1
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Liddle ST. Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9366-9384. [PMID: 38739898 PMCID: PMC11134516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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Lee VY, Gapurenko OA. Pyramidanes: newcomers to the anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel family. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10067-10086. [PMID: 37551825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, an overview of the chemistry of pyramidanes, as a novel class of main group element clusters, is given. A general introduction sets the scene, briefly presenting the non-classical pyramidal geometry of tetracoordinate carbon, as opposed to the classical tetrahedral configuration. Pyramidanes, as the simplest organic compounds possessing a pyramidal carbon atom, are then discussed from both computational and experimental viewpoints, to show the theoretical predictions on the stability and thus the feasibility of pyramidanes has finally culminated in the isolation of the first stable representatives of the pyramidane family featuring heavy main group elements at the apex of the square pyramid. Synthetic strategies towards pyramidanes, as well as their peculiar structural features, non-classical bonding situations, and specific reactivity, are presented and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Olga A Gapurenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation.
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3
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Wang S, Heng Y, Li T, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Intrinsic reactivity of [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U(η 4-C 4Ph 2) in small molecule activation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11072-11085. [PMID: 35796202 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uranium metallacyclocumulene, [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (3) was isolated from the reaction mixture containing [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2UCl2 (1), potassium graphite (KC8) and 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne (PhCC-CCPh) in good yield. The reactivity of 3 towards various small organic molecules was evaluated. For example, while complex 3 shows no reactivity towards alkynes and 2,2'-bipyridine, it may deliver the [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(II) fragment in the presence of Ph2E2 (E = S, Se) and Ph3CN3, or react as a nucleophile in the presence of carbodiimides, isothiocyanates, aldehydes, ketones, and pyridine derivatives, forming five-, seven- or nine-membered heterometallacycles. On the contrary, addition of Ph2CS to 3 induces CS bond cleavage yielding the dithiolate complex [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[S2(C12H5Ph5)] (14). In contrast, the closely related, but sterically more encumbered uranium metallacyclocumulene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (4) features a more limited reactivity which is restricted to mono- and double insertions with small unsaturated organic molecules such as isothiocyanates, ketones and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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4
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Gendy C, Valjus J, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Haptotropism in a Nickel Complex with a Neutral, π‐Bridging
cyclo
‐P
4
Ligand Analogous to Cyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115692. [PMID: 35108437 PMCID: PMC9313578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dedicated to Professor Manfred Scheer on the occasion of his 65th birthday The reaction of (1)Ni(η2‐cod), 2, incorporating a chelating bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) 1, with P4 in pentane yielded the dinuclear complex [(2)Ni]2(μ2,η2 : η2‐P4), 3, formally featuring a cyclobutadiene‐like, neutral, rectangular, π‐bridging P4‐ring. In toluene, the butterfly‐shaped complex [(1)Ni]2(μ2,η2 : η2‐P2), 4, with a formally neutral P2‐unit was obtained from 2 and either P4 or 3. Computational studies showed that a haptotropic rearrangement involving two isomers of the μ2,η2 : η2‐P4 coordination mode and a low‐energy μ2,η4 : η4‐P4 coordination mode, as previously predicted for related nickel cyclobutadiene complexes, could explain the coalescence observed in the low‐temperature NMR spectra of 3. The insertion of the (1)Ni fragment into a P−P bond of P7(SiMe3)3, forming complex 5 with a norbornane‐like P7 ligand, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
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5
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Gendy C, Valjus J, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Haptotropism in a Nickel Complex with a Neutral, π‐Bridging
cyclo
‐P
4
Ligand Analogous to Cyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
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6
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Wilson DWN, Jones DDL, Smith CD, Mehta M, Jones C, Goicoechea JM. Reduction of tert-butylphosphaalkyne and trimethylsilylnitrile with magnesium(I) dimers. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:898-903. [PMID: 34935022 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of magnesium(I) dimers, [Mg(nacnac)]2 (nacnac = HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 ([DippLMg]2) and HC[C(Me)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2 ([MesLMg]2)), towards the phosphaalkyne tBuCP. The steric profile of the magnesium(I) dimer results in selectivity for different products. The larger diisopropylphenyl derivative yields exclusively the monomeric dimagnesiated phosphaalkene [DippLMg]PC(tBu)([DippLMg]) (1), while the mesityl derivative facilitates reductive coupling of two phosphaalkyne equivalents to give access to the 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadienediide [MesLMg]2[(tBu)2C2P2](2). The reactivity differs in coordinating solvents such as THF, which allowed for the observation of C-P coupled products. For sake of comparison, reactions of magnesium(I) compounds with Me3SiCN were carried out. In contrast to the reactions involving tBuCP, these afforded 1,3-diazabutadienediyl complexes via reductive coupling and silyl migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Dafydd D L Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cory D Smith
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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7
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Cai HX, Su DM, Zhao HB, Bacha RUS, Guo YR, Pan QJ. A DFT study on carbon dioxide reduction of low-valent diuranium complex supported by a polypyrrolic macrocycle. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Revathi S, Raja P, Saha S, Eisen MS, Ghatak T. Recent developments in highly basic N-heterocyclic iminato ligands in actinide chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5483-5502. [PMID: 34008633 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, major conceptual advances in the chemistry of actinide molecules and materials have been made to demonstrate their distinct reactivity profiles as compared to lanthanide and transition metal compounds, but some difficult questions remain concerning the intriguing stability of low-valent actinide complexes, and the importance of the 5f-orbitals in reactivity and bonding. The imidazolin-2-iminato moiety has been extensively used in ligands for the advancement of actinide chemistry owing to its unique capability of stabilizing the reactive and highly electrophilic metal ions by virtue of its strong electron donation and steric tunability. The current review article describes recent developments in the chemistry of light actinide metal ions (thorium and uranium) bearing these N-heterocyclic iminato moieties as supporting ligands. In addition, the effect of ring expansion of the N-heterocycle on the catalytic aptitude of the organoactinides is also described herein. The synthesis and reactivity of actinide complexes bearing N-heterocyclic iminato ligands are presented, and promising apposite applications are also presented. The current review focuses on addressing the catalytic behavior of actinide complexes with oxygen-containing substrates such as in the Tishchenko reaction, hydroelementation processes, and polymerization reactions. Actinide complexes have also found new catalytic applications, as demonstrated by the potent chemoselective carbonyl hydroboration and tandem proton-transfer esterification (TPTE) reaction, featuring coupling between an aldehyde and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Revathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Abstract
The f-block chemistry of phospholyl and arsolyl ligands, heavier p-block analogues of substituted cyclopentadienyls (CpR , C5 R5 ) where one or more CR groups are replaced by P or As atoms, is less developed than for lighter isoelectronic C5 R5 rings. Heterocyclopentadienyl complexes can exhibit properties that complement and contrast with CpR chemistry. Given that there has been renewed interest in phospholyl and arsolyl f-block chemistry in the last two decades, coinciding with a renaissance in f-block solution chemistry, a review of this field is timely. Here, the syntheses of all structurally characterised examples of lanthanide and actinide phospholyl and arsolyl complexes to date are covered, including benzannulated derivatives, and together with group 3 complexes for completeness. The physicochemical properties of these complexes are reviewed, with the intention of motivating further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Peter Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
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10
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Wang D, Ding W, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: Synthesis and Reactivity of [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U[η 2 -C 2 Ph 2 ]. Chemistry 2021; 27:6767-6782. [PMID: 33559922 PMCID: PMC8251885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of a uranium metallacyclopropene were comprehensively studied. Addition of diphenylacetylene (PhC≡CPh) to the uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 C)3 C5 H2 ]2 U=P-2,4,6-tBu3 C6 H2 (1) yields the stable uranium metallacyclopropene, [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 C)3 C5 H2 ]2 U[η2 -C2 Ph2 ] (2). Based on density functional theory (DFT) results the 5f orbital contributions to the bonding within the metallacyclopropene U-(η2 -C=C) moiety increases significantly compared to the related ThIV compound [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 C)3 C5 H2 ]2 Th[η2 -C2 Ph2 ], which also results in more covalent bonds between the [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 C)3 C5 H2 ]2 U2+ and [η2 -C2 Ph2 ]2- fragments. Although the thorium and uranium complexes are structurally closely related, different reaction patterns are therefore observed. For example, 2 reacts as a masked synthon for the low-valent uranium(II) metallocene [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 C)3 C5 H2 ]2 UII when reacted with Ph2 E2 (E=S, Se), alkynes and a variety of hetero-unsaturated molecules such as imines, ketazine, bipy, nitriles, organic azides, and azo derivatives. In contrast, five-membered metallaheterocycles are accessible when 2 is treated with isothiocyanate, aldehydes, and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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11
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Tsoureas N, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Synthesis, bonding properties and ether activation reactivity of cyclobutadienyl-ligated hybrid uranocenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2948-2954. [PMID: 34164062 PMCID: PMC8179396 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05199c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of hybrid uranocenes consisting of uranium(iv) sandwiched between cyclobutadienyl (Cb) and cyclo-octatetraenyl (COT) ligands has been synthesized, structurally characterized and studied computationally. The dimetallic species [(η4-Cb'''')(η8-COT)U(μ:η2:η8-COT)U(THF)(η4-Cb'''')] (1) forms concomitantly with, and can be separated from, monometallic [(η4-Cb'''')U(THF)(η8-COT)] (2) (Cb'''' = 1,2,3,4-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadienyl, COT = cyclo-octatetraenyl). In toluene solution at room temperature, 1 dissociates into 2 and the unsolvated uranocene [(η4-Cb'''')U(η8-COT)] (3). By applying a high vacuum, both 1 and 2 can be converted directly into 3. Using bulky silyl substituents on the COT ligand allowed isolation of base-free [(η4-Cb'''')U{η8-1,4-(iPr3Si)2C8H6}] (4), with compounds 3 and 4 being new members of the bis(annulene) family of actinocenes and the first to contain a cyclobutadienyl ligand. Computational studies show that the bonding in the hybrid uranocenes 3 and 4 has non-negligible covalency. New insight into actinocene bonding is provided by the complementary interactions of the different ligands with uranium, whereby the 6d orbitals interact most strongly with the cyclobutadienyl ligand and the 5f orbitals do so with the COT ligands. The redox-neutral activation of diethyl ether by [(η4-Cb'''')U(η8-C8H8)] is also described and represents a uranium-cyclobutadienyl cooperative process, potentially forming the basis of further small-molecule activation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
| | | | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
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12
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Yu C, Liang J, Deng C, Lefèvre G, Cantat T, Diaconescu PL, Huang W. Arene-Bridged Dithorium Complexes: Inverse Sandwiches Supported by a δ Bonding Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21292-21297. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D, CNRS/Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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13
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Yu C, Wu B, Yang Z, Chen H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Inverse-Sandwich Cyclobutadiene Dinickel Complexes: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Yang
- Henan Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Henan Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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14
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Paprocki V, Hrobárik P, Harriman KLM, Luff MS, Kupfer T, Kaupp M, Murugesu M, Braunschweig H. Ein neutrales 1,4‐Diborabenzol als π‐Ligand in Actinoidkomplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Paprocki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7 Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University 84215 Bratislava Slowakei
| | - Katie L. M. Harriman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Kanada
| | - Martin S. Luff
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7 Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Kanada
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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15
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Paprocki V, Hrobárik P, Harriman KLM, Luff MS, Kupfer T, Kaupp M, Murugesu M, Braunschweig H. Stable Actinide π Complexes of a Neutral 1,4-Diborabenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13109-13115. [PMID: 32329111 PMCID: PMC7496575 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The π coordination of arene and anionic heteroarene ligands is a ubiquitous bonding motif in the organometallic chemistry of d-block and f-block elements. By contrast, related π interactions of neutral heteroarenes including neutral bora-π-aromatics are less prevalent particularly for the f-block, due to less effective metal-to-ligand backbonding. In fact, π complexes with neutral heteroarene ligands are essentially unknown for the actinides. We have now overcome these limitations by exploiting the exceptionally strong π donor capabilities of a neutral 1,4-diborabenzene. A series of remarkably robust, π-coordinated thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) half-sandwich complexes were synthesized by simply combining the bora-π-aromatic with ThCl4 (dme)2 or UCl4 , representing the first examples of actinide complexes with a neutral boracycle as sandwich-type ligand. Experimental and computational studies showed that the strong actinide-heteroarene interactions are predominately electrostatic in nature with distinct ligand-to-metal π donation and without significant π/δ backbonding contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Paprocki
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesComenius University84215BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Katie L. M. Harriman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie CurieOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Martin S. Luff
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie CurieOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
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17
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Boronski JT, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Heteroleptic actinocenes: a thorium(iv)-cyclobutadienyl-cyclooctatetraenyl-di-potassium-cyclooctatetraenyl complex. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6789-6794. [PMID: 34094128 PMCID: PMC8159314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast array of η n -carbocyclic C5-8 complexes reported for actinides, cyclobutadienyl (C4) remain exceedingly rare, being restricted to six uranium examples. Here, overcoming the inherent challenges of installing highly reducing C4-ligands onto actinides when using polar starting materials such as halides, we report that reaction of [Th(η8-C8H8)2] with [K2{C4(SiMe3)4}] gives [{Th(η4-C4[SiMe3]4)(μ-η8-C8H8)(μ-η2-C8H8)(K[C6H5Me]2)}2{K(C6H5Me)}{K}] (1), a new type of heteroleptic actinocene. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the thorium ion engages in π- and δ-bonding to the η4-cyclobutadienyl and η8-cyclooctatetraenyl ligands, respectively. Furthermore, the coordination sphere of this bent thorocene analogue is supplemented by an η2-cyclooctatetraenyl interaction, which calculations suggest is composed of σ- and π-symmetry donations from in-plane in- and out-of-phase C[double bond, length as m-dash]C 2p-orbital combinations to vacant thorium 6d orbitals. The characterisation data are consistent with this being a metal-alkene-type interaction that is integral to the bent structure and stability of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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18
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Boronski JT, Doyle LR, Wooles AJ, Seed JA, Liddle ST. Synthesis and Characterization of an Oxo-Centered Homotrimetallic Uranium(IV)–Cyclobutadienyl Dianion Complex. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Laurence R. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - John A. Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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19
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Tsoureas N, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Uranium(iv) cyclobutadienyl sandwich compounds: synthesis, structure and chemical bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:944-947. [PMID: 31853530 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09018e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1 : 1 reactions of uranium(iv) tetrakis(borohydride) with the sodium and potassium salts of the cyclobutadienyl anion [C4(SiMe3)4]2- (Cb'''') produce the half-sandwich complexes [Na(12-crown-4)2][U(η4-Cb'''')(BH4)3] and [U(η4-Cb'''')(μ-BH4)3{K(THF)2}]2. In the 1 : 2 reaction of U(BH4)4 with Na2Cb'''', formation of [U(η4-Cb'''')(η3-C4H(SiMe3)3-κ-(CH2SiMe2)(BH4))]- reveals that a Cb'''' ligand undergoes an intramolecular deprotonation, resulting in an allyl/tuck-in bonding mode. A computational study reveals that the uranium-Cb'''' bonding has an appreciable covalent component with contributions from the uranium 5f and 6d orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK.
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK.
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20
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Boronski JT, Doyle LR, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. f-Element Half-Sandwich Complexes: A Tetrasilylcyclobutadienyl-Uranium(IV)-Tris(tetrahydroborate) Anion Pianostool Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:295-299. [PMID: 31724808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite there being numerous examples of f-element compounds supported by cyclopentadienyl, arene, cycloheptatrienyl, and cyclooctatetraenyl ligands (C5-8 ), cyclobutadienyl (C4 ) complexes remain exceedingly rare. Here, we report that reaction of [Li2 {C4 (SiMe3 )4 }(THF)2 ] (1) with [U(BH4 )3 (THF)2 ] (2) gives the pianostool complex [U{C4 (SiMe3 )4 }(BH4 )3 ][Li(THF)4 ] (3), where use of a borohydride and preformed C4 -unit circumvents difficulties in product isolation and closing a C4 -ring at uranium. Complex 3 is an unprecedented example of an f-element half-sandwich cyclobutadienyl complex, and it is only the second example of an actinide-cyclobutadienyl complex, the other being an inverse-sandwich. The U-C distances are short (av. 2.513 Å), reflecting the formal 2- charge of the C4 -unit, and the SiMe3 groups are displaced from the C4 -plane, which we propose maximises U-C4 orbital overlap. DFT calculations identify two quasi-degenerate U-C4 π-bonds utilising the ψ2 and ψ3 molecular orbitals of the C4 -unit, but the potential δ-bond using the ψ4 orbital is vacant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurence R Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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21
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Boronski JT, Doyle LR, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. f‐Element Half‐Sandwich Complexes: A Tetrasilylcyclobutadienyl–Uranium(IV)–Tris(tetrahydroborate) Anion Pianostool Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Laurence R. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - John A. Seed
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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22
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Rödl C, Wolf R. Flexidentate Coordination Behavior and Chemical Non‐Innocence of a Bis(1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutadiene) Sandwich Anion. Chemistry 2019; 25:8332-8343. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rödl
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg Germany
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23
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Day BM, Guo FS, Giblin SR, Sekiguchi A, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Rare-Earth Cyclobutadienyl Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Dynamic Magnetic Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:16779-16782. [PMID: 30230639 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The potassium cyclobutadienyl [K2 {η4 -C4 (SiMe3 )4 }] (1) reacts with MCl3 (THF)3.5 (M=Y, Dy) to give the first rare-earth cyclobutadienyl complexes, that is, the complex anions [M{η4 -C4 (SiMe3 )4 }{η4 -C4 (SiMe3 )3 -κ-(CH2 SiMe2 }]2- , (2M ), as their dipotassium salts. The tuck-in alkyl ligand in 2M is thought to form through deprotonation of the "squarocene" complexes [M{η4 -C4 (SiMe3 )4 }2 ]- by 1. Complex 2Dy is a single-molecule magnet, but with prominent quantum tunneling. An anisotropy barrier of 323(22) cm-1 was determined for 2Dy in an applied field of 1 kOe, and magnetic hysteresis loops were observed up to 7 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Day
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K.,School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fu-Sheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Sean R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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24
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Abstract
All-carbon metallacycles of the d-transition metals have received widespread attention over the past three decades because of their exceptional intrinsic reactivity. However, in recent years, significant progress has also been made in the synthesis and characterization of actinide metallacyclopropenes, metallacyclopentadienes, and metallacyclocumulenes (metallacyclopentatrienes). Such actinide metallacycles are of interest because of their unique structural properties, their potential application in novel group transfer reactions and catalysis, as well as their ability to engage the 5f orbitals in metal-ligand bonding. This short review summarizes the latest developments in this area focusing on all-carbon actinide metallacycles, i.e., metallacyclopropenes, metallacyclopentadienes, and metallacyclocumulenes (metallacyclopentatrienes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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25
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Gardner BM, Kefalidis CE, Lu E, Patel D, McInnes EJL, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Maron L, Liddle ST. Evidence for single metal two electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination at uranium. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29196691 PMCID: PMC5711956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible single-metal two-electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination are common fundamental reactions for transition metals that underpin major catalytic transformations. However, these reactions have never been observed together in the f-block because these metals exhibit irreversible one- or multi-electron oxidation or reduction reactions. Here we report that azobenzene oxidises sterically and electronically unsaturated uranium(III) complexes to afford a uranium(V)-imido complex in a reaction that satisfies all criteria of a single-metal two-electron oxidative addition. Thermolysis of this complex promotes extrusion of azobenzene, where H-/D-isotopic labelling finds no isotopomer cross-over and the non-reactivity of a nitrene-trap suggests that nitrenes are not generated and thus a reductive elimination has occurred. Though not optimally balanced in this case, this work presents evidence that classical d-block redox chemistry can be performed reversibly by f-block metals, and that uranium can thus mimic elementary transition metal reactivity, which may lead to the discovery of new f-block catalysis. The reactivity of f-block complexes is primarily defined by single-electron oxidations and σ-bond metathesis. Here, Liddle and co-workers provide evidence that a uranium complex can undergo reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination, demonstrating transition metal-like reactivity within f-block chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dipti Patel
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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26
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Brosmer JL, Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Reduction of Diphenylacetylene Mediated by Rare-Earth Ferrocene Diamide Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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27
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Su DM, Zheng XJ, Guo YR, Pan QJ. A relativistic DFT probe of polypyrrolic macrocyclic diuranium(III) complexes with terminal solvents and iodines. J Mol Model 2016; 22:194. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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King DM, Gardner BM, Lewis W, Liddle ST. Uranium halide complexes stabilized by a new sterically demanding tripodal tris( N-adamantylamidodimethylsilyl)methane ligand. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1187267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. King
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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29
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Gardner BM, Balázs G, Scheer M, Wooles AJ, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Isolation of Elusive HAsAsH in a Crystalline Diuranium(IV) Complex. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 127:15465-15469. [PMID: 27478272 PMCID: PMC4955221 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The HAsAsH molecule has hitherto only been proposed tentatively as a short-lived species generated in electrochemical or microwave-plasma experiments. After two centuries of inconclusive or disproven claims of HAsAsH formation in the condensed phase, we report the isolation and structural authentication of HAsAsH in the diuranium(IV) complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η2:η2-As2H2)] (3, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3; Pri=CH(CH3)2). Complex 3 was prepared by deprotonation and oxidative homocoupling of an arsenide precursor. Characterization and computational data are consistent with back-bonding-type interactions from uranium to the HAsAsH π*-orbital. This experimentally confirms the theoretically predicted excellent π-acceptor character of HAsAsH, and is tantamount to full reduction to the diarsane-1,2-diide form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
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30
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Gardner BM, Balázs G, Scheer M, Wooles AJ, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Isolation of Elusive HAsAsH in a Crystalline Diuranium(IV) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15250-4. [PMID: 26510123 PMCID: PMC4691330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The HAsAsH molecule has hitherto only been proposed tentatively as a short-lived species generated in electrochemical or microwave-plasma experiments. After two centuries of inconclusive or disproven claims of HAsAsH formation in the condensed phase, we report the isolation and structural authentication of HAsAsH in the diuranium(IV) complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η2:η2-As2H2)] (3, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3; Pri=CH(CH3)2). Complex 3 was prepared by deprotonation and oxidative homocoupling of an arsenide precursor. Characterization and computational data are consistent with back-bonding-type interactions from uranium to the HAsAsH π*-orbital. This experimentally confirms the theoretically predicted excellent π-acceptor character of HAsAsH, and is tantamount to full reduction to the diarsane-1,2-diide form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany).
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK).
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31
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A relativistic DFT probe of energetics and structural properties of catalytically important macrocyclic diuranium(III) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Diaconescu PL, Cummins CC. Radical anionic versus neutral 2,2'-bipyridyl coordination in uranium complexes supported by amide and ketimide ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2676-83. [PMID: 25510329 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of (bipy)(2)U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(2) (1-(bipy)(2), bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, Ar = 3,5-C(6)H(3)Me(2)), (bipy)U(N[(1)Ad]Ar)(3) (2-bipy), (bipy)(2)U(NC[t-Bu]Mes)(3) (3-(bipy)(2), Mes = 2,4,6-C(6)H(2)Me(3)), and IU(bipy)(NC[t-Bu]Mes)(3) (3-I-bipy) are reported. X-ray crystallography studies indicate that bipy coordinates as a radical anion in 1-(bipy)(2) and 2-bipy, and as a neutral ligand in 3-I-bipy. In 3-(bipy)(2), one of the bipy ligands is best viewed as a radical anion, the other as a neutral ligand. The electronic structure assignments are supported by NMR spectroscopy studies of exchange experiments with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and also by optical spectroscopy. In all complexes, uranium was assigned a +4 formal oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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33
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Liddle ST. The Renaissance of Non-Aqueous Uranium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8604-41. [PMID: 26079536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the year 2000, non-aqueous uranium chemistry mainly involved metallocene and classical alkyl, amide, or alkoxide compounds as well as established carbene, imido, and oxo derivatives. Since then, there has been a resurgence of the area, and dramatic developments of supporting ligands and multiply bonded ligand types, small-molecule activation, and magnetism have been reported. This Review 1) introduces the reader to some of the specialist theories of the area, 2) covers all-important starting materials, 3) surveys contemporary ligand classes installed at uranium, including alkyl, aryl, arene, carbene, amide, imide, nitride, alkoxide, aryloxide, and oxo compounds, 4) describes advances in the area of single-molecule magnetism, and 5) summarizes the coordination and activation of small molecules, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen, white phosphorus, and alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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Gardner BM, Balázs G, Scheer M, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Triamidoamine uranium(IV)-arsenic complexes containing one-, two- and threefold U-As bonding interactions. Nat Chem 2015; 7:582-90. [PMID: 26100807 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To further our fundamental understanding of the nature and extent of covalency in uranium-ligand bonding, and the benefits that this may have for the design of new ligands for nuclear waste separation, there is burgeoning interest in the nature of uranium complexes with soft- and multiple-bond-donor ligands. Despite this, there have so far been no examples of structurally authenticated molecular uranium-arsenic bonds under ambient conditions. Here, we report molecular uranium(IV)-arsenic complexes featuring formal single, double and triple U-As bonding interactions. Compound formulations are supported by a range of characterization techniques, and theoretical calculations suggest the presence of polarized covalent one-, two- and threefold bonding interactions between uranium and arsenic in parent arsenide [U-AsH2], terminal arsinidene [U=AsH] and arsenido [U≡AsK2] complexes, respectively. These studies inform our understanding of the bonding of actinides with soft donor ligands and may be of use in future ligand design in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaets Strasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaets Strasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An Inverted-Sandwich Diuranium μ-η 5:η 5-Cyclo-P 5 Complex Supported by U-P 5 δ-Bonding. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 127:7174-7178. [PMID: 27478265 PMCID: PMC4955234 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25 equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η5:η5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, which usually bonds to metals via σ- and π-interactions with minimal δ-bonding, theoretical calculations suggest the principal bonding in the U(P5)U unit is polarized δ-bonding. Surprisingly, the characterization data are overall consistent with charge transfer from uranium to the cyclo-P5 unit to give a cyclo-P5 charge state that approximates to a dianionic formulation. This is ascribed to the larger size and superior acceptor character of cyclo-P5 compared to cyclopentadienyl, the strongly reducing nature of uranium(III), and the availability of uranium δ-symmetry 5f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
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Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An Inverted-Sandwich Diuranium μ-η(5):η(5)-Cyclo-P5 Complex Supported by U-P5 δ-Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7068-72. [PMID: 25914060 PMCID: PMC4517156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25 equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η5:η5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, which usually bonds to metals via σ- and π-interactions with minimal δ-bonding, theoretical calculations suggest the principal bonding in the U(P5)U unit is polarized δ-bonding. Surprisingly, the characterization data are overall consistent with charge transfer from uranium to the cyclo-P5 unit to give a cyclo-P5 charge state that approximates to a dianionic formulation. This is ascribed to the larger size and superior acceptor character of cyclo-P5 compared to cyclopentadienyl, the strongly reducing nature of uranium(III), and the availability of uranium δ-symmetry 5f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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Hervé A, Bouzidi Y, Berthet JC, Belkhiri L, Thuéry P, Boucekkine A, Ephritikhine M. U(III)-CN versus U(IV)-NC coordination in tris(silylamide) complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2474-90. [PMID: 25686295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the metallacycle [UN*2(N,C)] [N* = N(SiMe3)2; N,C = CH2SiMe2N(SiMe3)] with [HNEt3][BPh4], [HNEt3]Cl, and [pyH][OTf] (OTf = OSO2CF3) gave the cationic compound [UN*3][BPh4] (1) and the neutral complexes [UN*3X] [X = Cl (3), OTf (4)], respectively. The dinuclear complex [{UN*(μ-N,C)(μ-OTf)}2] (5) and its tetrahydrofuran (THF) adduct [{UN*(N,C)(THF)(μ-OTf)}2] (6) were obtained by thermal decomposition of 4. The successive addition of NEt4CN or KCN to 1 led to the formation of the cyanido-bridged dinuclear compound [(UN*3)2(μ-CN)][BPh4] (7) and the mononuclear mono- and bis(cyanide) complexes [UN*3(CN)] (2) and [M][UN*3(CN)2] [M = NEt4 (8), K(THF)4 (9)], while crystals of [K(18-crown-6)][UN*3(CN)2] (10) were obtained by the oxidation of [K(18-crown-6)][UN*3(CN)] with pyridine N-oxide. The THF adduct of 1, [UN*3(THF)][BPh4], and complexes 2-7, 9 and 10 were characterized by their X-ray crystal structure. In contrast to their U(III) analogues [NMe4][UN*3(CN)] and [K(18-crown-6)]2[UN*3(CN)2] in which the CN anions are coordinated to the metal center via the C atom, complexes 2 and 9 exhibit the isocyanide U-NC coordination mode of the cyanide ligand. This U(III)/U(IV) differentiation has been analyzed using density functional theory calculations. The observed preferential coordinations are well explained considering the electronic structures of the different species and metal-ligand bonding energies. A comparison of the different quantum descriptors, i.e., bond orders, NPA/QTAIM data, and energy decomposition analysis, has allowed highlighting of the subtle balance between covalent, ionic, and steric factors that govern the U-CN/NC bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Hervé
- CEA, IRAMIS, UMR 3685 NIMBE, CEA/CNRS NIMBE, CEA/Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Rare-earth metal π-complexes of reduced arenes, alkenes, and alkynes: bonding, electronic structure, and comparison with actinides and other electropositive metals. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15360-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal complexes of reduced π ligands are reviewed with an emphasis on their electronic structure and bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
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Lu E, Liddle ST. Uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12924-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective article summarises the emerging research topic of uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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Arnold PL, Stevens CJ, Farnaby JH, Gardiner MG, Nichol GS, Love JB. New Chemistry from an Old Reagent: Mono- and Dinuclear Macrocyclic Uranium(III) Complexes from [U(BH4)3(THF)2]. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10218-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polly L. Arnold
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Charlotte J. Stevens
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Joy H. Farnaby
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private
Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Jason B. Love
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
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Karmel ISR, Elkin T, Fridman N, Eisen MS. Dimethylsilyl bis(amidinate)actinide complexes: synthesis and reactivity towards oxygen containing substrates. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11376-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand1reacts with ThCl4and UCl4yielding complexes2and4, respectively. Complex3is obtained from complex2displaying extremely short Th–OH bond distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell S. R. Karmel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City, 32000 Israel
| | - Tatyana Elkin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City, 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City, 32000 Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City, 32000 Israel
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Gardner BM, Cleaves PA, Kefalidis CE, Fang J, Maron L, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. The role of 5f-orbital participation in unexpected inversion of the σ-bond metathesis reactivity trend of triamidoamine thorium(iv) and uranium(iv) alkyls. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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