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Varghese SS, Hernandez-De La Peña AG, Dhawan S. Safeguarding genomic integrity in beta-cells: implications for beta-cell differentiation, growth, and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20231519. [PMID: 39364746 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of optimal glucose levels in the body requires a healthy reserve of the insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells. Depletion of this reserve due to beta-cell dysfunction and death results in development of diabetes. Recent findings highlight unresolved DNA damage as a key contributor to beta-cell defects in diabetes. Beta-cells face various stressors and metabolic challenges throughout life, rendering them susceptible to DNA breaks. The post-mitotic, long-lived phenotype of mature beta-cells further warrants robust maintenance of genomic integrity. Failure to resolve DNA damage during beta-cell development, therefore, can result in an unhealthy reserve of beta-cells and predispose to diabetes. Yet, the molecular mechanisms safeguarding beta-cell genomic integrity remain poorly understood. Here, we focus on the significance of DNA damage in beta-cell homeostasis and postulate how cellular expansion, epigenetic programming, and metabolic shifts during development may impact beta-cell genomic integrity and health. We discuss recent findings demonstrating a physiological role for DNA breaks in modulating transcriptional control in neurons, which share many developmental programs with beta-cells. Finally, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of beta-cell genomic integrity and discuss emerging areas of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Varghese
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, U.S.A
| | | | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, U.S.A
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2
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Ramos-Rodríguez M, Subirana-Granés M, Norris R, Sordi V, Fernández Á, Fuentes-Páez G, Pérez-González B, Berenguer Balaguer C, Raurell-Vila H, Chowdhury M, Corripio R, Partelli S, López-Bigas N, Pellegrini S, Montanya E, Nacher M, Falconi M, Layer R, Rovira M, González-Pérez A, Piemonti L, Pasquali L. Implications of noncoding regulatory functions in the development of insulinomas. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100604. [PMID: 38959898 PMCID: PMC11406191 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from pancreatic β cells, characterized by aberrant proliferation and altered insulin secretion, leading to glucose homeostasis failure. With the aim of uncovering the role of noncoding regulatory regions and their aberrations in the development of these tumors, we coupled epigenetic and transcriptome profiling with whole-genome sequencing. As a result, we unraveled somatic mutations associated with changes in regulatory functions. Critically, these regions impact insulin secretion, tumor development, and epigenetic modifying genes, including polycomb complex components. Chromatin remodeling is apparent in insulinoma-selective domains shared across patients, containing a specific set of regulatory sequences dominated by the SOX17 binding motif. Moreover, many of these regions are H3K27me3 repressed in β cells, suggesting that tumoral transition involves derepression of polycomb-targeted domains. Our work provides a compendium of aberrant cis-regulatory elements affecting the function and fate of β cells in their progression to insulinomas and a framework to identify coding and noncoding driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Ramos-Rodríguez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Subirana-Granés
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Norris
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ángel Fernández
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Fuentes-Páez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-González
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Berenguer Balaguer
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Raurell-Vila
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Murad Chowdhury
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreas Translational & Research Institute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Nacher
- Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreas Translational & Research Institute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ryan Layer
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel González-Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Hong X, Zhang X, Jiang R, Qiao S, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang J, Yin B, Li F, Ling C, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wu K, Wu W. A cross-species transcriptomic analysis reveals a novel 2-dimensional classification system explaining the invasiveness heterogeneity of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Cancer Lett 2024:217131. [PMID: 39048044 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), the second most common type of primary pancreatic tumors, display notable heterogeneity in invasiveness. Current knowledge regarding genomic alterations, including DAXX/ATRX, MEN1 mutations, and copy number variations (CNVs), provides some insights into tumor invasiveness. However, the underlying reasons for the significant variation in invasiveness between insulinoma and other types of PanNETs remain unclear. To construct a comprehensive model for the stratification of prognosis, we employed analysis of both the well-established Rip1-Tag2 (RT2) mouse model of PanNETs and human PanNETs with various functional types. Firstly, by applying single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing in PanNETs from different ages and strains of RT2 mice and human PanNETs, we introduced a 2-dimensional (2D) classification system. Based on the 2-D classification system, human PanNETs were mainly classified as benign insulinomas or non-insulinomas subclusters. Non-insulinomas subtypes mainly included gastrinomas, glucagonomas, VIPomas, and NF-PanNETs, which all exhibited potential invasiveness. In addition, we discovered an enrichment of specific CNV patterns and mutations in corresponding human PanNET subclusters. Then we denoted somatic DAXX/ATRX as the 'second hit' and confounding factors for invasiveness. Finally, by combining the 2D system, DAXX/ATRX mutation status, and tumor diameter, a group of indolent PanNETs with minimal recurrence risk was identified. In conclusion, our current work constructed a comprehensive model to elucidate the heterogeneity of invasiveness in PanNETs and improve prognostic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xingwu Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu hospital capital medical university, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Sitan Qiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingqiao Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bohui Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | | | - Chao Ling
- The Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences& Peking Union Medical, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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4
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Savad S, Modarressi MH, Younesi S, Seifi-Alan M, Samadaian N, Masoomy M, Dianatpour M, Norouzi S, Amidi S, Boroumand A, Ashrafi MR, Ronagh A, Eslami M, Hashemnejad M, Nourian S, Mohammadi S, Taheri Amin MM, Heidari M, Seifi-Alan M, Shojaaldini Ardakani H, Aghamahdi F, Khalilian S, Ghafouri-Fard S. A Comprehensive Overview of NF1 Mutations in Iranian Patients. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:28. [PMID: 38954284 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. This disorder shows nearly complete penetrance and high phenotypic variability. We used the whole-exome sequencing technique to identify mutations in 32 NF1 cases from 22 Iranian families. A total of 31 variants, including 30 point mutations and one large deletion, were detected. In eight cases, variants were inherited, while they were sporadic in the remaining. Seven novel variants, including c.5576 T > G, c.6658_6659insC, c.2322dupT, c.92_93insAA, c.4360C > T, c.3814C > T, and c.4565_4566delinsC, were identified. The current study is the largest in terms of the sample size of Iranian NF1 cases with identified mutations. The results can broaden the spectrum of NF1 mutations and facilitate the process of genetic counseling in the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarang Younesi
- Prenatal Screening Department, Nilou Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Seifi-Alan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mona Masoomy
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Human Genetic, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ronagh
- Department of Pediatrics Neurologists, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemnejad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kamali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahab Nourian
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolisms, Emam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mohammadi
- Comprehensive Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Heidari
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Seifi-Alan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Aghamahdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sheyda Khalilian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Zhang XB, Fan YB, Jing R, Getu MA, Chen WY, Zhang W, Dong HX, Dakal TC, Hayat A, Cai HJ, Ashrafizadeh M, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Liu P, Li TF, Sethi G, Ahn KS, Ertas YN, Chen MJ, Ji JS, Ma L, Gong P. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current development, challenges, and clinical perspectives. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:35. [PMID: 38835066 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are the most common subtype of NENs. Historically, GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies; however, recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades. In addition, an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy. These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs. In this review, we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yi-Bao Fan
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Mikiyas Amare Getu
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wan-Ying Chen
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hong-Xia Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hua-Jun Cai
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Tian-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Türkiye
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Min-Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General SurgeryInstitute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbiomics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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6
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Uccella S. Molecular Classification of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are We Ready for That? Endocr Pathol 2024; 35:91-106. [PMID: 38470548 PMCID: PMC11176254 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the increasing availability of technologies for molecular analyses has allowed an insight in the genomic alterations of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. This knowledge has confirmed, supported, and informed the pathological classification of NEN, clarifying the differences between neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and helping to define the G3 NET category. At the same time, the identification genomic alterations, in terms of gene mutation, structural abnormalities, and epigenetic changes differentially involved in the pathogenesis of NEC and NET has identified potential molecular targets for precision therapy. This review critically recapitulates the available molecular features of digestive NEC and NET, highlighting their correlates with pathological aspects and clinical characteristics of these neoplasms and revising their role as predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy. In this context, the feasibility and applicability of a molecular classification of gastrointestinal and pancreatic NEN will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Uccella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Pathology Service IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Andersen KØ, Detlefsen S, Brusgaard K, Christesen HT. Well-differentiated G1 and G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis of published expanded DNA sequencing data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1351624. [PMID: 38868744 PMCID: PMC11167081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1351624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) can be non-functional or functional, e.g. insulinoma and glucagonoma. The majority of PNETs are sporadic, but PNETs also occur in hereditary syndromes, primarily multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). The Knudson hypothesis stated a second, somatic hit in MEN1 as the cause of PNETs of MEN1 syndrome. In the recent years, reports on genetic somatic events in both sporadic and hereditary PNETs have emerged, providing a basis for a more detailed molecular understanding of the pathophysiology. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we made a collation and statistical analysis of aggregated frequent genetic alterations and potential driver events in human grade G1/G2 PNETs. Methods A systematic search was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines of 2020. A search in Pubmed for published studies using whole exome, whole genome, or targeted gene panel (+400 genes) sequencing of human G1/G2 PNETs was conducted at the 25th of September 2023. Fourteen datasets from published studies were included with data on 221 patients and 225 G1/G2 PNETs, which were divided into sporadic tumors, and hereditary tumors with pre-disposing germline variants, and tumors with unknown germline status. Further, non-functioning and functioning PNETs were distinguished into two groups for pathway evaluation. The collated genetical analyses were conducted using the 'maftools' R-package. Results Sporadic PNETs accounted 72.0% (162/225), hereditary PNETs 13.3% (30/225), unknown germline status 14.7% (33/225). The most frequently altered gene was MEN1, with somatic variants and copy number variations in overall 42% (95/225); hereditary PNETs (germline variations in MEN1, VHL, CHEK2, BRCA2, PTEN, CDKN1B, and/or MUTYH) 57% (16/30); sporadic PNETs 36% (58/162); unknown germline status 64% (21/33). The MEN1 point mutations/indels were distributed throughout MEN1. Overall, DAXX (16%, 37/225) and ATRX-variants (12%, 27/225) were also abundant with missense mutations clustered in mutational hotspots associated with histone binding, and translocase activity, respectively. DAXX mutations occurred more frequently in PNETs with MEN1 mutations, p<0.05. While functioning PNETs shared few variated genes, non-functioning PNETs had more recurrent variations in genes associated with the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Wnt, NOTCH, and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Ras signaling onco-pathways. Discussion The somatic genetic alterations in G1/G2 PNETs are diverse, but with distinct differences between sporadic vs. hereditary, and functional vs. non-functional PNETs. Increased understanding of the genetic alterations may lead to identification of more drivers and driver hotspots in the tumorigenesis in well-differentiated PNETs, potentially giving a basis for the identification of new drug targets. (Funded by Novo Nordisk Foundation, grant number NNF19OC0057915).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Øster Andersen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Thybo Christesen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense, Denmark
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8
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Hofland J, Refardt JC, Feelders RA, Christ E, de Herder WW. Approach to the Patient: Insulinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1109-1118. [PMID: 37925662 PMCID: PMC10940262 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulinomas are hormone-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with an estimated incidence of 1 to 4 cases per million per year. Extrapancreatic insulinomas are extremely rare. Most insulinomas present with the Whipple triad: (1) symptoms, signs, or both consistent with hypoglycemia; (2) a low plasma glucose measured at the time of the symptoms and signs; and (3) relief of symptoms and signs when the glucose is raised to normal. Nonmetastatic insulinomas are nowadays referred to as "indolent" and metastatic insulinomas as "aggressive." The 5-year survival of patients with an indolent insulinoma has been reported to be 94% to 100%; for patients with an aggressive insulinoma, this amounts to 24% to 67%. Five percent to 10% of insulinomas are associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Localization of the insulinoma and exclusion or confirmation of metastatic disease by computed tomography is followed by endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging for indolent, localized insulinomas. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography or positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging is a highly sensitive localization technique for seemingly occult, indolent, localized insulinomas. Supportive measures and somatostatin receptor ligands can be used for to control hypoglycemia. For single solitary insulinomas, curative surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. In aggressive malignant cases, debulking procedures, somatostatin receptor ligands, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, everolimus, sunitinib, and cytotoxic chemotherapy can be valuable options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hofland
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Refardt
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Feelders
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel Christ
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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10
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Gaspar TB, Jesus TT, Azevedo MT, Macedo S, Soares MA, Martins RS, Leite R, Rodrigues L, Rodrigues DF, Cardoso L, Borges I, Canberk S, Gärtner F, Miranda-Alves L, Lopes JM, Soares P, Vinagre J. Generation of an Obese Diabetic Mouse Model upon Conditional Atrx Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113018. [PMID: 37296979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrx loss was recently ascertained as insufficient to drive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PanNET) formation in mice islets. We have identified a preponderant role of Atrx in the endocrine dysfunction in a Rip-Cre;AtrxKO genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). To validate the impact of a different Cre-driver line, we used similar methodologies and characterised the Pdx1-Cre;AtrxKO (P.AtrxKO) GEMM to search for PanNET formation and endocrine fitness disruption for a period of up to 24 months. Male and female mice presented different phenotypes. Compared to P.AtrxWT, P.AtrxHOM males were heavier during the entire study period, hyperglycaemic between 3 and 12 mo., and glucose intolerant only from 6 mo.; in contrast, P.AtrxHOM females started exhibiting increased weight gains later (after 6 mo.), but diabetes or glucose intolerance was detected by 3 mo. Overall, all studied mice were overweight or obese from early ages, which challenged the histopathological evaluation of the pancreas and liver, especially after 12 mo. Noteworthily, losing Atrx predisposed mice to an increase in intrapancreatic fatty infiltration (FI), peripancreatic fat deposition, and macrovesicular steatosis. As expected, no animal developed PanNETs. An obese diabetic GEMM of disrupted Atrx is presented as potentially useful for metabolic studies and as a putative candidate for inserting additional tumourigenic genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tito Teles Jesus
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Macedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Alves Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rui Sousa Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Leite
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ferreira Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário (Cedivet), 4200-071 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Tarris G, Rouland A, Guillen K, Loffroy R, Lariotte AC, Rat P, Bouillet B, Andrianiaina H, Petit JM, Martin L. Case Report: Giant insulinoma, a very rare tumor causing hypoglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1125772. [PMID: 37234805 PMCID: PMC10206132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulinomas, with an incidence of 4 cases per million individuals per year, remain amongst the most frequent functional neuroendocrine tumors. The usual diameter of insulinomas usually remains under 3 cm of major axis. However, 44 exceptional cases of "giant insulinomas", have been reported worldwide, generally exceeding 9 cm in major axis. In this article, we report the case of a 38-year-old woman whom suffered from chronic hypoglycemia despite treatment with diazoxide. Abdominal CT-scan revealed a 88 x 73 mm mass located at the tail of the pancreas. Following surgical excision, histopathological analysis confirmed G1 neuroendocrine tumor, with focal cytoplasmic expression of insulin in tumor cells. After a 16-month follow-up period, the patient didn't address any specific complaint, and no disease recurrence and/or metastasis were observed. A 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET scan was performed 6 months after surgery, which came back normal. Genetic evaluation has not been performed in our patient. The physiopathology of giant insulinomas remain unexplained, however with possible relationship with type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia, sporadic somatic YY1 mutations and possible transformation of bulky non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors to a functional phenotype, with slow insulin secretion. While giant insulinomas remain rare in the literature, multicentric genetic analysis of tumor samples might reveal unique features of this rare subtype of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Insulinomas of large size tend to have greater malignancy and higher rates of invasiveness. Careful follow-up, especially for liver and lymph node metastases, must be performed using functional imaging techniques to avoid disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Tarris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Kévin Guillen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Romaric Loffroy
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Rat
- Department of Digestive and Bariatric Surgery, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Martin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
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12
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Kong G, Boehm E, Prall O, Murray WK, Tothill RW, Michael M. Integrating Functional Imaging and Molecular Profiling for Optimal Treatment Selection in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN). Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:465-478. [PMID: 36826704 PMCID: PMC10110720 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastroenteropancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN) are group of malignancies with significant clinical, anatomical and molecular heterogeneity. High-grade GEP-NEN in particular present unique management challenges. RECENT FINDINGS In the current era, multidisciplinary management with access to a combination of functional imaging and targeted molecular profiling can provide important disease characterisation, guide individualised management and improve patient outcome. Multiple treatment options are now available, and combination and novel therapies are being explored in clinical trials. Precision medicine is highly relevant for a heterogenous disease like NEN. The integration of dual-tracer functional PET/CT imaging, molecular histopathology and genomic data has the potential to be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of an individual patient's disease biology for precision diagnosis, prognostication and optimal treatment allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emma Boehm
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen Prall
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William K Murray
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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An Insight on Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020303. [PMID: 36830839 PMCID: PMC9953748 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare neoplasms arising from islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas. They can be divided into two groups, based on peptide hormone secretion, functioning and nonfunctioning PanNENs. The first group is characterized by different secreted peptides causing specific syndromes and is further classified into subgroups: insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, somatostatinoma, VIPoma and tumors producing serotonin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Conversely, the second group does not release peptides and is usually associated with a worse prognosis. Today, although the efforts to improve the therapeutic approaches, surgery remains the only curative treatment for patients with PanNENs. The development of high-throughput techniques has increased the molecular knowledge of PanNENs, thereby allowing us to understand better the molecular biology and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of PanNENs. Although enormous advancements in therapeutic and molecular aspects of PanNENs have been achieved, there is poor knowledge about each subgroup of functioning PanNENs.Therefore, we believe that combining high-throughput platforms with new diagnostic tools will allow for the efficient characterization of the main differences among the subgroups of functioning PanNENs. In this narrative review, we summarize the current landscape regarding diagnosis, molecular profiling and treatment, and we discuss the future perspectives of functioning PanNENs.
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14
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Wang Y, Wang F, Qin Y, Lou X, Ye Z, Zhang W, Gao H, Chen J, Xu X, Yu X, Ji S. Recent progress of experimental model in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: drawbacks and challenges. Endocrine 2023; 80:266-282. [PMID: 36648608 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine neoplasm, in general, refers to a heterogeneous group of all tumors originating from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are divided into two histopathological subtypes: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors account for more than 80% of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Due to the greater proportion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors compared to pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, this review will only focus on them. The worldwide incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is rising year by year due to sensitive detection with an emphasis on medical examinations and the improvement of testing technology. Although the biological behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors tends to be inert, distant metastasis is common, often occurring very early. Because of the paucity of basic research on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the mechanism of tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence are still unclear. In this context, the representative preclinical models simulating the tumor development process are becoming ever more widely appreciated to address the clinical problems of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. So far, there is no comprehensive report on the experimental model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This article systematically summarizes the characteristics of preclinical models, such as patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mouse models, and patient-derived organoids, and their advantages and disadvantages, to provide a reference for further studies of neuroendocrine tumors. We also highlight the method of establishment of liver metastasis mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heli Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Shen X, Wang X, Lu X, Zhao Y, Guan W. Molecular biology of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: From mechanism to translation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967071. [PMID: 36248960 PMCID: PMC9554633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors originated from progenitor cells. As these tumors are predominantly non-functional, most of them display asymptomatic characteristics, making it difficult to be realized from early onset. Therefore, patients with pNETs are usually diagnosed with metastatic disease or at a late disease stage. The relatively low incidence also limits our understanding of the biological background of pNETs, which largely impair the development of new effective drugs. The fact that up to 10% of pNETs develop in patients with genetic syndromes have promoted researchers to focus on the gene mutations and driver mutations in MEN1, DAXX/ATRX and mTOR signaling pathway genes have been implicated in disease development and progression. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have further enriched our knowledge of the complex molecular landscape of pNETs, pointing out crucial roles of genes in DNA damage pathways, chromosomal and telomere alterations and epigenetic dysregulation. These novel findings may not only benefit early diagnosis of pNETs, but also help to uncover tumor heterogeneity and shape the future of translational medical treatment. In this review, we focus on the current molecular biology of pNETs and decipher how these findings may translate into future development of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxian Guan, ; Yang Zhao,
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxian Guan, ; Yang Zhao,
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16
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Mohindroo C, McAllister F, De Jesus-Acosta A. Genetics of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:1033-1051. [PMID: 36154786 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) represent a relatively rare disease; however, the incidence has been increasing during the last 2 decades. Next generation sequencing has greatly increased our understanding of driver mutations in pNETs. Sporadic pNETs have consistently presented with mutations in MEN1, DAXX/ATRX, and genes related to the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Inherited pNETs have traditionally been associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and tuberous sclerosis complex. The current review expands on the existing knowledge and the relevant updates on the genetics of pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu Mohindroo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Unit 1360, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2435 W. Belvedere Ave, Ste 56, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Unit 1360, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana De Jesus-Acosta
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CRB1, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Rm 409, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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17
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Lou X, Qin Y, Xu X, Yu X, Ji S. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and clinical challenge of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188782. [PMID: 36028148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the course of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), they generally become more heterogeneous with individual cells exhibiting distinct molecular fingerprints. This heterogeneity manifests itself through an unequal distribution of genetically-variant, tumor cell subpopulations within disease locations (i.e., spatial heterogeneity) or changes in the genomic landscape over time (i.e., temporal heterogeneity); these characteristics complicate clinical diagnosis and treatment. Effective, feasible tumor heterogeneity detection and eradication methods are essential to overcome the clinical challenges of pancreatic NETs. This review explores the molecular fingerprints of pancreatic NETs and the spectrum of tumoral heterogeneity. We then describe the challenges of assessing heterogeneity by liquid biopsies and imaging modalities and the therapeutic challenges for pancreatic NETs. In general, navigating these challenges, refining approaches for translational research, and ultimately improving patient care are available once we have a better understanding of intratumoral spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lou
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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18
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Gaspar TB, Macedo S, Sá A, Soares MA, Rodrigues DF, Sousa M, Mendes N, Martins RS, Cardoso L, Borges I, Canberk S, Gärtner F, Miranda-Alves L, Sobrinho-Simões M, Lopes JM, Soares P, Vinagre J. Characterisation of an Atrx Conditional Knockout Mouse Model: Atrx Loss Causes Endocrine Dysfunction Rather Than Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163865. [PMID: 36010860 PMCID: PMC9406167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ATRX and DAXX mutations occur in 30–40% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs), and there are no reports in the literature of any genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) evaluating the effect of Atrx disruption as a putative driver event on PanNET initiation. We created a novel GEMM with Atrx conditional disruption in β cells. We observed that this genetic alteration, per se, was not tumourigenic, but we reported novel roles of Atrx on endocrine function, which resulted in dysglycaemia and the exacerbation of inflammageing (increased pancreatic inflammation and hepatic steatosis). Abstract ATRX is a chromatin remodeller that maintains telomere homeostasis. Loss of ATRX is described in approximately 10% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) and associated with poorer prognostic features. Here, we present a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) addressing the role of Atrx loss (AtrxKO) in pancreatic β cells, evaluating a large cohort of ageing mice (for up to 24 months (mo.)). Atrx loss did not cause PanNET formation but rather resulted in worsening of ageing-related pancreatic inflammation and endocrine dysfunction in the first year of life. Histopathological evaluation highlighted an exacerbated prevalence and intensity of pancreatic inflammation, ageing features, and hepatic steatosis in AtrxKO mice. Homozygous floxed mice presented hyperglycaemia, increased weights, and glucose intolerance after 6 months, but alterations in insulinaemia were not detected. Floxed individuals presented an improper growth of their pancreatic endocrine fraction that may explain such an endocrine imbalance. A pilot study of BRACO-19 administration to AtrxKO mice resulted in telomere instability, reinforcing the involvement of Atrx in the maintenance of β cell telomere homeostasis. Thereby, a non-obese dysglycaemic GEMM of disrupted Atrx is here presented as potentially useful for metabolic studies and putative candidate for inserting additional tumourigenic genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Macedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sá
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Alves Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário (Cedivet), 4200-071 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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Martins Peçanha FL, Jaafar R, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Apostolopolou CC, Bhushan A, Bernal-Mizrachi E. The Transcription Factor YY1 Is Essential for Normal DNA Repair and Cell Cycle in Human and Mouse β-Cells. Diabetes 2022; 71:1694-1705. [PMID: 35594378 PMCID: PMC9490361 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms behind the β-cell adaptation to failure is important to develop strategies to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using db/db mice at early stages of the disease process, we took advantage of unbiased RNA sequencing to identify genes/pathways regulated by insulin resistance in β-cells. We demonstrate herein that islets from 4-week-old nonobese and nondiabetic leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice exhibited downregulation of several genes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. We identified the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as a common gene between both pathways. The expression of YY1 and its targeted genes was decreased in the db/db islets. We confirmed the reduction in YY1 expression in β-cells from diabetic db/db mice, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and individuals with T2D. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing profiling in EndoC-βH1 cells, a human pancreatic β-cell line, indicated that YY1 binding regions regulate cell cycle control and DNA damage recognition and repair. We then generated mouse models with constitutive and inducible YY1 deficiency in β-cells. YY1-deficient mice developed diabetes early in life due to β-cell loss. β-Cells from these mice exhibited higher DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell death as well as decreased maturation markers. Tamoxifen-induced YY1 deficiency in mature β-cells impaired β-cell function and induced DNA damage. In summary, we identified YY1 as a critical factor for β-cell DNA repair and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Jaafar
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL
- Corresponding author: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi,
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20
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Crabtree JS. Epigenetic Regulation in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901435. [PMID: 35747820 PMCID: PMC9209739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare, diverse group of neuroendocrine tumors that form in the pancreatic and gastrointestinal tract, and often present with side effects due to hormone hypersecretion. The pathogenesis of these tumors is known to be linked to several genetic disorders, but sporadic tumors occur due to dysregulation of additional genes that regulate proliferation and metastasis, but also the epigenome. Epigenetic regulation in these tumors includes DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and regulation by noncoding RNAs. Several large studies demonstrate the identification of epigenetic signatures that may serve as biomarkers, and others identify innovative, epigenetics-based targets that utilize both pharmacological and theranostic approaches towards the development of new treatment approaches.
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21
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Cigrovski Berkovic M, Ulamec M, Marinovic S, Balen I, Mrzljak A. Malignant insulinoma: Can we predict the long-term outcomes? World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5124-5132. [PMID: 35812675 PMCID: PMC9210919 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i16.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulinomas are the most frequent type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with a variety of neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptoms and well-defined diagnostic criteria; however, prediction of their clinical behavior and early differentiation between benign and malignant lesions remain a challenge. The comparative studies between benign and malignant cases are limited, suggesting that short clinical history, early hypoglycemia during fasting, high proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations raise suspicion of malignancy. Indeed, malignant tumors are larger with higher mitotic count and Ki-67 proliferative activity, but there are no accurate histological criteria to distinguish benign from malignant forms. Several signaling pathways have been suggested to affect the pathophysiology and behavior of insulinomas; however, our knowledge is limited, urging a further understanding of molecular genetics. Therefore, there is a need for the identification of reliable markers of metastatic disease that could also serve as therapeutic targets in patients with malignant insulinoma. This opinion review reflects on current gaps in diagnostic and clinical aspects related to the malignant behavior of insulinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Department of Pathology and Cytology “Ljudevit Jurak”, University Hospital Center “Sestre milosrdnice”, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sonja Marinovic
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Balen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, General Hospital “Dr. Josip Bencevic”, Slavonski Brod 35000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UHC Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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22
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Analysis of polymorphisms in EGF, EGFR and HER2 genes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Cancer Genet 2022; 266-267:44-50. [PMID: 35777127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Simon T, Riemer P, Jarosch A, Detjen K, Di Domenico A, Bormann F, Menne A, Khouja S, Monjé N, Childs LH, Lenze D, Leser U, Rossner F, Morkel M, Blüthgen N, Pavel M, Horst D, Capper D, Marinoni I, Perren A, Mamlouk S, Sers C. DNA methylation reveals distinct cells of origin for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Genome Med 2022; 14:24. [PMID: 35227293 PMCID: PMC8886788 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) fall into two subclasses: the well-differentiated, low- to high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), and the poorly-differentiated, high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). While recent studies suggest an endocrine descent of PanNETs, the origin of PanNECs remains unknown. Methods We performed DNA methylation analysis for 57 PanNEN samples and found that distinct methylation profiles separated PanNENs into two major groups, clearly distinguishing high-grade PanNECs from other PanNETs including high-grade NETG3. DNA alterations and immunohistochemistry of cell-type markers PDX1, ARX, and SOX9 were utilized to further characterize PanNECs and their cell of origin in the pancreas. Results Phylo-epigenetic and cell-type signature features derived from alpha, beta, acinar, and ductal adult cells suggest an exocrine cell of origin for PanNECs, thus separating them in cell lineage from other PanNENs of endocrine origin. Conclusions Our study provides a robust and clinically applicable method to clearly distinguish PanNECs from G3 PanNETs, improving patient stratification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01018-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tincy Simon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Riemer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Jarosch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Detjen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Menne
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slim Khouja
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanna Monjé
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam H Childs
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Leser
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Rossner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Integrative Research Institute (IRI) Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marianne Pavel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Marinoni
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soulafa Mamlouk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Ji H, Fan L, Shan A, Wang W, Ning G, Cao Y, Jiang X. Let7b-5p inhibits insulin secretion and decreases pancreatic β-cell mass in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 540:111506. [PMID: 34801668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are crucial regulators for the development, mass and function of pancreatic β-cells. MiRNA dysregulation is associated with β-cell dysfunction and development of diabetes. The members of let7 family are important players in regulating cellular growth and metabolism. In this study we investigated the functional role of let7b-5p in the mouse pancreatic β-cells. We generated pancreatic β-cell-specific let7b-5p transgenic mouse model and analyzed the glucose metabolic phenotype, β-cells mass and insulin secretion in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay, immunofluorescence staining and western blot were carried out to study the target genes of let7b-5p in β-cells. Let7b-5p overexpression impaired the insulin production and secretion of β-cells and resulted impaired glucose tolerance in mice. The overexpressed let7b-5p inhibited pancreatic β-cell proliferation and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D2. Our findings demonstrated that let7b-5p was critical in regulating the proliferation and insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ji
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijing Shan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Key Scientific Infrastructure for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Huang X, Huang K, Johnson T, Radovich M, Zhang J, Ma J, Wang Y. ParsVNN: parsimony visible neural networks for uncovering cancer-specific and drug-sensitive genes and pathways. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab097. [PMID: 34729476 PMCID: PMC8557386 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of cancer-specific drug responses as well as identification of the corresponding drug-sensitive genes and pathways remains a major biological and clinical challenge. Deep learning models hold immense promise for better drug response predictions, but most of them cannot provide biological and clinical interpretability. Visible neural network (VNN) models have emerged to solve the problem by giving neurons biological meanings and directly casting biological networks into the models. However, the biological networks used in VNNs are often redundant and contain components that are irrelevant to the downstream predictions. Therefore, the VNNs using these redundant biological networks are overparameterized, which significantly limits VNNs' predictive and explanatory power. To overcome the problem, we treat the edges and nodes in biological networks used in VNNs as features and develop a sparse learning framework ParsVNN to learn parsimony VNNs with only edges and nodes that contribute the most to the prediction task. We applied ParsVNN to build cancer-specific VNN models to predict drug response for five different cancer types. We demonstrated that the parsimony VNNs built by ParsVNN are superior to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction performance and identification of cancer driver genes. Furthermore, we found that the pathways selected by ParsVNN have great potential to predict clinical outcomes as well as recommend synergistic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Travis Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianzhu Ma
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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26
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Konukiewitz B, Jesinghaus M, Kasajima A, Klöppel G. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas: diagnosis and pitfalls. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:247-257. [PMID: 34647171 PMCID: PMC8986719 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Common to neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas is their expression of synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and/or INSM1. They differ, however, in their histological differentiation and molecular profile. Three groups can be distinguished: well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (neuroendocrine tumors), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (neuroendocrine carcinomas), and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, the expression of synaptophysin and, to a lesser extent, also chromogranin A is not restricted to the neuroendocrine neoplasms, but may also be in a subset of non-neuroendocrine epithelial and non-epithelial neoplasms. This review provides the essential criteria for the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms including diagnostic clues for the distinction of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors from neuroendocrine carcinomas and an algorithm avoiding diagnostic pitfalls in the delineation of non-neuroendocrine neoplasms with neuroendocrine features from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/14, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
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27
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Yang KC, Kalloger SE, Aird JJ, Lee MKC, Rushton C, Mungall KL, Mungall AJ, Gao D, Chow C, Xu J, Karasinska JM, Colborne S, Jones SJM, Schrader J, Morin RD, Loree JM, Marra MA, Renouf DJ, Morin GB, Schaeffer DF, Gorski SM. Proteotranscriptomic classification and characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109817. [PMID: 34644566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to uncover the molecular factors underlying this heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis of 84 PNEN specimens, drawn from two cohorts, is substantiated with proteomic profiling and identifies four subgroups: Proliferative, PDX1-high, Alpha cell-like and Stromal/Mesenchymal. The Proliferative subgroup, consisting of both well- and poorly differentiated specimens, is associated with inferior overall survival probability. The PDX1-high and Alpha cell-like subgroups partially resemble previously described subtypes, and we further uncover distinctive metabolism-related features in the Alpha cell-like subgroup. The Stromal/Mesenchymal subgroup exhibits molecular characteristics of YAP1/WWTR1(TAZ) activation suggestive of Hippo signaling pathway involvement in PNENs. Whole-exome sequencing reveals subgroup-enriched mutational differences, supported by activity inference analysis, and identifies hypermorphic proto-oncogene variants in 14.3% of sequenced PNENs. Our study reveals differences in cellular signaling axes that provide potential directions for PNEN patient stratification and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Yang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steve E Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - John J Aird
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Michael K C Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Christopher Rushton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Christine Chow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jing Xu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Shane Colborne
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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28
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Dong C, Simonett SP, Shin S, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Churchill GA, Lu L, Liu X, Jin F, Li Y, Attie AD, Keller MP, Keleş S. INFIMA leverages multi-omics model organism data to identify effector genes of human GWAS variants. Genome Biol 2021; 22:241. [PMID: 34425882 PMCID: PMC8381555 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies reveal many non-coding variants associated with complex traits. However, model organism studies largely remain as an untapped resource for unveiling the effector genes of non-coding variants. We develop INFIMA, Integrative Fine-Mapping, to pinpoint causal SNPs for diversity outbred (DO) mice eQTL by integrating founder mice multi-omics data including ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, footprinting, and in silico mutation analysis. We demonstrate INFIMA's superior performance compared to alternatives with human and mouse chromatin conformation capture datasets. We apply INFIMA to identify novel effector genes for GWAS variants associated with diabetes. The results of the application are available at http://www.statlab.wisc.edu/shiny/INFIMA/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Dong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sunyoung Shin
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Leina Lu
- Case Western University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - Fulai Jin
- Case Western University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Yan Li
- Case Western University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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29
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Chen Q, Wang WJ, Jia YX, Yuan H, Wu PF, Ge WL, Meng LD, Huang XM, Shen P, Yang TY, Miao Y, Zhang JJ, Jiang KR. Effect of the transcription factor YY1 on the development of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tumors: a narrative review. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:86. [PMID: 33985581 PMCID: PMC8120816 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are classified into endocrine and exocrine types, and the clinical manifestations in patients are nonspecific. Most patients, especially those with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), have lost the opportunity to receive for the best treatment at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have shown good therapeutic results in other tumors, their therapeutic effects on pancreatic tumors are minimal. A multifunctional transcription factor, Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) regulates the transcription of a variety of important genes and plays a significant role in diverse tumors. Studies have shown that targeting YY1 can improve the survival time of patients with tumors. In this review, we focused on the mechanism by which YY1 affects the occurrence and development of pancreatic tumors. We found that a YY1 mutation is specific for insulinomas and has a role in driving the degree of malignancy. In addition, changes in the circadian network are a key causative factor of PDAC. YY1 promotes pancreatic clock progression and induces malignant changes, but YY1 seems to act as a tumor suppressor in PDAC and affects many biological behaviors, such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis and metastasis. Our review summarizes the progress in understanding the role of YY1 in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tumors and provides a reasonable assessment of the potential for therapeutic targeting of YY1 in pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hao Yuan
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Li Ge
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Dong Meng
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Min Huang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao-Yue Yang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kui-Rong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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30
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Song YL, Xu J, Zhao DC, Zhang TP, Jin KZ, Zhu LM, Yu S, Chen YJ. Mutation and Expression of Gene YY1 in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Its Clinical Significance. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:874-880. [PMID: 33705973 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical significance of the YY1 gene mutation and expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the somatic mutation of YY1 in the different subtypes of PNETs. METHODS A total of 143 PNETs were assessed by Sanger sequencing to identify the somatic mutation of YY1 gene in various subtypes of PNETs. YY1 protein expression was examined in 103 PNETs by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Gene mutation and its protein expression were correlated with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS A recurrent mutation (chr14:100743807C>G) in the YY1 gene was identified in 15 of 83 insulinomas (18%) and in only 1 of 60 noninsulinoma PNETs (1.7%) (P = .0045). The YY1 mutation was not found in MEN1-associated insulinomas. The YY1 mutation in insulinomas was correlated with older age and lower serum glucose levels (age, 57 vs 42.5 years, P = .006; blood glucose, 25.2 vs 33.6 mg/dL, P = .008). YY1 protein expression was found in 100 of 103 PNETs, although expression was weaker in metastases than in localized tumors (P = .036). The stronger expression of YY1 protein was associated with favorable disease-free survival of patients with PNETs (log-rank, P = .011; n = 70). Multivariable statistical analysis showed that YY1 protein expression could be an independent predictor of prognosis. CONCLUSION The hotspot YY1 mutation mostly occurred in insulinomas and rarely in noninsulinoma PNETs. The stronger YY1 protein expression was correlated with the better prognosis of PNETs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Chun Zhao
- Departments of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Zhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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31
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Anoshkin K, Vasilyev I, Karandasheva K, Shugay M, Kudryavtseva V, Egorov A, Gurevich L, Mironova A, Serikov A, Kutsev S, Strelnikov V. New Regions With Molecular Alterations in a Rare Case of Insulinomatosis: Case Report With Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:760154. [PMID: 34737724 PMCID: PMC8563021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulinomatosis is characterized by monohormonality of multiple macro-tumors and micro-tumors that arise synchronously and metachronously in all regions of the pancreas, and often recurring hypoglycemia. One of the main characteristics of insulinomatosis is the presence of insulin-expressing monohormonal endocrine cell clusters that are exclusively composed of proliferating insulin-positive cells, are less than 1 mm in size, and show solid islet-like structure. It is presumed that insulinomatosis affects the entire population of β-cells. With regards to molecular genetics, this phenomenon is not related to mutation in MEN1 gene and is more similar to sporadic benign insulinomas, however, at the moment molecular genetics of this disease remains poorly investigated. NGS sequencing was performed with a panel of 409 cancer-related genes. Results of sequencing were analyzed by bioinformatic algorithms for detecting point mutations and copy number variations. DNA copy number variations were detected that harbor a large number of genes in insulinoma and fewer genes in micro-tumors. qPCR was used to confirm copy number variations at ATRX, FOXL2, IRS2 and CEBPA genes. Copy number alterations involving FOXL2, IRS2, CEBPA and ATRX genes were observed in insulinoma as well as in micro-tumors samples, suggesting that alterations of these genes may promote malignization in the β-cells population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Anoshkin
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Vasilyev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail Shugay
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Egorov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa Gurevich
- Morphological Department of Oncology, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mironova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Serikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Kutsev
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Strelnikov
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Tan L, Li Y, Liu F, Huang Y, Luo S, Zhao P, Gu W, Lin J, Zhou A, He X. A 9-month-old Chinese patient with Gabriele-de Vries syndrome due to novel germline mutation in the YY1 gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1582. [PMID: 33369188 PMCID: PMC8077090 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gabriele-de Vries syndrome (GADEVS), also known as YY1 haploinsufficiency syndrome, is a very rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) due to YY1 mutation characterized by mild-to-profound developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), a wide spectrum of functional and morphologic abnormalities, and intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight and feeding difficulties are common in the patients. However, NDDs, such as language development disorder and ID, could hardly be assessed in patients younger than 2 years old. METHODS We describe a 9-month-old female with DD, failure to thrive, and facial dysmorphism. Genetic analysis was conducted by whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In addition to DD and dysmorphic facial features, this patient had urinary tract infection, acute pyelonephritis, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (grade III), gastroesophageal reflux, and malnutrition. She was found to have foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, and enlarged left lateral ventricle in the brain. After performing WES, a novel heterozygous mutation NM_003403.5:c.1124G>A, p.Arg375Gln in the YY1 gene was identified. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that genetic tests are critical technique for diagnosis of GADEVS, especially in patients with early-childhood, unexplained developmental or growth disorders, thus, the prevalence of GADEVS may be underestimated. The clinical features and identified YY1 mutation in our patient expand the spectra of phenotypes and genotypes of GADEVS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Radiology Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Radiology Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sukun Luo
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwei Zhao
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Rehabilitation Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelian He
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Di Domenico A, Pipinikas CP, Maire RS, Bräutigam K, Simillion C, Dettmer MS, Vassella E, Thirlwell C, Perren A, Marinoni I. Epigenetic landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours reveals distinct cells of origin and means of tumour progression. Commun Biol 2020; 3:740. [PMID: 33288854 PMCID: PMC7721725 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (PanNETs) originate from α- or β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. The majority of PanNETs are non-functional and do not express cell-type specific hormones. In the current study we examine whether tumour DNA methylation (DNAme) profiling combined with genomic data is able to identify cell of origin and to reveal pathways involved in PanNET progression. We analyse genome-wide DNAme data of 125 PanNETs and sorted α- and β-cells. To confirm cell identity, we investigate ARX and PDX1 expression. Based on epigenetic similarities, PanNETs cluster in α-like, β-like and intermediate tumours. The epigenetic similarity to α-cells progressively decreases in the intermediate tumours, which present unclear differentiation. Specific transcription factor methylation and expression vary in the respective α/β-tumour groups. Depending on DNAme similarity to α/β-cells, PanNETs have different mutational spectra, stage of the disease and prognosis, indicating potential means of PanNET progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Di Domenico
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Renaud S Maire
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Bräutigam
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Simillion
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Dettmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chrissie Thirlwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, 72, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6JD, UK
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Marinoni
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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34
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Jiang R, Hong X, Zhao Y, Wu W. Application of multiomics sequencing and advances in the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:39-48. [PMID: 33246093 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has gradually increased. PanNENs comprise two subtypes with different clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms: functional PanNENs and nonfunctional PanNENs. Excessive hormones and tumor progression severely affect the quality of life of patients or are even life threatening. However, the molecular mechanisms of hormone secretion and tumor progression in PanNENs have not yet been fully elucidated. At present, advancements in sequencing technologies have led to the exploration of new biological markers and an advanced understanding of molecular mechanisms in PanNENs. Multiomics sequencing could reveal differences and similarities in molecular features in different fields. However, sequencing studies of PanNENs are booming and should be summarized to integrate the current findings. In this review, we summarize the current status of multiomics sequencing in PanNENs to further guide its application. We explore mainly advancements in the genome, transcriptome, and DNA methylation fields. In addition, the cell origin of PanNENs, which has been a hot issue in sequencing research, is described in multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiafei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
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35
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Song D, Yang Q, Jiang X, Shan A, Nan J, Lei Y, Ji H, Di W, Yang T, Wang T, Wang W, Ning G, Cao Y. YY1 deficiency in β-cells leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes in mice. Metabolism 2020; 112:154353. [PMID: 32916152 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor YY1 is an important regulator for metabolic homeostasis. Activating mutations in YY1 lead to tumorigenesis of pancreatic β-cells, however, the physiological functions of YY1 in β-cells are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of YY1 ablation on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. METHODS We established two models of β-cell-specific YY1 knockout mice. The glucose metabolic phenotypes, β-cell mass and β-cell functions were analyzed in the mouse models. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the ultrastructure of β-cells. The flow cytometry analysis, measurement of OCR and ROS were performed to investigate the mitochondrial function. Histological analysis, quantitative PCR and ChIP were performed to analyze the target genes of YY1 in β-cells. RESULTS Our results showed that loss of YY1 resulted in reduction of insulin production, β-cell mass and glucose tolerance in mice. Ablation of YY1 led to defective ATP production and mitochondrial ROS accumulation in pancreatic β-cells. The inactivation of YY1 impaired the activity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes in mouse models. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of YY1 is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and insulin secretion in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Song
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijing Shan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingminjie Nan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Ji
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Di
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Key Scientific Infrastructure for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Mutation Status in Yin Yang 1 Gene in X-ray-Induced Insulinoma Cell Line Rin-5F. Pancreas 2020; 49:e49-e50. [PMID: 32590621 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Boons G, Vandamme T, Ibrahim J, Roeyen G, Driessen A, Peeters D, Lawrence B, Print C, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. PDX1 DNA Methylation Distinguishes Two Subtypes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with a Different Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061461. [PMID: 32512761 PMCID: PMC7352978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism for gene expression regulation and cell differentiation. Furthermore, it was found to play a major role in multiple pathological processes, including cancer. In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs), epigenetic deregulation is also considered to be of significance, as the most frequently mutated genes have an important function in epigenetic regulation. However, the exact changes in DNA methylation between PNENs and the endocrine cells of the pancreas, their likely cell-of-origin, remain largely unknown. Recently, two subtypes of PNENs have been described which were linked to cell-of-origin and have a different prognosis. A difference in the expression of the transcription factor PDX1 was one of the key molecular differences. In this study, we performed an exploratory genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Infinium Methylation EPIC arrays (Illumina) on 26 PNENs and pancreatic islets of five healthy donors. In addition, the methylation profile of the PDX1 region was used to perform subtyping in a global cohort of 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples. In our exploratory analysis, we identified 26,759 differentially methylated CpGs and 79 differentially methylated regions. The gene set enrichment analysis highlighted several interesting pathways targeted by altered DNA methylation, including MAPK, platelet-related and immune system-related pathways. Using the PDX1 methylation in 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples, two subtypes were identified, subtypes A and B, which were similar to alpha and beta cells, respectively. These subtypes had different clinicopathological characteristics, a different pattern of chromosomal alterations and a different prognosis, with subtype A having a significantly worse prognosis compared with subtype B (HR 0.22 [95% CI: 0.051–0.95], p = 0.043). Hence, this study demonstrates that several cancer-related pathways are differently methylated between PNENs and normal islet cells. In addition, we validated the use of the PDX1 methylation status for the subtyping of PNENs and its prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Boons
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- NETwerk, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Dieter Peeters
- Histopathology, Imaging and Quantification Unit, HistoGeneX, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Pathology, AZ Sint-Maarten, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3275-97-91
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogenous group of tumors that originate from neuroendocrine cells, mainly in the pancreas and the gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary tracts. There has been considerable progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with pancreatic NETs (PNETs). The main genetic alterations that drive PNETs include genetic alterations in MEN1, VHL and genes involved in the mTOR pathway, DAXX and/or ATRX mutations and their association with alternative telomere lengthening, and genes involved in DNA damage repair and chromatin modification. The epigenetic alterations in PNETs are also common based on genome-wide DNA methylation profiling studies, with a high rate of CpG hypermethylation in MEN1-associated PNETs compared to sporadic and VHL-associated PNETs. Moreover, the dysregulated DNA methylation status is associated with distinct gene expression profiles. This article reviews the commonly and recently discovered genetic and epigenetic changes that are associated with PNETs, inherited PNETs, and genotype-phenotype associations, and it discusses their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Tirosh
- Endocrine Oncology Bioinformatics Laboratory, Endocrine Institute Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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39
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Hackeng WM, Schelhaas W, Morsink FHM, Heidsma CM, van Eeden S, Valk GD, Vriens MR, Heaphy CM, Nieveen van Dijkum EJM, Offerhaus GJA, Dreijerink KMA, Brosens LAA. Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres and Differential Expression of Endocrine Transcription Factors Distinguish Metastatic and Non-metastatic Insulinomas. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31:108-118. [PMID: 32103422 PMCID: PMC7250793 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs)/insulinomas are generally considered to be indolent tumors with an excellent prognosis after complete resection. However, some insulinomas have a poor prognosis due to relapses and metastatic disease. Recently, studies in non-functional PanNETs indicated that behavior can be stratified according to alpha- and beta-cell differentiation, as defined by expression of the transcription factors ARX and PDX1, respectively. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms play a role in insulinomas. Therefore, we determined ARX and PDX1 expression in a cohort of 35 sporadic primary insulinomas and two liver metastases of inoperable primary insulinomas. In addition, WHO grade and loss of ATRX or DAXX were determined by immunohistochemistry, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and CDKN2A status by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These findings were correlated with tumor characteristics and clinical follow-up data. In total, five out of 37 insulinoma patients developed metastatic disease. Metastatic insulinomas were all larger than 3 cm, whereas the indolent insulinomas were smaller (p value < 0.05). All three primary insulinomas that metastasized showed ARX expression, 2/3 showed ALT, and 1/3 had a homozygous deletion of CDKN2A as opposed to absence of ARX expression, ALT, or CDKN2A deletions in the 32 non-metastatic cases. The two liver metastases also showed ARX expression and ALT (2/2). The presence of ARX expression, which is usually absent in beta-cells, and genetic alterations not seen in indolent insulinomas strongly suggest a distinct tumorigenic mechanism in malignant insulinomas, with similarities to non-functional PanNETs. These observations may inform future follow-up strategies after insulinoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel M Hackeng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Willemien Schelhaas
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert H M Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Heidsma
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van Eeden
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof D Valk
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno R Vriens
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Hong X, Qiao S, Li F, Wang W, Jiang R, Wu H, Chen H, Liu L, Peng J, Wang J, Jia C, Liang X, Dai H, Jiang J, Zhang T, Liao Q, Dai M, Cong L, Han X, Guo D, Liang Z, Li D, Zheng Z, Ye C, Li S, Zhao Y, Wu K, Wu W. Whole-genome sequencing reveals distinct genetic bases for insulinomas and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: leading to a new classification system. Gut 2020; 69:877-887. [PMID: 31462556 PMCID: PMC7229893 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulinomas and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PanNETs) have distinctive clinical presentations but share similar pathological features. Their genetic bases have not been comprehensively compared. Herein, we used whole-genome/whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES) to identify genetic differences between insulinomas and NF-PanNETs. DESIGN The mutational profiles and copy-number variation (CNV) patterns of 211 PanNETs, including 84 insulinomas and 127 NF-PanNETs, were obtained from WGS/WES data provided by Peking Union Medical College Hospital and the International Cancer Genome Consortium. Insulinoma RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry data were assayed. RESULTS PanNETs were categorised based on CNV patterns: amplification, copy neutral and deletion. Insulinomas had CNV amplifications and copy neutral and lacked CNV deletions. CNV-neutral insulinomas exhibited an elevated rate of YY1 mutations. In contrast, NF-PanNETs had all three CNV patterns, and NF-PanNETs with CNV deletions had a high rate of loss-of-function mutations of tumour suppressor genes. NF-PanNETs with CNV alterations (amplification and deletion) had an elevated risk of relapse, and additional DAXX/ATRX mutations could predict an increased relapse risk in the first 2-year period. CONCLUSION These WGS/WES data allowed a comprehensive assessment of genetic differences between insulinomas and NF-PanNETs, reclassifying these tumours into novel molecular subtypes. We also proposed a novel relapse risk stratification system using CNV patterns and DAXX/ATRX mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sitan Qiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Center Lab, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Peng
- Department of Center Lab, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Center Lab, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Clinical Bio-bank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjing Li
- Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zetian Zheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Ye
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siliang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China .,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China .,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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41
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Yan J, Yu S, Jia C, Li M, Chen J. Molecular subtyping in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: New insights into clinical, pathological unmet needs and challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188367. [PMID: 32339609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) contain two primary subtypes with distinct molecular features and associated clinical outcomes: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). PanNENs are a group of clinically heterogeneous tumors, whose diagnosis is based on tumor morphologic features and proliferation indices. However, these standards incompletely meet clinical needs by failing to adequately assess the likelihood of tumor recurrence and the potential for therapeutic response. We therefore focused on discussing molecular advances that facilitate the understanding of heterogeneity and exploration of reliable recurrence/treatment predictors. Taking advantage of high-throughput technologies, emerging methods of molecular subtyping in PanNETs include classifications based on co-existing multi-gene mutations, a large-scale loss of heterozygosity or copy number variation, and islet cell type-specific signatures. PanNEC molecular updates were discussed as well. This review aims to help the field classify PanNEN molecular subtypes, gain insights to aid in the solving of clinical, pathological unmet needs, and detect challenges and concerns of genetically-driven trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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42
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Maggio I, Mollica V, Brighi N, Lamberti G, Manuzzi L, Ricci AD, Campana D. The functioning side of the pancreas: a review on insulinomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:139-148. [PMID: 31368049 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulinomas are a rare type of neuroendocrine tumors, originating in the pancreas, difficult to diagnose and to treat. Due to its rarity, insulinomas are a not well-known pathological entity; thus, the diagnostic process is frequently a medical challenge with many possible differential diagnoses. The diagnostic process varies between non-invasive procedures, such as the fasting test or imaging techniques, and invasive ones. Insulinomas are rarely malignant, but the glycemic imbalance correlated with this tumor can frequently alter the quality of life of the patients and the consequent hypoglycemia can be extremely dangerous. Moreover, insulinomas can be associated with different genetic syndromes, such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1, accompanied by other specific symptoms. There are many different treatment strategies, depending on the need to control symptoms or control diseases progression, the only curative one being surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed the evidences present in the literature on insulinomas and reported its main clinical characteristics and management strategies. CONCLUSION The aim of this review of the literature is to present the current knowledge on insulinomas, exploring the main clinical characteristics, the diagnostic tools, and the therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Maggio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Mollica
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Brighi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- NET Team Bologna ENETS Center of Excellence, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manuzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - A D Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Campana
- NET Team Bologna ENETS Center of Excellence, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Duvillié B, Kourdoughli R, Druillennec S, Eychène A, Pouponnot C. Interplay Between Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Insulinoma: The Role of Aging, Genetic Factors, and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563267. [PMID: 33101198 PMCID: PMC7556217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic analyses have shed light on an association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent data also suggest a potential relationship between T2D and insulinoma. Under rare circumstances, type 1 diabetes (T1D) can also be implicated in tumorigenesis. The biological mechanisms underlying such relationships are extremely complex. Some genetic factors contributing to the development of T2D are shared with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tumors. Obesity and overweight can also contribute to the initiation and severity of T2D, while aging may influence both endocrine and exocrine tumors. Finally, pharmacological treatments of T2D may have an impact on PDAC. On the other hand, some treatments for insulinoma can trigger diabetes. In the present minireview, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain these interactions. This analysis may help to define new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Duvillié
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Duvillié,
| | - Rayane Kourdoughli
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Druillennec
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Eychène
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
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44
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Chatani PD, Agarwal SK, Sadowski SM. Molecular Signatures and Their Clinical Utility in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:575620. [PMID: 33537001 PMCID: PMC7848028 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.575620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are classified based on their histologic differentiation and proliferative indices, which have been used extensively to determine prognosis. Advances in next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput techniques have allowed researchers to objectively explore tumor specimens and learn about the genetic alterations associated with malignant transformation in PNETs. As a result, targeted, pathway-specific therapies have been emerging for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic disease. As we continue to trial various pharmaceutical products, evidence from studies using multi-omics approaches indicates that clinical aggressiveness stratifies along other genotypic and phenotypic demarcations, as well. In this review, we explore the clinically relevant and potentially targetable molecular signatures of PNETs, their associated trials, and the overall differences in reported prognoses and responses to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Dilip Chatani
- Endocrine Surgery Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sunita Kishore Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samira Mercedes Sadowski
- Endocrine Surgery Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Samira Mercedes Sadowski,
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45
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Fan L, Shan A, Su Y, Cheng Y, Ji H, Yang Q, Lei Y, Liu B, Wang W, Ning G, Cao Y, Jiang X. MiR-221/222 Inhibit Insulin Production of Pancreatic β-Cells in Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5639771. [PMID: 31761936 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are essential for the regulation of development, proliferation, and functions of pancreatic β-cells. The conserved miR-221/222 cluster is an important regulator in multiple cellular processes. Here we investigated the functional role of miR-221/222 in the regulation of β-cell proliferation and functions in transgenic mouse models. We generated 2 pancreatic β-cell-specific-miR-221/222 transgenic mouse models on a C57BL/6J background. The glucose metabolic phenotypes, β-cell mass, and β-cell functions were analyzed in the mouse models. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-221/222 was performed on β-cells and mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells to explore the effect and mechanisms of miR-221/222 on β-cell proliferation and functions. Luciferase reporter assay, histological analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out to study the direct target genes of miR-221/222 in β-cells. The expression of miR-221/222 was significantly upregulated in β-cells from the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and db/db mice. Overexpression of miR-221/222 impaired the insulin production and secretion of β-cells and resulted in glucose intolerance in vivo. The β-cell mass and proliferation were increased by miR-221/222 expression via Cdkn1b and Cdkn1c. MiR-221/222 repressed insulin transcription activity through targeting Nfatc3 and lead to reduction of insulin in β-cells. Our findings demonstrate that miR-221/222 are important regulators of β-cell proliferation and insulin production. The expression of miR-221/222 in β-cells could regulate glucose metabolism in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Fan
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijing Shan
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Su
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Cheng
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Ji
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lei
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Andreassen M, Ilett E, Wiese D, Slater EP, Klose M, Hansen CP, Gercke N, Langer SW, Kjaer A, Maurer E, Federspiel B, Kann PH, Bartsch DK, Knigge U. Surgical Management, Preoperative Tumor Localization, and Histopathology of 80 Patients Operated on for Insulinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6129-6138. [PMID: 31369096 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis and pathological classification of insulinomas are challenging. AIM To characterize localization of tumors, surgery outcomes, and histopathology in patients with insulinoma. METHODS Patients with surgically resected sporadic insulinoma were included. RESULTS Eighty patients were included. Seven had a malignant tumor. A total of 312 diagnostic examinations were performed: endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS; n = 59; sensitivity, 70%), MRI (n = 33; sensitivity, 58%), CT (n = 55; sensitivity, 47%), transabdominal ultrasonography (US; n = 45; sensitivity, 40%), somatostatin receptor imaging (n = 17; sensitivity, 29%), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (n = 1; negative), percutaneous transhepatic venous sampling (n = 10; sensitivity, 90%), arterial stimulation venous sampling (n = 20; sensitivity, 65%), and intraoperative US (n = 72; sensitivity, 89%). Fourteen tumors could not be visualized. Invasive methods were used in 7 of these 14 patients and localized the tumor in all cases. Median tumor size was 15 mm (range, 7 to 80 mm). Tumors with malignant vs benign behavior showed less staining for insulin (3 of 7 vs 66 of 73; P = 0.015) and for proinsulin (3 of 6 vs 58 of 59; P < 0.001). Staining for glucagon was seen in 2 of 6 malignant tumors and in no benign tumors (P < 0.001). Forty-three insulinomas stained negative for somatostatin receptor subtype 2a. CONCLUSION Localization of insulinomas requires many different diagnostic procedures. Most tumors can be localized by conventional imaging, including EUS. For nonvisible tumors, invasive methods may be a useful diagnostic tool. Malignant tumors showed reduced staining for insulin and proinsulin and increased staining for glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Andreassen
- Department of Endocrinology Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Ilett
- Department of Endocrinology Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Wiese
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily P Slater
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Klose
- Department of Endocrinology Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Palnæs Hansen
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Norman Gercke
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Seppo W Langer
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Maurer
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Birgitte Federspiel
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter H Kann
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Division of Endocrinology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Knigge
- Department of Endocrinology Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boons G, Vandamme T, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Clinical applications of (epi)genetics in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Moving towards liquid biopsies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:333-351. [PMID: 31368038 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput analysis, including next-generation sequencing and microarrays, have strongly improved our understanding of cancer biology. However, genomic data on rare cancer types, such as neuroendocrine neoplasms, has been lagging behind. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) develop from endocrine cells spread throughout the body and are highly heterogeneous in biological behavior. In this challenging disease, there is an urgent need for new therapies and new diagnostic, prognostic, follow-up and predictive biomarkers to aid patient management. The last decade, molecular data on neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, termed gastroenteropancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs), has strongly expanded. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent advances on (epi)genetic level and highlight their clinical applications to address the current needs in GEP-NENs. We illustrate how molecular alterations can be and are being used as therapeutic targets, how mutations in DAXX/ATRX and copy number variations could be used as prognostic biomarkers, how far we are in identifying predictive biomarkers and how genetics can contribute to GEP-NEN classification. Finally, we discuss recent studies on liquid biopsies in the field of GEP-NENs and illustrate how liquid biopsies can play a role in patient management. In conclusion, molecular studies have suggested multiple potential biomarkers, but further validation is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Boons
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
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48
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Yang P, Huang X, Lai C, Li L, Li T, Huang P, Ouyang S, Yan J, Cheng S, Lei G, Wang Z, Yu L, Hong Z, Li R, Dong H, Wang C, Yu Y, Wang X, Li X, Wang L, Lv F, Yin Y, Yang H, Song J, Gao Q, Wang X, Zhang S. SET domain containing 1B gene is mutated in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2986-2995. [PMID: 30977120 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are extremely rare NETs originating from the liver. These tumors are associated with heterogeneous prognosis, and few treatment targets for PHNETs have been identified. Because the major genetic alterations in PHNET are still largely unknown, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 22 paired tissues from PHNET patients and identified 22 recurring mutations of somatic genes involved in the following activities: epigenetic modification (BPTF, MECP2 and WDR5), cell cycle (TP53, ATM, MED12, DIDO1 and ATAD5) and neural development (UBR4, MEN1, GLUL and GIGYF2). Here, we show that TP53 and the SET domain containing the 1B gene (SETD1B) are the most frequently mutated genes in this set of samples (3/22 subjects, 13.6%). A biological analysis suggests that one of the three SETD1B mutants, A1054del, promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared to wild-type SETD1B. Our work unveils that SETD1B A1054del mutant is functional in PHNET and implicates genes including TP53 in the disease. Our findings thus characterize the mutational landscapes of PHNET and implicate novel gene mutations linked to PHNET pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yang
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chengcai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieling Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peide Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Section of Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Cheng
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linxiang Yu
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Hong
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated with the Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghao Yu
- Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fudong Lv
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Song
- Microbial pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | | | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mafficini A, Scarpa A. Genetics and Epigenetics of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:506-536. [PMID: 30657883 PMCID: PMC6534496 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous regarding site of origin, biological behavior, and malignant potential. There has been a rapid increase in data publication during the last 10 years, mainly driven by high-throughput studies on pancreatic and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This review summarizes the present knowledge on genetic and epigenetic alterations. We integrated the available information from each compartment to give a pathway-based overview. This provided a summary of the critical alterations sustaining neoplastic cells. It also highlighted similarities and differences across anatomical locations and points that need further investigation. GEP-NENs include well-differentiated NETs and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). NENs are graded as G1, G2, or G3 based on mitotic count and/or Ki-67 labeling index, NECs are G3 by definition. The distinction between NETs and NECs is also linked to their genetic background, as TP53 and RB1 inactivation in NECs set them apart from NETs. A large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations have been reported. Recurrent changes have been traced back to a reduced number of core pathways, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In pancreatic tumors, chromatin remodeling/histone methylation and telomere alteration are also affected. However, also owing to the paucity of disease models, further research is necessary to fully integrate and functionalize data on deregulated pathways to recapitulate the large heterogeneity of behaviors displayed by these tumors. This is expected to impact diagnostics, prognostic stratification, and planning of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Center for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Center for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Mungamuri SK. Targeting the epigenome as a therapeutic strategy for pancreatic tumors. THERANOSTIC APPROACH FOR PANCREATIC CANCER 2019:211-244. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819457-7.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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