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Zhang C, Qiu M, Fu H. Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases: the effect of cytokine regulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2132-2143. [PMID: 38488548 PMCID: PMC11034588 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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He C, Li Y, Gan L, Lin Y, Zhang B, Ma L, Xue H. Notch signaling regulates Th17 cells differentiation through PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway and involves in the thyroid injury of autoimmune thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1971-1986. [PMID: 38285310 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common thyroid disease; however, there were no measures to prevent the progression of the disease. The present study attempts to identify that Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells by activating downstream Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/AKT/mTORC1) pathway participating in the thyroid injury of the experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). METHODS In vivo experiments, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, an EAT group, and two groups with LY294002 treatment (pTg plus 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg LY294002, respectively). The degrees of thyroiditis were evaluated, and the percentage of Th17 cells, expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and the main components of the Notch-PI3K signaling pathway were detected in different groups. In vitro experiments, two different dosages of LY294002 (25 and 50 μM) were used to intervene splenic mononuclear cells (SMCs) from EAT mice to further evaluate the regulatory effect of Notch-PI3K pathway on Th17 cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that the infiltration of Th17 cells and the expressions of IL-17A, Notch, hairy and split 1 (Hes1), p‑AKT (Ser473), p‑AKT (Thr308), p‑mTOR (Ser2448), S6K1, and S6K2 increased remarkably in EAT mice. After PI3K pathway was blocked, the degrees of thyroiditis were significantly alleviated, and the proportion of Th17 cells, the expression of IL-17A, and the above Notch-PI3K pathway-related molecules decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the proportion of Th17 cells was positively correlated with the concentration of serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), IL-17A, and Notch-PI3K pathway-related molecules mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Notch signal promotes the secretion of IL-17A from Th17 cells by regulating the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway through Hes-Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and participates in thyroid autoimmune damage, and the PI3K pathway inhibitor may play important effects on AIT by affecting Th17 cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - L Gan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - H Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Z, Li Z, Chen Y, Nie N, Liu X, Liu J, Shen Y. MLN4924 alleviates autoimmune myocarditis by promoting Act1 degradation and blocking Act1-mediated mRNA stability. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112716. [PMID: 39038386 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to interleukin-17A (IL-17A) can induce autoimmune myocarditis, and MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE), has been reported to effectively suppress various inflammatory reactions. However, the effects of MLN4924 in IL-17A-mediated inflammation associated with autoimmune myocarditis remain uncertain. METHODS An experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model was established and treated with MLN4924. The inflammation degree of heart tissues was assessed histopathologically. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured using ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. Additionally, the interaction of biomacromolecules was detected through co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). RESULTS MLN4924 could attenuate IL-17A-induced inflammation. In the in vivo studies, MLN4924 treatment improved inflammatory responses, diminished immune cell infiltration and tissue fibrosis, and reduced the secretion of various inflammatory cytokines in serum, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. In vitro experiments further corroborated these findings, showing that MLN4924 treatment reduced the secretion and transcription of pro-inflammatory factors, particularly MCP-1. Mechanistically, we confirmed that MLN4924 promoted Act1 ubiquitination degradation and disrupted Act1's interaction with IL-17R, thereby impeding the formation of the IL-17R/Act1/TRAF6 complex and subsequent activation of TAK1, c-Jun, and p65. Moreover, MLN4924 interfered with Act1's binding to mRNA, resulting in mRNA instability. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MLN4924 effectively alleviated inflammatory symptoms in EAM by disrupting the interaction between IL and 17R and Act1, thereby reducing Act1-mediated mRNA stability and resulting in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuli Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Na Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiner Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Early depletion of gut microbiota shape oligodendrocyte response after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:171. [PMID: 39010082 PMCID: PMC11251111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the regulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression, and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Shumilov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Allen Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Marta Celorrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8028, 3rd Fl MPRB 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Garton T, Gadani SP, Gill AJ, Calabresi PA. Neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00372-6. [PMID: 38889714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is an immune-initiated neurodegenerative condition that lacks effective therapies. Although peripheral immune infiltration is a hallmark of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), PMS is associated with chronic, tissue-restricted inflammation and disease-associated reactive glial states. The effector functions of disease-associated microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells are beginning to be defined, and recent studies have made significant progress in uncovering their pathologic implications. In this review, we discuss the immune-glia interactions that underlie demyelination, failed remyelination, and neurodegeneration with a focus on PMS. We highlight the common and divergent immune mechanisms by which glial cells acquire disease-associated phenotypes. Finally, we discuss recent advances that have revealed promising novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PMS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sachin P Gadani
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Gill
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Beiter RM, Raghavan TP, Suchocki O, Ennerfelt HE, Rivet-Noor CR, Merchak AR, Phillips JL, Bathe T, Lukens JR, Prokop S, Dupree JL, Gaultier A. Oligomeric amyloid beta prevents myelination in a clusterin-dependent manner. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4415143. [PMID: 38853911 PMCID: PMC11160922 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4415143/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background White matter loss is a well-documented phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients that has been recognized for decades. However, the underlying reasons for the failure of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to repair myelin deficits in these patients remain elusive. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Clusterin has been identified as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and linked to a decrease in white matter integrity in healthy adults, but its specific role in oligodendrocyte function and myelin maintenance in Alzheimer's disease pathology remains unclear. Methods To investigate the impact of Clusterin on OPCs in the context of Alzheimer's disease, we employed a combination of immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques, primary culture of OPCs, and an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Results Our findings demonstrate that Clusterin, a risk factor for late-onset AD, is produced by OPCs and inhibits their differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Specifically, we observed upregulation of Clusterin in OPCs in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. We also found that the phagocytosis of debris, including amyloid beta (Aβ), myelin, and apoptotic cells leads to the upregulation of Clusterin in OPCs. In vivo experiments confirmed that Aβ oligomers stimulate Clusterin upregulation and that OPCs are capable of phagocytosing Aβ. Furthermore, we discovered that Clusterin significantly inhibits OPC differentiation and hinders the production of myelin proteins. Finally, we demonstrate that Clusterin inhibits OPC differentiation by reducing the production of IL-9 by OPCs. Conclusion Our data suggest that Clusterin may play a key role in the impaired myelin repair observed in AD and could serve as a promising therapeutic target for addressing AD-associated cognitive decline.
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Gut Microbiota Shape Oligodendrocyte Response after Traumatic Brain Injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4289147. [PMID: 38746334 PMCID: PMC11092821 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4289147/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the modulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Ni
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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8
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Wang J, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang X. Th17 Cells and IL-17A in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2411-2429. [PMID: 37884768 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurological injury and repair mechanisms after ischemic stroke are complex. The inflammatory response is present throughout stroke onset and functional recovery, in which CD4 + T helper(Th) cells play a non-negligible role. Th17 cells, differentiated from CD4 + Th cells, are regulated by various extracellular signals, transcription factors, RNA, and post-translational modifications. Th17 cells specifically produce interleukin-17A(IL-17A), which has been reported to have pro-inflammatory effects in many studies. Recently, experimental researches showed that Th17 cells and IL-17A play an important role in promoting stroke pathogenesis (atherosclerosis), inducing secondary damage after stroke, and regulating post-stroke repair. This makes Th17 and IL-17A a possible target for the treatment of stroke. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of Th17 cells and IL-17A in ischemic stroke and the progress of research on targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxiao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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9
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Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Normal and Pathologic Conditions? Neurology 2023; 101:958-965. [PMID: 37985182 PMCID: PMC10663025 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
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10
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Lin Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Dou Y, Wang J, Qi R, Ma L. LY294002 ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation in mice via blocking the Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:114-124. [PMID: 36840628 PMCID: PMC10324552 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(IL)-17A, the effective factor of Th17 cells, acts an important pathological role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Notch1/hairy and split 1 (Hes1) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are interpenetrated and involved in Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A production. In this present study, we used imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse psoriatic skin inflammation to explore the possible mechanism of Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop in psoriasis by employing AKT inhibitor LY294002 as an intervention with the methods of flow cytometry analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. First, LY294002 inhibition can obviously alleviate the mouse psoriatic skin inflammation both in skin structural and histopathological characteristics, which is similar to the changes found in IL-17A antibody-treated mice. Additionally, the interaction between Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activator 1 (Act1) was demonstrated. LY294002 interruption resulted in consistent changes in expression levels of key signaling molecules both in Notch1/Hes1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, chloroquine (CQ) can partly reverse the inhibitory effects of LY294002 on the Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop by affecting Notch1 ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. The present study showed that LY294002 can exert the inhibitory effect on Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop to regulate Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A function in the process of psoriasis, which provides a new possible therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
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Klotz L, Antel J, Kuhlmann T. Inflammation in multiple sclerosis: consequences for remyelination and disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:305-320. [PMID: 37059811 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments available to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment of the progressive phase of the disease has not yet been achieved. This lack of successful treatment approaches is caused by our poor understanding of the mechanisms driving disease progression. Emerging concepts suggest that a combination of persisting focal and diffuse inflammation within the CNS and a gradual failure of compensatory mechanisms, including remyelination, result in disease progression. Therefore, promotion of remyelination presents a promising intervention approach. However, despite our increasing knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating remyelination in animal models, therapeutic increases in remyelination remain an unmet need in MS, which suggests that mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure differ fundamentally between humans and demyelinating animal models. New and emerging technologies now allow us to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination failure in human tissue samples in an unprecedented way. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge regarding mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure in MS and in animal models of the disease, identify open questions, challenge existing concepts, and discuss strategies to overcome the translational roadblock in the field of remyelination-promoting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jack Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Li W, Berlinicke C, Huang Y, Giera S, McGrath AG, Fang W, Chen C, Takaesu F, Chang X, Duan Y, Kumar D, Chang C, Mao HQ, Sheng G, Dodge JC, Ji H, Madden S, Zack DJ, Chamling X. High-throughput screening for myelination promoting compounds using human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:106156. [PMID: 36852281 PMCID: PMC9958491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting myelination capacity of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is a promising therapeutic approach for CNS demyelinating disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To aid in the discovery of myelination-promoting compounds, we generated a genome-engineered human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line that consists of three reporters: identification-and-purification tag, GFP, and secreted-NanoLuc, driven by the endogenous PDGFRA, PLP1, and MBP genes, respectively. Using this cell line, we established a high-throughput drug screening platform and performed a small-molecule screen, which identified at least two myelination-promoting small-molecule (Ro1138452 and SR2211) that target prostacyclin (IP) receptor and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ), respectively. Single-cell-transcriptomic analysis of differentiating OPCs treated with these molecules further confirmed that they promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and revealed several pathways that are potentially modulated by them. The molecules and their target pathways provide promising targets for the possible development of remyelination-based therapy for MS and other demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yinyin Huang
- Sanofi Inc., Translational Science, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Stefanie Giera
- Sanofi Inc., Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Anna G. McGrath
- Sanofi Inc., Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Weixiang Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Felipe Takaesu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yukan Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sanofi Inc., Translational Science, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Calvin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guoqing Sheng
- Sanofi Inc., Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - James C. Dodge
- Sanofi Inc., Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen Madden
- Sanofi Inc., Translational Science, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xitiz Chamling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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14
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He Y, Li Z, Shi X, Ding J, Wang X. Roles of NG2 Glia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:519-530. [PMID: 36401147 PMCID: PMC10043141 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most prevalent pathologic processes affecting 5% of people over 50 years of age and contributing to 45% of dementia cases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the pathological roles of chronic hypoperfusion, impaired cerebral vascular reactivity, and leakage of the blood-brain barrier in CSVD. However, the pathogenesis of CSVD remains elusive thus far, and no radical treatment has been developed. NG2 glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, are the fourth type of glial cell in addition to astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the mammalian central nervous system. Many novel functions for NG2 glia in physiological and pathological states have recently been revealed. In this review, we discuss the role of NG2 glia in CSVD and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, NMU, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Cashion JM, Young KM, Sutherland BA. How does neurovascular unit dysfunction contribute to multiple sclerosis? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106028. [PMID: 36736923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Multiple sclerosis clinical care has improved considerably due to the development of disease-modifying therapies that effectively modulate the peripheral immune response and reduce relapse frequency. However, current treatments do not prevent neurodegeneration and disease progression, and efforts to prevent multiple sclerosis will be hampered so long as the cause of this disease remains unknown. Risk factors for multiple sclerosis development or severity include vitamin D deficiency, cigarette smoking and youth obesity, which also impact vascular health. People with multiple sclerosis frequently experience blood-brain barrier breakdown, microbleeds, reduced cerebral blood flow and diminished neurovascular reactivity, and it is possible that these vascular pathologies are tied to multiple sclerosis development. The neurovascular unit is a cellular network that controls neuroinflammation, maintains blood-brain barrier integrity, and tightly regulates cerebral blood flow, matching energy supply to neuronal demand. The neurovascular unit is composed of vessel-associated cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes, however neuronal and other glial cell types also comprise the neurovascular niche. Recent single-cell transcriptomics data, indicate that neurovascular cells, particular cells of the microvasculature, are compromised within multiple sclerosis lesions. Large-scale genetic and small-scale cell biology studies also suggest that neurovascular dysfunction could be a primary pathology contributing to multiple sclerosis development. Herein we revisit multiple sclerosis risk factors and multiple sclerosis pathophysiology and highlight the known and potential roles of neurovascular unit dysfunction in multiple sclerosis development and disease progression. We also evaluate the suitability of the neurovascular unit as a potential target for future disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Cashion
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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16
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Xiao K, Zhao F, Xie W, Ding J, Gong X, OuYang C, Le AP. Mechanism of TLR4 mediated immune effect in transfusion-induced acute lung injury based on Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103500. [PMID: 35853810 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the infusion of blood or blood system. OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of TLR4-mediated T cell immune effect in TRALI. METHODS In this animal study, a mouse model of LPS-induced TRALI was established. Sixty adult C57/BL6 mice (wild-type, WT) were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) normal WT type, 2) LPS control group of WT type lipopolysaccharide, 3) WT type TRALI group (LPS + MHC-I mAb), 4) (TLR4 antibody) lipopolysaccharide LPS control group, 5) (TLR4 antibody) TRALI group (LPS + MHC-I mAb). Mice were injected with LPS (0.1 mg/kg) and MHC-I mAb (2 mg/kg) into the tail vein. H&E staining was performed to detect pathological features. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the level of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue homogenate supernatant were measured. Blood, spleen single-cell suspension, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to detect the ratio of Treg and Th17 cells by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and WB were used to detect mRNA or protein expression. RESULTS TLR4 mAb treatment alleviated the pathogenesis of LPS-induced TRALI in vivo, the MPO activity, and the level of proinflammatory factors in lung tissues. TLR4 exerted its function by changing of Treg/Th17 ratio via the SLIT2/ROBO4 signaling pathway and downregulating CDH5 and SETSIP. CONCLUSION TLR4 mediates immune response in the LPS-induced TRALI model through the SLIT2/ROBO4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - WenJie Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - XiaoAn Gong
- Department of Urology, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng 331100, China
| | - ChenSi OuYang
- Department of Urology, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Ai Ping Le
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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17
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IL-17/Notch1/STAT3 Pathway Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Rats: Amelioration by Thymol Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111412. [PMID: 36422542 PMCID: PMC9693479 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug with intestinal mucositis (IM) as a deleterious side effect. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol which has been reported to possess an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity versus 5-FU-induced IM. The Notch pathway affects multiple cellular activities, such as cellular proliferation, in addition to inflammatory responses modulation. Accordingly, this work was carried out in order to elucidate the role of the Notch pathway in 5-FU-induced IM and to further elucidate the immunomodulatory protective mechanisms of thymol. Experimental rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control, 5-FU, 5-FU+thymol (60 mg/kg/day), and 5-FU+thymol (120 mg/kg/day). 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg on days 6 and 7, while thymol was orally administered daily for 11 days. By the end of the study, intestinal tissues were collected for the determination of IL-17, CD4, CD8, Notch1, Hes-1, pSTAT3, and STAT-3 protein expressions. The effect of thymol on 5-FU cytotoxicity was also examined using WST1 assay. 5-FU induced a marked increase in IL-17 levels, along with a marked downregulation of CD4 and the upregulation of CD8, Notch1, Hes-1 protein expressions, and activation of STAT3 in the intestinal tissue when compared with the control group. Thymol ameliorated the changes that occurred in these parameters. Additionally, cytotoxicity testing revealed that thymol augmented the antiproliferative action of 5-FU against breast and colorectal human cancer cell lines. This study was the first to show that the IL-17/Notch1/STAT3 pathway is involved in the molecular mechanism of 5-FU-induced IM, as well as the immunomodulatory activity of thymol.
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18
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Yang L, Chen Y, Liu N, Lu Y, Li X, Ma W, Gan W, Li D. 5mC and H3K9me3 of TRAF3IP2 promoter region accelerates the progression of translocation renal cell carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:54. [PMID: 35897085 PMCID: PMC9331078 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our previous study, we found that lncRNA TRAF3IP2 antisense RNA 1 (TRAF3IP2-AS1) could play a critical role in the progression of NONO-TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma (NONO-TFE3 tRCC). However, the function of TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 interacting protein 2), encoded by the complementary strand of TRAF3IP2-AS1, remains poorly understood in NONO-TFE3 tRCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR were undertaken to study the expression and clinical significance of TRAF3IP2 in Xp11.2 tRCC tissues and cells. The functions of TRAF3IP2 in tRCC were investigated by proliferation analysis, EdU staining, colony and sphere formation assay, Transwell assay, and apoptosis analysis. The regulatory mechanisms among TRAF3IP2, NOTCH1, and TRAF3IP2-AS1 were investigated by luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, western blot, methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation, and CRISPR/dCas9-based system. Results The results showed that TRAF3IP2 was highly expressed in NONO-TFE3 tRCC tissues and cells, and the silence of TRAF3IP2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of UOK109 cells which were derived from cancer tissue of patient with NONO-TFE3 tRCC. Mechanistic studies revealed that TRAF3IP2 functioned as a co-activator of NOTCH1 to activate the NOTCH1 pathway. Meanwhile, HNRNPK, DNMT1 and SETDB1 could be recruited by TRAF3IP2-AS1 to the promoter region of TRAF3IP2, which mediated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5mC) on DNA and trimethylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) at transcriptional level to repress the expression of TRAF3IP2. Conclusions TRAF3IP2 functions as an oncogene in NONO-TFE3 tRCC progression and might serve as a novel target for NONO-TFE3 tRCC therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-022-00402-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical, School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical, School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenliang Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical, School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical, School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Liu W, Fan M, Lu W, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872167. [PMID: 35844577 PMCID: PMC9280647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper (Th) cells, contribute to the adaptive immunity both in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS). At least seven subsets of Th cells along with their signature cytokines have been identified nowadays. Neuroinflammation denotes the brain’s immune response to inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various CNS disorders have been related to the dysregulation of adaptive immunity, especially the process concerning Th cells and their cytokines. However, as the functions of Th cells are being discovered, it’s also found that their roles in different neuroinflammatory conditions, or even the participation of a specific Th subset in one CNS disorder may differ, and sometimes contrast. Based on those recent and contradictory evidence, the conflicting roles of Th cells in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury as well as some typical mental disorders will be reviewed herein. Research progress, limitations and novel approaches concerning different neuroinflammatory conditions will also be mentioned and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
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20
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Regulation of S100As Expression by Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136952. [PMID: 35805957 PMCID: PMC9267105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-binding proteins S100A4, S100A8, and S100A9 are upregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), while the S100A9 promotes NF-κB activity during disease progression. The S100-protein family has been involved in several malignancies as mediators of inflammation and proliferation. The hypothesis of our study is that S100A proteins are mediators in signaling pathways associated with inflammation-induced proliferation, such as NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT. The mononuclear cells (MNCs) of CLL were treated with proinflammatory IL-6, anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines, inhibitors of JAK1/2, NF-κB, and PI3K signaling pathways, to evaluate S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 expression as well as NF-κB activation by qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting. The quantity of S100A4, S100A8, and S100A9 positive cells (p < 0.05) and their protein expression (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased in MNCs of CLL patients compared to healthy controls. The S100A levels were generally increased in CD19+ cells compared to MNCs of CLL. The S100A4 gene expression was significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in MNCs. IL-6 stimulated S100A4 and S100A8 protein expression, prevented by the NF-κB and JAK1/2 inhibitors. In contrast, IL-10 reduced S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 protein expressions in MNCs of CLL. Moreover, IL-10 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling (4-fold, p < 0.05). In conclusion, inflammation stimulated the S100A protein expression mediated via the proliferation-related signaling and balanced by the cytokines in CLL.
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21
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Zveik O, Fainstein N, Rechtman A, Haham N, Ganz T, Lavon I, Brill L, Vaknin‐Dembinsky A. Cerebrospinal fluid of progressive multiple sclerosis patients reduces differentiation and immune functions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1191-1209. [PMID: 35266197 PMCID: PMC9314832 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination is not always successful, and the mechanisms differentiating successful from failed remyelination are not well-known. Growing evidence suggests an immune role for OPCs, in addition to their regenerative role; however, it is not clear if this helps or hinders the regenerative process. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing MS (rMS) and progressive MS (pMS) patients on primary OPC differentiation and immune gene expression and function. We observed that CSF from either rMS or pMS patients has a differential effect on the ability of mice OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and to express immune functions. CSF of pMS patients impaired differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, it led to decreased major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-II expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) activation, and less activation and proliferation of T cells. Our findings suggest that OPCs are not only responsible for remyelination, but they may also play an active role as innate immune cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nitzan Haham
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Iris Lavon
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro‐OncologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Adi Vaknin‐Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
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22
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Lin YW, Li XX, Fu FH, Liu B, Xing X, Qi R, Ma L. Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop regulates Th17 cell differentiation in mouse psoriasis‑like skin inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:223. [PMID: 35582997 PMCID: PMC9175275 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‑17A, the effector cytokine of T helper (Th) 17 cells, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The Notch1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are implicated in Th17 cell differentiation and IL‑17A production. The present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory effect of the Notch1/hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1)‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop on Th17 cell differentiation via the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 in a mouse model of psoriasis. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group, a model group [5% imiquimod (IMQ)‑induced group] and an intervention group (5% IMQ‑induced plus LY294002‑treated group). Skin structural characteristics were recorded and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The weights of the spleens and inguinal lymph nodes were measured. Th17 cell percentage, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), Hes1, PTEN, AKT, phosphorylated (p)‑AKT, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), p‑mTORC1, S6 kinase (S6K)1, S6K2 and IL‑17A were detected in skin samples of the three experimental groups. Additionally, splenic mononuclear cells from model mice were treated by 10 and 50 µM LY294002 to further evaluate its regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop. Increased Th17 cell percentage, increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p‑AKT, mTORC1, p‑mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL‑17A, and decreased PTEN levels were observed in model mice alongside marked psoriasis‑like skin inflammation, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. LY294002 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of psoriasis‑like skin inflammation in the intervention mice, attenuated the degree of epidermal hyperplasia and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigated splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In addition, LY294002 treatment reversed the increased Th17 cell percentage, as well as the increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p‑AKT, mTORC1, p‑mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL‑17A, and the decreased expression of PTEN. In vitro study from 5% IMQ‑induced mouse splenic mononuclear cells presented that high dose of LY294002 exerted more obviously regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop. The current findings suggested that the Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop regulates Th17 cell differentiation within the disease environment of psoriasis. Blocking the Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop may thus be a potential therapeutic method for management of psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Hui Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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A Mechanistic Insight into the Pathogenic Role of Interleukin 17A in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6600264. [PMID: 35620115 PMCID: PMC9129985 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) has been put forward as a strong ally in our fight against invading pathogens across exposed epithelial surfaces by serving an antimicrobial immunosurveillance role in these tissues to protect the barrier integrity. Amongst other mechanisms that prevent tissue injury mediated by potential microbial threats and promote restoration of epithelial homeostasis, IL-17A attracts effector cells to the site of inflammation and support the host response by driving the development of ectopic lymphoid structures. Accumulating evidence now underscores an integral role of IL-17A in driving the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations in three potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. Available studies provide convincing evidence that the abundance of IL-17A in target tissues and its prime source, which is T helper 17 cells (Th17) and double negative T cells (DNT), is not an innocent bystander but in fact seems to be prerequisite for organ pathology. In this regard, IL-17A has been directly implicated in critical steps of autoimmunity. This review reports on the synergistic interactions of IL-17A with other critical determinants such as B cells, neutrophils, stromal cells, and the vasculature that promote the characteristic immunopathology of these autoimmune diseases. The summary of observations provided by this review may have empowering implications for IL-17A-based strategies to prevent clinical manifestations in a broad spectrum of autoimmune conditions.
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Minocycline Alleviates White Matter Injury following Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation via Notch1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3435267. [PMID: 35571238 PMCID: PMC9098346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3435267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major reason for white matter injury (WMI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Apart from microglia/macrophage activation, T cells also play an important role in regulating immune responses after ICH. In a previous study, we have revealed the role of minocycline in modulating microglia/macrophage activation after ICH. However, the exact mechanisms of minocycline in regulating T cells differentiation after ICH are still not well understood. Hence, this study explored the relationship between minocycline and CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Piglet ICH model was used to investigate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and T cells signal gene activation after ICH with immunofluorescence and whole transcriptome sequencing. Naive CD4+ T cells and primary oligodendrocyte coculture model were established to explore the effect and mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Flow cytometry was used to indicate CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. The mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation was demonstrated with immunofluorescence and western blot. Double immunostaining of representative CD4+ T cell marker CD3 and different subtype CD4+ T cell assisted proteins (IL17, IL4, Foxp3, and IFNγ) demonstrated naive CD4+ T cell differentiation in piglet after ICH. Whole transcriptome sequencing for perihematomal white matter sorted from piglet brains indicated T cell signal gene activation after ICH. The results of luxol fast blue staining, immunofluorescent staining, and electron microscopy showed that minocycline alleviated white matter injury after ICH in piglets. For our in vitro model, minocycline reduced oligodendrocyte injury and neuroinflammation by regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Moreover, minocycline increased the expression of NOTCH1, ACT1, RBP-J, and NICD1 in cultured CD4+ T cell when stimulated with hemoglobin. Hence, minocycline treatment could modulate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and attenuate white matter injury via regulating Notch1 signaling pathway after ICH.
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25
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Versican promotes T helper 17 cytotoxic inflammation and impedes oligodendrocyte precursor cell remyelination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2445. [PMID: 35508608 PMCID: PMC9068758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis (MS) contributes to progression of disability. The deficient repair results from neuroinflammation and deposition of inhibitors including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Which CSPG member is repair-inhibitory or alters local inflammation to exacerbate injury is unknown. Here, we correlate high versican-V1 expression in MS lesions with deficient premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and highlight its selective upregulation amongst CSPG members in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions modeling MS. In culture, purified versican-V1 inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and promotes T helper 17 (Th17) polarization. Versican-V1-exposed Th17 cells are particularly toxic to OPCs. In NG2CreER:MAPTmGFP mice illuminating newly formed GFP+ oligodendrocytes/myelin, difluorosamine (peracetylated,4,4-difluoro-N-acetylglucosamine) treatment from peak EAE reduces lesional versican-V1 and Th17 frequency, while enhancing GFP+ profiles. We suggest that lesion-elevated versican-V1 directly impedes OPCs while it indirectly inhibits remyelination through elevating local Th17 cytotoxic neuroinflammation. We propose CSPG-lowering drugs as potential dual pronged repair and immunomodulatory therapeutics for MS. Ghorbani and colleagues describe versican-V1 as an inhibitor of remyelination using transgenic mice that illuminate new GFP + oligodendrocytes. Mechanisms of versican-V1 include the direct inhibition of oligodendrocytes, and elevating Th17 cells.
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26
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van Bruggen D, Pohl F, Langseth CM, Kukanja P, Lee H, Albiach AM, Kabbe M, Meijer M, Linnarsson S, Hilscher MM, Nilsson M, Sundström E, Castelo-Branco G. Developmental landscape of human forebrain at a single-cell level identifies early waves of oligodendrogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1421-1436.e5. [PMID: 35523173 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrogenesis in the human central nervous system has been observed mainly at the second trimester of gestation, a much later developmental stage compared to oligodendrogenesis in mice. Here, we characterize the transcriptomic neural diversity in the human forebrain at post-conception weeks (PCW) 8-10. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we find evidence of the emergence of a first wave of oligodendrocyte lineage cells as early as PCW 8, which we also confirm at the epigenomic level through the use of single-cell ATAC-seq. Using regulatory network inference, we predict key transcriptional events leading to the specification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Moreover, by profiling the spatial expression of 50 key genes through the use of in situ sequencing (ISS), we identify regions in the human ventral fetal forebrain where oligodendrogenesis first occurs. Our results indicate evolutionary conservation of the first wave of oligodendrogenesis between mice and humans and describe regulatory mechanisms involved in human OPC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David van Bruggen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Pohl
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Petra Kukanja
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hower Lee
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Mossi Albiach
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mukund Kabbe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Cathomas F, Holt LM, Parise EM, Liu J, Murrough JW, Casaccia P, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ. Beyond the neuron: Role of non-neuronal cells in stress disorders. Neuron 2022; 110:1116-1138. [PMID: 35182484 PMCID: PMC8989648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stress disorders are leading causes of disease burden in the U.S. and worldwide, yet available therapies are fully effective in less than half of all individuals with these disorders. Although to date, much of the focus has been on neuron-intrinsic mechanisms, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress can affect a wide range of cell types in the brain and periphery, which are linked to maladaptive behavioral outcomes. Here, we synthesize emerging literature and discuss mechanisms of how non-neuronal cells in limbic regions of brain interface at synapses, the neurovascular unit, and other sites of intercellular communication to mediate the deleterious, or adaptive (i.e., pro-resilient), effects of chronic stress in rodent models and in human stress-related disorders. We believe that such an approach may one day allow us to adopt a holistic "whole body" approach to stress disorder research, which could lead to more precise diagnostic tests and personalized treatment strategies. Stress is a major risk factor for many psychiatric disorders. Cathomas et al. review new insight into how non-neuronal cells mediate the deleterious effects, as well as the adaptive, protective effects, of stress in rodent models and human stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Cathomas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne M Holt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Parise
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Program in Biology and Biochemistry at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - James W Murrough
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Program in Biology and Biochemistry at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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IL-17A promotes Psoriasis-associated Keratinocyte Proliferation via ACT1-depedent Activation of YAP-AREG Axis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2343-2352. [PMID: 35304250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a recurrent inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal hyperplasia which is primarily driven by interleukin (IL)-17A. The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway plays a vital role in cell survival and tissue growth, and its target gene, AREG, has been reported to promote the development of psoriasis. However, whether IL-17A promotes keratinocyte proliferation via regulating Hippo-YAP signaling has not been explored. Here, we show that the YAP-AREG pathway is activated in human psoriatic skin and is suppressed by IL-17A antagonist secukinumab and that IMQ and IL-17A administration activates the YAP-AREG axis in mice epidermis. In vitro studies using HaCaT and NHEK cells suggest that IL-17A enhances AREG expression and keratinocyte proliferation by activating Hippo-YAP signaling. Mechanistically, IL-17A stimulates the recruitment of MST1 to ACT1 in keratinocytes, which leads to reduced MST1-LATS1 interaction and YAP dephosphorylation. Together, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism in which IL-17A promotes keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis, namely through activating YAP-AREG signaling.
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29
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Gomes AKS, Dantas RM, Yokota BY, Silva ALTE, Griesi-Oliveira K, Passos-Bueno MR, Sertié AL. Interleukin-17a Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors From Autistic and Control Subjects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:828646. [PMID: 35360153 PMCID: PMC8964130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.828646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been suggested to increase the probability of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent evidence from animal studies indicates a key role for interleukin-17a (IL-17a) in promoting MIA-induced behavioral and brain abnormalities reminiscent of ASD. However, it is still unclear how IL-17a acts on the human developing brain and the cell types directly affected by IL-17a signaling. In this study, we used iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from individuals with ASD of known and unknown genetic cause as well as from neurotypical controls to examine the effects of exogenous IL-17a on NPC proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation, and whether IL-17a and genetic risk factors for ASD interact exacerbating alterations in NPC function. We observed that ASD and control NPCs endogenously express IL-17a receptor (IL17RA), and that IL-17a/IL17RA activation modulates downstream ERK1/2 and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Exogenous IL-17a did not induce abnormal proliferation and migration of ASD and control NPCs but, on the other hand, it significantly increased the expression of synaptic (Synaptophysin-1, Synapsin-1) and neuronal polarity (MAP2) proteins in these cells. Also, as we observed that ASD and control NPCs exhibited similar responses to exogenous IL-17a, it is possible that a more inflammatory environment containing other immune molecules besides IL-17a may be needed to trigger gene-environment interactions during neurodevelopment. In conclusion, our results suggest that exogenous IL-17a positively regulates the neuronal differentiation of human NPCs, which may disturb normal neuronal and synaptic development and contribute to MIA-related changes in brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Yukio Yokota
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Laurato Sertié
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Andréa Laurato Sertié,
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30
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Wu WC, Tian J, Xiao D, Guo YX, Xiao Y, Wu XY, Casella G, Rasouli J, Yan YP, Rostami A, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Engineered extracellular vesicles encapsulated Bryostatin-1 as therapy for neuroinflammation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2393-2410. [PMID: 35088795 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeted and effective drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) lesions is a major challenge in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great promise as a drug delivery nanosystem given their unique characteristics, including a strong cargo-loading capacity, low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, inherent stability, high delivery efficiency, ease of manipulation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Clinical applications are, however, limited by their insufficient targeting capability and "dilution effects" upon systemic administration. Neural stem cells (NSCs) provide an abundant source of EVs because of their remarkable capacity for self-renewal. Here, we developed a novel therapeutic strategy for local delivery and treatment using EVPs, which are derived from NSCs with the expression of the CNS lesion targeting ligand-PDGFRα. Furthermore, we used EVPs as a targeting carrier for encapsulating Bryostatin-1 (Bryo-1), a natural compound with remarkable anti-inflammation ability. Our data showed that Bryo-1 delivered by EVPs was more stable and concentrated in the CNS than native Bryo-1. Systemic injection of a low dosage (1 × 108 particles) of EVPs + Bryo-1, versus only EVPs or Bryo-1 administration, significantly ameliorated clinical disease development, decreased the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, blocked myelin loss and astrogliosis, protected BBB integrity, and altered microglia pro-inflammatory phenotype in the CNS of EAE mice. Taken as a whole, our study showed that engineered EVs have a CNS targeting capacity, and it provides potentially powerful therapeutic effects for the treatment of various neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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31
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Clark KC, Wang D, Kumar P, Mor S, Kulubya E, Lazar S, Wang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101099. [PMID: 35023637 PMCID: PMC9225676 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates "fetomaternal" tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC-EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC-EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
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32
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Tan J, Li Z, Liu L, Liu H, Xue J. IL‐17 in intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:535-547. [PMID: 35066966 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hua Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyangHunan421001China
| | - Ze‐Peng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyangHunan421001China
| | - Lu‐Lu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyangHunan421001China
| | - Hao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyangHunan421001China
| | - Jing‐Bo Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South ChinaHengyangHunan421001China
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The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4400428. [PMID: 34938813 PMCID: PMC8687821 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4400428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the protective effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reveal its potential intestinal microflora-dependent mechanism through analyses of the intestinal microbiota and spinal cord transcriptome in mice. Method We measured the severity of disease by clinical EAE scores and H&E staining. Gut microbiota alteration in the gut and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spinal cord were analyzed through 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing. Finally, we analyzed associations between the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota constituents and DEGs. Results We observed that clinical EAE scores were lower in the EAE+FMT group than in the EAE group. Meanwhile, mice in the EAE+FMT group also had a lower number of infiltrating cells. The results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that FMT increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria. Meanwhile, FMT could modulate gut microbiota balance, especially via increasing the relative abundance of g_Adlercreutzia, g_Sutterella, g_Prevotella_9, and g_Tyzzerella_3 and decreasing the relative abundance of g_Turicibacter. Next, we analyzed the transcriptome of mouse spinal cord tissue and found that 1476 genes were differentially expressed between the EAE and FMT groups. The analysis of these genes showed that FMT mainly participated in the inflammatory response. Correlation analysis between gut microbes and transcriptome revealed that the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia was correlated with the expression of inflammation-related genes negatively, including Casp6, IL1RL2 (IL-36R), IL-17RA, TNF, CCL3, CCR5, and CCL8, and correlated with the expression of neuroprotection-related genes positively, including Snap25, Edil3, Nrn1, Cpeb3, and Gpr37. Conclusion Altogether, FMT may selectively regulate gene expression to improve inflammation and maintain the stability of the intestinal environment in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
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Regenerative Effects of CDP-Choline: A Dose-Dependent Study in the Toxic Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111156. [PMID: 34832936 PMCID: PMC8623145 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory attacks and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are the key factors responsible for the damage of neurons in multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination is the natural regenerating process after demyelination that also provides neuroprotection but is often incomplete or fails in MS. Currently available therapeutics are affecting the immune system, but there is no substance that might enhance remyelination. Cytidine-S-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline), a precursor of the biomembrane component phospholipid phosphatidylcholine was shown to improve remyelination in two animal models of demyelination. However, the doses used in previous animal studies were high (500 mg/kg), and it is not clear if lower doses, which could be applied in human trials, might exert the same beneficial effect on remyelination. The aim of this study was to confirm previous results and to determine the potential regenerative effects of lower doses of CDP-choline (100 and 50 mg/kg). The effects of CDP-choline were investigated in the toxic cuprizone-induced mouse model of de- and remyelination. We found that even low doses of CDP-choline effectively enhanced early remyelination. The beneficial effects on myelin regeneration were accompanied by higher numbers of oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, CDP-choline could become a promising regenerative substance for patients with multiple sclerosis and should be tested in a clinical trial.
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Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a common disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Proinflammatory events during IA pathogenesis are well studied; however, loss of protective immunity remains underexplored. Earlier, we reported that 14-3-3zeta (ζ) has a role in T-cell polarization and interleukin (IL)-17A signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ knockout (KO) rats develop early-onset severe arthritis in two independent models of IA, pristane-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritic 14-3-3ζ KO animals showed an increase in bone loss and immune cell infiltration in synovial joints. Induction of arthritis coincided with the loss of anti-14-3-3ζ antibodies; however, rescue experiments to supplement the 14-3-3ζ antibody by passive immunization did not suppress arthritis. Instead, 14-3-3ζ immunization during the presymptomatic phase resulted in significant suppression of arthritis in both wild-type and 14-3-3ζ KO animals. Mechanistically, 14-3-3ζ KO rats exhibited elevated inflammatory gene signatures at the messenger RNA and protein levels, particularly for IL-1β. Furthermore, the immunization with recombinant 14-3-3ζ protein suppressed IL-1β levels, significantly increased anti-14-3-3ζ antibody levels and collagen production, and preserved bone quality. The 14-3-3ζ protein increased collagen expression in primary rat mesenchymal cells. Together, our findings indicate that 14-3-3ζ causes immune suppression and extracellular remodeling, which lead to a previously unrecognized IA-suppressive function.
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36
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Ghorbani S, Yong VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 144:1958-1973. [PMID: 33889940 PMCID: PMC8370400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination failure contributes to axonal loss and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. The failed repair process could be due to ongoing toxic neuroinflammation and to an inhibitory lesion microenvironment that prevents recruitment and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. The extracellular matrix molecules deposited into lesions provide both an altered microenvironment that inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and a fuel that exacerbates inflammatory responses within lesions. In this review, we discuss the extracellular matrix and where its molecules are normally distributed in an uninjured adult brain, specifically at the basement membranes of cerebral vessels, in perineuronal nets that surround the soma of certain populations of neurons, and in interstitial matrix between neural cells. We then highlight the deposition of different extracellular matrix members in multiple sclerosis lesions, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, collagens, laminins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin and others. We consider reasons behind changes in extracellular matrix components in multiple sclerosis lesions, mainly due to deposition by cells such as reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. We next discuss the consequences of an altered extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions. Besides impairing oligodendrocyte recruitment, many of the extracellular matrix components elevated in multiple sclerosis lesions are pro-inflammatory and they enhance inflammatory processes through several mechanisms. However, molecules such as thrombospondin-1 may counter inflammatory processes, and laminins appear to favour repair. Overall, we emphasize the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix, immune responses and remyelination in modulating lesions for recovery or worsening. Finally, we review potential therapeutic approaches to target extracellular matrix components to reduce detrimental neuroinflammation and to promote recruitment and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells to enhance remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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37
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Desu HL, Illiano P, Choi JS, Ascona MC, Gao H, Lee JK, Brambilla R. TNFR2 Signaling Regulates the Immunomodulatory Function of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1785. [PMID: 34359956 PMCID: PMC8306473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, CNS demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. Chronic MS patients exhibit impaired remyelination capacity, partly due to the changes that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo in response to the MS lesion environment. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is present in the MS-affected CNS and has been implicated in disease pathophysiology. Of the two active forms of TNF, transmembrane (tmTNF) and soluble (solTNF), tmTNF signals via TNFR2 mediating protective and reparative effects, including remyelination, whereas solTNF signals predominantly via TNFR1 promoting neurotoxicity. To better understand the mechanisms underlying repair failure in MS, we investigated the cellular responses of OPCs to inflammatory exposure and the specific role of TNFR2 signaling in their modulation. Following treatment of cultured OPCs with IFNγ, IL1β, and TNF, we observed, by RNA sequencing, marked inflammatory and immune activation of OPCs, accompanied by metabolic changes and dysregulation of their proliferation and differentiation programming. We also established the high likelihood of cell-cell interaction between OPCs and microglia in neuroinflammatory conditions, with OPCs able to produce chemokines that can recruit and activate microglia. Importantly, we showed that these functions are exacerbated when TNFR2 is ablated. Together, our data indicate that neuroinflammation leads OPCs to shift towards an immunomodulatory phenotype while diminishing their capacity to proliferate and differentiate, thus impairing their repair function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TNFR2 plays a key role in this process, suggesting that boosting TNFR2 activation or its downstream signals could be an effective strategy to restore OPC reparative capacity in demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha L. Desu
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - James S. Choi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Maureen C. Ascona
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Han Gao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jae K. Lee
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.L.D.); (P.I.); (J.S.C.); (M.C.A.); (H.G.); (J.K.L.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, and BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Pan Y, Tian D, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang S, Xie D, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Inhibition of Perforin-Mediated Neurotoxicity Attenuates Neurological Deficits After Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:664312. [PMID: 34262436 PMCID: PMC8274971 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.664312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity plays a crucial role in microbial defense, tumor surveillance, and primary autoimmune disorders. However, the contribution of the cytolytic protein perforin to ischemia-induced secondary tissue damage in the brain has not been fully investigated. Here, we examined the kinetics and subpopulations of perforin-positive cells and then evaluated the direct effects of perforin-mediated cytotoxicity on outcomes after ischemic stroke. Using flow cytometry, we showed that perforin+CD45+ immune cells could be detected at 12 h and that the percentage of these cells increased largely until on day 3 and then significantly declined on day 7. Surprisingly, the percentage of Perforin+CD45+ cells also unexpectedly increased from day 7 to day 14 after ischemic stroke in Perforin1-EGFP transgenic mice. Our results suggested that Perforin+CD45+ cells play vital roles in the ischemic brain at early and late stages and further suggested that Perforin+CD45+ cells are a heterogeneous population. Surprisingly, in addition to CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells, central nervous system (CNS)-resident immune microglia, which are first triggered and activated within minutes after ischemic stroke in mice, also secreted perforin during ischemic brain injury. In our study, the percentage of perforin+ microglia increased from 12 h after ischemic stroke, increased largely until on day 3 after ischemic stroke, and then moderately declined from days 3 to 7. Intriguingly, the percentage of perforin+ microglia also dramatically increased from days 7 to 14 after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, compared with wild-type littermates, Perforin 1-/- mice exhibited significant increases in the cerebral infarct volume, neurological deficits, and neurogenesis and inhibition of neurotoxic astrogliosis. Interestingly, the number of CD45+CD3+ T cells was significantly decreased in Perforin 1-/- mice compared with their wild-type littermates, especially the number of γδ T cells. In addition, Perforin 1-/- mice had lower levels of IL-17 than their wild-type littermates. Our results identified a critical function of perforin-mediated neurotoxicity in the ischemic brain, suggesting that targeting perforin-mediated neurotoxicity in brain-resident microglia and invading perforin+CD45+ immune cells may be a potential strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhualei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushang Zhao
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Yang X, Yang J, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Xiong H, Xu Y. IL-17 Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Increasing K + Channel Kv1.3. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:679413. [PMID: 34239419 PMCID: PMC8258110 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.679413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a signature cytokine of Th17 cells. IL-17 level is significantly increased in inflammatory conditions of the CNS, including but not limited to post-stroke and multiple sclerosis. IL-17 has been detected direct toxicity on oligodendrocyte (Ol) lineage cells and inhibition on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, and thus promotes myelin damage. The cellular mechanism of IL-17 in CNS inflammatory diseases remains obscure. Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel 1.3 is the predominant Kv channel in Ol and potentially involved in Ol function and cell cycle regulation. Kv1.3 of T cells involves in immunomodulation of inflammatory progression, but the role of Ol Kv1.3 in inflammation-related pathogenesis has not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that IL-17 induces myelin injury through Kv1.3 activation. To test the hypothesis, we studied the involvement of OPC/Ol Kv1.3 in IL-17-induced Ol/myelin injury in vitro and in vivo. Kv1.3 currents and channel expression gradually decreased during the OPC development. Application of IL-17 to OPC culture increased Kv1.3 expression, leading to a decrease of AKT activation, inhibition of proliferation and myelin basic protein reduction, which were prevented by a specific Kv1.3 blocker 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy) psoralen. IL-17-caused myelin injury was validated in LPC-induced demyelination mouse model, particularly in corpus callosum, which was also mitigated by aforementioned Kv1.3 antagonist. IL-17 altered Kv1.3 expression and resultant inhibitory effects on OPC proliferation and differentiation may by interrupting AKT phosphorylating activation. Taken together, our results suggested that IL-17 impairs remyelination and promotes myelin damage by Kv1.3-mediated Ol/myelin injury. Thus, blockade of Kv1.3 as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory CNS disease may partially attribute to the direct protection on OPC proliferation and differentiation other than immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueke Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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40
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Matejuk A, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Cross-Talk of the CNS With Immune Cells and Functions in Health and Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:672455. [PMID: 34135852 PMCID: PMC8200536 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.672455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system's role is much more than merely recognizing self vs. non-self and involves maintaining homeostasis and integrity of the organism starting from early development to ensure proper organ function later in life. Unlike other systems, the central nervous system (CNS) is separated from the peripheral immune machinery that, for decades, has been envisioned almost entirely as detrimental to the nervous system. New research changes this view and shows that blood-borne immune cells (both adaptive and innate) can provide homeostatic support to the CNS via neuroimmune communication. Neurodegeneration is mostly viewed through the lens of the resident brain immune populations with little attention to peripheral circulation. For example, cognition declines with impairment of peripheral adaptive immunity but not with the removal of microglia. Therapeutic failures of agents targeting the neuroinflammation framework (inhibiting immune response), especially in neurodegenerative disorders, call for a reconsideration of immune response contributions. It is crucial to understand cross-talk between the CNS and the immune system in health and disease to decipher neurodestructive and neuroprotective immune mechanisms for more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Matejuk
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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41
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Active Akt signaling triggers CLL toward Richter transformation via overactivation of Notch1. Blood 2021; 137:646-660. [PMID: 33538798 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Richter's transformation (RT) is an aggressive lymphoma that occurs upon progression from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Transformation has been associated with genetic aberrations in the CLL phase involving TP53, CDKN2A, MYC, and NOTCH1; however, a significant proportion of RT cases lack CLL phase-associated events. Here, we report that high levels of AKT phosphorylation occur both in high-risk CLL patients harboring TP53 and NOTCH1 mutations as well as in patients with RT. Genetic overactivation of Akt in the murine Eµ-TCL1 CLL mouse model resulted in CLL transformation to RT with significantly reduced survival and an aggressive lymphoma phenotype. In the absence of recurrent mutations, we identified a profile of genomic aberrations intermediate between CLL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Multiomics assessment by phosphoproteomic/proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic profiles of this Akt-induced murine RT revealed an S100 protein-defined subcluster of highly aggressive lymphoma cells that developed from CLL cells, through activation of Notch via Notch ligand expressed by T cells. Constitutively active Notch1 similarly induced RT of murine CLL. We identify Akt activation as an initiator of CLL transformation toward aggressive lymphoma by inducing Notch signaling between RT cells and microenvironmental T cells.
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He R, Wu S, Gao R, Chen J, Peng Q, Hu H, Zhu L, Du Y, Sun W, Ma X, Zhang H, Cui Z, Wang H, Martin BN, Wang Y, Zhang CJ, Wang C. Identification of a Long Noncoding RNA TRAF3IP2-AS1 as Key Regulator of IL-17 Signaling through the SRSF10-IRF1-Act1 Axis in Autoimmune Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2353-2365. [PMID: 33941656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IL-17A plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Act1 is a critical adaptor in the IL-17A signaling pathway. In this study, we report that an anti-sense long noncoding RNA, TRAF3IP2-AS1, regulates Act1 expression and IL-17A signaling by recruiting SRSF10, which downregulates the expression of IRF1, a transcriptional factor of Act1. Interestingly, we found that a psoriasis-susceptible variant of TRAF3IP2-AS1 A4165G (rs13210247) is a gain-of-function mutant. Furthermore, we identified a mouse gene E130307A14-Rik that is homologous to TRAF3IP2-AS1 and has a similar ability to regulate Act1 expression and IL-17A signaling. Importantly, treatment with lentiviruses expressing E130307A14-Rik or SRSF10 yielded therapeutic effects in mouse models of psoriasis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These findings suggest that TRAF3IP2-AS1 and/or SRSF10 may represent attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of IL-17-related autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songfang Wu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bradley N Martin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China .,Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
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Interleukin 17A Derived from γδ T Cell Induces Demyelination of the Brain in Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3968-3982. [PMID: 33904019 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is a typical cause of eosinophilic encephalitis (EM), which has been reported to induce serious damage in the central nervous system. Both parasite and host factors contribute to the onset of EM, but the related immune-inflammation pathogenesis remains poorly characterised. An A. cantonensis infection model was generated through the infection of mice by gavage. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the pathologic changes in the brain. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was tested using qRT-PCR. A combination of flow cytometry and western blotting was used to evaluate the alteration of leukocytes and related cytokines. A critical role of IL-17 was found by injecting IL-17A monoclonal antibody into naïve and A. cantonensis-infected mice. A. cantonensis larvae altered the immune homeostasis in the brain, leading to the destruction of myelin sheaths and activation of microglia and macrophage. During this process, IL-17A accumulation was observed, and IL-17RA was expressed in oligodendrocytes and microglia during the infection. Notably, γδ T cell was the major origin of IL-17A production induced by the parasite. After an IL-17A-neutralising antibody was applied, alterations in myelination and the state of the microglia/macrophage were discovered; the neurobehavioural scores of the mice also improved. Our study reveals one unrecognised impact of the γδ T cells in parasitic encephalopathy and emphasises that blocking IL-17A signalling can attenuate microglia and macrophage activation, thus reducing CNS demyelination and ameliorating the neurobehavioural deficit in A. cantonensis-infected mice.
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Zhao J, Liao Y, Miller-Little W, Xiao J, Liu C, Li X, Li X, Kang Z. STEAP4 expression in CNS resident cells promotes Th17 cell-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:98. [PMID: 33879167 PMCID: PMC8059164 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease caused by autoimmune destruction of the myelin sheath. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for the pathogenesis of MS. We and others have previously demonstrated that IL-17 is critical for the pathogenesis of EAE. The concentration of IL-17 is significantly higher in the sera of MS patients than in healthy controls and correlates with disease activity. Moreover, anti-IL-17 neutralizing antibody demonstrated promising efficacy in a phase II trial in MS patients, further substantiating a key pathogenic role for IL-17 in MS. While Th17 and IL-17 are emerging as a bona fide drivers for neuroinflammation, it remains unclear what effector molecule executes the inflammatory tissue destruction in Th17-driven EAE. METHODS By microarray analysis, we found STEAP4 is a downstream molecule of IL-17 signaling in EAE. We then used STEAP4 global knockout mice and STEAP4 conditional knockout mice to test its role in the pathogenesis of EAE. RESULTS Here, we report that the metalloreductase, STEAP4, is a key effector molecule that participates and contributes to the pathogenesis of Th17-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. STEAP4 knockout mice displayed delayed onset and reduced severity of EAE induced by active immunization. The reduced disease phenotype was not due to any impact of STEAP4 deficiency on myelin reactive T cells. In contrast, STEAP4 knockout mice were resistant to passively induced EAE, pointing to a role for STEAP4 in the effector stage of EAE. Notably, STEAP4 was only induced the spinal cord of EAE mice that received Th17 cells but not Th1 cells. Consistently, STEAP4 deficiency protected from only Th17 but not Th1-induced EAE. Finally, using Nestin-Cre STEAP4fl/fl mice, we showed that ablation of STEAP4 expression in the resident cells in the central nervous system attenuated disease severity in both active immunization and passive Th17 transfer-induced EAE. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified STEAP4 as a Th17-specific effector molecule that participates and contributes to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation, thus potentially provide a novel target for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William Miller-Little
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianxing Xiao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- The Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Liang KH, Lai MW, Lin YH, Chu YD, Lin CL, Lin WR, Huang YH, Wang TH, Chien RN, Hu TH, Yeh CT. Plasma interleukin-17 and alpha-fetoprotein combination effectively predicts imminent hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in liver cirrhotic patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:177. [PMID: 33865328 PMCID: PMC8052794 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting imminent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhotic patients is an unmet medical need. We aimed to investigate circulatory biomarkers and their optimum combinations in a prospective study.
Methods We investigated plasma interleukin 17 (IL-17) concentrations, quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the prediction of HCC in a large cohort of 404 HCC-naïve liver cirrhotic patients regularly followed after recruitment. Additionally, IL-17 in surgically resected tumor tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining.
Results IL-17 was detected in HCC tissues. The IL-17 concentrations in the peripheral blood do not have correlation with an extensive list of 31 common demographic, metabolic and liver function variables in the cohort of liver cirrhotic patients. Furthermore, patients stratified by IL-17 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) showed distinctive cumulative incidence of HCC. Imminent HCC, defined here as HCC occurrence within 1 year, can be predicted by IL-17 alone with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.762 (P = 0.002). An multivariate analysis showed that age, hepatitis C viral infection, AFP and IL-17 were four independent factors associated with imminent HCC (adjusted P = 0.03, 0.041, 0.024 and 0.008 respectively). An explicit risk score (R) combining the concentrations of two plasma biomarkers, AFP and IL-17, achieved a high AUC of 0.933 (95% confidence interval 0.893–0.972, P < 0.001) in predicting imminent HCC, with 100% sensitivity and 79.9% specificity at the optimum cutoff. The score is defined as: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}} = (2.6914)*{\text{IL-17}} + (0.3909)*{\text{AFP}} - (0.80812875)*{\text{IL-17}}^{2} + (0.10288876884)*{\text{IL-17}}^{2} *{\text{AFP}}.$$\end{document}R=(2.6914)∗IL-17+(0.3909)∗AFP-(0.80812875)∗IL-172+(0.10288876884)∗IL-172∗AFP. Conclusions The circulatory IL-17 concentration is a predictor of subsequent HCC occurrence in liver cirrhotic patients. The combination of AFP and IL-17 is highly effective in predicting imminent HCC within 1 year. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01761-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hung Wang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Li C, Xie Z, Xing Z, Zhu H, Zhou W, Xie S, Zhang Z, Li MH. The Notch Signaling Pathway Regulates Differentiation of NG2 Cells into Oligodendrocytes in Demyelinating Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1-11. [PMID: 33826017 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NG2 cells are highly proliferative glial cells that can self-renew or differentiate into oligodendrocytes, promoting remyelination. Following demyelination, the proliferative and differentiation potentials of NG2 cells increase rapidly, enhancing their differentiation into functional myelinating cells. Levels of the transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 increase during the differentiation of NG2 cells and play important roles in the development and repair of oligodendrocytes. However, the ability to generate new oligodendrocytes is hampered by injury-related factors (e.g., myelin fragments, Wnt and Notch signaling components), leading to failed differentiation and maturation of NG2 cells into oligodendrocytes. Here, we review Notch signaling as a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and discuss the extracellular ligands, intracellular pathways, and key transcription factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelong Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Y, Ji J, Zha Z, Zhao H, Xue B, Jin L, Wang L. Effect and Mechanism of Catalpol on Remyelination via Regulation of the NOTCH1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628209. [PMID: 33708131 PMCID: PMC7940842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is important for fostering remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Catalpol has the potential to promote remyelination and exert neuroprotective effects, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the NOTCH1 signaling pathway is involved in mediating OPC proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we elucidated that catalpol promoted OPC differentiation in vivo and vitro and explored the regulatory role of catalpol in specific biomolecular processes. Following catalpol administration, better and faster recovery of body weight and motor balance was observed in mice with cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination. Luxol fast blue staining (LFB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that catalpol increased the myelinated area and improved myelin ultrastructure in the corpus callosum in demyelinated mice. In addition, catalpol enhanced the expression of CNPase and MBP, indicating that it increased OPC differentiation. Additionally, catalpol downregulated the expression of NOTCH1 signaling pathway-related molecules, such as JAGGED1, NOTCH1, NICD1, RBPJ, HES5, and HES1. We further demonstrated that in vitro, catalpol enhanced the differentiation of OPCs into OLs and inhibited NOTCH1 signaling pathway activity. Our data suggested that catalpol may promote OPC differentiation and remyelination through modulation of the NOTCH1 pathway. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of action of catalpol in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zha
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyun Jin
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The IL-17 family is an evolutionarily old cytokine family consisting of six members (IL-17A through IL-17F). IL-17 family cytokines signal through heterodimeric receptors that include the shared IL-17RA subunit, which is widely expressed throughout the body on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. The founding family member, IL-17A, is usually referred to as IL-17 and has received the most attention for proinflammatory roles in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. However, IL-17 is associated with a wide array of diseases with perhaps surprisingly variable pathologies. This review focuses on recent advances in the roles of IL-17 during health and in disease pathogenesis. To decipher the functions of IL-17 in diverse disease processes it is useful to first consider the physiological functions that IL-17 contributes to health. We then discuss how these beneficial functions can be diverted toward pathogenic amplification of deleterious pathways driving chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; ,
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; ,
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Zhang Z, Zhou H, Zhou J. Heterogeneity and Proliferative and Differential Regulators of NG2-glia in Physiological and Pathological States. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6384-6406. [PMID: 31333083 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190717112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NG2-glia, also called Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs), account for approximately 5%-10% of the cells in the developing and adult brain and constitute the fifth major cell population in the central nervous system. NG2-glia express receptors and ion channels involved in rapid modulation of neuronal activities and signaling with neuronal synapses, which have functional significance in both physiological and pathological states. NG2-glia participate in quick signaling with peripheral neurons via direct synaptic touches in the developing and mature central nervous system. These distinctive glia perform the unique function of proliferating and differentiating into oligodendrocytes in the early developing brain, which is critical for axon myelin formation. In response to injury, NG2-glia can proliferate, migrate to the lesions, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes to form new myelin sheaths, which wrap around damaged axons and result in functional recovery. The capacity of NG2-glia to regulate their behavior and dynamics in response to neuronal activity and disease indicate their critical role in myelin preservation and remodeling in the physiological state and in repair in the pathological state. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the characteristics of NG2-glia, including their heterogeneity, the regulators of their proliferation, and the modulators of their differentiation into oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiyin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Auderset L, Pitman KA, Cullen CL, Pepper RE, Taylor BV, Foa L, Young KM. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Is a Negative Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation in the Adult Mouse Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564351. [PMID: 33282858 PMCID: PMC7691426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large, endocytic cell surface receptor that is highly expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and LRP1 expression is rapidly downregulated as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs). We report that the conditional deletion of Lrp1 from adult mouse OPCs (Pdgfrα-CreER :: Lrp1fl/fl) increases the number of newborn, mature myelinating OLs added to the corpus callosum and motor cortex. As these additional OLs extend a normal number of internodes that are of a normal length, Lrp1-deletion increases adult myelination. OPC proliferation is also elevated following Lrp1 deletion in vivo, however, this may be a secondary, homeostatic response to increased OPC differentiation, as our in vitro experiments show that LRP1 is a direct negative regulator of OPC differentiation, not proliferation. Deleting Lrp1 from adult OPCs also increases the number of newborn mature OLs added to the corpus callosum in response to cuprizone-induced demyelination. These data suggest that the selective blockade of LRP1 function on adult OPCs may enhance myelin repair in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kimberley A Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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