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Jia P, Tian M, Zhang B, Wu X, He X, Zhang W. Habitat changes due to glacial freezing and melting reshape microbial networks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108788. [PMID: 38838490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of glacial freezing and thawing involves microbial sequestration, release, and colonization, which has the potential to impact ecosystem functioning through changes in microbial diversity and interactions. In this study, we examined the structural features of microbial communities of the Dongkemadi glacier, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, in four distinct glacial environments (snow, ice, meltwater, and frontier soil). The sequestration, release, and colonization of glacial microbes have been found to significantly impact the diversity and structure of glacial microbial communities, as well as the complexity of microbial networks. Specifically, the complexity of bacterial networks has been observed to increase in a sequential manner during these processes. Utilizing the Inter-Domain Ecological Network approach, researchers have further explored the cross-trophic interactions among bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The complexity of the bacteria-fungi-archaea network exhibited a sequential increase due to the processes of sequestration, release, and colonization of glacial microbes. The release and colonization of glacial microbes led to a shift in the role of archaea as key species within the network. Additionally, our findings suggest that the hierarchical interactions among various microorganisms contributed to the heightened complexity of the bacteria-fungi-archaea network. The primary constituents of the glacial microbial ecosystem are unclassified species associated with the Polaromonas. It is noteworthy that various key species in glacial ecosystems are influenced by the distinct environmental factors. Moreover, our findings suggest that key species are not significantly depleted in response to abrupt alterations in individual environmental factors, shedding light on the dynamics of microbial cross-trophic interactions within glacial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puchao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Tanggula Mountain Cryosphere and Environment Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ochoa-Sánchez M, Acuña Gomez EP, Ramírez-Fenández L, Eguiarte LE, Souza V. Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15978. [PMID: 37810788 PMCID: PMC10557944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Yet, host-microbe research has focused on inland species, whereas marine hosts and their associated microbes remain largely unexplored, especially in developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we review the current knowledge of marine host microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results revealed important biases in marine host species sampling for studies conducted in the Southern Hemisphere, where sponges and marine mammals have received the greatest attention. Sponge-associated microbes vary greatly across geographic regions and species. Nevertheless, besides taxonomic heterogeneity, sponge microbiomes have functional consistency, whereas geography and aging are important drivers of marine mammal microbiomes. Seabird and macroalgal microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere were also common. Most seabird microbiome has focused on feces, whereas macroalgal microbiome has focused on the epibiotic community. Important drivers of seabird fecal microbiome are aging, sex, and species-specific factors. In contrast, host-derived deterministic factors drive the macroalgal epibiotic microbiome, in a process known as "microbial gardening". In turn, marine invertebrates (especially crustaceans) and fish microbiomes have received less attention in the Southern Hemisphere. In general, the predominant approach to study host marine microbiomes has been the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Interestingly, there are some marine holobiont studies (i.e., studies that simultaneously analyze host (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) and microbiome (e.g., 16S rRNA gene, metagenome) traits), but only in some marine invertebrates and macroalgae from Africa and Australia. Finally, we introduce an ongoing project on the surface microbiome of key species in the Strait of Magellan. This is an international project that will provide novel microbiome information of several species in the Strait of Magellan. In the short-term, the project will improve our knowledge about microbial diversity in the region, while long-term potential benefits include the use of these data to assess host-microbial responses to the Anthropocene derived climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Lia Ramírez-Fenández
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo de Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Valeria Souza
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Varliero G, Lebre PH, Frey B, Fountain AG, Anesio AM, Cowan DA. Glacial Water: A Dynamic Microbial Medium. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1153. [PMID: 37317127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities and nutrient dynamics in glaciers and ice sheets continuously change as the hydrological conditions within and on the ice change. Glaciers and ice sheets can be considered bioreactors as microbiomes transform nutrients that enter these icy systems and alter the meltwater chemistry. Global warming is increasing meltwater discharge, affecting nutrient and cell export, and altering proglacial systems. In this review, we integrate the current understanding of glacial hydrology, microbial activity, and nutrient and carbon dynamics to highlight their interdependence and variability on daily and seasonal time scales, as well as their impact on proglacial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varliero
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Lebre
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew G Fountain
- Departments of Geology and Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97212, USA
| | - Alexandre M Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Klaes B, Thiele-Bruhn S, Wörner G, Höschen C, Mueller CW, Marx P, Arz HW, Breuer S, Kilian R. Iron (hydr)oxide formation in Andosols under extreme climate conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2818. [PMID: 36797309 PMCID: PMC9935883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-driven biogeochemical cycling of iron plays an integral role in the complex process network of ecosystems, such as carbon cycling, the fate of nutrients and greenhouse gas emissions. We investigate Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation pathways from rhyolitic tephra in acidic topsoils of South Patagonian Andosols to evaluate the ecological relevance of terrestrial iron cycling for this sensitive fjord ecosystem. Using bulk geochemical analyses combined with micrometer-scale-measurements on individual soil aggregates and tephra pumice, we document biotic and abiotic pathways of Fe released from the glassy tephra matrix and titanomagnetite phenocrysts. During successive redox cycles that are controlled by frequent hydrological perturbations under hyper-humid climate, (trans)formations of ferrihydrite-organic matter coprecipitates, maghemite and hematite are closely linked to tephra weathering and organic matter turnover. These Fe-(hydr)oxides nucleate after glass dissolution and complexation with organic ligands, through maghemitization or dissolution-(re)crystallization processes from metastable precursors. Ultimately, hematite represents the most thermodynamically stable Fe-(hydr)oxide formed under these conditions and physically accumulates at redox interfaces, whereas the ferrihydrite coprecipitates represent a so far underappreciated terrestrial source of bio-available iron for fjord bioproductivity. The insights into Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation in Andosols have implications for a better understanding of biogeochemical cycling of iron in this unique Patagonian fjord ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Klaes
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany. .,Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Sören Thiele-Bruhn
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wörner
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Division of Geochemistry and Isotope Geology, GZG, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Höschen
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment for Geosciences and Environmental Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Philipp Marx
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Helge Wolfgang Arz
- grid.423940.80000 0001 2188 0463Marine Geology Section, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Breuer
- grid.15606.340000 0001 2155 4756Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Kilian
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany ,grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761University of Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Stachnik Ł, Yde JC, Krzemień K, Uzarowicz Ł, Sitek S, Kenis P. SEM-EDS and water chemistry characteristics at the early stages of glacier recession reveal biogeochemical coupling between proglacial sediments and meltwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155383. [PMID: 35452739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most glaciers worldwide are undergoing climate-forced recession, but the impact of glacier changes on biogeochemical cycles is unclear. This study examines the influence of proglacial sediment weathering on meltwater chemistry at the early stages of glacier recession in the High Arctic of Svalbard. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) in combination with a wide range of geochemical analyses were used in this study. The SEM-EDS analyses of sediments collected in front of Werenskioldbreen show general degradation of pyrite and carbonate grains with age. The outer parts of pyrite grains have a gradual decrease in sulphur and gradual increase in iron oxides due to pyrite oxidation. This process was less advanced in the proglacial zone younger than 100 years compared to older sites such as the terminal moraine from the Little Ice Age. In both the proglacial zone and the terminal moraine, physical weathering of mineral grains, including formation of microcracks and microfractures, clearly enhanced pyrite oxidation. A consequence of proglacial sediment weathering is that the river chemistry is strongly affected by carbonate dissolution driven by sulphuric acid from sulphide oxidation. Also, reactive iron oxides, a product of sulphide oxidation, are mobilized in the proglacial zone. The results of this study show that proglacial weathering in the High Arctic of Svalbard is strongly coupled to river geochemistry, especially during the early stages of proglacial exposure after glacier recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Stachnik
- Department of Physical Geography, University of Wrocław, Wojciecha Cybulskiego Str. 34, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Røyrgata 6, 6856 Sogndal, Norway; Jagiellonian University, Department of Geomorphology, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacob C Yde
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Røyrgata 6, 6856 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Kazimierz Krzemień
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Geomorphology, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Uzarowicz
- Department of Soil Science, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Sitek
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kenis
- Department of Physical Geography, University of Wrocław, Wojciecha Cybulskiego Str. 34, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland; Łukasiewicz Research Network, PORT Polish Centre for Technology Development, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Stabłowicka St.147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Klaes B, Wörner G, Thiele-Bruhn S, Arz HW, Struck J, Dellwig O, Groschopf N, Lorenz M, Wagner JF, Urrea OB, Lamy F, Kilian R. Element mobility related to rock weathering and soil formation at the westward side of the southernmost Patagonian Andes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152977. [PMID: 35016939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rock weathering and pedogenesis are fundamental processes for element mobility in terrestrial bio-geochemical cycles and for the regulation of primary productivity in adjacent coastal marine ecosystems. Here, soils developed from volcanic ash under extreme climate conditions could play a particular role. We therefore investigated rock weathering, soil formation and the associated mobilization of trace elements and micronutrients in a pristine South Patagonian ecosystem. Weathered and unweathered basement lithologies, tephra of the 4.216 kyrs BP Mt. Burney eruption and four soil profiles are considered. The approach combines mineralogical (XRD, SEM) and inorganic geochemical (XRF, ICP-OES/MS) with organic geochemical analyses (TOC, TN, δ13C, δ15N, DOC extracts) of representative samples. Chemical weathering is quantified by mass balance calculations and 14C age constraints allow a correlation of pedogenic processes with the paleoenvironmental history of the area. Our data document that pedogenesis with initial peat formation occurred since ~2.5 kyrs BP. In these acidic peaty Andosols, intensive alteration of volcanic glass mobilized large quantities of elements, considerably surpassing leachates provided by basement rock weathering. Clay production is limited in favor of the formation of amorphous Al- and crystalline Fe-(hydr)oxides. However, tephra alteration, soil organic matter turnover rates, enhanced dissolved organic carbon export, and Fe-/Al-(hydr)oxide precipitation are closely linked and ultimately controlled by rainfall-induced water-level fluctuations, highlighting the dominant influence of the southern westerly wind belt. The transport of mobilized trace elements and micronutrients adsorbed onto suspended colloids (dissolved organic carbon, Al-humus complexes and Fe-(hydr)oxides) is redox-pH-dependent, highly variable and ultimately regulated by westerly intensity. Broader implications of this work include a new perspective on the climate-controlled micronutrient delivery for primary productivity in South Patagonian fjords, which is strongly affected by Andosol formation. Furthermore, a careful evaluation of 'ordinary' geochemical proxies in regional paleoenvironmental archives is needed to account for these unique pedogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Klaes
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany; Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Wörner
- Division of Geochemistry and Isotope Geology, GZG, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sören Thiele-Bruhn
- Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Helge Wolfgang Arz
- Marine Geology Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julian Struck
- Department of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Olaf Dellwig
- Marine Geology Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Nora Groschopf
- Petrology Research Group, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marcel Lorenz
- Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Jean-Frank Wagner
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Oscar Baeza Urrea
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Frank Lamy
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Bremerhaven, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Rolf Kilian
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany; University of Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes, 01855 Punta Arenas, Chile
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7
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Wunder LC, Aromokeye DA, Yin X, Richter-Heitmann T, Willis-Poratti G, Schnakenberg A, Otersen C, Dohrmann I, Römer M, Bohrmann G, Kasten S, Friedrich MW. Iron and sulfate reduction structure microbial communities in (sub-)Antarctic sediments. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3587-3604. [PMID: 34155335 PMCID: PMC8630232 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Permanently cold marine sediments are heavily influenced by increased input of iron as a result of accelerated glacial melt, weathering, and erosion. The impact of such environmental changes on microbial communities in coastal sediments is poorly understood. We investigated geochemical parameters that shape microbial community compositions in anoxic surface sediments of four geochemically differing sites (Annenkov Trough, Church Trough, Cumberland Bay, Drygalski Trough) around South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Sulfate reduction prevails in Church Trough and iron reduction at the other sites, correlating with differing local microbial communities. Within the order Desulfuromonadales, the family Sva1033, not previously recognized for being capable of dissimilatory iron reduction, was detected at rather high relative abundances (up to 5%) while other members of Desulfuromonadales were less abundant (<0.6%). We propose that Sva1033 is capable of performing dissimilatory iron reduction in sediment incubations based on RNA stable isotope probing. Sulfate reducers, who maintain a high relative abundance of up to 30% of bacterial 16S rRNA genes at the iron reduction sites, were also active during iron reduction in the incubations. Thus, concurrent sulfate reduction is possibly masked by cryptic sulfur cycling, i.e., reoxidation or precipitation of produced sulfide at a small or undetectable pool size. Our results show the importance of iron and sulfate reduction, indicated by ferrous iron and sulfide, as processes that shape microbial communities and provide evidence for one of Sva1033's metabolic capabilities in permanently cold marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Wunder
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - David A Aromokeye
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Xiuran Yin
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Richter-Heitmann
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Graciana Willis-Poratti
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Annika Schnakenberg
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carolin Otersen
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Dohrmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Miriam Römer
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bohrmann
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasten
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael W Friedrich
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Szopińska M, Luczkiewicz A, Jankowska K, Fudala-Ksiazek S, Potapowicz J, Kalinowska A, Bialik RJ, Chmiel S, Polkowska Ż. First evaluation of wastewater discharge influence on marine water contamination in the vicinity of Arctowski Station (Maritime Antarctica). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147912. [PMID: 34051495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Antarctica, waste is generated mainly during scientific research programmes and related logistics. In this study, the impact of wastewater on the western shore of Admiralty Bay was investigated during austral summer in 2017 and 2019. A range of physicochemical parameters and the presence of selected trace metals, formaldehyde and different groups of surfactants were determined in wastewater coming from Arctowski Station and in nearby coastal waters. The presence of selected trace metals (e.g., Cr: 2.7-4.4 μg/L; Zn: 15.2-37.3 μg/L; and Ni: 0.9-23.3 μg/L) and the sums of cationic (0.3-1.5 mg/L), anionic (3.1-1.7 mg/L), and non-ionic (0.6-2.4 mg/L) surfactants in wastewater indicated the potential influence of anthropogenic factors on sea water. The determined surfactants are found in many hygiene products that end up in the waste water tank after human use and, if untreated, can be released into surface waters with discharge. In addition, the levels of some trace metals indicate that they cannot come only from natural sources, but are the result of human activity. The reported data show disturbances in the marine environment caused by non-treated wastewater discharge, e.g. by comparing the obtained results from the values of the no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) on selected Antarctic bioindicators, and provide information for the implementation of proper wastewater treatment at any Antarctic station in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jankowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalinowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Hydrology and Climatology, 2 cd Kraśnicka Ave., 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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9
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Kim SU, Kim KY. Impact of climate change on the primary production and related biogeochemical cycles in the coastal and sea ice zone of the Southern Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141678. [PMID: 33182005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change in the Southern Hemisphere has exerted impact on the primary production in the Southern Ocean (SO). Using a recently released reanalysis dataset on global biogeochemistry, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the complex biogeochemical seasonal cycle and the impact of climate change with a focus in areas within the meridional excursion of the sea ice boundary-coastal and continental shelf zone (CCSZ) and seasonal sea ice zone (SIZ). The seasonal cycles of primary production and related nutrients are closely linked with the seasonal changes in sea ice and sea surface temperatures. As sea ice retreats and allows energy and gas exchange across the sea surface, phytoplankton growth is initiated, consuming accumulated nutrients within the shallow depth of ~40 m. The seasonal evolutions of physical, biological and chemical variables show both spatial and temporal consistency with each other. Climate change has altered the timing and amplitude of the seasonal cycle. While primary production has generally increased along with an intensified uptake of CO2, some areas show a reduction in production (e.g., Prydz Bay, eastern Indian Ocean). In the CCSZ, increased iron utilization and light availability allowed production to be increased. However, the mechanism by which these factors are altered varies from one location to another, including changes in sea ice cover, surface stratification, and downwelling/upwelling. In the SIZ, where iron is generally a limiting factor, iron supply is a key driver of changes in primary production regardless of other nutrients. There is a clear influence of climatic change on the biogeochemical cycle although the signal is still weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Uk Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yul Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hawkings JR, Skidmore ML, Wadham JL, Priscu JC, Morton PL, Hatton JE, Gardner CB, Kohler TJ, Stibal M, Bagshaw EA, Steigmeyer A, Barker J, Dore JE, Lyons WB, Tranter M, Spencer RGM. Enhanced trace element mobilization by Earth's ice sheets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31648-31659. [PMID: 33229559 PMCID: PMC7749357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014378117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements sustain biological productivity, yet the significance of trace element mobilization and export in subglacial runoff from ice sheets is poorly constrained at present. Here, we present size-fractionated (0.02, 0.22, and 0.45 µm) concentrations of trace elements in subglacial waters from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). Concentrations of immobile trace elements (e.g., Al, Fe, Ti) far exceed global riverine and open ocean mean values and highlight the importance of subglacial aluminosilicate mineral weathering and lack of retention of these species in sediments. Concentrations are higher from the AIS than the GrIS, highlighting the geochemical consequences of prolonged water residence times and hydrological isolation that characterize the former. The enrichment of trace elements (e.g., Co, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in subglacial meltwaters compared with seawater and typical riverine systems, together with the likely sensitivity to future ice sheet melting, suggests that their export in glacial runoff is likely to be important for biological productivity. For example, our dissolved Fe concentration (20,900 nM) and associated flux values (1.4 Gmol y-1) from AIS to the Fe-deplete Southern Ocean exceed most previous estimates by an order of magnitude. The ultimate fate of these micronutrients will depend on the reactivity of the dominant colloidal size fraction (likely controlled by nanoparticulate Al and Fe oxyhydroxide minerals) and estuarine processing. We contend that ice sheets create highly geochemically reactive particulates in subglacial environments, which play a key role in trace elemental cycles, with potentially important consequences for global carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Hawkings
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306;
- Interface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark L Skidmore
- Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Jemma L Wadham
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
| | - John C Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, Montana State University, MT 59717
| | - Peter L Morton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Jade E Hatton
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B Gardner
- School of Earth Sciences, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tyler J Kohler
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elizabeth A Bagshaw
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - August Steigmeyer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Joel Barker
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - John E Dore
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, Montana State University, MT 59717
| | - W Berry Lyons
- School of Earth Sciences, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Martyn Tranter
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
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11
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Pryer HV, Hawkings JR, Wadham JL, Robinson LF, Hendry KR, Hatton JE, Kellerman AM, Bertrand S, Gill‐Olivas B, Marshall MG, Brooker RA, Daneri G, Häussermann V. The Influence of Glacial Cover on Riverine Silicon and Iron Exports in Chilean Patagonia. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2020; 34:e2020GB006611. [PMID: 33519063 PMCID: PMC7818384 DOI: 10.1029/2020gb006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaciated environments have been highlighted as important sources of bioavailable nutrients, with inputs of glacial meltwater potentially influencing productivity in downstream ecosystems. However, it is currently unclear how riverine nutrient concentrations vary across a spectrum of glacial cover, making it challenging to accurately predict how terrestrial fluxes will change with continued glacial retreat. Using 40 rivers in Chilean Patagonia as a unique natural laboratory, we investigate how glacial cover affects riverine Si and Fe concentrations, and infer how exports of these bioessential nutrients may change in the future. Dissolved Si (as silicic acid) and soluble Fe (<0.02 μm) concentrations were relatively low in glacier-fed rivers, whereas concentrations of colloidal-nanoparticulate (0.02-0.45 μm) Si and Fe increased significantly as a function of glacial cover. These colloidal-nanoparticulate phases were predominately composed of aluminosilicates and Fe-oxyhydroxides, highlighting the need for size-fractionated analyses and further research to quantify the lability of colloidal-nanoparticulate species. We also demonstrate the importance of reactive particulate (>0.45 μm) phases of both Si and Fe, which are not typically accounted for in terrestrial nutrient budgets but can dominate riverine exports. Dissolved Si and soluble Fe yield estimates showed no trend with glacial cover, suggesting no significant change in total exports with continued glacial retreat. However, yields of colloidal-nanoparticulate and reactive sediment-bound Si and Fe were an order of magnitude greater in highly glaciated catchments and showed significant positive correlations with glacial cover. As such, regional-scale exports of these phases are likely to decrease as glacial cover disappears across Chilean Patagonia, with potential implications for downstream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena V. Pryer
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jon R. Hawkings
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZPotsdamGermany
| | - Jemma L. Wadham
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | | | | | - Anne M. Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | | | - Beatriz Gill‐Olivas
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Matthew G. Marshall
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Giovanni Daneri
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la PatagoniaCoyhaiqueChile
- COPAS Sur‐AustralUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Vreni Häussermann
- Huinay Scientific Field StationPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile
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12
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Tessin A, März C, Kędra M, Matthiessen J, Morata N, Nairn M, O'Regan M, Peeken I. Benthic phosphorus cycling within the Eurasian marginal sea ice zone. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190358. [PMID: 32862806 PMCID: PMC7481675 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean region is currently undergoing dramatic changes, which will likely alter the nutrient cycles that underpin Arctic marine ecosystems. Phosphate is a key limiting nutrient for marine life but gaps in our understanding of the Arctic phosphorus (P) cycle persist. In this study, we investigate the benthic burial and recycling of phosphorus using sediments and pore waters from the Eurasian Arctic margin, including the Barents Sea slope and the Yermak Plateau. Our results highlight that P is generally lost from sediments with depth during organic matter respiration. On the Yermak Plateau, remobilization of P results in a diffusive flux of P to the seafloor of between 96 and 261 µmol m-2 yr-1. On the Barents Sea slope, diffusive fluxes of P are much larger (1736-2449 µmol m-2 yr-1), but these fluxes are into near-surface sediments rather than to the bottom waters. The difference in cycling on the Barents Sea slope is controlled by higher fluxes of fresh organic matter and active iron cycling. As changes in primary productivity, ocean circulation and glacial melt continue, benthic P cycling is likely to be altered with implications for P imported into the Arctic Ocean Basin. This article is part of the theme issue 'The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Tessin
- Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian März
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Monika Kędra
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Jens Matthiessen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Michael Nairn
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matt O'Regan
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilka Peeken
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
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13
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Buda J, Łokas E, Pietryka M, Richter D, Magowski W, Iakovenko NS, Porazinska DL, Budzik T, Grabiec M, Grzesiak J, Klimaszyk P, Gaca P, Zawierucha K. Biotope and biocenosis of cryoconite hole ecosystems on Ecology Glacier in the maritime Antarctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138112. [PMID: 32408434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent great interest in glacier ecosystems in the continental Antarctic, little is known about their maritime counterparts. Our study presents descriptive data on cryoconite sediments and cryoconite holes on Ecology Glacier (King George Island) to accomplish three main objectives: (a) to identify main eukaryotic (algae, invertebrates) and prokaryotic (cyanobacteria) components of microbial communities; (b) to provide a "baseline" of community composition, organic matter and artificial contamination; and (c) to identify key abiotic factors that might be important in community assembly. Cryoconite holes were sampled along an altitudinal gradient of Ecology Glacier in January, mid Austral Summer 2017. Cryoconite holes located in lower altitude were deeper than those located in the middle and the highest altitude. Seventeen species of algae and cyanobacteria with biomass of 0.79 to 5.37 μg/cm3 have been found in sediments. Dominant species were cyanobacterial Pseudanabaena frigida and Bacillariophyceae Microcostaus sp. Biomass of Bacillariophyceae was significantly higher than that of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. We found three species of rotifers (potentially two new to science) and for the first time a glacier dwelling Acari (suspension feeder, Nanorchestes nivalis). Organic matter content ranged from 5.4% to 7.6%. Investigated artificial radionuclides included 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am. 210Pb seems to be related to organic matter content. Overall, cryoconite holes on Ecology Glacier present unique habitats that serve as biodiversity hotspots of psychrophiles, source of organic matter, matrices for radioactivity tracking and model for observing changes in supraglacial ecosystems in the maritime Antarctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Łokas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosława Pietryka
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Richter
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Magowski
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Nataliia S Iakovenko
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ - 165 21 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota L Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tomasz Budzik
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grabiec
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzesiak
- Department of Antarctic Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Gaca
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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14
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Potapowicz J, Szumińska D, Szopińska M, Bialik RJ, Machowiak K, Chmiel S, Polkowska Ż. Seashore sediment and water chemistry at the Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) - Geochemical analysis and correlations between the concentrations of chemical species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110888. [PMID: 32479278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study covers water and sediment chemical characteristics by the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) in 2016. Chemical processes between sediment and water have been described based on the determination of ions, metals, non-metals, and TOC concentrations. Rock weathering is an important source of Fe, Ni, Co, Al in the seashore area. The PCA shows the impact of acidification in the release metals from sediment. Our results indicate that riverine mineral fluxes need to be accounted for as the volume of melt increases in response to climate change. Based on geoaccumulation indexes (anthropogenic fingerprint), we observed an increased concentration of Pb (Igeo = 1.643), in the lake near station facilities and Cd in the area of Ecology Glacier (Igeo > 1.389). Taking into account climate change and the intensification of anthropopressure, our study indicates that Antarctica requires a special focus on the seasonal dynamics of mineral content and pollution assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Machowiak
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 5 Piotrowo, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2 C-D Kraśnicka Ave., Lublin 20-718, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
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15
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Wadham JL, Hawkings JR, Tarasov L, Gregoire LJ, Spencer RGM, Gutjahr M, Ridgwell A, Kohfeld KE. Ice sheets matter for the global carbon cycle. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3567. [PMID: 31417076 PMCID: PMC6695407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice sheets were viewed as inert components of this cycle and largely disregarded in global models. Research in the past decade has transformed this view, demonstrating the existence of uniquely adapted microbial communities, high rates of biogeochemical/physical weathering in ice sheets and storage and cycling of organic carbon (>104 Pg C) and nutrients. Here we assess the active role of ice sheets in the global carbon cycle and potential ramifications of enhanced melt and ice discharge in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wadham
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.
| | - J R Hawkings
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Tarasov
- Memorial University, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | | | - R G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | | | - A Ridgwell
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 94720, USA
| | - K E Kohfeld
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, 8888, Canada
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16
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Tovar-Sánchez A, González-Ortegón E, Duarte CM. Trace metal partitioning in the top meter of the ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:907-914. [PMID: 30380497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biogeochemical cycles and distribution of trace elements in the marine environment is one of the main challenges in chemical oceanography. We describe herein the trace metal composition of the uppermost surface ocean of various oceanographic regions (Arctic and Southern Oceans, subtropical Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea). Our results show that trace metals in the top meter of the ocean are found in two clearly differentiated layers according to metal abundance and stoichiometry, namely the surface microlayer (SML) and its underlying subsurface water (SSW). Although metal concentrations in the subsurface dissolved fractions vary regionally and globally, it shows a singular metal stoichiometric signature. This work emphasizes the need to study of the SML as unique compartment to improve our understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of trace metals in the surface ocean, especially for metals, such as Pb, Fe and Cu, which are abundant in the SML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
- ICMAN-Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- ICMAN-Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; CEI-MAR International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Hopwood MJ, Carroll D, Browning TJ, Meire L, Mortensen J, Krisch S, Achterberg EP. Non-linear response of summertime marine productivity to increased meltwater discharge around Greenland. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3256. [PMID: 30108210 PMCID: PMC6092443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is thought to enhance marine productivity by adding bioessential iron and silicic acid to coastal waters. However, experimental data suggest nitrate is the main summertime growth-limiting resource in regions affected by meltwater around Greenland. While meltwater contains low nitrate concentrations, subglacial discharge plumes from marine-terminating glaciers entrain large quantities of nitrate from deep seawater. Here, we characterize the nitrate fluxes that arise from entrainment of seawater within these plumes using a subglacial discharge plume model. The upwelled flux from 12 marine-terminating glaciers is estimated to be >1000% of the total nitrate flux from GrIS discharge. This plume upwelling effect is highly sensitive to the glacier grounding line depth. For a majority of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers nitrate fluxes will diminish as they retreat. This decline occurs even if discharge volume increases, resulting in a negative impact on nitrate availability and thus summertime marine productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hopwood
- Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - D Carroll
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - T J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - L Meire
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO BOX 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - J Mortensen
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO BOX 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - S Krisch
- Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - E P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany
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18
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Bown J, van Haren H, Meredith MP, Venables HJ, Laan P, Brearley JA, de Baar HJW. Evidences of strong sources of DFe and DMn in Ryder Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0172. [PMID: 29760115 PMCID: PMC5954471 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, biogeochemical cycling and external sources of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese (DFe and DMn) were investigated in Ryder Bay, a small coastal embayment of the West Antarctic Peninsula, during Austral summer (2013 and 2014). Dissolved concentrations were measured throughout the water column at 11 stations within Ryder Bay. The concentration ranges of DFe and DMn were large, between 0.58 and 32.7 nM, and between 0.18 and 26.2 nM, respectively, exhibiting strong gradients from the surface to the bottom. Surface concentrations of DFe and DMn were higher than concentrations reported for the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctic waters, and extremely high concentrations were detected in deep water. Glacial meltwater and shallow sediments are likely to be the main sources of DFe and DMn in the euphotic zone, while lateral advection associated with local sediment resuspension and vertical mixing are significant sources for intermediate and deep waters. During summer, vertical mixing of intermediate and deep waters and sediment resuspension occurring from Marguerite Trough to Ryder Bay are thought to be amplified by a series of overflows at the sills, enhancing the input of Fe and Mn from bottom sediment and increasing their concentrations up to the euphotic layer.This article is part of the theme issue 'The marine system of the West Antarctic Peninsula: status and strategy for progress in a region of rapid change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bown
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Haren
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Hugh J Venables
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Patrick Laan
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hein J W de Baar
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Department of Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Meredith MP, Falk U, Bers AV, Mackensen A, Schloss IR, Ruiz Barlett E, Jerosch K, Silva Busso A, Abele D. Anatomy of a glacial meltwater discharge event in an Antarctic cove. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0163. [PMID: 29760108 PMCID: PMC5954464 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glacial meltwater discharge from Antarctica is a key influence on the marine environment, impacting ocean circulation, sea level and productivity of the pelagic and benthic ecosystems. The responses elicited depend strongly on the characteristics of the meltwater releases, including timing, spatial structure and geochemical composition. Here we use isotopic tracers to reveal the time-varying pattern of meltwater during a discharge event from the Fourcade Glacier into Potter Cove, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The discharge is strongly dependent on local air temperature, and accumulates into an extremely thin, buoyant layer at the surface. This layer showed evidence of elevated turbidity, and responded rapidly to changes in atmospherically driven circulation to generate a strongly pulsed outflow from the cove to the broader ocean. These characteristics contrast with those further south along the Peninsula, where strong glacial frontal ablation is driven oceanographically by intrusions of warm deep waters from offshore. The Fourcade Glacier switched very recently to being land-terminating; if retreat rates elsewhere along the Peninsula remain high and glacier termini progress strongly landward, the structure and impact of the freshwater discharges are likely to increasingly resemble the patterns elucidated here.This article is part of the theme issue 'The marine system of the West Antarctic Peninsula: status and strategy for progress in a region of rapid change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Ulrike Falk
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am alten Hafen 24/Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anna Valeria Bers
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am alten Hafen 24/Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am alten Hafen 24/Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Irene R Schloss
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC, CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | | | - Kerstin Jerosch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am alten Hafen 24/Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Doris Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am alten Hafen 24/Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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