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Hu W, Bei HP, Jiang H, Wu D, Yu X, Zhou X, Sun Q, Lu Q, Du Q, Wang L, Luo Z, Wu G, Zhao X, Wang S. DLM-GelMA/tumor slice sandwich structured tumor on a chip for drug efficacy testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3718-3727. [PMID: 38953554 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The in vitro recapitulation of tumor microenvironment is of great interest to preclinical screening of drugs. Compared with culture of cell lines, tumor organ slices can better preserve the complex tumor architecture and phenotypic activity of native cells, but are limited by their exposure to fluid shear and gradual degradation under perfusion culture. Here, we established a decellularized liver matrix (DLM)-GelMA "sandwich" structure and a perfusion-based microfluidic platform to support long-term culture of tumor slices with excellent structural integrity and cell viability over 7 days. The DLM-GelMA was able to secrete cytokines and growth factors while providing shear protection to the tumor slice via the sandwich structure, leading to the preservation of the tumor microenvironment where immune cells (CD3, CD8, CD68), tumor-associated fibroblasts (α-SMA), and extracellular matrix components (collagen I, fibronectin) were well maintained. Furthermore, this chip presented anti-tumor efficacy at cisplatin (20 μM) on tumor patients, demonstrating our platform's efficacy to design patient-specific treatment regimens. Taken together, the successful development of this DLM-GelMA sandwich structure on the chip could faithfully reflect the tumor microenvironment and immune response, accelerating the screening process of drug molecules and providing insights for practical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Ho-Pan Bei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Qiuwan Sun
- Sichuan Diya BioTechnology Group Company, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Qinrui Lu
- Sichuan Diya BioTechnology Group Company, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Qijun Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Liangwen Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
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Wang Z, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Xia F, Zhu J, Dai J, Zhuge X. Extracellular vesicles produced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) activate macrophage proinflammatory response and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through TLR4 signaling. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:177. [PMID: 37689682 PMCID: PMC10492386 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the major pathogen causing important avian diseases in poultry. As an important subtype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, APEC has zoonotic potential and is considered a foodborne pathogen. APEC extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play vital roles in the interaction of the pathogen with its host cells. However, the precise roles played by APEC EVs are still not completely clear, especially in immune cells. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the relationships between APEC EVs and immune cells. The production and characteristics of the EVs of APEC isolate CT265 were identified. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) triggered the cellular immune responses when it interacted with APEC EVs. APEC EVs induced a significant release of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 macrophages. APEC EVs induced the macrophage inflammatory response via the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which participated in the activation of the APEC-EV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from APEC EVs reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling. Because APEC EVs activated the macrophage inflammatory response and cytokines release, we speculated that the interaction between APEC EVs and macrophages activated and promoted neutrophil migration during APEC extraintestinal infection. This study is the first to report that APEC EVs induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and chicken heterophil extracellular traps. Treatment with APEC EVs induced SAPK/JNK activation in neutrophils. The inhibition of TLR4 signaling suppressed APEC-EV-induced NET formation. However, although APEC EVs activated the immune response of macrophages and initiated NET formation, they also damaged macrophages, causing their apoptosis. The loss of LPS from APEC EVs did not prevent this process. CONCLUSION APEC-derived EVs induced inflammatory responses in macrophages and NETs in neutrophils, and that TLR4 was involved in the APEC-EV-activated inflammatory response. These findings provided a basis for the further study of APEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Zhu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Fufang Xia
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China.
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Chang Z, Li R, Zhang J, An L, Zhou G, Lei M, Deng J, Yang R, Song Z, Zhong W, Qi D, Duan X, Li S, Sun B, Wu W. Distinct immune and inflammatory response patterns contribute to the identification of poor prognosis and advanced clinical characters in bladder cancer patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008865. [PMID: 36389789 PMCID: PMC9646535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the molecular heterogeneity, most bladder cancer (BLCA) patients show no pathological responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy yet suffer from their toxicity. This study identified and validated three distinct and stable molecular clusters of BLCA in cross-platform databases based on personalized immune and inflammatory characteristics. H&E-stained histopathology images confirmed the distinct infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells among clusters. Cluster-A was characterized by a favorable prognosis and low immune and inflammatory infiltration but showed the highest abundance of prognosis-related favorable immune cell and inflammatory activity. Cluster-B featured the worst prognosis and high immune infiltration, but numerous unfavorable immune cells exist. Cluster-C had a favorable prognosis and the highest immune and inflammatory infiltration. Based on machine learning, a highly precise predictive model (immune and inflammatory responses signature, IIRS), including FN1, IL10, MYC, CD247, and TLR2, was developed and validated to identify the high IIRS-score group that had a poor prognosis and advanced clinical characteristics. Compared to other published models, IIRS showed the highest AUC in 5 years of overall survival (OS) and a favorable predictive value in predicting 1- and 3- year OS. Moreover, IIRS showed an excellent performance in predicting immunotherapy and chemotherapy's response. According to immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, IIRS genes were differentially expressed between tumor tissues with corresponding normal or adjacent tissues. Finally, immunohistochemical and H&E-stained analyses were performed on the bladder tissues of 13 BLCA patients to further demonstrate that the IIRS score is a valid substitute for IIR patterns and can contribute to identifying patients with poor clinical and histopathology characteristics. In conclusion, we established a novel IIRS depicting an IIR pattern that could independently predict OS and acts as a highly precise predictive biomarker for advanced clinical characters and the responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Chang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyue An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwang Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pylaeva E, Korschunow G, Spyra I, Bordbari S, Siakaeva E, Ozel I, Domnich M, Squire A, Hasenberg A, Thangavelu K, Hussain T, Goetz M, Lang KS, Gunzer M, Hansen W, Buer J, Bankfalvi A, Lang S, Jablonska J. During early stages of cancer, neutrophils initiate anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111171. [PMID: 35977505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) play a crucial role during cancer spread and in initiation of anti-cancer adaptive immunity. Neutrophils form a substantial population of cells in LNs with poorly understood functions. Here, we demonstrate that, during head and neck cancer (HNC) progression, tumor-associated neutrophils transmigrate to LNs and shape anti-tumor responses in a stage-dependent manner. In metastasis-free stages (N0), neutrophils develop an antigen-presenting phenotype (HLA-DR+CD80+CD86+ICAM1+PD-L1-) and stimulate T cells (CD27+Ki67highPD-1-). LN metastases release GM-CSF and via STAT3 trigger development of PD-L1+ immunosuppressive neutrophils, which repress T cell responses. The accumulation of neutrophils in T cell-rich zones of LNs in N0 constitutes a positive predictor for 5-year survival, while increased numbers of neutrophils in LNs of N1-3 stages predict poor prognosis in HNC. These results suggest a dual role of neutrophils as essential regulators of anti-cancer immunity in LNs and argue for approaches fostering immunostimulatory activity of these cells during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Georg Korschunow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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5
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Hussain T, Domnich M, Bordbari S, Pylaeva E, Siakaeva E, Spyra I, Ozel I, Droege F, Squire A, Lienenklaus S, Sutter K, Hasenberg A, Gunzer M, Lang S, Jablonska J. IFNAR1 Deficiency Impairs Immunostimulatory Properties of Neutrophils in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878959. [PMID: 35833131 PMCID: PMC9271705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are the first organs where the metastatic spread of different types of cancer, including head and neck cancer (HNC), occurs and have therefore high prognostic relevance. Moreover, first anti-cancer immune responses have been shown to be initiated in such LNs via tumor-educated myeloid cells. Among myeloid cells present in TDLNs, neutrophils represent a valuable population and considerably participate in the activation of effector lymphocytes there. Tumor-supportive or tumor-inhibiting activity of neutrophils strongly depends on the surrounding microenvironment. Thus, type I interferon (IFN) availability has been shown to prime anti-tumor activity of these cells. In accordance, mice deficient in type I IFNs show elevated tumor growth and metastatic spread, accompanied by the pro-tumoral neutrophil bias. To reveal the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, we have studied here the influence of defective type I IFN signaling on the immunoregulatory activity of neutrophils in TDLNs. Live imaging of such LNs was performed using two-photon microscopy in a transplantable murine HNC model. CatchupIVM-red and Ifnar1-/- (type I IFN receptor- deficient) CatchupIVM-red mice were used to visualize neutrophils and to assess their interaction with T-cells in vivo. We have evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of neutrophil/T-cell interactions in LNs in the context of type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1) availability in tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, phenotypic and functional analyses were performed to further characterize the mechanisms regulating neutrophil immunoregulatory capacity. We demonstrated that inactive IFNAR1 leads to elevated accumulation of neutrophils in TDLNs. However, these neutrophils show significantly impaired capacity to interact with and to stimulate T-cells. As a result, a significant reduction of contacts between neutrophils and T lymphocytes is observed, with further impairment of T-cell proliferation and activation. This possibly contributes to the enhanced tumor growth in Ifnar1-/- mice. In agreement with this, IFNAR1-independent activation of downstream IFN signaling using IFN-λ improved the immunostimulatory capacity of neutrophils in TDLNs and contributed to the suppression of tumor growth. Our results suggest that functional type I IFN signaling is essential for neutrophil immunostimulatory capacity and that stimulation of this signaling may provide a therapeutic opportunity in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Freya Droege
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Biospectroscopy Research Department, Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS) e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jadwiga Jablonska,
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Mollace A, Coluccio ML, Donato G, Mollace V, Malara N. Cross-talks in colon cancer between RAGE/AGEs axis and inflammation/immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1281-1295. [PMID: 34194625 PMCID: PMC8238251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is the result of the activity of many types of cells in various metabolic states, whose metabolites are shared between cells. This cellular complexity results in an availability profile of nutrients and reactive metabolites such as advanced glycation end products (AGE). The tumour microenvironment is not favourable to immune cells due to hypoxia and for the existence of significant competition between various types of cells for a limited nutrient pool. However, it is now known that cancer cells can influence the host's immune reaction through the expression and secretion of numerous molecules. The microenvironment can therefore present itself in different patterns that contribute to shaping immune surveillance. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important causes of death in cancer patients. Recently, immunotherapy has begun to give encouraging results in some groups of patients suffering from this neoplasm. The analysis of literature data shows that the RAGE (Receptor for advanced glycation end products) and its numerous ligands contribute to connect the energy metabolic pathway, which appears prevalently disconnected by mitochondrial running, with the immune reaction, conditioned by local microbiota and influencing tumour growth. Understanding how metabolism in cancer and immune cells shapes response and resistance to therapy, will provide novel potential strategies to increase both the number of tumour types treated by immunotherapy and the rate of immunotherapy response. The analysis of literature data shows that an immunotherapy approach based on the knowledge of RAGE and its ligands is not only possible, but also desirable in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre IRC-FSH, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Coluccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Bionem Laboratory, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre IRC-FSH, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Bionem Laboratory, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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7
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McWhirter SM, Jefferies CA. Nucleic Acid Sensors as Therapeutic Targets for Human Disease. Immunity 2021; 53:78-97. [PMID: 32668230 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune sensors that detect nucleic acids are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention because of their diverse roles in many disease processes. In detecting RNA and DNA from either self or non-self, nucleic acid sensors mediate the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Despite promising pre-clinical data and investigational use in the clinic, relatively few drugs targeting nucleic acid sensors are approved for therapeutic use. Nevertheless, there is growing appreciation for the untapped potential of nucleic acid sensors as therapeutic targets, driven by the need for better therapies for cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. This review highlights the diverse mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensors are activated and exert their biological effects in the context of various disease settings. We discuss current therapeutic strategies utilizing agonists and antagonists targeting nucleic acid sensors to treat infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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8
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Sha S, Pearson JA, Peng J, Hu Y, Huang J, Xing Y, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Wong FS, Chen L, Wen L. TLR9 Deficiency in B Cells Promotes Immune Tolerance via Interleukin-10 in a Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Diabetes 2021; 70:504-515. [PMID: 33154070 PMCID: PMC7881860 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in B cells, and B cells are important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. However, the intrinsic effect of TLR9 in B cells on β-cell autoimmunity is not known. To fill this knowledge gap, we generated NOD mice with a B-cell-specific deficiency of TLR9 (TLR9fl/fl/CD19-Cre+ NOD). The B-cell-specific deletion of TLR9 resulted in near-complete protection from T1D development. Diabetes protection was accompanied by an increased proportion of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing B cells. We also found that TLR9-deficient B cells were hyporesponsive to both innate and adaptive immune stimuli. This suggested that TLR9 in B cells modulates T1D susceptibility in NOD mice by changing the frequency and function of IL-10-producing B cells. Molecular analysis revealed a network of TLR9 with matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and CD40, all of which are interconnected with IL-10. Our study has highlighted an important connection of an innate immune molecule in B cells to the immunopathogenesis of T1D. Thus, targeting the TLR9 pathway, specifically in B cells, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - James A Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Juan Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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9
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Okude H, Ori D, Kawai T. Signaling Through Nucleic Acid Sensors and Their Roles in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625833. [PMID: 33633744 PMCID: PMC7902034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for eliciting antiviral immune responses by inducing the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Such responses are a prerequisite for mounting innate and pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. However, host cells also use nucleic acids as carriers of genetic information, and the aberrant recognition of self-nucleic acids by PRRs is associated with the onset of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of nucleic acid sensing by PRRs, including Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and DNA sensor molecules, and their signaling pathways as well as the disorders caused by uncontrolled or unnecessary activation of these PRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Okude
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
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10
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Wang W, Bai L, Li W, Cui J. The Lipid Metabolic Landscape of Cancers and New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605154. [PMID: 33364199 PMCID: PMC7753360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprograming, as a hallmark of malignancy, has received renewed interest in recent years in such areas as energy sources, cell membrane components, and signaling molecules involved in the rapid tumor growth and the adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolism deregulation in cancer involves multiple aspects, including an increased lipid uptake, endogenous de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol accumulation, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression. Recent advances in the understanding of specific metabolic alterations in cancer reveal novel pathogenesis mechanisms and a growing number of drugs targeting lipid metabolism have been applied in anti-tumor therapy. Thus, this review discusses the lipid metabolic landscape of cancers and the interplay with oncogenic signaling, and summarizes potential therapeutic targets to improve the therapeutic efficiency in cancer patients, in order to provide more reference and thinking for the treatment of lipid metabolism of cancer patients.
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11
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Ahn JH, Kang S, Park S, Song H, Yun Y, Choi S, Chong SE, Cheon DH, Chun D, Oh JH, Nam S, Lee Y. Reversible Protein Conjugation on Live Cell Surfaces by Specific Recognition between Coiled-Coil Motifs of Natural Amino Acid Sequences. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3539-3546. [PMID: 32678573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a reversible covalent conjugation method for peptides, proteins, and even live cells based on specific recognition between natural amino acid sequences. Two heptad sequences can specifically recognize each other and induce the formation of a disulfide bond between cysteine residues. We show the covalent bond formation and dissociation between peptides and proteins in cell-free conditions and on the surface of live cells. Because heptad sequences consist of natural amino acids, they are expressed in cells without additional preparation and can be used to selectively conjugate peptides, proteins, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaejin Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Chun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Gerada C, Ryan KM. Autophagy, the innate immune response and cancer. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1913-1929. [PMID: 32745353 PMCID: PMC7463325 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system, which can interact with components of innate immune signalling pathways to enhance pathogen clearance, in both immune and nonimmune cells. Whilst this interaction is often beneficial for pathogen clearance, it can have varying outcomes in regard to tumorigenesis. Autophagy and the innate immune response can have both pro- and antitumorigenic effects at different stages of tumorigenesis due to the plastic nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Although both of these components have been studied in isolation as potential therapeutic targets, there has been less research concerning the interaction between autophagy and the innate immune response within the TME. As the innate immune response is critical for the formation of an effective antitumour adaptive immune response, targeting autophagy pathways in both tumour cells and innate immune cells could enhance tumour clearance. Within tumour cells, autophagy pathways are intertwined with pattern recognition receptor (PRR), inflammatory and cell death pathways, and therefore can alter the immunogenicity of the TME and development of the antitumour immune response. In innate immune cells, autophagy components can have autophagy-independent roles in functional pathways, and therefore could be valuable targets for enhancing immune cell function in the TME and immunotherapy. This review highlights the individual importance of autophagy and the innate immune response to tumorigenesis, and also explains the complex interactions between these pathways in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gerada
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
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13
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Bai L, Li W, Zheng W, Xu D, Chen N, Cui J. Promising targets based on pattern recognition receptors for cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Hong EH, Cho J, Ahn JH, Kwon BE, Kweon MN, Seo SU, Yoon BI, Chang SY, Ko HJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate colitis-associated tumorigenesis by controlling myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:102-112. [PMID: 32810576 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 are important for stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which secrete type I interferon. Mice deficient for TLR3 and TLR7 (TLR3-/-TLR7-/-) reportedly exhibit deteriorated colitis because of impaired pDCs. However, the role of pDCs in tumorigenesis-associated inflammation progression has not been studied. We treated wild-type or TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and/or azoxymethane (AOM) and examined colon mucosa, measured body weight and colon length of mice, and examined pDC and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation. Further, we depleted pDCs in AOM/DSS-treated wild-type mice by treating them with anti-PDCA-1 antibodies. We found that MDSCs significantly increased, while pDCs decreased in TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice. Moreover, TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice developed colitis-associated colon cancer following AOM/DSS treatment. Additionally, we showed that a defect in TLR7 of pDCs is responsible for the aggravation of colitis-associated colon cancer. Further, we showed that TLR7 ligand mitigates colitis-associated colon cancer. Collectively, our results demonstrate that gut pDCs play a crucial role in reducing colorectal cancer development via the regulation of infiltrating MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Hong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Cho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Ahn
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Laboratory of Histology and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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15
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Zhou B, Yan J, Guo L, Zhang B, Liu S, Yu M, Chen Z, Zhang K, Zhang W, Li X, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Hung MC, Li H, Ye Q. Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2020; 10:6530-6543. [PMID: 32483468 PMCID: PMC7255037 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A TLR9 agonist in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor produced powerful antitumor responses in a clinical trial despite TLR9 agonists as monotherapies failing to generate systemic antitumor immune responses due to immunosuppressive effects. However, the mechanism involved in the improved response induced by their combination remains unknown. Methods: Subcutaneous and orthotopic Hepa1-6 tumor model was used for single-drug and combined-drug treatment. We used TLR9 agonist stimulation or lentiviral vectors to overexpress TLR9 and activate TLR9 signaling. We next investigated the crosstalk between PARP1 autoPARylation and ubiquitination and between STAT3 PARylation and phosphorylation mediated by TLR9. Tissue chips were used to analyze the relationships among TLR9, PARP1, p-STAT3 and PD-L1 expression. Results: In this study, we found that the TLR9 agonist in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy or anti-PD-L1 therapy yielded an additive effect that inhibited HCC growth in mice. Mechanistically, we found that TLR9 promoted PD-L1 transcription by enhancing STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation. Then, we observed that TLR9 negatively regulated PARP1 expression, which mediated a decrease in STAT3 PARylation and an increase in STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation. Moreover, we found that TLR9 enhanced PARP1 autoPARylation by inhibiting PARG expression, which then promoted the RNF146-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of PARP1. Finally, we observed positive associations between TLR9 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) or PD-L1 expression and negative associations between TLR9 and PARP1 in HCC patient samples. Conclusions: We showed that hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation regulated the crosstalk between PARP1 autoPARylation and ubiquitination and between STAT3 PARylation and phosphorylation, which together upregulated PD-L1 expression and finally induces immune escape. Therefore, combination therapy with a TLR9 agonist and an anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-L1 had much better antitumor efficacy than either monotherapy in HCC.
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16
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Yang Z, Feng J, Xiao L, Chen X, Yao Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Lu M, Qian Y, Wu H, Shi M. Tumor-Derived Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 Predicts Survival and Antitumor Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 71:1626-1642. [PMID: 31479523 PMCID: PMC7318564 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to immunosuppression. Relieving immunosuppression has been an attractive strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) is a pattern recognition receptor which is specifically expressed in liver and implicated in the regulation of innate immunity and immunosurveillance. However, the role of hepatic PGLYRP2 in modulating immune responses against HCC remains to be investigated. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated whether PGLYRP2 is able to influence HCC progression through regulating host antitumor immune responses. We demonstrated that PGLYRP2 was down-regulated in HCC, which was linked with poor prognosis in patients (P < 0.001). PGLYRP2 overexpression in HCC cells significantly enhanced antitumor immune responses in immune-competent mice and elevated immune response rates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against HCC. Mechanistically, DNA methyltransferase 3A-mediated promoter hypermethylation was responsible for the down-regulation of PGLYRP2 in HCC. PGLYRP2 promoted production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in HCC through binding to the CCL5 promoter, which contributed to the enhanced antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that tumor-derived PGLYRP2 acts as a candidate biomarker for adequate immune response against HCC and improved patient outcomes, indicating the importance of hepatic PGLYRP2 in cancer immunosurveillance and in designing immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Yang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Yuanfei Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yiqun Li
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Min Lu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Hongjin Wu
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addition MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
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17
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Sody S, Uddin M, Grüneboom A, Görgens A, Giebel B, Gunzer M, Brandau S. Distinct Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Small Tumor Lesions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1419. [PMID: 31293583 PMCID: PMC6603174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Across a majority of cancer types tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are linked with poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the intratumoral behavior of TAN, are largely unknown. Using intravital multiphoton imaging on a mouse model with neutrophil-specific fluorescence, we measured the migration of TAN in distinct compartments of solid tumor cell lesions in vivo. By longitudinally quantifying the infiltration and persistence of TAN into growing tumors in the same animals, we observed cells that either populated the peripheral stromal zone of the tumor (peritumoral TAN) or infiltrated into the tumor core (intratumoral TAN). Intratumoral TAN showed prolonged tumor-associated persistence and reduced motility compared to peritumoral TAN, whose velocity increased with tumor progression. Selective pharmacological blockade of CXCR2 receptors using AZD5069 profoundly inhibited recruitment of TAN into peritumoral regions, while intratumoral infiltration was only transiently attenuated and rebounded at later time points. Our findings unravel distinct spatial dynamics of TAN that are partially and differentially regulated via the CXCR2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory Global Medicines Development (GMD), AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Ayala‐Cuellar AP, Cho J, Choi K. Toll‐like receptors: A pathway alluding to cancer control. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21707-21715. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Ayala‐Cuellar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Bio‐Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
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19
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Aleynick M, Svensson-Arvelund J, Flowers CR, Marabelle A, Brody JD. Pathogen Molecular Pattern Receptor Agonists: Treating Cancer by Mimicking Infection. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6283-6294. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Kartikasari AER, Prakash MD, Cox M, Wilson K, Boer JC, Cauchi JA, Plebanski M. Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines-T Cell Responses and Epigenetic Modulation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3109. [PMID: 30740111 PMCID: PMC6357987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in developing efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines, as this type of therapy allows targeted killing of tumor cells as well as long-lasting immune protection. High levels of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are associated with better prognosis in many cancers, and it is expected that new generation vaccines will induce effective production of these cells. Epigenetic mechanisms can promote changes in host immune responses, as well as mediate immune evasion by cancer cells. Here, we focus on epigenetic modifications involved in both vaccine-adjuvant-generated T cell immunity and cancer immune escape mechanisms. We propose that vaccine-adjuvant systems may be utilized to induce beneficial epigenetic modifications and discuss how epigenetic interventions could improve vaccine-based therapies. Additionally, we speculate on how, given the unique nature of individual epigenetic landscapes, epigenetic mapping of cancer progression and specific subsequent immune responses, could be harnessed to tailor therapeutic vaccines to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E R Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica D Prakash
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Momodou Cox
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Cauchi
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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21
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Bystander T Cells: A Balancing Act of Friends and Foes. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:1021-1035. [PMID: 30413351 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses are essential for appropriate protection against pathogens. T cell immunity is achieved through the ability to discriminate between foreign and self-molecules, and this relies heavily on stringent T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. Recently, bystander activated T lymphocytes, that are specific for unrelated epitopes during an antigen-specific response, have been implicated in diverse diseases. Numerous infection models have challenged the classic dogma of T cell activation as being solely dependent on TCR and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interactions, indicating an unappreciated role for pathogen-associated receptors on T cells. We discuss here the specific roles of bystander activated T cells in pathogenesis, shedding light on the ability of these cells to modulate disease severity independently from TCR recognition.
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22
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Smith M, García-Martínez E, Pitter MR, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1526250. [PMID: 30524908 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1526250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists demonstrate therapeutic promise as immunological adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. To date, three TLR agonists have been approved by US regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Additionally, the potential of hitherto experimental TLR ligands to mediate clinically useful immunostimulatory effects has been extensively investigated over the past few years. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael R Pitter
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Xu Y, Ikeda S, Sumida K, Yamamoto R, Tanaka H, Minato N. Sipa1 deficiency unleashes a host-immune mechanism eradicating chronic myelogenous leukemia-initiating cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 29500416 PMCID: PMC5834470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) caused by hematopoietic stem cells expressing the Bcr-Abl fusion gene may be controlled by Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, CML-initiating cells are resistant to TKIs and may persist as minimal residual disease. We demonstrate that mice deficient in Sipa1, which encodes Rap1 GTPase-activating protein, rarely develop CML upon transfer of primary hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Bcr-Abl, which cause lethal CML disease in wild-type mice. Resistance requires both T cells and nonhematopoietic cells. Sipa1−/− mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) show enhanced activation and directed migration to Bcr-Abl+ cells in tumor tissue and preferentially produce Cxcl9, which in turn recruits Sipa1−/− memory T cells that have markedly augmented chemotactic activity. Thus, Sipa1 deficiency uncovers a host immune mechanism potentially capable of eradicating Bcr-Abl+ HPCs via coordinated interplay between MSCs and immune T cells, which may provide a clue for radical control of human CML. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-initiating cells are resistant to kinase inhibitors. Here the authors show that deficiency of the Rap1 GTPase-activating protein Sipa1 in the tumor microenvironment releases an immune response that eradicates CML-initiating cells via interplay between stromal and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sumida
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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24
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Lin W, Zhao Z, Ni Z, Zhao Y, Du W, Chen S. IFI16 restoration in hepatocellular carcinoma induces tumour inhibition via activation of p53 signals and inflammasome. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28990231 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon-inducible 16 (IFI16) is known to involve in p53-dependent tumour suppression and also the formation of inflammasome, which function, however, remains controversy during carcinogenesis as a pattern recognition receptor for tumour death-derived free DNA. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumour role of IFI16 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (n = 20) and corresponding non-neoplastic tissues (n = 20) were collected to determine the expression of IFI16. After the transfection of pcDNA3.1-IFI16 into Huh7 and SMMC7721 cells in vitro, the influence of IFI16 overexpression on cell vitality, colony formation, apoptosis and migration were analysed. The role effect of IFI16 in vivo was further investigated. RESULTS The expression of IFI16 was significantly decreased in tumour tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of IFI16 induced decrease of cell vitality, colony formation and increased apoptosis with impaired ability of migration. Mechanistically, IFI16 could activate p53 at Ser15 to up-regulate the p21WAF1/CIP1 level to inhibit tumour growth and migration, which was restored by the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α (20 μmol/L). Moreover, IFI16-induced tumour cell death promoted the recruitment of inflammasome complex to enhance tumour inhibition, but the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK (50 μmol/L) could suppress this process in HCC. The results in vivo indicated that restored expression of IFI16 in tumour cells effectively promote tumour regression, which could be partly abrogated by the inhibition of activation of p53 signals or induced inflammasome. CONCLUSION IFI16 is a tumour suppressor in HCC via activation of p53 signals and inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of the Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonglin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Digestive Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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25
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Zundler S, Klingberg A, Schillinger D, Fischer S, Neufert C, Atreya I, Gunzer M, Neurath MF. Three-Dimensional Cross-Sectional Light-Sheet Microscopy Imaging of the Inflamed Mouse Gut. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:898-900. [PMID: 28870528 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen
| | - Anika Klingberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen
| | - Daniela Schillinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen; Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Vlahopoulos SA. Aberrant control of NF-κB in cancer permits transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity, to curtail dependence on host tissue: molecular mode. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:254-270. [PMID: 28884042 PMCID: PMC5570602 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the transcription factor NF-κB in shaping the cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly clear. Inflammation alters the activity of enzymes that modulate NF-κB function, and causes extensive changes in genomic chromatin that ultimately drastically alter cell-specific gene expression. NF-κB regulates the expression of cytokines and adhesion factors that control interactions among adjacent cells. As such, NF-κB fine tunes tissue cellular composition, as well as tissues' interactions with the immune system. Therefore, NF-κB changes the cell response to hormones and to contact with neighboring cells. Activating NF-κB confers transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity to a cell and thereby enables profound local changes in tissue function and composition. Research suggests that the regulation of NF-κB target genes is specifically altered in cancer. Such alterations occur not only due to mutations of NF-κB regulatory proteins, but also because of changes in the activity of specific proteostatic modules and metabolic pathways. This article describes the molecular mode of NF-κB regulation with a few characteristic examples of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- The First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens 11527, Greece
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