1
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Piotrowski P, Buza M, Nowaczyński R, Kongsuwan N, Surma HB, Osewski P, Gajc M, Strzep A, Ryba-Romanowski W, Hess O, Pawlak DA. Ultrafast photoluminescence and multiscale light amplification in nanoplasmonic cavity glass. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3309. [PMID: 38632272 PMCID: PMC11024168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between plasmons and exciton nanoemitters in plexcitonic systems lead to fast and intense luminescence, desirable in optoelectonic devices, ultrafast optical switches and quantum information science. While luminescence enhancement through exciton-plasmon coupling has thus far been mostly demonstrated in micro- and nanoscale structures, analogous demonstrations in bulk materials have been largely neglected. Here we present a bulk nanocomposite glass doped with cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and silver nanoparticles, nAg, which act as exciton and plasmon sources, respectively. This glass exhibits ultranarrow, FWHM = 13 nm, and ultrafast, 90 ps, amplified photoluminescence (PL), λem≅503 nm, at room temperature under continuous-wave excitation, λexc = 405 nm. Numerical simulations confirm that the observed improvement in emission is a result of a multiscale light enhancement owing to the ensemble of QD-populated plasmonic nanocavities in the material. Power-dependent measurements indicate that >100 mW coherent light amplification occurs. These types of bulk plasmon-exciton composites could be designed comprising a plethora of components/functionalities, including emitters (QDs, rare earth and transition metal ions) and nanoplasmonic elements (Ag/Au/TCO, spherical/anisotropic/miscellaneous), to achieve targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Buza
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Nowaczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nuttawut Kongsuwan
- Quantum Technology Foundation (Thailand), 98 Soi Ari, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hańcza B Surma
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Osewski
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gajc
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Strzep
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS, Okolna 2, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ortwin Hess
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Dorota A Pawlak
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland.
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Takaishi M, Komino T, Kameda A, Togawa K, Yokomatsu T, Maenaka K, Tajima H. Suppression of the plasmon-quenching effect on light amplification in 20-μm-diameter plasmonic whispering gallery mode resonators fabricated from bowl-shaped organic/metal thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10796-10803. [PMID: 38516939 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bowl-shaped plasmonic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators were fabricated from a 10-nm-thick metal (Al, Ag, or Au) plasmonic layer that was covered with a 100-nm-thick 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl spacer layer and a 250-nm-thick 2,7-bis[9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)-fluoren-2-yl]-9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)fluorene light-emitting layer; the layer structure was grown on a 20-μm-diameter silica microsphere. When compared with a reference structure without the plasmonic layer, the resonators, which included either Al or Ag, showed almost the same threshold excitation intensities for generation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). This result indicates that the ease of light amplification in the plasmonic resonators was comparable to that in the reference structure. Excitons that exist in the vicinity of metal thin films are generally easy to quench because propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) absorb the exciton energy. Therefore, the observed comparability demonstrates that the plasmonic WGM resonators overcome this quenching effect on ASE via localization of the SPPs in the vicinity of the excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Takaishi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Komino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kameda
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Togawa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Tokuji Yokomatsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Kazusuke Maenaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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3
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Sarkar D, Cho S, Yan H, Martino N, Dannenberg PH, Yun SH. Ultrasmall InGa(As)P Dielectric and Plasmonic Nanolasers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16048-16055. [PMID: 37523588 PMCID: PMC11229223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers have great potential for both on-chip light sources and optical barcoding particles. We demonstrate ultrasmall InGaP and InGaAsP disk lasers with diameters down to 360 nm (198 nm in height) in the red spectral range. Optically pumped, room-temperature, single-mode lasing was achieved from both disk-on-pillar and isolated particles. When isolated disks were placed on gold, plasmon polariton lasing was obtained with Purcell-enhanced stimulated emission. UV lithography and plasma ashing enabled wafer-scale fabrication of nanodisks with an intended random size variation. Silica-coated nanodisk particles generated stable subnanometer spectra from within biological cells across an 80 nm bandwidth from 635 to 715 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Sarkar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Nicola Martino
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Paul H Dannenberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Guo Z, Yu G, Zhang Z, Han Y, Guan G, Yang W, Han MY. Intrinsic Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Gold Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206700. [PMID: 36620937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collective oscillation of free electrons at the nanoscale surface of gold nanostructures is closely modulated by tuning the size, shape/morphology, phase, composition, hybridization, assembly, and nanopatterning, along with the surroundings of the plasmonic surface located at a dielectric interface with air, liquid, and solid. This review first introduces the physical origin of the intrinsic optical properties of gold nanostructures and further summarizes stimuli-responsive changes in optical properties, metal-field-enhanced optical signals, luminescence spectral shaping, chiroptical response, and photogenerated hot carriers. The current success in the landscape of nanoscience and nanotechnology mainly originates from the abundant optical properties of gold nanostructures in the thermodynamically stable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase. It has been further extended by crystal phase engineering to prepare thermodynamically unfavorable phases (e.g., kinetically stable) and heterophases to modulate their intriguing phase-dependent optical properties. A broad range of promising applications, including but not limited to full-color displays, solar energy harvesting, photochemical reactions, optical sensing, and microscopic/biomedical imaging, have fostered parallel research on the multitude of physical effects occurring in gold nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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5
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Yu J, Yan J, Jiang L, Li J, Guo H, Qiao M, Qu L. Fluorescence enhancement of organic dyes by femtosecond laser-induced cavitation bubbles for crystal imaging. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8730-8739. [PMID: 37039123 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence from organic dyes can be applied in many research fields such as imaging, bio-sensing and diagnosis. One shortcoming of fluorescence imaging is the limitation in emission intensity. Amplification of fluorescence signals can be achieved by the enhancement of localized electromagnetic fields. Metallic nanoparticles are widely applied to produce plasmon resonance, but they cause thermal damage to fragile bio-materials. In this study, we propose a method for nanoparticle-free fluorescence enhancement by ultrafast laser-induced cavitation bubbles in organic dye solutions. Fluorescence enhancement without the use of nanoparticles prevents potential hazards including thermal effects and biotoxicity. In order to achieve fluorescence enhancement in neat dye solution, cavitation bubbles were induced by focusing an 800 nm ultrafast laser beam. Another 400 nm laser beam was used to pump the gain medium. Fluorescence enhancement was observed in various dye solutions. The intensity and spectra of the fluorescence emission can be controlled by changing the power and focus of the excitation laser. According to time-resolved microscopy and simulation results, the cavity formed by the laser-induced bubbles results in the enhancement of the localized electromagnetic field and induces the amplification of the fluorescence signal. The bubble-enhanced fluorescence emission was used for imaging of protein crystals without causing thermal damage to the samples. This study provides an effective method for bio-compatible fluorescence enhancement and has application prospects in fields such as bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiaqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Heng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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6
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Anwar A, Mur M, Humar M. Microcavity- and Microlaser-Based Optical Barcoding: A Review of Encoding Techniques and Applications. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1202-1224. [PMID: 37215324 PMCID: PMC10197175 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical microbarcodes have recently received a great deal of interest because of their suitability for a wide range of applications, such as multiplexed assays, cell tagging and tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling. Spectral barcodes are especially promising because they are robust and have a simple readout. In addition, microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes have very narrow spectra and therefore have the potential to generate millions of unique barcodes. This review begins with a discussion of the different types of barcodes and then focuses specifically on microcavity-based barcodes. While almost any kind of optical microcavity can be used for barcoding, currently whispering-gallery microcavities (in the form of spheres and disks), nanowire lasers, Fabry-Pérot lasers, random lasers, and distributed feedback lasers are the most frequently employed for this purpose. In microcavity-based barcodes, the information is encoded in various ways in the properties of the emitted light, most frequently in the spectrum. The barcode is dependent on the properties of the microcavity, such as the size, shape, and the gain materials. Various applications of these barcodes, including cell tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling are described. Finally, the future prospects for microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur
Rehman Anwar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Mur
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Humar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CENN
Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Liao K, Zhong Y, Du Z, Liu G, Li C, Wu X, Deng C, Lu C, Wang X, Chan CT, Song Q, Wang S, Liu X, Hu X, Gong Q. On-chip integrated exceptional surface microlaser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3470. [PMID: 37043581 PMCID: PMC10096563 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The on-chip integrated visible microlaser is a core unit of high-speed visible-light communication with huge bandwidth resources, which needs robustness against fabrication errors, compressible linewidth, reducible threshold, and in-plane emission. However, until now, it has been a great challenge to meet these requirements simultaneously. Here, we report a scalable strategy to realize a robust on-chip integrated visible microlaser with further improved lasing performances enabled by the increased orders (n) of exceptional surfaces, and experimentally verify the strategy by demonstrating the performances of a second-order exceptional surface-tailored microlaser. We further prove the potential application of the strategy by discussing an exceptional surface-tailored topological microlaser with unique performances. This work lays a foundation for further development of on-chip integrated high-speed visible-light communication and processing systems, provides a platform for the fundamental study of non-Hermitian photonics, and proposes a feasible method of joint research for non-Hermitian photonics with nonlinear optics and topological photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuochen Du
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chentong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cuicui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Che Ting Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
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8
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Recalde N, Bustamante D, Infusino M, Veltri A. Dynamic Multi-Mode Mie Model for Gain-Assisted Metal Nano-Spheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1911. [PMID: 36903024 PMCID: PMC10004665 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coupling externally pumped gain materials with plasmonic spherical particles, even in the simplest case of a single spherical nanoparticle in a uniform gain medium, generates an incredibly rich variety of electrodynamic phenomena. The appropriate theoretical description of these systems is dictated by the quantity of the included gain and the size of the nano-particle. On the one hand, when the gain level is below the threshold separating the absorption and the emission regime, a steady-state approach is a rather adequate depiction, yet a time dynamic approach becomes fundamental when this threshold is exceeded. On the other hand, while a quasi-static approximation can be used to model nanoparticles when they are much smaller than the exciting wavelength, a more complete scattering theory is necessary to discuss larger nanoparticles. In this paper, we describe a novel method including a time-dynamical approach to the Mie scattering theory, which is able to account for all the most enticing aspects of the problem without any limitation in the particle's size. Ultimately, although the presented approach does not fully describe the emission regime yet, it does allow us to predict the transient states preceding emission and represents an essential step forward in the direction of a model able to adequately describe the full electromagnetic phenomenology of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Recalde
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | | | - Melissa Infusino
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Alessandro Veltri
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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9
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Wang Z, Yang F, Zhang W, Xiong K, Yang S. Towards in vivo photoacoustic human imaging: shining a new light on clinical diagnostics. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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10
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Chan KK, Shang LW, Qiao Z, Liao Y, Kim M, Chen YC. Monitoring Amyloidogenesis with a 3D Deep-Learning-Guided Biolaser Imaging Array. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8949-8956. [PMID: 36367840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis is a critical hallmark for many neurodegenerative diseases and drug screening; however, identifying intermediate states of protein aggregates at an earlier stage remains challenging. Herein, we developed a peptide-encapsulated droplet microlaser to monitor the amyloidogenesis process and evaluate the efficacy of anti-amyloid drugs. The lasing wavelength changes accordingly with the amyloid peptide folding behaviors and nanostructure conformations in the droplet resonator. A 3D deep-learning strategy was developed to directly image minute spectral shifts through a far-field camera. By extracting 1D color information and 2D features from the laser images, the progression of the amyloidogenesis process could be monitored using arrays of laser images from microdroplets. The training set, validation set, and test set of the multimodal learning model achieved outstanding classification accuracies of over 95%. This study shows the great potential of deep-learning-empowered peptide microlaser yields for protein misfolding studies and paves the way for new possibilities for high-throughput imaging of cavity biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Lin-Wei Shang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210016, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Yikai Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637459, Singapore
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11
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Li W, Kaminski Schierle GS, Lei B, Liu Y, Kaminski CF. Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Super-Resolution Imaging. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12495-12543. [PMID: 35759536 PMCID: PMC9373000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques that overcome the diffraction limit of light have gained wide popularity for visualizing cellular structures with nanometric resolution. Following the pace of hardware developments, the availability of new fluorescent probes with superior properties is becoming ever more important. In this context, fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as bright and photostable probes that address many shortcomings of traditional fluorescent probes. The use of NPs for super-resolution imaging is a recent development and this provides the focus for the current review. We give an overview of different super-resolution methods and discuss their demands on the properties of fluorescent NPs. We then review in detail the features, strengths, and weaknesses of each NP class to support these applications and provide examples from their utilization in various biological systems. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the future of the field and opportunities in material science for the development of probes for multiplexed subcellular imaging with nanometric resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China,Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bingfu Lei
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China,B. Lei.
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom,C. F. Kaminski.
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12
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Koulas-Simos A, Sinatkas G, Zhang T, Xu JL, Hayenga WE, Kan Q, Zhang R, Khajavikhan M, Ning CZ, Reitzenstein S. Extraction of silver losses at cryogenic temperatures through the optical characterization of silver-coated plasmonic nanolasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21664-21678. [PMID: 36224880 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the extraction of silver losses in the range 10 K-180 K by performing temperature-dependent micro-photoluminescence measurements in conjunction with numerical simulations on silver-coated nanolasers around near-infrared telecommunication wavelengths. By mapping changes in the quality factor of nanolasers into silver-loss variations, the imaginary part of silver permittivity is extracted at cryogenic temperatures. The latter is estimated to reach values an order of magnitude lower than room-temperature values. Temperature-dependent values for the thermo-optic coefficient of III-V semiconductors occupying the cavity are estimated as well. This data is missing from the literature and is crucial for precise device modeling. Our results can be useful for device designing, the theoretical validation of experimental observations as well as the evaluation of thermal effects in silver-coated nanophotonic structures.
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13
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Tang H, Luo F, Cui Z, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhu Z, Chen S, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang J, Peng G, Qin S, Zhu M. Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Photoluminescence from van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19869-19877. [PMID: 35438495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving facile control of the wavelength of light emitters is of great significance for many key applications in optoelectronics and photonics, including on-chip interconnection, super-resolution imaging, and optical communication. The Joule heating effect caused by electric current is widely applied in modulating the refractive index of silicon-based waveguides for reconfigurable nanophotonic circuits. Here, by utilizing localized Joule heating in the biased graphene device, we demonstrate electrically controlled wavelength-tunable photoluminescence (PL) from vertical van der Waals heterostructures combined by graphene and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDCs). By applying a moderate electric field of 6.5 kV·cm-1 to the graphene substrate, the PL wavelength of 2D-TMDCs exhibits a continuous tuning from 662 to 690 nm, corresponding to a bandgap reduction of 76 meV. The electric control is highly reversible during sweeping the bias back and forth. The temperature dependence of Raman and PL spectroscopy reveals that the current-induced local Joule heating effect plays a leading role in reducing the optical direct bandgap of TMDCs. The bias-dependent optical reflectivity and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show a consistent reduction of the optical band gap of 2D-TMDCs and increased PL lifetimes with the electric field over the heterostructures. Moreover, we demonstrate the consistent device operation from 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition, showing great advantages for the scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Ziru Cui
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Shula Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Gang Peng
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Mengjian Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
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14
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Azmi AN, Wan Ismail WZ, Abu Hassan H, Halim MM, Zainal N, Muskens OL, Wan Ahmad Kamil WM. Review of Open Cavity Random Lasers as Laser-Based Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:914-928. [PMID: 35377613 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the concept of open cavity lasing for ultrasensitive sensing is explored, specifically in driving important innovations as laser-based biosensors─a field mostly dominated by fluorescence-based sensing. Laser-based sensing exhibits higher signal amplification and lower signal-to-noise ratio due to narrow emission lines as well as high sensitivity due to nonlinear components. The versatility of open cavity random lasers for probing analytes directly which is ultrasensitive to small changes in chemical composition and temperature fluctuations paves the path of utilizing narrow emission lines for advanced sensing. The concept of random lasing is first explained followed by a comparison of the different lasing threshold that has been reported. This is followed by a survey of reports on laser-based sensing and more specifically as biosensors. Finally, a perspective on the way forward for open cavity laser-based sensing is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Haslan Abu Hassan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mahadi Halim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norzaini Zainal
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Otto L. Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Parkhomenko RG, Knez M. Facile Fabrication of Gold Nanorods@Polystyrenesulfonate Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles for Spaser Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4629-4633. [PMID: 35492437 PMCID: PMC9039960 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for producing gold nanorods surrounded by a hollow polymeric shell of polystyrenesulfonate and show that the cavities of such particles can be filled with various organic dyes. The approach consists of covering gold nanorods with silica, followed by its slow hydrolysis in an aqueous medium in the presence of the polymer thin layer permeable for dye molecules. The proposed method enables the yolk-shell nanoparticles to be obtained and loaded with organic dyes without a need to use thermal treatment and/or chemical etching, which makes it suitable for use in the creation of spasers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mato Knez
- CIC
NanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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17
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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18
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Kavčič A, Garvas M, Marinčič M, Unger K, Coclite AM, Majaron B, Humar M. Deep tissue localization and sensing using optical microcavity probes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1269. [PMID: 35277496 PMCID: PMC8917156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptical microcavities and microlasers were recently introduced as probes inside living cells and tissues. Their main advantages are spectrally narrow emission lines and high sensitivity to the environment. Despite numerous novel methods for optical imaging in strongly scattering biological tissues, imaging at single-cell resolution beyond the ballistic light transport regime remains very challenging. Here, we show that optical microcavity probes embedded inside cells enable three-dimensional localization and tracking of individual cells over extended time periods, as well as sensing of their environment, at depths well beyond the light transport length. This is achieved by utilizing unique spectral features of the whispering-gallery modes, which are unaffected by tissue scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence. In addition, microcavities can be functionalized for simultaneous sensing of various parameters, such as temperature or pH value, which extends their versatility beyond the capabilities of standard fluorescent labels.
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19
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Wang J, Wang S, Melentiev PN, Kang B, Xu J, Chen H. Photo‐stability and Photo‐damage of
SPASER
Nanoparticles under Nanosecond Pulsed‐laser. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Shao‐Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Pavel N. Melentiev
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences Troitsk Moscow 108840 Russia
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Hong‐Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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20
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Jiang S, Belogolovskii D, Deka SS, Pan SH, Fainman Y. Experimental demonstration of mode selection in bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:6027-6030. [PMID: 34913910 DOI: 10.1364/ol.443991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers that can operate in the in-phase or out-of-phase locking modes at room temperature. By varying the length of the bridge, we show that the coupling coefficients can be realized in support of the stable operation of any of these two modes. Both coupled nanolaser designs have been fabricated and characterized for experimental validation. Their lasing behavior has been confirmed by the spectral evolution, light-in light-out characterizations, and emission linewidth narrowing. The operating mode is identified from the near-field and far-field emission pattern measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of mode selection in bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers, which can serve as building blocks in nanolaser arrays for applications in imaging, virtual reality devices, and lidars.
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21
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Low-Threshold Nanolaser Based on Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Mode Supported by Metallic Grating Waveguide Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102555. [PMID: 34684995 PMCID: PMC8538269 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high Q-factor of the nanocavity can effectively reduce the threshold of nanolasers. In this paper, a modified nanostructure composed of a silver grating on a low-index dielectric layer (LID) and a high-index dielectric layer (HID) was proposed to realize a nanolaser with a lower lasing threshold. The nanostructure supports a hybrid plasmonic waveguide mode with a very-narrow line-width that can be reduced to about 1.79 nm by adjusting the thickness of the LID/HID layer or the duty ratio of grating, and the Q-factor can reach up to about 348. We theoretically demonstrated the lasing behavior of the modified nanostructures using the model of the combination of the classical electrodynamics and the four-level two-electron model of the gain material. The results demonstrated that the nanolaser based on the hybrid plasmonic waveguide mode can really reduce the lasing threshold to 0.042 mJ/cm2, which is about three times lower than the nanolaser based on the surface plasmon. The lasing action can be modulated by the thickness of the LID layer, the thickness of the HID layer and the duty cycle of grating. Our findings could provide a useful guideline to design low-threshold and highly-efficient miniaturized lasers.
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22
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Sato R, Henzie J, Zhang B, Ishii S, Murai S, Takazawa K, Takeda Y. Random Lasing via Plasmon-Induced Cavitation of Microbubbles. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6064-6070. [PMID: 34240608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous laboratories have observed random lasing from optically pumped solutions of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) suspended with organic dye molecules. The underlying mechanism is typically attributed to the formation of closed-loop optical cavities enabled by the large local field and scattering enhancements in the vicinity of plasmonic NPs. In this manuscript, we propose an alternative mechanism that does not directly require the plasmon resonance. We used high-speed confocal microspectroscopy to observe the photophysical dynamics of NPs in solution. Laser pulses induce the formation of microbubbles that surround and encapsulate the NPs, then sharp peaks <1.0 nm are observed that match the spectral signature of random lasing. Electromagnetic simulations indicate that ensembles of microbubbles may form optical corral containing standing wave patterns that are sufficient to sustain coherent optical feedback in a gain medium. Collectively, these results show that ensembles of plasmonic-induced bubbles can generate optical feedback and random lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Sato
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Joel Henzie
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Murai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Takazawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Takeda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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23
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Xiong R, Xu RX, Huang C, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K. Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5746-5776. [PMID: 33972972 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles have received increased attention for their application in spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques and therapies, particularly in multiple imaging methods, and they thus have significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanobubbles and their novel applications. Properties of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive nanobubbles are highlighted and discussed considering the potential features required for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the methods used for synthesis and characterization of nanobubbles are outlined. Finally, novel biomedical applications are proposed alongside the advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Wong WW, Su Z, Wang N, Jagadish C, Tan HH. Epitaxially Grown InP Micro-Ring Lasers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5681-5688. [PMID: 34143635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the near future, technological advances driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution will boost the demand for integrated, power-efficient miniature lasers, which are important for optical data communications and advanced sensing applications. Although top-down fabricated III-V semiconductor micro-disk and micro-ring lasers have been shown to be efficient light sources, challenges such as etching-induced sidewall roughness and poor fabrication scalability have been limiting the potential for high-density on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate InP micro-ring lasers fabricated with a highly scalable epitaxial growth technique. With an optimized cavity design, the optically pumped micro-ring lasers show efficient room-temperature lasing with a lasing threshold of around 50 μJ cm-2 per pulse. Remarkably, through comprehensive modeling of the micro-ring laser, we demonstrate lasing mode engineering experimentally by tuning the vertical ring height. Our work is a major step toward realizing the high-density monolithic integration of III-V miniature lasers on submicrometer-scale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen Wong
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Su
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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25
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Żygieło M, Piotrowski P, Witkowski M, Cichowicz G, Szczytko J, Królikowska A. Reduced Self-Aggregation and Improved Stability of Silica-Coated Fe 3O 4/Ag SERS-Active Nanotags Functionalized With 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate. Front Chem 2021; 9:697595. [PMID: 34222201 PMCID: PMC8241903 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.697595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites combining magnetic and plasmonic properties are very attractive within the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Applications presented so far take advantage of not only the cooperation of both components but also synergy (enhanced properties), leading to multi-approach analysis. While many methods were proposed to synthesize such plasmonic-magnetic nanoparticles, the issue of their collective magnetic behavior, inducing irreversible self-aggregation, has not been addressed yet. Thus, here we present a simple and fast method to overcome this problem, employing 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES) ions as both a SERS tag and primer molecules in the silica-coating process of the previously fabricated Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposite. The use of MES favored the formation of silica-coated nanomaterial comprised of well-dispersed small clusters of Fe3O4/Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, adsorbed MES molecules provided a reliable SERS response, which was successfully detected after magnetic assembly of the Fe3O4/Ag@MES@SiO2 on the surface of the banknote. Improved chemical stability after coating with a silica layer was also found when the nanocomposite was exposed to suspension of yeast cells. This work reports on the application of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate not only providing a photostable SERS signal due to a non-aromatic Raman reporter but also acting as a silica-coating primer and a factor responsible for a substantial reduction of the self-aggregation of the plasmonic-magnetic nanocomposite. Additionally, here obtained Fe3O4/Ag@MES@SiO2 SERS nanotags showed the potential as security labels for the authentication purposes, retaining its original SERS performance after deposition on the banknote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Żygieło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.
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Pan T, Lu D, Xin H, Li B. Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:124. [PMID: 34108445 PMCID: PMC8190087 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of biophotonics and biomedical sciences makes a high demand on photonic structures to be interfaced with biological systems that are capable of manipulating light at small scales for sensitive detection of biological signals and precise imaging of cellular structures. However, conventional photonic structures based on artificial materials (either inorganic or toxic organic) inevitably show incompatibility and invasiveness when interfacing with biological systems. The design of biophotonic probes from the abundant natural materials, particularly biological entities such as virus, cells and tissues, with the capability of multifunctional light manipulation at target sites greatly increases the biocompatibility and minimizes the invasiveness to biological microenvironment. In this review, advances in biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging are reviewed. We emphatically and systematically describe biological entities-based photonic probes that offer appropriate optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with different optical functions from light generation, to light transportation and light modulation. Three representative biophotonic probes, i.e., biological lasers, cell-based biophotonic waveguides and bio-microlenses, are reviewed with applications for bio-detection and imaging. Finally, perspectives on future opportunities and potential improvements of biophotonic probes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Li Y, Yuan Y, Peng X, Zhou F, Song J, Qu J. Low Threshold and Long‐Range Propagation Plasmonic Nanolaser Enhanced by Black Phosphorus Nanosheets. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Li
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute National Research Nuclear University Moscow 115409 Russian Federation
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29
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Mokrousov MD, Thompson W, Ermilov SA, Abakumova T, Novoselova MV, Inozemtseva OA, Zatsepin TS, Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Gorin DA. Indocyanine green dye based bimodal contrast agent tested by photoacoustic/fluorescence tomography setup. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3181-3195. [PMID: 34221653 PMCID: PMC8221961 DOI: 10.1364/boe.419461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging systems are in high demand for preclinical research, experimental medicine, and clinical practice. Combinations of photoacoustic technology with other modalities including fluorescence, ultrasound, MRI, OCT have been already applied in feasibility studies. Nevertheless, only the combination of photoacoustics with ultrasound in a single setup is commercially available now. A combination of photoacoustics and fluorescence is another compelling approach because those two modalities naturally complement each other. Here, we presented a bimodal contrast agent based on the indocyanine green dye (ICG) as a single signalling compound embedded in the biocompatible and biodegradable polymer shell. We demonstrate its remarkable characteristics by imaging using a commercial photoacoustic/fluorescence tomography system (TriTom, PhotoSound Technologies). It was shown that photoacoustic signal of the particles depends on the amount of dye loaded into the shell, while fluorescence signal depends on the total amount of dye per particle. For the first time to our knowledge, a commercial bimodal photoacoustic/fluorescence setup was used for characterization of ICG doped polymer particles. Additionally, we conducted cell toxicity studies for these particles as well as studied biodistribution over time in vivo and ex vivo using fluorescent imaging. The obtained results suggest a potential for the application of biocompatible and biodegradable bimodal contrast agents as well as the integrated photoacoustic/fluorescence imaging system for preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim D. Mokrousov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Weylan Thompson
- PhotoSound Technologies, 9511 Town Park Dr, Houston, TX 77036, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Abakumova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Marina V. Novoselova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | | | - Timofei S. Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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30
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Gong C, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Huang S, Wang W, Wu PC, Chen Y. Topological Encoded Vector Beams for Monitoring Amyloid-Lipid Interactions in Microcavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100096. [PMID: 34194941 PMCID: PMC8224421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern photonics and sensing. Recent advances in microlasers have demonstrated its extraordinary lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. However, most lasers utilized lasing spectrum as a detection signal, which can hardly detect or characterize nanoscale structural changes in microcavity. Here the concept of amplified structured light-molecule interactions is introduced to monitor tiny bio-structural changes in a microcavity. Biomimetic liquid crystal droplets with self-assembled lipid monolayers are sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, where subtle protein-lipid membrane interactions trigger the topological transformation of output vector beams. By exploiting Amyloid β (Aβ)-lipid membrane interactions as a proof-of-concept, it is demonstrated that vector laser beams can be viewed as a topology of complex laser modes and polarization states. The concept of topological-encoded laser barcodes is therefore developed to reveal dynamic changes of laser modes and Aβ-lipid interactions with different Aβ assembly structures. The findings demonstrate that the topology of vector beams represents significant features of intracavity nano-structural dynamics resulted from structured light-molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shih‐Hsiu Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
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Active Individual Nanoresonators Optimized for Lasing and Spasing Operation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051322. [PMID: 34067886 PMCID: PMC8155829 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoresonators consisting of a gold nanorod and a spherical silica core and gold shell, both coated with a gain layer, were optimized to maximize the stimulated emission in the near-field (NF-c-type) and the outcoupling into the far-field (FF-c-type) and to enter into the spasing operation region (NF-c*-type). It was shown that in the case of a moderate dye concentration, the nanorod has more advantages: smaller lasing threshold and larger slope efficiency and larger achieved intensities in the near-field in addition to FF-c-type systems’ smaller gain and outflow threshold, earlier dip-to-peak switching in the spectrum and slightly larger far-field outcoupling efficiency. However, the near-field (far-field) bandwidth is smaller for NF-c-type (FF-c-type) core–shell nanoresonators. In the case of a larger dye concentration (NF-c*-type), although the slope efficiency and near-field intensity remain larger for the nanorod, the core–shell nanoresonator is more advantageous, considering the smaller lasing, outflow, absorption and extinction cross-section thresholds and near-field bandwidth as well as the significantly larger internal and external quantum efficiencies. It was also shown that the strong-coupling of time-competing plasmonic modes accompanies the transition from lasing to spasing occurring, when the extinction cross-section crosses zero. As a result of the most efficient enhancement in the forward direction, the most uniform far-field distribution was achieved.
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32
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Pathiranage S, Gunapala SD, Premaratne M. Tunable plasmonic resonator using conductivity modulated Bragg reflectors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:245301. [PMID: 33631723 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe9d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We design a tunable plasmonic resonator that may have applications in sensing and plasmon generation-our design uses graphene-based Bragg reflectors of periodically modulated conductivity. Specifically, we explore and utilize the ability to use an array of Gaussian conductivity gratings as fully reflecting mirrors for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along a two-dimensional graphene sheet sandwiched between two dielectric materials. Graphene supports SPPs in the near-infrared to terahertz (THz) regime of the electromagnetic spectrum compared to those observed in metal-dielectric systems. Our resonator is fundamentally different from other similar published resonator designs because the distributed reflectors provide light confinement in both the horizontal and the vertical directions. As a result, the resonator is compact in the vertical-direction as we no longer use traditional mirrors or dielectric assisted gratings. Besides, conventional resonator designs only support a single, fixed resonant frequency, set by the mirror reflectivity and the cavity material's properties. The versatility of graphene is that its Fermi energy can be electrically varied, thus allowing us to change the peak reflectivity of the graphene Bragg-grating without physically changing its physical dimensions. Therefore, by varying the Bragg wavelength, we can shift the resonance frequency of the cavity. One use of our resonator is in plasmonic lasers. We illustrate this use by analyzing the resonator parameters such as the linewidth and the quality factor of the plasmonic resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachinthana Pathiranage
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarath D Gunapala
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States of America
| | - Malin Premaratne
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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33
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Liu Y, Peng Z, Peng X, Yan W, Yang Z, Qu J. Shedding New Lights Into STED Microscopy: Emerging Nanoprobes for Imaging. Front Chem 2021; 9:641330. [PMID: 33959587 PMCID: PMC8093789 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
First reported in 1994, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has long been regarded as a powerful tool for real-time superresolved bioimaging . However, high STED light power (101∼3 MW/cm2) is often required to achieve significant resolution improvement, which inevitably introduces phototoxicity and severe photobleaching, damaging the imaging quality, especially for long-term cases. Recently, the employment of nanoprobes (quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, carbon dots, polymer dots, AIE dots, etc.) in STED imaging has brought opportunities to overcoming such long-existing issues. These nanomaterials designed for STED imaging show not only lower STED power requirements but also more efficient photoluminescence (PL) and enhanced photostability than organic molecular probes. Herein, we review the recent progress in the development of nanoprobes for STED imaging, to highlight their potential in improving the long-term imaging quality of STED microscopy and broadening its application scope. We also discuss the pros and cons for specific classes of nanoprobes for STED bioimaging in detail to provide practical references for biological researchers seeking suitable imaging kits, promoting the development of relative research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Parkhomenko RG, Kuchyanov AS, Knez M, Stockman MI. Lasing Spaser in Photonic Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4417-4422. [PMID: 33623849 PMCID: PMC7893802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers (spasers) are of intense interest, attributable to their ability to generate a high-intensity coherent radiation. We infiltrated a three-dimensional silica-based photonic crystal (PhC) film with spasers, composed of spherical gold cores, surrounded by silica shells with dye molecules. In spasers, the gold nanospheres supported the surface plasmons and the dye molecules transferred incoming optical energy to the surface plasmons. Our experiments show that such a structure, consisting of a PhC, which acts as an external distributed feedback resonator, and spasers, can serve as a coherent source of electromagnetic radiation. Spasers were locked in phase by the common radiation causing a phenomenon called the lasing spaser: the emission of spatially and temporarily coherent light normal to the surface of the PhC film. The far-field radiation patterns appeared in the shape of the Star-of-David, which is due to the dispersion along the Brillouin zone boundary. The infiltration of the spasers into the PhC led to drastic narrowing of the emission peak and an 80-fold decrease in the spaser generation threshold with respect to the same spasers in a suspension at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S. Kuchyanov
- Institute
of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Avenue 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mato Knez
- CIC
NanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center
for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 29 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-4106, United States
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Coherent amplification and inversion less lasing of surface plasmon polaritons in a negative index metamaterial with a resonant atomic medium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3450. [PMID: 33568734 PMCID: PMC7876136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) lasing requires population inversion, it is inefficient and possesses poor spectral properties. We develop an inversion-less concept for a quantum plasmonic waveguide that exploits unidirectional superradiant SPP (SSPP) emission of radiation to produce intense coherent surface plasmon beams. Our scheme includes a resonantly driven cold atomic medium in a lossless dielectric situated above an ultra-low loss negative index metamaterial (NIMM) layer. We propose generating unidirectional superradiant radiation of the plasmonic field within an atomic medium and a NIMM layer interface and achieve amplified SPPs by introducing phase-match between the superradiant SPP wave and coupled laser fields. We also establish a parametric resonance between the weak modulated plasmonic field and the collective oscillations of the atomic ensemble, thereby suppressing decoherence of the stably amplified directional polaritonic mode. Our method incorporates the quantum gain of the atomic medium to obtain sufficient conditions for coherent amplification of superradiant SPP waves, and we explore this method to quantum dynamics of the atomic medium being coupled with the weak polaritonic waves. Our waveguide configuration acts as a surface plasmon laser and quantum plasmonic transistor and opens prospects for designing controllable nano-scale lasers for quantum and nano-photonic applications.
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36
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Yuan Z, Tan X, Gong X, Gong C, Cheng X, Feng S, Fan X, Chen YC. Bioresponsive microlasers with tunable lasing wavelength. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1608-1615. [PMID: 33439198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasing particles are emerging tools for amplifying light-matter interactions at the biointerface by exploiting its strong intensity and miniaturized size. Recent advances in implementing laser particles into living cells and tissues have opened a new frontier in biological imaging, monitoring, and tracking. Despite remarkable progress in micro- and nanolasers, lasing particles with surface functionality remain challenging due to the low mode-volume while maintaining a high Q-factor. Herein, we report the novel concept of bioresponsive microlasers by exploiting interfacial energy transfer based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microdroplet cavities. Lasing wavelengths were manipulated by energy transfer-induced changes of a gain spectrum resulting from the binding molecular concentrations at the cavity surface. Both protein-based and enzymatic-based interactions were demonstrated, shedding light on the development of functional microlasers. Finally, tunable lasing wavelengths over a broad spectral range were achieved by selecting different donor/acceptor pairs. This study not only opens new avenues for biodetection, but also provides deep insights into how molecules modulate laser light at the biointerface, laying the foundation for the development of smart bio-photonic devices at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Chen F, Si P, de la Zerda A, Jokerst JV, Myung D. Gold nanoparticles to enhance ophthalmic imaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:367-390. [PMID: 33057463 PMCID: PMC8063223 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of gold nanoparticles as diagnostic tools is burgeoning, especially in the cancer community with a focus on theranostic applications to both cancer diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles have also demonstrated great potential for use in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology. Although many ophthalmic imaging modalities are available, there is still a considerable unmet need, in particular for ophthalmic molecular imaging for the early detection of eye disease before morphological changes are more grossly visible. An understanding of how gold nanoparticles are leveraged in other fields could inform new ways they could be utilized in ophthalmology. In this paper, we review current ophthalmic imaging techniques and then identify optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as the most promising technologies amenable to the use of gold nanoparticles for molecular imaging. Within this context, the development of gold nanoparticles as OCT and PAI contrast agents are reviewed, with the most recent developments described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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38
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Zheng P, Kang J, Paria D, Kang JU, Barman I. Molecular Radiative Energy Shifts under Strong Oscillating Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007244. [PMID: 33354911 PMCID: PMC8099018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent manipulation of light-matter interactions is pivotal to the advancement of nanophotonics. Conventionally, the non-resonant optical Stark effect is harnessed for band engineering by intense laser pumping. However, this method is hindered by the transient Stark shifts and the high-energy laser pumping which, by itself, is precluded as a nanoscale optical source due to light diffraction. As an analog of photons in a laser, surface plasmons are uniquely positioned to coherently interact with matter through near-field coupling, thereby, providing a potential source of electric fields. Herein, the first demonstration of plasmonic Stark effect is reported and attributed to a newly uncovered energy-bending mechanism. As a complementary approach to the optical Stark effect, it is envisioned that the plasmonic Stark effect will advance fundamental understanding of coherent light-matter interactions and will also provide new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic tools, such as ultrafast all-optical switches and biological nanoprobes at lower light power levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21231, United States
| | - Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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39
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Shakeri-Zadeh A, Zareyi H, Sheervalilou R, Laurent S, Ghaznavi H, Samadian H. Gold nanoparticle-mediated bubbles in cancer nanotechnology. J Control Release 2020; 330:49-60. [PMID: 33340564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) have been extensively investigated in the field of biomedicine for the past few decades. Ultrasound and laser are the most frequently used sources of energy to produce MBs. Traditional acoustic methods induce MBs with poor localized areas of action. A high energy level is required to generate MBs through the focused continuous laser, which can be harmful to healthy tissues. As an alternative, plasmonic light-responsive nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are preferably used with continuous laser to decrease the energy threshold and reduce the bubbles area of action. It is also well-known that the utilization of the pulsed lasers instead of the continuous lasers decreases the needed AuNPs doses as well as laser power threshold. When well-confined bubbles are generated in biological environments, they play their own unique mechanical and optical roles. The collapse of a bubble can mechanically affect its surrounding area. Such a capability can be used for cargo delivery to cancer cells and cell surgery, destruction, and transfection. Moreover, the excellent ability of light scattering makes the bubbles suitable for cancer imaging. This review firstly provides an overview of the fundamental aspects of AuNPs-mediated bubbles and then their emerging applications in the field of cancer nanotechnology will be reviewed. Although the pre-clinical studies on the AuNP-mediated bubbles have shown promising data, it seems that this technique would not be applicable to every kind of cancer. The clinical application of this technique may basically be limited to the good accessible lesions like the superficial, intracavity and intraluminal tumors. The other essential challenges against the clinical translation of AuNP-mediated bubbles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Zareyi
- Department of Solid State, Faculty of Physics, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZaUMS), Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, University of Mons, Mons B-7000, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZaUMS), Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Kim Y, Park BJ, Kim M, Jin YH, Park NR, Kim MK. Light Engineering in Nanometer Space. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003051. [PMID: 33043504 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in photonic integrated circuit technology, similar to the development of electronic integrated circuits. However, the miniaturization of cavity resonators, which are the essential components of photonic circuits, still requires considerable improvement. Over the past decades, various optical cavities have been utilized to implement next-generation light sources in photonic circuits with low energy, high data traffic, and integrable physical sizes. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to reduce the size of most commercialized cavities beyond the diffraction limit while maintaining high performance. Herein, recent advancements in subwavelength metallic cavities that can improve performance, even with the use of lossy plasmonic modes, are reviewed. The discussion is divided in three parts according to light engineering methods: subwavelength metal-clad cavities engineered using intermediate dielectric cladding; implementation of plasmonic cavities and waveguides using plasmonic crystals; and development of deep-subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and cavities using geometric engineering. A direction for further developments in photonic integrated circuit technology is also discussed, along with its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushin Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyuk Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ki Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Liang Y, Li C, Huang YZ, Zhang Q. Plasmonic Nanolasers in On-Chip Light Sources: Prospects and Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14375-14390. [PMID: 33119269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic nanolaser is a class of lasers with the physical dimensions free from the optical diffraction limit. In the past decade, progress in performance, applications, and mechanisms of plasmonic nanolasers has increased dramatically. We review this advance and offer our prospectives on the remaining challenges ahead, concentrating on the integration with nanochips. In particular, we focus on the qualifications for electrical pumping, energy consumption, and ultrafast modulation. At last, we evaluate the strategies for on-chip source construction design and further threshold reduction to achieve a long-term room-temperature electrically pumped plasmonic nanolaser, the ultimate goal toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102866. [PMID: 33028044 PMCID: PMC7650582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might improve patient survival. However, most efforts have been made to test CTCs in blood only. Here, we explored the clinically relevant photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry for early in vivo detection of lymphatic CTCs using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer mouse models. We demonstrated the presence of detectable lymphatic CTCs at pre-metastatic disease, estimated correlation between CTCs, primary tumor, and metastasis, and observed parallel CTC dissemination by blood and lymph. Our findings suggest the use of lymphatic CTC testing in vivo as a new indicator of metastasis initiation, and combined assessment of two body fluids as a more promising diagnostic platform compared to existing mono-detection of blood CTCs. Abstract The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by lymph fluid is one of the key events in the development of tumor metastasis. However, little progress has been made in studying lymphatic CTCs (L-CTCs). Here, we demonstrate the detection of L-CTCs in preclinical mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer using in vivo high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. We discovered that L-CTCs are be detected in pre-metastatic disease stage. The smallest primary tumor that shed L-CTCs was measured as 0.094mm×0.094mm, its volume was calculated as 0.0004 mm3; and its productivity was estimated as 1 L-CTC per 30 minutes. As the disease progressed, primary tumors continued releasing L-CTCs with certain individual dynamics. The integrated assessment of lymph and blood underlined the parallel dissemination of CTCs at all disease stages. However, the analysis of links between L-CTC counts, blood CTC (B-CTC) counts, primary tumor size and metastasis did not reveal statistically significant correlations, likely due to L-CTC heterogeneity. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of our diagnostic platform using photoacoustic flow cytometry for preclinical L-CTC research with translational potential. Our findings also demonstrated new insights into lymphatic system involvement in CTC dissemination. They help to lay the scientific foundation for the consideration of L-CTCs as prognostic markers of metastasis and to emphasize the integrative assessment of lymph and blood.
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Hsieh YH, Hsu BW, Peng KN, Lee KW, Chu CW, Chang SW, Lin HW, Yen TJ, Lu YJ. Perovskite Quantum Dot Lasing in a Gap-Plasmon Nanocavity with Ultralow Threshold. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11670-11676. [PMID: 32701270 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite materials have recently received considerable attention for achieving an economic and tunable laser owing to their solution-processable feature and promising optical properties. However, most reported perovskite-based lasers operate with a large lasing-mode volume, resulting in a high lasing threshold due to the inefficient coupling between the optical gain medium and cavity. Here, we demonstrate a continuous-wave nanolasing from a single lead halide perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dot (PQD) in a plasmonic gap-mode nanocavity with an ultralow threshold of 1.9 Wcm-2 under 120 K. The calculated ultrasmall mode volume (∼0.002 λ3) with a z-polarized dipole and the significantly large Purcell enhancement at the corner of the nanocavity inside the gap dramatically enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanocavity, thus facilitating lasing. The demonstration of PQD nanolasing with an ultralow-threshold provides an approach for realizing on-chip electrically driven lasing and integration into on-chip plasmonic circuitry for ultrafast optical communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ning Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Yang ZQ, Shao ZK, Chen HZ, Mao XR, Ma RM. Spin-Momentum-Locked Edge Mode for Topological Vortex Lasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:013903. [PMID: 32678624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin-momentum locking is a direct consequence of bulk topological order and provides a basic concept to control a carrier's spin and charge flow for new exotic phenomena in condensed matter physics. However, up to date the research on spin-momentum locking solely focuses on its in-plane transport properties. Here, we report an emerging out-of-plane radiation feature of spin-momentum locking in a non-Hermitian topological photonic system and demonstrate a high performance topological vortex laser based on it. We find that the gain saturation effect lifts the degeneracy of the paired counterpropagating spin-momentum-locked edge modes enabling lasing from a single topological edge mode. The near-field spin and orbital angular momentum of the topological edge mode lasing has a one-to-one far-field radiation correspondence. The methodology of probing the near-field topology feature by far-field lasing emission can be used to study other exotic phenomena. The device can lead to applications in superresolution imaging, optical tweezers, free-space optical sensing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qian Yang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Kai Shao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rui Mao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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45
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Quantum Leap from Gold and Silver to Aluminum Nanoplasmonics for Enhanced Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been used in many biosensing and medical applications, in the form of noble metal (gold and silver) nanoparticles and nanostructured substrates. However, the translational clinical and industrial applications still need improvements of the efficiency, selectivity, cost, toxicity, reproducibility, and morphological control at the nanoscale level. In this review, we highlight the recent progress that has been made in the replacement of expensive gold and silver metals with the less expensive aluminum. In addition to low cost, other advantages of the aluminum plasmonic nanostructures include a broad spectral range from deep UV to near IR, providing additional signal enhancement and treatment mechanisms. New synergistic treatments of bacterial infections, cancer, and coronaviruses are envisioned. Coupling with gain media and quantum optical effects improve the performance of the aluminum nanostructures beyond gold and silver.
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46
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Azzam SI, Kildishev AV, Ma RM, Ning CZ, Oulton R, Shalaev VM, Stockman MI, Xu JL, Zhang X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:90. [PMID: 32509297 PMCID: PMC7248101 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. Azzam
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rupert Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yang X, Shan Z, Luo Z, Hu X, Liu H, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shoaib M, Qu J, Yi X, Wang X, Zhu X, Liu Y, Liao L, Wang X, Chen S, Pan A. An Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Nanoribbon Laser. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3397-3404. [PMID: 32052962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale laser sources with downscaled device footprint, high energy efficiency, and high operation speed are pivotal for a wide array of optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications ranging from on-chip interconnects, nanospectroscopy, and sensing to optical communication. The capability of on-demand lasing output with reversible and continuous wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range enables key functionalities in wavelength-division multiplexing and finely controlled light-matter interaction, which remains an important subject under intense research. In this study, we demonstrate an electrically controlled wavelength-tunable laser based on a CdS nanoribbon (NR) structure. Typical "S"-shaped characteristics of pump power dependence were observed for dominant lasing lines, with concomitant line width narrowing. By applying an increased bias voltage across the NR device, the lasing resonance exhibits a continuous tuning from 510 to 520 nm for a bias field in the range 0-15.4 kV/cm. Systematic bias-dependent absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed, revealing a red-shifted band edge of gain medium and prolonged PL lifetime with increased electric field over the device. Both current-induced thermal reduction of the band gap and the Franz-Keldysh effect were identified to account for the modification of the lasing profile, with the former factor playing the leading role. Furthermore, dynamical switching of NR lasing was successfully demonstrated, yielding a modulation ratio up to ∼21 dB. The electrically tuned wavelength-reversible CdS NR laser in this work, therefore, presents an important step toward color-selective coherent emitters for future chip-based nanophotonic and optoelectronic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Shan
- Computer and Information Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Cheng SB, Wang M, Zhang C, Chen MM, Wang YK, Tian S, Zhan N, Dong WG, Xie M, Huang WH. Flexible Three-Dimensional Net for Intravascular Fishing of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5447-5455. [PMID: 32162513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for in vitro isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) fail to detect extremely rare CTCs heterogeneously distributed in blood. It is possible to devise methods for in vivo capture of CTCs based on processing almost all of the blood in the human body to improve detection sensitivity, but the complicated manipulation, biosafety concerns, and limited capture efficiency of conventional detection strategies prohibit their implementation in the clinic. Herein, we present a flexible three-dimensional (3-D) CTC-Net probe for intravascular collection of CTCs. The CTC-Net, consisting of a 3-D elastic scaffold with an interconnected, spatially distributed network accommodates a large quantity of immobilized antibodies and provides an enhanced substrate-cell contact frequency, which results in an enhanced capture efficiency and effective detection of heterogeneous CTCs. The as-prepared CTC-Net can be readily compressed and injected into blood vessels and fully unfolded to form a 3-D "fishing-net" structure for capture of the CTCs, and then retracted for imaging and downstream gene analysis of the captured CTCs. Significant advantages for the CTC-Net over currently available in vitro and in vivo procedures are demonstrated for detection of extremely rare CTCs from wild-type rats and successful capture of CTCs and CTC clusters before metastasis in the case of tumor-bearing rats. Our research demonstrates for the first time the use of a 3-D scaffold CTC-Net probe for in vivo capture of CTCs. The method shows exceptional performance for cell capture, which is readily implemented and holds great potential in the clinic for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Ke Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Min Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Identifying Metastatic Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051696. [PMID: 32121639 PMCID: PMC7084665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality represents the complex and multistage process. The entrance of tumor cells into the blood vessels and the appearance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seeding and colonizing distant tissues and organs are one of the key stages in the metastatic cascade. Like the primary tumor, CTCs are extremely heterogeneous and presented by clusters and individual cells which consist of phenotypically and genetically distinct subpopulations. However, among this diversity, only a small number of CTCs is able to survive in the bloodstream and to form metastases. The identification of the metastasis-initiating CTCs is believed to be a critical issue in developing therapeutic strategies against metastatic disease. In this review, we summarize the available literature addressing morphological, phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of CTCs and the molecular makeup of specific subpopulations associated with BC metastasis. Special attention is paid to the need for in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of metastasis-associating CTCs. Finally, we consider treatment approaches that could be effective to eradicate metastatic CTCs and to prevent metastasis.
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50
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Gao Z, Wang JH, Song P, Kang B, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Spaser Nanoparticles for Ultranarrow Bandwidth STED Super-Resolution Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907233. [PMID: 31957100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy, as a powerful tool of seeing abundant spatial details, typically can only distinguish a few distinct targets at a time due to the spectral crosstalk between fluorophores. Spaser (i.e., surface plasmon laser) nanoprobes, which confine lasing emission into nanoscale, offer an opportunity to eliminate such obstacle. Here, realized is narrow band stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy on spaser nanoparticles by collecting the coherent spasing signals. Demonstrated are the physics concept and feasibility of erasing spaser emission by using a depletion beam to suppress the population inversion, which lays the foundation of spaser-based STED super-resolution. Thanks to the small size (47 nm) and narrow spectral linewidth (3.8 nm) of the spaser nanoparticles, a 74 nm spatial resolution in STED imaging within an acquisition bandwidth of 10 nm is finally obtained. These spaser nanoparticles, if multiplexing with different wavelengths, in principle, allow for spectral-multiplexed imaging, sensing, cytometry, and light operation of a large number of targets all at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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