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Diekmann O, Krimer DO, Rotter S. Ultrafast Excitation Exchange in a Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:013602. [PMID: 38242659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The strong coupling of quantum emitters to a cavity mode has been of paramount importance in the development of quantum optics. Recently, also the strong coupling to more than a single mode of an electromagnetic resonator has drawn considerable interest. We investigate how this multimode strong coupling regime can be harnessed to coherently control quantum systems. Specifically, we demonstrate that a Maxwell fish-eye lens can be used to implement a pulsed excitation exchange between two distant quantum emitters. This periodic exchange is mediated by single-photon pulses and can be extended to a photon-exchange between two atomic ensembles, for which the coupling strength is enhanced collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Diekmann
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - Dmitry O Krimer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna A-1040, Austria
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2
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Tomm N, Mahmoodian S, Antoniadis NO, Schott R, Valentin SR, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Javadi A, Warburton RJ. Photon bound state dynamics from a single artificial atom. NATURE PHYSICS 2023; 19:857-862. [PMID: 37323806 PMCID: PMC10264240 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between photons and a single two-level atom constitutes a fundamental paradigm in quantum physics. The nonlinearity provided by the atom leads to a strong dependence of the light-matter interface on the number of photons interacting with the two-level system within its emission lifetime. This nonlinearity unveils strongly correlated quasiparticles known as photon bound states, giving rise to key physical processes such as stimulated emission and soliton propagation. Although signatures consistent with the existence of photon bound states have been measured in strongly interacting Rydberg gases, their hallmark excitation-number-dependent dispersion and propagation velocity have not yet been observed. Here we report the direct observation of a photon-number-dependent time delay in the scattering off a single artificial atom-a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to an optical cavity. By scattering a weak coherent pulse off the cavity-quantum electrodynamics system and measuring the time-dependent output power and correlation functions, we show that single photons and two- and three-photon bound states incur different time delays, becoming shorter for higher photon numbers. This reduced time delay is a fingerprint of stimulated emission, where the arrival of two photons within the lifetime of an emitter causes one photon to stimulate the emission of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tomm
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha R. Valentin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Lin WJ, Lu Y, Wen PY, Cheng YT, Lee CP, Lin KT, Chiang KH, Hsieh MC, Chen CY, Chien CH, Lin JJ, Chen JC, Lin YH, Chuu CS, Nori F, Frisk Kockum A, Lin GD, Delsing P, Hoi IC. Deterministic Loading of Microwaves onto an Artificial Atom Using a Time-Reversed Waveform. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8137-8142. [PMID: 36200986 PMCID: PMC9615994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Loading quantum information deterministically onto a quantum node is an important step toward a quantum network. Here, we demonstrate that coherent-state microwave photons with an optimal temporal waveform can be efficiently loaded onto a single superconducting artificial atom in a semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) transmission-line waveguide. Using a weak coherent state (the number of photons (N) contained in the pulse ≪1) with an exponentially rising waveform, whose time constant matches the decoherence time of the artificial atom, we demonstrate a loading efficiency of 94.2% ± 0.7% from 1D semifree space to the artificial atom. The high loading efficiency is due to time-reversal symmetry: the overlap between the incoming wave and the time-reversed emitted wave is up to 97.1% ± 0.4%. Our results open up promising applications in realizing quantum networks based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST, and Research Centre SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70049, Germany
| | - Ping Yi Wen
- Department
of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi621301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Lee
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Ting Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Hsun Chiang
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming Che Hsieh
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsun Chien
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jhan Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Chung Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsiang Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical
Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Physics
Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109-1040, United States
| | - Anton Frisk Kockum
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guin Dar Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Physics
Division, National Center for Theoretical
Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Trapped-Ion
Quantum Computing Laboratory, Hon Hai Research
Institute, Taipei11492, Taiwan
| | - Per Delsing
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Io-Chun Hoi
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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4
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Leuchs G, Andrianov AV, Anashkina EA, Manshina AA, Banzer P, Sondermann M. Extreme Concentration and Nanoscale Interaction of Light. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1842-1851. [PMID: 35726245 PMCID: PMC9204814 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating light strongly calls for appropriate polarization patterns of the focused light beam and for up to a full 4π solid angle geometry. Focusing on the extreme requires efficient coupling to nanostructures of one kind or another via cylindrical vector beams having such patterns, the details of which depend on the geometry and property of the respective nanostructure. Cylindrical vector beams can not only be used to study a nanostructure, but also vice versa. Closely related is the discussion of topics such as the ultimate diffraction limit, a resonant field enhancement near nanoscopic absorbers, as well as speculations about nonresonant field enhancement, which, if it exists, might be relevant to pair production in vacuum. These cases do require further rigorous simulations and more decisive experiments. While there is a wide diversity of scenarios, there are also conceptually very different models offering helpful intuitive pictures despite this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Leuchs
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Andrianov
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena A. Anashkina
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky
State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alina A. Manshina
- Institute
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii prospect, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Peter Banzer
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Sondermann
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Bianchet LC, Alves N, Zarraoa L, Bruno N, Mitchell MW. Manipulating and measuring single atoms in the Maltese cross geometry. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:102. [PMID: 37645131 PMCID: PMC10446080 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13972.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Optical microtraps at the focus of high numerical aperture (high-NA) imaging systems enable efficient collection, trapping, detection and manipulation of individual neutral atoms for quantum technology and studies of optical physics associated with super- and sub-radiant states. The recently developed "Maltese cross" geometry (MCG) atom trap uses four in-vacuum lenses to achieve four-directional high-NA optical coupling to single trapped atoms and small atomic arrays. This article presents the first extensive characterisation of atomic behaviour in a MCG atom trap. Methods: We employ a MCG system optimised for high coupling efficiency and characterise the resulting properties of the trap and trapped atoms. Using current best practices, we measure occupancy, loading rate, lifetime, temperature, fluorescence anti-bunching and trap frequencies. We also use the four-directional access to implement a new method to map the spatial distribution of collection efficiency from high-NA optics: we use the two on-trap-axis lenses to produce a 1D optical lattice, the sites of which are stochastically filled and emptied by the trap loading process. The two off-trap-axis lenses are used for imaging and single-mode collection. Correlations of single-mode and imaging fluorescence signals are then used to map the single-mode collection efficiency. Results: We observe trap characteristics comparable to what has been reported for single-atom traps with one- or two-lens optical systems. The collection efficiency distribution in the axial and transverse directions is directly observed to be in agreement with expected collection efficiency distribution from Gaussian beam optics. Conclusions: The multi-directional high-NA access provided by the Maltese cross geometry enables complex manipulations and measurements not possible in geometries with fewer directions of access, and can be achieved while preserving other trap characteristics such as lifetime, temperature, and trap size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C. Bianchet
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Natalia Alves
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Laura Zarraoa
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Natalia Bruno
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Morgan W. Mitchell
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Bruno N, Bianchet LC, Prakash V, Li N, Alves N, Mitchell MW. Maltese cross coupling to individual cold atoms in free space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31042-31052. [PMID: 31684344 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the simultaneous observation from four directions of the fluorescence of single 87Rb atoms trapped at the common focus of four high numerical aperture (NA=0.5) aspheric lenses. We use an interferometrically-guided pick-and-place technique to precisely and stably position the lenses along the four cardinal directions with their foci at a single central point. The geometry gives right angle access to a single quantum emitter, and will enable new trapping, excitation, and collection methods. The fluorescence signals indicate both sub-Poissonian atom number statistics and photon anti-bunching, showing suitability for cold atom quantum optics.
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Paudel U, Wong JJ, Goggin M, Kwiat PG, Bracker AS, Yakes M, Gammon D, Steel DG. Direct excitation of a single quantum dot with cavity-SPDC photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16308-16319. [PMID: 31163810 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate mode-engineered single photons to interface with disparate quantum systems is of importance for building a quantum network. Here we report on the generation of a pulsed, heralded single photon source with a sub-GHz spectral bandwidth that couples to indium arsenide quantum dots centered at 942 nm. The source is built with a type-II PPKTP down-conversion crystal embedded in a semi-confocal optical cavity and pumped with a 76 MHz repetition rate pulsed laser to emit collinear, polarization-correlated photon pairs resonant with a single quantum dot. In order to demonstrate direct coupling, we use the mode-engineered cavity-SPDC single-photon source to resonantly excite an isolated single quantum dot.
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8
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Valente D, Brito F, Ferreira R, Werlang T. Work on a quantum dipole by a single-photon pulse. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2644-2647. [PMID: 29856383 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer from a quantized field to a quantized dipole is investigated. We find that a single photon can transfer energy to a two-level dipole by inducing a dynamic Stark shift, going beyond the well-known absorption and emission processes. A quantum thermodynamical perspective allows us to unravel these two energy transfer mechanisms and to identify the former as a generalized work and the latter as a generalized heat. We show two necessary conditions for the generalized work transfer by a single photon to occur, namely, off-resonance and finite linewidth of the pulse. We also show that the generalized work performed by a single-photon pulse equals the reactive (dispersive) contribution of the work performed by a semiclassical pulse in the low-excitation regime.
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9
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Steiner M, Leong V, Seidler MA, Cerè A, Kurtsiefer C. Photon bandwidth dependence of light-matter interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6294-6301. [PMID: 28380982 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the scattering of single photons by single atoms and, in particular, the dependence of the atomic dynamics and the scattering probability on the photon bandwidth. We tightly focus the incident photons onto a single trapped 87Rb atom and use the time-resolved transmission to characterize the interaction strength. Decreasing the bandwidth of the single photons from 6 to 2 times the atomic linewidth, we observe an increase in atomic peak excitation and photon scattering probability.
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Lundstrom K. Cell-impedance-based label-free technology for the identification of new drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:335-343. [PMID: 28276704 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1297419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug discovery has progressed from relatively simple binding or activity screening assays to high-throughput screening of sophisticated compound libraries with emphasis on miniaturization and automation. The development of functional assays has enhanced the success rate in discovering novel drug molecules. Many technologies, originally based on radioactive labeling, have sequentially been replaced by methods based on fluorescence labeling. Recently, the focus has switched to label-free technologies in cell-based screening assays. Areas covered: Label-free, cell-impedance-based methods comprise of different technologies including surface plasmon resonance, mass spectrometry and biosensors applied for screening of anticancer drugs, G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase and virus inhibitors, drug and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Many of the developed methods have been used for high-throughput screening in cell lines. Cell viability and morphological damage prediction have been monitored in three-dimensional spheroid human HT-29 carcinoma cells and whole Schistosomula larvae. Expert opinion: Progress in label-free, cell-impedance-based technologies has facilitated drug screening and may enhance the discovery of potential novel drug molecules through, and improve target molecule identification in, alternative signal pathways. The variety of technologies to measure cellular responses through label-free cell-impedance based approaches all support future drug development and should provide excellent assets for finding better medicines.
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