. [PMID: 32588698 PMCID: PMC7323282 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520934658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the differences in amino acid metabolism in aqueous humor of patients with cataract, according to diabetes status, using a 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance approach. Methods Aqueous humor samples from patients with age-related cataract, with or without diabetes, were collected during cataract surgery. All samples underwent nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analysis to characterize their metabolic function. Potential metabolic pathways were analyzed via MetaboAnalyst 3.0. Results This study included eight aqueous humor samples from patients with cataract and diabetes and eight aqueous humor samples from age- and sex-matched patients with cataract alone. Four metabolites were found to significantly differ in the aqueous humor of patients with cataract and diabetes, relative to patients with cataract alone; these metabolites were glucose (higher in patients with diabetes), valine, lysine, and tyrosine (all lower in patients with diabetes). Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was presumed to be involved in the metabolic differences observed in patients with cataract, according to diabetes status. Conclusions The amino acid metabolic profile in the aqueous humor differed among patients with cataract, according to diabetes status. Disturbance of amino acid metabolism in the aqueous humor may be related to cataract formation in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Shibei Hospital of Jingan District, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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35
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DeSouza SR, Olson MC, Tinucci SL, Sinner EK, Flynn RS, Marshall QF, Jakubowski HV, McIntee EJ. SAR of non-hydrolysable analogs of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate against low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase isoforms. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127342. [PMID: 32631543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinases and phosphatases are key enzymes in cell signal transduction pathways. Imbalances in these enzymes have been linked to numerous disease states ranging from cancer to diabetes to autoimmune disorders. The two isoforms (IFA and IFB) of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) appear to play a role in these diseases. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) has been shown to act as a potent but, impractical micromolar inhibitor for both isoforms. In this study, a series of non-hydrolysable phosphonate analogs of PLP were designed, synthesized and tested against the two isoforms of LMW-PTP. Assay results demonstrated that the best inhibitor for both isoforms was compound 5 with a Kis of 1.84 μM (IFA) and 15.6 μM (IFB). The most selective inhibitor was compound 16, with a selectivity of roughly 370-fold for IFA over IFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin R DeSouza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Maxwell C Olson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Samantha L Tinucci
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Erica K Sinner
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Rebecca S Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Henry V Jakubowski
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States
| | - Edward J McIntee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University, St. Joseph, MN 56374, United States.
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Inhibition of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B and LMPTP Promotes Palmitate/Oleate-challenged HepG2 Cell Survival by Reducing Lipoapoptosis, Improving Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitigating Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051294. [PMID: 32369900 PMCID: PMC7288314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a well-known pathology that is determined without using alcohol and has emerged as a growing public health problem. Lipotoxicity is known to promote hepatocyte death, which, in the context of NAFLD, is termed lipoapoptosis. The severity of NAFLD correlates with the degree of hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Protein–tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) including PTP1B and Low molecular weight PTP (LMPTP), are negative regulators of the insulin signaling pathway and are considered a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP may potentially prevent hepatocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress onset, following lipotoxicity induced using a free fatty acid (FFA) mixture. Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of two PTP inhibitors, namely MSI-1436 and Compound 23, prior to palmitate/oleate overloading. Apoptosis, ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics were then evaluated by either MUSE or RT-qPCR analysis. Results: The obtained data demonstrate that the inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP prevents apoptosis induced by palmitate and oleate in the HepG2 cell line. Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics were positively improved following inhibition of the enzyme, with concomitant oxidative stress reduction and ER stress abrogation. Conclusion: In conclusion, PTP’s inhibitory properties may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FFA-induced lipotoxicity in the liver and ultimately in the management of the NAFLD condition.
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Hongdusit A, Zwart PH, Sankaran B, Fox JM. Minimally disruptive optical control of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Nat Commun 2020; 11:788. [PMID: 32034150 PMCID: PMC7005756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate a myriad of essential subcellular signaling events, yet they remain difficult to study in their native biophysical context. Here we develop a minimally disruptive optical approach to control protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)—an important regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cancer—and we use that approach to probe the intracellular function of this enzyme. Our conservative architecture for photocontrol, which consists of a protein-based light switch fused to an allosteric regulatory element, preserves the native structure, activity, and subcellular localization of PTP1B, affords changes in activity that match those elicited by post-translational modifications inside the cell, and permits experimental analyses of the molecular basis of optical modulation. Findings indicate, most strikingly, that small changes in the activity of PTP1B can cause large shifts in the phosphorylation states of its regulatory targets. Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate many cellular processes but are difficult to study in their native context. Here the authors develop an approach for using light to control the activity of a disease-relevant phosphatase without interfering with its native cellular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarawin Hongdusit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Peter H Zwart
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jerome M Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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Inhibition of the Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMPTP) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Hepatic Progenitor Cells Lipotoxicity-Short Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235873. [PMID: 31771123 PMCID: PMC6928870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In accordance with the theory linking obesity and IR, excessive accumulation of lipids in insulin-sensitive tissues (lipotoxicity), like liver, alters several cellular functions, including insulin signaling. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to isolate equine hepatic progenitor-like cells (HPCs) and assess whether inhibition of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) affects the expression of genes involved in macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dynamics in a palmitate-induced IR model. We demonstrated that LMPTP inhibition significantly enhanced expression of heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (HSC70), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), and parkin (PRKN), all master regulators of selective autophagy. We also observed downregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and binding immunoglobulin protein encoded by the HSPA gene. Moreover, LMPTP inhibition increased alternative splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), suggesting high endonuclease activity of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α). Taken together, our data provide convincing evidence that LMPTP inhibition reverses palmitate-induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of LMPTP in the regulation of CMA, mitophagy, and ER stress, and provides a new in vitro model for studying HPC lipotoxicity in pre-clinical research.
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Li J, Huang Y, Zhao S, Guo Q, Zhou J, Han W, Xu Y. Based on network pharmacology to explore the molecular mechanisms of astragalus membranaceus for treating T2 diabetes mellitus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:633. [PMID: 31930034 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Astragalus membranaceus refers to a type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the presented study, network pharmacology was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of astragalus membranaceus against T2DM. Methods First, we found common targets of astragalus membranaceus and disease, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by String, and then key targets were screened from these common targets by topological analysis. Subsequently, common targets were introduced into DAVID to achieve the results of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The therapeutic effect of astragalus was observed, and several key targets were verified by an animal experiment. Results First, 13 key targets (EGFR, KDR, SRC, ERBB2, FYN, ESR1, AR, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, ABCG2, AB1, MMP2, and CYP1) were found by topological analysis. Then, the results of GO and KEGG suggested that the anti-diabetes effect of astragalus membranaceus was strongly associated with the activation of receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RPTK). The results of animal experiments revealed that astragalus could enhance the morphology of rat pancreas and up-regulate the expression of tyrosine receptor. Conclusions In brief, 13 key targets were found in this study, and astragalus membranaceus was found up-regulating insulin signaling pathways by improving the activity of casein kinase, regulating lipid metabolism, and enhancing insulin resistance to treat T2DM. The present study lays a basis for subsequent experimental research and broadens the clinical application of astragalus membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wenjing Han
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
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Drexler HCA, Vockel M, Polaschegg C, Frye M, Peters K, Vestweber D. Vascular Endothelial Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase: Identification of Novel Substrates Related to Junctions and a Ternary Complex with EPHB4 and TIE2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2058-2077. [PMID: 31427368 PMCID: PMC6773558 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP, PTPRB) is a receptor type phosphatase that is crucial for the regulation of endothelial junctions and blood vessel development. We and others have shown recently that VE-PTP regulates vascular integrity by dephosphorylating substrates that are key players in endothelial junction stability, such as the angiopoietin receptor TIE2, the endothelial adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Here, we have systematically searched for novel substrates of VE-PTP in endothelial cells by utilizing two approaches. First, we studied changes in the endothelial phosphoproteome on exposing cells to a highly VE-PTP-specific phosphatase inhibitor followed by affinity isolation and mass-spectrometric analysis of phosphorylated proteins by phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies. Second, we used a substrate trapping mutant of VE-PTP to pull down phosphorylated substrates in combination with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry measurements. We identified a set of substrate candidates of VE-PTP, of which a remarkably large fraction (29%) is related to cell junctions. Several of those were found in both screens and displayed very high connectivity in predicted functional interaction networks. The receptor protein tyrosine kinase EPHB4 was the most prominently phosphorylated protein on VE-PTP inhibition among those VE-PTP targets that were identified by both proteomic approaches. Further analysis revealed that EPHB4 forms a ternary complex with VE-PTP and TIE2 in endothelial cells. VE-PTP controls the phosphorylation of each of these two tyrosine kinase receptors. Despite their simultaneous presence in a ternary complex, stimulating each of the receptors with their own specific ligand did not cross-activate the respective partner receptor. Our systematic approach has led to the identification of novel substrates of VE-PTP, of which many are relevant for the control of cellular junctions further promoting the importance of VE-PTP as a key player of junctional signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes C A Drexler
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Polaschegg
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Xie F, Yang F, Liang Y, Li L, Xia Y, Jiang F, Liu W, Qi Y, Chowdhury SR, Xie D, Fu L. Investigation of stereoisomeric bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters for discovering potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:408-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
More than any other organ, the heart is particularly sensitive to gene expression deregulation, often leading in the long run to impaired contractile performances and excessive fibrosis deposition progressing to heart failure. Recent investigations provide evidences that the protein phosphatases (PPs), as their counterpart protein kinases, are important regulators of cardiac physiology and development. Two main groups, the protein serine/threonine phosphatases and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), constitute the PPs family. Here, we provide an overview of the role of PTP subfamily in the development of the heart and in cardiac pathophysiology. Based on recent in silico studies, we highlight the importance of PTPs as therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs to restore PTPs signaling in the early and late events of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallou Wade
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Belhaj
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Coralie Poizat
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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Kyriakou E, Schmidt S, Dodd GT, Pfuhlmann K, Simonds SE, Lenhart D, Geerlof A, Schriever SC, De Angelis M, Schramm KW, Plettenburg O, Cowley MA, Tiganis T, Tschöp MH, Pfluger PT, Sattler M, Messias AC. Celastrol Promotes Weight Loss in Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases PTP1B and TCPTP in the Hypothalamus. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11144-11157. [PMID: 30525586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol is a natural pentacyclic triterpene used in traditional Chinese medicine with significant weight-lowering effects. Celastrol-administered mice at 100 μg/kg decrease food consumption and body weight via a leptin-dependent mechanism, yet its molecular targets in this pathway remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate in vivo that celastrol-induced weight loss is largely mediated by the inhibition of leptin negative regulators protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. We show in vitro that celastrol binds reversibly and inhibits noncompetitively PTP1B and TCPTP. NMR data map the binding site to an allosteric site in the catalytic domain that is in proximity of the active site. By using a panel of PTPs implicated in hypothalamic leptin signaling, we show that celastrol additionally inhibited PTEN and SHP2 but had no activity toward other phosphatases of the PTP family. These results suggest that PTP1B and TCPTP in the ARC are essential for celastrol's weight lowering effects in adult obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kyriakou
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmidt
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Katrin Pfuhlmann
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Physiology , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Dominik Lenhart
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany.,Institute of Medicinal Chemistry , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Molecular EXposomics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Molecular EXposomics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Physiology , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Ana C Messias
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
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LMW-PTP modulates glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2533-2544. [PMID: 30251652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low Molecular Weight Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is an enzyme involved not only in tumor onset and progression but also in type 2 diabetes. A recent review shows that LMW-PTP acts on several RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) such as PDGFR, EGFR, EphA2, Insulin receptor. It is well described also its interaction with cSrc. It is noteworthy that most of these conclusions are based on the use of cell lines expressing low levels of LMW-PTP. The aim of the present study was to discover new LMW-PTP substrates in aggressive human tumors where the over-expression of this phosphatase is a common feature. METHODS We investigated, by proteomic analysis, the protein phosphorylation pattern of A375 human melanoma cells silenced for LMW-PTP. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis, followed by western blot was performed using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, in order to identify differentially phosphorylated proteins. RESULTS Proteomic analysis pointed out that most of the identified proteins belong to the glycolytic metabolism, such as α-enolase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase, suggesting an involvement of LMW-PTP in glucose metabolism. Assessment of lactate production and oxygen consumption demonstrated that LMW-PTP silencing enhances glycolytic flux and slow down the oxidative metabolism. In particular, LMW-PTP expression affects PKM2 tyrosine-phosphorylation and nuclear localization, modulating its activity. CONCLUSION All these findings propose that tumor cells are subjected to metabolic reprogramming after LMW-PTP silencing, enhancing glycolytic flux, probably to compensate the inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight the involvement of LMW-PTP in regulating glucose metabolism in A375 melanoma cells.
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Kiselar J, Chance MR. High-Resolution Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting: Biophysics Tool for Drug Discovery. Annu Rev Biophys 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-033123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical footprinting (HRF) of proteins with mass spectrometry (MS) is a widespread approach for assessing protein structure. Hydroxyl radicals react with a wide variety of protein side chains, and the ease with which radicals can be generated (by radiolysis or photolysis) has made the approach popular with many laboratories. As some side chains are less reactive and thus cannot be probed, additional specific and nonspecific labeling reagents have been introduced to extend the approach. At the same time, advances in liquid chromatography and MS approaches permit an examination of the labeling of individual residues, transforming the approach to high resolution. Lastly, advances in understanding of the chemistry of the approach have led to the determination of absolute protein topologies from HRF data. Overall, the technology can provide precise and accurate measures of side-chain solvent accessibility in a wide range of interesting and useful contexts for the study of protein structure and dynamics in both academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Kiselar
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Mark R. Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Targeting Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with Biotherapeutics: Is Outside-in Better than Inside-Out? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030569. [PMID: 29498714 PMCID: PMC6017057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), of the receptor and non-receptor classes, are key signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular regulation underlying diverse physiological events. Aberrant signaling as a result of genetic mutation or altered expression levels has been associated with several diseases and treatment via pharmacological intervention at the level of PTPs has been widely explored; however, the challenges associated with development of small molecule phosphatase inhibitors targeting the intracellular phosphatase domain (the “inside-out” approach) have been well documented and as yet there are no clinically approved drugs targeting these enzymes. The alternative approach of targeting receptor PTPs with biotherapeutic agents (such as monoclonal antibodies or engineered fusion proteins; the “outside-in” approach) that interact with the extracellular ectodomain offers many advantages, and there have been a number of exciting recent developments in this field. Here we provide a brief overview of the receptor PTP family and an update on the emerging area of receptor PTP-targeted biotherapeutics for CD148, vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), receptor-type PTPs σ, γ, ζ (RPTPσ, RPTPγ, RPTPζ) and CD45, and discussion of future potential in this area.
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Muñoz-Torrero D, Mangoni AA, Liu H, Hulme C, Rautio J, Karaman R, de Sousa ME, Prokai-Tatrai K, Sabatier JM, Siciliano C, Luque FJ, Kokotos G, Ragno R, Collina S, Guillou C, Gütschow M, Agrofoglio LA. Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-2. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010065. [PMID: 29283400 PMCID: PMC6017245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, The Institute of the Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Biological Sciences West Room 351, 1041 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, POB 20002 Jerusalem, Palestine.
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viadell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Emília de Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Laboratory INSERM UMR 1097, Aix-Marseille University, 163, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Avenue de Luminy, Bâtiment TPR2, Case 939, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Unversité de Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Luigi A Agrofoglio
- ICOA UMR CNRS 6005, Universite d'Orleans, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 2, France.
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Metabolic Disease: Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor reverses diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:312-313. [PMID: 28428615 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stanford SM, Bottini N. Targeting Tyrosine Phosphatases: Time to End the Stigma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:524-540. [PMID: 28412041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes essential for numerous cellular processes, and several PTPs have been validated as therapeutic targets for human diseases. Historically, the development of drugs targeting PTPs has been highly challenging, leading to stigmatization of these enzymes as undruggable targets. Despite these difficulties, efforts to drug PTPs have persisted, and recent years have seen an influx of new probes providing opportunities for biological examination of old and new PTP targets. Here we discuss progress towards drugging PTPs with special emphasis on the development of selective probes with biological activity. We describe the development of new small-molecule orthosteric, allosteric, and oligomerization-inhibiting PTP inhibitors and discuss new studies targeting the receptor PTP (RPTP) subfamily with biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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