1
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Wang H, Chen H, Mei Y, Gao J, Ni L, Hong N, Zhang B, Zhu F, Huang J, Wang K, Deng W, Silvester DS, Banks CE, Yasar S, Song B, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Manipulating Local Chemistry and Coherent Structures for High-Rate and Long-Life Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13150-13163. [PMID: 38726816 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Layered sodium transition-metal (TM) oxides generally suffer from severe capacity decay and poor rate performance during cycling, especially at a high state of charge (SoC). Herein, an insight into failure mechanisms within high-voltage layered cathodes is unveiled, while a two-in-one tactic of charge localization and coherent structures is devised to improve structural integrity and Na+ transport kinetics, elucidated by density functional theory calculations. Elevated Jahn-Teller [Mn3+O6] concentration on the particle surface during sodiation, coupled with intense interlayer repulsion and adverse oxygen instability, leads to irreversible damage to the near-surface structure, as demonstrated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and in situ characterization techniques. It is further validated that the structural skeleton is substantially strengthened through the electronic structure modulation surrounding oxygen. Furthermore, optimized Na+ diffusion is effectively attainable via regulating intergrown structures, successfully achieved by the Zn2+ inducer. Greatly, good redox reversibility with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.6%, impressive rate capability (86.5 mAh g-1 with 70.4% retention at 10C), and enhanced cycling stability (71.6% retention after 300 cycles at 5C) are exhibited in the P2/O3 biphasic cathode. It is believed that a profound comprehension of layered oxides will herald fresh perspectives to develop high-voltage cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoji Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yu Mei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinqiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lianshan Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ningyun Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Baichao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fangjun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Debbie S Silvester
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Craig E Banks
- Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, Battalgazi 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bai Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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2
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Chen S, Jiao S, Liang Q, Li P, Yin J, Li Q, Yu X, Li Q. Gaining More Insights from Synchrotron-Based X-ray Spectroscopy for Alkali Ion Rechargeable Batteries. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8021-8035. [PMID: 38659100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alkali ion rechargeable batteries play a significant part in portable electronic devices and electronic vehicles. The rapid development of renewable energy technology nowadays demands batteries with even higher energy density for grid storage. To fulfill such demand, extensive research efforts have been devoted to optimizing electrochemical properties as well as developing novel energy storage schemes and designing new systems. In the investigation process, synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy plays a vital role in investigating the detailed degradation mechanism and developing novel energy storage schemes. Herein, we critically review the applications of synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy in battery research in recent years. This review begins with a discussion of the different scientific issues in alkali ion rechargeable batteries within various time and space scales. Subsequently, the principle of synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy is introduced, and the characteristics of various characterization techniques are summarized and compared. Typical application cases of synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy are then introduced into battery investigations. The final part presents perspectives in the development direction of both alkali ion rechargeable battery systems and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supeng Chen
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sichen Jiao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peirong Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jixiang Yin
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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3
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Yao K, Li J, Ozden A, Wang H, Sun N, Liu P, Zhong W, Zhou W, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu H, Liu Y, Chen S, Hu Y, Wang Z, Sinton D, Liang H. In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO 2/CO electrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1749. [PMID: 38409130 PMCID: PMC10897386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The copper (Cu)-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction provides a route for the synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) products. However, the thermodynamically favorable Cu surface (i.e. Cu(111)) energetically favors single-carbon production, leading to low energy efficiency and low production rates for C2+ products. Here we introduce in situ copper faceting from electrochemical reduction to enable preferential exposure of Cu(100) facets. During the precatalyst evolution, a phosphate ligand slows the reduction of Cu and assists the generation and co-adsorption of CO and hydroxide ions, steering the surface reconstruction to Cu (100). The resulting Cu catalyst enables current densities of > 500 mA cm-2 and Faradaic efficiencies of >83% towards C2+ products from both CO2 reduction and CO reduction. When run at 500 mA cm-2 for 150 hours, the catalyst maintains a 37% full-cell energy efficiency and a 95% single-pass carbon efficiency throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jieshu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongchang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Lab of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Songhua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai, 201208, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Hongyan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Hu A, Xia D, Hwang S, Sainio S, Nordlund D, Michel FM, Moore RB, Li L, Lin F. Operando characterization and regulation of metal dissolution and redeposition dynamics near battery electrode surface. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:790-797. [PMID: 37081082 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mn dissolution has been a long-standing, ubiquitous issue that negatively impacts the performance of Mn-based battery materials. Mn dissolution involves complex chemical and structural transformations at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The continuously evolving electrode-electrolyte interface has posed great challenges for characterizing the dynamic interfacial process and quantitatively establishing the correlation with battery performance. In this study, we visualize and quantify the temporally and spatially resolved Mn dissolution/redeposition (D/R) dynamics of electrochemically operating Mn-containing cathodes. The particle-level and electrode-level analyses reveal that the D/R dynamics is associated with distinct interfacial degradation mechanisms at different states of charge. Our results statistically differentiate the contributions of surface reconstruction and Jahn-Teller distortion to the Mn dissolution at different operating voltages. Introducing sulfonated polymers (Nafion) into composite electrodes can modulate the D/R dynamics by trapping the dissolved Mn species and rapidly establishing local Mn D/R equilibrium. This work represents an inaugural effort to pinpoint the chemical and structural transformations responsible for Mn dissolution via an operando synchrotron study and develops an effective method to regulate Mn interfacial dynamics for improving battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Anyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dawei Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - F Marc Michel
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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5
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Wang H, Huang J, Cai J, Wei Y, Cao A, Liu B, Lu S. In Situ/Operando Methods for Understanding Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300169. [PMID: 37035954 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industrial and agricultural, a large amount of nitrate is produced, which not only disrupts the natural nitrogen cycle, but also endangers public health. Among the commonly used nitrate treatment techniques, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR) has attracted extensive attention due to its mild conditions, pollution-free nature, and other advantages. An in-depth understanding of the eNRR mechanism is the prerequisite for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts. However, some traditional characterization tools cannot comprehensively and deeply study the reaction process. It is necessary to develop in situ and operando techniques to reveal the reaction mechanism at the time-resolved and atomic level. This review discusses the eNRR mechanism and summarizes the possible in situ techniques used in eNRR. A detailed introduction of various in situ techniques and their help in understanding the reaction mechanism is provided. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in this research area are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinmeng Cai
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ang Cao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Baozhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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6
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Fang S, Zhang S, Ni L, Zou G, Hou H, Liu H, Deng W, Ji X. Electrochemically Engineering a Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4514-4524. [PMID: 36872651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered electrode material has been attracting significant attention owing to its high specific capacity as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Generally, the high-nickel ternary precursors obtained by traditional coprecipitation methods are micron-scale. In this work, the submicrometer single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) cathode is efficiently prepared by electrochemically anodic oxidation followed by a molten-salt-assisted reaction without the need of extreme alkaline environments and complex processes. More importantly, when prepared under optimal voltage (10 V), single-crystal NCM exhibits a moderate particle size (∼250 nm) and strong metal-oxygen bonds due to reasonable and balanced crystal nucleation/growth rate, which are conducive to greatly enhancing the Li+ diffusion kinetics and structure stability. Given that a good discharge capacity of 205.7 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mAh g-1) and a superior capacity retention of 87.7% after 180 cycles at 1 C are obtained based on the NCM electrode, this strategy is effective and flexible for developing a submicrometer single-crystal nickel-rich layered cathode. Besides, it can be adopted to elevate the performance and utilization of nickel-rich cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lianshan Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huiqun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001 China
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7
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Black AP, Sorrentino A, Fauth F, Yousef I, Simonelli L, Frontera C, Ponrouch A, Tonti D, Palacín MR. Synchrotron radiation based operando characterization of battery materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1641-1665. [PMID: 36819848 PMCID: PMC9931056 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation based techniques are powerful tools for battery research and allow probing a wide range of length scales, with different depth sensitivities and spatial/temporal resolutions. Operando experiments enable characterization during functioning of the cell and are thus a precious tool to elucidate the reaction mechanisms taking place. In this perspective, the current state of the art for the most relevant techniques (scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging) is discussed together with the bottlenecks to address, either specific for application in the battery field or more generic. The former includes the improvement of cell designs, multi-modal characterization and development of protocols for automated or at least semi-automated data analysis to quickly process the huge amount of data resulting from operando experiments. Given the recent evolution in these areas, accelerated progress is expected in the years to come, which should in turn foster battery performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Black
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - François Fauth
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Ibraheem Yousef
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Laura Simonelli
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Carlos Frontera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - Alexandre Ponrouch
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - Dino Tonti
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - M Rosa Palacín
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
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8
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Promoting nickel oxidation state transitions in single-layer NiFeB hydroxide nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6094. [PMID: 36241751 PMCID: PMC9568589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the formation of high-oxidation-state transition metal species in a hydroxide catalyst may improve its catalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction, which remains difficult to achieve with current synthetic strategies. Herein, we present a synthesis of single-layer NiFeB hydroxide nanosheets and demonstrate the efficacy of electron-deficient boron in promoting the formation of high-oxidation-state Ni for improved oxygen evolution activity. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical analyses show that incorporation of B into a NiFe hydroxide causes a cathodic shift of the Ni2+(OH)2 → Ni3+δOOH transition potential. Density functional theory calculations suggest an elevated oxidation state for Ni and decreased energy barriers for the reaction with the NiFeB hydroxide catalyst. Consequently, a current density of 100 mA cm–2 was achieved in 1 M KOH at an overpotential of 252 mV, placing it among the best Ni-based catalysts for this reaction. This work opens new opportunities in electronic engineering of metal hydroxides (or oxides) for efficient oxygen evolution in water-splitting applications. While water-splitting electrolysis offers a potential renewable means to store energy, the oxygen evolution half-reaction’s sluggish kinetics limits performances. Here, authors incorporation boron into nickel-iron hydroxide catalysts to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation activities
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9
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Flach M, Hirsch K, Timm M, Ablyasova OS, da Silva Santos M, Kubin M, Bülow C, Gitzinger T, von Issendorff B, Lau JT, Zamudio-Bayer V. Iron L 3-edge energy shifts for the full range of possible 3d occupations within the same oxidation state of iron halides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19890-19894. [PMID: 35959850 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation states are integer in number but dn configurations of transition metal centers vary continuously in polar bonds. We quantify the shifts of the iron L3 excitation energy, within the same formal oxidation state, in a systematic L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of diatomic gas-phase iron(II) halide cations, [FeX]+,where X = F, Cl, Br, I. These shifts correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, and are attributed exclusively to a fractional increase in population of 3d-derived orbitals along the series as supported by charge transfer multiplet simulations and density functional theory calculations. We extract an excitation energy shift of 420 meV ± 60 meV spanning the full range of possible 3d occupations between the most ionic bond in [FeF]+ and covalently bonded [FeI]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Flach
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olesya S Ablyasova
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mayara da Silva Santos
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kubin
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Bülow
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Gitzinger
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Tobias Lau
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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de Vasconcelos LS, Xu R, Xu Z, Zhang J, Sharma N, Shah SR, Han J, He X, Wu X, Sun H, Hu S, Perrin M, Wang X, Liu Y, Lin F, Cui Y, Zhao K. Chemomechanics of Rechargeable Batteries: Status, Theories, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13043-13107. [PMID: 35839290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemomechanics is an old subject, yet its importance has been revived in rechargeable batteries where the mechanical energy and damage associated with redox reactions can significantly affect both the thermodynamics and rates of key electrochemical processes. Thanks to the push for clean energy and advances in characterization capabilities, significant research efforts in the last two decades have brought about a leap forward in understanding the intricate chemomechanical interactions regulating battery performance. Going forward, it is necessary to consolidate scattered ideas in the literature into a structured framework for future efforts across multidisciplinary fields. This review sets out to distill and structure what the authors consider to be significant recent developments on the study of chemomechanics of rechargeable batteries in a concise and accessible format to the audiences of different backgrounds in electrochemistry, materials, and mechanics. Importantly, we review the significance of chemomechanics in the context of battery performance, as well as its mechanistic understanding by combining electrochemical, materials, and mechanical perspectives. We discuss the coupling between the elements of electrochemistry and mechanics, key experimental and modeling tools from the small to large scales, and design considerations. Lastly, we provide our perspective on ongoing challenges and opportunities ranging from quantifying mechanical degradation in batteries to manufacturing battery materials and developing cyclic protocols to improve the mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sameep Rajubhai Shah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jiaxiu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaomei He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xianyang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shan Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Madison Perrin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Singh JP, Paidi AK, Chae KH, Lee S, Ahn D. Synchrotron radiation based X-ray techniques for analysis of cathodes in Li rechargeable batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20360-20378. [PMID: 35919598 PMCID: PMC9277717 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Li-ion rechargeable batteries are promising systems for large-scale energy storage solutions. Understanding the electrochemical process in the cathodes of these batteries using suitable techniques is one of the crucial steps for developing them as next-generation energy storage devices. Due to the broad energy range, synchrotron X-ray techniques provide a better option for characterizing the cathodes compared to the conventional laboratory-scale characterization instruments. This work gives an overview of various synchrotron radiation techniques for analyzing cathodes of Li-rechargeable batteries by depicting instrumental details of X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, and X-ray near-edge fine structure-imaging. Analysis and simulation procedures to get appropriate information of structural order, local electronic/atomic structure, chemical phase mapping and pores in cathodes are discussed by taking examples of various cathode materials. Applications of these synchrotron techniques are also explored to investigate oxidation state, metal-oxygen hybridization, quantitative local atomic structure, Ni oxidation phase and pore distribution in Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pal Singh
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Manav Rachna University Faridabad-121004 Haryana India
| | - Anil Kumar Paidi
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul-02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
- Xavisoptics Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Docheon Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
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12
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Walker T, Nietzold T, Kumar NM, Lai B, Stone K, Stuckelberger ME, Bertoni MI. Development of an operando characterization stage for multi-modal synchrotron x-ray experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:065113. [PMID: 35778008 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that micro- and nanoscale inhomogeneities govern the performance of many thin-film solar cell absorbers. These inhomogeneities yield material properties (e.g., composition, structure, and charge collection) that are challenging to correlate across length scales and measurement modalities. The challenge is compounded if a correlation is sought during device operation or in conditions that mimic aging under particular stressors (e.g., heat and electrical bias). Correlative approaches, particularly those based on synchrotron x-ray sources, are powerful since they can access several material properties in different modes (e.g., fluorescence, diffraction, and absorption) with minimal sample preparation. Small-scale laboratory x-ray instruments have begun to offer multi-modality but are typically limited by low x-ray photon flux, low spatial resolution, or specific sample sizes. To overcome these limitations, a characterization stage was developed to enable multi-scale, multi-modal operando measurements of industrially relevant photovoltaic devices. The stage offers compatibility across synchrotron x-ray facilities, enabling correlation between nanoscale x-ray fluorescence microscopy, microscale x-ray diffraction microscopy, and x-ray beam induced current microscopy, among others. The stage can accommodate device sizes up to 25 × 25 mm2, offering access to multiple regions of interest and increasing the statistical significance of correlated properties. The stage materials can sustain humid and non-oxidizing atmospheres, and temperature ranges encountered by photovoltaic devices in operational environments (e.g., from 25 to 100 °C). As a case study, we discuss the functionality of the stage by studying Se-alloyed CdTe photovoltaic devices aged in the stage between 25 and 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trumann Walker
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
| | - Tara Nietzold
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
| | - Niranjana Mohan Kumar
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Kevin Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Mariana I Bertoni
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
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13
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Björklund E, Xu C, Dose WM, Sole CG, Thakur PK, Lee TL, De Volder MFL, Grey CP, Weatherup RS. Cycle-Induced Interfacial Degradation and Transition-Metal Cross-Over in LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2-Graphite Cells. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:2034-2048. [PMID: 35557994 PMCID: PMC9082506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide cathode materials promise Li-ion batteries with increased energy density and lower cost. However, higher Ni content is accompanied by accelerated degradation and thus poor cycle lifetime, with the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions still poorly understood. Here, we combine electrochemical analysis with surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies to observe the interfacial degradation occurring in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2-graphite full cells over hundreds of cycles between fixed cell voltages (2.5-4.2 V). Capacity losses during the first ∼200 cycles are primarily attributable to a loss of active lithium through electrolyte reduction on the graphite anode, seen as thickening of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). As a result, the cathode reaches ever-higher potentials at the end of charge, and with further cycling, a regime is entered where losses in accessible NMC capacity begin to limit cycle life. This is accompanied by accelerated transition-metal reduction at the NMC surface, thickening of the cathode electrolyte interphase, decomposition of residual lithium carbonate, and increased cell impedance. Transition-metal dissolution is also detected through increased incorporation into and thickening of the SEI, with Mn found to be initially most prevalent, while the proportion of Ni increases with cycling. The observed evolution of anode and cathode surface layers improves our understanding of the interconnected nature of the degradation occurring at each electrode and the impact on capacity retention, informing efforts to achieve a longer cycle lifetime in Ni-rich NMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Björklund
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Chao Xu
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Wesley M. Dose
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Christopher G. Sole
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Pardeep K. Thakur
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
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14
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Zhang H, Liu H, Piper LFJ, Whittingham MS, Zhou G. Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5641-5681. [PMID: 35025511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathodes of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major factors leading to cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and the resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches toward mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade as well as detail novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlei Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Louis F J Piper
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Stanley Whittingham
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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15
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Xia W, Zhao Y, Zhao F, Adair K, Zhao R, Li S, Zou R, Zhao Y, Sun X. Antiperovskite Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3763-3819. [PMID: 35015520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries have fascinated the research community over the past decade, largely due to their improved safety properties and potential for high-energy density. Searching for fast ion conductors with sufficient electrochemical and chemical stabilities is at the heart of solid-state battery research and applications. Recently, significant progress has been made in solid-state electrolyte development. Sulfide-, oxide-, and halide-based electrolytes have been able to achieve high ionic conductivities of more than 10-3 S/cm at room temperature, which are comparable to liquid-based electrolytes. However, their stability toward Li metal anodes poses significant challenges for these electrolytes. The existence of non-Li cations that can be reduced by Li metal in these electrolytes hinders the application of Li anode and therefore poses an obstacle toward achieving high-energy density. The finding of antiperovskites as ionic conductors in recent years has demonstrated a new and exciting solution. These materials, mainly constructed from Li (or Na), O, and Cl (or Br), are lightweight and electrochemically stable toward metallic Li and possess promising ionic conductivity. Because of the structural flexibility and tunability, antiperovskite electrolytes are excellent candidates for solid-state battery applications, and researchers are still exploring the relationship between their structure and ion diffusion behavior. Herein, the recent progress of antiperovskites for solid-state batteries is reviewed, and the strategies to tune the ionic conductivity by structural manipulation are summarized. Major challenges and future directions are discussed to facilitate the development of antiperovskite-based solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Keegan Adair
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ruo Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
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16
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Quilty CD, Wheeler GP, Wang L, McCarthy AH, Yan S, Tallman KR, Dunkin MR, Tong X, Ehrlich S, Ma L, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, Bock DC, Marschilok AC. Impact of Charge Voltage on Factors Influencing Capacity Fade in Layered NMC622: Multimodal X-ray and Electrochemical Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50920-50935. [PMID: 34694108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich NMC is an attractive Li-ion battery cathode due to its combination of energy density, thermal stability, and reversibility. While higher delivered energy density can be achieved with a more positive charge voltage limit, this approach compromises sustained reversibility. Improved understanding of the local and bulk structural transformations as a function of charge voltage, and their associated impacts on capacity fade are critically needed. Through simultaneous operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of cells cycled at 3-4.3 or 3-4.7 V, this study presents an in-depth investigation into the effects of voltage window on local coordination, bulk structure, and oxidation state. These measurements are complemented by ex situ X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping and scanning electrochemical microscopy mapping (SECM) of the negative electrode, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the positive electrode, and cell level electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Initially, cycling between 3 and 4.7 V leads to greater delivered capacity due to greater lithium extraction, accompanied by increased structural distortion, moderately higher Ni oxidation, and substantially higher Co oxidation. Continued cycling at this high voltage results in suppressed Ni and Co redox, greater structural distortion, increased levels of transition metal dissolution, higher cell impedance, and 3× greater capacity fade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Quilty
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Garrett P Wheeler
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alison H McCarthy
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Killian R Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Mikaela R Dunkin
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xiao Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Steven Ehrlich
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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17
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Wang C, Meng C, Li S, Zhang G, Ning Y, Fu Q. In Situ Visualization of Atmosphere-Dependent Relaxation and Failure in Energy Storage Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17843-17850. [PMID: 34644051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient atmosphere is critical for the surface/interface chemistry of electrodes that governs the operation and failure in energy storage devices (ESDs). Here, taking an Al/graphite battery as an example, both the relaxation and failure processes in the working graphite electrodes have been dynamically monitored by multiple in situ surface and interface characterization methods within various well-controlled atmospheres. Relaxation effects are manifested by recoverable stage-structure change and electronic relaxation occurring in anhydrous inert atmospheres and O2, which are induced by the anion/cation redistribution within the neighboring graphene layers and have slight influence on the long-term cycling. In contrast, rapid and unrecoverable failure behaviors happen in hydrous atmospheres as shown by the stage-structure degradation and electronic decoupling between guest ions and host graphite, which are caused by the hydrolysis between newly intercalated H2O molecules and intercalants. Consistent with the characterization results, exposure to H2O can cause nearly 100% capacity loss. The methodology and concept adopted in this work to unravel the battery mechanism under ambient conditions are universal and significant to investigate many ESDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caixia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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18
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Fehse M, Iadecola A, Simonelli L, Longo A, Stievano L. The rise of X-ray spectroscopies for unveiling the functional mechanisms in batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23445-23465. [PMID: 34664565 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based techniques have been key tools in the discovery, understanding, and development of battery materials. In this review, some of the most suitable X-ray spectroscopy related techniques employed for addressing diverse scientific cases connected to battery science are highlighted. Furthermore, current shortcomings, intrinsic limitations, and ongoing challenges of individual techniques are pointed out, providing an outlook of future trends that are relevant to the battery research community. In particular, the ongoing development of next generation synchrotrons, machine learning algorithms for data analysis and combined theoretical/experimental approaches will enhance the already powerful assets of these advanced spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Iadecola
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France
| | | | - Alessandro Longo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.,Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, ISMN-CNR UOS di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stievano
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France.,ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Kao LC, Ha Y, Chang WJ, Feng X, Ye Y, Chen JL, Pao CW, Yang F, Zhu C, Yang W, Guo J, Liou SYH. Trace Key Mechanistic Features of the Arsenite Sequestration Reaction with Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16538-16548. [PMID: 34524811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is considered as a highly efficient material for sequestrating arsenite, but the origin of its high efficacy as well as the chemical transformations of arsenite during reaction is not well understood. Here, we report an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study to investigate the complex mechanism of nZVI reaction with arsenite under anaerobic conditions at the time scale from seconds to days. The time-resolved XAS analysis revealed a gradual oxidation of AsIII to AsV in the course of minutes to hours in both the solid and liquid phase for the high (above 0.5 g/L) nZVI dose system. When the reaction time increased up to 60 days, AsV became the dominant species. The quick-scanning extended X-ray absorption fine structure (QEAXFS) was introduced to discover the transient intermediate at the highly reactive stage, and a small red-shift in As K-edge absorption edge was observed. The QEAXFS combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that the red-shift is likely due to the electron donation in a Fe-O-As complex and possible active sites of As sequestrations include Fe(OH)4 and 4-Fe cluster. This is the first time that the transient reaction intermediate was identified in the As-nZVI sequestration system at the fast-reacting early stage. This study also demonstrated usefulness of in situ monitoring techniques in environmental water research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng Kao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wan-Jou Chang
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yifan Ye
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Catherine Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology: Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Jenkins T, Alarco JA, Cowie B, Mackinnon IDR. Validating the Electronic Structure of Vanadium Phosphate Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45505-45520. [PMID: 34544241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the electronic structure of contending battery electrode materials is an essential step for developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of charge-discharge properties. Herein, we use synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in combination with complementary experiments and density functional theory calculations to map the electronic structure, band positioning, and band gap of prototype vanadium(III) phosphate cathode materials, Na3V2(PO4)3, Li3V2(PO4)3, and K3V3(PO4)4·H2O, for alkali-ion rechargeable batteries. XAS fluorescence yield and electron yield measurements reveal substantial variation in surface-to-bulk atomic structure, vanadium oxidation states, and density of oxygen hole states across all samples. We attribute this variation to an intrinsic alkali metal surface depletion identified across these alkali metal vanadium(III) phosphates. We propose that an alkali-depleted surface provides a beneficial interface with the bulk structure(s) that raises the Fermi level and improves surface charge transfer kinetics. Furthermore, we discuss how this effect can play a significant role in reducing the electronic and ionic diffusion limitations of alkali vanadium phosphates in alkali-ion rechargeable batteries. These findings clarify the electronic structure and properties of alkali metal vanadium phosphates and offer guidance on future strategies to improve vanadium phosphate battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Cowie
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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21
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Qian G, Wang J, Li H, Ma ZF, Pianetta P, Li L, Yu X, Liu Y. Structural and chemical evolution in layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries revealed by synchrotron techniques. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab146. [PMID: 35145703 PMCID: PMC8824737 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable battery technologies have revolutionized electronics, transportation and grid energy storage. Many materials are being researched for battery applications, with layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) the dominating cathode candidate with remarkable electrochemical performance. Yet, daunting challenges persist in the quest for further battery developments targeting lower cost, longer lifespan, improved energy density and enhanced safety. This is, in part, because of the intrinsic complexity of real-world batteries, featuring sophisticated interplay among microstructural, compositional and chemical heterogeneities, which has motivated tremendous research efforts using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. In this research field, synchrotron techniques have been identified as a suite of effective methods for advanced battery characterization in a non-destructive manner with sensitivities to the lattice, electronic and morphological structures. This article provides a holistic overview of cutting-edge developments in synchrotron-based research on LTMO battery cathode materials. We discuss the complexity and evolution of LTMO’s material properties upon battery operation and review recent synchrotron-based research works that address the frontier challenges and provide novel insights in this field. Finally, we formulate a perspective on future directions of synchrotron-based battery research, involving next-generation X-ray facilities and advanced computational developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Qian
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-Feng Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Su Y, Chen G, Chen L, Shi Q, Lv Z, Lu Y, Bao L, Li N, Chen S, Wu F. Roles of Fast-Ion Conductor LiTaO 3 Modifying Ni-rich Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1955-1961. [PMID: 33710782 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited cycling stability hampers the commercial application of Ni-rich materials, which are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Ni-rich LiNi0.9 Co0.06 Mn0.04 O2 layered cathode was modified with different amounts of LiTaO3 , and the influences of fast-ion conductor material on cathode materials were explored. Detailed analysis of the materials revealed the formation of a uniformly epitaxial LiTaO3 coating layer and a little Ta5+ doping into the lattice structure of Ni-rich materials. The coating-layer thickness increased with the amount of LiTaO3 added, protecting the electrode from erosion by electrolyte and suppressing undesired parasitic reactions on the cathode-electrolyte interface. Meanwhile, the doped Ta5+ increased the interplanar spacing of materials, accelerating Li+ transfer. Using the positive synergistic effects of LiTaO3 -coating and Ta5+ -doping, improved capacity retentions of the modified materials, especially for 0.25 and 0.5 wt%-coated Ni-rich materials, were obtained after long-term cycling, showing the potential applications of LiTaO3 modification. Further, the relations between one excessively thick coating layer and transfer of Li+ /electron between the cathode and electrolyte was established, proving that very thick coating layers, even layers containing Li ions, have adverse effects on electrochemical performances. This finding may help to understand the roles of the coating layer better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Su
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Lv
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Liying Bao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
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23
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Wang C, Ning Y, Huang H, Li S, Xiao C, Chen Q, Peng L, Guo S, Li Y, Liu C, Wu ZS, Li X, Chen L, Gao C, Wu C, Fu Q. Operando surface science methodology reveals surface effect in charge storage electrodes. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa289. [PMID: 34691600 PMCID: PMC8288451 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface and interface play critical roles in energy storage devices, calling for operando characterization techniques to probe the electrified surfaces/interfaces. In this work, surface science methodology, including electron spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy, has been successfully applied to visualize electrochemical processes at operating electrode surfaces in an Al/graphite model battery. Intercalation of anions together with cations is directly observed in the surface region of a graphite electrode with tens of nanometers thickness, the concentration of which is one order higher than that in bulk. An intercalation pseudocapacitance mechanism and a double specific capacity in the electrode surface region are expected based on the super-dense intercalants and anion/cation co-intercalation, which are in sharp contrast to the battery-like mechanism in the electrode bulk. The distinct electrochemical mechanism at the electrode surface is verified by performance tests of real battery devices, showing that a surface-dominant, nanometer-thick graphite cathode outperforms a bulk-dominant, micrometer-thick graphite cathode. Our findings highlight the important surface effect of working electrodes in charge storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuainan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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24
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Zhao H, Fu Q, Yang D, Sarapulova A, Pang Q, Meng Y, Wei L, Ehrenberg H, Wei Y, Wang C, Chen G. In Operando Synchrotron Studies of NH 4+ Preintercalated V 2O 5· nH 2O Nanobelts as the Cathode Material for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11809-11820. [PMID: 32865959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NH4+ preintercalated V2O5·nH2O nanobelts with a large interlayer distance of 10.9 Å were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The material showed a large specific capacity of 391 mA·h·g-1 at the 500 mA·g-1 current density in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries. In operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the material experienced reversible solid-solution reaction and two-phase transition during charge-discharge cycling, accompanied by the reversible formation/decomposition of a ZnSO4Zn3(OH)6·5H2O byproduct. In operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the reversible reduction/oxidation of V, together with small changes in the VO6 local structure. The formation of byproduct was attributed to the dehydration of [Zn(H2O)6]2+, which concurrently improved the desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ into Zn2+. Bond valence sum map analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the byproduct improved the charge transfer kinetics of the electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique showed that the electrode reaction was dominated by ionic intercalation where the discharge capacity in the voltage window of 1.4-0.85 V was attributed to the intercalation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+, followed by the intercalation of Zn2+ at 0.85-0.4 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Angelina Sarapulova
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Qiang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luyao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yingjin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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25
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Diaz-Lopez M, Cutts GL, Allan PK, Keeble DS, Ross A, Pralong V, Spiekermann G, Chater PA. Fast operando X-ray pair distribution function using the DRIX electrochemical cell. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1190-1199. [PMID: 32876593 PMCID: PMC7467346 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752000747x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In situ electrochemical cycling combined with total scattering measurements can provide valuable structural information on crystalline, semi-crystalline and amorphous phases present during (dis)charging of batteries. In situ measurements are particularly challenging for total scattering experiments due to the requirement for low, constant and reproducible backgrounds. Poor cell design can introduce artefacts into the total scattering data or cause inhomogeneous electrochemical cycling, leading to poor data quality or misleading results. This work presents a new cell design optimized to provide good electrochemical performance while performing bulk multi-scale characterizations based on total scattering and pair distribution function methods, and with potential for techniques such as X-ray Raman spectroscopy. As an example, the structural changes of a nanostructured high-capacity cathode with a disordered rock-salt structure and composition Li4Mn2O5 are demonstrated. The results show that there is no contribution to the recorded signal from other cell components, and a very low and consistent contribution from the cell background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diaz-Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey L. Cutts
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe K. Allan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dean S. Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Ross
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Pralong
- Narmandie Université, Ensicaen, Unicaen, CRNS, Crismat, Caen 14000, France
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Postdam 14476, Germany
| | - Philip A. Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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26
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Endo R, Ohnishi T, Takada K, Masuda T. In Situ Observation of Lithiation and Delithiation Reactions of a Silicon Thin Film Electrode for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6649-6654. [PMID: 32787227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to electrochemical lithiation/delithiation processes of an amorphous Si electrode sputter-deposited on a Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 solid electrolyte. After the first lithiation, a broad Li peak appears at the Si surface, and peaks corresponding to bulk Si and Si suboxide significantly shift to lower binding energy. The appearance of the Li peak and shift of the Si peaks confirm the formation of lithium-silicide and lithium-silicates due to the lithiation of Si and native suboxide. The composition of lithium-silicide is estimated to be Li3.44Si by quantitative analysis of electrochemical response and photoelectron spectra. Peak fitting analysis shows the formation of Li2O and Li2CO3 due to side reactions. Upon the following delithiation, the peak corresponding to Li3.44Si phase shifts back to higher binding energy to form Li0.15Si phase, while lithium-silicates, Li2O, and Li2CO3 remained as irreversible species. Thus, electrochemical reactions accompanied with lithiation/delithiation processes are successfully observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimu Endo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohnishi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takada
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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27
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Li Q, Yan S, Yang W. Interfacial properties in energy storage systems studied by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:140901. [PMID: 32295356 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial behaviors and properties play critical roles in determining key practical parameters of electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Soft x-ray spectroscopy features shallow penetration depth and demonstrates inherent surface sensitivity to characterize the interfacial behavior with elemental and chemical sensitivities. In this review, we present a brief survey of modern synchrotron-based soft x-ray spectroscopy of the interface in electrochemical energy storage systems. The technical focus includes core-level spectroscopy of conventional x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). We show that while conventional techniques remain powerful for probing the chemical species on the surface, today's material research studies have triggered much more demanding chemical sensitivity that could only be offered by advanced techniques such as RIXS. Another direction in the field is the rapid development of various in situ/operando characterizations of complex electrochemical systems. Notably, the solid-state battery systems provide unique advantages for future studies of both the surface/interface and the bulk properties under operando conditions. We conclude with perspectives on the bright future of studying electrochemical systems through these advanced soft x-ray spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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28
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V VM, Nageswaran G. Operando X-Ray Spectroscopic Techniques: A Focus on Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Front Chem 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32083053 PMCID: PMC7002430 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of structural as well as chemical properties of an electrocatalyst in its reaction environment is a challenge in electrocatalysis. This is very important for the better understanding of the dynamic changes in the reactivity with respect to the structure of catalysts to give insight into the reaction mechanism. The in situ/operando investigation of electrode/electrolyte interface has been increasingly explored in recent days due to the significant developments in technology. The review focus on operando X-ray spectroscopic techniques to understand the behavior of electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Some recent studies on the application of operando X-ray spectroscopic methods to study the dynamic nature as well as the evaluation of structural and chemical changes of the electrocatalysts for HER and OER in different reaction environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M V
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gomathi Nageswaran
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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29
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Wu J, Yang Y, Yang W. Advances in soft X-ray RIXS for studying redox reaction states in batteries. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13519-13527. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01782e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) for detecting and quantifying both cationic and anionic redox states in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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30
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Li M, Liu T, Bi X, Chen Z, Amine K, Zhong C, Lu J. Cationic and anionic redox in lithium-ion based batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1688-1705. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review will present the current understanding, experimental evidence and future direction of anionic and cationic redox for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
| | - Xuanxuan Bi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Cheng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
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31
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Chen R, Li Q, Yu X, Chen L, Li H. Approaching Practically Accessible Solid-State Batteries: Stability Issues Related to Solid Electrolytes and Interfaces. Chem Rev 2019; 120:6820-6877. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rusong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Akada K, Sudayama T, Asakura D, Kitaura H, Nagamura N, Horiba K, Oshima M, Hosono E, Harada Y. Microscopic photoelectron analysis of single crystalline LiCoO 2 particles during the charge-discharge in an all solid-state lithium ion battery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12452. [PMID: 31462743 PMCID: PMC6713709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report synchrotron-based operando soft X-ray microscopic photoelectron spectroscopy under charge-discharge control of single crystalline LiCoO2 (LCO) particles as an active electrode material for an all solid-state lithium-ion battery (LIB). Photoelectron mapping and the photoelectron spectrum of a selected microscopic region are obtained by a customized operando cell for LIBs. During the charge process, a more effective Li extraction from a side facet of the single crystalline LCO particle than from the central part is observed, which ensures the reliability of the system as an operando microscopic photoelectron analyzer that can track changes in the electronic structure of a selected part of the active particle. Based on these assessments, the no drastic change in the Co 2p XPS spectra during charge-discharge of LCO supports that the charge-polarization may occur at the oxygen side by strong hybridization between Co 3d and O 2p orbitals. The success of tracking the electronic-structure change at each facet of a single crystalline electrode material during charge-discharge is a major step toward the fabrication of innovative active electrode materials for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Akada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.,Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sudayama
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asakura
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8565, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kitaura
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Naoka Nagamura
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Koji Horiba
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Masaharu Oshima
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8586, Japan
| | - Eiji Hosono
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan. .,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan. .,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8565, Japan. .,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8586, Japan.
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34
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Liu D, Shadike Z, Lin R, Qian K, Li H, Li K, Wang S, Yu Q, Liu M, Ganapathy S, Qin X, Yang QH, Wagemaker M, Kang F, Yang XQ, Li B. Review of Recent Development of In Situ/Operando Characterization Techniques for Lithium Battery Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806620. [PMID: 31099081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands of energy storage require the significant improvement of current Li-ion battery electrode materials and the development of advanced electrode materials. Thus, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the reaction processes, degradation mechanism, and thermal decomposition mechanisms under realistic operation conditions. This understanding can be obtained by in situ/operando characterization techniques, which provide information on the structure evolution, redox mechanism, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, side reactions, and Li-ion transport properties under operating conditions. Here, the recent developments in the in situ/operando techniques employed for the investigation of the structural stability, dynamic properties, chemical environment changes, and morphological evolution are described and summarized. The experimental approaches reviewed here include X-ray, electron, neutron, optical, and scanning probes. The experimental methods and operating principles, especially the in situ cell designs, are described in detail. Representative studies of the in situ/operando techniques are summarized, and finally the major current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. Several important battery challenges are likely to benefit from these in situ/operando techniques, including the inhomogeneous reactions of high-energy-density cathodes, the development of safe and reversible Li metal plating, and the development of stable SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hai Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- Interdisciplinary Division of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qipeng Yu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Xianying Qin
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Materials and Devices Testing Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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35
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Yu P, Long X, Zhang N, Feng X, Fu J, Zheng S, Ren G, Liu Z, Wang C, Liu X. Charge Distribution on S and Intercluster Bond Evolution in Mo 6S 8 during the Electrochemical Insertion of Small Cations Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1159-1166. [PMID: 30789737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mo6S8 is regarded as a promising cathode material in rechargeable Mg batteries. Despite extensive studies, some fundamental questions are still unclarified, including the origination of the chemical stability, key factors inducing the structural evolution, and the factors determining the electrochemical reversibility. Herein Mo L2,3 and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy are utilized to uncover the underlying mechanism. Two kinds of S with different effective charge are found, indicating the nonuniform charge distribution. With one cation inserted, the charge distribution becomes homogeneous, relevant to the chemical stability and electrochemical reversibility. The structural evolution is attributed to the change of bond length induced by the delocalization of inserted cations. Moreover, the evolution of intercluster Mo-Mo bond length can be revealed by the drastic change of the S K pre-edge and is closely related to the electrochemical reversibility. This study can shed light on the aforementioned questions and guide the development of Mg cathode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies , Liyang City , Jiangsu 213300 , China
| | - Xinghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Nian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Shun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Guoxi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies , Liyang City , Jiangsu 213300 , China
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 200031 , China
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36
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Roscher V, Rittweger F, Riemschneider KR. Electrochromic Effect of Indium Tin Oxide in Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cathodes for State-of-Charge Determination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6900-6906. [PMID: 30557001 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the origin of an optical effect in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cathodes, which depends on the electrical charge transferred into the battery. Utilizing indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electrode additive, we were able to observe a change in reflectivity of the cathode during charging and discharging with lithiation and delithiation being clearly visible in the form of lithiation fronts. Further investigations using in situ video microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy on test cells with an optical window indicate that ITO additionally acts as an electrochromic marker within the LFP cathode. This enhances the optical effect due to local potentials around the lithiation fronts, which enables the voltage-dependent reflectivity of the ITO to be visible in the LFP cathode. Structural analysis with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography is presented as well. The observed effect allows for novel battery research methods and for a possible commercial application as a sensor for state-of-charge estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Roscher
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering , Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , 20099 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Florian Rittweger
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering , Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , 20099 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Karl-Ragmar Riemschneider
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering , Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , 20099 Hamburg , Germany
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37
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Phan AT, Gheribi AE, Chartrand P. Modeling of coherent phase transformation and particle size effect in LiFePO4 cathode material and application to the charging/discharging process. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Fu Q, Sarapulova A, Trouillet V, Zhu L, Fauth F, Mangold S, Welter E, Indris S, Knapp M, Dsoke S, Bramnik N, Ehrenberg H. In Operando Synchrotron Diffraction and in Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigations of Orthorhombic V 2O 5 Nanowires as Cathode Materials for Mg-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2305-2315. [PMID: 30652858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Orthorhombic V2O5 nanowires were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. A cell-configuration system was built utilizing V2O5 as the cathode and 1 M Mg(ClO4)2 electrolyte within acetonitrile, together with Mg xMo6S8 ( x ≈ 2) as the anode to investigate the structural evolution and oxidation state and local structural changes of V2O5. The V2O5 nanowires deliver an initial discharge/charge capacity of 103 mAh g-1/110 mAh g-1 and the highest discharge capacity of 130 mAh g-1 in the sixth cycle at C/20 rate in the cell-configuration system. In operando synchrotron diffraction and in operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy together with ex situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the reversibility of magnesium insertion/extraction and provide information on the crystal structure evolution and changes of the oxidation states during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Angelina Sarapulova
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Francois Fauth
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron , E-08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Stefan Mangold
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Edmund Welter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY-A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstrasse 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstrasse 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Sonia Dsoke
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstrasse 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Natalia Bramnik
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU) , Helmholtzstrasse 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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39
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Richter JB, Eßbach C, Senkovska I, Kaskel S, Brunner E. Quantitative in situ13C NMR studies of the electro-catalytic oxidation of ethanol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6042-6045. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02660f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The newly developed pouch cells offer a sensitive method to analyse various products of electrocatalytic reactions, especially of the alcohol oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Eßbach
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I
- TU Dresden
- Bergstraße 66
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I
- TU Dresden
- Bergstraße 66
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I
- TU Dresden
- Bergstraße 66
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Bergstraße 66
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
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40
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Transition metal doped Sb@SnO 2 nanoparticles for photochemical and electrochemical oxidation of cysteine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12348. [PMID: 30120377 PMCID: PMC6098097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (TM-SnO2) were synthesized by applying a thermos-synthesis method, which first involved doping SnO2 with Sb and then with transition metals (TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, or Co) of various concentrations to enhance a catalytic effect of SnO2. The doped particles were then analyzed by using various surface analysis techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES). We evaluated the catalytic effects of these doped particles on the oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) in aqueous solution by taking electrochemical measurements and on the photocatalytic oxidation of Cys by using HRPES under UV illumination. Through the spectral analysis, we found that the Cr- and Mn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit enhanced catalytic activities, which according to the various surface analyses were due to the effects of the sizes of the particles and electronegativity differences between the dopant metal and SnO2.
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41
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Mu L, Lin R, Xu R, Han L, Xia S, Sokaras D, Steiner JD, Weng TC, Nordlund D, Doeff MM, Liu Y, Zhao K, Xin HL, Lin F. Oxygen Release Induced Chemomechanical Breakdown of Layered Cathode Materials. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3241-3249. [PMID: 29667835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and mechanical properties interplay on the nanometric scale and collectively govern the functionalities of battery materials. Understanding the relationship between the two can inform the design of battery materials with optimal chemomechanical properties for long-life lithium batteries. Herein, we report a mechanism of nanoscale mechanical breakdown in layered oxide cathode materials, originating from oxygen release at high states of charge under thermal abuse conditions. We observe that the mechanical breakdown of charged Li1- xNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 materials proceeds via a two-step pathway involving intergranular and intragranular crack formation. Owing to the oxygen release, sporadic phase transformations from the layered structure to the spinel and/or rocksalt structures introduce local stress, which initiates microcracks along grain boundaries and ultimately leads to the detachment of primary particles, i.e., intergranular crack formation. Furthermore, intragranular cracks (pores and exfoliations) form, likely due to the accumulation of oxygen vacancies and continuous phase transformations at the surfaces of primary particles. Finally, finite element modeling confirms our experimental observation that the crack formation is attributable to the formation of oxygen vacancies, oxygen release, and phase transformations. This study is designed to directly observe the chemomechanical behavior of layered oxide cathode materials and provides a chemical basis for strengthening primary and secondary particles by stabilizing the oxygen anions in the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqin Mu
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Lili Han
- Center for Electron Microscopy, TUT-FEI Joint Laboratory, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Sihao Xia
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - James D Steiner
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Marca M Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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42
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YAMANAKA K, NAKANISHI K, WATANABE I, OHTA T. Operando Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of an All-solid-state Lithium-ion Battery Using a NASICON-type Lithium Conductive Glass Ceramic Sheet. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.17-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iwao WATANABE
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University
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43
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Wu J, Sallis S, Qiao R, Li Q, Zhuo Z, Dai K, Guo Z, Yang W. Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Vis Exp 2018:57415. [PMID: 29733322 PMCID: PMC6100655 DOI: 10.3791/57415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy storage has become more and more a limiting factor of today's sustainable energy applications, including electric vehicles and green electric grid based on volatile solar and wind sources. The pressing demand of developing high-performance electrochemical energy storage solutions, i.e., batteries, relies on both fundamental understanding and practical developments from both the academy and industry. The formidable challenge of developing successful battery technology stems from the different requirements for different energy-storage applications. Energy density, power, stability, safety, and cost parameters all have to be balanced in batteries to meet the requirements of different applications. Therefore, multiple battery technologies based on different materials and mechanisms need to be developed and optimized. Incisive tools that could directly probe the chemical reactions in various battery materials are becoming critical to advance the field beyond its conventional trial-and-error approach. Here, we present detailed protocols for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (sXES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments, which are inherently elemental-sensitive probes of the transition-metal 3d and anion 2p states in battery compounds. We provide the details on the experimental techniques and demonstrations revealing the key chemical states in battery materials through these soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University; Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
| | - Shawn Sallis
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
| | - Qinghao Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
| | - Kehua Dai
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;
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44
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DFT study of nano zinc/copper voltaic cells. J Mol Model 2018; 24:103. [PMID: 29572731 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the development of new materials for use in batteries, it is necessary to develop ab initio full-electron computational techniques for modeling potential new battery materials. Here, we tested density functional theory procedures that are accurate enough to obtain the energetics of a zinc/copper voltaic cell. We found the magnitude of the zero-point energy correction to be 0.01-0.2 kcal/mol per atom or molecule and the magnitude of the dispersion correction to be 0.1-0.6 kcal/mol per atom or molecule for Zn n , (H2O) n , [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and Cu n . Counterpoise correction significantly affected the values of ∆[Formula: see text], ∆[Formula: see text], and ∆Esolv by 1.0-3.1 kcal/mol per atom or molecule at the B3PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory, but by only 0.04-0.4 kcal/mol per atom or molecule at the B3PW91/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The application of B3PW91/6-31G(d) yielded results that differed from macroscopic experimental values by 0.1-7.1 kcal/mol per atom or molecule, whereas applying B3PW91/cc-pVTZ produced results that differed from macroscopic experimental values by 0.1-4.8 kcal/mol per atom or molecule, with the smallest differences occurring for reactions with a small macroscopic experimental ∆E and the largest differences occurring for reactions with a large macroscopic experimental ∆E, implying size consistency.
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45
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Lininger CN, Brady NW, West AC. Equilibria and Rate Phenomena from Atomistic to Mesoscale: Simulation Studies of Magnetite. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:583-590. [PMID: 29498267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Batteries are dynamic devices composed of multiple components that operate far from equilibrium and may operate under extreme stress and varying loads. Studies of isolated battery components are valuable to the fundamental understanding of the physical processes occurring within each constituent element. When the components are integrated into a full device and operated under realistic conditions, it can be difficult to decouple the physical processes that occur across multiple interfaces and multiple length scales. Thus, the physical processes studied in isolated components may change in a full battery setup or may be irrelevant to performance. Simulation studies on many length scales play a key role in the analysis of experiments and in the elucidation of the relevant physical processes impacting performance. In this Account, we aim to highlight the use of modeling on multiple length scales to identify rate limiting phenomena in lithium-ion batteries. To illustrate the utility of modeling, we examine lithium-ion batteries with nanostructured magnetite, Fe3O4, as the positive electrode active material against a solid Li0 negative electrode. Due to continuous operation away from equilibrium, batteries exhibit highly nonideal behavior, and a model that aims to reproduce behavior under realistic operating conditions must be able to capture the physics occurring on the length scales relevant to the performance of the system. It is our experience that limiting behavior in lithium-ion batteries can be observed on the atomic scale and up through the electrode scale and thus, predictive models must be capable of integrating and communicating physics across multiple length scales. Magnetite is studied as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, but it is found to suffer from slow solid-state transport of lithium, slow reaction kinetics, and poor cycling. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a material capable of undergoing multiple electron transfers (MET), and can accept up to eight lithium per formula unit (Li8Fe3O4). Magnetite, (Fe8a3+)[Fe3+Fe2+]16dO4,32e2-, has a close-packed inverse spinel structure and undergoes intercalation, structural rearrangement, and conversion reactions upon full lithiation. (1) To overcome solid-state transport resistances, magnetite can be nanostructured to decrease Li+ diffusion lengths, and this has been shown to increase capacity. Additionally, unique architectures incorporating both carbon and Fe3O4 have shown to alleviate transport and cycling issues in the material. (2) Here, we solely address traditional composite electrodes, in which Fe3O4 is synthesized as nanoparticles and combined with additives to fabricate the electrode. In the case of nanoparticulate magnetite, it has been found that the electrode fabrication process results in the formation of micrometer-sized agglomerates of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, introducing a secondary structural motif. The agglomerates may form in one or more fabrication processes, and their elimination may not be straightforward or warranted. Here, we highlight the impact of these secondary formations on the performance of the Fe3O4 lithium-ion battery. We illustrate how simulations can be used to design experiments, prioritize research efforts, and predict performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna N. Lininger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alan C. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Xu J, Sun M, Qiao R, Renfrew SE, Ma L, Wu T, Hwang S, Nordlund D, Su D, Amine K, Lu J, McCloskey BD, Yang W, Tong W. Elucidating anionic oxygen activity in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 29507369 PMCID: PMC5838240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has explored combining conventional transition-metal redox with anionic lattice oxygen redox as a new and exciting direction to search for high-capacity lithium-ion cathodes. Here, we probe the poorly understood electrochemical activity of anionic oxygen from a material perspective by elucidating the effect of the transition metal on oxygen redox activity. We study two lithium-rich layered oxides, specifically lithium nickel metal oxides where metal is either manganese or ruthenium, which possess a similar structure and discharge characteristics, but exhibit distinctly different charge profiles. By combining X-ray spectroscopy with operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, we reveal completely different oxygen redox activity in each material, likely resulting from the different interaction between the lattice oxygen and transition metals. This work provides additional insights into the complex mechanism of oxygen redox and development of advanced high-capacity lithium-ion cathodes. A reversible oxygen redox process contributes extra capacity and understanding this behavior is of high importance. Here, aided by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, the authors reveal the distinctive anionic oxygen activity of battery electrodes with different transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meiling Sun
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sara E Renfrew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Dong Su
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Wei Tong
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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47
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Gent WE, Lim K, Liang Y, Li Q, Barnes T, Ahn SJ, Stone KH, McIntire M, Hong J, Song JH, Li Y, Mehta A, Ermon S, Tyliszczak T, Kilcoyne D, Vine D, Park JH, Doo SK, Toney MF, Yang W, Prendergast D, Chueh WC. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29233965 PMCID: PMC5727078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide positive electrodes offer access to anion redox at high potentials, thereby promising high energy densities for lithium-ion batteries. However, anion redox is also associated with several unfavorable electrochemical properties, such as open-circuit voltage hysteresis. Here we reveal that in Li1.17-x Ni0.21Co0.08Mn0.54O2, these properties arise from a strong coupling between anion redox and cation migration. We combine various X-ray spectroscopic, microscopic, and structural probes to show that partially reversible transition metal migration decreases the potential of the bulk oxygen redox couple by > 1 V, leading to a reordering in the anionic and cationic redox potentials during cycling. First principles calculations show that this is due to the drastic change in the local oxygen coordination environments associated with the transition metal migration. We propose that this mechanism is involved in stabilizing the oxygen redox couple, which we observe spectroscopically to persist for 500 charge/discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Gent
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kipil Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yufeng Liang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qinghao Li
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Taylor Barnes
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Ahn
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Kevin H Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mitchell McIntire
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jihyun Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jay Hyok Song
- Energy1lab, Samsung SDI, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stefano Ermon
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Kilcoyne
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Vine
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Park
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kwang Doo
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Wanli Yang
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Wu J, Song J, Dai K, Zhuo Z, Wray LA, Liu G, Shen ZX, Zeng R, Lu Y, Yang W. Modification of Transition-Metal Redox by Interstitial Water in Hexacyanometalate Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18358-18364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wu
- Geballe
Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jie Song
- Novasis Energies, Inc., Vancouver, Washington 98683, United States
| | - Kehua Dai
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School
of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of
Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - L. Andrew Wray
- Department
of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Gao Liu
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhi-xun Shen
- Geballe
Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Novasis Energies, Inc., Vancouver, Washington 98683, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Li B, Xia D. Anionic Redox in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701054. [PMID: 28660661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinarily high capacities delivered by lithium-rich oxide cathodes, compared with conventional layered oxide electrodes, are a result of contributions from both cationic and anionic redox processes. This phenomenon has invoked a lot of research exploring new kinds of lithium-rich oxides with multiple-electron redox processes. Though proposed many years ago, anionic redox is now regarded to be crucial in further developing high-capacity electrodes. A basic overview of the previous work on anionic redox is given, and issues related to electronic and geometric structures are discussed, including the principles of activation, reversibility, and the energy barrier of anionic redox. Anionic redox also leads to capacity loss and structural degradation, as well as voltage hysteresis, which shows the importance of controlling anionic redox reactions. Finally, the techniques used for characterizing anionic redox processes are reviewed to aid the rational choice of techniques in future studies. Important perspectives are highlighted, which should instruct future work concerning anionic redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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50
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Zheng X, Zhang B, De Luna P, Liang Y, Comin R, Voznyy O, Han L, García de Arquer FP, Liu M, Dinh CT, Regier T, Dynes JJ, He S, Xin HL, Peng H, Prendergast D, Du X, Sargent EH. Theory-driven design of high-valence metal sites for water oxidation confirmed using in situ soft X-ray absorption. Nat Chem 2017; 10:149-154. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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