1
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Langa F, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD. Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400361. [PMID: 39240557 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of narrow bandgap A-D-A- and ADA'DA-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all-small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17-18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all-SM-OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all-SM-OSCs, and the recently developed layer-by-layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all-SM-OSCs for their commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
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2
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Niu G, Bi X, Kang Y, Zhao H, Li R, Ding M, Zhou B, Zhai Y, Ji X, Chen Y. An Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Structured Nano-Aggregate for NIR-Triggered Interventional Photoimmunotherapy of Cervical Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407199. [PMID: 39096075 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Compared with conventional therapies, photoimmunotherapy offers precise targeted cancer treatment with minimal damage to healthy tissues and reduced side effects, but its efficacy may be limited by shallow light penetration and the potential for tumor resistance. Here, an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-structured nanoaggregate is developed with dual phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), triggered by single near-infrared (NIR) light. Benefiting from strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), the A-D-A-structured nanoaggregates exhibit broad absorption extending to the NIR region and effectively suppressed fluorescence, which enables deep penetration and efficient photothermal conversion (η = 67.94%). A suitable HOMO-LUMO distribution facilitates sufficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to convert ground-state oxygen (3O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anions (·O2 -), and catalyze hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation. The enhanced ICT and ISC effects endow the A-D-A structured nanoaggregates with efficient PTT and PDT for cervical cancer, inducing efficient immunogenic cell death. In combination with clinical aluminum adjuvant gel, a novel photoimmunotherapy strategy for cervical cancer is developed and demonstrated to significantly inhibit primary and metastatic tumors in orthotopic and intraperitoneal metastasis cervical cancer animal models. The noninvasive therapy strategy offers new insights for clinical early-stage and advanced cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Henan Reproductive Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengbin Ding
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baoli Zhou
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Medical College, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Lin C, Peng R, Shi J, Ge Z. Research progress and application of high efficiency organic solar cells based on benzodithiophene donor materials. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230122. [PMID: 39175891 PMCID: PMC11335474 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for clean and renewable energy has grown increasingly urgent due to the irreversible alteration of the global climate change. As a result, organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to address this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the molecular design strategies of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymer and small molecule donor materials since their birth, focusing on the development of main-chain engineering, side-chain engineering and other unique molecular design paths. Up to now, the state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs prepared by BDT-based donor materials has approached 20%. This work discusses the potential relationship between the molecular changes of donor materials and photoelectric performance in corresponding OSC devices in detail, thereby presenting a rational molecular design guidance for stable and efficient donor materials in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
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4
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Chen Z, Ge J, Song W, Tong X, Liu H, Yu X, Li J, Shi J, Xie L, Han C, Liu Q, Ge Z. 20.2% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics Employing a π-Extension Quinoxaline-Based Acceptor with Ordered Arrangement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406690. [PMID: 38899582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells, as a cutting-edge sustainable renewable energy technology, possess a myriad of potential applications, while the bottleneck problem of less than 20% efficiency limits the further development. Simultaneously achieving an ordered molecular arrangement, appropriate crystalline domain size, and reduced nonradiative recombination poses a significant challenge and is pivotal for overcoming efficiency limitations. This study employs a dual strategy involving the development of a novel acceptor and ternary blending to address this challenge. A novel non-fullerene acceptor, SMA, characterized by a highly ordered arrangement and high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, is synthesized. By incorporating SMA as a guest acceptor in the PM6:BTP-eC9 system, it is observed that SMA staggered the liquid-solid transition of donor and acceptor, facilitating acceptor crystallization and ordering while maintaining a suitable domain size. Furthermore, SMA optimized the vertical morphology and reduced bimolecular recombination. As a result, the ternary device achieved a champion efficiency of 20.22%, accompanied by increased voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor. Notably, a stabilized efficiency of 18.42% is attained for flexible devices. This study underscores the significant potential of a synergistic approach integrating acceptor material innovation and ternary blending techniques for optimizing bulk heterojunction morphology and photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wei Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xueliang Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Chen H, Sun W, Zhang R, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zeng G, Ding J, Chen W, Gao F, Li Y, Li Y. Heterogeneous Nucleating Agent for High-Boiling-Point Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402350. [PMID: 38554138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
High-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents are superior solvents to produce large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) in industry because of their wide processing window and low toxicity; while, these solvents with slow evaporation kinetics will lead excessive aggregation of state-of-the-art small molecule acceptors (e.g. L8-BO), delivering serious efficiency losses. Here, a heterogeneous nucleating agent strategy is developed by grafting oligo (ethylene glycol) side-chains on L8-BO (BTO-BO). The formation energy of the obtained BTO-BO; while, changing from liquid in a solvent to a crystalline phase, is lower than that of L8-BO irrespective of the solvent type. When BTO-BO is added as the third component into the active layer (e.g. PM6:L8-BO), it easily assembles to form numerous seed crystals, which serve as nucleation sites to trigger heterogeneous nucleation and increase nucleation density of L8-BO through strong hydrogen bonding interactions even in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents. Therefore, it can effectively suppress excessive aggregation during growth, achieving ideal phase-separation active layer with small domain sizes and high crystallinity. The resultant toluene-processed OSCs exhibit a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42% (certificated 19.12%) with excellent operational stability. The strategy also has superior advantages in large-scale devices, showing a 15.03-cm2 module with a record PCE of 16.35% (certificated 15.97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Yuting Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Ding
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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6
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Li J, Wang L, Zhang C, Wang H, Pan Y, Li S, Chen XK, Jia T, Wang K. Manipulation of the Self-Assembly Morphology by Side-Chain Engineering of Quinoxaline-Substituted Organic Photothermal Molecules for Highly Efficient Solar-Thermal Conversion and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402726. [PMID: 38494458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic photothermal materials have attracted increasing attention because of their structural diversity, flexibility, and compatibility. However, their energy conversion efficiency is limited owing to the narrow absorption spectrum, strong reflection/transmittance, and insufficient nonradiative decay. In this study, two quinoxaline-based D-A-D-A-D-type molecules with ethyl (BQE) or carboxylate (BQC) substituents were synthesized. Strong intramolecular charge transfer provided both molecules with a broad absorption range of 350-1000 nm. In addition, the high reorganization energy and weak molecular packing of BQE resulted in efficient nonradiative decay. More importantly, the self-assembly of BQE leads to a textured surface and enhances the light-trapping efficiency with significantly reduced light reflection/transmittance. Consequently, BQE achieved an impressive solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 18.16 % under 1.0 kW m-2 irradiation with good photobleaching resistance. Based on this knowledge, the water evaporation rate of 1.2 kg m-2 h-1 was attained for the BQE-based interfacial evaporation device with an efficiency of 83 % under 1.0 kW m-2 simulated sunlight. Finally, the synergetic integration of solar-steam and thermoelectric co-generation devices based on BQE was realized without significantly sacrificing solar-steam efficiency. This underscores the practical applications of BQE-based technology in effectively harnessing photothermal energy. This study provides new insights into the molecular design for enhancing light-trapping management by molecular self-assembly, paving the way for photothermal-driven applications of organic photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Luoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Management, Xián Polytechnic University, Xián, 710600, China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Shizhang Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
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7
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Zhang L, Deng D, Lu K, Wei Z. Optimization of Charge Management and Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302915. [PMID: 37399575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have received tremendous attention in recent decades because of their advantages over their polymer counterparts. These advantages include well-defined chemical structures, easy purification, and negligible batch-to-batch variation. Remarkable progress with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17% has recently been achieved with improved charge management (FF × JSC) and reduced energy loss (Eloss). Morphology control is the key factor in the progress of ASM-OSCs, which remains a significant challenge because of the similarities in the molecular structures of the donors and acceptors. In this review, the effective strategies for charge management and/or Eloss reduction from the perspective of effective morphology control are summarized. The aim is to provide practical insights and guidance for material design and device optimization to promote further development of ASM-OSCs to a level where they can compete with or even surpass the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Liu F, Jiang Y, Xu R, Su W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xu S, Zhang W, Yi Y, Ma W, Zhu X. Nonfullerene Acceptor Featuring Unique Self-Regulation Effect for Organic Solar Cells with 19 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313791. [PMID: 38050643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The blend nanomorphology of electron-donor (D) and -acceptor (A) materials is of vital importance to achieving highly efficient organic solar cells. Exogenous additives especially aromatic additives are always needed to further optimize the nanomorphology of blend films, which is hardly compatible with industrial manufacture. Herein, we proposed a unique approach to meticulously modulate the aggregation behavior of NFAs in both crystal and thin film nanomorphology via self-regulation effect. Nonfullerene acceptor Z9 was designed and synthesized by tethering phenyl groups on the inner side chains of the Y6 backbone. Compared with Y6, the tethered phenyl groups participated in the molecular aggregation via the π-π stacking of phenyl-phenyl and phenyl-2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC-2F) groups, which induced 3D charge transport with phenyl-mediated super-exchange electron coupling. Moreover, ordered molecular packing with suitable phase separation was observed in Z9-based blend films. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.0 % (certified PCE of 18.6 %) for Z9-based devices were achieved without additives, indicating the great potential of the self-regulation strategy in NFA design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenli Su
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Yang X, Shao Y, Wang S, Chen M, Xiao B, Sun R, Min J. Processability Considerations for Next-Generation Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307863. [PMID: 38048536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has resulted in unforeseen outcomes. This has provided substitute choices of photoactive layer materials, which effectively convert sunlight into electricity. Recently developed OPV materials have narrowed down the gaps in efficiency, stability, and cost in devices. Records now show power conversion efficiency in single-junction devices closing to 20%. Despite this, there is still a gap between the currently developed OPV materials and those that meet the requirements of practical applications, especially the solution processability issue widely concerned in the field of OPVs. Based on the general rule that structure determines properties, methodologies to enhance the processability of OPV materials are reviewed and explored from the perspective of material design and views on the further development of processable OPV materials are presented. Considering the current dilemma that the existing evaluation indicators cannot reflect the industrial processability of OPV materials, a more complete set of key performance indicators are proposed for their processability considerations. The purpose of this perspective is to raise awareness of the boundary conditions that exist in industrial OPV manufacturing and to provide guidance for academic research that aspires to contribute to technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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10
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Liang H, Bi X, Chen H, He T, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ma K, Feng W, Ma Z, Long G, Li C, Kan B, Zhang H, Rakitin OA, Wan X, Yao Z, Chen Y. A rare case of brominated small molecule acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4707. [PMID: 37543678 PMCID: PMC10404295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that bromine possesses similar properties but extra merits of easily synthesizing and polarizing comparing to homomorphic fluorine and chlorine, it is quite surprising very rare high-performance brominated small molecule acceptors have been reported. This may be caused by undesirable film morphologies stemming from relatively larger steric hindrance and excessive crystallinity of bromides. To maximize the advantages of bromides while circumventing weaknesses, three acceptors (CH20, CH21 and CH22) are constructed with stepwise brominating on central units rather than conventional end groups, thus enhancing intermolecular packing, crystallinity and dielectric constant of them without damaging the favorable intermolecular packing through end groups. Consequently, PM6:CH22-based binary organic solar cells render the highest efficiency of 19.06% for brominated acceptors, more excitingly, a record-breaking efficiency of 15.70% when further thickening active layers to ~500 nm. By exhibiting such a rare high-performance brominated acceptor, our work highlights the great potential for achieving record-breaking organic solar cells through delicately brominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Rasool S, Kim JY. Prospects of glove-box versus air-processed organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:19337-19357. [PMID: 37462029 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In the search for alternate green energy sources to offset dependence on fossil fuels, solar energy can certainly meet two needs with one deed: fulfil growing global energy demands due to its non-depletable nature and lower greenhouse gas emissions. As such, third generation thin film photovoltaic technology based organic solar cells (OSCs) can certainly play their role in providing electricity at a competing or lower cost than 1st and 2nd generation solar technologies. As OSCs are still at an early stage of research and development, much focus has been placed on improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) inside a controlled environment i.e. a glove-box (GB) filled with an inert gas such as N2. This was necessary until now, to control and study the local nanomorphology of the spin-coated blend films. For OSCs to compete with other solar energy technologies, OSCs should produce similar or even better morphologies in an open environment i.e. air, such that air-processed OSCs can result in similar PCEs in comparison to their GB-processed counterparts. In this review, we have compared GB- vs. air-processed OSCs from morphological and device physics aspects and underline the key features of efficient OSCs, processed in either GB or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafket Rasool
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
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12
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Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Ge Z. Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Small-Molecule Donors and Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206566. [PMID: 36482012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFA) has prompted the rapid progress of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) from around 12% to 17%. The excellent PCE improvement benefits from not only the outstanding properties of Y-series acceptors but also the successful development of small-molecule donors. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and nonradiative recombination are all optimized to the unprecedented values, providing a scenery that is obviously different from the ITIC-series based ASM-OSCs. In this review, OSCs utilizing small-molecule donors and Y-NFA are summarized and classified in order to provide an up-to-date development overview and give an insight on structure-property correlation. Then, the characteristics of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) formation of ASM-OSCs are discussed and compared with that of polymer-based OSCs. Finally, the challenges and outlook on designing ground-breaking small-molecule donor and forming an ideal BHJ morphology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Yue Y, Yang J, Zheng B, Huo L, Dong H, Wang J, Jiang L. Asymmetric Wettability Mediated Patterning of Single Crystalline Nematic Liquid Crystal and P-N Heterojunction Toward a Broadband Photodetector. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13371-13379. [PMID: 36862587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The well aligned and precise patterning of liquid crystals (LCs) are considered as two key challenges for large-scale and high-efficiency integrated optoelectronic devices. However, owing to the uncontrollable liquid flow and dewetting process in the conventional techniques, most of the reported research is mainly focused on simple sematic LCs, which are composed of terthiophenes or benzothieno[3, 2-b][1] benzothiophene backbone; only a few works are carried out on the complicated LCs. Herein, an efficient strategy was introduced to control the liquid flow and alignment of LCs and realized precise and high-quality patterning of A-π-D-π-A BTR, based on the asymmetric wettability interface. Through this strategy, the large-area and well-aligned BTR microwires array was fabricated, which exhibited highly ordered molecular packing and improved charge transport performance. Furthermore, the integration of BTR and PC71BM was achieved to manufacture uniform P-N heterojunction arrays, which still possessed highly ordered alignment of BTR. On the basis of these aligned heterojunction arrays, the high-performance photodetector exhibited an excellent responsivity of 27.56 A W-1 and a specific detectivity of 2.07 × 1012 Jones. This research not only provides an efficient strategy for the fabrication of aligned micropatterns of LCs but also gives a novel insight for the fabrication of high-quality micropatterns of the P-N heterojunction toward integrated optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P. R. China
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14
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Ge J, Chen Z, Ye Q, Xie L, Song W, Guo Y, Zhang J, Tong X, Zhang J, Zhou E, Wei Z, Ge Z. Modulation of Molecular Stacking via Tuning 2-Ethylhexyl Alkyl Chain Enables Improved Efficiency for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10803-10811. [PMID: 36799569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is always a dilemma between strong π-π stacking/crystallinity and suitable domain size for all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs), which puts forward higher requirements for the design of molecular donors. In this work, a series of novel molecular donors with different positional 2-ethylhexy (EH) attachments are designed and synthesized, named SM-R, SM-REH, SM-EH-R, and SM-EH-REH. It is found that EH-substitution on end groups (SM-REH) enables improved π-π interaction and crystallinity but with decreased solubility and phase size, leading to the improved efficiency of 15.6% as compared to 14.0% of SM-R. In contrast, EH-substitution on the π-bridge (SM-EH-R) significantly suppresses π-π stacking and increases the solubility, resulting in the lower efficiency of 11.9%. The further EH-substitution on end-groups of SM-EH-R, namely, SM-EH-REH, recovers the π-π stacking strength and obtains a moderate efficiency of 14.4%. Despite the higher crystallinity and increased π-π stacking in some molecules, the blend films show the gradually decreased domain size in the sequence of SM-R, SM-REH, SM-EH-R, and SM-EH-REH owing to the steric hindrance of the EH-chain. Overall, this work indicates that obtaining the higher π-π stacking/crystallinity and decreased domain size is achievable by tuning the EH-chain substitution, which paves the way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuntong Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Camaioni N, Carbonera C, Ciammaruchi L, Corso G, Mwaura J, Po R, Tinti F. Polymer Solar Cells with Active Layer Thickness Compatible with Scalable Fabrication Processes: A Meta-Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210146. [PMID: 36609981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) has been considered for a long time a promising emerging solar technology. Currently, however, market shares of OPV are practically non-existent. A detailed meta-analysis of the literature published until mid-2021 is presented, focusing on one of the remaining issues that need to be addressed to translate the recent remarkable progress, obtained in devices' performance at lab-scale level, into the requirements able to boost the manufacturing-scale production. Namely, the active layer's thickness is referred to, which, together with device efficiency and stability, represents one of the biggest challenges of this technological research field. Papers describing solar cells containing non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) binary and ternary blends, as well as NFA plus fullerene acceptor (FA) ternary blends are reviewed. The common ground of all analyzed devices is their high-thickness active layers, compatible with large-area deposition techniques. By defining a new figure of merit to discuss the OPV thickness (thickness tolerance, TT), it is found that this parameter is not affected by the chemical family's nature of the active blend components. On the other hand, the analysis suggests that there are promising strategies to improve the TT, which are discussed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Camaioni
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Chiara Carbonera
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Laura Ciammaruchi
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Gianni Corso
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Mwaura
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Riccardo Po
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
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16
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Zhao Y, Huang Z, Kang X, Yu J, Ding M, Liu D, Lu G, Bao X, Yu L, Sun M. End Group Effect of Asymmetric Benzodithiophene-Based Donor with Liquid-Crystal State for Small-Molecule Binary Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205244. [PMID: 36436884 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal small molecule donor (LC-SMD) is a new type organic semiconductor, which is attractive not only for the easy synthesis and purification, well-defined chemical structures, etc., but also for the LC state that makes the crystallinity and aggregation state of molecules adjustable. Here, one new LC-SMD (a-BTR-H4) is synthesized with 1D alkoxyl and 2D thiophene-alkylthiol side-chained benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene core, trithiophene π-bridge, and 3-(2-ethylhexyl) rhodanine end group. a-BTR-H4 shows low LC transition temperature, 117 °C, however, counterpart material (a-BTR-H5) with the same main structure but 3-ethyl rhodanine terminal group does not show LC properties. Although a-BTR-H4/H5 show similar Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and energy levels, a-BTR-H4 affords relatively high photovoltaic performances due to favorable blend morphology produced by the consistent annealing temperature of Y6-based accepters and liquid crystal temperature of donors. Preliminary results indicate that a-BTR-H4 gains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.36% for Y6-based devices, which is ascribed to better light harvest as well as balanced carrier generation and transport, while a-BTR-H5 obtains 7.57% PCE. Therefore, some materials with unique nematic LC phase have great application potential in organic electronics, and further work to utilize a-BTR-H4 for high-performance device is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Minggeng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Deyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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17
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Xiao X, Zhou M, Cong Z, Zou J, Liu R. Advance in the Polymerization Strategy for the Synthesis of β-Peptides and β-Peptoids. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200368. [PMID: 36226554 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide mimics, possessing excellent biocompatibility and protease stability, have attracted broad attention and research in the biomedical field. β-Peptides and β-peptoids, as two types of vital peptide mimics, have demonstrated great potential in the field of foldamers, antimicrobials and protein binding, etc. Currently, the main synthetic strategies for β-peptides and β-peptoids include solid-phase synthesis and polymerization. Among them, polymerization in one-pot can minimize the repeated separation and purification used in solid-phase synthesis, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and can synthesize β-peptides and β-peptoids with high molecular weight. This review summarizes the polymerization methods for β-peptides and β-peptoids. Moreover, future developments of the polymerization method for the synthesis of β-peptides and β-peptoids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Zou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.,East China University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Li J, Zhang C, Zhong X, Deng W, Hu H, Wang K. End-Group Engineering of Chlorine-Trialkylsiylthienyl Chain-Substituted Small-Molecule Donors for High-Efficiency Ternary Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205572. [PMID: 36399633 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ternary architecture has been widely demonstrated as a facile and efficient strategy to boost the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the rational design of the third component with suitable core and end-group modification is still a challenge. Herein, two new small-molecule (SM) donors BT-CN and BT-ER, featuring the identical conjugated backbone with distinct end group, have been designed, synthesized, and introduced into the PM6:Y6 binary system as the second donor. Both molecules exhibit complementary absorption and good miscibility with PM6, contributing to the nanofibrous phases and strong face-on molecular packing. Importantly, the incorporation of BT-CN/BT-ER has significantly facilitated charge collection and transportation with remarkable suppression of carrier recombination. As a result, ternary OSCs with 20 wt% BT-CN/BT-ER achieved a PCE of 16.8%/17.22% with synchronously increased open-circuit voltage (VOC ), short-circuit current density (JSC ) and fill factor (FF). Moreover, replacing Y6 with L8-BO further improves the PCE to 18.05%/18.11%, indicating the universality of both molecules as the third component. This work demonstrates not only two efficient SM donors with 4,8-bis(4-chloro-5-(tripropylsilyl)thiophen-2-yl) benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDTT-SiCl) as the core but also end group modification strategy to fine-tune the absorption spectrum, molecular packing, and energy levels of SM donors to construct high-performance ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzun Zhong
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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19
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Gao H, Sun Y, Meng L, Han C, Wan X, Chen Y. Recent Progress in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205594. [PMID: 36449633 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Active layer material plays a critical role in promoting the performance of an organic solar cell (OSC). Small-molecule (SM) materials have the merits of well-defined chemical structures, few batch-to-batch variations, facile synthesis and purification procedures, and easily tuned properties. SM-donor and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) innovations have recently produced all-small-molecule (ASM) devices with power conversion efficiencies that exceed 17% and approach those of their polymer-based counterparts, thereby demonstrating their great future commercialization potential. In this review, recent progress in both SM donors and NFAs to illustrate structure-property relationships and various morphology-regulation strategies are summarized. Finally, ASM-OSC challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Gao
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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20
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Patil Y, Butenschön H, Misra R. Tetracyanobutadiene Bridged Push-Pull Chromophores: Development of New Generation Optoelectronic Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200208. [PMID: 36202630 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the design strategies used for the synthesis of various tetracyanobutadiene bridged donor-acceptor molecular architectures by a click type [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction sequence. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged molecular architectures based on various moieties including diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, benzothiadiazole, pyrene, pyrazabole, truxene, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), phenothiazine, triphenylamine, thiazole and bisthiazole are summarized. Further, we discuss some important applications of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged derivatives in dye sensitized solar cells, bulk heterojunction solar cells and photothermal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India.,Present Address: Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) -, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35700, France
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
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21
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Ayriyan A, Ayryan EA, Egorov AA, Timko M, Kopčanský P. Properties of liquid-crystal wave-guiding structures. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7441-7451. [PMID: 36134729 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of some properties of multimode liquid crystal waveguide structures. The nematic 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) was used as a liquid crystal. A description of the experiments performed and some of the techniques used are given. Scattering diagrams are presented that characterize the features of propagation in a multimode liquid-crystal waveguide of one and many modes. It is shown that when an external repetitively pulsed electric field is switched on, the attenuation and size of inhomogeneities decrease. To explain this effect, the classical theory of liquid crystal director fluctuations is used. For the first time some properties of a liquid-crystal waveguide are described with explicit allowance for the two-dimensional Frederiks model. The two-dimensional nature of the liquid crystal director reorientation effects in our case (including under the action of an electric impulse-periodic field) required the involvement of the three-dimensional theory of light scattering in an LC waveguide and, as a consequence, the study of two-dimensional scattering diagrams in experiments, which make it possible to consider the two-dimensional nature of the behavior of the LC director. The relevance and importance of such studies are related both to the practical use and prospects of using liquid crystal materials in various high-speed and low-energy integrated-optical devices, for example, in communication elements, modulators, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayriyan
- Meshcheryakov Laboratory of Information Technologies, JINR, Dubna, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., 141980, Russia
- IT and Computing Division, A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Str., 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
- Dubna State University, 19 Universitetskaya Str., Dubna, 141980, Russia
| | - E A Ayryan
- Meshcheryakov Laboratory of Information Technologies, JINR, Dubna, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., 141980, Russia
- Dubna State University, 19 Universitetskaya Str., Dubna, 141980, Russia
| | - A A Egorov
- Popov Moscow Society for Radioengineering, Electronics and Communications, 2 Sretenskii Blv., Moscow, 101000, Russia.
| | - M Timko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 47 Watsonova str., Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - P Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 47 Watsonova str., Košice, 04001, Slovakia
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22
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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23
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Gao W, Jiang M, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang W, Cai N, Xie H, Lin FR, Luo J, An Q, Woo HY, Jen AK. Intramolecular Chloro–Sulfur Interaction and Asymmetric Side‐Chain Isomerization to Balance Crystallinity and Miscibility in All‐Small‐Molecule Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205168. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Baobing Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ning Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hua Xie
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Francis R. Lin
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-2120 USA
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
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24
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Gupta P, Toksha B, Patel B, Rushiya Y, Das P, Rahaman M. Recent Developments and Research Avenues for Polymers in Electric Vehicles. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200186. [PMID: 35959940 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plastics have been an indispensable material of choice in automobiles with wide range of applications such as interior, exterior, under the hood, and lighting/wiring applications. The prime motive of inclusion of these materials is increase in fuel efficiency and reduction in carbon footprint by replacing the energy intensive metallic counterparts. The current decade i. e., the 2020s has seen a recent surge in the sales of electronic vehicles. Although these numbers are promising, the growth in the rest of the parts of the world is not encouraging. It is primarily due to the skepticism involving battery life and efficiency, profitability, and environmental footprint when compared to conventional and hybrid vehicles. Also, a more concerted effort is needed in the lagging areas in order to install the required infrastructure. The emergence of plastics in the development and acceptance of e-vehicles is going to be pivotal especially when the efficiency and profitability are considered as they give the required freedom to the engineers for the design and development of various parts and sizes by replacing the bulkier and more dense materials. Also, the research on bionanocomposites has received great interest from the research community due to their versatility in application along with their eco-friendly nature throughout the lifecycle starting from feedstock up to end-of-life treatment. This review paper will be one of its kind to present a critical review of the recent developments of polymers suitable for use in e-vehicles. Also, a comprehensive discussion comprising of newer research areas for polymers in their use for e-vehicles will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gupta
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Bhagwan Toksha
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Bhargav Patel
- Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Yash Rushiya
- Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Paramita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Franca LG, dos Santos PL, Pander P, Cabral MB, Cristiano R, Cazati T, Monkman AP, Bock H, Eccher J. Delayed Fluorescence by Triplet-Triplet Annihilation from Columnar Liquid Crystal Films. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 4:3486-3494. [PMID: 35910938 PMCID: PMC9330766 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Delayed fluorescence (DF) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is observed in solutions of a benzoperylene-imidoester mesogen that shows a hexagonal columnar mesophase at room temperature in the neat state. A similar benzoperylene-imide with a slightly smaller HOMO-LUMO gap, that also is hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline at room temperature, does not show DF in solution, and mixtures of the two mesogens show no DF in solution either, because of collisional quenching of the excited triplet states on the imidoester by the imide. In contrast, DF by TTA from the imide but not from the imidoester is observed in condensed films of such mixtures, even though neat films of either single material are not displaying DF. In contrast to the DF from the monomeric imidoester in solution, DF of the imide occurs from dimeric aggregates in the blend films, assisted by the imidoester. Thus, the close contact of intimately stacked molecules of the two different species in the columnar mesophase leads to a unique mesophase-assisted aggregate DF. This constitutes the first observation of DF by TTA from the columnar liquid crystalline state. If the imide is dispersed in films of polybromostyrene, which provides an external heavy-atom effect facilitating triplet formation, DF is also observed. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices incorporating these liquid crystal molecules demonstrated high external quantum efficiency (EQE). On the basis of the literature and to the best of our knowledge, the EQE reported is the highest among nondoped solution-processed OLED devices using a columnar liquid crystal molecule as the emitting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G. Franca
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Santa Catarina, 88040900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paloma L. dos Santos
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Piotr Pander
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marília
G. B. Cabral
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
da Paraíba, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Centre
de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS & Université
de Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Rodrigo Cristiano
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
da Paraíba, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cazati
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Ouro Preto − UFOP, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas
Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre
de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS & Université
de Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Juliana Eccher
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Santa Catarina, 88040900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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26
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry 100190 CHINA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing CHINA
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27
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Ye Q, Ge J, Li D, Chen Z, Shi J, Zhang X, Zhou E, Yang D, Ge Z. Modulation of the Fluorination Site on Side-Chain Thiophene Improved Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33234-33241. [PMID: 35834357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning the phase-separated morphology is of great importance to achieve efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). In this work, a pair of isomers are designed and synthesized, namely, BDT-UF and BDT-DF, in which the fluorine atom in BDT-UF is close to the alkyl chain of side-chain thiophene, while that in BDT-DF is close to the center core. Owing to the noncovalent interaction between fluorine and hydrogen, BDT-DF shows a smaller dihedral angle between the thiophene side chain and the BDT core, which causes better molecular planarity. When mixed with N3, BDT-UF shows better miscibility, higher crystallinity, and more ordered molecule stacking in the blend film. Finally, the device of BDT-DF:N3 gains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.5%, while that of BDT-UF:N3 shows an increase in Voc, Jsc, and FF and gains a PCE of 15.1%. Our work exhibits a way of adjusting the substitution site of fluorine atoms to improve the PCE of ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Ye
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Oligothiophene-based photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells: rise, plateau, and revival. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Gao W, Jiang M, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang W, Cai N, Xie H, Lin FR, Luo J, An Q, Woo HY, Jen AKY. Intramolecular Choloro‐Sulfur Interaction and Asymmetric Side‐Chain Isomerization to Balance Crystallinity and Miscibility in All‐Small‐Molecule Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 100081 Beijing CHINA
| | - Ziang Wu
- Korea University Department of Chemistry 136-713 Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Baobing Fan
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Ning Cai
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Hua Xie
- Wuhan University School of Water Resources and Hydropower 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Francis R. Lin
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Jingdong Luo
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 100081 Beijing CHINA
| | - Han Young Woo
- Korea University Department of Chemistry Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- City University of Hong Kong Chemistry Tat Chee Ave 999077 Kowloon CHINA
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30
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Crystallinity and Molecular Packing of Small Molecules in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystallinity has played a major role in organic solar cells (OSCs). In small molecule (SM) bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, the crystallinity and crystalline packing of SM donors have been shown to have a dramatic impact on the formation of an optimum microstructure leading to high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein we describe how crystallinity differs from polymers to SMs, and how the packing habits of SMs (particularly donors) in active layers of BHJ devices can be described as following two different main modes: a single crystal-like and a liquid crystal-like packing type. This notion is reviewed from a chronological perspective, emphasising milestone donor structures and studies focusing on the crystallinity in SM-BHJ OSCs. This review intends to demonstrate that a shift towards a liquid crystalline-like packing can be identified throughout the history of SM-BHJ, and that this shift can be associated with an increase in overall PCE.
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31
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Lowing the energy loss of organic solar cells by molecular packing engineering via multiple molecular conjugation extension. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Cai S, Huang P, Cai G, Lu X, Hu D, Hu C, Lu S. Symmetrically Fluorinated Benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-Cored Donor for High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Improved Active Layer Morphology and Crystallinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14532-14540. [PMID: 35298146 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain engineering is an efficient molecular design strategy for morphology optimization and performance improvement of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a novel small-molecule donor C-2F, which owns a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) central unit with a symmetrically difluorinated benzene ring as a conjugated side chain, has been synthesized. The conjugated side chain possesses both the symmetry and halogenation effect in novel small molecular donor material. The photovoltaic devices were fabricated with N3 as an acceptor. C-2F:N3 based devices achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 14.64% with a Jsc of 24.87 mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.85 V, and an FF of 69.33%. Then, we investigated the basic material properties, photovoltaic mechanism, and active layer morphology, and the results show that this molecular design strategy of the symmetrically difluorinated moiety as the conjugated side chain provides an effective method for fine-tuning the molecular stacking pattern and active layer phase separation morphology, to improve the all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs' performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songming Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China
- Thin-film Solar Technology Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Thin-film Solar Technology Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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Qin J, Yang Q, Oh J, Chen S, Odunmbaku GO, Ouedraogo NAN, Yang C, Sun K, Lu S. Volatile Solid Additive-Assisted Sequential Deposition Enables 18.42% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105347. [PMID: 35072347 PMCID: PMC8948555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphology optimization of active layer plays a critical role in improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, a volatile solid additive-assisted sequential deposition (SD) strategy is reported to regulate the molecular order and phase separation in solid state. The OSC adopts polymer donor D18-Cl and acceptor N3 as active layer, as well as 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) as volatile additive. Compared to the D18-Cl:N3 (one-time deposition of mixture) and D18-Cl/N3 (SD) platforms, the D18-Cl/N3(DIB) device based on DIB-assisted SD method exhibits a finer phase separation with greatly enhanced molecular crystallinity. The optimal morphology delivers superior charge transport and extraction, offering a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.42% with significantly enhanced short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 27.18 mA cm-2 and fill factor of 78.8%. This is one of the best performances in binary SD OSCs to date. Angle-dependent grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technique effectively reveals the vertical phase separation and molecular crystallinity of the active layer. This work demonstrates the combination of volatile solid additive and sequential deposition is an effective method to develop high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
| | - Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Nabonswendé Aïda Nadège Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy & Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714P. R. China
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Astam MO, Zhan Y, Slot TK, Liu D. Active Surfaces Formed in Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22697-22705. [PMID: 35142206 PMCID: PMC9136844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in animating materials to develop dynamic surfaces. These dynamic surfaces can be utilized for advanced applications, including switchable wetting, friction, and lubrication. Dynamic surfaces can also improve existing technologies, for example, by integrating self-cleaning surfaces on solar cells. In this Spotlight on Applications, we describe our most recent advances in liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) dynamic surfaces, focusing on substrate-based topographies and dynamic porous networks. We discuss our latest insights in the mechanisms of deformation with the "free volume" principle. We illustrate the scope of LCN technology through various examples of photo-/electropatterning, free-volume channeling, oscillating/programmable network distortion, and porous LCNs. Finally, we close by discussing prominent applications of LCNs and their outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert O. Astam
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry K. Slot
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National
Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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35
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Mao D, Chen XR, Li DH, Liu XY, Cui G, Li L. Ultrafast charge transfer in a nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cell: a nonadiabatic dynamics simulation with optimally tuned range-separated functional. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27173-27183. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nonadiabatic dynamics simulation and optimally tuned range-separated functional might be a powerful tool for elucidating the ultrafast charge transfer in nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Xin-Rui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Dong-Heng Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
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36
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Negash A, Demeku AM, Molloro LH. Application of reduced graphene oxide as the hole transport layer in organic solar cells synthesized from waste dry cells using the electrochemical exfoliation method. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hole transport layer (HTL) plays an important role in improving the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Negash
- College of Natural and computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, POBOX 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Aknachew M. Demeku
- College of Natural and computational Sciences, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Debre Berhan University, POBOX 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Liboro Hundito Molloro
- College of Natural and computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, POBOX 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology (WUT), No. 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Wu J, Cha H, Du T, Dong Y, Xu W, Lin CT, Durrant JR. A Comparison of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101833. [PMID: 34773315 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The charge carrier dynamics in organic solar cells and organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells, two leading technologies in thin-film photovoltaics, are compared. The similarities and differences in charge generation, charge separation, charge transport, charge collection, and charge recombination in these two technologies are discussed, linking these back to the intrinsic material properties of organic and perovskite semiconductors, and how these factors impact on photovoltaic device performance is elucidated. In particular, the impact of exciton binding energy, charge transfer states, bimolecular recombination, charge carrier transport, sub-bandgap tail states, and surface recombination is evaluated, and the lessons learned from transient optical and optoelectronic measurements are discussed. This perspective thus highlights the key factors limiting device performance and rationalizes similarities and differences in design requirements between organic and perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Hydrogen & Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Tian Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, Wales, SA1 8EN, UK
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Miao J, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang L. Organoboron molecules and polymers for organic solar cell applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:153-187. [PMID: 34851333 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are emerging as a new photovoltaic technology with the great advantages of low cost, light-weight, flexibility and semi-transparency. They are promising for portable energy-conversion products and building-integrated photovoltaics. Organoboron chemistry offers an important toolbox to design novel organic/polymer optoelectronic materials and to tune their optoelectronic properties for OSC applications. At present, organoboron small molecules and polymers have become an important class of organic photovoltaic materials. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 16% and 14% have been realized with organoboron polymer electron donors and electron acceptors, respectively. In this review, we summarize the research progress in various kinds of organoboron photovoltaic materials for OSC applications, including organoboron small molecular electron donors, organoboron small molecular electron acceptors, organoboron polymer electron donors and organoboron polymer electron acceptors. This review also discusses how to tune their opto-electronic properties and active layer morphology for enhancing OSC device performance. We also offer our insight into the opportunities and challenges in improving the OSC device performance of organoboron photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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40
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Mok Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Choi Y, Kim DY. Quinoidal Small Molecule Containing Ring-Extended Termini for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27305-27314. [PMID: 34693151 PMCID: PMC8529684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized and characterized two quinoidal small molecules based on benzothiophene modified and original isatin terminal units, benzothiophene quinoidal thiophene (BzTQuT) and quinoidal thiophene (QuT), respectively, to investigate the effect of introducing a fused ring into the termini of quinoidal molecules. Extending the terminal unit of the quinoidal molecule affected the extension of π-electron delocalization and decreased the bond length alternation, which led to the downshifting of the collective Raman band and dramatically lowering the band gap. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices in neat BzTQuT films showed p-type transport behavior with low hole mobility, which was ascribed to the unsuitable film morphology for charge transport. By blending with an amorphous insulating polymer, polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), an OFET based on a BzTQuT film annealed at 150 °C exhibited improved mobility up to 0.09 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work successfully demonstrated that the extension of terminal groups into the quinoidal structure should be an effective strategy for constructing narrow band gap and high charge transporting organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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41
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Sun W, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Yang K, Chen H, Cho Y, Fu J, Odunmbaku O, Shah AA, Xiao Z, Lu S, Chen S, Li M, Qin B, Yang C, Frauenheim T, Sun K. Artificial Intelligence Designer for Highly-Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8847-8854. [PMID: 34494851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials purposefully is still challenging and time-consuming. It is of paramount importance in material development to identify basic functional units that play the key roles in material performance and subsequently establish the substructure-property relationship. Herein, we describe an automatic design framework based on an in-house designed La FREMD Fingerprint and machine learning (ML) algorithms for highly efficient OPV donor molecules. The key building blocks are identified, and a library consisting of 18 960 new molecules is generated within this framework. Through investigating the chemical structures of materials with different performance, a guidance on designing efficient OPV materials is proposed. Furthermore, the most promising candidates exhibit a predicted power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of over 15% when combined with acceptor Y6. Density functional theory (DFT) studies show these candidate materials possess exceptional potential for efficient charge carrier transport. The proposed framework demonstrates the ability to design new materials based on the substructure-property relationship built by ML, which provides an alternative methodology for applying ML in new material discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Yujie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiehao Fu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Akeel A Shah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
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42
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Su W, Wang Y, Yin Z, Fan Q, Guo X, Yu L, Li Y, Hou L, Zhang M, Peng Q, Li Y, Wang E. 13.4 % Efficiency from All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on a Crystalline Donor with Chlorine and Trialkylsilyl Substitutions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3535-3543. [PMID: 34057293 PMCID: PMC8518815 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
How to simultaneously achieve both high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and high short-circuit current density (Jsc ) is a big challenge for realising high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (all-SM OSCs). Herein, a novel small molecule (SM)-donor, namely FYSM-SiCl, with trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions was designed and synthesized. Compared to the original SM-donor FYSM-H, FYSM-Si with trialkylsilyl substitution showed a decreased crystallinity and lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, while FYSM-SiCl had an improved crystallinity, more ordered packing arrangement, significantly lower HOMO level, and predominant "face-on" orientation. Matched with a SM-acceptor Y6, the FYSM-SiCl-based all-SM OSCs exhibited both high Voc of 0.85 V and high Jsc of 23.7 mA cm-2 , which is rare for all-SM OSCs and could be attributed to the low HOMO level of FYSM-SiCl donor and the delicate balance between high crystallinity and suitable blend morphology. As a result, FYSM-SiCl achieved a high PCE of 13.4 % in all-SM OSCs, which was much higher than those of the FYSM-H- (10.9 %) and FYSM-Si-based devices (12.2 %). This work demonstrated a promising method for the design of efficient SM-donors by a side-chain engineering strategy via the introduction of trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsSiyuan Laboratory, Department of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054P. R. China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsSiyuan Laboratory, Department of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
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43
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Probing molecular orientation at bulk heterojunctions by polarization-selective transient absorption spectroscopy. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Wang Q, Lei S, Luo M, Liang J, Zhou D, Zhang L, Chen J. Introducing Siloxane-Terminated Side Chains in Small Molecular Donors for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells: Modulated Molecular Orientation and Enhanced Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36080-36088. [PMID: 34291893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three small molecular donors (SMDs) S35, S35-1Si, and S35-2Si, with 3,5-difluorophenyl-substituted benzodithiophene as the central 2-dimensional unit to combine different numbers of siloxane-terminated side chain, were synthesized for all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). The three SMDs showed comparable film absorption peaks at 570 nm and optical band gaps of 1.8 eV. Relative to S35 and S35-1Si with symmetric alkyl side chains and asymmetric side chains on the central unit, respectively, the S35-2Si carrying two symmetric siloxane-terminated side chains displayed largely elevated melting and crystalline temperatures, lowered surface energy, and modulated molecular orientation. The three SMDs possessed edge-on dominated molecular orientations of their neat films; however, a big difference was found for their blend films with nonfullerene acceptor Y6. The S35:Y6 and S35-1Si:Y6 blends exhibited edge-on and face-on bimodal orientations but the S35-2Si:Y6 blend showed pure face-on orientation, indicating quite different donor:acceptor intermolecular interactions. Some large domains existed in the S35:Y6 and S35-1Si:Y6 blends, but could be suppressed by the S35-2Si:Y6 blend, leading to a more balanced charge transport. In ASM-OSCs, the two S35:Y6 and S35-1Si:Y6 active layers showed comparable power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of ∼12% but a much higher efficiency of 13.50% could be achieved with the S35-2Si:Y6 active layer. Our results suggest that the siloxane-terminated side chain is promising to regulate crystalline ability of a SMD, paving a way for high performance ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Lei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mei Luo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Deng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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46
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Cui M, Li N, Wang Y, Li Y, Tian X, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Z, Rong Q, Gao X, Zhou G, Nian L. Performance Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells by Adding a Liquid Crystalline Molecule in Cathode and Anode Interlayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35639-35646. [PMID: 34282876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effective and simple approach for optimizing the performance of both cathode and anode interlayers in OSCs is demonstrated using 4-heptyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (7CB) to dope a classic cathode (ZnO and SnO2) or an anode interlayer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)]. Because of the enhanced light absorption, improved physical contact between a photoactive layer and an interlayer, and increased carrier recombination, all of the devices based on a 7CB-doped interlayer show increased short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the corresponding undoped interlayer, regardless it is the anode interlayer or the cathode interlayer, which is a rare phenomenon in the interlayer modification field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Cui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Tian
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qikun Rong
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Nian
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Guo J, Hu K, Qiu B, Zhang J, Yang D, Zhou L, Li S, Meng L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Fine-Tuning Miscibility and π-π Stacking by Alkylthio Side Chains of Donor Molecules Enables High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36033-36043. [PMID: 34288666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of morphology and precise control of miscibility between donors and acceptors play an important role in improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs). Besides device optimization, methods such as additives and thermal annealing are applied for finely tuning bulk-heterojunction morphology; strategies of molecular design are also the key to achieve efficient phase separation. Here, a series of A-D-A-type small-molecule donors (SM4, SM8, and SM12) based on benzodithiophene units were synthesized with different lengths of alkylthio side chains to regulate crystallinity, and their miscibility with the acceptor (BO-4Cl) was investigated. Consequently, SM4 with a short alkylthio substituent had a high crystallization propensity, leading to the oversized molecular domains and the poor morphology of the active layer. Meanwhile, SM12 with a longer alkylthio substituent showed weak crystallinity, causing a relatively looser π-π stacking and thus adversely affecting charge-carrier transport. The SM-OSC based on the small-molecule donor SM8 with a mid-length alkylthio substituent achieved a better PCE over 13%, which was attributed to a more harmonious blend miscibility without sacrificing carrier-charge transport. Eventually, the modulation of phase separation and miscibility via controlling the lateral side chains has proven its potential in optimizing the blend morphology to aid the development of highly efficient SM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dengchen Yang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liuyang Zhou
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaman Li
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Wang Y, Fan Q, Wang Y, Fang J, Liu Q, Zhu L, Qiu J, Guo X, Liu F, Su W, Zhang M. Modulating Crystallinity and Miscibility via Side‐chain Variation Enable High Performance
All‐Small‐Molecule
Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jin Fang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jinjing Qiu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wenyan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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49
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Lee C, Osuji CO. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Opportunities for Liquid Crystal Polymers in Nanopatterning and Beyond. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:945-957. [PMID: 35549196 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) integrate at a molecular level the characteristics of two important material classes, i.e., liquid crystals (LCs) and polymers. As a result, they exhibit a wide variety of intriguing physical phenomena and have useful properties in various settings. In the nearly 50 years since the discovery of the first melt-processable LCPs, there has been a remarkable expansion in the field encompassing the development of new chain architectures, the incorporation of new classes of mesogens, and the exploration of new properties and applications. As engineering materials, LCPs are historically best known in the context of high strength fibers. In a more contemporary study, the pairing of LC mesophase assembly with block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly in LC BCPs has resulted in a fascinating interplay of ordering phenomena and rich phase behavior, while lightly cross-linked networks, LC elastomers, are extensively investigated as shape memory materials based on their thermomechanical actuation. As this Viewpoint describes, these and other examples are active areas of research in which new, compelling opportunities for LCPs are emerging. We highlight a few selected areas that we view as being potentially significant in the near future, with a particular emphasis on nanopatterning. Here, the ability to readily access small feature sizes, the fluidity of the LC mesophase, and LC-based handles for achieving orientation control present a compelling combination. Opportunities for LCPs are also presented under the broad rubric of "beyond nanopatterning", and we discuss relevant challenges and potential new directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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50
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Sun C, Liu Z, Wang H, Xue L, Zhang Z. Recent progress in small‐molecule donors for non‐fullerene all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yaokun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chenkai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Henan 450001 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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