1
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Deni WH, Gao T, Wu J. Protocol for reconstituting peptides/peptidomimetics from DMSO to aqueous buffers for circular dichroism analyses. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102850. [PMID: 38285735 PMCID: PMC10839526 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry is a rapid technique for detecting protein secondary structure, particularly helicity. DMSO is used to ensure optimal solubility of peptides/peptidomimetics; however, its background absorbance hinders effective CD analysis. Here, we present a protocol for reconstituting peptides/peptidomimetics from DMSO to aqueous buffers for CD analyses. We describe steps for identifying chemicals that induce DMSO evaporation, extracting peptides/peptidomimetics from DMSO, and CD spectrometer setup and analysis. We then detail procedures for secondary structure analyses of reconstituted peptides/peptidomimetics. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gao et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Deni
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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2
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Gao T, Cho EA, Zhang P, Wu J. Inhibition of talin-induced integrin activation by a double-hit stapled peptide. Structure 2023; 31:948-957.e3. [PMID: 37369205 PMCID: PMC10526925 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are ubiquitously expressed cell-adhesion proteins. Activation of integrins is triggered by talin through an inside-out signaling pathway, which can be driven by RAP1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) through its interaction with talin at two distinct sites. A helical talin-binding segment (TBS) in RIAM interacts with both sites in talin, leading to integrin activation. The bispecificity inspires a "double-hit" strategy for inhibiting talin-induced integrin activation. We designed an experimental peptidomimetic inhibitor, S-TBS, derived from TBS and containing a molecular staple, which leads to stronger binding to talin and inhibition of talin:integrin interaction. The crystallographic study validates that S-TBS binds to the talin rod through the same interface as TBS. Moreover, the helical S-TBS exhibits excellent cell permeability and effectively suppresses integrin activation in cells in a talin-dependent manner. Our results shed light on a new class of integrin inhibitors and a novel approach to design multi-specific peptidomimetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Cho
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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3
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Liu J, Lu F, Ithychanda SS, Apostol M, Das M, Deshpande G, Plow EF, Qin J. A mechanism of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling through a novel integrin αIIb subunit-filamin-actin linkage. Blood 2023; 141:2629-2641. [PMID: 36867840 PMCID: PMC10356577 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The communication of talin-activated integrin αIIbβ3 with the cytoskeleton (integrin outside-in signaling) is essential for platelet aggregation, wound healing, and hemostasis. Filamin, a large actin crosslinker and integrin binding partner critical for cell spreading and migration, is implicated as a key regulator of integrin outside-in signaling. However, the current dogma is that filamin, which stabilizes inactive αIIbβ3, is displaced from αIIbβ3 by talin to promote the integrin activation (inside-out signaling), and how filamin further functions remains unresolved. Here, we show that while associating with the inactive αIIbβ3, filamin also associates with the talin-bound active αIIbβ3 to mediate platelet spreading. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based analysis reveals that while associating with both αIIb and β3 cytoplasmic tails (CTs) to maintain the inactive αIIbβ3, filamin is spatiotemporally rearranged to associate with αIIb CT alone on activated αIIbβ3. Consistently, confocal cell imaging indicates that integrin α CT-linked filamin gradually delocalizes from the β CT-linked focal adhesion marker-vinculin likely because of the separation of integrin α/β CTs occurring during integrin activation. High-resolution crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance structure determinations unravel that the activated integrin αIIb CT binds to filamin via a striking α-helix→β-strand transition with a strengthened affinity that is dependent on the integrin-activating membrane environment containing enriched phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. These data suggest a novel integrin αIIb CT-filamin-actin linkage that promotes integrin outside-in signaling. Consistently, disruption of such linkage impairs the activation state of αIIbβ3, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase/proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase Src, and cell migration. Together, our findings advance the fundamental understanding of integrin outside-in signaling with broad implications in blood physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sujay Subbayya Ithychanda
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marcin Apostol
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mitali Das
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Imaging Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edward F. Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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4
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Pernier J, Santos MCD, Souissi M, Joly A, Narassimprakash H, Rossier O, Giannone G, Helfer E, Sengupta K, Clainche CL. Talin and kindlin cooperate to control the density of integrin clusters. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:307144. [PMID: 37083041 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are composed of transmembrane integrins, linking the extracellular matrix to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, via cytoplasmic proteins. Adhesion depends on the activation of integrins. Talin and kindlin proteins are intracellular activators of integrins that bind to β-integrin cytoplasmic tails. Integrin activation and clustering through extracellular ligands guide the organization of adhesion complexes. However, the roles of talin and kindlin in this process are poorly understood. To determine the contribution of talin, kindlin, lipids and actomyosin in integrin clustering, we used a biomimetic in vitro system, made of giant unilamellar vesicles, containing transmembrane integrins (herein αIIbβ3), with purified talin (talin-1), kindlin (kindlin-2, also known as FERMT2) and actomyosin. Here, we show that talin and kindlin individually have the ability to cluster integrins. Talin and kindlin synergize to induce the formation of larger integrin clusters containing the three proteins. Comparison of protein density reveals that kindlin increases talin and integrin density, whereas talin does not affect kindlin and integrin density. Finally, kindlin increases integrin-talin-actomyosin coupling. Our study unambiguously demonstrates how kindlin and talin cooperate to induce integrin clustering, which is a major parameter for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariem Souissi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Joly
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hemalatha Narassimprakash
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Rossier
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuèle Helfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Wen L, Lyu Q, Ley K, Goult BT. Structural Basis of β2 Integrin Inside—Out Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193039. [PMID: 36231001 PMCID: PMC9564206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are expressed on all leukocytes. Precise regulation of the β2 integrin is critical for leukocyte adhesion and trafficking. In neutrophils, β2 integrins participate in slow rolling. When activated by inside–out signaling, fully activated β2 integrins mediate rapid leukocyte arrest and adhesion. The two activation pathways, starting with selectin ligand engagement and chemokine receptor ligation, respectively, converge on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, talin-1, kindlin-3 and Rap1. Here, we focus on recent structural insights into autoinhibited talin-1 and autoinhibited trimeric kindlin-3. When activated, both talin-1 and kindlin-3 can bind the β2 cytoplasmic tail at separate but adjacent sites. We discuss possible pathways for talin-1 and kindlin-3 activation, recruitment to the plasma membrane, and their role in integrin activation. We propose new models of the final steps of integrin activation involving the complex of talin-1, kindlin-3, integrin and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qingkang Lyu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1227-816-142
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6
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Huang B, Park C, Thomsen JH, Preite S, Cannons JL, Garçon F, Schrom EC, Courrèges CJF, Veres TZ, Harrison J, Nus M, Phelan JD, Bergmeier W, Kehrl JH, Okkenhaug K, Schwartzberg PL. A CRISPR screen targeting PI3K effectors identifies RASA3 as a negative regulator of LFA-1-mediated adhesion in T cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl9169. [PMID: 35857633 PMCID: PMC9637254 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) helps to coordinate the migration, adhesion, and activation of T cells through interactions with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and ICAM-2. LFA-1 is activated during the engagement of chemokine receptors and the T cell receptor (TCR) through inside-out signaling, a process that is partially mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its product phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). To evaluate potential roles of PI3K in LFA-1 activation, we designed a library of CRISPR/single guide RNAs targeting known and potential PIP3-binding proteins and screened for effects on the ability of primary mouse T cells to bind to ICAM-1. We identified multiple proteins that regulated the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1, including the Rap1 and Ras GTPase-activating protein RASA3. We found that RASA3 suppressed LFA-1 activation in T cells, that its expression was rapidly reduced upon T cell activation, and that its activity was inhibited by PI3K. Loss of RASA3 in T cells led to increased Rap1 activation, defective lymph node entry and egress, and impaired responses to T-dependent immunization in mice. Our results reveal a critical role for RASA3 in T cell migration, homeostasis, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Silvia Preite
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabien Garçon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Edward C Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tibor Z Veres
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Harrison
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Wen L, Moser M, Ley K. Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte β2 integrin activation. Blood 2022; 139:3480-3492. [PMID: 35167661 PMCID: PMC10082358 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Although all integrins can undergo activation (affinity change for ligands), the degree of activation is most spectacular for integrins on blood cells. The β2 integrins are exclusively expressed on the surface of all leukocytes including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They are essential for many leukocyte functions and are strictly required for neutrophil arrest from rolling. The inside-out integrin activation process receives input from chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. The integrin activation pathway involves many cytoplasmic signaling molecules such as spleen tyrosine kinase, other kinases like Bruton's tyrosine kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipases, Rap1 GTPases, and the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule. These signaling events ultimately converge on talin-1 and kindlin-3, which bind to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and induce integrin conformational changes: extension and high affinity for ligand. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into how talin-1 and kindlin-3 enable integrin activation, with a focus on the distal signaling components that trigger β2 integrin conformational changes and leukocyte adhesion under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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8
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LFA1 Activation: Insights from a Single-Molecule Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111751. [PMID: 35681446 PMCID: PMC9179313 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA1 is a cell adhesion receptor expressed exclusively in leukocytes, and plays crucial roles in lymphocyte trafficking, antigen recognition, and effector functions. Since the discovery that the adhesiveness of LFA1 can be dynamically changed upon stimulation, one challenge has been understanding how integrins are regulated by inside-out signaling coupled with macromolecular conformational changes, as well as ligand bindings that transduce signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in outside-in signaling. The small GTPase Rap1 and integrin adaptor proteins talin1 and kindlin-3 have been recognized as critical molecules for integrin activation. However, their cooperative regulation of integrin adhesiveness in lymphocytes requires further research. Recent advances in single-molecule imaging techniques have revealed dynamic molecular processes in real-time and provided insight into integrin activation in cellular environments. This review summarizes integrin regulation and discusses new findings regarding the bidirectionality of LFA1 activation and signaling processes in lymphocytes.
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9
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Zhao Y, Lykov N, Tzeng C. Talin‑1 interaction network in cellular mechanotransduction (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:60. [PMID: 35266014 PMCID: PMC8930095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton. As a cytoplasmic protein, Talin‑1 consists of a globular head domain and a long rod comprised of a series of α‑helical bundles. The unique structure of the Talin‑1 rod domain permits folding and unfolding in response to the mechanical stress, revealing various binding sites. Thus, conformation changes of the Talin‑1 rod domain enable the cell to convert mechanical signals into chemical through multiple signaling pathways. The present review discusses the binding partners of Talin‑1, their interactions, effects on the cellular processes, and their possible roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Nikita Lykov
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center-Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Medical Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang B, Fan M, Fan J, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Hiscox JA, Nan Y, Zhou EM. Avian Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 Protein Interacts with Rap1b to Induce Cytoskeleton Rearrangement That Facilitates Virus Internalization. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0226521. [PMID: 35138149 PMCID: PMC8826821 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02265-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes liver diseases and multiple extrahepatic disorders in chickens. However, the mechanisms involved in avian HEV entry remain elusive. Herein, we identified the RAS-related protein 1b (Rap1b) as a potential HEV-ORF2 protein interacting candidate. Experimental infection of chickens and cells with an avian HEV isolate from China (CaHEV) led to upregulated expression and activation of Rap1b both in vivo and in vitro. By using CaHEV capsid as mimic of virion to treat cell in vitro, it appears that the interaction between the viral capsid and Rap1b promoted cell membrane recruitment of the downstream effector Rap1-interacting molecule (RIAM). In turn, RIAM further enhanced Talin-1 membrane recruitment and retention, which led to the activation of integrin α5/β1, as well as integrin-associated membrane protein kinases, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Meanwhile, FAK activation triggered activation of downstream signaling molecules, such as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 RAC1 cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), and LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1). Finally, F-actin rearrangement induced by Cofilin led to the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia, and stress fibers, contributes to plasma membrane remodeling, and might enhance CaHEV virion internalization. In conclusion, our data suggested that Rap1b activation was triggered during CaHEV infection and appeared to require interaction between CaHEV-ORF2 and Rap1b, thereby further inducing membrane recruitment of Talin-1. Membrane-bound Talin-1 then activates key Integrin-FAK-Cofilin cascades involved in modulation of actin kinetics, and finally leads to F-actin rearrangement and membrane remodeling to potentially facilitate internalization of CaHEV virions into permissive cells. IMPORTANCE Rap1b is a multifunctional protein that is responsible for cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. The inactive form of Rap1b is phosphorylated and distributed in the cytoplasm, while active Rap1b is prenylated and loaded with GTP to the cell membrane. In this study, the activation of Rap1b was induced during the early stage of avian HEV infection under the regulation of PKA and SmgGDS. Continuously activated Rap1b recruited its effector RIAM to the membrane, thereby inducing the membrane recruitment of Talin-1 that led to the activation of membrane α5/β1 integrins. The triggering of the signaling pathway-associated Integrin α5/β1-FAK-CDC42&RAC1-PAK1-LIMK1-Cofilin culminated in F-actin polymerization and membrane remodeling that might promote avian HEV virion internalization. These findings suggested a novel mechanism that is potentially utilized by avian HEV to invade susceptible cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengnan Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Abstract
Talins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that consist of an N-terminal head domain, a flexible neck region and a C-terminal rod domain made of 13 helical bundles. The head domain binds integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tails, which triggers integrin conformational activation to increase affinity for extracellular matrix proteins. The rod domain links to actin filaments inside the cell to transmit mechanical loads and serves as a mechanosensitive signalling hub for the recruitment of many other proteins. The α-helical bundles function as force-dependent switches - proteins that interact with folded bundles are displaced when force induces unfolding, exposing previously cryptic binding sites for other ligands. This leads to the notion of a talin code. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we propose that the multiple switches within the talin rod function to process and store time- and force-dependent mechanical and chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Nicholas H. Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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12
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Sari-Ak D, Torres-Gomez A, Yazicioglu YF, Christofides A, Patsoukis N, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. Structural, biochemical, and functional properties of the Rap1-Interacting Adaptor Molecule (RIAM). Biomed J 2021; 45:289-298. [PMID: 34601137 PMCID: PMC9250098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes, the leading players of immune system, are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells during transmigration or to antigen presenting cells during T cell activation, requires integrin activation through a process termed inside-out integrin signaling. In hematopoietic cells, Rap1 and its downstream effector RIAM (Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule) form a cornerstone for inside-out integrin activation. The Rap1/RIAM pathway is involved in signal integration for activation, actin remodeling and cytoskeletal reorganization in T cells, as well as in myeloid cell differentiation and function. RIAM is instrumental for phagocytosis, a process requiring particle recognition, cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane protrusion for engulfment and digestion. In the present review, we discuss the structural and molecular properties of RIAM and the recent discoveries regarding the functional role of the Rap1/RIAM module in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yavuz-Furkan Yazicioglu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215.
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13
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Thomsen JH, Schwartzberg PL, Okkenhaug K. PI3K in T Cell Adhesion and Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708908. [PMID: 34421914 PMCID: PMC8377255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Bromberger T, Klapproth S, Rohwedder I, Weber J, Pick R, Mittmann L, Min-Weißenhorn SJ, Reichel CA, Scheiermann C, Sperandio M, Moser M. Binding of Rap1 and Riam to Talin1 Fine-Tune β2 Integrin Activity During Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702345. [PMID: 34489950 PMCID: PMC8417109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins mediate key processes during leukocyte trafficking. Upon leukocyte activation, the structurally bent β2 integrins change their conformation towards an extended, intermediate and eventually high affinity conformation, which mediate slow leukocyte rolling and firm arrest, respectively. Translocation of talin1 to integrin adhesion sites by interactions with the small GTPase Rap1 and the Rap1 effector Riam precede these processes. Using Rap1 binding mutant talin1 and Riam deficient mice we show a strong Riam-dependent T cell homing process to lymph nodes in adoptive transfer experiments and by intravital microscopy. Moreover, neutrophils from compound mutant mice exhibit strongly increased rolling velocities to inflamed cremaster muscle venules compared to single mutants. Using Hoxb8 cell derived neutrophils generated from the mutant mouse strains, we show that both pathways regulate leukocyte rolling and adhesion synergistically by inducing conformational changes of the β2 integrin ectodomain. Importantly, a simultaneous loss of both pathways results in a rolling phenotype similar to talin1 deficient neutrophils suggesting that β2 integrin regulation primarily occurs via these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bromberger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jasmin Weber
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mittmann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Gough RE, Jones MC, Zacharchenko T, Le S, Yu M, Jacquemet G, Muench SP, Yan J, Humphries JD, Jørgensen C, Humphries MJ, Goult BT. Talin mechanosensitivity is modulated by a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100837. [PMID: 34118235 PMCID: PMC8260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (TLN1) is a mechanosensitive component of adhesion complexes that directly couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In response to force, talin undergoes switch-like behavior of its multiple rod domains that modulate interactions with its binding partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle, exerting its effects through synchronized phosphorylation of a large number of protein targets. CDK1 activity maintains adhesion during interphase, and its inhibition is a prerequisite for the tightly choreographed changes in cell shape and adhesion that are required for successful mitosis. Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate a direct interaction between talin and CDK1 that occurs at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion. Mutagenesis demonstrated that CDK1 contains a functional talin-binding LD motif, and the binding site within talin was pinpointed to helical bundle R8. Talin also contains a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation motif centered on S1589, a site shown to be phosphorylated by CDK1 in vitro. A phosphomimetic mutant of this site within talin lowered the binding affinity of the cytoskeletal adaptor KANK and weakened the response of this region to force as measured by single molecule stretching, potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction pathways. The direct binding of the master cell cycle regulator CDK1 to the primary integrin effector talin represents a coupling of cell proliferation and cell adhesion machineries and thereby indicates a mechanism by which the microenvironment can control cell division in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology Department, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ste P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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16
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Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. β2 integrin activation and signal transduction in leukocyte recruitment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C308-C316. [PMID: 34133240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00560.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a critical step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immunological responses. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in controlling cell movements and the recruitment process, and the integrin family of CAMs plays a key role. During cell movement, integrin function is dynamically and precisely regulated. However, this balance might be broken under pathological conditions. Thus, the functional regulation and molecular mechanisms of integrins related to diseases are often a focus of research. Integrin β2 is one of the most commonly expressed integrins in leukocytes that mediate leukocyte adhesion and migration, and it plays an important role in immune responses and inflammation. In this review, we focus on specific functions of integrin β2 in leukocyte recruitment, the conformational changes and signal transduction of integrin β2 activation, the similarities between murine and human factors, and how new insights into these processes can inform future therapies for inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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17
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Su B, Wu J. Phosphorylation of RIAM Activates Its Adaptor Function in Mediating Integrin Signaling. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:103-110. [PMID: 35128538 PMCID: PMC8813058 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.2.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cellular receptors that regulate cell adhesion and many other cellular functions. Integrins can be activated via an "inside-out pathway" that is promoted by RAP1 GTPase. RAP1-GTP-Interacting Adaptor Molecular (RIAM) mediates integrin activation by linking RAP1 GTPase to talin, an integrin activator. RIAM's function in integrin signaling is tightly regulated. In this commentary, we review recent studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying RIAM autoinhibition via both intramolecular interaction and oligomer assembly, and the phosphorylation-dependent activation of RIAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Correspondence should be addressed to Jinhua Wu;
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19
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Zhu L, Plow EF, Qin J. Initiation of focal adhesion assembly by talin and kindlin: A dynamic view. Protein Sci 2020; 30:531-542. [PMID: 33336515 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-containing protein complexes regulated by a network of hundreds of protein-protein interactions. They are formed in a spatiotemporal manner upon the activation of integrin transmembrane receptors, which is crucial to trigger cell adhesion and many other cellular processes including cell migration, spreading and proliferation. Despite decades of studies, a detailed molecular level understanding on how FAs are organized and function is lacking due to their highly complex and dynamic nature. However, advances have been made on studying key integrin activators, talin and kindlin, and their associated proteins, which are major components of nascent FAs critical for initiating the assembly of mature FAs. This review will discuss the structural and functional findings of talin and kindlin and their immediate interaction network, which will shed light upon the architecture of nascent FAs and how they act as seeds for FA assembly to dynamically regulate diverse adhesion-dependent physiological and pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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20
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Cho EA, Zhang P, Kumar V, Kavalchuk M, Zhang H, Huang Q, Duncan JS, Wu J. Phosphorylation of RIAM by src promotes integrin activation by unmasking the PH domain of RIAM. Structure 2020; 29:320-329.e4. [PMID: 33275877 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin activation controls cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. RIAM (RAP1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule) is recruited by activated RAP1 to the plasma membrane (PM) to mediate integrin activation via an inside-out signaling pathway. This process requires the association of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of RIAM with the membrane PIP2. We identify a conserved intermolecular interface that masks the PIP2-binding site in the PH domains of RIAM. Our data indicate that phosphorylation of RIAM by Src family kinases disrupts this PH-mediated interface, unmasks the membrane PIP2-binding site, and promotes integrin activation. We further demonstrate that this process requires phosphorylation of Tyr267 and Tyr427 in the RIAM PH domain by Src. Our data reveal an unorthodox regulatory mechanism of small GTPase effector proteins by phosphorylation-dependent PM association of the PH domain and provide new insights into the link between Src kinases and integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Cho
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Mikhail Kavalchuk
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - James S Duncan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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21
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Kelley CF, Litschel T, Schumacher S, Dedden D, Schwille P, Mizuno N. Phosphoinositides regulate force-independent interactions between talin, vinculin, and actin. eLife 2020; 9:e56110. [PMID: 32657269 PMCID: PMC7384861 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies which help transmit mechanical forces and regulatory signals between the extracellular matrix and an interacting cell. Two key proteins talin and vinculin connecting integrin to actomyosin networks in the cell. Both proteins bind to F-actin and each other, providing a foundation for network formation within FAs. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating their engagement remain unclear. Here, we report on the results of in vitro reconstitution of talin-vinculin-actin assemblies using synthetic membrane systems. We find that neither talin nor vinculin alone recruit actin filaments to the membrane. In contrast, phosphoinositide-rich membranes recruit and activate talin, and the membrane-bound talin then activates vinculin. Together, the two proteins then link actin to the membrane. Encapsulation of these components within vesicles reorganized actin into higher-order networks. Notably, these observations were made in the absence of applied force, whereby we infer that the initial assembly stage of FAs is force independent. Our findings demonstrate that the local membrane composition plays a key role in controlling the stepwise recruitment, activation, and engagement of proteins within FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Kelley
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Thomas Litschel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMartinsriedGermany
| | - Stephanie Schumacher
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Dirk Dedden
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMartinsriedGermany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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22
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Vigouroux C, Henriot V, Le Clainche C. Talin dissociates from RIAM and associates to vinculin sequentially in response to the actomyosin force. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3116. [PMID: 32561773 PMCID: PMC7305319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells reinforce adhesion strength and cytoskeleton anchoring in response to the actomyosin force. The mechanical stretching of talin, which exposes cryptic vinculin-binding sites, triggers this process. The binding of RIAM to talin could regulate this mechanism. However, the mechanosensitivity of the talin-RIAM complex has never been tested. It is also not known whether RIAM controls the mechanosensitivity of the talin-vinculin complex. To address these issues, we designed an in vitro microscopy assay with purified proteins in which the actomyosin force controls RIAM and vinculin-binding to talin. We demonstrate that actomyosin triggers RIAM dissociation from several talin domains. Actomyosin also provokes the sequential exchange of RIAM for vinculin on talin. The effect of RIAM on this force-dependent binding of vinculin to talin varies from one talin domain to another. This mechanism could allow talin to biochemically code a wide range of forces by selecting different combinations of partners. Force-dependent formation of the talin-vinculin complex reinforces actin anchoring to focal adhesions, but how different talin-binding proteins respond to force is unclear. Here authors use an in vitro microscopy assay and show that the actomyosin force triggers the dissociation of RIAM from several talin domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Vigouroux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Henriot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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23
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The Architecture of Talin1 Reveals an Autoinhibition Mechanism. Cell 2020; 179:120-131.e13. [PMID: 31539492 PMCID: PMC6856716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are protein machineries essential for cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Talin is an integrin-activating and tension-sensing FA component directly connecting integrins in the plasma membrane with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. To understand how talin function is regulated, we determined a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of full-length talin1 revealing a two-way mode of autoinhibition. The actin-binding rod domains fold into a 15-nm globular arrangement that is interlocked by the integrin-binding FERM head. In turn, the rod domains R9 and R12 shield access of the FERM domain to integrin and the phospholipid PIP2 at the membrane. This mechanism likely ensures synchronous inhibition of integrin, membrane, and cytoskeleton binding. We also demonstrate that compacted talin1 reversibly unfolds to an ∼60-nm string-like conformation, revealing interaction sites for vinculin and actin. Our data explain how fast switching between active and inactive conformations of talin could regulate FA turnover, a process critical for cell adhesion and signaling. The structure of the autoinhibited human full-length talin1 was analyzed by cryo-EM Talin1 reversibly changes between a 15-nm closed and a ∼60-nm open conformation Rod R9/R12 and FERM domains synchronously shield membrane and cytoskeleton binding F-Actin and vinculin binding to talin is regulated by the opening of talin
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24
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Chen Y, Ju LA. Biomechanical thrombosis: the dark side of force and dawn of mechano-medicine. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5:185-197. [PMID: 32606086 PMCID: PMC7337368 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2019-000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is in part contributed by excessive platelet aggregation, which can lead to blood clotting and subsequent heart attack and stroke. Platelets are sensitive to the haemodynamic environment. Rapid haemodynamcis and disturbed blood flow, which occur in vessels with growing thrombi and atherosclerotic plaques or is caused by medical device implantation and intervention, promotes platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. In such situations, conventional antiplatelet drugs often have suboptimal efficacy and a serious side effect of excessive bleeding. Investigating the mechanisms of platelet biomechanical activation provides insights distinct from the classic views of agonist-stimulated platelet thrombus formation. In this work, we review the recent discoveries underlying haemodynamic force-reinforced platelet binding and mechanosensing primarily mediated by three platelet receptors: glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and their implications for development of antithrombotic 'mechano-medicine' .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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RIAM-VASP Module Relays Integrin Complement Receptors in Outside-In Signaling Driving Particle Engulfment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051166. [PMID: 32397169 PMCID: PMC7291270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic integrins and complement receptors αMβ2/CR3 and αXβ2/CR4 are classically associated with the phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles. The activation of this receptor is dependent on signals derived from other receptors (inside-out signaling) with the crucial involvement of the Rap1-RIAM-Talin-1 pathway. Here, we analyze the implication of RIAM and its binding partner VASP in the signaling events occurring downstream of β2 integrins (outside-in) during complement-mediated phagocytosis. To this end, we used HL-60 promyelocytic cell lines deficient in RIAM or VASP or overexpressing EGFP-tagged VASP to determine VASP dynamics at phagocytic cups. Our results indicate that RIAM-deficient HL-60 cells presented impaired particle internalization and altered integrin downstream signaling during complement-dependent phagocytosis. Similarly, VASP deficiency completely blocked phagocytosis, while VASP overexpression increased the random movement of phagocytic particles at the cell surface, with reduced internalization. Moreover, the recruitment of VASP to particle contact sites, amount of pSer157-VASP and formation of actin-rich phagocytic cups were dependent on RIAM expression. Our results suggested that RIAM worked as a relay for integrin complement receptors in outside-in signaling, coordinating integrin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements via its interaction with VASP.
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26
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Tang K, Li S, Li P, Xia Q, Yang R, Li T, Li L, Jiang Y, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, You F, Tan Y, Liu Y. Shear stress stimulates integrin β1 trafficking and increases directional migration of cancer cells via promoting deacetylation of microtubules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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28
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Torres-Gomez A, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Phagocytic Integrins: Activation and Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:738. [PMID: 32425937 PMCID: PMC7203660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic integrins are endowed with the ability to engulf and dispose of particles of different natures. Evolutionarily conserved from worms to humans, they are involved in pathogen elimination and apoptotic and tumoral cell clearance. Research in the field of integrin-mediated phagocytosis has shed light on the molecular events controlling integrin activation and their effector functions. However, there are still some aspects of the regulation of the phagocytic process that need to be clarified. Here, we have revised the molecular events controlling phagocytic integrin activation and the downstream signaling driving particle engulfment, and we have focused particularly on αMβ2/CR3, αXβ2/CR4, and a brief mention of αVβ5/αVβ3integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Fourcade B. Nonequilibrium biochemical structures in two space dimensions with local activation and regulation. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012420. [PMID: 32069558 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptor (IR) clustering is an example of pattern self-organization in biological systems. This paper describes a model for receptor activation whose content is guided by two major principles in cellular signal transduction: (i) Proteins cycle between different conformational states; (ii) the dynamics of their conformational dynamics is environment dependent. Based on a simple activation pathway where these two hypotheses are formulated in a self-consistent way, this paper focuses mainly on stochastic simulations valid in the limit of a small number of molecules. It is shown that coherent clustering can lead to digital signaling and receptor competition in biochemical systems where the model gives a recruitment mechanism for the reinforcement of the mechanical linkage with the extracellular matrix. Together with previous works, this paper provides a workable model for cell integrin adhesive structures when feedback mediated by membrane diffusing signals is dominant. Consequences are discussed in the framework of published data concerning the local production of a key phospholipid for cell signaling (PIP_{2}).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fourcade
- Grenoble-Alpes University, CNRS, LIPHy, 38000, Grenoble, France
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30
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Bromberger T, Zhu L, Klapproth S, Qin J, Moser M. Rap1 and membrane lipids cooperatively recruit talin to trigger integrin activation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs235531. [PMID: 31578239 PMCID: PMC6857594 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment and tethering of talin to the plasma membrane initiate the process of integrin activation. Multiple factors including the Rap1 proteins, RIAM (also known as APBB1IP) and PIP2 bind talin proteins and have been proposed to regulate these processes, but not systematically analyzed. By expressing specific talin mutants into talin-null fibroblasts, we show that binding of the talin F0 domain to Rap1 synergizes with membrane lipid binding of the talin F2 domain during talin membrane targeting and integrin activation, whereas the interaction of the talin rod with RIAM was dispensable. We also characterized a second Rap1-binding site within the talin F1 domain by detailed NMR analysis. Interestingly, while talin F1 exhibited significantly weaker Rap1-binding affinity than talin F0, expression of a talin F1 Rap1-binding mutant inhibited cell adhesion, spreading, talin recruitment and integrin activation similarly to the talin F0 Rap1-binding mutant. Moreover, the defects became significantly stronger when both Rap1-binding sites were mutated. In conclusion, our data suggest a model in which cooperative binding of Rap1 to the talin F0 and F1 domains synergizes with membrane PIP2 binding to spatiotemporally position and activate talins to regulate integrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bromberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Markus Moser
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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32
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Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Raina M, Haldar S. Force-Directed “Mechanointeractome” of Talin–Integrin. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4677-4695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Manasven Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Shubhasis Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
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33
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Anderson NR, Lee D, Hammer DA. Adhesive dynamics simulations quantitatively predict effects of kindlin-3 deficiency on T-cell homing. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:293-300. [PMID: 31329860 PMCID: PMC7309535 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion is important for the proper functioning of the immune system. While leukocyte homing is mediated by adhesion receptors, the activation of these receptors is modulated by intracellular signaling molecules. In Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 3, the loss of the kindlin-3 prevents the activation of Leukocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1), which leads to a defect in adhesion, causing recurrent infections and bleeding disorders. Here, we use Integrated Signaling Adhesive Dynamics, a computer model of leukocyte rolling and adhesion combined with a simulated intracellular signaling cascade, to predict the response of T cells to depletion of kindlin-3. Our model predicts that cell adhesion is hypersensitive to the amount of kindlin-3 in the cell, while the rolling velocity is independent of kindlin-3 concentration. In addition, our simulation predicted that the time to stop, an important metric of adhesion, would increase with decreasing kindlin-3 expression. These predictions were confirmed experimentally in experiments using Jurkat cells with reduced expression of kindlin-3. These results suggest that Adhesive Dynamics is a versatile tool for quantifying adhesion in the immune response and predicting the effects of engineering cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dooyoung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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34
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Molecular basis for autoinhibition of RIAM regulated by FAK in integrin activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3524-3529. [PMID: 30733287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818880116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP1-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM) mediates RAP1-induced integrin activation. The RAS-association (RA) segment of the RA-PH module of RIAM interacts with GTP-bound RAP1 and phosphoinositol 4,5 bisphosphate but this interaction is inhibited by the N-terminal segment of RIAM. Here we report the structural basis for the autoinhibition of RIAM by an intramolecular interaction between the IN region (aa 27-93) and the RA-PH module. We solved the crystal structure of IN-RA-PH to a resolution of 2.4-Å. The structure reveals that the IN segment associates with the RA segment and thereby suppresses RIAM:RAP1 association. This autoinhibitory configuration of RIAM can be released by phosphorylation at Tyr45 in the IN segment. Specific inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) blocked phosphorylation of Tyr45, inhibited stimulated translocation of RIAM to the plasma membrane, and inhibited integrin-mediated cell adhesion in a Tyr45-dependent fashion. Our results reveal an unusual regulatory mechanism in small GTPase signaling by which the effector molecule is autoinhibited for GTPase interaction, and a modality of integrin activation at the level of RIAM through a FAK-mediated feedforward mechanism that involves reversal of autoinhibition by a tyrosine kinase associated with integrin signaling.
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35
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36
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Camp D, Haage A, Solianova V, Castle WM, Xu QA, Lostchuck E, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. Direct binding of Talin to Rap1 is required for cell-ECM adhesion in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.225144. [PMID: 30446511 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is essential for animal development and tissue maintenance. The cytoplasmic protein Talin (encoded by rhea in flies) is necessary for linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, and its recruitment is a key step in the assembly of the adhesion complex. However, the mechanisms that regulate Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion in vivo are still not well understood. Here, we show that Talin recruitment to, and maintenance at, sites of integrin-mediated adhesion requires a direct interaction between Talin and the GTPase Rap1. A mutation that blocks the direct binding of Talin to Rap1 abolished Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion and the resulting phenotype phenocopies that seen with null alleles of Talin. Moreover, we show that Rap1 activity modulates Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion via its direct binding to Talin. These results identify the direct Talin-Rap1 interaction as a key in vivo mechanism for controlling integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Amanda Haage
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William M Castle
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Qinyuan A Xu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Emily Lostchuck
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
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37
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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38
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Mykuliak VV, Haining AWM, von Essen M, del Río Hernández A, Hytönen VP. Mechanical unfolding reveals stable 3-helix intermediates in talin and α-catenin. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006126. [PMID: 29698481 PMCID: PMC5940241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stability is a key feature in the regulation of structural scaffolding proteins and their functions. Despite the abundance of α-helical structures among the human proteome and their undisputed importance in health and disease, the fundamental principles of their behavior under mechanical load are poorly understood. Talin and α-catenin are two key molecules in focal adhesions and adherens junctions, respectively. In this study, we used a combination of atomistic steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, polyprotein engineering, and single-molecule atomic force microscopy (smAFM) to investigate unfolding of these proteins. SMD simulations revealed that talin rod α-helix bundles as well as α-catenin α-helix domains unfold through stable 3-helix intermediates. While the 5-helix bundles were found to be mechanically stable, a second stable conformation corresponding to the 3-helix state was revealed. Mechanically weaker 4-helix bundles easily unfolded into a stable 3-helix conformation. The results of smAFM experiments were in agreement with the findings of the computational simulations. The disulfide clamp mutants, designed to protect the stable state, support the 3-helix intermediate model in both experimental and computational setups. As a result, multiple discrete unfolding intermediate states in the talin and α-catenin unfolding pathway were discovered. Better understanding of the mechanical unfolding mechanism of α-helix proteins is a key step towards comprehensive models describing the mechanoregulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl V. Mykuliak
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander William M. Haining
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Armando del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AdRH); (VPH)
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (AdRH); (VPH)
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39
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Yago T, Zhang N, Zhao L, Abrams CS, McEver RP. Selectins and chemokines use shared and distinct signals to activate β2 integrins in neutrophils. Blood Adv 2018; 2:731-744. [PMID: 29592875 PMCID: PMC5894262 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolling neutrophils receive signals while engaging P- and E-selectin and chemokines on inflamed endothelium. Selectin signaling activates β2 integrins to slow rolling velocities. Chemokine signaling activates β2 integrins to cause arrest. Despite extensive study, key aspects of these signaling cascades remain unresolved. Using complementary in vitro and in vivo assays, we found that selectin and chemokine signals in neutrophils triggered Rap1a-dependent and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase γ (PIP5Kγ90)-dependent pathways that induce integrin-dependent slow rolling and arrest. Interruption of both pathways, but not either pathway alone, blocked talin-1 recruitment to and activation of integrins. An isoform of PIP5Kγ90 lacking the talin-binding domain (PIP5Kγ87) could not activate integrins. Chemokines, but not selectins, used phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) in cooperation with Rap1a to mediate integrin-dependent slow rolling (at low chemokine concentrations), as well as arrest (at high chemokine concentrations). High levels of chemokines activated β2 integrins without selectin signals. When chemokines were limiting, they synergized with selectins to activate β2 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
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40
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Ciobanasu C, Wang H, Henriot V, Mathieu C, Fente A, Csillag S, Vigouroux C, Faivre B, Le Clainche C. Integrin-bound talin head inhibits actin filament barbed-end elongation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2586-2596. [PMID: 29276177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) mechanically couple the extracellular matrix to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, via transmembrane integrins and actin-binding proteins. The molecular mechanisms by which protein machineries control force transmission along this molecular axis (i.e. modulating integrin activation and controlling actin polymerization) remain largely unknown. Talin is a major actin-binding protein that controls both the inside-out activation of integrins and actin filament anchoring and thus plays a major role in the establishment of the actin-extracellular matrix mechanical coupling. Talin contains three actin-binding domains (ABDs). The N-terminal head domain contains both the F3 integrin-activating domain and ABD1, whereas the C-terminal rod contains the actin-anchoring ABD2 and ABD3. Integrin binding is regulated by an intramolecular interaction between the N-terminal head and a C-terminal five-helix bundle (R9). Whether talin ABDs regulate actin polymerization in a constitutive or regulated manner has not been fully explored. Here, we combine kinetics assays using fluorescence spectroscopy and single actin filament observation in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, to examine relevant functions of the three ABDs of talin. We find that the N-terminal ABD1 blocks actin filament barbed-end elongation, whereas ABD2 and ABD3 do not show any activity. By mutating residues in ABD1, we find that this activity is mediated by a positively charged surface that is partially masked by its intramolecular interaction with R9. Our results also demonstrate that, once this intramolecular interaction is released, the integrin-bound talin head retains the ability to inhibit actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciobanasu
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Véronique Henriot
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Cécile Mathieu
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Annabelle Fente
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Csillag
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Clémence Vigouroux
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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41
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Zhu L, Yang J, Bromberger T, Holly A, Lu F, Liu H, Sun K, Klapproth S, Hirbawi J, Byzova TV, Plow EF, Moser M, Qin J. Structure of Rap1b bound to talin reveals a pathway for triggering integrin activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1744. [PMID: 29170462 PMCID: PMC5701058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of transmembrane receptor integrin by talin is essential for inducing cell adhesion. However, the pathway that recruits talin to the membrane, which critically controls talin's action, remains elusive. Membrane-anchored mammalian small GTPase Rap1 is known to bind talin-F0 domain but the binding was shown to be weak and thus hardly studied. Here we show structurally that talin-F0 binds to human Rap1b like canonical Rap1 effectors despite little sequence homology, and disruption of the binding strongly impairs integrin activation, cell adhesion, and cell spreading. Furthermore, while being weak in conventional binary binding conditions, the Rap1b/talin interaction becomes strong upon attachment of activated Rap1b to vesicular membranes that mimic the agonist-induced microenvironment. These data identify a crucial Rap1-mediated membrane-targeting mechanism for talin to activate integrin. They further broadly caution the analyses of weak protein-protein interactions that may be pivotal for function but neglected in the absence of specific cellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Bromberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ashley Holly
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kevin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jamila Hirbawi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Markus Moser
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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42
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Jansen K, Atherton P, Ballestrem C. Mechanotransduction at the cell-matrix interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Not Just an Adhesion Molecule: LFA-1 Contact Tunes the T Lymphocyte Program. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1213-1221. [PMID: 28784685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The αLβ2 integrin LFA-1 is known to play a key role in T lymphocyte migration, which is necessary to mount a local immune response, and is also the main driver of autoimmune diseases. This migration-triggering signaling process in T cells is tightly regulated to permit an immune response that is appropriate to the local trigger, as well as to prevent deleterious tissue-damaging bystander effects. Emerging evidence shows that, in addition to prompting a diverse range of downstream signaling cascades, LFA-1 stimulation in T lymphocytes modulates gene-transcription programs, including genetic signatures of TGF-β and Notch pathways, with multifactorial biological outcomes. This review highlights recent findings and discusses molecular mechanisms by which LFA-1 signaling influence T lymphocyte differentiation into the effector subsets Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells. We argue that LFA-1 contact with a cognate ligand, such as ICAM-1, independent of the immune synapse activates a late divergence in T cells' effector phenotypes, hence fine-tuning their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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44
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Patsoukis N, Bardhan K, Weaver JD, Sari D, Torres-Gomez A, Li L, Strauss L, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. The adaptor molecule RIAM integrates signaling events critical for integrin-mediated control of immune function and cancer progression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/493/eaam8298. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Talin has emerged as the key cytoplasmic protein that mediates integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we draw on experiments performed in mammalian cells in culture and Drosophila to present evidence that talin is the most important component of integrin adhesion complexes. We describe how the properties of this adaptor protein enable it to orchestrate integrin adhesions. Talin forms the core of integrin adhesion complexes by linking integrins directly to actin, increasing the affinity of integrin for ligands (integrin activation) and recruiting numerous proteins. It regulates the strength of integrin adhesion, senses matrix rigidity, increases focal adhesion size in response to force and serves as a platform for the building of the adhesion structure. Finally, the mechano-sensitive structure of talin provides a paradigm for how proteins transduce mechanical signals to chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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46
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Hirbawi J, Bialkowska K, Bledzka KM, Liu J, Fukuda K, Qin J, Plow EF. The extreme C-terminal region of kindlin-2 is critical to its regulation of integrin activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14258-14269. [PMID: 28652408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-2 (K2), a 4.1R-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain adaptor protein, mediates numerous cellular responses, including integrin activation. The C-terminal 15-amino acid sequence of K2 is remarkably conserved across species but is absent in canonical FERM proteins, including talin. In CHO cells expressing integrin αIIbβ3, co-expression of K2 with talin head domain resulted in robust integrin activation, but this co-activation was lost after deletion of as few as seven amino acids from the K2 C terminus. This dependence on the C terminus was also observed in activation of endogenous αIIbβ3 in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells and β1 integrin activation in macrophage-like RAW264.1 cells. Kindlin-1 (K1) exhibited a similar dependence on its C terminus for integrin activation. Expression of the K2 C terminus as an extension of membrane-anchored P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) inhibited integrin-dependent cell spreading. Deletion of the K2 C terminus did not affect its binding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail, but combined biochemical and NMR analyses indicated that it can insert into the F2 subdomain. We suggest that this insertion determines the topology of the K2 FERM domain, and its deletion may affect the positioning of the membrane-binding functions of the F2 subdomain and the integrin-binding properties of its F3 subdomain. Free C-terminal peptide can still bind to K2 and displace the endogenous K2 C terminus but may not restore the conformation needed for integrin co-activation. Our findings indicate that the extreme C terminus of K2 is essential for integrin co-activation and highlight the importance of an atypical architecture of the K2 FERM domain in regulating integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Hirbawi
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kamila M Bledzka
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jianmin Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jun Qin
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward F Plow
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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47
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Hu X, Margadant FM, Yao M, Sheetz MP. Molecular stretching modulates mechanosensing pathways. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1337-1351. [PMID: 28474792 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For individual cells in tissues to create the diverse forms of biological organisms, it is necessary that they must reliably sense and generate the correct forces over the correct distances and directions. There is considerable evidence that the mechanical aspects of the cellular microenvironment provide critical physical parameters to be sensed. How proteins sense forces and cellular geometry to create the correct morphology is not understood in detail but protein unfolding appears to be a major component in force and displacement sensing. Thus, the crystallographic structure of a protein domain provides only a starting point to then analyze what will be the effects of physiological forces through domain unfolding or catch-bond formation. In this review, we will discuss the recent studies of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins that describe protein domain dynamics. Forces applied to proteins can activate or inhibit enzymes, increase or decrease protein-protein interactions, activate or inhibit protein substrates, induce catch bonds and regulate interactions with membranes or nucleic acids. Further, the dynamics of stretch-relaxation can average forces or movements to reliably regulate morphogenic movements. In the few cases where single molecule mechanics are studied under physiological conditions such as titin and talin, there are rapid cycles of stretch-relaxation that produce mechanosensing signals. Fortunately, the development of new single molecule and super-resolution imaging methods enable the analysis of single molecule mechanics in physiologically relevant conditions. Thus, we feel that stereotypical changes in cell and tissue shape involve mechanosensing that can be analyzed at the nanometer level to determine the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | | | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Michael Patrick Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Columbia, New York, 10027
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48
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D120 and K152 within the PH Domain of T Cell Adapter SKAP55 Regulate Plasma Membrane Targeting of SKAP55 and LFA-1 Affinity Modulation in Human T Lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00509-16. [PMID: 28052935 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00509-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is needed for the T cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of LFA-1 to promote T cell adhesion and interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). LFA-1-mediated cell-cell interactions are critical for proper T cell differentiation and proliferation. The Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein of 55 kDa (SKAP55) is a key regulator of TCR-mediated LFA-1 signaling (inside-out/outside-in signaling). To gain an understanding of how SKAP55 controls TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation, we assessed the functional role of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We identified two critical amino acid residues within the PH domain of SKAP55, aspartic acid 120 (D120) and lysine 152 (K152). D120 facilitates the retention of SKAP55 in the cytoplasm of nonstimulated T cells, while K152 promotes SKAP55 membrane recruitment via actin binding upon TCR triggering. Importantly, the K152-dependent interaction of the PH domain with actin promotes the binding of talin to LFA-1, thus facilitating LFA-1 activation. These data suggest that K152 and D120 within the PH domain of SKAP55 regulate plasma membrane targeting and TCR-mediated activation of LFA-1.
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49
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Schiemer J, Bohm A, Lin L, Merrill-Skoloff G, Flaumenhaft R, Huang JS, Le Breton GC, Chishti AH. Gα13 Switch Region 2 Relieves Talin Autoinhibition to Activate αIIbβ3 Integrin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26598-26612. [PMID: 27803165 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins function as bi-directional signaling transducers that regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix signals across the membrane. A key modulator of integrin activation is talin, a large cytoskeletal protein that exists in an autoinhibited state in quiescent cells. Talin is a large 235-kDa protein composed of an N-terminal 45-kDa FERM (4.1, ezrin-, radixin-, and moesin-related protein) domain, also known as the talin head domain, and a series of helical bundles known as the rod domain. The talin head domain consists of four distinct lobes designated as F0-F3. Integrin binding and activation are mediated through the F3 region, a critically regulated domain in talin. Regulation of the F3 lobe is accomplished through autoinhibition via anti-parallel dimerization. In the anti-parallel dimerization model, the rod domain region of one talin molecule binds to the F3 lobe on an adjacent talin molecule, thus achieving the state of autoinhibition. Platelet functionality requires integrin activation for adherence and thrombus formation, and thus regulation of talin presents a critical node where pharmacological intervention is possible. A major mechanism of integrin activation in platelets is through heterotrimeric G protein signaling regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we provide evidence that switch region 2 (SR2) of the ubiquitously expressed G protein (Gα13) directly interacts with talin, relieves its state of autoinhibition, and triggers integrin activation. Biochemical analysis of Gα13 shows SR2 binds directly to the F3 lobe of talin's head domain and competes with the rod domain for binding. Intramolecular FRET analysis shows Gα13 can relieve autoinhibition in a cellular milieu. Finally, a myristoylated SR2 peptide shows demonstrable decrease in thrombosis in vivo Altogether, we present a mechanistic basis for the regulation of talin through Gα13.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Schiemer
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Andrew Bohm
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology
| | - Li Lin
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology.,Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jin-Sheng Huang
- the Research Resources Center, Protein Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Guy C Le Breton
- the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Athar H Chishti
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, .,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology.,Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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50
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Ye X, McLean MA, Sligar SG. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Modulates the Affinity of Talin-1 for Phospholipid Bilayers and Activates Its Autoinhibited Form. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5038-48. [PMID: 27548281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are vital transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and signaling. Talin is a 270 kDa protein and is considered a key regulator of integrin activity. The interaction between talin and integrin is commonly regarded as the final step of inside-out activation. In the cytosol, talin adopts an autoinhibited conformation, in which the C-terminal rod domain binds the N-terminal head domain, preventing the interactions of the head domain with the membrane surface and the integrin cytoplasmic domain. It has long been suggested that the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at focal adhesions plays a role in activating talin. However, a detailed picture and mechanism of PIP2 activation of autoinhibited talin remains elusive. Here, we use a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based binding assay to measure the affinity of talin and lipid bilayers harboring anionic lipids. Results show that the R9 and R12R13 segments of the talin rod domain inhibit the binding of the talin head domain (THD) to anionic lipid bilayers. In contrast, we show that the binding of the THD to bilayers containing PIP2 is insensitive to the presence of the inhibitor domains, thereby directly implicating PIP2 as an effective activator of talin. Furthermore, we have mapped the activation to the interaction of PIP2 with the F2F3 domain of the talin head, showing that PIP2 plays a critical role in the regulation of the autoinhibited form of talin and stimulates recruitment of talin to the membrane, which is essential for integrin inside-out signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark A McLean
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen G Sligar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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