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Ishiguro KI. Mechanisms of meiosis initiation and meiotic prophase progression during spermatogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101282. [PMID: 38797021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Meiosis is a critical step for spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Meiosis commences with pre-meiotic S phase that is subsequently followed by meiotic prophase. The meiotic prophase is characterized by the meiosis-specific chromosomal events such as chromosome recombination and homolog synapsis. Meiosis initiator (MEIOSIN) and stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) initiate meiosis by activating the meiotic genes by installing the meiotic prophase program at pre-meiotic S phase. This review highlights the mechanisms of meiotic initiation and meiotic prophase progression from the point of the gene expression program and its relevance to infertility. Furthermore, upstream pathways that regulate meiotic initiation will be discussed in the context of spermatogenic development, indicating the sexual differences in the mode of meiotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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2
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Pfaltzgraff NG, Liu B, de Rooij DG, Page DC, Mikedis MM. Destabilization of mRNAs enhances competence to initiate meiosis in mouse spermatogenic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.20.557439. [PMID: 37781613 PMCID: PMC10541148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.557439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The specialized cell cycle of meiosis transforms diploid germ cells into haploid gametes. In mammals, diploid spermatogenic cells acquire the competence to initiate meiosis in response to retinoic acid. Previous mouse studies revealed that MEIOC interacts with RNA-binding proteins YTHDC2 and RBM46 to repress mitotic genes and promote robust meiotic gene expression in spermatogenic cells that have initiated meiosis. Here, we used the enhanced resolution of scRNA-seq, and bulk RNA-seq of developmentally synchronized spermatogenesis, to define how MEIOC molecularly supports early meiosis in spermatogenic cells. We demonstrate that MEIOC mediates transcriptomic changes before meiotic initiation, earlier than previously appreciated. MEIOC, acting with YTHDC2 and RBM46, destabilizes its mRNA targets, including transcriptional repressors E2f6 and Mga , in mitotic spermatogonia. MEIOC thereby derepresses E2F6- and MGA-repressed genes, including Meiosin and other meiosis-associated genes. This confers on spermatogenic cells the molecular competence to, in response to retinoic acid, fully activate transcriptional regulator STRA8-MEIOSIN, required for the meiotic G1/S phase transition and meiotic gene expression. We conclude that in mice, mRNA decay mediated by MEIOC-YTHDC2-RBM46 enhances the competence of spermatogenic cells to initiate meiosis. SUMMARY STATEMENT RNA-binding complex MEIOC-YTHDC2-RBM46 destabilizes its mRNA targets, including transcriptional repressors. This activity facilitates the retinoic acid-dependent activation of Meiosin gene expression and transition into meiosis.
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3
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Suzuki A, Uranishi K, Nishimoto M, Mizuno Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Eisenman RN, Okuda A. MAX controls meiotic entry in sexually undifferentiated germ cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5236. [PMID: 38433229 PMCID: PMC10909893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs physiologically only in germ cells. We previously demonstrated that MYC-associated factor X (MAX) blocks the ectopic onset of meiosis in embryonic and germline stem cells in culture systems. Here, we investigated the Max gene's role in mouse primordial germ cells. Although Max is generally ubiquitously expressed, we revealed that sexually undifferentiated male and female germ cells had abundant MAX protein because of their higher Max gene expression than somatic cells. Moreover, our data revealed that this high MAX protein level in female germ cells declined significantly around physiological meiotic onset. Max disruption in sexually undifferentiated germ cells led to ectopic and precocious expression of meiosis-related genes, including Meiosin, the gatekeeper of meiotic onset, in both male and female germ cells. However, Max-null male and female germ cells did not complete the entire meiotic process, but stalled during its early stages and were eventually eliminated by apoptosis. Additionally, our meta-analyses identified a regulatory region that supports the high Max expression in sexually undifferentiated male and female germ cells. These results indicate the strong connection between the Max gene and physiological onset of meiosis in vivo through dynamic alteration of its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Suzuki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kousuke Uranishi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishimoto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mizuno
- Division of Morphological Science, Biomedical Research Center, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan.
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4
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Dong L, Liao H, Zhao L, Wang J, Wang C, Wang B, Sun Y, Xu L, Xia Y, Ling S, Lou X, Qin J. A functional crosstalk between the H3K9 methylation writers and their reader HP1 in safeguarding embryonic stem cell identity. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1775-1792. [PMID: 37703822 PMCID: PMC10545489 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, as a hallmark of heterochromatin, has a central role in cell lineage and fate determination. Although evidence of a cooperation between H3K9 methylation writers and their readers has started to emerge, their actual interplay remains elusive. Here, we show that loss of H3K9 methylation readers, the Hp1 family, causes reduced expression of H3K9 methyltransferases, and that this subsequently leads to the exit of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from pluripotency and a reciprocal gain of lineage-specific characteristics. Importantly, the phenotypes of Hp1-null ESCs can be rescued by ectopic expression of Setdb1, Nanog, and Oct4. Furthermore, Setdb1 ablation results in loss of ESC identity, which is accompanied by a reduction in the expression of Hp1 genes. Together, our data support a model in which the safeguarding of ESC identity involves the cooperation between the H3K9 methylation writers and their readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaqi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shizhang Ling
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Yijishan Hospital) of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Xin Lou
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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5
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Xu R, Zhu Q, Zhao Y, Chen M, Yang L, Shen S, Yang G, Shi Z, Zhang X, Shi Q, Kou X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Jiang C, Li C, Gao S, Liu X. Unreprogrammed H3K9me3 prevents minor zygotic genome activation and lineage commitment in SCNT embryos. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4807. [PMID: 37558707 PMCID: PMC10412629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can be used to reprogram differentiated somatic cells to a totipotent state but has poor efficiency in supporting full-term development. H3K9me3 is considered to be an epigenetic barrier to zygotic genomic activation in 2-cell SCNT embryos. However, the mechanism underlying the failure of H3K9me3 reprogramming during SCNT embryo development remains elusive. Here, we perform genome-wide profiling of H3K9me3 in cumulus cell-derived SCNT embryos. We find redundant H3K9me3 marks are closely related to defective minor zygotic genome activation. Moreover, SCNT blastocysts show severely indistinct lineage-specific H3K9me3 deposition. We identify MAX and MCRS1 as potential H3K9me3-related transcription factors and are essential for early embryogenesis. Overexpression of Max and Mcrs1 significantly benefits SCNT embryo development. Notably, MCRS1 partially rescues lineage-specific H3K9me3 allocation, and further improves the efficiency of full-term development. Importantly, our data confirm the conservation of deficient H3K9me3 differentiation in Sertoli cell-derived SCNT embryos, which may be regulated by alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyue Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Shen
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Shi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Odroniec A, Olszewska M, Kurpisz M. Epigenetic markers in the embryonal germ cell development and spermatogenesis. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:6. [PMID: 36814207 PMCID: PMC9948345 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process of generation of male reproductive cells from spermatogonial stem cells in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur, leading to sperm cell production. All the mentioned events are at least partially controlled by the epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Additionally, during embryonal development in primordial germ cells, global epigenetic reprogramming of DNA occurs. In this review, we summarized the most important epigenetic modifications in the particular stages of germ cell development, in DNA and histone proteins, starting from primordial germ cells, during embryonal development, and ending with histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeusz Odroniec
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
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7
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Al Adhami H, Vallet J, Schaal C, Schumacher P, Bardet AF, Dumas M, Chicher J, Hammann P, Daujat S, Weber M. Systematic identification of factors involved in the silencing of germline genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3130-3149. [PMID: 36772830 PMCID: PMC10123117 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, many germline genes are epigenetically repressed to prevent their illegitimate expression in somatic cells. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms restricting the expression of germline genes, we analyzed their chromatin signature and performed a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out screen for genes involved in germline gene repression using a Dazl-GFP reporter system in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We show that the repression of germline genes mainly depends on the polycomb complex PRC1.6 and DNA methylation, which function additively in mESCs. Furthermore, we validated novel genes involved in the repression of germline genes and characterized three of them: Usp7, Shfm1 (also known as Sem1) and Erh. Inactivation of Usp7, Shfm1 or Erh led to the upregulation of germline genes, as well as retrotransposons for Shfm1, in mESCs. Mechanistically, USP7 interacts with PRC1.6 components, promotes PRC1.6 stability and presence at germline genes, and facilitates DNA methylation deposition at germline gene promoters for long term repression. Our study provides a global view of the mechanisms and novel factors required for silencing germline genes in embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Al Adhami
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Judith Vallet
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Celia Schaal
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Paul Schumacher
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IAB, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anaïs Flore Bardet
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Michael Dumas
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Daujat
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Michael Weber
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
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8
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Guzmán-Jiménez A, González-Muñoz S, Cerván-Martín M, Rivera-Egea R, Garrido N, Luján S, Santos-Ribeiro S, Castilla JA, Gonzalvo MC, Clavero A, Vicente FJ, Maldonado V, Villegas-Salmerón J, Burgos M, Jiménez R, Pinto MG, Pereira I, Nunes J, Sánchez-Curbelo J, López-Rodrigo O, Pereira-Caetano I, Marques PI, Carvalho F, Barros A, Bassas L, Seixas S, Gonçalves J, Lopes AM, Larriba S, Palomino-Morales RJ, Carmona FD, Bossini-Castillo L. Contribution of TEX15 genetic variants to the risk of developing severe non-obstructive oligozoospermia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1089782. [PMID: 36589743 PMCID: PMC9797780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1089782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe spermatogenic failure (SPGF) represents one of the most relevant causes of male infertility. This pathological condition can lead to extreme abnormalities in the seminal sperm count, such as severe oligozoospermia (SO) or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Most cases of SPGF have an unknown aetiology, and it is known that this idiopathic form of male infertility represents a complex condition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether common genetic variation in TEX15, which encodes a key player in spermatogenesis, is involved in the susceptibility to idiopathic SPGF. Materials and Methods: We designed a genetic association study comprising a total of 727 SPGF cases (including 527 NOA and 200 SO) and 1,058 unaffected men from the Iberian Peninsula. Following a tagging strategy, three tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TEX15 (rs1362912, rs323342, and rs323346) were selected for genotyping using TaqMan probes. Case-control association tests were then performed by logistic regression models. In silico analyses were also carried out to shed light into the putative functional implications of the studied variants. Results: A significant increase in TEX15-rs1362912 minor allele frequency (MAF) was observed in the group of SO patients (MAF = 0.0842) compared to either the control cohort (MAF = 0.0468, OR = 1.90, p = 7.47E-03) or the NOA group (MAF = 0.0472, OR = 1.83, p = 1.23E-02). The genotype distribution of the SO population was also different from those of both control (p = 1.14E-02) and NOA groups (p = 4.33-02). The analysis of functional annotations of the human genome suggested that the effect of the SO-associated TEX15 variants is likely exerted by alteration of the binding affinity of crucial transcription factors for spermatogenesis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that common variation in TEX15 is involved in the genetic predisposition to SO, thus supporting the notion of idiopathic SPGF as a complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guzmán-Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Sara González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miriam Cerván-Martín
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Rivera-Egea
- Andrology Laboratory and Sperm Bank, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain,IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Saturnino Luján
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Santos-Ribeiro
- IVI-RMA Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A. Castilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain,CEIFER Biobanco—GAMETIA, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Gonzalvo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Clavero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - F. Javier Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,UGC de Urología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Maldonado
- UGC de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Javier Villegas-Salmerón
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Graça Pinto
- Centro de Medicina Reprodutiva, Maternidade Alfredo da Costa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira
- Departamento de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Nunes
- Departamento de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josvany Sánchez-Curbelo
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga López-Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Pereira-Caetano
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia Isabel Marques
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carvalho
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Serviço de Genética, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Serviço de Genética, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lluís Bassas
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Seixas
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,ToxOmics—Centro de Toxicogenómica e Saúde Humana, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. Lopes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,CGPP-IBMC—Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Larriba
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogelio J. Palomino-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F. David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,*Correspondence: F. David Carmona, ; Lara Bossini-Castillo,
| | - Lara Bossini-Castillo
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,*Correspondence: F. David Carmona, ; Lara Bossini-Castillo,
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9
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Li L, Li P, Chen J, Li L, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Lv L, Mao S, Chen F, Hu G, Yuan K. Rif1 interacts with non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6 to regulate mouse embryonic stem cells fate potential. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35915272 PMCID: PMC9343540 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cycle in and out of a transient 2-cell (2C)-like totipotent state, driven by a complex genetic circuit involves both the coding and repetitive sections of the genome. While a vast array of regulators, including the multi-functional protein Rif1, has been reported to influence the switch of fate potential, how they act in concert to achieve this cellular plasticity remains elusive. Here, by modularizing the known totipotency regulatory factors, we identify an unprecedented functional connection between Rif1 and the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. Downregulation of the expression of either Rif1 or PRC1.6 subunits imposes similar impacts on the transcriptome of mESCs. The LacO-LacI induced ectopic colocalization assay detects a specific interaction between Rif1 and Pcgf6, bolstering the intactness of the PRC1.6 complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis further reveals that Rif1 is required for the accurate targeting of Pcgf6 to a group of genomic loci encompassing many genes involved in the regulation of the 2C-like state. Depletion of Rif1 or Pcgf6 not only activates 2C genes such as Zscan4 and Zfp352, but also derepresses a group of the endogenous retroviral element MERVL, a key marker for totipotency. Collectively, our findings discover that Rif1 can serve as a novel auxiliary component in the PRC1.6 complex to restrain the genetic circuit underlying totipotent fate potential, shedding new mechanistic insights into its function in regulating the cellular plasticity of embryonic stem cells.
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10
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De Novo Polycomb Recruitment and Repressive Domain Formation. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6030025. [PMID: 35997371 PMCID: PMC9397058 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell of an organism shares the same genome; even so, each cellular lineage owns a different transcriptome and proteome. The Polycomb group proteins (PcG) are essential regulators of gene repression patterning during development and homeostasis. However, it is unknown how the repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, identify their targets and elicit new Polycomb domains during cell differentiation. Classical recruitment models consider the pre-existence of repressive histone marks; still, de novo target binding overcomes the absence of both H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub. The CpG islands (CGIs), non-core proteins, and RNA molecules are involved in Polycomb recruitment. Nonetheless, it is unclear how de novo targets are identified depending on the physiological context and developmental stage and which are the leading players stabilizing Polycomb complexes at domain nucleation sites. Here, we examine the features of de novo sites and the accessory elements bridging its recruitment and discuss the first steps of Polycomb domain formation and transcriptional regulation, comprehended by the experimental reconstruction of the repressive domains through time-resolved genomic analyses in mammals.
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11
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Kitamura Y, Suzuki A, Uranishi K, Nishimoto M, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Okuda A. Alternative splicing for germ cell‐specific
Mga
transcript can be eliminated without compromising mouse viability or fertility. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:409-416. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kitamura
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
| | - Ayumu Suzuki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
| | - Kousuke Uranishi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishimoto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
- Biomedical Research Center Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine Saitama Medical University, 1397‐1 Yamane, Hidaka Saitama Japan
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12
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Bonefas KM, Iwase S. Soma-to-germline transformation in chromatin-linked neurodevelopmental disorders? FEBS J 2022; 289:2301-2317. [PMID: 34514717 PMCID: PMC8918023 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in numerous chromatin regulators cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with unknown mechanisms. Understandably, most research has focused on how chromatin regulators control gene expression that is directly relevant to brain development and function, such as synaptic genes. However, some NDD models surprisingly show ectopic expression of germline genes in the brain. These germline genes are usually expressed only in the primordial germ cells, testis, and ovaries for germ cell development and sexual reproduction. Such ectopic germline gene expression has been reported in several NDDs, including immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, facial anomalies syndrome 1; Kleefstra syndrome 1; MeCP2 duplication syndrome; and mental retardation, X-linked syndromic, Claes-Jensen type. The responsible genes, DNMT3B, G9A/GLP, MECP2, and KDM5C, all encode chromatin regulators for gene silencing. These mutations may therefore lead to germline gene derepression and, in turn, a severe identity crisis of brain cells-potentially interfering with normal brain development. Thus, the ectopic expression of germline genes is a unique hallmark defining this NDD subset and further implicates the importance of germline gene silencing during brain development. The functional impact of germline gene expression on brain development, however, remains undetermined. This perspective article explores how this apparent soma-to-germline transformation arises and how it may interfere with neurodevelopment through genomic instability and impaired sensory cilium formation. Furthermore, we also discuss how to test these hypotheses experimentally to ultimately determine the contribution of ectopic germline transcripts to chromatin-linked NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Bonefas
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program,Corresponding authors: Please address correspondence to: , and
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program,Corresponding authors: Please address correspondence to: , and
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13
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Lactate Activates Germline and Cleavage Embryo Genes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030548. [PMID: 35159357 PMCID: PMC8833948 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate was recently found to mediate histone lysine lactylation and facilitate polarization of M1 macrophages, indicating its role in metabolic regulation of gene expression. During somatic cell reprogramming, lactate promotes histone lactylation of pluripotency genes and improves reprogramming efficiency. However, the function of lactate in cell fate control in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that lactate supplementation activated germline genes in mouse ESCs. Lactate also induced global upregulation of cleavage embryo genes, such as members of the Zscan4 gene family. Further exploration demonstrated that lactate stimulated H3K18 lactylation accumulation on germline and cleavage embryo genes, which in turn promoted transcriptional elongation. Our findings indicated that lactate supplementation expanded the transcriptional network in mouse ESCs.
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14
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Chen J, Gao C, Lin X, Ning Y, He W, Zheng C, Zhang D, Yan L, Jiang B, Zhao Y, Hossen MA, Han C. The microRNA miR-202 prevents precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation during mouse spermatogenesis. Development 2021; 148:273742. [PMID: 34913465 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation during spermatogenesis are tightly regulated by a number of genes, including those encoding enzymes for miRNA biogenesis. However, whether and how single miRNAs regulate these processes remain unclear. Here, we report that miR-202, a member of the let-7 family, prevents precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation in spermatogenesis by regulating the timely expression of many genes, including those for key regulators such as STRA8 and DMRT6. In miR-202 knockout (KO) mice, the undifferentiated spermatogonial pool is reduced, accompanied by age-dependent decline of fertility. In KO mice, SYCP3, STRA8 and DMRT6 are expressed earlier than in wild-type littermates, and Dmrt6 mRNA is a direct target of miR-202-5p. Moreover, the precocious spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation were also observed in KO spermatogonial stem cells when cultured and induced in vitro, and could be partially rescued by the knockdown of Dmrt6. Therefore, we have not only shown that miR-202 is a regulator of meiotic initiation but also identified a previously unknown module in the underlying regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 Anhui, China
| | - Binjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md Alim Hossen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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p53 inactivation unmasks histone methylation-independent WDR5 functions that drive self-renewal and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2642-2658. [PMID: 34715053 PMCID: PMC8581203 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 alterations occur during culture of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), but the significance of these events on epigenetic control of PSC fate determination remains poorly understood. Wdr5 deletion in p53-null (DKO) mouse ESCs (mESCs) leads to impaired self-renewal, defective retinal neuroectoderm differentiation, and de-repression of germ cell/meiosis (GCM)-specific genes. Re-introduction of a WDR5 mutant with defective H3K4 methylation activity into DKO ESCs restored self-renewal and suppressed GCM gene expression but failed to induce retinal neuroectoderm differentiation. Mechanistically, mutant WDR5 targets chromatin that is largely devoid of H3K4me3 and regulates gene expression in p53-null mESCs. Furthermore, MAX and WDR5 co-target lineage-specifying chromatin and regulate chromatin accessibility of GCM-related genes. Importantly, MAX and WDR5 are core subunits of a non-canonical polycomb repressor complex 1 responsible for gene silencing. This function, together with canonical, pro-transcriptional WDR5-dependent MLL complex H3K4 methyltransferase activity, highlight how WDR5 mediates crosstalk between transcription and repression during mESC fate choice. H3K4me defective WDR5 supports self-renewal and GCM differentiation in p53-null mESCs WDR5 regulates H3K4me-independent stemness and GCM gene expression in p53-null mESCs MAX and WDR5 repress GCM-related gene chromatin accessibility upon differentiation
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16
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Mathsyaraja H, Catchpole J, Freie B, Eastwood E, Babaeva E, Geuenich M, Cheng PF, Ayers J, Yu M, Wu N, Moorthi S, Poudel KR, Koehne A, Grady W, Houghton AM, Berger AH, Shiio Y, MacPherson D, Eisenman RN. Loss of MGA repression mediated by an atypical polycomb complex promotes tumor progression and invasiveness. eLife 2021; 10:e64212. [PMID: 34236315 PMCID: PMC8266391 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MGA, a transcription factor and member of the MYC network, is mutated or deleted in a broad spectrum of malignancies. As a critical test of a tumor suppressive role, we inactivated Mga in two mouse models of non-small cell lung cancer using a CRISPR-based approach. MGA loss significantly accelerated tumor growth in both models and led to de-repression of non-canonical Polycomb ncPRC1.6 targets, including genes involved in metastasis and meiosis. Moreover, MGA deletion in human lung adenocarcinoma lines augmented invasive capabilities. We further show that MGA-MAX, E2F6, and L3MBTL2 co-occupy thousands of promoters and that MGA stabilizes these ncPRC1.6 subunits. Lastly, we report that MGA loss also induces a pro-growth effect in human colon organoids. Our studies establish MGA as a bona fide tumor suppressor in vivo and suggest a tumor suppressive mechanism in adenocarcinomas resulting from widespread transcriptional attenuation of MYC and E2F target genes mediated by MGA-MAX associated with a non-canonical Polycomb complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Mathsyaraja
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Jonathen Catchpole
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Brian Freie
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Emily Eastwood
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Ekaterina Babaeva
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Michael Geuenich
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Pei Feng Cheng
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Jessica Ayers
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Ming Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Nan Wu
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Kumud R Poudel
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Amanda Koehne
- Comparative Pathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - William Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Alice H Berger
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioUnited States
| | - David MacPherson
- Human Biology and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
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17
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Uranishi K, Hirasaki M, Kitamura Y, Mizuno Y, Nishimoto M, Suzuki A, Okuda A. Two DNA binding domains of MGA act in combination to suppress ectopic activation of meiosis-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1435-1446. [PMID: 34224650 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although the physiological meaning of the high potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for meiotic entry is not understood, a rigid safeguarding system is required to prevent ectopic onset of meiosis. PRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, is known for its suppression of precocious and ectopic meiotic onset in germ cells and ESCs, respectively. MGA, a scaffolding component of PRC1.6, bears two distinct DNA-binding domains termed bHLHZ and T-box. However, it is unclear how this feature contributes to the functions of PRC1.6. Here, we demonstrated that both domains repress distinct sets of genes in murine ESCs, but substantial numbers of meiosis-related genes are included in both gene sets. In addition, our data demonstrated that bHLHZ is crucially involved in repressing the expression of Meiosin, which plays essential roles in meiotic entry with Stra8, revealing at least part of the molecular mechanisms that link negative and positive regulation of meiotic onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Uranishi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genomics, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitamura
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mizuno
- Biomedical Research Center, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishimoto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.,Biomedical Research Center, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayumu Suzuki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Dahlet T, Truss M, Frede U, Al Adhami H, Bardet AF, Dumas M, Vallet J, Chicher J, Hammann P, Kottnik S, Hansen P, Luz U, Alvarez G, Auclair G, Hecht J, Robinson PN, Hagemeier C, Weber M. E2F6 initiates stable epigenetic silencing of germline genes during embryonic development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3582. [PMID: 34117224 PMCID: PMC8195999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse development, long-term silencing by CpG island DNA methylation is specifically targeted to germline genes; however, the molecular mechanisms of this specificity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor E2F6, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1.6 (PRC1.6), is critical to target and initiate epigenetic silencing at germline genes in early embryogenesis. Genome-wide, E2F6 binds preferentially to CpG islands in embryonic cells. E2F6 cooperates with MGA to silence a subgroup of germline genes in mouse embryonic stem cells and in embryos, a function that critically depends on the E2F6 marked box domain. Inactivation of E2f6 leads to a failure to deposit CpG island DNA methylation at these genes during implantation. Furthermore, E2F6 is required to initiate epigenetic silencing in early embryonic cells but becomes dispensable for the maintenance in differentiated cells. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms of epigenetic targeting of germline genes and provide a paradigm for how transient repression signals by DNA-binding factors in early embryonic cells are translated into long-term epigenetic silencing during mouse development. DNA methylation targets CpG island promoters of germline genes to repress their expression in mouse somatic cells. Here the authors show that a transcription factor E2F6 is required to target CpG island DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing to germline genes during early mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dahlet
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Matthias Truss
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ute Frede
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hala Al Adhami
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Anaïs F Bardet
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Michael Dumas
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Judith Vallet
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Kottnik
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hansen
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uschi Luz
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Alvarez
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghislain Auclair
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christian Hagemeier
- Pediatric Oncology, Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Weber
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France.
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19
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Chen S, Yang W, Zhang X, Jin J, Liang C, Wang J, Zhang J. Melamine induces reproductive dysfunction via down-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and downstream transcription factors Max and Sap1a in mice testes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144727. [PMID: 33736362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melamine poisoning incidents and potential health risks raise global attention. Recent studies imply that melamine exposure is related to male reproductive dysfunction, however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, 32 male Kunming mice were administered with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L melamine via drinking water for 13 weeks, respectively. Sperm quality, testicular morphology, and the mRNA expression levels of MAPK family members p38, ERK5, ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3 and their downstream transcription factors GADD153, MAX, MEF2C, CREB, c-Myc, JunD, c-JUN, Sap1a, p53, ATF-2, Elk1, and Nur77 in testes were investigated. The results revealed that low-dose melamine exposure reduced sperm quality, altered the testicular histological structure, and reduced the mRNA expression levels of p38, ERK1/2, MAX and Sap1a in the testes. The p38 and phosphorylated-p38 expressions analysis further suggested that the down-regulated phosphorylation of p38 and downstream transcription factors MAX and Sap1a play key roles in male reproductive dysfunction caused by melamine. Altogether, our study provides a new insight to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which melamine induces male reproductive toxicity, and to evaluate the health risks of melamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jiyin Jin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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20
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Ando Y, Okeyo KO, Sunaga J, Adachi T. Edge-localized alteration in pluripotency state of mouse ES cells forming topography-confined layers on designed mesh substrates. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102352. [PMID: 33901814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization of pluripotent stem cells during tissue formation is directed by the adhesion microenvironment, which defines the resulting tissue topography. Although the influence of tissue topography on pluripotency state has been inferred, this aspect of self-organization remains largely unexplored. In this study, to determine the effect of self-organized tissue topography on pluripotency loss, we designed novel island mesh substrates to confine the self-organization process of mouse embryonic stem cells, enabling us to generate isolated cell layers with an island-like topography and overhanging edges. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we determined that cells at the tissue edge exhibited deformed nuclei associated with low OCT3/4, in contrast with cells nested in the tissue interior which had round-shaped nuclei and exhibited sustained OCT3/4 expression. Interestingly, F-actin and phospho-myosin light chain were visibly enriched at the tissue edge where ERK activation and elevated AP-2γ expression were also found to be localized, as determined using both immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-qPCR analysis. Since actomyosin contractility is known to cause ERK activation, these results suggest that mechanical condition at the tissue edge can contribute to loss of pluripotency leading to differentiation. Thus, our study draws attention to the influence of self-organized tissue topography in stem cell culture and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ando
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kennedy Omondi Okeyo
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Junko Sunaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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21
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Qin J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Su T, Dong L, Huang Y, Hao K. Mga safeguards embryonic stem cells from acquiring extraembryonic endoderm fates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/4/eabe5689. [PMID: 33523934 PMCID: PMC7821913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multiprotein complexes that affect stem cell identity and fate decisions by still largely unexplored mechanisms. Here, by performing a CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we identify PcG gene Mga involved in the repression of endodermal transcription factor Gata6 We report that deletion of Mga results in peri-implantation embryonic lethality in mice. We further demonstrate that Mga-null ESCs exhibit impaired self-renewal and spontaneous differentiation to primitive endoderm (PE). Our data support a model in which Mga might serve as a scaffold for PRC1.6 assembly and guide this multimeric complex to specific genomic targets including genes that encode endodermal factors Gata4, Gata6, and Sox17. Our findings uncover an unexpected function of Mga in ESCs, where it functions as a gatekeeper to prevent ESCs from entering into the PE lineage by directly repressing expression of a set of endoderm differentiation master genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yikai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Tsusaka T, Fukuda K, Shimura C, Kato M, Shinkai Y. The fibronectin type-III (FNIII) domain of ATF7IP contributes to efficient transcriptional silencing mediated by the SETDB1 complex. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:52. [PMID: 33256805 PMCID: PMC7706265 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 (also known as ESET) represses genes and various types of transposable elements, such as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and integrated exogenous retroviruses, through a deposition of trimethylation on lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). ATF7IP (also known as MCAF1 or AM), a binding partner of SETDB1, regulates the nuclear localization and enzymatic activities of SETDB1 and plays a crucial role in SETDB1-mediated transcriptional silencing. In this study, we further dissected the ATF7IP function with its truncated mutants in Atf7ip knockout (KO) mESCs. RESULTS We demonstrated that the SETDB1-interaction region within ATF7IP is essential for ATF7IP-dependent SETDB1 nuclear localization and silencing of both ERVs and integrated retroviral transgenes, whereas its C-terminal fibronectin type-III (FNIII) domain is dispensable for both these functions; rather, it has a role in efficient silencing mediated by the SETDB1 complex. Proteomic analysis identified a number of FNIII domain-interacting proteins, some of which have a consensus binding motif. We showed that one of the FNIII domain-binding proteins, ZMYM2, was involved in the efficient silencing of a transgene by ATF7IP. RNA-seq analysis of Atf7ip KO and WT or the FNIII domain mutant of ATF7IP-rescued Atf7ip KO mESCs showed that the FNIII domain mutant re-silenced most de-repressed SETDB1/ATF7IP-targeted ERVs compared to the WT. However, the silencing activity of the FNIII domain mutant was weaker than that of the ATF7IP WT, and some of the de-repressed germ cell-related genes in Atf7ip KO mESCs were not silenced by the FNIII domain mutant. Such germ cell-related genes are targeted and silenced by the MAX/MGA complex, and MGA was also identified as another potential binding molecule of the ATF7IP FNIII domain in the proteomic analysis. This suggests that the FNIII domain of ATF7IP acts as a binding hub of ATF7IP-interacting molecules possessing a specific interacting motif we named FAM and contributes to one layer of the SETDB1/ATF7IP complex-mediated silencing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contributed to further understanding the function of ATF7IP in the SETDB1 complex, revealed the role of the FNIII domain of ATF7IP in transcriptional silencing, and suggested a potential underlying molecular mechanism for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsusaka
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, 351-0198, Japan.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kei Fukuda
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimura
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, 351-0198, Japan. .,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Cellular Memory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, 351-0198, Japan.
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23
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Zhang C, Zuo Q, Wang M, Chen H, He N, Jin J, Li T, Jiang J, Yuan X, Li J, Shi X, Zhang M, Bai H, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Cui H, Chang G, Song J, Sun H, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li B. Narrow H3K4me2 is required for chicken PGC formation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1391-1400. [PMID: 32749682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergoes epigenetic modifications. The study of histone methylation in regulating PGCs is beneficial to understand the development and differentiation mechanism of germ stem cells. Notably, it provides a theoretical basis for directed induction and mass acquisition in vitro. However, little is known about the regulation of PGC formation by histone methylation. Here, we found the high enrichment of H3K4me2 in the blastoderm, genital ridges, and testis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed and the results revealed that genomic H3K4me2 is dynamic in embryonic stem cells, PGCs, and spermatogonial stem cells. This trend was consistent with the H3K4me2 enrichment in the gene promoter region. Additionally, narrow region triggered PGC-related genes (Bmp4, Wnt5a, and Tcf7l2) and signaling pathways (Wnt and transforming growth factor-β). After knocking down histone methylase Mll2 in vitro and vivo, the level of H3K4me2 decreased, inhibiting Cvh and Blimp1 expression, then repressing the formation of PGCs. Taken together, our study revealed the whole genome map of H3K4me2 in the formation of PGCs, contributing to improve the epigenetic study in PGC formation and providing materials for bird gene editing and rescue of endangered birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nana He
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengmi Cui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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24
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Liu M, Zhu Y, Xing F, Liu S, Xia Y, Jiang Q, Qin J. The polycomb group protein PCGF6 mediates germline gene silencing by recruiting histone-modifying proteins to target gene promoters. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9712-9724. [PMID: 32482889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for maintenance of lineage fidelity by coordinating developmental gene expression programs. Polycomb group ring finger 6 (PCGF6) has been previously reported to repress expression of lineage-specific genes, especially germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via the noncanonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. However, the molecular mechanism of this repression remains largely unknown. Here, using RNA-Seq, real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and ChIP analyses, we demonstrate that PCGF6 plays an essential role in embryonic development, indicated by the partially penetrant embryonic lethality in homozygous PCGF6 (Pcgf6 -/-)-deficient mice. We also found that surviving Pcgf6-deficient mice exhibit reduced fertility. Using the Pcgf6-deficient mice, we observed that ablation of Pcgf6 in somatic tissues robustly derepresses germ cell-related genes. We further provide evidence that these genes are direct targets of PCGF6 in ESCs and that endogenous PCGF6 co-localizes with the histone-modifying proteins G9A histone methyltransferase (G9A)/G9a-like protein (GLP) and histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC1/2) on the promoters of the germ cell-related genes. Moreover, the binding of these proteins to their target genes correlated with methylation of Lys-9 of histone 3 and with the status of histone acetylation at these genes. Moreover, the recruitment of G9A/GLP and HDAC1/2 to target promoters depended on the binding of PCGF6. Our findings indicate that PCGF6 has a critical role in safeguarding lineage decisions and in preventing aberrant expression of germ cell-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Abstract
Our perception of the role of the previously considered 'selfish' or 'junk' DNA has been dramatically altered in the past 20 years or so. A large proportion of this non-coding part of mammalian genomes is repetitive in nature, classified as either satellites or transposons. While repetitive elements can be termed selfish in terms of their amplification, such events have surely been co-opted by the host, suggesting by itself a likely altruistic function for the organism at the subject of such natural selection. Indeed numerous examples of transposons regulating the functional output of the host genome have been documented. Transposons provide a powerful framework for large-scale relatively rapid concerted regulatory activities with the ability to drive evolution. Mammalian totipotency has emerged as one key stage of development in which transposon-mediated regulation of gene expression has taken centre stage in the past few years. During this period, large-scale (epigenetic) reprogramming must be accomplished in order to activate the host genome. In mice and men, one particular element murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer (MERVL) (and its counterpart human ERVL (HERVL)) appears to have acquired roles as a key driving force in this process. Here, I will discuss and interpret the current knowledge and its implications regarding the role of transposons, particularly of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1s) and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), in the regulation of totipotency. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 82152 München, Germany
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26
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Evolving Role of RING1 and YY1 Binding Protein in the Regulation of Germ-Cell-Specific Transcription. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110941. [PMID: 31752312 PMCID: PMC6895862 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation of germline cells from somatic lineages is one of the earliest decisions of embryogenesis. Genes expressed in germline cells include apoptotic and meiotic factors, which are not transcribed in the soma normally, but a number of testis-specific genes are active in numerous cancer types. During germ cell development, germ-cell-specific genes can be regulated by specific transcription factors, retinoic acid signaling and multimeric protein complexes. Non-canonical polycomb repressive complexes, like ncPRC1.6, play a critical role in the regulation of the activity of germ-cell-specific genes. RING1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) is one of the core members of the ncPRC1.6. Surprisingly, the role of Rybp in germ cell differentiation has not been defined yet. This review is focusing on the possible role of Rybp in this process. By analyzing whole-genome transcriptome alterations of the Rybp-/- embryonic stem (ES) cells and correlating this data with experimentally identified binding sites of ncPRC1.6 subunits and retinoic acid receptors in ES cells, we propose a model how germ-cell-specific transcription can be governed by an RYBP centered regulatory network, underlining the possible role of RYBP in germ cell differentiation and tumorigenesis.
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27
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Ninova M, Fejes Tóth K, Aravin AA. The control of gene expression and cell identity by H3K9 trimethylation. Development 2019; 146:dev181180. [PMID: 31540910 PMCID: PMC6803365 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is a conserved histone modification that is best known for its role in constitutive heterochromatin formation and the repression of repetitive DNA elements. More recently, it has become evident that H3K9me3 is also deposited at certain loci in a tissue-specific manner and plays important roles in regulating cell identity. Notably, H3K9me3 can repress genes encoding silencing factors, pointing to a fundamental principle of repressive chromatin auto-regulation. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that H3K9me3 deposition requires protein SUMOylation in different contexts, suggesting that the SUMO pathway functions as an important module in gene silencing and heterochromatin formation. In this Review, we discuss the role of H3K9me3 in gene regulation in various systems and the molecular mechanisms that guide the silencing machinery to target loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ninova
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 147-75, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Katalin Fejes Tóth
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 147-75, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexei A Aravin
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 147-75, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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28
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Abstract
Though genetic data suggest that Polycomb group proteins (PcGs) are central chromatin modifiers and repressors that have been implicated in control of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency, the precise mechanism of PcG complex recruitment remains elusive, especially in mammals. We now report that the first and second MBT repeats of L3mbtl2 are important structural and functional features that are necessary and sufficient for L3mbtl2-mediated recruitment of PRC1.6 complex to target promoters. Interestingly, this region of L3mbtl2 harbors the evolutionarily conserved Pho-binding pocket also present in Drosophila Sfmbt, and mutation of the critical residues within this pocket completely abolishes its interaction with target promoters. Additionally, decreased PRC1.6 chromatin occupancy was observed following loss of individual components (L3mbtl2, Pcgf6, and Max) of the complex. Our findings suggest that the recruitment of noncanonical PRC1.6 complex in ESCs might be the result of L3mbtl2's interaction with multiple components of the complex.
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29
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The diverse roles of DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:590-607. [PMID: 31399642 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1079] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is of paramount importance for mammalian embryonic development. DNA methylation has numerous functions: it is implicated in the repression of transposons and genes, but is also associated with actively transcribed gene bodies and, in some cases, with gene activation per se. In recent years, sensitive technologies have been developed that allow the interrogation of DNA methylation patterns from a small number of cells. The use of these technologies has greatly improved our knowledge of DNA methylation dynamics and heterogeneity in embryos and in specific tissues. Combined with genetic analyses, it is increasingly apparent that regulation of DNA methylation erasure and (re-)establishment varies considerably between different developmental stages. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions of DNA methylation and demethylation in both mice and humans at CpG-rich promoters, gene bodies and transposable elements. We highlight the dynamic erasure and re-establishment of DNA methylation in embryonic, germline and somatic cell development. Finally, we provide insights into DNA methylation gained from studying genetic diseases.
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Rechtsteiner A, Costello ME, Egelhofer TA, Garrigues JM, Strome S, Petrella LN. Repression of Germline Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans Somatic Tissues by H3K9 Dimethylation of Their Promoters. Genetics 2019; 212:125-140. [PMID: 30910798 PMCID: PMC6499516 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repression of germline-promoting genes in somatic cells is critical for somatic development and function. To study how germline genes are repressed in somatic tissues, we analyzed key histone modifications in three Caenorhabditis elegans synMuv B mutants, lin-15B, lin-35, and lin-37-all of which display ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. LIN-35 and LIN-37 are members of the conserved DREAM complex. LIN-15B has been proposed to work with the DREAM complex but has not been shown biochemically to be a member of the complex. We found that, in wild-type worms, synMuv B target genes and germline genes are enriched for the repressive histone modification dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at their promoters. Genes with H3K9me2 promoter localization are evenly distributed across the autosomes, not biased toward autosomal arms, as are the broad H3K9me2 domains. Both synMuv B targets and germline genes display a dramatic reduction of H3K9me2 promoter localization in lin-15B mutants, but much weaker reduction in lin-35 and lin-37 mutants. This difference between lin-15B and DREAM complex mutants likely represents a difference in molecular function for these synMuv B proteins. In support of the pivotal role of H3K9me2 in regulation of germline genes by LIN-15B, global loss of H3K9me2 but not H3K9me3 results in phenotypes similar to synMuv B mutants, high-temperature larval arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. We propose that LIN-15B-driven enrichment of H3K9me2 at promoters of germline genes contributes to repression of those genes in somatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rechtsteiner
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Meghan E Costello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Thea A Egelhofer
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Jacob M Garrigues
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Susan Strome
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Lisa N Petrella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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31
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Planells B, Gómez-Redondo I, Pericuesta E, Lonergan P, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Differential isoform expression and alternative splicing in sex determination in mice. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:202. [PMID: 30871468 PMCID: PMC6419433 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) may play an important role in gonadal sex determination (GSD) in mammals. The present study was designed to identify differentially expressed isoforms and AS modifications accompanying GSD in mice. Results Using deep RNA-sequencing, we performed a transcriptional analysis of XX and XY gonads during sex determination on embryonic days 11 (E11) and 12 (E12). Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified hundreds of genes related to GSD and early sex differentiation that may represent good candidates for sex reversal. Expression at time point E11 in males was significantly enriched in RNA splicing and mRNA processing Gene Ontology terms. Differentially expressed isoform analysis identified hundreds of specific isoforms related to GSD, many of which showed no differences in the DEG analysis. Hundreds of AS events were identified as modified at E11 and E12. Female E11 gonads featured sex-biased upregulation of intron retention (in genes related to regulation of transcription, protein phosphorylation, protein transport and mRNA splicing) and exon skipping (in genes related to chromatin repression) suggesting AS as a post-transcription mechanism that controls sex determination of the bipotential fetal gonad. Conclusion Our data suggests an important role of splicing regulatory mechanisms for sex determination in mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5572-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Planells
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel Gómez-Redondo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of gametes, are the only cells capable of acquiring totipotency upon fertilization, but the molecular mechanisms regulating germ cell characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Although intracellular metabolic status and regulation are responsible for the control of cell function and differentiation, little is known about the metabolic features of PGCs. Here, we describe use of an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and energy metabolic analysis method to comprehensively elucidate the metabolic characteristics of PGCs using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Tatsumi D, Hayashi Y, Endo M, Kobayashi H, Yoshioka T, Kiso K, Kanno S, Nakai Y, Maeda I, Mochizuki K, Tachibana M, Koseki H, Okuda A, Yasui A, Kono T, Matsui Y. DNMTs and SETDB1 function as co-repressors in MAX-mediated repression of germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205969. [PMID: 30403691 PMCID: PMC6221296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the expression of development-related genes, including germ cell-related genes, is globally repressed. The transcription factor MAX represses germ cell-related gene expression in ESCs via PCGF6-polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which consists of several epigenetic factors. However, we predicted that MAX represses germ cell-related gene expression through several additional mechanisms because PCGF6-PRC1 regulates the expression of only a subset of genes repressed by MAX. Here, we report that MAX associated with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 cooperatively control germ cell-related gene expression in ESCs. Both DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation of the promoter regions of several germ cell-related genes were not affected by knockout of the PRC1 components, indicating that the MAX-DNMT and MAX-SETDB1 pathways are independent of the PCGF6-PRC1 pathway. Our findings provide insights into our understanding of MAX-based repressive mechanisms of germ cell-related genes in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tatsumi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Endo
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yoshioka
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kiso
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Institute for Food Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ikuma Maeda
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Environmental Conservation and Research Safety, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Makoto Tachibana
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Shinkura-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Yamane Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Identification of KLF9 and BCL3 as transcription factors that enhance reprogramming of primordial germ cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205004. [PMID: 30286177 PMCID: PMC6171932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of eggs and sperm. Although PGCs are unipotent cells in vivo, they are reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), also known as embryonic germ cells (EGCs), in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their reprogramming are not fully understood. Here we show identification of transcription factors that mediate PGC reprogramming. We selected genes encoding transcription factors or epigenetic regulatory factors whose expression was significantly different between PGCs and PSCs with in silico analysis and RT-qPCR. Among the candidate genes, over-expression (OE) of Bcl3 or Klf9 significantly enhanced PGC reprogramming. Notably, EGC formation was stimulated by Klf9-OE even without bFGF. G-protein-coupled receptor signaling-related pathways, which are involved in PGC reprogramming, were enriched among genes down-regulated by Klf9-OE, and forskolin which activate adenylate cyclase, rescued repressed EGC formation by knock-down of Klf9, suggesting a molecular linkage between KLF9 and such signaling.
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35
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Spangler A, Su EY, Craft AM, Cahan P. A single cell transcriptional portrait of embryoid body differentiation and comparison to progenitors of the developing embryo. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:201-215. [PMID: 30118958 PMCID: PMC6579609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells provides an accessible system to model development. However, the distinct cell types that emerge, their dynamics, and their relationship to progenitors in the early embryo has been difficult to decipher because of the cellular heterogeneity inherent to differentiation. Here, we used a combination of bulk RNA-Seq, single cell RNA-Seq, and bioinformatics analyses to dissect the cell types that emerge during directed differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells as embryoid bodies and we compared them to spatially and temporally resolved transcriptional profiles of early embryos. Our single cell analyses of the day 4 embryoid bodies revealed three populations which had retained related yet distinct pluripotent signatures that resemble the pre- or post-implantation epiblast, one population of presumptive neuroectoderm, one population of mesendoderm, and four populations of neural progenitors. By day 6, the neural progenitors predominated the embryoid bodies, but both a small population of pluripotent-like cells and an anterior mesoderm-like Brachyury-expressing population were present. By comparing the day 4 and day 6 populations, we identified candidate differentiation paths, transcription factors, and signaling pathways that mark the in vitro correlate of the transition from the mid-to-late primitive streak stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Y Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - April M Craft
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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36
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Global Hypertranscription in the Mouse Embryonic Germline. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1987-1996. [PMID: 28591571 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are vital for inheritance and evolution. Their transcriptional program has been extensively studied and is assumed to be well known. We report here a remarkable global upregulation of the transcriptome of mouse PGCs compared to somatic cells. Using cell-number-normalized genome-wide analyses, we uncover significant transcriptional amplification in PGCs, including mRNAs, rRNA, and transposable elements. Hypertranscription preserves tissue-specific gene expression patterns, correlates with cell size, and can still be detected in E15.5 male germ cells when proliferation has ceased. PGC hypertranscription occurs at the level of nascent transcription, is accompanied by increased translation rates, and is driven by Myc factors n-Myc and l-Myc (but not c-Myc) and by P-TEFb. This study provides a paradigm for transcriptional analyses during development and reveals a major global hyperactivity of the germline transcriptome.
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37
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From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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38
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Stielow B, Finkernagel F, Stiewe T, Nist A, Suske G. MGA, L3MBTL2 and E2F6 determine genomic binding of the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007193. [PMID: 29381691 PMCID: PMC5806899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) play essential roles in gene regulation, differentiation and development. Six major groups of PRC1 complexes that differ in their subunit composition have been identified in mammals. How the different PRC1 complexes are recruited to specific genomic sites is poorly understood. The Polycomb Ring finger protein PCGF6, the transcription factors MGA and E2F6, and the histone-binding protein L3MBTL2 are specific components of the non-canonical PRC1.6 complex. In this study, we have investigated their role in genomic targeting of PRC1.6. ChIP-seq analysis revealed colocalization of MGA, L3MBTL2, E2F6 and PCGF6 genome-wide. Ablation of MGA in a human cell line by CRISPR/Cas resulted in complete loss of PRC1.6 binding. Rescue experiments revealed that MGA recruits PRC1.6 to specific loci both by DNA binding-dependent and by DNA binding-independent mechanisms. Depletion of L3MBTL2 and E2F6 but not of PCGF6 resulted in differential, locus-specific loss of PRC1.6 binding illustrating that different subunits mediate PRC1.6 loading to distinct sets of promoters. Mga, L3mbtl2 and Pcgf6 colocalize also in mouse embryonic stem cells, where PRC1.6 has been linked to repression of germ cell-related genes. Our findings unveil strikingly different genomic recruitment mechanisms of the non-canonical PRC1.6 complex, which specify its cell type- and context-specific regulatory functions. Polycomb group proteins assemble in two major repressive multi-subunit complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), which play important roles in many physiological processes, including stem cell maintenance, differentiation, cell cycle control and cancer. In mammals, six different groups of PRC1 complexes exist (PRC1.1 to PRC1.6), which differ in their subunit composition. The mechanisms that target the different PRC1 complexes to specific genomic sites appear diverse and are poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the genomic targeting mechanisms of the non-canonical PRC1.6 complex. In PRC1.6, the defining subunit PCGF6 is specifically associated with several proteins including the transcription factors MGA and E2F6, and the histone-binding protein L3MBTL2. We found that MGA is absolutely essential for targeting PRC1.6. MGA executes recruitment of PRC1.6 to its target sites through two distinct functions. On the one hand it acts as a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor; on the other hand it has a scaffolding function, which is independent of its DNA binding capacity. E2F6 and L3MBTL2 are also important in genomic targeting of PRC1.6 as they promote binding of PRC1.6 to different sets of genes associated with distinct functions. Our finding that different components specify loading of PRC1.6 to distinct sets of genes could establish a paradigm for other chromatin-associated complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Stielow
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guntram Suske
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Scandaglia M, Lopez-Atalaya JP, Medrano-Fernandez A, Lopez-Cascales MT, Del Blanco B, Lipinski M, Benito E, Olivares R, Iwase S, Shi Y, Barco A. Loss of Kdm5c Causes Spurious Transcription and Prevents the Fine-Tuning of Activity-Regulated Enhancers in Neurons. Cell Rep 2017; 21:47-59. [PMID: 28978483 PMCID: PMC5679733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, chromatin-modifying enzymes regulate both the timely establishment of cell-type-specific gene programs and the coordinated repression of alternative cell fates. To dissect the role of one such enzyme, the intellectual-disability-linked lysine demethylase 5C (Kdm5c), in the developing and adult brain, we conducted parallel behavioral, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies in Kdm5c-null and forebrain-restricted inducible knockout mice. Together, genomic analyses and functional assays demonstrate that Kdm5c plays a critical role as a repressor responsible for the developmental silencing of germline genes during cellular differentiation and in fine-tuning activity-regulated enhancers during neuronal maturation. Although the importance of these functions declines after birth, Kdm5c retains an important genome surveillance role preventing the incorrect activation of non-neuronal and cryptic promoters in adult neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Scandaglia
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose P Lopez-Atalaya
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Medrano-Fernandez
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria T Lopez-Cascales
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Blanco
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Michal Lipinski
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Benito
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Roman Olivares
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 5815 Medical Science II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology Unit, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
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40
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Maezawa S, Hasegawa K, Yukawa M, Sakashita A, Alavattam KG, Andreassen PR, Vidal M, Koseki H, Barski A, Namekawa SH. Polycomb directs timely activation of germline genes in spermatogenesis. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1693-1703. [PMID: 28924034 PMCID: PMC5647939 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302000.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maezawa et al. show that Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) directs timely activation of germline genes during spermatogenesis. During spermatogenesis, a large number of germline genes essential for male fertility are coordinately activated. However, it remains unknown how timely activation of this group of germline genes is accomplished. Here we show that Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) directs timely activation of germline genes during spermatogenesis. Inactivation of PRC1 in male germ cells results in the gradual loss of a stem cell population and severe differentiation defects, leading to male infertility. In the stem cell population, RNF2, the dominant catalytic subunit of PRC1, activates transcription of Sall4, which codes for a transcription factor essential for subsequent spermatogenic differentiation. Furthermore, RNF2 and SALL4 together occupy transcription start sites of germline genes in the stem cell population. Once differentiation commences, these germline genes are activated to enable the progression of spermatogenesis. Our study identifies a novel mechanism by which Polycomb directs the developmental process by activating a group of lineage-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Maezawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA
| | - Kazuteru Hasegawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA
| | - Masashi Yukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakashita
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA
| | - Kris G Alavattam
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA
| | - Paul R Andreassen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA.,Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Miguel Vidal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Artem Barski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 49229, USA
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41
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Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Tanaka T, Ogonuki N, Ogura A, Morimoto H, Cheng PF, Eisenman RN, Trumpp A, Shinohara T. Myc/Mycn-mediated glycolysis enhances mouse spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2637-2648. [PMID: 28007786 PMCID: PMC5204355 DOI: 10.1101/gad.287045.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, Kanatsu-Shinohara et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying Myc regulation of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) fate. Their findings suggest that Myc-mediated glycolysis is an important factor that increases the frequency of SSC self-renewal division. Myc plays critical roles in the self-renewal division of various stem cell types. In spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), Myc controls SSC fate decisions because Myc overexpression induces enhanced self-renewal division, while depletion of Max, a Myc-binding partner, leads to meiotic induction. However, the mechanism by which Myc acts on SSC fate is unclear. Here we demonstrate a critical link between Myc/Mycn gene activity and glycolysis in SSC self-renewal. In SSCs, Myc/Mycn are regulated by Foxo1, whose deficiency impairs SSC self-renewal. Myc/Mycn-deficient SSCs not only undergo limited self-renewal division but also display diminished glycolytic activity. While inhibition of glycolysis decreased SSC activity, chemical stimulation of glycolysis or transfection of active Akt1 or Pdpk1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 ) augmented self-renewal division, and long-term SSC cultures were derived from a nonpermissive strain that showed limited self-renewal division. These results suggested that Myc-mediated glycolysis is an important factor that increases the frequency of SSC self-renewal division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Atsuo Ogura
- Bioresource Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Pei Feng Cheng
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforshungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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42
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Yu SE, Kim MS, Park SH, Yoo BC, Kim KH, Jang YK. SET domain-containing protein 5 is required for expression of primordial germ cell specification-associated genes in murine embryonic stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:247-253. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function and Systems; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function and Systems; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Su Hyung Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function and Systems; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
- Omics Core Laboratory, Research Institute; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Yeun Kyu Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function and Systems; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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43
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Kim EM, Manzar G, Zavazava N. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gamete-associated proteins incite rejection of induced pluripotent stem cells in syngeneic mice. Immunology 2017; 151:191-197. [PMID: 28185259 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in autologous recipients has been questioned after iPSCs, but not embryonic stem cells (ESCs), were reported to be rejected in syngeneic mice. This important topic has remained controversial because there has not been a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon. Here, we hypothesize that iPSCs, but not ESCs, readily differentiate into gamete-forming cells that express meiotic antigens normally found in immune-privileged gonads. Because peripheral blood T cells are not tolerized to these antigens in the thymus, gamete-associated-proteins (GAPs) sensitize T cells leading to rejection. Here, we provide evidence that GAPs expressed in iPSC teratomas, but not in ESC teratomas, are responsible for the immunological rejection of iPSCs. Furthermore, silencing the expression of Stra8, 'the master regulator of meiosis', in iPSCs, using short hairpin RNA led to significant abrogation of the rejection of iPSCs, supporting our central hypothesis that GAPs expressed after initiation of meiosis in iPSCs were responsible for rejection. In contrast to iPSCs, iPSC-derivatives, such as haematopoietic progenitor cells, are able to engraft long-term into syngeneic recipients because they no longer express GAPs. Our findings, for the first time, provide a unifying explanation of why iPSCs, but not ESCs, are rejected in syngeneic recipients, ending the current controversy on the safety of iPSCs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Iowa & VAMC Iowa City, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Predictive Model Research Centre, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gohar Manzar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Iowa & VAMC Iowa City, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas Zavazava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Iowa & VAMC Iowa City, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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44
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Endoh M, Endo TA, Shinga J, Hayashi K, Farcas A, Ma KW, Ito S, Sharif J, Endoh T, Onaga N, Nakayama M, Ishikura T, Masui O, Kessler BM, Suda T, Ohara O, Okuda A, Klose R, Koseki H. PCGF6-PRC1 suppresses premature differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating germ cell-related genes. eLife 2017; 6:21064. [PMID: 28304275 PMCID: PMC5375644 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring finger protein PCGF6 (polycomb group ring finger 6) interacts with RING1A/B and E2F6 associated factors to form a non-canonical PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) known as PCGF6-PRC1. Here, we demonstrate that PCGF6-PRC1 plays a role in repressing a subset of PRC1 target genes by recruiting RING1B and mediating downstream mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A. PCGF6-PRC1 bound loci are highly enriched for promoters of germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Conditional ablation of Pcgf6 in ESCs leads to robust de-repression of such germ cell-related genes, in turn affecting cell growth and viability. We also find a role for PCGF6 in pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryonic development. We further show that a heterodimer of the transcription factors MAX and MGA recruits PCGF6 to target loci. PCGF6 thus links sequence specific target recognition by the MAX/MGA complex to PRC1-dependent transcriptional silencing of germ cell-specific genes in pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Endoh
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Centre for Translational Medicine,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Shinga
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Developmental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anca Farcas
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kit-Wan Ma
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ito
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tamie Endoh
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Centre for Translational Medicine,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Onaga
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Chromosome Engineering Team, Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ishikura
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Osamu Masui
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toshio Suda
- Centre for Translational Medicine,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Team, Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Robert Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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45
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Suzuki A, Hirasaki M, Okuda A. Does MAX open up a new avenue for meiotic research? Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:61-69. [PMID: 28220481 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis is a central event of sexual reproduction. Like somatic cells, germ cells conduct mitosis to increase their cell number, but unlike somatic cells, germ cells switch their cell division mode from mitosis to meiosis at a certain point in gametogenesis. However, the molecular basis of this switch remains elusive. In this review article, we give an overview of the onset of mammalian meiosis, including our recent finding that MYC Associated Factor X (MAX) prevents ectopic and precocious meiosis in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and germ cells, respectively. We present a hypothetical model of a MAX-centered molecular network that regulates meiotic entry in mammals and propose that inducible Max knockout ESCs provide an excellent platform for exploring the molecular mechanisms of meiosis initiation, while excluding other aspects of gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Suzuki
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
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46
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Zhao W, Tong H, Huang Y, Yan Y, Teng H, Xia Y, Jiang Q, Qin J. Essential Role for Polycomb Group Protein Pcgf6 in Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and a Noncanonical Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) Integrity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2773-2784. [PMID: 28049731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins have an important role in controlling the expression of key genes implicated in embryonic development, differentiation, and decision of cell fates. Emerging evidence suggests that Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) is defined by the six Polycomb group RING finger protein (Pcgf) paralogs, and Pcgf proteins can assemble into noncanonical PRC1 complexes. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms of differently composed noncanonical PRC1 in the maintenance of the pluripotent cell state. Here we disrupt the Pcgf genes in mouse embryonic stem cells by CRISPR-Cas9 and find Pcgf6 null embryonic stem cells display severe defects in self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, Pcgf6 regulates genes mostly involved in differentiation and spermatogenesis by assembling a noncanonical PRC1 complex PRC1.6. Notably, Pcgf6 deletion causes a dramatic decrease in PRC1.6 binding to target genes and no loss of H2AK119ub1. Thus, Pcgf6 is essential for recruitment of PRC1.6 to chromatin. Our results reveal a previously uncharacterized, H2AK119ub1-independent chromatin assembly associated with PRC1.6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wukui Zhao
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Huan Tong
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yikai Huang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yun Yan
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Huajian Teng
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, and
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China,
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47
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Selective de-repression of germ cell-specific genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a permissive epigenetic environment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32932. [PMID: 27608931 PMCID: PMC5016969 DOI: 10.1038/srep32932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles on establishment of tissue-specific transcription profiles and cellular characteristics. Direct conversions of fibroblasts into differentiated tissue cells by over-expression of critical transcription factors have been reported, but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these conversions are still not fully understood. In addition, conversion of somatic cells into germ cells has not yet been achieved. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that underlie germ cell characteristics, we attempted to use defined epigenetic factors to directly convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into germ cells. Here, we successfully induced germ cell-specific genes by inhibiting repressive epigenetic modifications via RNAi or small-molecule compounds. Under these conditions, some tissue-specific genes and stimulus-inducible genes were also induced. Meanwhile, the treatments did not result in genome-wide transcriptional activation. These results suggested that a permissive epigenetic environment resulted in selective de-repression of stimulus- and differentiation-inducible genes including germ cell-specific genes in MEFs.
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48
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Respuela P, Rada-Iglesias A. Enhancer Remodeling During Early Mammalian Embryogenesis: Lessons for Somatic Reprogramming, Rejuvenation, and Aging. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Zhang XL, Wu J, Wang J, Shen T, Li H, Lu J, Gu Y, Kang Y, Wong CH, Ngan CY, Shao Z, Wu J, Zhao X. Integrative epigenomic analysis reveals unique epigenetic signatures involved in unipotency of mouse female germline stem cells. Genome Biol 2016; 17:162. [PMID: 27465593 PMCID: PMC4963954 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline stem cells play an essential role in establishing the fertility of an organism. Although extensively characterized, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the fundamental properties of mammalian female germline stem cells remain poorly understood. Results We generate genome-wide profiles of the histone modifications H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3, DNA methylation, and RNA polymerase II occupancy and perform transcriptome analysis in mouse female germline stem cells. Comparison of enhancer regions between embryonic stem cells and female germline stem cells identifies the lineage-specific enhancers involved in germline stem cell features. Additionally, our results indicate that DNA methylation primarily contributes to female germline stem cell unipotency by suppressing the somatic program and is potentially involved in maintenance of sexual identity when compared with male germline stem cells. Moreover, we demonstrate down-regulation of Prmt5 triggers differentiation and thus uncover a role for Prmt5 in maintaining the undifferentiated status of female germline stem cells. Conclusions The genome-wide epigenetic signatures and the transcription regulators identified here provide an invaluable resource for understanding the fundamental features of mouse female germline stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1023-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunzhao Gu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yani Kang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chee-Hong Wong
- Sequencing Technology Group, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Chew Yee Ngan
- Sequencing Technology Group, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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50
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Bai Y, Feng M, Liu S, Wei H, Li L, Zhang X, Shen C, Zhang S, Ma N. Differential gene expression in mouse spermatogonial stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:423-32. [PMID: 27353491 PMCID: PMC4934932 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs) may be reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells under in vitro culture conditions, due to epigenetic modifications, which are closely associated with the expression of transcription factors and epigenetic factors. Thus, this study was conducted to compare the gene expression of transcription factors and epigenetic factors in mSSCs and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Firstly, the freshly isolated mSSCs [mSSCs (f)] were enriched by magnetic-activated cell sorting with Thy1.2 (CD90.2) microbeads, and the typical morphological characteristics were maintained under in vitro culture conditions for over 5 months to form long-term propagated mSSCs [mSSCs (l)]. These mSSCs (l) expressed pluripotency-associated genes and were induced to differentiate into sperm. Our findings indicated that the mSSCs (l) expressed high levels of the transcription factors, Lin28 and Prmt5, and the epigenetic factors, Tet3, Parp1, Max, Tert and Trf1, in comparison with the mESCs, with the levels of Prmt5, Tet3, Parp1 and Tert significantly higher than those in the mESCs. There was no significant difference in Kdm2b expression between mSSCs (l) and mESCs. Furthermore, the gene expression of N-Myc, Dppa2, Tbx3, Nr5a2, Prmt5, Tet3, Parp1, Max, Tert and Trf1 in the mSSCs (l) was markedly higher in comparison to that in the mSSCs (f). Collectively, our results suggest that the mSSCs and the mESCs displayed differential gene expression profiles, and the mSSCs possessed the potential to acquire pluripotency based on the high expression of transcription factors and epigenetic factors. These data may provide novel insights into the reprogramming mechanism of mSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Bai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Chao Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ningfang Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
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