1
|
Wakasugi R, Suzuki K, Kaneko-Kawano T. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6415. [PMID: 38928121 PMCID: PMC11203514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form a monolayer in the vascular lumen and act as a selective barrier to control the permeability between blood and tissues. To maintain homeostasis, the endothelial barrier function must be strictly integrated. During acute inflammation, vascular permeability temporarily increases, allowing intravascular fluid, cells, and other components to permeate tissues. Moreover, it has been suggested that the dysregulation of endothelial cell permeability may cause several diseases, including edema, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells regulate the barrier function and physiological permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (R.W.); (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang JM, Zhang FH, Liu ZX, Tang YJ, Li JF, Xie LP. Cancer on motors: How kinesins drive prostate cancer progression? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116229. [PMID: 38643904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer causes numerous male deaths annually. Although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer during the past several decades, much about this disease remains unknown, especially its pathobiology. The kinesin superfamily is a pivotal group of motor proteins, that contains a microtubule-based motor domain and features an adenosine triphosphatase activity and motility characteristics. Large-scale sequencing analyses based on clinical samples and animal models have shown that several members of the kinesin family are dysregulated in prostate cancer. Abnormal expression of kinesins could be linked to uncontrolled cell growth, inhibited apoptosis and increased metastasis ability. Additionally, kinesins may be implicated in chemotherapy resistance and escape immunologic cytotoxicity, which creates a barrier to cancer treatment. Here we cover the recent advances in understanding how kinesins may drive prostate cancer progression and how targeting their function may be a therapeutic strategy. A better understanding of kinesins in prostate cancer tumorigenesis may be pivotal for improving disease outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vemuri K, de Alves Pereira B, Fuenzalida P, Subashi Y, Barbera S, van Hooren L, Hedlund M, Pontén F, Lindskog C, Olsson AK, Lugano R, Dimberg A. CD93 maintains endothelial barrier function and limits metastatic dissemination. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169830. [PMID: 38441970 PMCID: PMC11128212 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Compromised vascular integrity facilitates extravasation of cancer cells and promotes metastatic dissemination. CD93 has emerged as a target for antiangiogenic therapy, but its importance for vascular integrity in metastatic cancers has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that CD93 participates in maintaining the endothelial barrier and reducing metastatic dissemination. Primary melanoma growth was hampered in CD93-/- mice, but metastatic dissemination was increased and associated with disruption of adherens and tight junctions in tumor endothelial cells and elevated expression of matrix metalloprotease 9 at the metastatic site. CD93 directly interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its absence led to VEGF-induced hyperphosphorylation of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells. Antagonistic anti-VEGFR2 antibody therapy rescued endothelial barrier function and reduced the metastatic burden in CD93-/- mice to wild-type levels. These findings reveal a key role of CD93 in maintaining vascular integrity, which has implications for pathological angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function in metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Vemuri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Beatriz de Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Patricia Fuenzalida
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Yelin Subashi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Stefano Barbera
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, and
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma N, Wibowo YC, Wirtz P, Baltus D, Wieland T, Jansen S. Tankyrase inhibition interferes with junction remodeling, induces leakiness, and disturbs YAP1/TAZ signaling in the endothelium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1763-1789. [PMID: 37741944 PMCID: PMC10858845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrase inhibitors are increasingly considered for therapeutic use in malignancies that are characterized by high intrinsic β-catenin activity. However, how tankyrase inhibition affects the endothelium after systemic application remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 affects endothelial cell function and the underlying mechanism involved. Endothelial cell function was analyzed using sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, junctional dynamics, and permeability using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and explanted mouse retina. Underlying signaling was studied using western blot, immunofluorescence, and qPCR in HUVEC in addition to luciferase reporter gene assays in human embryonic kidney cells. XAV939 treatment leads to altered junctional dynamics and permeability as well as impaired endothelial migration. Mechanistically, XAV939 increased stability of the angiomotin-like proteins 1 and 2, which impedes the nuclear translocation of YAP1/TAZ and consequently suppresses TEAD-mediated transcription. Intriguingly, XAV939 disrupts adherens junctions by inducing RhoA-Rho dependent kinase (ROCK)-mediated F-actin bundling, whereas disruption of F-actin bundling through the ROCK inhibitor H1152 restores endothelial cell function. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by an increase in nuclear TAZ and TEAD-mediated transcription, suggesting differential regulation of YAP1 and TAZ by the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the complex relationship between the actin cytoskeleton, YAP1/TAZ signaling, and endothelial cell function and how tankyrase inhibition disturbs this well-balanced signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Phillip Wirtz
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Doris Baltus
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sepp Jansen
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Ring S, Proulx ST, Richards M, Martinsson P, Li X, Claesson-Welsh L, Ulvmar MH, Jin Y. VE-cadherin junction dynamics in initial lymphatic vessels promotes lymph node metastasis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302168. [PMID: 38148112 PMCID: PMC10751244 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial junction component vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin governs junctional dynamics in the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Here, we explored how lymphatic junction stability is modulated by elevated VEGFA signaling to facilitate metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. Zippering of VE-cadherin junctions was established in dermal initial lymphatic vessels after VEGFA injection and in tumor-proximal lymphatics in mice. Shape analysis of pan-cellular VE-cadherin fragments revealed that junctional zippering was accompanied by accumulation of small round-shaped VE-cadherin fragments in the lymphatic endothelium. In mice expressing a mutant VEGFR2 lacking the Y949 phosphosite (Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F ) required for activation of Src family kinases, zippering of lymphatic junctions persisted, whereas accumulation of small VE-cadherin fragments was suppressed. Moreover, tumor cell entry into initial lymphatic vessels and subsequent metastatic spread to lymph nodes was reduced in mutant mice compared with WT, after challenge with B16F10 melanoma or EO771 breast cancer. We conclude that VEGFA mediates zippering of VE-cadherin junctions in initial lymphatics. Zippering is accompanied by increased VE-cadherin fragmentation through VEGFA-induced Src kinase activation, correlating with tumor dissemination to sentinel lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Ring
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven T Proulx
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zürich, Switzerland
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Richards
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Martinsson
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria H Ulvmar
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi Jin
- https://ror.org/048a87296 Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clevenger AJ, McFarlin MK, Gorley JPM, Solberg SC, Madyastha AK, Raghavan SA. Advances in cancer mechanobiology: Metastasis, mechanics, and materials. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:011502. [PMID: 38449522 PMCID: PMC10917464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are exposed to numerous mechanical forces, both internally and externally, which contribute to the metastatic cascade. From the initial growth of the tumor to traveling through the vasculature and to the eventual colonization of distant organs, tumor cells are continuously interacting with their surroundings through physical contact and mechanical force application. The mechanical forces found in the TME can be simplified into three main categories: (i) shear stress, (ii) tension and strain, and (iii) solid stress and compression. Each force type can independently impact tumor growth and progression. Here, we review recent bioengineering strategies, which have been employed to establish the connection between mechanical forces and tumor progression. While many cancers are explored in this review, we place great emphasis on cancers that are understudied in their response to mechanical forces, such as ovarian and colorectal cancers. We discuss the major steps of metastatic transformation and present novel, recent advances in model systems used to study how mechanical forces impact the study of the metastatic cascade. We end by summarizing systems that incorporate multiple forces to expand the complexity of our understanding of how tumor cells sense and respond to mechanical forces in their environment. Future studies would also benefit from the inclusion of time or the aspect of mechanical memory to further enhance this field. While the knowledge of mechanical forces and tumor metastasis grows, developing novel materials and in vitro systems are essential to providing new insight into predicting, treating, and preventing cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maygan K. McFarlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - John Paul M. Gorley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Spencer C. Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Anirudh K. Madyastha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi B, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Kou L, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Biomaterial-assisted strategies to improve islet graft revascularization and transplant outcomes. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:821-836. [PMID: 38168805 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Islet transplantation holds significant promise as a curative approach for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the transition of islet transplantation from the experimental phase to widespread clinical implementation has not occurred yet. One major hurdle in this field is the challenge of insufficient vascularization and subsequent early loss of transplanted islets, especially in non-intraportal transplantation sites. The establishment of a fully functional vascular system following transplantation is crucial for the survival and secretion function of islet grafts. This vascular network not only ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, but also plays a critical role in insulin release and the timely removal of metabolic waste from the grafts. This review summarizes recent advances in effective strategies to improve graft revascularization and enhance islet survival. These advancements include the local release and regulation of angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), co-transplantation of vascular fragments, and pre-vascularization of the graft site. These innovative approaches pave the way for the development of effective islet transplantation therapies for individuals with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar R, Rottner K, Rao GN. Requirement of Site-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cortactin in Retinal Neovascularization and Vascular Leakage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:366-390. [PMID: 38126170 PMCID: PMC10872470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers the development of abnormal and leaky blood vessels. METHODS A variety of cellular and molecular approaches as well as tissue-specific knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Cttn (cortactin) in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. RESULTS We found that VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulates Cttn phosphorylation at Y421, Y453, and Y470 residues in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we observed that while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 inhibited VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events, suppression of Y421 phosphorylation protected endothelial barrier integrity from disruption by VEGFA. In line with these observations, while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 negated oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization, interference with Y421 phosphorylation prevented VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, while phosphorylation at Y470 was required for its interaction with Arp2/3 and CDC6 facilitating actin polymerization and DNA synthesis, respectively, Cttn phosphorylation at Y421 leads to its dissociation from VE-cadherin, resulting in adherens junction disruption. Furthermore, whereas Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 residue was dependent on Lyn, its phosphorylation at Y421 residue required Syk activation. Accordingly, lentivirus-mediated expression of shRNA targeting Lyn or Syk levels inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The above observations show for the first time that phosphorylation of Cttn is involved in a site-specific manner in the regulation of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. In view of these findings, Cttn could be a novel target for the development of therapeutics against vascular diseases such as retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pathak A, Pal AK, Roy S, Nandave M, Jain K. Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9077926. [PMID: 38213742 PMCID: PMC10783989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9077926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the human body, from wound healing to tumor progression. "Angiogenic switch" indicates a time-restricted event where the imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors results in the transition from prevascular hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor, which eventually leads to the malignant cancer progression. In the last decade, molecular players, i.e., angiogenic biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, have been intensely investigated. Disrupting the initiation and halting the progression of angiogenesis by targeting these biomarkers and molecular pathways has been considered as a potential treatment approach for tumor angiogenesis. This review discusses the currently known biomarkers and available antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, i.e., monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, small molecular inhibitors, miRNAs, siRNAs, angiostatin, endostatin, and melatonin analogues, either approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or currently under clinical and preclinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baluk P, Shirakura K, Vestweber D, McDonald DM. Heterogeneity of endothelial VE-PTP downstream polarization, Tie2 activation, junctional claudin-5, and permeability in the aorta and vena cava. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:81-103. [PMID: 38032480 PMCID: PMC10774230 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of mammalian blood vessels have multiple levels of heterogeneity along the vascular tree and among different organs. Further heterogeneity results from blood flow turbulence and variations in shear stress. In the aorta, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), which dephosphorylates tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 in the plasma membrane, undergoes downstream polarization and endocytosis in endothelial cells exposed to laminar flow and high shear stress. VE-PTP sequestration promotes Tie2 phosphorylation at tyrosine992 and endothelial barrier tightening. The present study characterized the heterogeneity of VE-PTP polarization, Tie2-pY992 and total Tie2, and claudin-5 in anatomically defined regions of endothelial cells in the mouse descending thoracic aorta, where laminar flow is variable and IgG extravasation is patchy. We discovered that VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 had mosaic patterns, unlike the uniform distribution of total Tie2. Claudin-5 at tight junctions also had a mosaic pattern, whereas VE-cadherin at adherens junctions bordered all endothelial cells. Importantly, the amounts of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 in aortic endothelial cells correlated with downstream polarization of VE-PTP. VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 also had mosaic patterns in the vena cava, but claudin-5 was nearly absent and extravasated IgG was ubiquitous. Correlation of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 with VE-PTP polarization supports their collective interaction in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in the aorta, yet differences between the aorta and vena cava indicate additional flow-related determinants of permeability. Together, the results highlight new levels of endothelial cell functional mosaicism in the aorta and vena cava, where blood flow dynamics are well known to be heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Keisuke Shirakura
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rudraraju M, Shan S, Liu F, Tyler J, Caldwell RB, Somanath PR, Narayanan SP. Pharmacological Modulation of β-Catenin Preserves Endothelial Barrier Integrity and Mitigates Retinal Vascular Permeability and Inflammation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7145. [PMID: 38002758 PMCID: PMC10672253 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity is a significant factor in ocular diseases like uveitis and retinopathies, leading to pathological vascular permeability and retinal edema. Adherens and tight junction (AJ and TJ) dysregulation due to retinal inflammation plays a pivotal role in BRB disruption. We investigated the potential of ICG001, which inhibits β-catenin-mediated transcription, in stabilizing cell junctions and preventing BRB leakage. In vitro studies using human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) showed that ICG001 treatment improved β-Catenin distribution within AJs post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and enhanced monolayer barrier resistance. The in vivo experiments involved a mouse model of LPS-induced ocular inflammation. LPS treatment resulted in increased albumin leakage from retinal vessels, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein (PLVAP) expression, as well as microglia and macroglia activation. ICG001 treatment (i.p.) effectively mitigated albumin leakage, reduced VEGF and PLVAP expression, and reduced the number of activated microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, ICG001 treatment suppressed the surge in inflammatory cytokine synthesis induced by LPS. These findings highlight the potential of interventions targeting β-Catenin to enhance cell junction stability and improve compromised barrier integrity in various ocular inflammatory diseases, offering hope for better management and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Rudraraju
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shengshuai Shan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jennifer Tyler
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Ferrara N. Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:816-834. [PMID: 37491579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA; also known as VEGF) and its two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, represent a key signalling pathway mediating physiological angiogenesis and are also major therapeutic targets. VEGFA is a member of the gene family that includes VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placental growth factor (PLGF). Three decades after its initial isolation and cloning, VEGFA is arguably the most extensively investigated signalling system in angiogenesis. Although many mediators of angiogenesis have been identified, including members of the FGF family, angiopoietins, TGFβ and sphingosine 1-phosphate, all current FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway. Anti-VEGF agents are widely used in oncology and, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, are now the standard of care in multiple malignancies. Anti-VEGF drugs have also revolutionized the treatment of neovascular eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and ischaemic retinal disorders. In this Review, we emphasize the molecular, structural and cellular basis of VEGFA action as well as recent findings illustrating unexpected interactions with other pathways and provocative reports on the role of VEGFA in regenerative medicine. We also discuss clinical and translational aspects of VEGFA. Given the crucial role that VEGFA plays in regulating angiogenesis in health and disease, this molecule is largely the focus of this Review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sjöberg E, Melssen M, Richards M, Ding Y, Chanoca C, Chen D, Nwadozi E, Pal S, Love DT, Ninchoji T, Shibuya M, Simons M, Dimberg A, Claesson-Welsh L. Endothelial VEGFR2-PLCγ signaling regulates vascular permeability and antitumor immunity through eNOS/Src. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161366. [PMID: 37651195 PMCID: PMC10575733 DOI: 10.1172/jci161366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) is essential for vascular development; however, its role in healthy, mature, or pathological vessels is unexplored. Here, we show that PLCγ was prominently expressed in vessels of several human cancer forms, notably in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). High PLCγ expression in clear cell RCC correlated with angiogenic activity and poor prognosis, while low expression correlated with immune cell activation. PLCγ was induced downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphosite Y1173 (pY1173). Heterozygous Vegfr2Y1173F/+ mice or mice lacking endothelial PLCγ (Plcg1iECKO) exhibited a stabilized endothelial barrier and diminished vascular leakage. Barrier stabilization was accompanied by decreased expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, reduced infiltration of B cells, helper T cells and regulatory T cells, and improved response to chemo- and immunotherapy. Mechanistically, pY1173/PLCγ signaling induced Ca2+/protein kinase C-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), required for tyrosine nitration and activation of Src. Src-induced phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y685 was accompanied by disintegration of endothelial junctions. This pY1173/PLCγ/eNOS/Src pathway was detected in both healthy and tumor vessels in Vegfr2Y1173F/+ mice, which displayed decreased activation of PLCγ and eNOS and suppressed vascular leakage. Thus, we believe that we have identified a clinically relevant endothelial PLCγ pathway downstream of VEGFR2 pY1173, which destabilizes the endothelial barrier and results in loss of antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sjöberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marit Melssen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yindi Ding
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catarina Chanoca
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sagnik Pal
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominic T. Love
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ninchoji
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zarkada G, Chen X, Zhou X, Lange M, Zeng L, Lv W, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou W, Liu K, Chen D, Ricard N, Liao JK, Kim YB, Benedito R, Claesson-Welsh L, Alitalo K, Simons M, Ju R, Li X, Eichmann A, Zhang F. Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption. Circ Res 2023; 133:333-349. [PMID: 37462027 PMCID: PMC10530007 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels are responsible for tissue drainage, and their malfunction is associated with chronic diseases. Lymph uptake occurs via specialized open cell-cell junctions between capillary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas closed junctions in collecting LECs prevent lymph leakage. LEC junctions are known to dynamically remodel in development and disease, but how lymphatic permeability is regulated remains poorly understood. METHODS We used various genetically engineered mouse models in combination with cellular, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches to elucidate the signaling pathways regulating junction morphology and function in lymphatic capillaries. RESULTS By studying the permeability of intestinal lacteal capillaries to lipoprotein particles known as chylomicrons, we show that ROCK (Rho-associated kinase)-dependent cytoskeletal contractility is a fundamental mechanism of LEC permeability regulation. We show that chylomicron-derived lipids trigger neonatal lacteal junction opening via ROCK-dependent contraction of junction-anchored stress fibers. LEC-specific ROCK deletion abolished junction opening and plasma lipid uptake. Chylomicrons additionally inhibited VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A signaling. We show that VEGF-A antagonizes LEC junction opening via VEGFR (VEGF receptor) 2 and VEGFR3-dependent PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) activation of the small GTPase RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1), thereby restricting RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK-mediated cytoskeleton contraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that antagonistic inputs into ROCK-dependent cytoskeleton contractions regulate the interconversion of lymphatic junctions in the intestine and in other tissues, providing a tunable mechanism to control the lymphatic barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuetong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Martin Lange
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - James K. Liao
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Simons
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bian F, Lan YW, Zhao S, Deng Z, Shukla S, Acharya A, Donovan J, Le T, Milewski D, Bacchetta M, Hozain AE, Tipograf Y, Chen YW, Xu Y, Shi D, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. Lung endothelial cells regulate pulmonary fibrosis through FOXF1/R-Ras signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2560. [PMID: 37137915 PMCID: PMC10156846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis results from dysregulated lung repair and involves multiple cell types. The role of endothelial cells (EC) in lung fibrosis is poorly understood. Using single cell RNA-sequencing we identified endothelial transcription factors involved in lung fibrogenesis, including FOXF1, SMAD6, ETV6 and LEF1. Focusing on FOXF1, we found that FOXF1 is decreased in EC within human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and mouse bleomycin-injured lungs. Endothelial-specific Foxf1 inhibition in mice increased collagen depositions, promoted lung inflammation, and impaired R-Ras signaling. In vitro, FOXF1-deficient EC increased proliferation, invasion and activation of human lung fibroblasts, and stimulated macrophage migration by secreting IL-6, TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL1. FOXF1 inhibited TNFα and CCL2 through direct transcriptional activation of Rras gene promoter. Transgenic overexpression or endothelial-specific nanoparticle delivery of Foxf1 cDNA decreased pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-injured mice. Nanoparticle delivery of FOXF1 cDNA can be considered for future therapies in IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Bian
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zicheng Deng
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anusha Acharya
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Johnny Donovan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tien Le
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Milewski
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmed Emad Hozain
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yuliya Tipograf
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Department of Otolaryngology, Institute for Airway Sciences, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Furtado J, Geraldo LH, Leser FS, Poulet M, Park H, Pibouin-Fragner L, Eichmann A, Boyé K. Netrin-1 binding to Unc5B regulates Blood-Retina Barrier integrity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.21.525006. [PMID: 36711611 PMCID: PMC9882365 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.21.525006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The blood brain barrier (BBB) preserves neuronal function in the central nervous system (CNS) by tightly controlling metabolite exchanges with the blood. In the eye, the retina is likewise protected by the blood-retina barrier (BRB) to maintain phototransduction. We showed that the secreted guidance cue Netrin-1 regulated BBB integrity, by binding to endothelial Unc5B and regulating canonical β-catenin dependent expression of BBB gene expression. Objective Here, we investigated if Netrin-1-binding to endothelial Unc5B also controlled BRB integrity, and if this process involved Norrin/β-catenin signaling, which is the major known driver of BRB development and maintenance. Methods We analyzed Tamoxifen-inducible loss- and gain- of-function alleles of Unc5B, Ntn1 and Ctnnb1 in conjunction with tracer injections and biochemical signaling studies. Results Inducible endothelial Unc5B deletion, and inducible global Ntn1 deletion in postnatal mice reduced phosphorylation of the Norrin receptor LRP5, leading to reduced β-catenin and LEF1 expression, conversion of retina endothelial cells from a barrier-competent Claudin-5+/PLVAP- state to a Claudin-5-/PLVAP+ leaky phenotype, and extravasation of injected low molecular weight tracers. Inducible Ctnnb1 gain of function rescued vascular leak in Unc5B mutants, and Ntn1 overexpression induced BRB tightening. Unc5B expression in pericytes contributed to BRB permeability, via regulation of endothelial Unc5B. Mechanistically, Netrin-1-Unc5B signaling promoted β-catenin dependent BRB signaling by enhancing phosphorylation of the Norrin receptor LRP5 via the Discs large homologue 1 (Dlg1) intracellular scaffolding protein. Conclusions The data identify Netrin1-Unc5B as novel regulators of BRB integrity, with implications for diseases associated with BRB disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Furtado
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Luiz Henrique Geraldo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | - Mathilde Poulet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| | - Hyojin Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| | - Kevin Boyé
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peluzzo AM, Bkhache M, Do LNH, Autieri MV, Liu X. Differential regulation of lymphatic junctional morphology and the potential effects on cardiovascular diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198052. [PMID: 37187962 PMCID: PMC10175597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature provides an essential route to drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from the interstitium as lymph, returning it to the bloodstream where the thoracic duct meets the subclavian vein. To ensure functional lymphatic drainage, the lymphatic system contains a complex network of vessels which has differential regulation of unique cell-cell junctions. The lymphatic endothelial cells lining initial lymphatic vessels form permeable "button-like" junctions which allow substances to enter the vessel. Collecting lymphatic vessels form less permeable "zipper-like" junctions which retain lymph within the vessel and prevent leakage. Therefore, sections of the lymphatic bed are differentially permeable, regulated in part by its junctional morphology. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of regulating lymphatic junctional morphology, highlighting how it relates to lymphatic permeability during development and disease. We will also discuss the effect of alterations in lymphatic permeability on efficient lymphatic flux in health and how it may affect cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou W, Liu K, Zeng L, He J, Gao X, Gu X, Chen X, Jing Li J, Wang M, Wu D, Cai Z, Claesson-Welsh L, Ju R, Wang J, Zhang F, Chen Y. Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 Signaling-Mediated Vascular Permeability Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1855-1881. [PMID: 36384284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2), but whether and how activation of VEGF-A signal participates in the pathogenesis of PH is unclear. METHODS VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signal activation and VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular leak were investigated in lung samples from patients with PH and mice exposed to hypoxia. To study their mechanistic roles in hypoxic PH, we examined right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vasculopathy in mutant mice carrying knock-in of phenylalanine that replaced the tyrosine at residual 949 of VEGFR2 (Vefgr2Y949F) and mice with conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 after chronic hypoxia exposure. RESULTS We show that PH leads to excessive pulmonary vascular leak in both patients and hypoxic mice, and this is because of an overactivated VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 signaling axis. In the context of hypoxic PH, activation of Yes1 and c-Src and subsequent VE-cadherin phosphorylation in endothelial cells are involved in VEGFR2 Y949-induced vascular permeability. Abolishing VEGFR2 Y949 signaling by Vefgr2Y949F point mutation was sufficient to prevent pulmonary vascular permeability and inhibit macrophage infiltration and Rac1 activation in smooth muscle cells under hypoxia exposure, thereby leading to alleviated PH manifestations, including muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles, elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is important that we found that VEGFR2 Y949 signaling in myeloid cells including macrophages was trivial and dispensable for hypoxia-induced vascular abnormalities and PH. In contrast with selective blockage of VEGFR2 Y949 signaling, disruption of the entire VEGFR2 signaling by conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 promotes the development of PH. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular permeability is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of PH and might serve as an attractive therapeutic target pathway for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi He
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Minghui Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.C.-W.)
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin Y, Ding Y, Richards M, Kaakinen M, Giese W, Baumann E, Szymborska A, Rosa A, Nordling S, Schimmel L, Akmeriç EB, Pena A, Nwadozi E, Jamalpour M, Holstein K, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Bernabeu MO, Welsh M, Gordon E, Franco CA, Vestweber D, Eklund L, Gerhardt H, Claesson-Welsh L. Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes controls endothelial junctional plasticity and barrier integrity by regulating VE-cadherin phosphorylation and endocytosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1156-1173. [PMID: 37936984 PMCID: PMC7615285 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in endothelial adherens junctions is an essential component of the vascular barrier, critical for tissue homeostasis and implicated in diseases such as cancer and retinopathies. Inhibitors of Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase have been applied to suppress VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and prevent excessive leakage, edema and high interstitial pressure. Here we show that the Src-related Yes tyrosine kinase, rather than Src, is localized at endothelial cell (EC) junctions where it becomes activated in a flow-dependent manner. EC-specific Yes1 deletion suppresses VE-cadherin phosphorylation and arrests VE-cadherin at EC junctions. This is accompanied by loss of EC collective migration and exaggerated agonist-induced macromolecular leakage. Overexpression of Yes1 causes ectopic VE-cadherin phosphorylation, while vascular leakage is unaffected. In contrast, in EC-specific Src-deficiency, VE-cadherin internalization is maintained, and leakage is suppressed. In conclusion, Yes-mediated phosphorylation regulates constitutive VE-cadherin turnover, thereby maintaining endothelial junction plasticity and vascular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yindi Ding
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mika Kaakinen
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Baumann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - André Rosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Emir Bora Akmeriç
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia Pena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - Joao lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katrin Holstein
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Gordon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Claudio A. Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - Joao lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Portugal
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bu MT, Chandrasekhar P, Ding L, Hugo W. The roles of TGF-β and VEGF pathways in the suppression of antitumor immunity in melanoma and other solid tumors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108211. [PMID: 35577211 PMCID: PMC10956517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become well-known in cancer therapy, strengthening the body's antitumor immune response rather than directly targeting cancer cells. Therapies targeting immune inhibitory checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, have resulted in impressive clinical responses across different types of solid tumors. However, as with other types of cancer treatments, ICB-based immunotherapy is hampered by both innate and acquired drug resistance. We previously reported the enrichment of gene signatures associated with wound healing, epithelial-to-mesenchymal, and angiogenesis processes in the tumors of patients with innate resistance to PD-1 checkpoint antibody therapy; we termed these the Innate Anti-PD-1 Resistance Signatures (IPRES). The TGF-β and VEGFA pathways emerge as the dominant drivers of IPRES-associated processes. Here, we review these pathways' functions, their roles in immunosuppression, and the currently available therapies that target them. We also discuss recent developments in the targeting of TGF-β using a specific antibody class termed trap antibody. The application of trap antibodies opens the promise of localized targeting of the TGF-β and VEGFA pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Such specificity may offer an enhanced therapeutic window that enables suppression of the IPRES processes in the tumor microenvironment while sparing the normal homeostatic functions of TGF-β and VEGFA in healthy tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Bu
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pallavi Chandrasekhar
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lizhong Ding
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy UCLA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy UCLA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sung DC, Chen M, Dominguez MH, Mahadevan A, Chen X, Yang J, Gao S, Ren AA, Tang AT, Mericko P, Patton R, Lee M, Jannaway M, Nottebaum A, Vestweber D, Scallan JP, Kahn ML. Sinusoidal and lymphatic vessel growth is controlled by reciprocal VEGF-C-CDH5 inhibition. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1006-1021. [PMID: 36910472 PMCID: PMC9997205 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sinusoids are specialized, low pressure blood vessels in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen required for definitive hematopoiesis. Unlike other blood endothelial cells (ECs), sinusoidal ECs express high levels of VEGFR3. VEGFR3 and its ligand VEGF-C are known to support lymphatic growth, but their function in sinusoidal vessels is unknown. In this study, we define a reciprocal VEGF-C/VEGFR3-CDH5 (VE-cadherin) signaling axis that controls growth of both sinusoidal and lymphatic vessels. Loss of VEGF-C or VEGFR3 resulted in cutaneous edema, reduced fetal liver size, and bloodless bone marrow due to impaired lymphatic and sinusoidal vessel growth. Mice with membrane-retained VE-cadherin conferred identical lymphatic and sinusoidal defects, suggesting that VE-cadherin opposes VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling. In developing mice, loss of VE-cadherin rescued defects in sinusoidal and lymphatic growth caused by loss of VEGFR3 but not loss of VEGF-C, findings explained by potentiated VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling in VEGFR3-deficient lymphatic ECs. Mechanistically, VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling induces VE-cadherin endocytosis and loss of function via SRC-mediated phosphorylation, while VE-cadherin prevents VEGFR3 endocytosis required for optimal receptor signaling. These findings establish an essential role for VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling during sinusoidal vascular growth, identify VE-cadherin as a powerful negative regulator of VEGF-C signaling that acts through both VEGFR3 and VEGFR2 receptors, and suggest that negative regulation of VE-cadherin is required for effective VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling during growth of sinusoidal and lymphatic vessels. Manipulation of this reciprocal negative regulatory mechanism, e.g. by reducing VE-cadherin function, may be used to stimulate therapeutic sinusoidal or lymphatic vessel growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Sung
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mei Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aparna Mahadevan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aileen A. Ren
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan T. Tang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Mericko
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raiyah Patton
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle Lee
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Astrid Nottebaum
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark L. Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ozaki S, Mikami K, Kunieda T, Tanaka J. Chloride Intracellular Channel Proteins (CLICs) and Malignant Tumor Progression: A Focus on the Preventive Role of CLIC2 in Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194890. [PMID: 36230813 PMCID: PMC9562003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) have been identified as ion channel proteins, their true functions are still elusive. Recent in silico analyses show that CLICs may be prognostic markers in cancer. This review focuses on CLIC2 that plays preventive roles in malignant cell invasion and metastasis. CLIC2 is secreted extracellularly and binds to matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), while inhibiting its activity. As a result, CLIC2 may contribute to the development/maintenance of junctions between blood vessel endothelial cells and the inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. CLIC2 may be a novel therapeutic target for malignancies. Abstract CLICs are the dimorphic protein present in both soluble and membrane fractions. As an integral membrane protein, CLICs potentially possess ion channel activity. However, it is not fully clarified what kinds of roles CLICs play in physiological and pathological conditions. In vertebrates, CLICs are classified into six classes: CLIC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Recently, in silico analyses have revealed that the expression level of CLICs may have prognostic significance in cancer. In this review, we focus on CLIC2, which has received less attention than other CLICs, and discuss its role in the metastasis and invasion of malignant tumor cells. CLIC2 is expressed at higher levels in benign tumors than in malignant ones, most likely preventing tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissues. CLIC2 is also expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of normal tissues and maintains their intercellular adhesive junctions, presumably suppressing the hematogenous metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Surprisingly, CLIC2 is localized in secretory granules and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Secreted CLIC2 binds to MMP14 and inhibits its activity, leading to suppressed MMP2 activity. CLIC4, on the other hand, promotes MMP14 activity. These findings challenge the assumption that CLICs are ion channels, implying that they could be potential new targets for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Suita 564-8565, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.T.)
| | - Kanta Mikami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li DK, Chen XR, Wang LN, Wang JH, Li JK, Zhou ZY, Li X, Cai LB, Zhong SS, Zhang JJ, Zeng YM, Zhang QB, Fu XY, Lyu XM, Li MY, Huang ZX, Yao KT. Exosomal HMGA2 protein from EBV-positive NPC cells destroys vascular endothelial barriers and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1439-1451. [PMID: 35388172 PMCID: PMC9576596 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability facilitates metastasis. Cancer-secreted exosomes are emerging mediators of cancer-host crosstalk. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), identified as the first human tumor-associated virus, plays a crucial role in metastatic tumors, especially in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To date, whether and how exosomes from EBV-infected NPC cells affect vascular permeability remains unclear. Here, we show that exosomes from EBV-positive NPC cells, but not exosomes from EBV-negative NPC cells, destroy endothelial cell tight junction (TJ) proteins, which are natural barriers against metastasis, and promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that the level of HMGA2 protein was higher in exosomes derived from EBV-positive NPC cells compared with that in exosomes derived from EBV-negative NPC cells. Depletion of HMGA2 in exosomes derived from EBV-positive NPC cells attenuates endothelial cell dysfunction and tumor cell metastasis. In contrast, exosomes from HMGA2 overexpressing EBV-negative NPC cells promoted these processes. Furthermore, we showed that HMGA2 upregulates the expression of Snail, which contributes to TJ proteins reduction and EndMT in endothelial cells. Moreover, the level of HMGA2 in circulating exosomes is significantly higher in NPC patients with metastasis than in those without metastasis and healthy negative controls, and the level of HMGA2 in tumor cells is associated with TJ and EndMT protein expression in endothelial cells. Collectively, our findings suggest exosomal HMGA2 from EBV-positive NPC cells promotes tumor metastasis by targeting multiple endothelial TJ and promoting EndMT, which highlights secreted HMGA2 as a potential therapeutic target and a predictive marker for NPC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xing-Rui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ji-Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Lin-Bo Cai
- Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510510, China
| | | | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital of Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Qian-Bing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army of China, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lyu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Min-Ying Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China.
| | - Zhong-Xi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, O'Hashi K, Sakai K, Hattori K, Hidese S, Nakajima S, Chiba S, Yoshimura A, Fukuzato N, Kando M, Tatsumi M, Ogawa S, Ichinohe N, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction and stress-induced depression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3822-3832. [PMID: 35618888 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that stress induces the neurovascular dysfunction associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which could be an important pathology linking stress and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the detailed mechanism resulting in BBB dysfunction associated in the pathophysiology of MDD still remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of vascular angiogenesis and BBB permeability, in stress-induced BBB dysfunction and depressive-like behavior development. We implemented an animal model of depression, chronic restraint stress (RS) in BALB/c mice, and found that the BBB permeability was significantly increased in chronically stressed mice. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations revealed that increased BBB permeability was associated with both paracellular and transcellular barrier alterations in the brain endothelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a specific monoclonal antibody (DC101) prevented chronic RS-induced BBB permeability and anhedonic behavior. Considered together, these results indicate that VEGF/VEGFR2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression by increasing the BBB permeability, and suggest that VEGFR2 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the MDD subtype associated with BBB dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medical Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kando
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatsumi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. .,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen D, Ye X, Li J, Hao X, Jin L, Jin Y, Tong L, Gao F. Metformin Preserves VE–Cadherin in Choroid Plexus and Attenuates Hydrocephalus via VEGF/VEGFR2/p-Src in an Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158552. [PMID: 35955686 PMCID: PMC9369137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus induced by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with unfavorable prognosis. The increased permeability of choroid plexus and breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was reported as a prominent mechanism of IVH-induced hydrocephalus, and vascular endothelial–cadherin (VE–cadherin) was demonstrated to be relevant. Metformin was reported to protect endothelial junction and preserve permeability widely; however, its role in hydrocephalus remains unclear. In this study, the decreased expression of VE–cadherin in the choroid plexus, accompanied with ventricle dilation, was investigated in an IVH rat model induced by intraventricular injection of autologous blood. Metformin treatment ameliorated hydrocephalus and upregulated VE–cadherin expression in choroid plexus meanwhile. We then observed that the internalization of VE–cadherin caused by the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling after IVH was related to the occurrence of hydrocephalus, whereas it can be reversed by metformin treatment. Restraining VEGF signaling by antagonizing VEGFR2 or inhibiting Src phosphorylation increased the expression of VE–cadherin and decreased the severity of hydrocephalus after IVH. Our study demonstrated that the internalization of VE–cadherin via the activation of VEGF signaling may contribute to IVH-induced hydrocephalus, and metformin may be a potential protector via suppressing this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xianghua Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Neurology, Henan Province People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Luhang Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yujia Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Lusha Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Richards M, Claesson-Welsh L. Targeting VEGF-induced vascular permeability. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:413-414. [PMID: 39195948 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is critical for proper function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that the endothelial Unc5B receptor controls BBB integrity by maintaining Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Unc5B in adult mice leads to BBB leak from brain capillaries that convert to a barrier-incompetent state with reduced Claudin-5 and increased PLVAP expression. Loss of Unc5B decreases BBB Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and β-catenin overexpression rescues Unc5B mutant BBB defects. Mechanistically, the Unc5B ligand Netrin-1 enhances Unc5B interaction with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, induces its phosphorylation and activates Wnt/β-catenin downstream signaling. Intravenous delivery of antibodies blocking Netrin-1 binding to Unc5B causes a transient BBB breakdown and disruption of Wnt signaling, followed by neurovascular barrier resealing. These data identify Netrin-1-Unc5B signaling as a ligand-receptor pathway that regulates BBB integrity, with implications for CNS diseases. The authors show that Netrin-1-Unc5B signaling controls blood-brain barrier integrity by maintaining Wnt/b-catenin signaling and that delivery of antibodies blocking Netrin-1 binding to Unc5B causes transient and size-selective BBB breakdown.
Collapse
|
28
|
Qian K, Zheng XX, Wang C, Huang WG, Liu XB, Xu SD, Liu DK, Liu MY, Lin CS. β-Sitosterol Inhibits Rheumatoid Synovial Angiogenesis Through Suppressing VEGF Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:816477. [PMID: 35295740 PMCID: PMC8918576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.816477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disabling inflammatory disease that causes synovial angiogenesis in an invasive manner and leads to joint destruction. Currently available pharmacotherapy for RA has unwanted side effects and limitations. Although anti-angiogenic therapy is regarded as a new potential treatment for RA, only a few anti-angiogenic drugs are available. An increasing number of studies have shown that β-sitosterol (BSS) may exert inhibitory effects against angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms involved are still unclear.Methods: Based on the results of the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the transcriptome data of endothelial cells from RA patients, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of BSS on the tube formation, cell proliferation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the effects of BSS treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were determined using molecular docking and Western blotting. Additionally, in the presence or absence of BSS, synovial angiogenesis and joint destruction of the ankle were investigated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. The effect of BSS treatment on VEGFR2/p-VEGFR2 expression was verified through immunohistochemical staining.Results: The immunohistochemistry results revealed that BSS treatment inhibited angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the results of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and cell cycle analysis showed that BSS treatment suppressed the proliferation of HUVECs, while the Transwell migration and stress fiber assays demonstrated that BSS treatment inhibited the migration of HUVECs. Notably, the inhibitory effect of BSS treatment on VEGFR2/p-VEGFR2 was similar to that of axitinib. In CIA mice, BSS also exerted therapeutic effects on the ankles by reducing the degree of swelling, ameliorating bone and cartilage damage, preventing synovial angiogenesis, and inhibiting VEGFR2 and p-VEGFR2 expression.Conclusion: Therefore, our findings demonstrate that BSS exerts an inhibitory effect on synovial angiogenesis by suppressing the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, thereby alleviating joint swelling and bone destruction in CIA mice. Furthermore, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms may involve the inhibition of VEGF signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xia Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Bao Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Di Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Kai Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ying Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chang-Song Lin, ; Min-Ying Liu,
| | - Chang-Song Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chang-Song Lin, ; Min-Ying Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perspectives on Vascular Regulation of Mechanisms Controlling Selective Immune Cell Function in the Tumor Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042313. [PMID: 35216427 PMCID: PMC8877013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature plays a major role in regulating the tumor immune cell response although the underlying mechanisms explaining such effects remain poorly understood. This review discusses current knowledge on known vascular functions with a viewpoint on how they may yield distinct immune responses. The vasculature might directly influence selective immune cell infiltration into tumors by its cell surface expression of cell adhesion molecules, expression of cytokines, cell junction properties, focal adhesions, cytoskeleton and functional capacity. This will alter the tumor microenvironment and unleash a plethora of responses that will influence the tumor’s immune status. Despite our current knowledge of numerous mechanisms operating, the field is underexplored in that few functions providing a high degree of specificity have yet been provided in relation to the enormous divergence of responses apparent in human cancers. Further exploration of this field is much warranted.
Collapse
|
30
|
Miller B, Sewell-Loftin MK. Mechanoregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Angiogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804934. [PMID: 35087885 PMCID: PMC8787114 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells that compose the vascular system in the body display a wide range of mechanotransductive behaviors and responses to biomechanical stimuli, which act in concert to control overall blood vessel structure and function. Such mechanosensitive activities allow blood vessels to constrict, dilate, grow, or remodel as needed during development as well as normal physiological functions, and the same processes can be dysregulated in various disease states. Mechanotransduction represents cellular responses to mechanical forces, translating such factors into chemical or electrical signals which alter the activation of various cell signaling pathways. Understanding how biomechanical forces drive vascular growth in healthy and diseased tissues could create new therapeutic strategies that would either enhance or halt these processes to assist with treatments of different diseases. In the cardiovascular system, new blood vessel formation from preexisting vasculature, in a process known as angiogenesis, is driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) which promotes blood vessel development. However, physical forces such as shear stress, matrix stiffness, and interstitial flow are also major drivers and effectors of angiogenesis, and new research suggests that mechanical forces may regulate VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. In fact, VEGFR-2 activation has been linked to known mechanobiological agents including ERK/MAPK, c-Src, Rho/ROCK, and YAP/TAZ. In vascular disease states, endothelial cells can be subjected to altered mechanical stimuli which affect the pathways that control angiogenesis. Both normalizing and arresting angiogenesis associated with tumor growth have been strategies for anti-cancer treatments. In the field of regenerative medicine, harnessing biomechanical regulation of angiogenesis could enhance vascularization strategies for treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia or permit development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds. This review will focus on the impact of VEGFR-2 mechanosignaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and its interaction with other mechanotransductive pathways, as well as presenting a discussion on the relationship between VEGFR-2 activation and biomechanical forces in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that can help treat diseases with dysfunctional vascular growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronte Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim JH, Kim S, Han S, Ahn EK, Cho YR, Jeong W, Kim SJ, Bae GU, Oh JS, Seo DW. Broussonin A- and B-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis by blockade of VEGFR-2 signalling pathways and integrin β1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1194-1205. [PMID: 34994065 PMCID: PMC8831976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the regulatory effects and mechanism of broussonin A and B, diphenylpropane derivatives isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki, on vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A)–stimulated endothelial cell responses in vitro and microvessel sprouting ex vivo. Treatment with broussonin A or B suppressed VEGF‐A‐stimulated endothelial cell proliferation by regulating the expression of cell cycle–related proteins and the phosphorylation status of retinoblastoma protein. In addition, treatment with broussonin A or B abrogated VEGF‐A‐stimulated angiogenic responses including endothelial cell migration, invasion, tube formation and microvessel formation from rat aortic rings. These anti‐angiogenic activities of broussonin A and B were mediated through inactivation of VEGF‐A‐stimulated downstream signalling pathways, localization of vascular endothelial‐cadherin at cell‐cell contacts, and down‐regulation of integrin β1 and integrin‐liked kinase. Furthermore, treatment with broussonin A or B inhibited proliferation and invasion of non–small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest the pharmacological potential of broussonin A and B in the regulation of angiogenesis, cancer cell growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Surim Han
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Biocenter, Gyeonggi Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Biocenter, Gyeonggi Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Biocenter, Gyeonggi Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Clark JF, Soriano PM. Pulling back the curtain: The hidden functions of receptor tyrosine kinases in development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:123-152. [PMID: 35606055 PMCID: PMC9127239 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a conserved superfamily of transmembrane growth factor receptors that drive numerous cellular processes during development and in the adult. Upon activation, multiple adaptors and signaling effector proteins are recruited to binding site motifs located within the intracellular domain of the RTK. These RTK-effector interactions drive subsequent intracellular signaling cascades involved in canonical RTK signaling. Genetic dissection has revealed that alleles of Fibroblast Growth Factor receptors (FGFRs) that lack all canonical RTK signaling still retain some kinase-dependent biological activity. Here we examine how genetic analysis can be used to understand the mechanism by which RTKs drive multiple developmental processes via canonical signaling while revealing noncanonical activities. Recent data from both FGFRs and other RTKs highlight potential noncanonical roles in cell adhesion and nuclear signaling. The data supporting such functions are discussed as are recent technologies that have the potential to provide valuable insight into the developmental significance of these noncanonical activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philippe M Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Testini C. SH2-Domain Protein Isolation Using Synthetic Phosphorylated Peptides to Study VEGFR2 Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:97-111. [PMID: 35451751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathways are tightly regulated multistep chain reactions that involve a wide range of molecular interactions and enzymatic activities. The first signal induced by VEGF binding to VEGFR2, is the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues of the receptor. In endothelial cells, five tyrosine residues in the VEGFR2 intracellular domain are essential in signal transmission and in the respective regulation of cellular processes. Because of their number and their localization on the receptor, it is challenging to locate the proteins with which these tyrosine residues interact that result in further downstream signaling cascades. In this chapter, we describe a method to precipitate phosphotyrosine binding proteins using phosphotyrosine-containing synthetic peptides immobilized to magnetic beads. The identity of the precipitated proteins is determined by mass spectrometry and the findings validated by Western blot. Using this method, we identified and verified two proteins, growth factor receptor binding-2 (GRB2) and phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3Kp85), binding to the tyrosine 1214 of VEGFR2. Thereby, we can predict the signaling pathways downstream of pY1214.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Testini
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Angom RS, Kulkarni TA, Hoeppner LH, Pal K, Wang E, Tam A, Valiunas RA, Dutta SK, Ji B, Jarzebska N, Chen Y, Rodionov RN, Mukhopadhyay D. Dissecting VEGF-induced acute versus chronic vascular hyperpermeability: Essential roles of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1. iScience 2021; 24:103189. [PMID: 34703990 PMCID: PMC8521174 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of vascular permeability. Herein we aim to understand how acute and chronic exposures of VEGF induce different levels of vascular permeability. We demonstrate that chronic VEGF exposure leads to decreased phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and c-Src as well as steady increases of nitric oxide (NO) as compared to that of acute exposure. Utilizing heat-inducible VEGF transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) and establishing an algorithm incorporating segmentation techniques for quantification, we monitored acute and chronic VEGF-induced vascular hyperpermeability in real time. Importantly, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1), an enzyme essential for NO generation, was shown to play essential roles in both acute and chronic vascular permeability in cultured human cells, zebrafish model, and Miles assay. Taken together, our data reveal acute and chronic VEGF exposures induce divergent signaling pathways and identify DDAH1 as a critical player and potentially a therapeutic target of vascular hyperpermeability-mediated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tanmay A. Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Luke H. Hoeppner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alexander Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Rachael A. Valiunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Shamit K. Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Roman N. Rodionov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shirakura K, Okada Y. Vascular Leakage Prevention by Roundabout 4 under Pathological Conditions. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1365-1370. [PMID: 34602544 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular permeability is regulated mainly by the endothelial barrier and controls vascular homeostasis, proper vessel development, and immune cell trafficking. Several molecules are involved in regulating endothelial barrier function. Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Robo4 is an important regulator of vascular leakage and angiogenesis, especially under pathological conditions. The role of Robo4 in preventing vascular leakage has been studied in various disease models, including animal models of retinopathy, tumors, diabetes, and endotoxemia. The involvement of Robo4 in vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammation-mediated signaling pathways has been well studied, and recent evidence suggests that Robo4 modulates endothelial barrier function via distinct mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of Robo4 in endothelial barrier function and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) is a member of the PLC family that functions as signal transducer by hydrolyzing membrane lipid to generate second messengers. The unique protein structure of PLCγ1 confers a critical role as a direct effector of VEGFR2 and signaling mediated by other receptor tyrosine kinases. The distinct vascular phenotypes in PLCγ1-deficient animal models and the gain-of-function mutations of PLCγ1 found in human endothelial cancers point to a major physiological role of PLCγ1 in the endothelial system. In this review, we discuss aspects of physiological and molecular function centering around PLCγ1 in the context of endothelial cells and provide a perspective for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kubra KT, Barabutis N. Brefeldin A and kifunensine modulate LPS-induced lung endothelial hyperpermeability in human and bovine cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C214-C220. [PMID: 34161151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability is the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Laborious efforts in the investigation of the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of the vascular barrier shall reveal novel therapeutic targets toward that respiratory disorder. Herein, we investigate in vitro the effects of the α-1,2-mannosidase 1 inhibitor kifunensine (KIF) and brefeldin A (BFA) in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endothelial breakdown. Our results suggest that BFA opposes the deteriorating effects of KIF [unfolded protein response (UPR) suppressor] toward the lung microvasculature. Since KIF is a UPR suppressor, and brefeldin A is a UPR inducer, we suggest that a carefully devised UPR manipulation may deliver novel therapeutic avenues in diseases related to endothelial barrier dysfunction (e.g., ARDS and sepsis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Neuropilin 1 Regulation of Vascular Permeability Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050666. [PMID: 33947161 PMCID: PMC8146136 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as a selective barrier to regulate macromolecule exchange between the blood and tissues. However, the integrity of the endothelium barrier is compromised in an array of pathological settings, including ischemic disease and cancer, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The resulting vascular hyperpermeability to plasma molecules as well as leukocytes then leads to tissue damaging edema formation and inflammation. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a potent permeability factor, and therefore a desirable target for impeding vascular hyperpermeability. However, VEGFA also promotes angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, which is required for reperfusion of ischemic tissues. Moreover, edema increases interstitial pressure in poorly perfused tumors, thereby affecting the delivery of therapeutics, which could be counteracted by stimulating the growth of new functional blood vessels. Thus, targets must be identified to accurately modulate the barrier function of blood vessels without affecting angiogenesis, as well as to develop more effective pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies. Recent studies have shown that the VEGFA co-receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) could be playing a fundamental role in steering VEGFA-induced responses of vascular endothelial cells towards angiogenesis or vascular permeability. Moreover, NRP1 is involved in mediating permeability signals induced by ligands other than VEGFA. This review therefore focuses on current knowledge on the role of NRP1 in the regulation of vascular permeability signaling in the endothelium to provide an up-to-date landscape of the current knowledge in this field.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ninchoji T, Love DT, Smith RO, Hedlund M, Vestweber D, Sessa WC, Claesson-Welsh L. eNOS-induced vascular barrier disruption in retinopathy by c-Src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin. eLife 2021; 10:e64944. [PMID: 33908348 PMCID: PMC8087444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia and consequent production of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) promote blood vessel leakiness and edema in ocular diseases. Anti-VEGFA therapeutics may aggravate hypoxia; therefore, therapy development is needed. Methods Oxygen-induced retinopathy was used as a model to test the role of nitric oxide (NO) in pathological neovascularization and vessel permeability. Suppression of NO formation was achieved chemically using L-NMMA, or genetically, in endothelial NO synthase serine to alanine (S1176A) mutant mice. Results Suppression of NO formation resulted in reduced retinal neoangiogenesis. Remaining vascular tufts exhibited reduced vascular leakage through stabilized endothelial adherens junctions, manifested as reduced phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin Y685 in a c-Src-dependent manner. Treatment with a single dose of L-NMMA in established retinopathy restored the vascular barrier and prevented leakage. Conclusions We conclude that NO destabilizes adheren junctions, resulting in vascular hyperpermeability, by converging with the VEGFA/VEGFR2/c-Src/VE-cadherin pathway. Funding This study was supported by the Swedish Cancer foundation (19 0119 Pj ), the Swedish Research Council (2020-01349), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (KAW 2020.0057) and a Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence Grant in Neurovascular Disease (17 CVD 03). KAW also supported LCW with a Wallenberg Scholar grant (2015.0275). WCS was supported by Grants R35 HL139945, P01 HL1070205, AHA MERIT Award. DV was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB1450, B03, and CRU342, P2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ninchoji
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Dominic T Love
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Ross O Smith
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | | | - William C Sessa
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramNew HavenUnited States
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vion AC, Perovic T, Petit C, Hollfinger I, Bartels-Klein E, Frampton E, Gordon E, Claesson-Welsh L, Gerhardt H. Endothelial Cell Orientation and Polarity Are Controlled by Shear Stress and VEGF Through Distinct Signaling Pathways. Front Physiol 2021; 11:623769. [PMID: 33737879 PMCID: PMC7960671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.623769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular networks form, remodel and mature under the influence of multiple signals of mechanical or chemical nature. How endothelial cells read and interpret these signals, and how they integrate information when they are exposed to both simultaneously is poorly understood. Here, we show using flow-induced shear stress and VEGF-A treatment on endothelial cells in vitro, that the response to the magnitude of a mechanical stimulus is influenced by the concentration of a chemical stimulus, and vice versa. By combining different flow levels and different VEGF-A concentrations, front-rear polarity of endothelial cells against the flow direction was established in a flow and VEGF-A dose-response while their alignment with the flow displayed a biphasic response depending on the VEGF-A dose (perpendicular at physiological dose, aligned at no or pathological dose of VEGF-A). The effect of pharmaceutical inhibitors demonstrated that while VEGFR2 is essential for both polarity and orientation establishment in response to flow with and without VEGF-A, different downstream effectors were engaged depending on the presence of VEGF-A. Thus, Src family inhibition (c-Src, Yes, Fyn together) impaired alignment and polarity without VEGF-A while FAK inhibition modified polarity and alignment only when endothelial cells were exposed to VEGF-A. Studying endothelial cells in the aortas of VEGFR2Y949F mutant mice and SRC iEC-KO mice confirmed the role of VEGFR2 and specified the role of c-SRC in vivo. Endothelial cells of VEGFR2Y949F mutant mice lost their polarity and alignment while endothelial cells from SRC iEC-KO mice only showed reduced polarity. We propose here that VEGFR2 is a sensor able to integrate chemical and mechanical information simultaneously and that the underlying pathways and mechanisms activated will depend on the co-stimulation. Flow alone shifts VEGFR2 signaling toward a Src family pathway activation and a junctional effect (both in vitro and in vivo) while flow and VEGF-A together shift VEGFR2 signaling toward focal adhesion activation (in vitro) both modifying cell responses that govern orientation and polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Clémence Vion
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Tijana Perovic
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlie Petit
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Hollfinger
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eireen Bartels-Klein
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Frampton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Gordon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Karki P, Birukov KG. Oxidized Phospholipids in Control of Endothelial Barrier Function: Mechanisms and Implication in Lung Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:794437. [PMID: 34887839 PMCID: PMC8649713 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.794437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies investigating the pathogenesis of chronic vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis described pro-inflammatory and vascular barrier disruptive effects of lipid oxidation products accumulated in the sites of vascular lesion and atherosclerotic plaque. However, accumulating evidence including studies from our group suggests potent barrier protective and anti-inflammatory properties of certain oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) in the lung vascular endothelium. Among these OxPLs, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachdonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) causes sustained enhancement of lung endothelial cell (EC) basal barrier properties and protects against vascular permeability induced by a wide variety of agonists ranging from bacterial pathogens and their cell wall components, endotoxins, thrombin, mechanical insults, and inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, truncated OxPLs cause acute endothelial barrier disruption and potentiate inflammation. It appears that multiple signaling mechanisms triggering cytoskeletal remodeling are involved in OxPLs-mediated regulation of EC barrier. The promising vascular barrier protective and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by OxPAPC and its particular components that have been established in the cellular and animal models of sepsis and acute lung injury has prompted consideration of OxPAPC as a prototype therapeutic molecule. In this review, we will summarize signaling and cytoskeletal mechanisms involved in OxPLs-mediated damage, rescue, and restoration of endothelial barrier in various pathophysiological settings and discuss a future potential of OxPAPC in treating lung disorders associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin G. Birukov,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Claesson-Welsh L, Dejana E, McDonald DM. Permeability of the Endothelial Barrier: Identifying and Reconciling Controversies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:314-331. [PMID: 33309601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leakage from blood vessels into tissues is governed by mechanisms that control endothelial barrier function to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulated endothelial permeability contributes to many conditions and can influence disease morbidity and treatment. Diverse approaches used to study endothelial permeability have yielded a wealth of valuable insights. Yet, ongoing questions, technical challenges, and unresolved controversies relating to the mechanisms and relative contributions of barrier regulation, transendothelial sieving, and transport of fluid, solutes, and particulates complicate interpretations in the context of vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we describe recent in vivo findings and other advances in understanding endothelial barrier function with the goal of identifying and reconciling controversies over cellular and molecular processes that regulate the vascular barrier in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden; IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Borowicz P, Chan H, Hauge A, Spurkland A. Adaptor proteins: Flexible and dynamic modulators of immune cell signalling. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12951. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Song X, Hu Y, Li Y, Shao R, Liu F, Liu Y. Overview of current targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:230. [PMID: 33028805 PMCID: PMC7542154 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare, but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. Unfortunately, only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical resection, the current effective regimen; thus, the high mortality rate has been static for decades. To substantially circumvent the stagnant scenario, a number of therapeutic approaches owing to the creation of advanced technologic measures (e.g., next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics) have been intensively innovated, which include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In the current review, we primarily focus on the targeted therapy capable of specifically inhibiting individual key molecules that govern aberrant signaling cascades in GBC. Global clinical trials of targeted therapy in GBC are updated and may offer great value for novel pathologic and therapeutic insights of this deadly disease, ultimately improving the efficacy of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Balaji Ragunathrao VA, Anwar M, Akhter MZ, Chavez A, Mao DY, Natarajan V, Lakshmikanthan S, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Dudek AZ, Claesson-Welsh L, Kitajewski JK, Wary KK, Malik AB, Mehta D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Activity Promotes Tumor Growth by Amplifying VEGF-VEGFR2 Angiogenic Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3472-3487.e4. [PMID: 31825830 PMCID: PMC6927555 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-VEGFR2 pathway drives tumor vascularization by activating proangiogenic signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we show that EC-sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) amplifies VEGFR2-mediated angiogenic signaling to enhance tumor growth. We show that cancer cells induce S1PR1 activity in ECs, and thereby, conditional deletion of S1PR1 in ECs (EC-S1pr1−/− mice) impairs tumor vascularization and growth. Mechanistically, we show that S1PR1 engages the heterotrimeric G-protein Gi, which amplifies VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling due to an increase in the activity of the tyrosine kinase c-Abl1. c-Abl1, by phosphorylating VEGFR2 at tyrosine-951, prolongs VEGFR2 retention on the plasmalemma to sustain Rac1 activity and EC migration. Thus, S1PR1 or VEGFR2 antagonists, alone or in combination, reverse the tumor growth in control mice to the level seen in EC-S1pr1−/− mice. Our findings suggest that blocking S1PR1 activity in ECs has the potential to suppress tumor growth by preventing amplification of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling. Vijay Avin et al. demonstrate an essential role of endothelial cell (EC)-S1PR1 signaling in amplifying VEGFR2-mediated tumor growth. S1PR1 by Gi and c-Abl1 phosphorylates VEGFR2 at Y951, which retains VEGFR2 at EC plasmalemma, thus enabling EC migration, tumor angiogenesis, and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Avin Balaji Ragunathrao
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Md Zahid Akhter
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alejandra Chavez
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - De Yu Mao
- Department of Physiology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Arkadiusz Z Dudek
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhattacharjee S, Lee Y, Zhu B, Wu H, Chen Y, Chen H. Epsins in vascular development, function and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:833-842. [PMID: 32930806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epsins are a family of adaptor proteins involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In the vasculature, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant members of this family that are expressed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the lymphatic system throughout development and adulthood. These proteins contain a number of peptide motifs that allow them to interact with lipid moieties and a variety of proteins. These interactions facilitate the regulation of a wide range of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the involvement of epsins 1 and 2 in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of understanding the molecular mechanisms of epsin-mediated regulation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Research Department, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li X, Redfors B, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Shi S, Martinsson P, Padhan N, Scharin Täng M, Borén J, Levin M, Claesson-Welsh L. Suppressed Vascular Leakage and Myocardial Edema Improve Outcome From Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:763. [PMID: 32733273 PMCID: PMC7363985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by edema contributing to tissue damage and disease outcome. Here, we aimed to identify the mechanism whereby vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A induces myocardial edema in the acute phase of MI to eventually promote development of therapeutics to specifically suppress VEGFA-regulated vascular permeability while preserving collateral vessel formation. Methods and Results VEGFA regulates vascular permeability and edema by activation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), leading to induction of several signaling pathways including the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase c-Src. The activated c-Src in turn phosphorylates vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, leading to dissociation of endothelial adherens junctions. A particular tyrosine at position 949 in mouse VEGFR2 has been shown to be required for activation of c-Src. Wild-type mice and mice with phenylalanine replacing tyrosine (Y) 949 in VEGFR2 (Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F ) were challenged with MI through permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The infarct size was similar in wild-type and mutant mice, but left ventricular wall edema and fibrinogen deposition, indicative of vascular leakage, were reduced in the Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F strain. When challenged with large infarcts, the Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F mice survived significantly better than the wild-type strain. Moreover, neutrophil infiltration and levels of myeloperoxidase were low in the infarcted Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F hearts, correlating with improved survival. In vivo tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y685, implicated in regulation of vascular permeability, was induced by circulating VEGFA in the wild-type but remained at baseline levels in the Vegfr2 Y949F/Y949F hearts. Conclusion Suppression of VEGFA/VEGFR2-regulated vascular permeability leads to diminished edema without affecting vascular density correlating with improved myocardial parameters and survival after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Redfors
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine / Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shujing Shi
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Martinsson
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Narendra Padhan
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Scharin Täng
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine / Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine / Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine / Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Beijer and Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang F, Zarkada G, Yi S, Eichmann A. Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Regulation in Physiology and Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32547411 PMCID: PMC7274196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) lining lymphatic vessels develop specialized cell-cell junctions that are crucial for the maintenance of vessel integrity and proper lymphatic vascular functions. Successful lymphatic drainage requires a division of labor between lymphatic capillaries that take up lymph via open "button-like" junctions, and collectors that transport lymph to veins, which have tight "zipper-like" junctions that prevent lymph leakage. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of these specialized junctions, as a result of the application of state-of-the-art imaging tools and novel transgenic animal models. In this review, we discuss lymphatic development and mechanisms governing junction remodeling between button and zipper-like states in LECs. Understanding lymphatic junction remodeling is important in order to unravel lymphatic drainage regulation in obesity and inflammatory diseases and may pave the way towards future novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sanjun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Negri S, Faris P, Rosti V, Antognazza MR, Lodola F, Moccia F. Endothelial TRPV1 as an Emerging Molecular Target to Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061341. [PMID: 32471282 PMCID: PMC7349285 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy to treat ischemic diseases by stimulating blood vessel growth to rescue local blood perfusion. Therefore, injured microvasculature may be repaired by stimulating resident endothelial cells or circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) or by autologous cell-based therapy. Endothelial Ca2+ signals represent a crucial player in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis; indeed, several angiogenic stimuli induce neovessel formation through an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Several members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel superfamily are expressed and mediate Ca2+-dependent functions in vascular endothelial cells and in ECFCs, the only known truly endothelial precursor. TRP Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a polymodal cation channel, is emerging as an important player in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and tubulogenesis, through the integration of several chemical stimuli. Herein, we first summarize TRPV1 structure and gating mechanisms. Next, we illustrate the physiological roles of TRPV1 in vascular endothelium, focusing our attention on how endothelial TRPV1 promotes angiogenesis. In particular, we describe a recent strategy to stimulate TRPV1-mediated pro-angiogenic activity in ECFCs, in the presence of a photosensitive conjugated polymer. Taken together, these observations suggest that TRPV1 represents a useful target in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.R.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.R.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moreira-Soares M, Cunha SP, Bordin JR, Travasso RDM. Adhesion modulates cell morphology and migration within dense fibrous networks. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:314001. [PMID: 32378515 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7c17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental abilities required for the sustainability of complex life forms is active cell migration, since it is essential in diverse processes from morphogenesis to leukocyte chemotaxis in immune response. The movement of a cell is the result of intricate mechanisms, that involve the coordination between mechanical forces, biochemical regulatory pathways and environmental cues. In particular, epithelial cancer cells have to employ mechanical strategies in order to migrate through the tissue's basement membrane and infiltrate the bloodstream during the invasion stage of metastasis. In this work we explore how mechanical interactions such as spatial restriction and adhesion affect migration of a self-propelled droplet in dense fibrous media. We have performed a systematic analysis using a phase-field model and we propose a novel approach to simulate cell migration with dissipative particle dynamics modelling. With this purpose we have measured in our simulation the cell's velocity and quantified its morphology as a function of the fibre density and of its adhesiveness to the matrix fibres. Furthermore, we have compared our results to a previousin vitromigration assay of fibrosarcoma cells in fibrous matrices. The results show good agreement between the two methodologies and experiments in the literature, which indicates that these minimalist descriptions are able to capture the main features of the system. Our results indicate that adhesiveness is critical for cell migration, by modulating cell morphology in crowded environments and by enhancing cell velocity. In addition, our analysis suggests that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role as adhesiveness modulators. We propose that new assays should be carried out to address the role of adhesion and the effect of different MMPs in cell migration under confined conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana P Cunha
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Rafael Bordin
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua dos Ipês, Capão do Leão, RS, 96050-500, Brazil
| | - Rui D M Travasso
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|